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The Bath Centre for Fatigue Services (BCFS) is a nationally recognised centre of expertise, providing outpatient-based, specialist assessment and treatments for adults experiencing long-standing fatigue, linked to a variety of medical conditions including Myalgic Encephalopathy (ME)/ Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) and more recently, long COVID fatigue.
One of the resources used to support interventions is the BCFS Activity, Rest and Sleep Log. The aim of encouraging patients to engage with Log completion is to capture personalised perceptions of physical, cognitive and emotional energy expenditure. Having a raised awareness of the way daily activities drain already reduced energy levels, can enable the patient to consider how they are using available energy, and/or whether they could use energy differently.
Currently the Log is shared with patients either as a hard copy or electronically dependent on choice. It is recognised that the usefulness of the Log depends on the individual completing this in a timely and meaningful, subjective way; resulting in a variation in completeness of the data captured.
The West of England Academic Health Science Network (AHSN) introduced the BCFS team to the KiActiv® Health. The clinical team were interested to trial the KiActiv® Health intervention to explore if it would provide some patients with a Log alternative, or be an additional, method of recording energy expenditure in relation to their daily activities/occupations. KiActiv® Health incorporates patented technology to evaluate minute-by-minute physical activity data from a validated wearable monitor, which is displayed instantly in the user’s personalised online dashboard and is supported by a dedicated mentor to help monitor and understand their everyday lives.
The BCFS team was also keen to understand how the KiActiv® Health intervention would work alongside/integral to its current programme and evaluate any benefits to the patients, service, and clinical team.
Between February and September 2020, adult patients referred to BCFS with a confirmed diagnosis of ME/CFS were introduced to KiActiv® Health by members of the BCFS inter-professional team. In all 43 patients were recruited and 41 completed the 12-week KiActiv® intervention, whilst also engaging in the specialist BCFS fatigue and life-style management programme.
Evaluation of the programme, commissioned by the AHSN, indicate that for some patients, the use of KiActiv® in combination with specialist ME/CFS provision, can have a positive impact. This project has however, identified a number of areas that would benefit from further exploration and development:
- Some development of the KiActiv® technology may be useful, in the areas that were identified during the Replenish-ME project, to better suit the specific needs of this patient cohort, and potentially improve patient experience.
- The West of England AHSN Industry and Innovation team will continue to support KiActiv® to further explore opportunities for:
○ Cost-benefit evaluation
○ Development of a possible business case for some patients with ME/CFS
○ Applications of this technology in the landscape of long COVID
Find out about the other Future Challenges projects:
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UPDATE 3-Kenya, Tanzania lift tsunami warnings
* Warnings lifted after areas hit by quake do same
* East Africa region was also hit by 2004 tsunami (Updates with Tanzania cancelling tsunami warning)
NAIROBI, April 11 (Reuters) - Kenya and Tanzania lifted tsunami warnings on Wednesday after it appeared unlikely that a massive wave would hit the east African coast following a powerful earthquake off Indonesia.
The 8.6-magnitude earthquake and a series of aftershocks struck off Indonesia but there seemed little risk of a disastrous tsunami as in 2004.
"We are removing the alert, we are cancelling it," Ali Mafimbo, Senior Assistant Director at Kenya's Met office, told Reuters by phone.
Tanzania, after earlier saying it expected waves of up to 1.5 m (5 feet), also downgraded its warning.
"We have downgraded the warning after establishing that the earthquake has subsided at its source, therefore the expected waves might not hit our coastline after all," acting Tanzania Meteorological Agency Director General Emmanuel Mpeta told state-run Tanzania Broadcasting Corporation television.
As a precaution, Tanzanian authorities advised fishing boats and ships to remain at anchor until Thursday.
Some 164 people were killed and more than 2,300 were displaced in Kenya, Tanzania, Madagascar, the Seychelles, and Somalia after the disastrous 2004 Asian tsunami. (Reporting by Humphrey Malalo, George Obulutsa and Yara Bayoumy in Nairobi; Fumbuka Ng'wanakilala in Dar es Salaam; Alain Iloniaina in Antananarivo; Writing by Yara Bayoumy and George Obulutsa; Editing by Michael Roddy)
© Thomson Reuters 2017 All rights reserved
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WASHINGTON - As the country awaits this month’s Supreme Court decision on the fate of President Obama’s sweeping health reform law, sharp negative questioning by justices during oral arguments has supporters and opponents girding for the possibility that the entire bill could be overturned.
That means the elimination - along with the controversial mandate that most people purchase health insurance - of popular provisions allowing young adults to stay on their parents’ insurance until age 26, making prescription drugs for seniors more affordable, and requiring insurers to cover those with pre-existing medical conditions without charging them more.
Even if the court were to strike just the individual mandate and keep the rest of the law intact, some health care advocates, insurers, and lawmakers fear that these consumer protections would be unable to stand on their own.
“There are a series of provisions of the law which have already been enacted which have proven to be fairly popular,’’ said Andrew Dreyfus, president and CEO of Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts. “The question nationally is will there be bipartisan consensus to maintain those provisions even if the Supreme Court overturns some aspects of the law or the whole law?’’
Both Democrats and Republicans in Congress have been reluctant to openly discuss contingency plans, or the possibility of compromise, in the event the court strikes down the law. Both sides of the aisle agree that nothing will be accomplished prior to November’s presidential election.
Still, some House Republicans have quietly begun to discuss what elements of the law they would keep. The Republican mantra, after all, has been “repeal and replace’’ but not all party members are eager to craft a replacement. The issue remains divisive as Republicans face resistance from some of the more conservative members of their own party, who want full abolition of the law’s many provisions.
“Repeal and replace is a good slogan, but what kind of replacement are we talking about?’’ said Gail Wilensky, a health economist who oversaw Medicare and Medicaid under George H.W. Bush. “Is it a replacement that will substantially extend coverage for people who have been uninsured? At the moment it’s a little hard to see that happening.’’
John McDonough, director of Harvard University’s Center for Public Health Leadership, criticized Republicans who oppose the law for moving to restore some of its popular consumer protections - like keeping young adults on their parents’ health insurance and other provisions that would primarily benefit middle- and upper-income people - instead of fighting for the law’s Medicaid expansion that would help more low-income people gain health insurance.
Although polling shows the nation remains sharply divided along partisan lines over health reform, a full-scale repeal could set off a backlash among the previously indifferent.
“It’s a standard rule of politics that people value losses more than hypothetical gains,’’ said McDonough, who helped the Senate craft the national health reform law. “If the court were to strike down significant parts of the law that are already in place, there could quite possibly be a potent public reaction against what is being taken away from people.’’
In addition to the popular consumer protections, the law requires insurers to offer preventative care for free and eliminates annual and lifetime limits on certain benefits.
Insurers and some Democratic lawmakers argue that it will become prohibitively expensive to keep the consumer protections without requiring most Americans to buy health insurance.
James Roosevelt Jr., president and CEO of Tufts Health Plan, said that Tufts would probably continue to offer a plan that would do away with co-pays and deductibles for preventative care, and allow parents to keep their adult children on their health insurance, but it would cost members and employers extra.
“We can’t decide that all our plans are going to keep the things that were struck down that people liked in the Affordable Care Act, because our competitors would be out there saying, ‘If you want to pay less, come to us,’ ’’ Roosevelt said. “The benefit of the law is that you spread out the cost over everybody, which makes it more affordable for any individual person.’’
Some conservative policy makers disagree, saying the mandate could easily be separated from the rest of the law and there are alternatives that could preserve the consumer protections while making insurance more affordable.
Although Douglas Holtz-Eakin, who was Senator John McCain’s economic adviser during the 2008 presidential campaign, said he does not expect the court to scrap the entire law, he believes it best for Congress to start crafting a more incremental, far less sweeping bipartisan bill from scratch.
Instead of a mandate, the young and healthy could be motivated to buy health insurance if insurers must cover anyone with pre-existing medical conditions as long as the person remains continuously insured, he said.
Other health experts do not foresee Washington easily replacing the Obama law.
“We would return to a world in which the well on health reform is poisoned in Congress,’’ said Drew Altman, chief executive of the Kaiser Family Foundation, a nonpartisan health policy group. “It’s become such an ideological hot potato, it’s hard to imagine Republicans and Democrats in a polarized Congress agreeing on health reform legislation for the foreseeable future, which would leave us at the mercy of the states doing what they can.’’
A total dismissal of the law would be detrimental to Massachusetts’ own efforts to expand insurance coverage, said Michael Miller, director of strategic policy at Community Catalyst, a Boston-based nonprofit that advocates for universal health care.
Although Massachusetts’ requirement that Bay State residents purchase insurance would not be threatened by a Supreme Court rejection of the Obama law’s mandate, the state is relying on a substantial expansion of Medicaid under national health reform - and the hundreds of millions in federal dollars that accompany it - to extend coverage to people, Miller said.
The state also stands to lose federal funding for community health centers, along with individual and small-employer tax credits, he said.
As the clock ticks towards decision time, the Legislature is doing what it can to preserve some of the national law’s more popular elements in case the law is struck down. Last month the state Senate amended its budget to include language that requires insurers to offer childhood immunizations without a copay or deductible. Some consumer advocate groups are also pushing the Legislature to add preventative services for free, as the national law requires.
“The idea is to align ourselves as much as possible with the national law so in the case the entire thing gets wiped out, it would be on the books and would continue to be a part of Massachusetts state law,’’ said a Senate aide familiar with the legislation.
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Mesa (Portuguese and Spanish for table) is the American English term for tableland, an elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs. It takes its name from its characteristic table-top shape. It may also be called a table hill, table-topped hill or table mountain. It is larger than a butte, which it otherwise resembles closely.
It is a characteristic landform of arid environments, particularly the Western and Southwestern United States in badlands and mountainous regions ranging from Washington and California to the Dakotas, Wyoming, Utah, and Texas. Examples are also found in many other nations including Spain, Sardinia, North and South Africa, Arabia, India, and Australia.
The term mesa is used throughout the United States to describe a flat-topped mountain or hill.
Mesas form by weathering and erosion of horizontally layered rocks that have been uplifted by tectonic activity. Variations in the ability of different types of rock to resist weathering and erosion cause the weaker types of rocks to be eroded away, leaving the more resistant types of rocks topographically higher than their surroundings. This process is called differential erosion. The most resistant rock types include sandstone, conglomerate, quartzite, basalt, chert, limestone, lava flows and sills. Lava flows and sills, in particular, are very resistant to weathering and erosion, and often form the flat top, or caprock, of a mesa. The less resistant rock layers are mainly made up of shale, a softer rock that weathers and erodes more easily.
The differences in strength of various rock layers is what gives mesas their distinctive shape. Less resistant rocks are eroded away on the surface into valleys, where they collect water drainage from the surrounding area, while the more resistant layers are left standing out. A large area of very resistant rock, such as a sill may shield the layers below it from erosion while the softer rock surrounding it is eroded into valleys, thus forming a caprock.
Differences in rock type also reflect on the sides of a mesa, as instead of smooth slopes, the sides are broken into a staircase pattern called "cliff-and-bench topography". The more resistant layers form the cliffs, or stairsteps, while the less resistant layers form gentle slopes, or benches, between the cliffs. Cliffs retreat and are eventually cut off from the main cliff, or plateau, by basal sapping. When the cliff edge does not retreat uniformly, but instead is indented by headward eroding streams, a section can be cut off from the main cliff, forming a mesa.
Basal sapping occurs as water flowing around the rock layers of the mesa erodes the underlying soft shale layers, either as surface runoff from the mesa top or from groundwater moving through permeable overlying layers, which leads to slumping and flowage of the shale. As the underlying shale erodes away, it can no longer support the overlying cliff layers, which collapse and retreat. When the caprock has caved away to the point where only a little remains, it is known as a butte.
A transitional zone on Mars, known as the fretted terrain, lies between highly cratered highlands and less cratered lowlands. The younger lowland exhibits steep walled mesas and knobs. The mesa and knobs are separated by flat lying lowlands. They are thought to form from ice-facilitated mass wasting processes from ground or atmospheric sources. The mesas and knobs decrease in size with increasing distance from the highland escarpment. The relief of the mesas range from nearly 2 km to 100m depending on the distance they are from the escarpment.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mesas.|
- Easterbrook, Don J. (1999). Surface Processes and Landforms. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
- Choreley, Richard J.; Stanley A. Schumm; David E. Sugden (1985). Geomorphology. New York: Methuen.
- Baker, David M. Morphological Analyses of Mesas and Knobs in the Northwest Fretted Terrain of Mars; Constraints on the Presence and Distribution of Ice-Facilitated Mass-Wasting. Ed. Alexander K. Stewart and James W. Head. Vol. 40. Issue 2. pp. 72. United States: Geological Society of America (GSA) : Boulder, CO, United States, 2008.
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One high school student in America has decided to boycott her prom, after being told she wasn't allowed to wear a tuxedo because she's a girl.
Claudetteia Love is an openly gay student at Carroll High School in Monroe, Louisiana, and has said she thinks the school's decision is based on her sexual orientation, rather than a strict dress code, as they claim. Hmm, banning girls from wearing a smart, tailored look certainly doesn't seem like a "dress code" issue.
Not that it makes any difference to the way she is treated, but Claudetteia also happens to be one of the school's stars and has a full academic scholarship to Jackson State University when she leaves.
She told The News Star that while they are happy to use her good grades to better the school, "when it's time for me to celebrate the fact that I've accomplished what I need to accomplish and I'm about to graduate, they don't want to let me do it, the way I want to."
"He said that the faculty that is working the prom told him they weren't going to work the prom if (girls) were going to wear tuxes," Claudetteia's mum said. "That's his exact words. 'Girls wear dresses and boys wear tuxes, and that's the way it is."
"I feel like he's taking his values and throwing them on my daughter because of what her preference is and what she represents."
Claudetteia and her group of friends have now decided that they won't go to prom and claim that a petition protesting the faculty's no-tux rule was ignored by the school.
I want for [other girls] when they come up, to not to have to feel like they aren't accepted.
"There are other girls in lower grades than me, and I want for them when they come up to not to have to feel like they aren't accepted," she said. "I don't want them to feel like they are less of a person because people don't accept them. There are people in the world that won't accept you but they don't have to be so judgmental and make you feel like you're less of a person and that you shouldn't express yourself."
The silver lining is that since hearing about Claudetteia's story, president of the school board Rodney McFarland has said he is going to contact the principal to discuss the issue.
"I don't agree with Carroll banning her from her prom just because of what she wants to wear - that's discrimination," he said. "As far as I know there is no Monroe City School Board policy saying what someone has to wear to attend the prom." Our thoughts exactly, Rod.
Follow Claire on Twitter.
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JournalAmerican Family Physician
PublisherAmerican Academy of Family Physicians
MetadataShow full item record
AbstractFailure to thrive is a condition commonly seen by primary care physicians. Prompt diagnosis and intervention are important for preventing malnutrition and developmental sequelae. Medical and social factors often contribute to failure to thrive. Either extreme of parental attention (neglect or hypervigilance) can lead to failure to thrive. About 25 percent of normal infants will shift to a lower growth percentile in the first two years of life and then follow that percentile; this should not be diagnosed as failure to thrive. Infants with Down syndrome, intrauterine growth retardation, or premature birth follow different growth patterns than normal infants. Many infants with failure to thrive are not identified unless careful attention is paid to plotting growth parameters at routine check-ups. A thorough history is the best guide to establishing the etiology of the failure to thrive and directing further evaluation and management. All children with failure to thrive need additional calories for catch-up growth (typically 150 percent of the caloric requirement for their expected, not actual, weight). Few need laboratory evaluation. Hospitalization is rarely required and is indicated only for severe failure to thrive and for those whose safety is a concern. A multidisciplinary approach is recommended when failure to thrive persists despite intervention or when it is severe. Copyright Copyright 2003 American Academy of Family Physicians.
Identifier to cite or link to this itemhttp://hdl.handle.net/10713/11967
- Failure to thrive: an update.
- Authors: Cole SZ, Lanham JS
- Issue date: 2011 Apr 1
- Parental health beliefs as a cause of nonorganic failure to thrive.
- Authors: Pugliese MT, Weyman-Daum M, Moses N, Lifshitz F
- Issue date: 1987 Aug
- Team management of failure to thrive.
- Authors: Peterson KE, Washington J, Rathbun JM
- Issue date: 1984 Jul
- Assessment of the child with failure to thrive.
- Authors: Leung AK, Robson WM, Fagan JE
- Issue date: 1993 Dec
- [Psychosomatic failure-to-thrive in infants and toddlers].
- Authors: Olsen EM, Skovgaard AM
- Issue date: 2002 Nov 25
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Critically Appraised Topic
Specific Care Question
When worn by healthcare workers who provide face-to-face patient care, does fingernail polish increase the microbial growth on the hands compared to no fingernail polish?
Nail Polish; Painted Nails; Nail Length
Children's Mercy Kansas City, "Nail polish use and bacteria in the hands of the healthcare worker: Summary" (2022). Clinical Critically Appraised Topics. 37.
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Difference between income tax and TDS (tax withheld at source)
Income tax and tax withheld at source (TDS) are the two most common terms that taxpayers often come across. They may look similar, but there is a lot of difference between income tax and TDS. The two taxes have a different mechanism when it comes to calculating them.
Therefore, before filing tax returns, it becomes necessary for salaried individuals to avoid any confusion related to these terms and to understand the relevance and implications of these taxes.
Income tax refers to a mandatory contribution levied on an individual’s income based on his earnings. There are standard tax rates for money deducted from your gross income. In other words, it refers to the total tax payable on an individual basis, his annual taxable income after taking into account the deductions and exemptions determined at the end of a financial year.
On the other hand, the TDS represents part of the income tax already paid by the assessee, which can be set off against the income tax and the balance of the tax payable.
It is a process by which the government can collect taxes quickly and efficiently. TDS, as the name suggests, is a part of your income tax which is deducted by the employer or other deductors when paying to the employee and the same is deposited by them with the tax department. ‘income tax.
Differences Between Income Tax and TDS
Income tax and TDS are two forms of collecting taxes in different ways.
Income tax is paid on annual income, where taxes are calculated for a particular financial year.
The TDS is deducted at source periodically during a given year.
Income tax is paid directly to the government. At the same time, TDS is an indirect means of discharging tax debt where the tax deductor facilitates the tax recovery process for the government.
Income tax is levied on the aggregate income earned by an (insured) individual during a financial year.
Under the TDS, the Income Tax Act imposes an obligation to withhold tax at source only on certain persons making prescribed payments.
Income tax is levied on all salaried persons or entities for the income they have earned in excess of the prescribed tax limit for that particular period after the end of a certain financial year.
In TDS, the whole process of tax deduction and payment results in an obligation to pay taxes even before the taxpayer receives the income.
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We consist of products we assume work for our readers. If you buy via web links on this page, we might make a small compensation.
Athlete’s Log has sole content control over this short article. Prospective uses for the items detailed here are not health and wellness insurance claims made by the manufacturers. The info in this post is planned to be basic in nature. It’s not intended to be a substitute for medical guidance from a healthcare expert. Athlete’s Log motivates you to make any type of treatment choices with your health care professional.
Cannabidiol (CBD), a cannabinoid removed from the cannabis plant, is utilized for a range of health and wellness as well as wellness reasons, consisting of to alleviate signs and symptoms of anxiety, persistent discomfort, and also various other conditions, or to induce a calming effect.
Right now, CBD is one of the fastest-growing markets, with new products on the market every week. Understanding a CBD tag and figuring out whether a product is high quality can be a little bit confusing at. Picking a trusted brand will certainly provide you the most advantages for your dollar.
Here, we check out CBDistillery, the front runner brand name of Balanced Health Botanicals. CBDistillery has actually offered greater than 2 million clients because it was founded in Colorado in 2016. As well as via its #CBDMOVEMENT efforts on social networks and its podcast, the brand intends to stomp out any continuing to be preconception concerning marijuana and also ” confirm that CBD isn’t simply a buzzword.”
We’ll look into the benefits and drawbacks of the brand and also take a look at several of CBDistillery’s top items.
CBD terms to recognize
- Terpenes are plant substances with potentially restorative benefits.
- Flavonoids are plant compounds that have antioxidant advantages.
- Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the cannabinoid associated with the “high” from cannabis usage. Compared with THC, CBD is noneuphoric as well as nonimpairing , indicating it will not produce a “high.”.
- Full-spectrum CBD has all of the normally available substances of the marijuana plant. In hemp-derived full-spectrum CBD, the THC will be no more than 0.3 percent.
- Broad-spectrum CBD has every one of the plant’s normally happening compounds but no THC ( or trace amounts).
- CBD isolate is the purest type, separated from all other plant substances.
CBDistillery brand testimonial.
Firm online reputation.
Part of CBDistillery’s growing track record can likely be credited to its goal for openness and skipping tricks. In 2020, CBDistillery lately undertook a rebranding of its site as well as product packaging to concentrate on enlightening consumers regarding CBD and to offer clear labeling.
On its site, CBDistillery functions countless beneficial consumer testimonials of specific items. And somewhere else on-line, the brand name goes head-to-head with various other top CBD merchants in evaluations and evaluations .
Quality and openness.
Certifications and subscriptions .
CBDistillery is accredited by the U.S. Hemp Authority (USHA), a seal of approval that implies the brand has actually undergone the USHA’s independent third-party audit and also satisfied strict criteria concerning ingredients, labeling, and also Food and Drug Administration (FDA) conformity.
In 2019, CBDistillery’s moms and dad business achieved self-affirmed normally acknowledged as risk-free (GRAS) condition with an independent review by toxicologists. The brand likewise has subscription with the National Hemp Association as well as the U.S Hemp Roundtable, the hemp industry’s major grassroots company.
Especially, CBDistillery has actually not gotten any FDA caution lettersTrusted Source. Other brand names have actually received such letters for violating the Federal Food, Drug, as well as Cosmetic Act with prohibited marketing methods.
CBDistillery does label its items as supplements, which some various other firms have gotten cautioning letters over.
Manufacturing as well as sourcing .
One more pro concerning CBDistillery is its level of transparency in product making as well as sourcing . The brand name claims its items are created with non-GMO industrial hemp expanded with organic farming practices on outdoor farms in Colorado, Kentucky, as well as Oregon.
Its manufacturing center is approved by the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. The center is accredited by NSF International to adhere to present good production techniques (CGMP). It’s also ISO-9001 certified for high quality.
For its full-spectrum as well as broad-spectrum items, CBDistillery utilizes a co2 (CO2) supercritical extraction process, admired for its security for both the environment as well as end user.
For its isolate products, the brand name uses ethanol extraction. Ethanol extraction can often leave behind recurring solvents in the end products. CBDistillery tests each of its items for residual solvents to be certain that absolutely nothing is left behind.
Certificate of analysis.
Each CBDistillery item also includes a certification of evaluation (COA) from ACS Laboratory or Botanacor, both third-party ISO 17025-accredited laboratories.
- cannabinoid profile.
- terpenes material.
- whether it has passed tests for:.
- water acidity.
- heavy metals.
- mycotoxins ( harmful substances produced by mold and mildews).
- recurring solvents.
- microbiology petrifilm (presence of bacteria).
You can access a COA by scanning the QR code on a CBDistillery product’s label. If you’re browsing the brand’s web site, you can discover the COA summary in the product’s picture slideshow and also gain access to the QR code for more.
Variety of products and rates.
CBDistillery supplies a variety of CBD products, including:.
- drink mixes.
Product offerings additionally consist of cbd, broad-spectrum, and full-spectrum isolate solutions at a series of strengths.
Several various other CBD items leave you to do the math to determine the amount of CBD per serving, but CBDistillery items are plainly noted with this details. Oils, as an example, variety from 250 to 5,000 milligrams (mg) per 1-ounce (oz.) bottle.
The labels additionally recommend a offering size, just how much CBD remains in that serving, and also the amount of of those servings are in the bottle.
User testimonials for various items frequently discuss CBDistillery’s price, as well as fair prices is a source of satisfaction for the brand name.
It’s crucial to keep in mind there’s not much research study on exactly how CBD influences pets, felines, and various other residential pets. Talk with your veterinarian prior to offering CBD to your animal.
Moms and dad company Balanced Health Botanicals has an A+ rating with the Better Business Bureau, it does have some negative consumer testimonials as well as complaints, mostly relating to delivery snafus. Nonetheless, several concerns appear to have a resolution connected to the issue.
Various other individuals on the CBDistillery internet site go crazy regarding the brand’s customer care.
Athlete’s Log’s choices for the very best CBDistillery products.
Among our editors, Ruby Thompson, evaluated a range of CBDistillery products. She utilized each product for a minimum of 5 days, comparing the flavor, strength, and effectiveness of every one.
Right here’s our take on how CBDistillery’s products stack up in real-life applications.
- $ = under $70.
- $$ = $75–$ 100.
- $$$ = over $100.
Broad-Spectrum Anytime Gummies.
- Price: $.
- CBD type: broad-spectrum.
- CBD potency: 30 mg per gummy.
- Count: 30 gummies per container.
- COA: available on product page in picture slide show.
These exotic fruit-flavored gummies have a sweet covering outside, which Thompson states gives them “the ideal quantity of sweetness.” There’s a bit of an aftertaste (which is typical with CBD edibles), it’s not substantial.
After taking these gummies daily to assist with osteoarthritis pain in her tailbone, Thompson claims she really felt “serious pain alleviation.”.
” I don’t see these totally changing my demand for physical therapy or everyday stretching/movement, however they’re absolutely an outstanding addition to my pain management regimen,” she states.
THC-Free Pure CBD Oil Tincture.
- Price: $.
- CBD type: isolate.
- CBD potency: 1,000 mg per 30-mL bottle (33 mg per 1-mL offering).
- COA: offered on product web page in photo slideshow.
This CBD oil is for you if you typically do not like the natural or verdant taste of hemp yet you’re not especially amazed regarding flavorful products either.
” The oil is tasteless– truly flavorless,” Thompson claims. “It’s incredibly smooth and also doesn’t have any type of aftertaste at all.”.
It didn’t do a lot for her in terms of pain relief, she says she observed a general feeling of tranquility and also lowered stress after utilizing the oil each night.
Thanks to the consisted of dropper, the oil is easy to dose. With 33 mg of CBD per 1-mL offering, it falls in the midrange regarding potency goes. That makes it a great option for people that know with CBD but do not want a extremely powerful item.
Full-Spectrum CBD Oil Tincture, 5,000 mg.
- Rate: $$$.
- CBD kind: full-spectrum.
- CBD potency: 5,000 mg per 30-mL container (107 mg per 1-mL offering).
- COA: available on item web page in image slideshow.
This oil is CBDistillery’s most prominent as well as potent item. It has all the beneficial compounds of the normally farmed hemp plant, including terpenes, flavonoids, and also other cannabinoids, like cannabigerol (CBG) and cannabinol (CBN).
” I was a little worried regarding trying this item since it’s so high strength,” Thompson states. “I fidgeted concerning the taste as well as the possibility for negative effects– and truthfully, I was nervous that I would certainly fall in love with it since it’s so costly.”.
At $240 per bottle, it’s certainly an financial investment. The price per serving works out to be around $8.
Despite being full-spectrum, Thompson calls the oil ” really flavorless” with “only a slight aftertaste.”.
” After utilizing it, I saw reputable pain alleviation in my lower back,” she states. “I awakened less rigid, which doesn’t occur commonly!
” I noticed the outcomes truly quickly, so this is a great option for individuals who have actually made use of CBD prior to who are utilizing it specifically for fast pain alleviation. I do not assume I will certainly buy myself one more container due to the price, yet I will likely stick to CBDistillery’s lower effectiveness oil option.”.
Broad-Spectrum CBD Softgels.
- Cost: $$.
- CBD kind: broad-spectrum.
- CBD strength: 30 mg per softgel.
- Matter: 30 softgels per container.
- COA: readily available on product web page in photo slideshow.
Some CBD softgels can be difficult to ingest, however Thompson states these gels are really tiny and also simple to swallow.
They’re flavorless, don’t have an aftertaste, and they’re very easy to dose. Nonetheless, Thompson claims they really did not do a lot for her in terms of discomfort relief.
” It’s possible I required a higher dosage or that full-spectrum CBD works much better for me, because CBDistillery’s greater strength full-spectrum products functioned terrific for me. Still, I would advise this product to individuals that are more recent to CBD that want a absolutely unsavory means to take it.”.
Even though these are a broad-spectrum item, they may include trace degrees of THC. They might not be the best product for you if you intend to steer clear of THC entirely.
Just how to choose a product.
Choosing the CBDistillery product that’s right for you will certainly depend upon your particular needs, suches as and disapproval, and also way of living.
CBDistillery’s oils and also pills utilize MCT oil, as well as onset commonly takes 1 to 2 hrs. Nevertheless, if hemp taste has a tendency to bother you, flavored gummies may be a better fit.
Topicals are terrific for a localized application of CBD, like on aching joints.
Exactly how to utilize CBD.
As with any product you’re pursuing the first time, begin with the tiniest serving possible to see just how you respond. From there, you can boost your dosage if wanted.
For oils, CBDistillery recommends holding the product under your tongue for 15 to 20 seconds before ingesting.
Softgels can be taken as you would certainly any other capsule. Gummies, also.
Topicals can be applied as needed, but it’s constantly a great idea to patch test a tiny area initially to ensure you don’t have a reaction to any active ingredients.
Safety as well as side effects.
CBD is generally reported as risk-free, although some typical adverse effects may take place, such as:.
- changes in cravings.
- changes in weight.
Prior to attempting CBD, talk with a doctor or a well-informed marijuana medical professional. CBD may interact with particular prescription medicines, non-prescription drugs, and dietary supplements. This includes drugs that bring a grapefruit warning.
A 2019 research study reveals that CBD might also cause liver poisoning or injury. This research was performed on computer mice, as well as researchers say you would certainly have to be taking incredibly high dosages for this to be a issue.
When consuming CBD along with high fat dishes, an additional consideration is to make use of caution. Fats can increase CBD blood focus, upping the risks for side effects, according to a 2020 research.
Avoid CBD if you’re expectant or nursing.
Frequently asked questions regarding CBDistillery.
Where is CBDistillery situated?
CBDistillery is located in Colorado.
Is CBDistillery a reputable CBD brand name?
Yes. CBDistillery has a positive reputation as well as a excellent selection of products. Every one of the brand name’s products are tested by independent labs for safety as well as quality. The firm’s manufacturing center is also licensed to follow the FDA’s GMPs.
What type of CBD items does CBDistillery market?
CBDistillery sells CBD oil, gummies, pills, topicals, family pet delicious chocolates, powders, and products .
CBDistillery checks all the boxes as a respectable CBD brand that utilizes hemp market finest practices. Customers can be positive in knowing every little thing from the moms and dad business’s sourcing as well as manufacturing procedures to its market qualifications.
The openness does not stop there. Product labels include accessibility to in-depth COAs. And also, classifying clearly states what clients are entering terms of total CBD content and also serving size, getting rid of a lot of math or uncertainty.
The brand name additionally uses a variety of item kinds and also effectiveness to meet numerous customer requirements.
Is CBD Legal? Hemp-derived CBD items (with less than 0.3 percent THC) are lawful on the government degree, however are still unlawful under some state laws. Marijuana-derived CBD products are prohibited on the federal level, however are legal under some state legislations. Examine your state’s legislations and those of anywhere you take a trip. Nonprescription CBD items are not FDA-approved, as well as may be inaccurately labeled.
Understanding a CBD tag and also establishing whether a item is high top quality can be a little bit complicated at. Numerous other CBD products leave you to do the mathematics to figure out the quantity of CBD per offering, yet CBDistillery items are clearly marked with this information. That makes it a excellent selection for people that are familiar with CBD yet do not desire a super potent product.
Hemp-derived CBD products (with much less than 0.3 percent THC) are legal on the federal degree, however are still unlawful under some state laws. Nonprescription CBD products are not FDA-approved, and might be improperly labeled.
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After a three-month plateau over the summer, Phoenix area home values have again begun to plummet in what appears to be a "double-dip," says Arizona State University professor Karl Guntermann.
Local real estate professionals said the federal first-time homebuyers' tax credit - which returned several thousand dollars to those who bought while the program was in effect - artificially boosted prices earlier this year, and the renewed decline in prices coincides with the tax credit's expiration.
"We had three or four months when prices were stable or went up a little," Guntermann said Monday. "We're headed back down for the second time."
Guntermann, who teaches courses in real estate at ASU's W. P. Carey School of Business, released a survey this week called the Repeat Sales Index. The report, which measures annual changes in average Phoenix-area home prices, estimated a 6 percent drop in average house prices from October 2009 to October 2010. That's up front a 4 percent decline noted in September and a 2 percent decline in August.
"It is accelerating," Guntermann said. "It's certainly not a good trend."
In January 2010, local home values were in significant decline, with a 9 percent drop reported in January versus the previous year, he said. Beginning in March, however, the decline halted, and values began to hold steady and even grow slightly, he said.
Guntermann attributed the leveling off to a homebuyers' tax credit offered by the federal government, which has since expired. The tax credit temporarily brought additional buyers into the market, he said, but now that it's gone, the demand has dissipated, Guntermann said.
"It could be a factor that buoyed prices," he said.
Bob Beamis, chief executive officer of the Arizona Regional Multiple Listing Service, which collects data on real estate transactions, agreed.
"There was an artificial spike when the first time homebuyer tax credit was put into place," Beamis said.
Pam Eagan, an associate broker with Realty Executives, at 45th Street and Chandler Boulevard, said prices for entry-level homes in Ahwatukee have dropped by a few thousand dollars, paralleling the lost return homebuyers realized from the tax credit program. Sales in the luxury market, meaning homes over $500,000, have been at a crawl for some time, she said.
"There really hasn't been much of a market for luxury homes," Eagan noted.
Beamis said high unemployment, combined with a large number of people with poor credit, means fewer buyers in the market.
"Your buyer pool has shrunk considerably, and that means lower demand," he said.
Guntermann said many of the bad mortgages from the housing market collapse have been cleared off the books, but foreclosures continue because of job losses resulting from the weak economy.
"I think it comes down to job creation," he said.
Terri Kimble, president of the Ahwatukee Foothills Chamber of Commerce, said that despite the downturn, new businesses continue to open here, including six restaurants expected by early next year. Those restaurants include the Hub Deli and Los Dos Molinos at Chandler Boulevard and 40th Street, Sushi Eye and the Public House Garage at Warner Road and 48th Street, Spinato's Pizza at Chandler Boulevard and Interstate 10, and Naked Pizza at Elliot Road and 48th Street, she said.
"Growth is happening. There are jobs to be found," Kimble said. "People here in Ahwatukee Foothills really need to take a look and shop local. We want to keep the businesses we have here in business, and not just at holiday time."
Guntermann said the downward trend is likely to continue for at least the next several months. Avondale, Goodyear and Surprise are the only Valley cities seeing year-over-year average home price increases right now, he said.
Contact Writer: (480) 898-7914 or firstname.lastname@example.org
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Though Nick Pope has already termed it “a genuine mystery”, as in previous cases the explanation here may be very mundane. Not a bird, not a plane but…
Let’s take a look first at another “mysterious” footage captured in Brazil in 2001. Notorious spiritualist leader Chico Xavier was hospitalized, and a cameraman captured a quick pair of lights that seemed to come from the sky directly to the window of Xavier’s room!
Shortly after this phenomenon was captured, Xavier’s health got “miraculously” better. He identified the light as the spirit of his own mother. Obviously, for a spiritualist leader, the light was a spirit.
Around a year later Xavier passed away, and local TV show Fantástico had the footage analyzed by the occasion. They quoted Ricardo Bárthem, physicist at the Rio de Janeiro Federal University:
“The most probable hypothesis is that it was a lens effect, as it’s not a light coming from the sky that was cast in the building, it’s not something bright wandering around that space. It seems to me it’s due to a moving object off camera, something that went around, reflecting the sunlight. The Sun is behind the building, so it’s shining over a car, something that passed behind the camera.”
That is, the moving specks of light are internal reflections of intense sources of light in movement off-camera, which were not recorded in the videos but were captured by the most external lenses of the camera. Probably not a bird, not a plane, just reflections.
Or perhaps it’s a coincidence that both Xavier’s “spiritual” light and BBC’s “alien” light were captured in the morning, with the Sun still low in the sky.
Considering these two cases are indeed simply reflections from the sun into windshields or some other surface, it’s interesting that the exact same original phenomenon is interpreted in completely different terms according to the social context.
At the hospital where a religious leader is being treated, the lights are understood and promoted by the general media as a possible spiritual manifestation. At a morning live TV show, they are classified as UFOs even by BBC.
Why a UFO couldn’t visit a religious leader in the hospital or the spirit or that leader’s mother couldn’t appear at a morning British TV show are questions only an inconvenient skeptic would ask.
Either way, both are very similar and could be explained as reflections of the Sun, making those considerations unnecessary.
Popularity: 3% [?]Posted in Ghosts,UFOs | 5 comments
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Booker T. Jones
||This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. (March 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)|
|Booker T. Jones|
Booker T, live at the Republic April 25, 2009 playing with the Dirty Dozen Brass Band
|Birth name||Booker Taliaferro Jones, Jr.|
|Also known as||Booker T.|
November 12, 1944 |
Memphis, Tennessee, USA
|Genres||R&B, instrumental rock, soul, electric blues|
|Occupation(s)||Musician, songwriter, producer|
|Labels||Atlantic, Stax, Anti-|
|Associated acts||Booker T. & the MGs, Dirty Dozen Brass Band, Stephen Stills, Otis Redding, Drive-By Truckers, the Mar-Keys, Rancid|
Booker Taliaferro Jones, Jr. (born November 12, 1944) is an American multi-instrumentalist, songwriter, record producer and arranger, best known as the frontman of the band Booker T. & the M.G.'s. He has also worked in the studios with many well-known artists of the 20th and 21st centuries, earning him a Grammy Award for lifetime achievement.
Booker T. Jones was born in Memphis, Tennessee, on November 12, 1944. He was named after his father, Booker T. Jones, Sr., who was named in honor of Booker T. Washington, the educator. Booker T. Jones, Sr. was a science teacher at the school, providing the family with a relatively stable, lower middle-class lifestyle.
Jones was musically a child prodigy, playing the oboe, saxophone, trombone, bass, and piano at school and organ at church. Jones attended Booker T. Washington High School, the alma mater of Rufus Thomas, and contributed with future stars like Isaac Hayes's writing partner David Porter, saxophonist Andrew Love of the Memphis Horns, soul singer/songwriter William Bell, and Earth, Wind, & Fire's Maurice White.
Jones's entry into professional music came at age sixteen, when he played baritone saxophone on Satellite (soon to be Stax) Records' first hit, "Cause I Love You," by Carla and Rufus (Thomas). Willie Mitchell hired Jones for his band, in which Jones started on sax and later moved to bass. It was here that he met Al Jackson, Jr., who he brought to Stax. Simultaneously, Jones formed a combo with White and Porter, in which he played guitar.
While hanging around the Satellite Record Shop run by Estelle Axton, co-owner of Satellite Records with her brother Jim Stewart, Jones met record clerk Steve Cropper, who would become one of the MGs when the group formed in 1962. Besides Jones on organ and Cropper on guitar, Booker T. and the MGs featured Lewie Steinberg on bass guitar and Al Jackson, Jr. on drums (Donald "Duck" Dunn eventually replacing Steinberg). While still in high school, Jones co-wrote the group's classic instrumental "Green Onions," which was a massive hit in 1962.
Bob Altshuler wrote the sleeve notes on the first Booker T. & the M.G.'s album Green Onions released by Stax Records in 1962:
- [His] musical talents became apparent at a very early age. By the time he entered high school, Booker was already a semi-professional, and quickly recognized as the most talented musician in his school. He was appointed director of the school band for four years, and in addition, organized the school dance orchestra which played for proms throughout the Mid-South. In the classroom, he concentrated on the studies of music theory and harmony. ... Booker's multiple activities earned him a coveted honour, that of being listed in the students' "Who's Who of American High Schools." Booker's first instrument was the string bass, but he soon switched to the organ. Booker came to the attention of record executive Jim Stewart in Memphis, and while still in high school he worked as a staff musician for Stax Records, appearing as sideman on many recording dates for that label. It became obvious that one day Booker would be ready to record under his own name and several months later Booker's first recording session was set.
Over the next few years, Jones divided his time between studying classical music composition, composing and transposition at Indiana University, playing with the MGs on the weekends back in Memphis, serving as a session musician with other Stax acts, and writing songs that became widely regarded as classics. He wrote, with Eddie Floyd, "I've Never Found a Girl (To Love Me Like You Do)," Otis Redding's "I Love You More Than Words Can Say," and, with William Bell, bluesman Albert King's "Born Under a Bad Sign" (later popularized by the cover version recorded by the British power trio Cream).
In 1970, Jones moved to California and stopped playing sessions for Stax after becoming frustrated with Stax's treatment of the MGs as employees rather than musicians. Even though Jones was given the title of Vice President at Stax before leaving, as he put it, "There were titles given (to us) but we didn't actually make the decisions." While still under contract to Stax, he appeared on Stephen Stills's eponymous album (1970). The 1971 album Melting Pot would be the last Booker T. & the MGs album issued on Stax.
Jones was married to Priscilla Coolidge in 1969, sister of singer Rita Coolidge. He produced Priscilla's first album Gypsy Queen in 1970; then the pair collaborated as a duo on three albums: 1971's Booker T. & Priscilla, 1972's Home Grown, and 1973's Chronicles, and Jones produced Priscilla's final solo album, Flying, in 1979 right as their marriage ended that year.
Making the charts as a solo artist in 1981 with "I Want You," he produced an album by Rita Coolidge, plus Bill Withers's debut album Just as I Am (on which Jones played guitar as well as keyboards), and Willie Nelson's album Stardust. Jones has also added his keyboard playing to artists ranging from the R&B/pop/blues of Ray Charles to the folk rock/country rock of Neil Young.
On June 18, 1985, Jones married Nanine Warhurst. They have three children together, and an additional five stepchildren from their prior relationships.
On March 1, 1995, Booker T. & the MGs won their first Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Performance for the song "Cruisin'". Jones still plays with the MGs and his own small combo called the Booker T. Jones Band. His current touring group includes Vernon "Ice" Black (guitar), Darian Gray (drums), and Melvin Brannon (bass).
In 2009 he released a new solo album, Potato Hole, recorded with the Drive By Truckers, and featuring Neil Young. He performed at the Bonnaroo Festival with Drive By Truckers on June 6, 2009, with a set including most tracks from Potato Hole as well as some Truckers tracks. On January 31, 2010, Potato Hole won the Best Instrumental Album award at the 52nd Grammy Awards.
Jones also played his B-3 on the track "If It Wasn't For Bad" from the Elton John and Leon Russell collaboration album titled The Union. The track was nominated at the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards for Best Pop Collaboration With Vocals.
In 2011, Jones released The Road from Memphis. The backing band included Questlove (drums), "Captain" Kirk Douglas (guitar) and Owen Biddle (bass) from the Roots as well as former Motown guitarist Dennis Coffey and percussionist Stewart Killen. The album features vocals by Yim Yames, Matt Berninger, Lou Reed, Sharon Jones and Booker T. himself, as well as lyrics contributed by his daughter/manager Liv Jones. Jones also recorded with party band the Gypsy Queens on their eponymous album.
Jones received an honorary doctorate degree from Indiana University's Jacobs School of Music at its 2012 undergraduate commencement. Jones originally attended Indiana University in the 1960s, even staying after his smash-hit Stax Records recordings.
Jones was featured on organ for singer Kelly Hogan on Hogan's 2013 release on Anti- Records, I Like to Keep Myself in Pain.
In June 2013, Jones released his 10th album, Sound The Alarm, on Stax Records after originally leaving the label more than 40 years previously in 1971. The album features guest artists Anthony Hamilton, Raphael Saadiq, Jay James, Mayer Hawthorne, Estelle, Vintage Trouble, Luke James, and Booker's son Ted Jones. That summer he performed at the TD Kitchener Blues Festival in Ontario.
Albums by Booker T.
See also Booker T. and the M.G.'s Discography.
- Evergreen (1974)
- Try And Love Again (1978)
- The Best of You (1980)
- I Want You (1981)
- Runaway (1989)
- Potato Hole (2009)
- The Road from Memphis (2011)
- Sound the Alarm (2013)
- Booker T. Jones (keyboards)
- Vernon "Ice" Black (guitar)
- Darian Gray (drums)
- Melvin Brannon, Jr. aka M-Cat Spoony (bass)
- Eagle, Bob; LeBlanc, Eric S. (2013). Blues - A Regional Experience. Santa Barbara: Praeger Publishers. p. 250. ISBN 978-0313344237.
- Booker T. Jones (February 7, 2012). "Lifetime Achievement Award: The Memphis Horns". Grammy.com.
- Bowman 1997, p. 36.
- Bowman 1997, p. 37.
- Ware, Vron and Les Back. Out of Whiteness: Color, Politics, and Culture, The University of Chicago Press, 2001, p. 245. Excerpt at books.google.com.
- Bowman 1997, p. 186.
- Megan Diskin, "Murder-suicide victim was sister of Rita Coolidge", Ventura County Star, October 5, 2014.
- "The Doors celebrate Grammy honour", BBC News, February 11, 2007.
- Mansfield, Brian. "Booker T. emerges from his 'Hole'", USA Today, January 15, 2009.
- Ventura Highway — The Gypsy Queens Feat. Dewey Bunnell, Booker T. Jones & Gerry Beckley, DR.dk.
- Eric R. Danton, "Soul Man Booker T. Jones Keeps Having ‘Fun’ (Song Premiere)", The Wall Street Journal, April 16, 2013.
- "TD Kitchener Blues Festival". The Scene, Allanah Pinhorn August 12, 2013
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Booker T. Jones.|
- Ware, Vron (2001). Out of Whiteness: Color, Politics, and Culture. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-87342-0.
- Bowman, Rob (1997). Soulsville USA: The Story of Stax Records. Music Sales Group. ISBN 0-8256-7284-8.
||This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. (December 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)|
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Egypt’s Hosni Mubarak gets life sentence
CAIRO — The life sentence imposed on toppled President Hosni Mubarak for complicity in the deaths of hundreds of protesters marks an unprecedented milestone in Egypt’s path toward democracy yet serves as a reminder of the political limitations challenging rebellions that have swept the Arab world.
Mubarak epitomized the calculating autocrat, and Saturday’s verdict reverberated across a region that has seldom seen the strong so precipitously tumble in popular revolt. But behind the image of the disgraced leader propped up on a stretcher in the defendants’ cage remains a nation not fully free of his grasp.
His generals are still in charge and one of his loyalists may become the next president. And while Mubarak, 84, was ordered behind bars, six top police officials were acquitted of murder charges and the deposed leader and his two sons were found not guilty of financial corruption charges.
In Egypt, jubilation continues to collide with despair, and victory is tempered by setback. Mubarak has yanked his country across a spectrum of emotion even as his fate represents a cautionary tale for kings moving to quell protests in Saudi Arabia and Bahrain and a despot seeking to crush rebellion in the bloodied villages and cities of Syria.
The verdict also serves as fresh fodder in the Egyptian presidential race between Ahmed Shafik, the last prime minister to serve Mubarak, and Muslim Brotherhood candidate Mohamed Morsi.
Brotherhood members joined thousands of protesters in Cairo’s Tahrir Square on Saturday evening to rail against a case that appeared to protect the heart of Mubarak’s police state by absolving ranking police officials in the crackdown on an uprising that last year resulted in more than 840 deaths.
“This is injustice,” said Safeya Sayed Shedid, whose son died in the rebellion. “Now the blood of all martyrs has gone for nothing.”
The months-long trial was marked by fistfights, recanting witnesses and conflicting testimony. Presiding Judge Ahmed Refaat said the prosecution’s confusing evidence failed to prove that the deposed leader ordered the killings, but the judge blamed him for not stopping the bloodshed.
In an impassioned indictment that distilled decades of suppressed national rage, Refaat said Mubarak ruled for 30 years “without a conscience and with a cold heart,” subjecting his people to poverty, shanty towns and dirty drinking water. He said Mubarak allowed Egypt, once the “beacon” of the world, to collapse into “one of the most deteriorated, backward countries.”
The courtroom hushed as the jurist, dressed in a green sash, his glasses sliding down his nose, said, “I will pronounce judgment ... in the name of God.”
He ordered Mubarak and former Interior Minister Habib Adli to prison for the remainder of their lives for the killings of demonstrators from Jan. 25 to Feb. 11, 2011. Mubarak, dressed in a striped shirt and tan jacket, his hair brightly dyed black, listened stone-faced behind dark sunglasses. Elsewhere in the courtroom, and across the country, cheers rose.
But, as with so many things in Egypt over the last 16 months, the euphoria was short-lived. The murder charges against the senior police officials — who had directly commanded security forces during the uprising — were dismissed. Further outrage swept the courtroom when Mubarak’s sons, Alaa and Gamal, who stood in white prison jumpsuits next to their father, were found not guilty of corruption charges. Similar offenses against the elder Mubarak were also dismissed.
Many said the proceedings amounted to a show trial orchestrated by the secretive military-backed government and remnants of Mubarak’s inner-circle. Legal experts said the acquittals increased the odds that Mubarak’s conviction would be overturned on appeal.
“This is an unjust, politicized verdict. If Adli was sentenced to life, then how on Earth did his aides get acquitted?” said Samir Helmi, a lawyer representing the families of victims. “The judge said that medical reports show injuries and bullets and yet he doesn’t consider those bullets to have been shot by police officers?”
The attorney added: “Was he waiting for the dead to come out of their graves and tell him personally?”
“God’s verdict is execution,” families of victims shouted in the court as a skirmish broke out and Refaat hastily left the bench.
Alaa Mubarak and brother Gamal, a banker once considered Egypt’s heir apparent, remained in custody under other corruption charges. Their father, an air force commander who became president after the 1981 assassination of Anwar Sadat, was wheeled out of the courtroom to a helicopter. He had been staying in an army-run hospital in what has been reported as relative luxury, but the prosecutor ordered his transfer to Tora prison hospital in south Cairo.
The state news agency MENA reported that Mubarak suffered a “health crisis” after the court session and was treated by doctors on the flight to the prison. Egyptian news reports said he wept and resisted leaving the helicopter.
The case marked the first time the leader of an Arab nation appeared in court on criminal charges after a popular revolt. Former Tunisian President Zine el Abidine ben Ali was tried in absentia after fleeing to Saudi Arabia, and ousted Libyan dictator Moammar Kadafi was killed while in the custody of rebels. Longtime Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh negotiated an end to his rule and remains free.
Mubarak’s verdict comes amid a polarizing presidential runoff election campaign and battle over the drafting of a new constitution. Shafik, who once referred to Mubarak as his role model, is in a tight race with the Brotherhood’s Morsi in the June 16-17 election.
The contest pits a secular law-and-order retired fighter pilot against an influential voice in a rising political Islam, delineating the fault lines across an Arab world where the legacies of autocrats are being shaken by forces they once easily manipulated. Yet Mubarak’s state — built so completely around him for decades — remains formidable: The generals he appointed head the ruling military council, and millions of Egyptians weary of unrest and suspicious of Islamists make up the core of Shafik’s support.
“We can still see Mubarak and his regime in all aspects of our social and political life,” said Amal Khairy, a human relations manager. “Those in charge of the country are all Mubarak’s men promoting the same agenda as Mubarak. Starting from the military council to the lowest civil servant, they are all using the Mubarak way.”
The army, accused of numerous human rights abuses, has promised to turn power over to a civilian government by July. But the voices of the young secular activists who ignited the uprising have been muted against maneuverings by larger established forces. It has been clear for months that the rebellion that ousted Mubarak lacks a unifying vision to shape a new Egypt.
Judge Refaat recalled a more inspiring time. Before reading a verdict that would lay bare the nation’s divisions, he conjured last year’s dangerous winter days when Egyptians took to the streets. His words seemed overly demonstrative, as if he had to remind a nation, much of which is again preoccupied with day-to-day living, of Mubarak’s downfall and arrest.
“The peaceful sons of the homeland emerged from every deep ravine with all the pain they experienced from injustice, heartbreak, humiliation and oppression,” he said. “Carrying the burden of their suffering on their shoulders, they marched peacefully toward Tahrir Square ... demanding only justice, freedom and democracy.”
The judge suggested that the trial was a sign that the ideals of the revolution were being fulfilled. The court heard 250 hours of trial testimony and read through 60,000 documents. Refaat said he and his co-judges had not “rested for more than 100 days,” adding that “this has been a fair trial ... applied to the letter of the law.”
But others saw flawed proceedings and the design of a coverup.
“The verdict is disastrous and a mockery of judicial guidelines,” said Mohamed Maqboul, a lawyer for the families of victims. “What Mubarak and Adli got are appealable verdicts and will eventually be suspended. This is just a series of farcical shows in order to appease public opinion.”
By sunset, thousands of Egyptians had flocked to Tahrir Square, the iconic ground that launched a revolt that has yet to bring stability. They chanted and they cursed, not knowing, once again, where to put their trust.
Hassan is a news assistant in The Times’ Cairo bureau.
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IntroductionBelow are some listings of resources in the US to help finance assistive technology such as wheelchair accessible vans, adaptive technology and computer programs that can assist those with special needs as well as the accessories needed to help you achieve your goals to name just a few. Getting loans is currently the most sought-after solution for financing business ventures but hopefully the information below will provide those in the assistive technology niche an alternative. If you have suggestions or some new resources, please send them to email@example.com. We will get them up on the this page as soon as possible.
Be aware that you will have to make a number of contacts and be persistent in contacting the resources as well as being specific as to what you needs are. It is useful to have a this all written down as many of these organizations will require written documentation as to the specifics of what you are asking for assistance with, and the needs of the person who will be the direct recipient of the benefits of this assistance.Not all organizations listed will provide direct assistance, but they are good organizations and may well be able to help find resources that can provide direct help in the areas needed.
Financing Accessible Vans - Courtesy of AMS Vans
Student Financial Aid - If you are seeking aid for a student with a disability, go to our page at http://www.icdri.org/Financial%20Aid/finaid.htm and check out the resources listed there.Bad credit credit cards At Better Credit UK you can find advice on how to improve your credit rating and sources of loans and credit cards regardless of your credit history as well as obtain your free credit report.
Compare payday loan lenders online and acquire a fast loan to take of that emergency or overdue bill.
Need a used wheelchair van? Service, Selection and Value are what set these used handicapped van dealers apart from all the other mobility van dealers.
Resources and Suggestions
General Resources and Suggestions
Federal Credit Union
Assistive Technology Funding and Systems Change Project
For Florida the e FAAST
Business Service organizations
They often like to take up this type of project. It's a little phone work for you, and will requite some persistence, but it could pay off with more what you are originally seeking. Sometimes these groups do respite car, take the person to church, involved kids with disabilities in activities, have support groups etc.
Local Religious Organizations
United Cerebral Palsy Web
Also, there is a page on the UCP Web site to help get funding for assistive technology. Check out Assistive Technology Funding and Systems Change Project (ATFSCP) ( http://www.ucp.org/ucp_channeldoc.cfm/1/12/69/69-69/979 )
Resources Specific to a condition
Multiple Sclerosis Society
In order to find you local MS Organization, go to http://www.nationalmssociety.org/site/PageServer?pagename=HOM_FIND_homepage and follow the instructions on the page.
Muscular Dystrophy Association
National Spinal Cord Injury Association
In order to find a chapter in the area in which you are interested, go to http://www.spinalcord.org/ and follow the link labeled Local Resources by State. Follow the directions on the screen.
Student Financial Aid
Student Financial Aid
Contact wheelchair-accessible-vans at 1.866.775.Vans (8267) to buy or trade in your mobility van?
Copyright © 1998
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Guest speaker, Rev. Kristen Muse of Hayes Barton Baptist Church in Raleigh.
With what shall I come before the Lord and bow down before the exalted God? Shall I come before him with burnt offerings, with calves a year old? Will the Lord be pleased with thousands of rams, with ten thousand rivers of olive oil? Shall I offer my firstborn for my transgression, the fruit of my body for the sin of my soul?
He has shown you, O mortal, what is good. And what does the Lord require of you? To act justly and to love mercy and to walk humbly with your God. Micah 6:6-8
People from the Negev will occupy the mountains of Esau, and people from the foothills will possess the land of the Philistines. They will occupy the fields of Ephraim and Samaria, and Benjamin will possess Gilead. This company of Israelite exiles who are in Canaan will possess the land as far as Zarephath; the exiles from Jerusalem who are in Sepharad will possess the towns of the Negev. Deliverers will go up on Mount Zion to govern the mountains of Esau. And the kingdom will be the Lord’s. Obadiah: 19-21
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Physicians, researchers, nurses, and other health professionals are experts in their profession, but they might need a little help writing for certain publications with very specific requirements, or with writing for patients who might have lower literacy skills or different learning styles.
Juliette Siegfried (MPH), Laurel Avery, and Barry Wright are medical writers and editors who create informative, accurate, and interesting materials for health professionals and for the public. Most importantly, however, is our process for developing materials that are tailored to the specific needs of our audience.
Juliette has specific training and experience in the creation of patient education materials for readers with low literacy skills and for patients of various ethnic backgrounds. We can write original patient education materials at an easy-to-read level or we can convert higher level reading materials into something that’s easier to understand or that is tailored to a specific demographic. We also write for more highly educated patients and for health professionals themselves. This is why one of the first steps of our writing process will be to learn about your target audience, so that we can develop appropriate materials that will speak to that population group, be it health professionals or patients, older or younger people, more or less educated patients, or those with specific cultural or ethnic backgrounds.
Medical and Health Writing Samples
We have extensive experience writing patient education articles, reports, press releases and blogs using keywords and SEO. We currently provide articles to physician practices all over the US on a variety of topics including cardiovascular health, sleep apnea, venous disorders, chiropractic care and general health. We also provide articles in Spanish.
Books and Book Chapters
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If these lawyers were his jury, they would be hung on the decision of whether or not Adnan is guilty. Instead, he has been in prison since 1999, when he was a 17-year-old child. Unless something changes dramatically, Adnan will die in there.
Adnan was sentenced to life plus 30 years. But release on parole for a life-sentence is almost non-existent in Maryland. Parole recommendations in Maryland must be approved by the governor. In the past decade, no one serving a life sentence in Maryland has been approved for parole. So there is little meaningful difference in Adnan’s sentence and life without parole.
In focusing on Adnan’s case, Serial host Sarah Koenig highlighted a number of issues related to the practice of sentencing children to life without parole. The United States is alone in imprisoning children without parole. There are approximately 2,500 individuals serving life without parole for crimes committed as kids and thousands of others who received sentences like Adnan’s Like Adnan, most teens who receive these extreme sentences are youth of color. Many kids who received these extreme sentence were represented by lawyers who had no experience in dealing with the specific needs of youthful defendants.
Adnan’s case demonstrates how children differ from adults. The U.S. Supreme Court, recognizing these developmental differences, has scaled back the use of extreme sentences for children. The Court also has said that the unique characteristics of childhood -- such as children’s susceptibility to peer pressure, increased impetuosity and inability to judge risk and consequences in the same way as adults – must be considered in the context of sentencing. None of these factors were considered when Adnan was sentenced to die in prison.
The series will end on Thursday. Regardless of the finale, Adnan remains in prison, as do the thousands of other kids who received sentences like his. If only the solution were as simple as pulling together a few lawyers to talk informally.
Jeff Howard Legal Director Campaign for the Fair Sentencing of Youth fairsentencingofyouth.org
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Brantford, Ont. painter Dave Wilson said he had always wanted to cross the country by bicycle. “And then I realized that a lot of people do it for a cause,” he said.
Thus, after he had secured a proper bike and cashed in several years worth of tax returns, Mr. Wilson settled on an little-known eight-syllable spinal arthritis: Ankylosing spondlylitis. A obscure cause of childhood back pain, the condition was undiagnosed in Mr. Wilson for more than 20 years.
Although he is hoping to bring in $100,000 for the Arthritis Research Foundation, “if one person in their teens can get diagnosed with AS and get proper treatment, as opposed to waiting until they’re 30 and missing out on their 20s, I don’t care if I don’t raise any money,” he said, speaking by phone from somewhere near the Quebec/New Brunswick border.
More than 25 years after the likes of Terry Fox and Rick Hansen established the continent-crossing hero as a national icon, the act of running from Newfoundland to the West Coast has become a virtual national pastime. Every years, dozens of runners, walkers and cyclists dip their toe in the ocean and then set off on an epic 8,000 kilometre journey for causes ranging from everything from lupus to Parkinson’s disease. But while the Trans Canada highway will host countless tales of endurance and sacrifice this summer, are they really the charity juggernauts their organizers assume?
As Mr. Wilson moves west, his path will likely cross with Mike Strange, a former Olympic boxer who, in April, began running west from the spot outside Thunder Bay where Fox was forced to abandon his Marathon of Hope in 1981. Or maybe Troy Adams, a brain injury survivor, who is two months into a nine-month run across Canada for brain injury awareness.
Not to mention untold packs of fellow cyclists heading from ocean to ocean for Parkinson’s, suicide awareness and Boys and Girls clubs.
Or Vincent Gabriel Kirouac, who is crossing the country on horseback in full knightly regalia to raise awareness of chivalry. “I’m crossing Canada on horseback dressed as a knight, to remind people of the values of long ago, such as devotion,” he told Postmedia.
In 1976, as a promotional move for the upcoming Canada Summer Games in St. John’s, Newfoundland, mayor Dorothy Wyatt enlisted acclaimed local runner Bren Kelly to fly to B.C. and jog the country from end to end. At the time, the feat was so unique, that in four months Mr. Kelly was granted audiences with Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, Quebec premier René Lévesque and B.C. premier W.A.C. Bennett.
When he arrived into St. John’s “People wanted my shirt, my socks, my sweat pants,” said Mr. Kelly, now a school principal in Whitehorse, Yukon.
However, it was not until Fox that the feat would ascend to legendary status. “I’m often asked “how come you’re not as famous as Terry Fox?’” said Mr. Kelly, who met Fox in 1980 while he was preparing for the Marathon of Hope.
“I’m still convinced, even 35 years after I met him, that he was on a mission. In his heart of hearts, I think he knew that he wouldn’t be around long,” he said.
The Marathon of Hope was “laden with so much emotion, [it] elevated the cross Canada marathon to a new level,” wrote Fox biographer Leslie Scrivener in a letter to the Post.
The same could be said for Rick Hansen, who, in 1985, embarked on a worldwide tour for spinal cord research. “What the Hansen tour did was lay out the possibility that it COULD be done, and that if it worked for the disabled community, then why not for other areas of need?” wrote Jim Taylor, a sports writer and Hansen biographer, in an email to the Post.
Of course, while both men raked in millions for their respective causes – and kicked off massive charitable campaigns that stand to this day – the average cross-Canada marathon still remains an economist’s nightmare.
Eric Crampton, a senior economics lecturer at New Zealand’s University of Canterbury, says he has no problem turning down the marathon pledges of friends and colleagues – particularly when they boast that they have trained upwards of 40 hours for an upcoming event.
“[Most] participants could do more for their chosen cause by taking a part-time job or putting in overtime, donating the results to charity, and hitting up their friends to join in and do the same,” he wrote in an email to the Post.
“It’s not all that different from Canadian accountants flying out to the Philippines to work on Habitat for Humanity projects: They could hire a couple dozen trained carpenters with what they’re spending on airfares, but they wouldn’t get the trip to the Philippines or the warm fuzzy feelings,” he added.
In May, 2011, runner Scott Cannata set out from St. John’s, Newfoundland with the aim of collecting $70-million for cancer research in a marathon-a-day journey across Canada.
Eight months later, Mr. Cannata arrived in Port Renfrew, B.C. having only generated $40,000. The run cost Mr. Cannata $22,000 for a support vehicle, 19 pairs of runners and other expenses, yet the sum raised is only about $10,000 more than what the average Canadian worker would have earned in the same time period.
Since May 9, Alick Brooke and Guy Bourassa have been riding on horseback from Edmonton to Halifax in a bid to raise money to combat child exploitation. Setting out with a goal of $1 million, as of June 22 the pair’s website only counted $7,500.
“It is kind of puzzling that people do this,” said Christopher Olivola, a post-doctoral fellow at the U.K.’s Warwick Business School and a researcher on the science of charitable giving. “After all, the act of running itself doesn’t generate money, so why would you give to someone who is running a marathon instead of doing something else?”
After months of experiments looking to zero in on the answer, Mr. Olivola coined the term “Martyrdom Effect,” the idea that donors are more willing to contribute to a fundraiser who is suffering for a cause.
One experiment gathered together groups of test subjects and gauged their willingness to donate money to a woman riding her bike across the New Mexico desert as a fundraiser for African refugees. Half the groups were told that the woman actually came to enjoy the cross-desert trek, while the other groups were told that she found it a miserable ordeal. Perhaps unsurprisingly, the “miserable ordeal” groups pledged more money.
Another study gave group participants $5 and asked them to do decide how much they would keep and how much they would donate into a communal pot that would then be doubled and redistributed to the rest of the group. Under normal circumstance, group members would put about $3 into the communal pot, but amazingly, if they were told that they could only donate if they first immersed their hands in ice cold water for one minute, their contributions actually increased. “People find a donation to be more meaningful when it’s tied to all this pain and effort,” said Mr. Olivola.
Tellingly, of the nearly one dozen statues of Terry Fox across Canada, each shows the runner mid-stride, his face twisted with equal parts agony and determination.
In between Fox and Mr. Hansen, one-legged runner Steve Fonyo briefly captured the limelight with his Journey for Lives and raised $13-million for cancer research, but he was to be the last: In the years since the market has become too flooded for any one fundraiser to come close to breaking eight figures. “If you have martyrs left and right all the time, the novelty wears off,” said Mr. Olivola.
“For all the heart and soul put into the current efforts by walkers, runners, bikers, diabetics, blind, etc., they’re essentially on their own, and their efforts generate nothing more than slow-news-day sidebars,” wrote Mr. Taylor. “That’s not likely to change.”
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While attending the XVI Summit of La Francophonie in Madagascar, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau today announced that the Government of Canada will provide $112.8 million for international aid projects that will benefit several African countries and Haiti.
This funding will contribute to projects that aim to fight climate change, empower women, and protect their rights. It will also be used to stimulate economic growth, which will create job opportunities for young people and women, and to counter terrorism and prevent radicalization.
During the Summit, the Prime Minister held discussions with his counterparts from countries of La Francophonie on issues related to the Summit’s theme – Shared Growth and Responsible Development: Conditions for Stability Around the World and Within La Francophonie.
The Prime Minister also highlighted that Ontario has been granted observer status in the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF). This bolsters Canadian representation in the OIF and will provide greater exposure for Franco-Ontarian communities on a global scale.
“Canada’s participation in the Summit is in keeping with our desire to revitalize our commitment to La Francophonie and Africa. Working together with other member and observer States and governments, we can better address the numerous challenges that face members of La Francophonie, from climate change, to gender inequality, to human rights – including LGBTQ2 issues. Canada congratulates Madagascar on a successful Summit of La Francophonie.”
– Rt. Honourable Justin Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada
- Africa plays a leading role within La Francophonie. The previous two summits (Kinshasa in 2012 and Dakar in 2014) took place in Africa. African countries account for 29 of the 54 full members.
- In addition to Ontario, La Francophonie also welcomed Argentina and South Korea as observers, and New Caledonia as an associate member.
- The governments of Quebec, New Brunswick and Ontario are represented at the XVI Summit of La Francophonie respectively by premiers Philippe Couillard and Brian Gallant, as well as by Marie-France Lalonde, Minister responsible for Francophone Affairs (Ontario).
Distributed by APO on behalf of Canada – The Prime Minister’s Office.
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AHA BHA PHA refers to the three hydroxy acids that are found in various substances in nature, namely Alpha Hydroxy acids, Beta Hydroxy acids, and Poly Hydroxy acids.
Alpha Hydroxy Acids are generally used for exfoliation, as they help break down the bonds between skin cells to allow them to be cleaned easily. Since AHA can smoothen the skin and reduce fine lines and wrinkles, they are perfect for people with aging skin.
Glycolic acid, derived from sugars, and lactic acid, derived from milk and Mandelic acid is derived from bitter almonds.
Like the AHA, Beta Hydroxy Acids too are exfoliators; however, they have a slightly different method of action and offer some different benefits. BHA is able to penetrate the skin more deeply to bestow its beneficial effects on it.
The most commonly used BHA is salicylic acid, which is derived from willow tree bark, wintergreen oil, and sweet birch. Salicylic acid is present in aspirin.
Citric acid, derived from citric fruits such as lemons, oranges, etc can be an AHA or a BHA.
The PHA or Poly Hydroxy Acids is the latest addition to the family of hydroxy acids that are used in skincare. PHA is not much different from the AHA, in terms of both the molecular structure and mechanism of action. Like the latter, it too breaks down the bond between cells to help with exfoliation. And it also shares the hydrating properties of AHA.
The only difference is that PHA has a larger molecular size than AHA, this means it does not penetrate the skin as fast as AHA. This leads to less irritation of the skin, if there is any.
Some of the commonly used PHA include lactobionic acid (derived from the lactose in milk), galactose (a simple sugar), and gluconic acid (naturally found in cells).
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In response to the House of Lords report on the UK's aid target, Andrew Mitchell reaffirmed Britain's commitment to the world's poorest people.
“We welcome the Committee’s ringing endorsement of the tough reforms the Coalition Government has made to get maximum value for money from British aid.
“The British Government makes no apologies for sticking to its commitments to the world’s poorest people.
“Spending less than one per cent of our national income on aid - an internationally agreed target - will create a safer and more prosperous world for the UK. And it will get 11 million children into school, vaccinate 55 million children against preventable diseases and stop 250,000 newborn babies dying needlessly. Going back on this promise would cost lives.”
The International Development Secretary has previously confirmed the UK will spend 0.7% of Gross National Income (GNI) on international development from 2013, making it the first country in the G20 to keep this promise.
Highlights from the report
The report recognises the department’s new direction, highlighting:
- The focus on economic growth as a key way to combat global poverty
- The essential emphasis on the role of the private sector in development
- The concentration of our direct aid programmes to 27 countries - a reduction in the number of countries we work in - to help increase the impact of aid
Commenting on the effectiveness of Britain’s aid programme, the report notes:
“…expert opinion is virtually united in agreement that DFID enjoys an outstanding reputation internationally as an effective aid agent.
“It has refined the Government’s approach to aid over a number of years. Now, under an energetic Secretary of State, it is taking direct action to deal with points made by aid critics by for example, increasing its emphasis on promoting private investment and on containing unrestricted budgetary support.”
What are others saying?
Microsoft founder and co-chair of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
“I’m concerned by the Committee’s report regarding the government’s aid budget. The UK leads the world in delivering smart, targeted aid - I’ve seen for myself on the ground the incredible impact of its life-saving investments.
“Abandoning the 0.7 target risks undermining the incredible progress that has been achieved over the last several years. Well-targeted UK aid has helped save millions of lives by rolling back the malaria and HIV epidemics and bringing the world closer to eradicating polio once and for all and we are on the brink of some more tremendous breakthroughs.
“I commend the UK Government for its steadfast commitment to the world’s poor.”
**Lord Paddy Ashdown
**UNICEF UK President
“Scrapping the 0.7% commitment would not make aid more effective it would simply deny vital assistance to millions of poor and vulnerable people throughout the world.
“Long-term development aid means that we can reduce the amount we have to spend on humanitarian emergencies and will help millions more children go to school and live to celebrate their 5th birthdays. The UK should retain its principled position as one of the global leaders for the world’s poorest children.”
**Oxfam, Head of Policy
“Reneging on our aid promises would deprive millions of the world’s poorest people of life saving medicines, clean water and the chance to go to school.
“The Committee is guilty of presenting a false choice between delivering high quality aid and increasing its quantity - the Government can and should do both.
“Ministers deserve real credit for keeping our commitments to the poorest during these tough times - it is one of the things that allows Britain to hold our head high on the world stage.”
Save the Children, Chief Executive
“Cutting UK aid will cost lives, threatening 1.4 million children and 50,000 mothers.
“UK aid works. It is part of our DNA as a country and it is in our interest.
“The Lords Committee is wrong to call for the UK to break its solemn promise to the world’s poor.”
ONE Campaign, Europe Executive Director
“The Lords Committee has chosen to ignore the evidence of the impact UK aid will have. If we maintain our commitment to the 0.7% aid target, as the Chancellor and Prime Minister have promised to do, British aid will provide over 80 million children with vaccines against life-threatening diseases, saving an estimated 1.4 million lives.
“It is absolutely right that aid programmes must be as smart and effective as possible, but it is simply wrong for the committee to suggest that the 0.7% target will result in a lack of focus on effectiveness and value for money.
“DFID has made a lot of progress in reducing corruption, improving transparency and accountability, and ensuring better outcomes. It also has a clear plan for how it will use 0.7% to help the poorest people in the world.”
WaterAid, Chief Executive
“Thanks to international aid and development efforts over the last two decades 2 billion more people now have access to life saving safe water. By meeting our international commitment to spend 0.7% of our national income on aid Britain can rightly lead from the front to champion getting water to 783 million who are still waiting for it.
“This would be a landmark achievement in human history and it is just as much in Britain’s interests to be in the forefront of this effort as it was to lead the campaign to abolition of slavery.
“The Department for International Development has some of the most rigorous and transparent checks in place anywhere in the world as to how UK aid is spent, including setting up Independent Commission for Aid Impact. The Secretary of State Andrew Mitchell has been a relentless champion for making sure taxpayers money spent on aid represents real value for money and generates real improvements in the lives of the poorest people around the world.”
Christian Aid, Senior Governance Adviser
“The UK has long been seen as a leader in international development, and maintaining the pledge to deliver on the 0.7% target, which all major parties have signed up to, will enhance our ability to lead on broader questions of international development policy by joining the group of countries that meet the 0.7% threshold.
“In Scandinavian countries, where the 0.7% threshold has been achieved, the discussion has shifted away from how much to give, to focus instead on how well it could be used.
“The Committee also failed to understand that money spent in aid on development projects now can help minimise the amount spent on humanitarian aid in future. It is estimated that for every £1 spent on preventing disasters, £4 is saved in responding to them.
World Vision UK, Director of Policy
“The Lords are simply wrong to call for the Government to drop this commitment. Aid is a matter of life and death for millions of people living in poverty and we are calling on the Government to stand by their promise and not be blown off course by this.
“Nobody wants to see life-saving money wasted which is why we and other NGOs work so closely with the Government to ensure value for money and results for people in poverty.
“But the two go hand in hand. Driving to raise standards without investing the money will mean that many more people will needlessly suffer.”
UNICEF UK, Executive Director
“You don’t break a promise you make to a child. Over the past 20 years development aid has meant that 4 million fewer children will die this year, 33 million children have had the chance to go to school for the first time and 4 million more people have access to live saving drugs for HIV/AIDS.
“There is no greater example of the effectiveness of long-term aid than the fact we could eradicate Polio within the next five years. We have three years left to meet the Millennium Development Goals. Now is not the time to turn our backs on children who need our help the most. We call on the Government to keep it’s commitment to the 0.7% aid spending target.”
VSO, Chief Executive
“We welcome the Committee’s recognition that funding for international development has made a real and lasting impact. For years, VSO volunteers have seen the difference it makes in the poorest parts of the world. Millions of people have been lifted out of poverty.
“With Governments around the world failing to meet the 0.7% target, it is vital that the UK sticks to its commitment and sends a strong message to the international community that cutting support to the world’s poorest people is unacceptable.
“The UK has always been a champion internationally for ensuring high quality aid that delivers real results. The recent establishment of the Independent Commission for Aid Impact, and the scrutiny it brings to the Department for International Development’s work, is just another example of this.”
SightSavers, Director of Policy
“The UK’s aid programme has a long history of supporting poorer countries to lift their people out of poverty. DFID has already proven that it is able to scale up its investments whilst leading the world in terms of aid effectiveness and it should be allowed to continue to do so.
“It’s also disappointing to hear that the committee is recommending the Government break its commitment to spend 0.7% of GNI on aid. Aid helps to ensure that the world’s most disadvantaged people, including those who are disabled, are able to access health, education and other essential services to help them build a brighter future. Spending this small percentage on development is a pledge we have made and one we can afford to keep.”
Children’s Investment Fund Foundation, President and CEO
From the Children’s Investment Fund Foundation’s (CIFF’s) experience, working in the development sphere offers exceptional cost effective impact and potential for transformational change at scale. We have further developed conviction that ensuring health and education benefits, as DFID is so effectively doing, is central to achieving global security and fostering the new markets that ultimately enable economic growth in developing markets as well as at home.
The UK Government through DFID has embraced the conditions for high value investing–thoughtful targeting of resources, clear and effective accountability, transparency, and willingness to engage with partners who can bring the greatest impact and efficiencies to the delivery of overseas aid including, increasingly, the private sector. They have been leaders in raising the bar for the development community at large. CIFF supports and recognises their international leadership on this front and view this as a vital and highly leveraged path to ensuring both progress in the development sphere and reaping the broader benefits of security and economic growth we seek at home.
The results we’re achieving
Find out how Britain’s aid programme is changing lives:
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methodologically inaccurate studies, even if their biased results are replicated in different settings and by different authors, should not be the driving force in conducting randomized trials. The scientific evidence on the potential beneficial effects in new indications of existing drugs will need to be more carefully assessed before embarking on long and expensive unsubstantiated trials. Abbreviations: CABG coronary artery bypass surgery CHD coronary heart disease COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease GRPD General Research Practice Database HRT hormone replacement therapy ICS inhaled corticosteroids LABA long-acting beta(2)-agonist PTCA percutaneous transluminal coronary Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical angioplasty RCT randomized controlled trial WHI Women’s Health Initiative Footnotes
Conflict of interest: No potential conflict of GABA assay interest relevant to this article was reported.
Sudden cardiac death Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical caused by a ventricular arrhythmia is a disastrous event, especially when it occurs in young individuals. Among the five major arrhythmogenic Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical disorders occurring in the absence of structural heart diseases is catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), which is a highly lethal form of inherited arrhythmogenic disease characterized by adrenergically mediated polymorphic ventricular tachycardia.1–4 In response to physical activity or emotional stress, this disease is characterized by episodes of syncope, seizures, or sudden death.1,2 CPVT was first described as a case report by Reid et Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical al.5 who reported on a bidirectional ventricular tachycardia triggered by physical effort
and emotional stress in a 6-year-old girl (who survived a cardiac arrest) with no evidence of any structural heart disease. Later on, in 1978 and 1995, Coumel et al.6 and Leenhardt et al.7 reported a series of cases in familial as well Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical as in sporadic forms of the arrhythmia and introduced the term catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) to refer to a disease characterized by adrenergically mediated bidirectional and/or polymorphic nearly ventricular tachycardia in the absence of cardiac pathology. In 2001, Priori et al.8 and Lahat et al.9 identified mutations in the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) and cardiac calsequestrin (CASQ2) genes, respectively, underlying autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive forms of the disease. RyR2 is a cardiac Ca2+ release channel located on the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane and has a key role in the process of calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) during the excitation–contraction (E–C) coupling.10,11 CASQ2 is a high-capacity, low-affinity Ca2+-binding protein, operating as a major Ca2+-buffering factor, and together with RyR2 forms the SR Ca2+ release unit.
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Violet is a new exhibition by photographer and Trebah gardener James Meredew
Saturday 16 July - Wednesday 31 August
Having worked at Trebah for over 10 years, James is now showing several bodies of work created within the garden.
Exhibiting for the first time is the ‘Trebah Garden at Night’ images; a series of photographs made at night using a flash gun throughout 2019.
Using both photography and film, the show will also play videos James has made using camera traps at night to document the wildlife that inhabit the garden. As well as this, is a series of portraits of the gardeners and volunteers that have contributed to Trebah over the years.
“I feel very grateful to be a gardener at Trebah and even more so to be constantly inspired to take photographs of the natural world, learn about the garden, its environment and history.”
Having studied photography at University, James now runs a publishing project called Ancient Magic Editions specialising in photography books and prints.
The exhibition is free to view with your pre-booked garden visit.
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Democracy in Central Asia: Supporting Kyrgyzstan’s “Island of Democracy”
With its two revolutions in 2005 and 2010, Kyrgyzstan is often dubbed Central Asia’s “island of democracy.” Surrounded by autocratic dictatorships and heavily dependent on Russian political and economic support, Kyrgyzstan appears to some pundits to be no more than a pawn in Russia’s “Great Game” ambitions in the region, leading many to conclude that democracy in Central Asia is not sustainable. But Kyrgyzstan has so far proved resistant to one-man rule, and few people in Kyrgyzstan see autocracy as inevitable. Since one of the highest priorities for US foreign policy is supporting the growth of accountable government and democracy in the world, it is worth reflecting on Kyrgyzstan’s experience and its future prospects as a lesson in what is possible for the spread of democracy in the most difficult regions of the world.
Early Success in Transitioning to Democracy
When I arrived in Bishkek in May 2011, Kyrgyzstan was still very much in the midst of its latest democratic transition following the April 2010 revolution. A constitutional referendum and parliamentary elections in 2010 gave interim President Roza Otunbayeva’s government necessary legitimacy. The 2011 presidential elections solidified the democratic transition to a new regime under President Almazbek Atambayev. The success of these three largely free and fair early elections was an early win for democracy, but the new government faced enormous challenges in low governance capacity, absence of rule of law, rampant corruption, human rights challenges, and external pressures. The tragic interethnic violence that killed nearly 500 people in Kyrgyzstan’s south in June 2010 exposed the government’s tenuous control of its regions, nearly started a war with Uzbekistan, and left the government with the long-term challenge of overcoming the now greatly widened gulf between Uzbeks and Kyrgyz in the south.
During this time, the United States and the international community provided millions of dollars in critical assistance in drafting a new constitution, supporting badly needed reforms to electoral legislation, providing immediate, foundational support to the new Parliament, and promoting security initiatives throughout the country. Our assistance had been in decline in the period before 2010, but was rapidly bolstered in a “democracy dividend” of fast-deploying, flexible programming, which focused on the immediate needs of electoral support and security in the south. This support was critical to helping the government with these early transitions.
Entrenched Structural, Geopolitical and Legacy Challenges Remain
We have slowly shifted our focus over time to long-term assistance to support Kyrgyzstan’s underlying governance challenges. Critical reforms are needed in sectors such as energy, law enforcement, and governance. Moreover, Kyrgyzstan remains a deeply impoverished country, making economic growth a central concern. But these long-term, structural issues are not easy and pose an equal challenge to the growth of democracy as did the short-term transitional problems following the revolution. Soviet-era thinking, corruption, and a lack of transparency are pervasive and entrenched in both society and the political elite, which has remained largely in place since Soviet times despite political upheavals. While we see signs of hope in the younger generation, change is incremental. And so while Kyrgyzstan’s people largely supported the 2010 revolution, they remain disappointed with the lack of improvement in their daily lives. Nostalgia for the Soviet Union remains high in the older generation, while many in the younger generation gravitate to cynicism or, in a small minority of cases, religious extremism.
Another challenge to our efforts to support Kyrgyzstan’s democracy is its growing partnership with Russia. Confronted with a sea of internal and external challenges, President Atambayev has forged a strong partnership with Russian President Putin, seeing Russia as one of his few options for much needed assistance. This partnership has had its impact on our efforts, leading to the closure of the United States military presence at the Transit Center at Manas International Airport, while Russia retains its Kant Air Base outside of Bishkek. On a range of other issues, Kyrgyzstan’s new leadership would welcome a partnership with the United States, but places a priority on its relationship with Russia, which often comes at our expense. It remains an unanswered question how Kyrgyzstan can maintain its democratic trajectory while pursuing this partnership. President Atambayev’s decision to enter the protectionist Customs Union by the beginning of 2015 exemplifies this challenge. Both officials and business leaders appear unenthused, but resigned to this choice, seeing a lack of better options. Strong US and European support for democratic transitions in Georgia and Ukraine fuels the impression locally that Kyrgyzstan must “go it alone” in Central Asia, even though our assistance levels for Kyrgyzstan are the highest in Central Asia.
Along with political influence, Russia enjoys heavy cultural influence in Kyrgyzstan, both through legacy Soviet institutions and through Russian media. Most of Kyrgyzstan’s people get their news from Russian-language sources. In particular, following the crisis in Ukraine, the strident anti-American tone taken by Russian propaganda has crystallized local public opinion around Moscow’s narrative of events there. Although the domestic media remain free and diverse, they are far from professional and can be easily influenced by powerful political leaders. Kyrgyzstan’s open society remains one of its great achievements, but its media need to make significant strides to make to become a true pillar of its democracy.
Reasons for Hope
Despite the enormous challenges, Kyrgyzstan’s democracy has weathered many storms. Although most experts focus on the 2005 and 2010 revolutions, Kyrgyzstan parted ways with its Central Asian neighbors upon independence in 1991. In contrast to the other Central Asian states, Kyrgyzstan replaced its Soviet-era leader with a political outsider, Askar Akayev. Akayev, a physicist by career, had almost no political experience and had spent many years of his career teaching and conducting research in Leningrad. In the early years of independence, Kyrgyzstan developed a relatively open society with a vibrant civil society, even if it failed to develop its economy or initiate significant structural reforms. Over time, Akayev became more autocratic, leading to his ouster in 2005. The cycle repeated with his successor, Kurmanbek Bakiyev. Thus, Kyrgyzstan has developed on a different trajectory from its neighbors since 1991, giving us reason to believe that it will continue to do so. Most notably, this includes the historic peaceful transition of power from President Otunbayeva to President Atambayev in 2011, a first in Central Asia.
One of the most significant products of these 20 plus years of a relatively open society is Kyrgyzstan’s vibrant, professional, respected, and fearless civil society, which has successfully weathered the anti-democratic storms. Our core investment in civil society over the past 20 years successfully “seeded” civil society organizations (CSOs) that not only survived the lean years of the late Akayev and Bakiyev presidencies, but unified the sector’s voice. They now act as a key government partner, when given the space. Consistent, multi-year engagement with these organizations—including the Coalition for Democracy and Civil Society, Interbilim, Foundation for Tolerance International, and Association of Civil Society Support Centers—also helped ensure that key pro-civil society voices ascended to influential positions in Parliament, the President’s Office, and relevant ministries. Civil society is also widely represented in Public Advisory Boards, a type of oversight and advisory committee attached to over 40 government ministries and agencies. In recent years, home-grown CSOs have made significant contributions on supporting democracy and human rights, de-escalating interethnic conflict, fighting corruption, eliminating torture and supporting a free media. In short, Kyrgyzstan’s civil society has deep roots and is well organized to protect democratic gains.
Engagement with the country’s growing cadre of increasingly tech-savvy youth—more than half of the population is under the age of 30—presents opportunities to more effectively promote democratic gains. Bishkek is the home to the American University of Central Asia (AUCA), our long-term hope for building pro-Western critical thinking in Central Asia. AUCA was funded originally by the United States government in consultation with the Open Society Institute. Over the last 23 years, AUCA has become the most prestigious university in the country. Its language of instruction is English and it graduates 200-300 liberal arts students who carry a Bard College degree and the ability to think critically along Western-oriented lines. English language learning is also a national priority and English language programs present an opportunity to build the capacity of Kyrgyzstani citizens to compete in the global economy, as well as to address drivers of instability in the country. With a rapidly growing Internet penetration rate, nearly universal access to mobile phones, and the ubiquitous use of mobile-based applications, youth are increasingly influenced by the rising tide of non-traditional news and information sources. Kyrgyzstan’s youth will chart its own course, but hungers for access to information and the world.
Most of our Kyrgyz partners, including President Atambayev, assure me that the people of Kyrgyzstan will not tolerate one-man rule, reflecting their over 20 years of shared experience with a more open model of government. Few if any Kyrgyz express envy of their neighbors in Kazakhstan, who enjoy a higher standard of living, but want for democratic freedoms. Even President Atambayev appears to realize that his predecessors made a mistake in closing the democratic space, which led to their eventual downfalls. He constantly reaffirms his desire to step down in 2017 as mandated by the constitution, but worries about what will come after him.
With the closure of the Transit Center at Manas after 13 years of supporting our mission in Afghanistan, policymakers and taxpayers may wonder why a poor, land-locked country of five million matters to the United States. But as Secretary Kerry has said: “It’s no coincidence that the places where we face some of the greatest national security challenges are also places where governments deny basic human rights and opportunities for their people.” Central Asia’s only democracy remains a fragile success facing serious risks of economic under-development, low governance capacity, absence of rule of law, rampant corruption, human rights challenges, and external pressures. But since gaining independence Kyrgyzstan has charted a course different from that of its Central Asian neighbors, one that the United States should continue to support as a beacon of hope in the region.
United States Ambassador to the Kyrgyz Republic
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To feed Bones or not feed Bones, that is the question!
The Pack has gnawed on hundreds (and probably thousands) of Bones over the years. One time I went out and collected over 265 Bones from the yard (and then made landscape art with them).
Time and again I have witnessed the enjoyment and satisfaction Pups derive from chewing real Bones and I feel that the benefits far outweigh any risks.
When Pups are given fresh, new Bones, their People need to stay close and monitor the chewing. As well as making fetching jewelry, marrow Bones can get caught around bottom jaws; I’ve removed several over the years. Bones with lots of ‘joints’ in them can separate into smaller pieces–Rrrroscoe once had one of those pieces impaled on a back tooth and couldn’t paw it loose. He realized he was having difficulty and fortunately by then liked me enough to let me help. Another time Sedona, a Greyhound, managed to get the flat Bone she had been systematically devouring stuck in the roof of her mouth. With a row of pointy teeth on either side, the Bone was the perfect size to wedge right in there. The odd way she was using her tongue and pawing at her mouth alerted me to the problem. Thankfully Sedona allowed me to stick a digit in her mouth and pry the piece from her palate—it was not an easy task.
Pay Attention! As Bones become reduced in size, be ready to trade a biscuit for any sharp, small pieces that could potentially cause harm. And remember, like anything else, too much is too much. Domesticated Dogs shouldn’t be allowed to devour Bones the size of their heads in one session–doing so can overtax the body’s processes and organs and make the Pups quite ill.
Hooves are also a favorite! If you live in Arizona or Colorado, Suzie’s Doggy Delights has the most awesome hooves for sale! I am not a big fan of chicken necks, chicken feet, or turkey necks for Dogs. The experiences with these three items have not been pleasant.
Please do not leave your chewing Pups unattended.
See more happy Pup pics: Toys
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How the eHealth record works
Where will the information come from?
Your eHealth record will grow over time, as more healthcare organisations connect to the system and authorised healthcare professionals are able to add clinical information.
Once you have set up your eHealth record, you will be able to view information that is already collected by Medicare, such as healthcare services received through the Medicare Benefits Scheme (MBS), dispensed prescription details from the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS), immunisation records from the Australian Childhood Immunisation Register (ACIR), and organ and/or tissue donation preferences contained in the Australian Organ Donor Register (AODR).
If you want to, you can add personal information such as:
- emergency contact details
- medicines you are taking — including non-prescription medicines and natural or herbal treatments
- contact details of the holder of your advance care directive if you have one set up.
Once healthcare organisations are connected, you will be able to request that your nominated provider (usually your GP) sets up a Shared Health Summary. This key part of your eHealth record will include:
- an overview of your medical history
- allergies / adverse reactions
- medicines prescribed
With your permission, registered healthcare professionals who are connected to the system can look at and add to this information.
For more information about the national eHealth record system visit www.ehealth.gov.au.
How will my information be kept up to date?
Once your healthcare provider connects to the system, every time you visit them information from that consultation can be added to your eHealth record. Each new entry to your record will be held as a new document, with key summary information pulled out and used to update the overall picture of your health.
Most of the information added to your eHealth record will be in summary form only.
If you find that information on your record is incorrect, you will be able to ask the healthcare provider to correct it, or have it removed from your record. You will also be able to ask your healthcare provider not to add information about a particular event to your eHealth record.
Who can see my information?
The doctors, nurses and other healthcare professionals who are involved in your care will be permitted to access your eHealth record.
In an emergency situation, a healthcare professional will be able to check your record without your permission. This will only be allowed in line with the relevant laws, and if it is believed that your (or other people’s) health or safety is at risk.
You can allow family members, carers or other people you trust to access your eHealth record. And of course you will be able to see all the information that is in your own eHealth record.
How safe is my information?
- Your eHealth record will be protected by strict security measures and audit procedures.
- You will be able to check which healthcare organisations have been looking at your eHealth record and what changes have been made.
- If you think someone has looked at your record without your permission, you can contact the helpline on 1800 723 471.
- If you think there is an error in your information, you can ask the healthcare provider to correct it or have it removed from your record.
You can find more information on privacy and security for the eHealth record system at www.ehealth.gov.au
How do I get my eHealth record?
You can register for an eHealth record from July 2012.
Your local Medicare office can help you set up your record, or you can phone the eHealth helpline on 1800 723 471.
Where can I find out more?
Or call the eHealth helpline on 1800 723 471.
For people from non-English speaking backgrounds, the eHealth information brochure — An easier way to share your health information — is available for download in the following languages:
- Arabic & English
- Chinese (Simplified) & English
- Chinese (Traditional) & English
- Greek & English
- Italian & English
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In this tutorial, I'll show you how to create a surreal photo manipulation featuring a man with a tree head.
First, we'll create a background with field and sky and then add the model and do some retouching on him. Later we'll add the tree, cloud and lightning and blend them with the rest using adjustment layers, masking and brushes. After that, we'll paint the rain and raindrops as well as combining the leaves into the scene. We'll use several adjustment layers to enhance the final effect.
The following assets were used during the production of this tutorial:
1. Add the Field and Sky
Create a new 2000 x 1581 px document in Photoshop with the given settings:
Open the field image. Take the field only using the Rectangular Marquee Tool (M) and drag it into the white canvas with the Move Tool (V):
Click the second icon at the bottom of the Layers panel to add a mask to this layer. Use a medium-soft black brush to soften the edge of the field:
Go to Layer > New Adjustment Layer > Hue/Saturation and set it as Clipping Mask. Bring the Saturation value down to -12:
Use a Curves adjustment layer to darken the field. On this layer mask, use a soft black brush to reduce the darkness on the edges of the field:
Drag the sky image into our main canvas and place this layer under the field one.
2. Add the Model
Open the model image. Cut out the body only and place him in the middle section of the field:
Add a mask to this layer and use a very small medium-hard black brush to trim the legs area to make him look as if he's standing between the grass blades:
Go to Edit > Puppet Warp to correct the legs pose a bit. The aim is to increase the space between the legs:
Use a Hue/Saturation adjustment layer to change the model color:
Create a new layer, change the mode to Overlay 100% and fill with 50% gray:
Activate the Dodge and Burn Tool (O) with Midtones Range, Exposure about
20-30% to reduce the light on the shoulders, and draw more details and
wrinkles for the trousers.
3. Add the Tree
Open the tree image. Drag the tree into our main document using the Move Tool. Place this layer under the man one.
Add a Hue/Saturation adjustment layer and change the Master settings:
Make a Color Balance adjustment layer and adjust the Midtones values:
Create a Curves adjustment layer to reduce the contrast of the tree. On this layer mask, use a soft black brush to remove the effect on the top of the tree—it should be brighter than the rest (as it gets light from the lightning):
4. Add the Cloud
Open the cloud image. Take the cloud on the lower right with the Lasso Tool and set the feather radius to 15. Place this selection above the tree:
Add a mask to the cloud layer and carefully remove the blue background using a medium-soft black brush. You can use a tablet pen to achieve a more accurate result.
The light and shadow on the cloud don't fit the background. To correct it, create a Curves adjustment layer and reduce the lightness. Paint on the lower right of the cloud to make the effect visible only on the top left.
Add another Curves adjustment layer to brighten the top right a bit. Paint on the left so that it isn't affected by this adjustment layer.
Use a Hue/Saturation adjustment layer to desaturate the cloud:
5. Add the Lightning
Drag the lightning image into our main document and place it in the space between the tree and cloud. Change this layer mode to Screen 100%:
Use a layer mask to remove the edges and limit the lightning area within the cloud:
Create a Levels adjustment layer and increase the shadow value. This step is to remove most of the background of the lightning.
Use a Hue/Saturation adjustment layer and bring the Saturation value to -100:
6. Make the Rain
In this stage we'll be making the rain. Create a new layer on top of
the layers and change the foreground to
#ededed. Select a hard brush and
press F5 to change the settings of this brush:
Use this brush to paint random vertical lines inside the space from the cloud to the tree.
Flip it vertically by choosing Edit > Transform > Flip Vertical:
Go to Filter > Blur > Motion Blur:
Use a layer mask to remove some rain effects outside the cloud and tree area.
Duplicate the rain layer many times and decrease the distance of the Motion Blur filter on the duplicated layers, from 20 to -15, -12, -10 for example, and also reduce the size. It will create some depth and a natural look for the rain.
Create a new layer and use the same brush to paint the raindrops and splashes on the tree and shoulders. Vary the brush size to achieve a better result.
a new layer and grab several selections on the man's shirt using the
Lasso Tool, setting the feather for it to 2 px. Fill them with the color
#d2d1cb (picked from the shirt):
Change this layer mode to Multiply 100% to create the wet effect on the man:
Make a new layer and use a soft brush with the color
#ededed to paint
under the cloud, above the lightning area, to add more light to this.
Change this layer mode to Soft Light 100%.
7. Add the Leaves
Open the leaves image. Select a leaf and add it to the main document. I've placed it on the left and used Control-T with the Warp mode to bend it as shown below:
Go to Filter > Blur > Gaussian Blur and set the Radius to 8 px:
Add more leaves to the scene using the same method. Vary the size and the blur radius to increase the depth of field.
Make a group for the leaf layers and change the group mode to Normal 100%. Use a Hue/Saturation adjustment layer and change the Master settings:
Add a Curves adjustment layer and increase the lightness.
Here are the results after working on the layer mask. We're aiming to make the main light in the center, so you know how to mask off the leaves.
8. The Final Adjustment
Create a Color Balance adjustment layer and change the Midtones and Highlights settings:
Make a Color Fill layer and pick the color
#150231. Change this layer mode to Exclusion 100%:
Make a Curves adjustment layer and increase the contrast:
Create a Photo Filter adjustment layer and pick the color
Add another Curves adjustment layer to darken the scene more. Paint on the middle and the model to reveal the light there:
Make another Color Fill layer and pick the color
#01080d. Change this layer mode to Subtract 100%.
Duplicate this layer and change the mode to Normal 40%. Use a layer mask
to paint on the middle to create a subtle vignette effect:
Congratulations, You're Done!
I hope that you've enjoyed my tutorial and learned something new. Feel free to share your ideas or comments in the box below—I'd love to see them. Enjoy Photoshopping!
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Albert Podell, a former editor of Playboy magazine, did what all of us fantasize about but very few achieve: He traveled to all 196 countries on Earth.
It took him 50 years. On the way he was chased by water buffalo, broke a few bones, ate weird foods, and was arrested, robbed, and almost lynched. But he lived to tell the tale in a new book, Around the World in Fifty Years: My Adventure to Every Country on Earth.
Talking from his home in New York, he addresses the thorny issue of what constitutes a country, pinpoints the best place to eat barbecued mice, explains why smartphones are making young people less adventurous, and tells us why his favorite place is still the United States.
Frank Zappa famously said, “You can’t be a country till you have a beer and an airline.” It’s not that simple, is it?
Frank Zappa’s quote also added that it helps to have a nuclear weapon, but the beer is the main thing. [Laughs]
So what is a country? The 1933 Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States lists five criteria for being a country. But what it really comes down to these days is what the five superpowers agree is a country. Everybody acknowledges that all members of the UN, all 193 of them, are countries.
Most people will also acknowledge that Taiwan is a country, but unfortunately it is not a UN member because it’s been blocked by China. Kosovo is also a country, but again it’s not a UN member, because it’s been blocked by Russia. Vatican City, despite its small size and population, is a recognized country. However, the Holy See has decided that it can operate better diplomatically if it maintains its observer status at the UN, rather than full membership. So those are the 196.
Are you the only person mad enough to have done this? Or is there a 196 Club?
Good question. There is no club. There is a group that calls themselves the “World’s Most Traveled People.” These are usually a bunch of rich guys with yachts; they’ll go to the Philippine archipelago or Indonesia, where there are about 10,000 islands, and each time they stop at an island, they put another notch on their belt.
There are other people who count as a country everything that has ever been a country. But I only count as countries entities that are countries today. For that reason I took the U.S.S.R. off my list, East Germany, and South Vietnam.
There is no international body to organize this, so it’s very hard to tell who has been to every country. I’ve been trying to find a colleague, a soul mate, for several years. My friend, Tony Wheeler, the founder of Lonely Planet, says he has found three people who say they have been to every country. I have checked out two other people who made the claim. I don’t want to use the word “cheated,” but they copped out. They didn’t go to Somalia. They went to Hargeisa, the capital of Somaliland, but Somaliland is not a recognized country.
You came from a family in Brooklyn who never traveled farther than Boston. What went wrong?
[Laughs] I just felt there had to be a more interesting way to live than never traveling. I started collecting stamps at age six. I was fascinated by these bits of colored paper, and early on decided I wanted one from every country. I was fascinated by where these artifacts came from and all these different animals and cultures.
Then, around age eight, I started reading, guess what? National Geographic. And I got hooked on foreign countries. I said, “I have to go and see all these places.”
Your life in travel started with a different world record. Tell us about your marathon car journey.
I had been an editor of a magazine called Argosy, a men’s adventure, hunting, and fishing magazine. I had sent writers on all sorts of assignments: by dogsled across Greenland, by bicycle from Cairo to Capetown.
After three or four years I said, “Enough of this vicarious stuff. I’ve got to get out there and do it myself.” So I joined forces with one of our writers. We recruited three other people and formed what I called the Trans World Record Expedition. The idea was to set a record for the longest uninterrupted automobile journey around the world.
Other trips, mostly made by Brits, took a route from Paris to Peking. But the Earth bulges more at the Equator, so we believed if we drove closer to the Equator, we could set a new record for the distance.
We shipped to Cherbourg, in France, went south to Morocco, and drove across North Africa. We stayed as close to the Equator as we reasonably could despite the wars and various incidents that interfered.
It took us a lot longer than I thought. I had estimated six to eight months. But it took us 581 days, and only two of us finished—my co-leader, Steve, and I. One chap was killed by the Vietcong in Cambodia, and two people succumbed to tropical diseases and dropped out.
I’ve been to 72 countries, but my wife always says I cheat because I add places where I have just changed planes. What’s your criterion for having “visited” a country?
I hate to say that you cheated, but I think, by my standards, you probably did. My standards are these:
1. It has to be a recognized country at the time you go there.
2. You must have a visa or enter legitimately.
3. You must get a passport stamp.
4. and 5. They can be a little flexible, but my feeling is you should at least go to the capital, stay at least 24 hours, and if possible cross the country in one direction.
You need to make it a real visit. When you change planes, you don’t normally go through customs, so I do think your wife is right. You picked a smart woman. [Laughs]
What was the single scariest moment you had during your travels?
No question. When I came within one minute of being hung in East Pakistan. My expedition had crossed into East Pakistan several hours before the war with India started in 1965. We got to Dhaka, the capital of what was then East Pakistan—now Bangladesh—and heard there was going to be a march by the Pakistanis against the the U.S. Information Agency because we had supplied a lot of military equipment to India.
I wanted to take some photographs. There was this wonderful building situated catty-corner across the street with wide balconies and a balustrade I could hide behind to take photos. So I ran across the street, up four floors, got out on the balcony, and was about to start taking pictures when I was grabbed by two soldiers. It turned out the building was the Pakistani Ministry of Defense. [Laughs]
They dragged me into a room where there were about 40 civil defense workers chanting, “Indian spy! Indian spy! Hang him! Hang him!” Then the janitor went out. He came back with a stout rope, threw it over a rafter, fashioned a noose, and put the noose around my neck. That looked like it was going to be the end.
You have a unique system for rating countries. Tell us about PPPR.
PPPR is the Podell Potty Paper Rating System. You can spend hours looking at these studies that are issued by the World Bank and the IMF. But I found the surest way to know where a country ranks economically and socially is to go to a public bathroom and check the toilet paper.
I have seven rankings, starting with the best, which is soft white. From soft white it goes down to hard white; hard brown; purple, green, and other colors; to torn-up newspaper; to no paper at all, just a little bucket of water.
The lowest ranking, which is a seven, is when there are no public toilets. The only place I have tentatively given a number seven ranking to is my hometown of New York City. [Laughs] In the entire city, I’m only aware ofthree public toilets.
You ate some pretty outlandish fare on your journeys. Go on, horrify me.
I’ll eat almost anything except endangered species. I ate the brain of a live monkey in Hong Kong. I ate old camel meat, which just slithers around in your mouth and coats it with grease.
One of my two biggest challenges was to eat a mouse. In Malawi, they eat mice. But no one in Malawi would tell me where I could find grilled mice because they regard it as a vestige of colonial times when people were so poor they had to dig them out of their holes and eat them.
Finally, on my last day, I found an old chap who, for $10 [U.S.], agreed to take me out to the country to a barbeque where they served whole mice. We got there at 4:00 p.m. The guy doing the barbecue was cleaning up. “I don’t know about your American eating habits,” he scolded me. “But in Malawi, we only eat mice for lunch. And we’re closed now.” [Laughs uproariously]
My son’s generation—he’s 28—isn’t drawn to adventure as we were. Why do you think that is? And what are they missing?
Very good question. First, they get a lot of their adventure vicariously from video games. They’re also used to having the world literally at their fingertips with the Internet. If they want to see what Paris looks like, there are 20 or 30 webcams around Paris they can look at.
I think another reason they’re not so adventurous is that there is so much turmoil in the world. I’m not a sociologist, but I think it would be a fascinating study to see why they are so cautious. This pertains particularly to American kids. The young travelers I encountered came from countries like New Zealand, Australia, Germany, France, Canada, or Great Britain. Americans are nervous about going out into the world and laying it on the line.
What are the biggest changes you observed in 50 years of travel?
The biggest changes I’ve observed are that it’s gotten much more difficult for this kind of travel. When we made our trip around the world in 1965-66, we commented that it was more difficult for us than it had been for Marco Poloto get all the way across to China, despite the improved road conditions and the fact that we had a 4 x 4.
In the ensuing 50 years, it’s gotten really worse. Let’s assume you want to go in my tire tracks. I don’t think you’d survive in Syria or Iraq today, with ISIS. I don’t think you’d get through Afghanistan. Forget about Yemen; the Houthis have taken over Yemen. South Sudan, which is the most recent country in the world to become independent and I had high hopes for, is going to hell in a handbasket. Somalia is still touch and go. It’s a hairy place out there.
The other big change I’ve noticed is the attitude of foreigners toward the U.S. When I first went abroad in the ’60s, it was almost unadulterated adulation. They really appreciated that we had helped to rebuild Europe and other countries after WWII, and that we were the bulwark of democracy, opposing the “evil” Soviet Union. Now that the “evil empire” is no longer with us, and instead there are a multitude of smaller evils, we are the big kid on the block. And a lot of countries resent us.
One major positive change I noted is in Africa, where they still feel ecstatic about the election and reelection of President Obama. They are enthralled with the idea that the rich and powerful U.S. can elect a black man as President. It means that if they were to emigrate here and have children, their children could become President. It also shows that we really believe in democracy.
It’s a question I’m sure everyone asks: What is your favorite country?
If you really push me, my favorite country is the U.S. We have some of the most spectacular scenery in the world: the redwoods, Glacier National Park, Mount Rainier, the foliage trails of New England. We are a heterogeneous society. In New York, you can see people of every race, creed, and color in the world, all getting along.
But if I had to pick countries, I’d go with Nepal and Switzerland for scenery. For food, I would go with Vietnam, Thailand, and France. For culture I would go with France, England, Spain, and Egypt.
source: nationalgeographic.com By Simon Worrall
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NATURAL SOAP WITH AMBER & 24K GOLD
- Dry skin
- All skin types
Gold was always on the most wanted list of humans. Pirates have hunted it. Monarchs have exploited it. Jewelers have sold it. But where did gold come from? Research by the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics suggests that the Earth’s supply of gold originated from collisions of dead stars and has been present in the dust from which the Solar System formed. Because the Earth was molten when it was formed, almost all of the gold present in the early Earth is thought to have sunk into the planetary core. Therefore, most of the gold that is in the Earth’s crust and mantle is thought to have been delivered to Earth later, by asteroid impacts, about 4 billion years ago.
Amber is wrapped in even more mysterious stories. Since people learned to use amber, which happened more than 8000 years ago, attempts have been made many times to unravel the mystery of its origin. Both scientific works and folklore have come up with versions that have rarely met halfway.
Some researchers were, for example, convinced that amber was hardened oil, others tended to consider amber as fossilised honey of wild bees. Hypotheses were also put forward that amber was sea-foam that had hardened under the influence of sunbeams; amber was considered to be a product of vital functions of forest ants, solidified “sun ether”, mountain oil, earth mineral fertiliser and so on.
Ancient peoples endowed amber itself with supernatural qualities. Some primitive tribes used articles from amber in their magic rites. Amber amulets were worn as protection from diseases and against being killed in a battle. People believed that amber “pulled out” a disease from the body and attracted good luck. It was believed that amber adornments averted misfortune, guarded against the evil eye, brought luck in love, and made a man stronger and cleverer.
Apart from exaggeration, amber undoubtedly has a positive impact on the nervous system, its sunny colour is pleasant to see, and touching its warm smooth surface is not only enjoyable but it helps one to concentrate. Its properties bring multiple benefits to the body. Amber oil isused to clean the pores, has anti-aging properties and stimulates cell renewall. It is capable of improving elasticity and manage skin conditions.
The sophisticated perfume of ROYAL GARDEN natural soap is like a late summer walk through an exotic garden filled with blossiming flowers of delicate bitter-fresh neroli, enchanting top notes of sweet orange, touched by a pale undetrone of cedarwood. The golden hour before the sunset warms up the dominant, sweet and musky breeze of luxurious amber.
“We are stardust,
We are golden
And we’ve got to get ourselves
Back to the garden.”
– Joni Mitchell
- Covered in a 24-karat gold foil, ”Royal Garden” brings liquid colloidal gold as its main ingredient to help your skin look beautiful, young and healthy.
- Contains oils that protect and nourish the skin. They help the skin form a protective shield that is proven to be effective against premature aging.
- Amber essential oil, whose benefits have been known from ancient times, acts as a biostimulant and antiaging for the skin cells.
- It cleans the skin very gently, leaving a luxurious, warm fragrance imbued with precious essential oils of amber, neroli, sweet orange and cedar.
INGREDIENTS: olive oil, coconut oil, shea butter, thermal water, colloidal gold, argan oil, seabuckthorn oil, neroli essential oil, sweet orange essential oil, cedar essential oil, amber essential oil, 24K gold foil
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://skin-novels.com/shop/royal-garden/
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The solution is filtered off, boiled till free of sulphuretted hydrogen, and ammonium chloride and ammonia added.
Reference has already been made to such systems in the case of ammonium chloride.
White Ribbon Remedy was found to be made of milk sugar and ammonium chloride.
On being heated, ammonium chloride dissociates into ammonia and hydrogen chloride.
Similarly, we might expect some stripping action by ammonia and ammonium chloride, with the formation of chrome ammonia complexes.
Densite: alkaline nitrates, trinitrotoluene, dinitrotoluene, and ammonium chloride.
So far, therefore, ammonium chloride behaves like calcium carbonate.
Double decomposition occurs with the formation of ammonium chloride and sodium bicarbonate.
No dung bate is used, but the goods are washed with water and bated with ammonium chloride and boric acid.
The sodium chlorate and ammonium chloride are dissolved in 6½ gallons and the copper sulphate separately in 5½ gallons water.
|ammonium chloride |
A white crystalline compound used in dry cells, as a soldering flux, and as an expectorant. Also called sal ammoniac. Chemical formula: NH4Cl.
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<urn:uuid:b0c3f7ec-d189-41ce-b989-79282d4c9bd8>
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CC-MAIN-2016-44
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http://www.dictionary.com/browse/ammonium-chloride?qsrc=2446
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| 0.900073
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WASHINGTON — New jobless claims jumped far more than expected last week in an already dismal labor market, and there's no relief in sight for workers as mass layoffs persist.
The Labor Department reported Thursday that the number of newly jobless workers seeking benefits rose last week to a seasonally adjusted 626,000, from the previous week's upwardly revised figure of 591,000. The latest total is far more than analysts' expectations of 583,000.
That's also the highest since October 1982, when the economy was in a steep recession, though the work force has grown by about half since then.
The numbers reflect the large spate of layoffs announced last month by companies from all sectors of the economy, including Caterpillar Inc., Pfizer Inc. and Microsoft Corp. The layoffs continued Thursday with cosmetics maker Estee Lauder Cos. saying its fiscal second-quarter profit fell 30 percent and it plans to begin a four-year restructuring plan that will include cutting 2,000 staffers, or 6 percent of the work force. The company will also continue its hiring freeze.
Economists expect the government to issue a grim report Friday that will show the unemployment rate rose to 7.5 percent in January, up from 7.2 percent in December. That would be the highest rate in 17 years.
The housing slump and financial crisis have hammered spending by businesses and consumers, sending the economy into a recession that is expected to continue until at least the second half of this year.
The recession's impact was visible in other economic data Thursday. Factory orders fell by 3.9 percent in December, the Commerce Department said, a record fifth straight drop.
For all of 2008, orders for everything from autos to computers to food rose by only 0.4 percent, the weakest showing since orders actually fell by 1.8 percent in 2002.
Meanwhile, many retailers reported dismal January sales. The malaise crossed the spectrum of retailing, from department store chains to teen clothing chains.
Wet Seal Inc., Stage Stores Inc. and Children's Place Retail Stores Inc. were among those posting deeper-than-expected sales declines.
Wal-Mart Stores Inc., the world's largest retailer, was a notable exception, reporting sales that beat Wall Street's forecast, as shoppers continued to focus on necessities like groceries.
Wall Street reversed early losses and showed gains in afternoon trading. The Dow Jones industrial average added more than 70 points and broader stock indicators also rose.
Laid-off workers are having a harder time landing new jobs as companies impose hiring freezes in addition to job cuts.
The number of people that remained on the unemployment compensation rolls increased slightly to nearly 4.8 million, the Labor Department said, most since records began in 1967. The continuing claims data lags the number of new claims by one week.
As a proportion of the work force, the number of people receiving unemployment benefits is at the highest level since August 1982. But that doesn't include an additional 1.7 million people receiving unemployment insurance through an extension of benefits Congress approved last year, which brings the total to about 6.5 million.
The extension provides up to 33 additional weeks of benefits, on top of the 26 weeks typically provided by states.
The Labor Department said in a separate report that productivity rose at an annual rate of 3.2 percent in the final three months of last year, far above the 1.1 percent rise that economists had expected.
Productivity, which is the amount of output per hour of work, jumped because the number of hours worked during the period plunged faster than output declined. That reflected the massive wave of layoffs that occurred during the fourth quarter.
Unit labor costs, meanwhile, edged up at a 1.8 percent annual rate, far lower than the 2.9 percent rise that had been forecast. The results underscored how the deepening recession has removed the threat of inflation.
But more mass layoffs were announced this week. On Wednesday, Botox maker Allergan Inc. and Time Warner Inc.'s cable division announced large job cuts. A day earlier, PNC Financial Services Group, airplane maker Hawker Beechcraft Corp., Liz Claiborne Inc., King Pharmaceuticals Inc. and aerospace company Rockwell Collins Inc. announced layoffs. General Motors Corp., meanwhile, said it will offer buyouts to all of its hourly workers.
Macy's Inc. said Monday that it would eliminate 7,000 jobs.
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CC-MAIN-2016-44
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|
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Equation of Cauchy Transparent
The earliest dispersion formula was established by Cauchy (1836) who set up simple empirical dispersion law. The “Cauchy Transparent” dispersion works best when the material has no optical absorption in the visible spectral range and consequently generally has a normal dispersion which means a monotonous decreasing refractive index with increasing wavelength in this way:
(1) 1 < n(λred)< n(λblue)
The following equation connects the refractive index to the wavelength (in nm):
Equation of Cauchy Absorbent
A second formulation of the Cauchy model is the "Cauchy Absorbing" dispersion and it is more suitable to describe the optical properties of weakly absorbing materials. Here a non-zero extinction coefficient is given in an expression similar to the previous used for the refractive index:
Three parameters are used in the equation of the Cauchy transparent model and 6 parameters in the Cauchy absorbing model.
Parameters describing the refractive index
(4) 0 < | C | < | B | < 1 < Α
Three parameters describe the extinction coefficient.
Cauchy’s formulation cannot be easily applied to metals and semiconductors. The parameters used do not have any physical meaning and therefore, these empirical relations are not Kramers-Kronig consistent. From first principles, the Kramers-Kronig relation relates the index of refraction and extinction coefficient parts; it means they are not independent quantities. In other words, if the value of the extinction coefficient is known over the entire spectral range, the index of refraction coefficient can be calculated.
Cauchy Transparent function
Fig. 15: Optical properties of SiO2given by the Cauchy transparent Function
Cauchy Absorbent function
Fig. 16: Optical properties of SiN given by the Cauchy absorbent Function
The Cauchy model is used for transparent materials like insulators, glasses exhibiting no or very low optical absorption in the Far Ultra Violet.
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<urn:uuid:b0b74583-1a60-4520-a8f1-2423600c31d6>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.horiba.com/aut/scientific/technologies/spectroscopic-ellipsometry/cauchy-dispersion-module/
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|
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| 0.819026
| 437
| 3.6875
| 4
|
YOSHIDA Masafumi Kumamoto Univ., Faculty of General Education, Natural Sci. Dept., Assoc. Prof., 教養部, 助教授 (10040114)
TANAKA Akira Kumamoto Univ., Dept. of Chem., Instructor, 理学部, 助手 (50163499)
SANEMASA Isao Kumamoto Univ., Dept. of Chem., Prof., 理学部, 教授 (60040119)
|Budget Amount *help
¥5,700,000 (Direct Cost : ¥5,700,000)
Fiscal Year 1990 : ¥400,000 (Direct Cost : ¥400,000)
Fiscal Year 1989 : ¥5,300,000 (Direct Cost : ¥5,300,000)
Cyclodextrins (CyDs, cyclic oligosaccharides consisting of six, seven, or eight glucopyranose units, called alpha, beta, or gamma, respectively, with a central cavity of the corresponding size) have attracted interests of many workers due to their unique properties. It is well-established that CyDs (hosts) form inclusion complexes with a variety of molecular species (guests) in aqueous medium. In this host-guest association, the size (and shape) and hydrophobicity of a guest moecule play an important role.
We have recently found that beta-CyD is easily precipitated from aqueous solution upon introducing cyclohexane vapor into the solution. There is a possibility that, When hydrophobic solutes are present in the aqueous solution, these solutes may be coprecipitated with CyD. The present research is concerned with this possibility using 8 kinds of aromatic hydrocarbons with a view to develop a new method to concentrate hydrophobic solutes from water to the CyD solid phase.
Aqueous sample s
olutions were prepared by adding each aromatic hydrocarbon of known concentration to 3.0X10^<-3> mol dm^<-3> beta-CyD aqueous solution. Then, cyclohexene vapor was introduced into the sample solution and circulated in a closed system for two minutes. The aqueous phase becomes turbid owing to CyD precipitation just after introduction of cyclohexene vapor. The CyD solid phase was collected and the recovery of sample hydrocarbon was determined. It was found that anthracene, Phenanthrene, fluorene, fluoranthene, and pyrene are coprecipitated with CyD almost quantitatively, but this is not the case for highly volatile solutes such as benzene, biphenyl, and naphthalene. The mechanism of the present coprecipitation of aromatic hydrocarbons with CyD was discussed based on the data of 1 : 1 association constant of each host-guest system.
The present research is also concerned with the determination of association constant of a series of aromatic hydrocarbons with alpha-, beta-, and gamma-CyDs.
A new technique was also proposed in this research. That is, hydrophobic solutes such as Fe (III) -8-hydroxyquinolate, Ni (II) -dimethylglyoximate, and some non-volatile aromatic hydrocarbons can be extracted onto a polytetrafluoroethylene film surface. Less
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<urn:uuid:01201ea8-aaa5-431d-bcee-95e9008aab7a>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-01470040/
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|
en
| 0.914852
| 728
| 1.875
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|
The recent discovery of superconductivity with relatively high transition temperature (Tc) in the layered iron-based quaternary oxypnictides La[O1-xFx] FeAs by Kamihara et al. [Kamihara Y, Watanabe T, Hirano M, Hosono H (2008) Iron-based layered superconductor La[O1-xFx] FeAs (x = 0.05-0.12) with Tc = 26 K. J Am Chem Soc 130:3296-3297.] was a real surprise and has generated tremendous interest. Although superconductivity exists in alloy that contains the element Fe, LaOMPn (with M = Fe, Ni; and Pn = P and As) is the first system where Fe plays the key role to the occurrence of superconductivity. LaOMPn has a layered crystal structure with an Fe-based plane. It is quite natural to search whether there exists other Fe based planar compounds that exhibit superconductivity. Here, we report the observation of superconductivity with zero-resistance transition temperature at 8 K in the PbO-type α-FeSe compound. A key observation is that the clean superconducting phase exists only in those samples prepared with intentional Se deficiency. FeSe, compared with LaOFeAs, is less toxic and much easier to handle. What is truly striking is that this compound has the same, perhaps simpler, planar crystal sublattice as the layered oxypnictides. Therefore, this result provides an opportunity to better understand the underlying mechanism of superconductivity in this class of unconventional superconductors.
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<urn:uuid:bd9c5cf4-d04d-4f8f-8508-6dbd4c66a92b>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008PNAS..10514262H
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en
| 0.91762
| 347
| 2.265625
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There’s no place like home, especially if you’re talking about our patch of paradise here in Western Australia. Buying a home in Perth will be one of the most important decisions you’ll make in your life, so it makes sense to be informed and educated.
Below is some advice our expert conveyancing team encourage you to take on board, before purchasing a home.
Do Your Research When Buying a Home in Perth
Make sure you’re choosing the right property for your needs. There are different types of property in Perth:
These property types differ in that a house is usually a freestanding dwelling, situated on its own (often spacious) block of land. Whereas apartments, units, villas and townhouses are usually semi-attached, on a shared block with common walls and less space.
This knowledge may impact your decision when buying a home in Perth. Be sure the outcome suits your purpose, such as room for your children and pets to roam free when needed.
Researching your location is also important. You need to understand how your potential suburb and home can impact your future. When you’re buying a home in Perth, make sure you have access to all the local amenities you’re going to need:
- Schools: If there’s a specific school you want to send your children to, be sure to do your research and ensure your potential new address is situated within the school’s catchment area
- Parks: You, your children and your dog will benefit from the opportunity to relax, socialise and exercise in your local park
- Hospitals: If your family is still growing, it might be important for you to be close to a hospital for birth, or for emergency treatment should the need arise
- Public transport: Whether it’s getting to and from work, or having access to transport for events, access to public transport may impact your decision
Being close to amenities, and getting that ‘feeling’ from a house and/or suburb, is only half of the equation. Before buying a home in Perth, be sure to do your research on properties sold in the area. A property is not just a home, it’s also an investment.
If you’re buying in Doubleview, then get an understanding of these stats:
- Median house value
- Annual median value
- Gross median weekly rent
- Suburb rental returns
- Annual sales
- Average days on the market before sale
- Planning applications in the area
Choose Mosaic Settlements When Buying a Home in Perth
Whether you’re new to buying property, or experienced, be sure you put your transaction in the hands of a settlement agent Perth locals highly recommend. Contact our expert team today for settlement of all residential homes, including strata conveyancing services.
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https://www.mosaicsettlements.com.au/2021/05/
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|
en
| 0.925497
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Check out the Ministry for Culture and Heritage's audio guide to West Coast pounamu above in the Video tab.
Pounamu – greenstone or jade – was prized by Māori, and gave its name to the South Island (Te Wai Pounamu). Long associated with the Ngāi Tahu tribe, pounamu was especially common in the bed of the Arahura River. This precious stone is said to have been created by the taniwha Poutini.
Archival audio sourced from Radio New Zealand Sound Archives. Sound files may not be reused without permission from Radio New Zealand Sound Archives (Reference number sa-d-02206-s02-pm).
Roadside Stories is a series of audio guides that follow major road trips in New Zealand. The stories cover the places you’ll pass along the way – their people, their history, their cultural and natural significance. For more information about Roadside Stories visit http://www.mch.govt.nz/roadside/
Have you got a great story to tell? Add your own article
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<urn:uuid:5c5967af-8c60-471f-ac93-34f41168cbb7>
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CC-MAIN-2016-44
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http://www.newzealand.com/ca/article/precious-pounamu-roadside-stories/
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June 13, 2016
This research report titled ‘Global Bioactive Wound Care Market 2016-2020’ provides an in-depth analysis of the market in terms of revenue and emerging market trends. This market research report also includes up to date analysis and forecasts for various market segments and all geographical regions.
Request sample report: http://goo.gl/wxWXTG
Base on product type, the report categorizes the global bioactive wound care market into the following segments:
- Alginate dressing
- Antimicrobial dressing
- Hydrocolloids dressing
- Growth factors
- Skin substitutes
Global alginate dressing market
The global alginate dressing market was valued at USD 1.08 billion in 2015 and is likely to reach USD 2.28 billion by 2020, growing at a CAGR of 16.27%. The global alginate dressing market will experience high growth during the forecast period.
According to Barath Palada, a lead analyst at Technavio for research on medical devices, “Alginates are highly absorbent and can be molded in different sizes, which makes them ideal for dressing many types of wet wounds. This type of dressing is also suitable for moderate to heavily draining wounds, including pressure ulcers, partial and full thickness wounds, diabetic ulcers, leg ulcers, surgical wounds, donor sites, and first and second-degree burns. As a result, these dressings are highly preferred by consumers, thereby making it the largest revenue contributor to the global bioactive wound care market.”
Global antimicrobial dressing market
The global antimicrobial dressing market was valued at USD 990 million in 2015 and is likely to reach USD 1.37 billion by 2020, growing at a CAGR of 6.65%.
There are three types of antimicrobial dressing: silver dressing, iodine dressing, and honey dressing. Silver is the most commonly used antimicrobial dressing, but some studies indicate that it is less effective compared with products that do not contain silver. The growth of the antimicrobial dressing market is slow because these dressings are mainly used in treating infected wounds rather than preventing infection. The demand for other types of antimicrobial dressings is likely to increase during the forecast period, thereby contributing to the market growth.
Global hydrocolloids dressing market
The global hydrocolloids dressing market was valued at USD 687.2 million in 2015 and is likely to reach USD 942.4 million by 2020, growing at a CAGR of 6.52%.
The use of hydrocolloids dressing mainly depends on their effectiveness as occlusive dressings. Hydrocolloid dressings are more effective than conventional dressings such as dry gauze, paraffin gauze, and saline soaks, with a greater chance of healing, faster healing time, and lesser pain. Nursing time is also reduced because the wound does not require frequent dressings.
Global growth factors market
Growth factors in the human body are of different types; insulin-like growth factors, PDGFs, EGFs, and nerve growth factors. PDGF is isolated from the whole blood and is widely used to treat chronic wounds.
“Many growth factors trigger the generation of tissues at the site of injury. They bind with the extracellular matrix and surrounding organs and tissues in the body, supporting them during the healing process. The efficacy of growth factors during wound healing depends on the strength of its bond with the extracellular matrix,” says Barath.
Global skin substitutes market
Skin substitutes help in treating deep dermal and full thickness wounds. However, there are no skin substitutes available in the market that offer effective and scar-free wound healing. Manufacturers derive human tissues, non-human tissues, synthetic materials, or a combination of the above materials to develop skin substitutes.
Growing number of diabetes cases globally will lead to the increased prevalence of ulcers such as chronic leg ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, and venous ulcers. To treat these ulcers, tissue-engineered skin substitutes are viable options. Moreover, people aged 60 years and above are susceptible to chronic diseases as the immune system deteriorates with age. Thus, a rise in the geriatric population is another factor which will lead to high demand for skin substitutes that help boost the natural healing process.
The top vendors highlighted by Technavio’s research analysts in this report are:
- 3M Health Care
- Mölnlycke Health Care
- Smith & Nephew
Browse Related Reports:
- Global Moist Wound Dressings Market 2016-2020
- Global Wound Biologics Market 2016-2020
- Global Bioadhesives Market 2016-2020
Purchase these three reports for the price of one by becoming a Technavio subscriber. Subscribing to Technavio’s reports allows you to download any three reports per month for the price of one. Contact firstname.lastname@example.org with your requirements and a link to our subscription platform.
Technavio is a leading global technology research and advisory company. The company develops over 2000 pieces of research every year, covering more than 500 technologies across 80 countries. Technavio has about 300 analysts globally who specialize in customized consulting and business research assignments across the latest leading edge technologies.
Technavio analysts employ primary as well as secondary research techniques to ascertain the size and vendor landscape in a range of markets. Analysts obtain information using a combination of bottom-up and top-down approaches, besides using in-house market modeling tools and proprietary databases. They corroborate this data with the data obtained from various market participants and stakeholders across the value chain, including vendors, service providers, distributors, re-sellers, and end-users.
If you are interested in more information, please contact our media team at email@example.com.
Media & Marketing Executive
US: +1 630 333 9501
UK: +44 208 123 1770
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://orthospinenews.com/2016/06/13/global-bioactive-wound-care-market-to-post-a-cagr-of-close-to-14-from-2016-2020-predicts-technavio/
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en
| 0.925887
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Current Auto Finance Rates
Auto finance rates have dropped significantly, so now is an excellent time to shop for a new or used vehicle. If you are already paying on an auto loan. you may be able to refinance for a better rate.
Read below to get insights into current auto loan interest rates. or use the car loan calculator to customize your experience.
- Shorter terms give you lower interest rates but higher payments. New and used car loans are typically granted in 3-year, 4-year, 5-year, and 6-year contracts. In today’s economy, a 3-year loan can cost you between 2.6% and 6.4% in interest for a new car and 2.8% to 14.8% interest for a used car. A 5-year loan typically ranges from 2.7% to 11.0% for a new car and from 2.9% to 20.7% for a used car. Refinance loans carry similar percentage rates, with longer repayment schedules costing more.
- Used cars often carry higher auto finance rates. While some banks and credit
unions charge the same rate for new and used auto purchases, others put a 1% premium on used cars. Before you make your purchase, you should decide whether low payments or low interest rates are more important to you.
- Bad credit means higher auto finance rates. A consumer with a history of late payments, debt settlements, and write-off accounts will pay more for an auto loan than someone with a good credit history. Bad credit auto loan rates are generally 3% to 5% higher than the rates for people with good credit. Knowing your credit score before you get a car loan can help you estimate what your finance rate and monthly payment may be. Shopping around can help you get the best auto finance rates now, and then you always have the opportunity to refinance later.
The current auto finance rates can change at any time. Getting approved for a low-interest car loan now can have you driving off with your new vehicle today.
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<urn:uuid:31dcba04-90f1-4748-b348-6578c63c3f0c>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://credit-help.biz/credit/33788
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en
| 0.95966
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Meaning of the Irish name Odhran. Listen and learn how to pronounce Odhran so you can get the correct pronunciation for this Irish boy name.
MEANING: All variants of odhra meaning “”dark haired.”” Seventeen saints have used the name and Odhran, abbot of Meath, was one of the 12 devotees who accompanied St. Columba to Iona. When he died soon after their arrival Columba saw Odhran’s soul ascending to heaven following a battle between angels and devils. Another Odhran was the charioteer of St. Patrick.
GENDER: Boy | Male
PRONUNCIATION: “”o + ran”” or “”o + rin””
ENGLISH: Odran (pron. “”ode + ran””)
AUDIO: (Listen to the late author Frank McCourt pronounce Odhran and read along with the meaning)
Play Audio for Odhran:
Play Audio for Odhran
Back to Irish Boy Names
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<urn:uuid:8a3b2ec4-afe4-4479-bcb3-7d7a07a76f63>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.babynamesofireland.com/o-names
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en
| 0.901976
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|
Treats relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. Gilenya (Fingolimod) is an oral medication that has a lot of side effects, but it reduces the number of flare-ups, slows physical changes, and decreases the number of new brain lesions in relapsing MS.
Lowers the frequency of multiple sclerosis exacerbations. Avonex (Interferon Beta-1A) is an injectable medicine effective for relapsing, remitting MS and has manageable side effects and weekly dosing.
How it works
Gilenya (Fingolimod) is an immune modulator. Researchers don't know exactly how it works, but it seems to stop your white blood cells from attacking the nerves in your brain and spinal cord.
Avonex (Interferon Beta-1A) is an interferon that acts like the ones your body naturally makes. Researchers don't know exactly how it works, but interferons activate your immune system to control immune responses that have gotten out of control.
› Avonex (Interferon Beta-1A) can cause serious liver injury with the risk increasing during the first 6 months after you start. You'll need to have your liver enzymes tested at 1, 3, and 6 months. If liver enzymes are significantly elevated and you have appetite/weight loss, stomach discomfort, vomiting, and notice dark urine, yellowing of skin/eyes, change in stool color, and skin rash, you should stop taking Avonex (Interferon Beta-1A) until your doctor decides if it's safe to re-start.
Upsides and benefits
› Gilenya (Fingolimod) is the first once-daily pill you can take for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS).
› Studies show it lowers relapse rates better than placebo and Avonex, and it delays the progression of physical disabilites better than placebo.
› Gilenya also reduced the number of new MS lesions better than Avonex.
› One of the main treatments for relapsing MS that has been around for many years.
› Injections are given weekly, and not daily like other MS medications.
› Helps reduce the frequency of MS relapse episodes.
› Flu-like reactions are the most common side effects and usually go away with continued treatment or can be avoided by using over-the-counter pain and fever-reducing medicines before the injection (like acetaminophen or ibuprofen).
Downsides and risks
› Taking more than the 0.5 mg dose won't give more benefits, but will only cause more side effects.
› Gilenya can remain in your blood for up to 2 months after you stop taking it. Your immune response won't work as well during this time.
› Not the best choice if you've had a heart attack, stroke, or have been in the hospital for heart failure in the past 6 months. The risk of serious heart rate effects is higher when taken with certain drugs (methadone, erythromycin, citalopram, ketoconazole) or if you have low potassium or magnesium.
› If you have to re-start Gilenya after stopping it for 2 weeks or more, you'll have to take your first dose at your doctor's office again.
› If you didn't get chicken pox and never had a vaccination, you'll need to be vaccinated and wait one month before starting Gilenya.
› Injection site reactions are common, ranging from localized pain, redness, and swelling to severe skin dryness.
› Flu-like symptoms are common after interferon injections.
› It's not clear what type of problems occur if taken during pregnancy.
› Blood testing is required before and during use of Avonex (Interferon Beta-1A).
› May not be as effective as other interferons.
Tips from our pharmacists for people taking the medication
› Take one capsule daily with or without food.
› It's very important you read the Gilenya Medication Guide. Don't change your dose or stop the medicine without asking your doctor.
› You'll need to be watched for at least 6 hours in a doctor's office after taking your first dose because it can cause serious heart rate and blood pressure problems.
› Gilenya increases your risk of infections. Get blood tests 6 months before starting treatment.
› Use effective birth control or plan to stop Gilenya 2 months before getting pregnant. If you do become pregnant while on Gilenya (Fingolimod), you'll need to enroll in the Gilenya pregnancy registry.
› Tell your doctor if you've had any vaccines recently. Don't get any live vaccines while taking Gilenya.
› Your doctor will monitor your eyes, lungs, and liver for up to 2 months after stopping Gilenya.
› Inject yourself once a week in your muscle (you need to go deeper than the fat layer between your skin and muscle).
› Refrigerate the powder and pre-filled syringes and pens.
› Don't shake the medicine once it is taken out of the refrigerator or mixed.
› If using the pre-filled syringes, the tiny air bubbles won't hurt you.
› Avonex (Interferon Beta-1A) can cause flu-like symptoms (headache, fever, muscle pain) right after injections, lasting minutes or hours.
› Flu-like reactions usually go away with repeated treatments. Taking acetaminophen or ibuprofen 45 minutes before the injection can reduce the uncomfortable feeling.
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Platelets are very sensitive and can react to many substances, interfering with their ability to clot or triggering their removal from circulation. Be sure to tell your doctor if your platelets drop or extra bleeding coincided with any new food, drugs, herbs, supplements, or environmental exposure. “Several hundred drugs, toxins and herbs have been reported to cause blood abnormalities, and drugs account for 20 - 40% of all instances of cytopenias”1
This page contains some of the most well-known causes of substance-induced thrombocytopenia and associated bleeding. If you suspect that something you are taking, eating, or breathing might be the cause of your low platelets or excessive bleeding and you don’t see the link on this page, try searching the Internet using the terms “substance platelets" or "substance thrombocytopenia" where substance is the suspected item. While there is no guarantee, it is possible that removing or discontinuing the offending substance can have a positive effect on your platelet count. It is important to communicate with your doctor/healthcare provider as you consider or make changes.
When drugs are the cause of low platelets, the disease is called drug-induced thrombocytopenia (DITP). In some cases, as in chemotherapy drugs, the drop in platelet count is due to changes in the bone marrow. In other cases antibodies can develop to both the drug and platelets at the same time, causing the platelets to drop. Sometimes drugs cause a combination of both bone marrow and immune problems.42
DITP is rare, can occur with any medication, and is no more likely in patients with ITP than in others, as far as we know. However, sometimes patients are misdiagnosed with ITP when a substance they ingested caused their low platelets. We have also heard from patients who have been diagnosed with ITP and a new drug prompted their platelets to drop further.
In the case of DITP caused by an immune reaction, platelets usually drop within one to two weeks after taking the problem drug. However, low platelets can occur almost immediately after taking some drugs that interfere with the production of blood clots. If the drug responsible for low platelets is stopped, platelets may begin to recover in one or two days, but the antibodies to the drug can linger in the blood stream for a very long time and cause future problems.2,42 Often the reaction to the drug is specific and a similar compound can be substituted without ill effect.42 If the suspected drug is stopped and the platelets recover, other drugs are introduced without a problem, other causes of thrombocytopenia are excluded, and the drug is introduced again and the platelets drop, there is a definitive diagnosis of DITP. If only the first criteria is met, DITP is a possible cause of thrombocytopenia. If all but the last criteria are met, DITP is the probable cause.2
Some drugs have been reported to cause more instances of DITP than others. Sulfa drugs, vancomycin, penicillin, rifampin, ceftriaxone, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and linezolid (antibiotics), gold salts, valproate (for epilepsy), amrinone (for heart problems), biophosphates (ex. Fosamax), quinidine (for abnormal heart rhythms), carbamazepine (controls seizures), mirtazapine (anti-depressant), oxaliplatin and suramin (chemotherapies), the glycoprotein IIbIIIa inhibitors abciximab, tirofiban and eptifibatide, heparin (anti-clotting agents).and quinine (see below) are particular problems. Be sure to tell your doctor if you are taking any herbal remedies or common non-prescription drugs such as acetaminophen (ex. Tylenol) or ibuprofen (ex: Advil, Motrin) as these can also cause DITP.42,45 There should be a compelling reason for taking any medication and medical attention is needed for any side effect, including bruising/bleeding.
Dr. James George and colleagues at the University of Oklahoma track published reports of drugs that cause low platelets and update a summary list every two years.2 Unfortunately, many instances of DITP are not published, so there is no comprehensive compilation of problem drugs. Visit Dr. George's web site to view his list.
The Blood Center of Southeastern Wisconsin has a test for drug-associated antibodies that can help confirm a diagnosis of DITP.
Quinine: a special case
Quinine is found in some drugs as well as in tonic water, bitter lemon, and bitter melons. Some people whose low platelets were due to drinking or eating these things have been misdiagnosed as having ITP.
In a study of 343 patients, 28 (8%) were found to have drug-induced thrombocytopenia and 13 of these cases were caused by quinine. Three of these people had an unnecessary splenectomy.2
Herbs, Food, and Supplements
Some food, herbs, and supplements can reduce the number of platelets for various reasons. This list includes those substances that have been documented in journal or other articles. It is not known whether there are few items in this category or if they are underreported. If your platelets drop after taking something new, please notify your doctor.
alcohol3,44 (also called ethanol-induced thrombocytopenia)
erucic acid (in Lorenzo's oil, some rapeseed and mustard oil)46
jui [a Chinese medicinal herbal tea]*7
lupinus termis bean (cultivated in Egypt, a food protein supplement that contains quinolizidine alkaloids)6
niacin (liver damage due to long exposure) 9
tahini (pulped sesame seeds)*6
*allergic or cross-reaction to platelets in those with sensitivities to that substance, similar to drug-induced thrombocytopenia
Exposure to toxins and household chemicals can cause a drop in platelets in some people. Below is a list of toxins that have been documented to cause low platelets. You can find more information about environmental medicine and minimizing toxic exposure on Dr. Lisa Nagy's Web site. Check the NIH toxmap for toxic locations near you or local environmental sites such as the Environmental Health Watch.
toluene methylbenzene (Anisen or Toluol)
(smells like paint thinner, used in the many industrial processes including the production of gasoline and Coca-cola.)11
wood preservatives and solvents12
Insecticides, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and organic phosphorus compounds41
Mycotoxins (toxins that can be produced by molds, yeast, and mushrooms)
mold (can be in the air, on food, or in cardboard)13
P. sorghina (mold on grains)14
trichothecenes (a family of micotoxins)15
Various pesticides increase oxidative stress (implicated in ITP) and can promote platelet destruction in the spleen according to experiments in fish.43
Research and Contacts
Physicians specializing in enviromental medicine may be able to help. You can find them through the American Academy of Environmental Medicine. The impact of the environment on autoimmune disease is getting more attention at the National Institute of Environmental Health Science and the press. Many environmental medicine practitioners recommend using products that are environmental friendly and non-toxic.
(PDSA thanks Dr. Lisa Nagy for help with the environmental hazard list.)
Food and Supplements that Interfere with Platelet Function
This list contains food and supplements that can change the way platelets work and make it more difficult for your blood to clot. They do not reduce the platelet count unless noted. A small quantity of these substances will probably be safe and not cause a problem.
There are many drugs such as Plavix and Coumadin that are designed to interfere with platelet function as well as other drugs such as aspirin that reduce platelet function as a side effect of their other uses. The food and supplements listed can amplify the effect of these medications. See the results of the NIH Conference on Dietary Supplements, Coagulation, and Antithrombotic Therapies held January 13-14, 2005, for more information and an extensive bibliography.
Many of the listed substances are also antioxidants or have other properties that promote healing. A balance is important. We are publishing this list so you are aware that everyday or easily-available substances can have an effect on platelets, although their anti-clotting action is much weaker than pharmaceuticals.
If you have a reasonably high platelet count and few bleeding symptoms, many items on this list will not cause problems unless you ingest large quantities. Ironically, some patients with ITP have a clotting problem and are also taking blood thinners. Others may have a clotting problem and not know it. The propensity to clot and medication status are important factors when considering diet choices. Please discuss any concerns with your doctor.
alcohol (can also reduce the number of platelets)44
aspartame (NutraSweet, can also reduce the number of platelets)16
beer (including non-alcoholic beer)17,18
guarana (a dietary supplement)29
omega 3 fatty acids (hemp seed, fish oil)31, 32
pycnogenol (pine bark extract)33
quercetin, rutin, and related bioflavonoids34, 35
red/purple grape products (grape juice, red wine, raisins, grape seeds)36
wood ear or cloud ear mushroom (Auricularia auricula-judae, used in Chinese cuisine)40
1. Andres E et al. “Recognition and management of drug-induced cytopenias: the example of idiosyncratic drug-induced thrombocytopenia.” Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2009 Mar;8(2):183-90.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19309246
2. George JN, Aster RH, “Drug-induced thrombocytopenia:pathogenesis, evaluation, and management” 2009American Society of Hematology Education Program Book. 153-8.
3. Latvala J et al. “Excess alcohol consumption is common in patients with cytopenia: studies in blood and bone marrow.” Clin Exp Res. 2004 Apr;28(4):619-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15100613
5. Roberts HJ.."Aspartame-induced thrombocytopenia." South Med J. 2007 May;100(5):543http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17534100
6. Royer DJ et al, “Thrombocytopenia as an adverse effect of complementary and alternative medicines, herbal remedies, supplements, foods, and beverages.” Eur J Haematol. 2010. .http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20059530
7. Ohmori T et al, “Acute thrombocytopenia induced by jui, a traditional herbal medicine.” J Thromb Haemost.2004 Aug;2(8):1479-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15304064
8. Morgan JM et al. “Scleroderma and autoimmune thrombocytopenia associated with ingestion of L-tryptophan.” Br J Dermatol. 1993 May;128(5):581-3.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8504054
9. Reimund E et al. “Niacin-induced hepatitis and thrombocytopenia after 10 years of niacin use.” J Clin Gastroenterol. 1994 Apr;18(3):270-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8034946
10. Michelson AD. Am J Hematol. 1991 Oct;38(2):145-6.”Thrombocytopenia associated with environmental exposure to polyurethane.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1951307
11. Jennings GH et al, “Thrombocytopenic purpura in toluene di-isocyanate workers.” Lancet. 1963 Feb 23;1(7278):406-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14029047
12. Hay A et al. “Wood preservatives, solvents, and thrombocytopenic purpura.” Lancet. 1991 Sep 21;338(8769):766.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1716341
13. Gray MR et al. “Mixed mold mycotoxicosis: immunological changes in humans following exposure in water-damaged buildings.” Arch Environ Health. 2003 Jul;58(7):410-20.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15143854
14. Rabie CJ et al. “Onyalai--the possible involvement of a mycotoxin produced by Phoma sorghina in the aetiology.” S Afr Med J. 1975 Sep 20;49(40):1647-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1080886
15. Parent-Massin D. “Haematotoxicity of trichothecenes.” Toxicol Lett. 2004 Oct 10;153(1):75-81.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15342083
16. Pretorius E et al. “Ultrastructural changes to rabbit fibrin and platelets due to aspartame.“ Ultrastruct Pathol. 2007 Mar-Apr;31(2):77-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17613990
17. Bassus S et al. “Effect of Dealcoholized Beer (Bitburger Drive®) Consumption on Hemostasis in Humans.”Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research Volume 28 Issue 5, Pages 786 – 791http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118770401/abstract
18. Mann LB et al. “Effects of ethanol and other constituents of alcoholic beverages on coronary heart disease: a review.” Pathophysiology. 2004 Apr;10(2):105-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15006416
19. Mazza GJ. “Anthocyanins and heart health.” Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2007;43(4):369-74.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18209270
20. Innes AJ et al. “Dark chocolate inhibits platelet aggregation in healthy volunteers.” Platelets. 2003 Aug;14(5):325-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12944249
21. Natella F et al. “Effect of coffee drinking on platelets: inhibition of aggregation and phenols incorporation.”Br J Nutr. 2008 Dec;100(6):1276-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18439332
22. Heptinstall S et al. “Parthenolide content and bioactivity of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium (L..)” J Pharm Pharmacol. 1992 May;44(5):391-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1359053
23. Ali M et al. “Antithrombotic activity of garlic: its inhibition of the synthesis of thromboxane-B2 during infusion of arachidonic acid and collagen in rabbits.” Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1990 Oct;41(2):95-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2274570
24. Osmont KS et al. “Temporal aspects of onion-induced antiplatelet activity.” Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2003 Winter;58(1):27-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12859011
25. Dutta-Roy AK et al. “Inhibitory effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on human platelet aggregation.” Platelets. 1999;10(5):298-305. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16801106
26. Nurtjahja-Tjendraputra E et al. “Effective anti-platelet and COX-1 enzyme inhibitors from pungent constituents of ginger.” Thromb Res. 2003;111(4-5):259-65.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14693173
27. Lau AJ et al. “Antiplatelet and anticoagulant effects of Panax notoginseng: comparison of raw and steamed Panax notoginseng with Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolium.” J Ethnopharmacol. 2009 Sep 25;125(3):380-6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19665534
28. Babu PV et al. “Green tea catechins and cardiovascular health: an update.” Curr Med Chem. 2008;15(18):1840-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18691042
29. Braz J et al. “A novel property of an aqueous guaraná extract (Paullinia cupana): inhibition of platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo.” Med Biol Res. 1988;21(3):535-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3228635
30. Duttaroy AK, et al. “Effects of kiwi fruit consumption on platelet aggregation and plasma lipids in healthy human volunteers “ Platelets. 2004 Aug;15(5):287-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15370099
31. Rodriguez-Leyva D et al. “The cardiac and haemostatic effects of dietary hempseed.” Nutr Metab (Lond). 2010 Apr 21;7(1):32.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20409317
32. Phang M et al. “Inhibition of platelet aggregation by omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is gender specific-Redefining platelet response to fish oils.” Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2009 Jul;81(1):35-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19481915
33. Araghi-Niknam M et al. “Pine bark extract reduces platelet aggregation.” Integr Med. 2000 Mar 21;2(2):73-77. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10882879
34. Hubbard GP et al. “Ingestion of quercetin inhibits platelet aggregation and essential components of the collagen-stimulated platelet activation pathway in humans.” J Thromb Haemost. 2004 Dec;2(12):2138-45.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15613018
35. Navarro-Núñez L et al. “Differential effects of quercetin, apigenin and genistein on signalling pathways of protease-activated receptors PAR(1) and PAR(4) in platelets.” Br J Pharmacol. 2009 Nov;158(6):1548-56.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19814731
36. Vitseva O. “Grape seed and skin extracts inhibit platelet function and release of reactive oxygen intermediates.” J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2005 Oct;46(4):445-51.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16160595
37. Wu JM et al. “Mechanism of cardioprotection by resveratrol, a phenolic antioxidant present in red wine (Review).” Int J Mol Med. 2001 Jul;8(1):3-17. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11408943
38. O'Kennedy N et al. “Effects of tomato extract on platelet function: a double-blinded crossover study in healthy humans." Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Sep;84(3):561-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16960170
39. Zingg JM et al. “Non-antioxidant activities of vitamin E.” Curr Med Chem. 2004 May;11(9):1113-33.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15134510
40. Tom Volk's Fungus http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/apr2004.html
41. Mastromatt.eo E. “Hematological Disorders Following Exposure to Insecticides.”Can Med Assoc J. 1964 May 16; 90(20): 1166–1168. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1922786
42. Aster RH, "Drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia" N Engl J Med. 2007 Aug 9;357(6):580-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17687133
43. Slaninova A et al. "A review: oxidative stress in fish induced by pesticides." Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2009;30 Suppl 1:2-12.
44. Ballard HS, "The hematological complications of alcoholism." Alcohol Health and Research World.1997; 21(1):42-52. http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh21-1/42.pdf
45. Arnold DM et al. "A systematic evaluation of laboratory testing for drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia." J Thromb Haemost. 2012 Nov 3.
46. Kickler TS et al. “Effect of erucic acid on platelets in patients with adrenoleukodystrophy.” Biochem Mol Med. 1996 Apr;57(2):125-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8733890
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Junk has a way of accumulating around the home. It may include broken furniture or appliances, or items that no longer fit with your current décor. While you may consider the junk to have little value, junk removal services can collect the junk and sort it into items that can be refurbished, recycled or used in other ways. That which truly cannot be used again can be disposed in an environmentally friendly method. Consider the following reasons you can benefit from these services.
- There is no room for your vehicles in your multi car garage due to the accumulated stuff.
- Your home is filled with clutter, including junk mail, newspapers and old catalogs
- You have a large collection of items you might someday use to make a craft project
- Areas are filled with clothing the you might wear one day
- Parts of your home are no longer accessible and cannot be used for their intended purpose, such as beds that cannot be slept in or kitchens that cannot be used to prepare food.
In some cases, the junk can become so bad it impairs the residents of the home. They may be embarrassed to have visitors due to the large amount of junk stored in the home. As a result, the curtains are often kept closed so it is impossible to see inside.
While your junk collection may not be this bad, it can still be using valuable space that would better serve its intended purpose. If you feel it is time to get rid of the mess, junk removal services may be able to help. They can sort and haul away the clutter from the home. Once the junk is gone, you may be surprised at the amount of available space in the home.
Junk sometimes collects due to the fact that the resident simply does not have time to take care of the problem. When you are busy due to your job or other responsibilities, it is often best to leave the job to someone else. This allows you to focus your time and energy on the things that are important to you while still getting rid of the junk.
If you have lived in the same home for several years, the chances of accumulating junk are even greater. The items no longer being used get pushed out of the way and others are bought to replace them. The junk removal service can help to get rid of items that are no longer needed without the emotional attachment.
Take a look around your home. If junk has accumulated and is interfering with your lifestyle it may be time to make a change. There is no time like the present to schedule junk removal services and take control of the problem.
Sarah Reeve is an architect student and freelance writer. Her passions include architecture, home improvement, and construction. Most recently she has been writing for a service for junk removal in Scarborough.
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Domestic Violence Leave is not a Holiday
Domestic violence leave should be a compulsory element in every workplace in 2017, the same way personal and holiday leave is provided for by law, according to Cassandra Pullos.
She says moves to broaden the provision of domestic violence leave in Queensland for public sector workers do not go far enough. It should become a standard provision in all workplaces. “Domestic violence is a growing national crisis and paid leave for those affected by it should be seen as necessary and not confined to just public sector employees,” she says.
Cassandra has endorsed a call by Queensland's premier for paid domestic violence leave to become a national employment standard. Annastacia Palaszczuk wants all governments across the country to follow Queensland's leave and provide paid leave for those affected by family and domestic violence. Late last year Queensland became the first jurisdiction to legislate paid domestic and family violence for public sector workers.
Cassandra has applauded the move but feels we could do a lot more. Several Australian law firms are now offering domestic violence leave to staff but it was on an ad hoc basis with no formal, profession-wide policy. “We support this call for domestic violence leave to be available across the board to everyone affected by it as one of the ways in which the business community can recognise the toll domestic and family violence can take on employees,” she says. The State’s provisions for its employees entitles them to up 10 days of paid leave to attend medical, legal and counselling appointments and arrange alternative accommodation and child care assistance.
Cassandra wants the legal profession to take a prominent role in advocating change to protect DV victims and advocate tougher penalties for those who commit domestic violence. She believes the business community could play a crucial and influential role for change especially in opening the closed doors of a behaviour that still carried a worrying stigma for many victims, and which perpetrators of domestic and family violence exploited to their own benefit.
“One of the key messages we need to convey in 2017 is to push for change on the understanding that domestic violence leave is not and should not be just seen as a holiday. “Domestic violence is so widespread and ingrained, it needs a whole of Government and Community approach to eradicate it. Up until now various groups and agencies have been working almost independently and in isolation on DV solutions. “The current splintered approach needs to refocus around a robust policy to protect and help victims and deter and appropriately punish domestic violence offenders,” she says.
Legislating domestic violence leave as an entitlement for all workers, irrespective of their profession or industry, is a worthy target for addressing DV in 2017, Cassandra added.
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Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Muslim statesman Muhammad Ali Jinnah led Pakistan’s independence from India, and was its first governor-general and president of its constituent assembly.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah was born December 25, 1876, in Karachi, Pakistan. In 1906 he joined the Indian National Congress. Seven years later, he joined the India Muslim League. The independent state of Pakistan that Jinnah had envisioned came to be on August 14, 1947. The following day, he was sworn in as Pakistan’s first governor-general. On September 11, 1948, he died near Karachi, Pakistan.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah was born in a rented apartment on the second floor of Wazir Mansion in Karachi, Pakistan (then part of India), on December 25, 1876. At the time of his birth, Jinnah’s official name was Mahomedali Jinnahbhai. The eldest of his parents’ seven children, Jinnah was underweight and appeared fragile at the time of his birth. But Jinnah’s mother, Mithibai, was convinced her delicate infant would one day achieve great things. Jinnah’s father, Jinnahbhai Poonja, was a merchant and exporter of cotton, wool, grain and range of other goods. As a whole, the family belonged to the Khoja Muslim sect.
When Muhammad Ali Jinnah was 6 years old, his father placed him in the Sindh Madrasatul-Islam School. Jinnah was far from a model student. He was more interested in playing outside with his friends than focusing on his studies. As the proprietor of a thriving trade business, Jinnah’s father emphasized the importance of studying mathematics, but, ironically, arithmetic was among Jinnah’s most hated subjects.
When Jinnah was nearly 11 years old, his only paternal aunt came to visit from Bombay, India. Jinnah and his aunt were very close. The aunt suggested that Jinnah return with her to Bombay; she believed the big city would provide him with a better education than Karachi could. Despite his mother’s resistance, Jinnah accompanied his aunt back to Bombay, where she enrolled him in the Gokal Das Tej Primary School. Despite the change of scenery, Jinnah continued to prove himself a restless and unruly student. Within just six months he was sent back to Karachi. His mother insisted he attend Sind Madrassa, but Jinnah was expelled for cutting classes to go horseback riding.
Jinnah’s parents then enrolled him in the Christian Missionary Society High School, hoping he would be better able to concentrate on his studies there. As a teen, Jinnah developed an admiration for his father’s business colleague, Sir Frederick Leigh Croft. When Croft offered Jinnah an internship in London, Jinnah jumped at the chance, but Jinnah’s mother was not so eager for him to accept the offer. Fearful of being separated from her son, she persuaded him to marry before leaving for his trip. Presumably she believed his marriage would ensure his eventual return.
At his mother’s urging, the 15-year-old Jinnah entered into an arranged marriage with his 14-year-old bride, Emibai, in February 1892. Emibai was from the village of Paneli in India, and the wedding took place in her hometown. Following the marriage, Jinnah continued attending the Christian Missionary Society High School until he left for London. He departed Karachi in January of 1893. Jinnah would never see his wife or his mother again. Emibai died a few months after Jinnah’s departure. Devastatingly, Jinnah’s mother, Mithibai, also passed away during his stay in London.
After disembarking at Southampton and taking the boat train to Victoria Station, Jinnah rented a hotel room in London. He would eventually, however, settle at the home of Mrs. F.E. Page-Drake of Kensington, who had invited Jinnah to stay as a guest.
After a few months of serving his internship, in June of 1893 Jinnah left the position to join Lincoln’s Inn, a renowned legal association that helped law students study for the bar. Over the next few years, Jinnah prepared for the legal exam by studying biographies and political texts that he borrowed from the British Museum Library and read in the barristers’ chambers. While studying for the bar, Jinnah heard the terrible news of his wife and mother’s deaths, but he managed to forge on with his education. In addition to fulfilling his formal studies, Jinnah made frequent visits to the House of Commons, where he could observe the powerful British government in action firsthand. When Jinnah passed his legal exam in May of 1896, he was the youngest ever to have been accepted to the bar.
With his law degree in hand, in August 1896 Jinnah moved to Bombay and set up a law practice as a barrister in Bombay’s high court. Jinnah would continue to practice as a barrister up through the mid-1940s. Jinnah’s most famous successes as a lawyer included the Bawla murder trial of 1925 and Jinnah’s 1945 defense of Bishen Lal at Agra, which marked the final case of Jinnah’s legal career.
During Jinnah’s visits to the House of Commons, he had developed a growing interest in politics, deeming it a more glamorous field than law. Now in Bombay, Jinnah began his foray into politics as a liberal nationalist. When Jinnah’s father joined him there, he was deeply disappointed in his son’s decision to change career paths and, out of anger, withdrew his financial support. Fortunately, the two had mended fences by the time Jinnah’s father died in April 1902.
Jinnah was particularly interested in the politics of India and its lack of strong representation in British Parliament. He was inspired when he saw Dadabhai Naoroji become the first Indian to earn a seat in the House of Commons. In 1904, Jinnah attended a meeting of the Indian National Congress. In 1906 he joined the congress himself. In 1912, Jinnah attended a meeting of the All India Muslim League, prompting him to join the league the following year. Jinnah would later join yet another political party, the Home Rule League, which was dedicated to the cause of a state’s right to self-government.
In the midst of Jinnah’s thriving political career, he met a 16-year-old named Ratanbai while on vacation in Darjeeling. After "Rutti" turned 18 and converted to Islam, the two were married on April 19, 1918. Rutti gave birth to Jinnah’s first and only child, a daughter named Dina, in 1919.
As a member of Congress, Jinnah at first collaborated with Hindu leaders as their Ambassador of Hindu Muslim Unity, while working with the Muslim League simultaneously. Gradually, Jinnah realized that the Hindu leaders of Congress held a political agenda that was incongruent with his own. Earlier he had been aligned with their opposition to separate electorates meant to guarantee a fixed percentage of legislative representation for Muslims and Hindus. But in 1926, Jinnah shifted to the opposite view and began supporting separate electorates. Still, overall, he retained the belief that the rights of Muslims could be protected in a united India. At that stage of his political career, Jinnah left Congress and dedicated himself more fully to the Muslim League.
By 1928 Jinnah’s busy political career had taken a toll on his marriage. He and his second wife separated. Rutti lived as a recluse at the Taj Mahal Hotel in Bombay for the next year, until she died on her 29th birthday.
During the 1930s Jinnah attended the Anglo-Indian Round Table Conferences in London, and led the reorganization of the All India Muslim League.
By 1939 Jinnah came to believe in a Muslim homeland on the Indian subcontinent. He was convinced that this was the only way to preserve Muslims’ traditions and protect their political interests. His former vision of Hindu-Muslim unity no longer seemed realistic to him at this time.
During a 1940 meeting of the Muslim League at Lahore, Jinnah proposed the partition of India and the creation of Pakistan, in the area where Muslims constitute a majority. At this juncture, Jinnah was both displeased with Mohandas Gandhi's stance at the London Round Table Conference in 1939, and frustrated with the Muslim League. Much to Jinnah’s chagrin, the Muslim League was on the verge of merging with the National League, with the goal of participating in provincial elections and potentially conceding to the establishment of a united India with majority Hindu rule.
To Jinnah’s relief, in 1942 the Muslim League adopted the Pakistan Resolution to partition India into states. Four years later, Britain sent a cabinet mission to India to outline a constitution for transfer of power to India. India was then divided into three territories. The first was a Hindu majority, which makes up present-day India. The second was a Muslim area in the northwest, to be designated as Pakistan. The third was made up of Bengal and Assam, with a narrow Muslim majority. After a decade, the provinces would have the choice of opting out on the formation of a new federation. But when the Congress president expressed objections to implementing the plan, Jinnah also voted against it. The independent state of Pakistan that Jinnah had envisioned came to be on August 14, 1947. The following day, Jinnah was sworn in as Pakistan’s first governor-general. He was also made president of Pakistan's constituent assembly shortly before his death.
Death and Legacy
On September 11, 1948, just a little over a year after he became governor-general, Jinnah died of tuberculosis near Karachi, Pakistan—the place where he was born.
Today, Jinnah is credited with having altered the destiny of Muslims in the Indian subcontinent. According to Richard Symons, Muhammad Ali Jinnah "contributed more than any other man to Pakistan’s survival." Jinnah’s dream for Pakistan was based on the principles of social justice, brotherhood and equality, which he aimed to achieve under his motto of "Faith, Unity, and Discipline." In the wake of his death, Jinnah’s successors were tasked with consolidating the nation of Pakistan that Jinnah had so determinedly established.
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|Title||Feminist Pedagogy from Antiquity to the Middle Ages: A Round Table Discussion|
|Date/Time||Monday 3 July 2017: 19.00-20.00|
|Sponsor||Women's Classical Committee / Division of History, University of Huddersfield|
|Organiser||Victoria Leonard, Centre for Arts, Memory & Communities, Coventry University / Institute of Classical Studies, University of London / Royal Holloway, University of London|
|Moderator/Chair||Patricia Cullum, Department of English, Linguistics & History, University of Huddersfield|
|Abstract||This round table discussion brings together experts from a range of teaching and research backgrounds, career stages, and across the disciplines of Medieval History, Classics, Archaeology and Heritage Studies, and English Literature. This round table unites customarily disparate voices through the focus on gender and women, and facilitates the productive exchange of experiences and approaches to feminist and inclusive pedagogy. Discussion will be structured by the following themes: i. What is feminist pedagogy, and how do we do it? ii. Finding feminist pedagogy in language and translation teaching; iii. Finding the female voice in primary sources; and iv. The value of teaching and pedagogical research as a gendered issue.
Participants include Carol Atack (University of Oxford), Victoria Leonard (University of London), Liz Herbert McAvoy (Swansea University), and Sharon Marshall (University of Exeter).
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A� Begin manners coaching as early as doable: Children are by no means too young to be taught good manners. As quickly as they’ll converse, they are often taught to say “please” and “thanks”. They can learn that they need to wash their fingers earlier than sitting at the table and that adults should not be interrupted when they are speaking. For those who train them, politeness will come natural to your little one and you’ll not have to alter your kids’ attitude in direction of their mates or different adults when they are youngsters.
Anyway, the purpose of my rambling is that this. Many many of us have terrible upset inside us because of money worries, especially in these horrible recession times. If you are also into the Secret and Legislation of Attraction stuff which means we are attracting extra of the horrible upset attributable to money worries and so forth it goes. Even in the event you don’t watch the news and haven’t acquired a clue what is going on on on the earth and your particular economic system, likelihood is you could have very limiting beliefs lodged in your subconscious around money i.e. cash is the root of all evil, I will by no means have sufficient, I’m undeserving, it’s just not truthful I am going to by no means be wealthy, I don’t deserve it and many others and so forth.
RAM. You’ll not remorse buying one. Motherboard.
Configurations are already available to retailer information whereas drawing much less energy. Hard drive manufacturers have invented energy environment friendly Onerous Drives for desktop PCs. The newest exhausting drives come with superior energy management techniques, which minimize the power consumption throughout unengaged period. Nowadays exterior laborious drives additionally features energy administration system which drives them into sleep mode while not being used.
The significance of saving early on cannot be stressed more! Actually, one can be higher off by starting to save throughout planning for the baby’s arrival. You can open a again account or start a fund that may look after all the emergency needs that you just might have to cope with within the close to future.
They work virtually as good as the unique ones.
How skinny do you assume speakers can go? Properly, the thinnest to this point are audio system made out of material. Sure, Yamaha has made material audio system which are 1 ‘millimeter’ skinny. It is skinny sufficient to be simply wrapped up and transported. And in the event you print on it, it is going to look like another piece of printed material. But it may emit sound that may be heard when standing directly in front of it. It’s nonetheless not commercially obtainable however it’ll hopefully be available in the market soon.
Another in style telephone is the Pink BaoXing V100, which may be very feminine cellphone, complete with twin sim, JAVA, and it even has a flashlight. The cellphone is very skinny, with a width of only eight mm, which makes it good for delicate palms. As a result of it’s so slim, it will possibly fit simply in a pocket or clutch bag. The BaoXing V100 has a 2 inch LCD display and 640 by 480 pixel camera. It helps MP3 playback and comes with Stereo speakers.
Millions of potential buyers go to eBay to seek out nice deals. The sad factor is that most people drive by their native Goodwill or Salvation Army and overlook an amazing alternative to generate some further earnings. Much of their security can also be in numbers and the bigger the colony the better their chance of survival.
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Ferris State University Dining Services staff strives to provide a wide variety of foods while accommodating to meet each student's needs. Nutri-Choice is a program designed to meet the following goals:
Educate students on principles involved in developing healthy eating habits.
Assist customers in maintaining a healthy weight.
Encourage physical activity and limit alcohol consumption.
- Promote consumption of food and beverage choices that meet the recommendations of the American Heart Association and American Institute for Cancer Research. These include choosing an overall balanced diet from all major food groups that is rich in fruits, vegetables and grains. Also, selecting foods that are low in fat and sodium, including fat-free and low-fat dairy products, legumes, poultry, lean meats and at least two servings of fish per week.
It is important to take the time and honestly evaluate our eating habits. Scientific research continually supports the fact that we can live a longer and healthier life by; exercising, maintaining a healthy weight, consuming a variety of foods and reducing our choices of fried and high-fat foods and decreasing our intake of excess salt and sugar.
For your educational purposes, we have provided helpful links to kick-start these healthy choices!
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Much of the research conducted into chemicals is performed by industry. Businesses have an interest in showing that their products are safe and employ more scientists than the government, non-profits, and universities combined. Industry also often collaborates with universities to conduct joint research or fund university-run research. And as with government, university, or non-profit-funded studies, industry-funded studies are often peer-reviewed and published in prestigious journals.
It’s not uncommon for researchers to receive grants from private industry, non-profits, and governments throughout the course of their careers. When the National Academies of Sciences developed its first conflict of interest policy, researchers noted that “Scientists universally opposed the policy, however, for a range of reasons—while some argued that all experienced and knowledgeable experts were inherently conflicted, others were offended at the suggestion that any expert could be biased.”
Industry and University Partnerships
Government funders have often encouraged research collaborations between private industry and universities. As government budgets have been slashed, industry has increased its support of university research, providing $3.2 billion to universities in 2012. Though many have questioned these partnerships due to fears that companies would pressure researchers to manipulate the outcome of their research, new research from the University of California, Berkley and the U.S. National Academies of Science found that “corporate-sponsored research is surprisingly valuable for further innovation. Data collected over 20 years at nine campuses and three national laboratories administered by the University of California show that corporate-sponsored inventions are licensed and cited more often than federally sponsored ones.”
Dr. David Katz, Director of the Yale Prevention Research Center, underscores the importance of industry-funded research: “Lack of industry-funded research means less research, and slower progress. That’s not the prize we are after.”
Criticism of Industry Research
Because of the misdeeds of the tobacco industry, many scientists and health reporters remain skeptical that any industry-funded research can be trusted.
For example, a recent study published in PLoS Medicine argued that studies funded by industry has compromised the research on sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and weight gain. The study was widely reported by the media, with stories claiming that industry’s influence has resulted in illegitimate research.
However, a Harvard Business Review article on the sugar/industry study argued that there were key flaws in the study’s design.
The researchers looked at systematic reviews conducted between 2006 and 2013. But this period saw a significant change in the kind of research done on sugar and weight gain. At the beginning of the period, there were few randomized control trials and a lot of observational studies; at the end, more randomized control trials, which provide much better evidence of cause and effect. The effect sizes for these trials are still quite small, but when added together, there was more, and qualitatively better, evidence associating sugar consumption and increased weight gain the closer one got to 2013. In fact, the four systematic reviews from 2012 onwards all found mostly positive associations; none were funded by industry.
The study also labeled research funded by the National Institutes of Health as “industry-funded” because the authors had received funding in the past from the food industry.
Other criticism has been leveled at the pharmaceutical industry, which has been criticized for not being transparent in company’s funding of studies of their products. A Washington Post article on the controversy argued:
Company executives seeking to promote their drugs can design research that makes their products look better. They can select like-minded academics to perform the work. And they can run the statistics in ways that make their own drugs look better than they are.
However, the same article also noted:
Just because industry-funded researchers arrived at conclusions that were later discarded does not mean that money biased their findings. Researchers get things wrong for lots of reasons — errors are a part of science.
Most researchers acknowledge that doing away with industry funding of research is not the answer to criticism about funding bias. Instead, researchers and members of industry are promoting greater transparency and access to information about products. As with studies funded by other sources, if other scientists can replicate research done by those receiving industry funding, it lends much more credibility to the researchers’ findings.
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Manipulation Through Tantrums
I have noticed from watching her on talk shows that she often struggles with parenting. She was on Letterman just a couple of days ago talking about how when her child has a tantrum she has learned that the one thing she cannot do is let the tantrum work.
By this she means if she lets her kid have her way when she has a tantrum then the child will get the idea that anytime they want their way all they have to do is throw a tantrum and they can control their parents.
If she wants to remain in control as a mother she needs to make sure that she ignores whatever the request is when a tantrum is happening.
I understand this viewpoint and I know it is the traditional way of viewing things. Of course if you have read any of my blog posts it will be obvious that is not how I approach things. I believe that tantrums are expressions of emotions and signal of needs unmet. The deeper approach is to offer love and compassion during these times. A detailed explanation of this will come in a later blog post.
In her book she also talks about how when she was young she loved her father and was also quite scared of him. She was scared of doing anything that would get her into trouble.
She also says she wishes she could inspire that kind of fear in her daughter, but her daughter is 6 and is already completely unafraid of her!
The Rules Of Improv
Then this morning I listened to the section where she describes the rules of comedy improv. She said learning, practicing and following the rules of improv changed her life for the better in so many ways. She said she thinks everyone should learn these rules and apply them to their lives!
As I was listening to her explain the rules I was so full of emotion I was screaming and yelling in the car! I saw how these principles that she’s mastered can be used in parenting to create deep harmony and respect with our children. I will now share with you the rules that she explained and you will see why they affected me so.
Always say yes.
If something is happening on stage and you say no you block the action, ruin the energy and basically kill the scene!
It is wonderfully coincidental that this also happens to be the first and primary of the conscious parenting principles that I share with people. Saying yes increases positivity, trust and connection with our children.
Don’t just say yes, say yes and…
When you say yes and you are adding to the experience. when you say yes and you are working together to create the reality around you in a scene.
Saying yes and is another vitally important parenting skill. Yes and allows you to connect deeply and impart wisdom at the same time with your child.
I often explain
Don’t say “NO”
Don’t say “NO because”
Don’t even say “Yes”
Say “Yes and…”
Her rule 2 is word for word my rule 2!
There are no mistakes, there are only opportunities.
Anything that happens in a scene if you take it and run with it, it becomes your present reality. The momentum and flow of the scene continue.
Imagine if we could actually treat our children like there were no mistakes! If your child cannot make a mistake there’s no reason to punish them, give him a consequence like a timeout or a loss of privileges. Those things can only happen if your child made a mistake, but if there are no mistakes and if you really believe there are no mistakes and punishment somehow leaves the equation.
The only thing left behind is opportunity! Opportunity for learning, opportunity for growth, connection, love and self-development. This brings great peace to your relationship.
Everyone has something to contribute. Everyone on stage is equally important.
She encourages us not to be afraid to contribute, not to be afraid to say whatever comes into our mind because if everyone’s doing their job, whatever you say will be accepted and incorporated into the scene and brought to life.
Once again the brilliance of this as applied to parenting cannot be overstated. Treating your child as an equal and valuing all of their contributions to the family unit, to your home community gives them a sense of their value and their responsibility.
My dear friend Tina, you have all the wisdom to have the most harmonious relationship with your kids possible right at your fingertips. I hope you read this and see the connection between what you are brilliant at, which is a comedy and see how the same principles can be applied to this area of your life where you may be struggling somewhat.
You yourself have a wonderful opportunity at your fingertips and I encourage you to change your whole style of parenting to match the masterful skill you have at comedy improv. For these rules all apply brilliantly.
I know I certainly learned from listening to you explain them and have deepened my own understanding of them and for that I thank you.
Does anyone reading this know Tina Fey? If you do I would be very grateful if you could send the link in her direction. I am hoping that perhaps it can help her and her parenting journey.
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Full profile →'">
The author is a Forbes contributor. The opinions expressed are those of the writer.
Shares of are up more than 5% Tuesday morning, after activist investor Dan Loeb revealed a significant stake in the company and called for a strategic review of its operations.
"Third Point’s largest current investment is in The Dow Chemical Company," writes Loeb in his company's quarterly investor letter, an excerpt of which was posted on hvst.com Tuesday morning. "Dow shares have woefully underperformed over the last decade, generating a return of 46% (including dividends) compared to a 199% return for the S&P 500 Chemicals Index and a 101% return for the S&P 500. Indeed, in April 1999, nearly 15 years ago, an investor could have purchased Dow shares for the same price that they trade at today!"
The note goes on to say that the weak results are especially surprising given the North American shale boom, which should have been a boon to Dow's petrochemicals segment (its largest business exposure, Third Point says). Referencing Dow's December decision to spin off its $5 billion chlorine derivatives business, Loeb said a similar move should be made in regards to the portion of Dow's operations dealing with petroleum and fossil fuel-related products.
"We believe Dow should apply the intelligent logic of its recently announced chlor-alkali separation to the entirety of its petrochemical businesses by creating a standalone company housing Dow’s commodity petrochemical segments (“Dow Petchem Co.”). Such a separation would accomplish two important objectives," Loeb wrote. "First, the split would accelerate Dow’s transition to a true 'specialty chemicals' company focused on attractive end-markets such as agriculture, food, pharmaceuticals, and electronics. Second, the standalone Dow Petchem Co. could realign its strategy away from largely focusing on downstream migration/integration and towards overall profit maximization."
Third Point estimates that the resulting Dow Specialty Company could then focus on segments like agriculture, where opportunities for Dow-produced herbicide in South America could increase the segment's EBITDA by 30 to 40%. Overall, Third Point estimates that Dow, without its petrochemical segment, could see EBITDA in the $4 to $5 billion range in the next three to five years, compared to a 2013 base of $2.8 billion.
In response to Third Point's letter, Dow spokesperson Rebecca Bentley issued the following statement: "Dow routinely monitors and engages with all of its shareholders, so we are very aware of our owners’ positions. We engage with all of our owners to understand their views and we welcome all constructive input with a common goal of enhancing long-term value. We believe our investments have yielded sustainable value for our shareholders and will continue to in the near and long term. We constantly review our company at the management and board level to increase our shareholder value and competitiveness. We intend to continue an open dialogue to further enhance value for all of our shareholders."
Following the news of Loeb's position, shares of Dow rose nearly 6% to $46.57 before stabilizing closer to $45 per share. Despite Loeb's complaints, the chemical company kept up with the market in 2013, posting a 34.3% return for the year.
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The impact of classroom technology on student behavior
Angeline M. Lavin University of South Dakota Leon Korte University of South Dakota Thomas L. Davies University of South Dakota ABSTRACT The trend toward technology enhanced classrooms has escalated quickly during the past five years as students have become increasingly tech-savvy. Classrooms across the nation have become “wired” and textbook publishers now offer a wide variety of computerized teaching supplements. In fact, some may argue that technology is now expected in the college classroom. The objective of this research is to examine whether the use of technology in university classes impacts student behavior and student perceptions of instructional quality. This paper summarizes the results of a survey administered to students enrolled in business courses at a mid-sized Midwestern university. The results suggest that adding technology in courses where it is not currently used is likely to have a positive impact on student perceptions of the instructor and on student behavior. However, removing technology from courses that already use it would not appear to have a negative impact on all aspects of student behavior. Overall there are certain aspects of student behavior (the amount of time that students study, the quantity of notes they take, their attendance, and their interaction with the instructor) which appear to be technology neutral. In contrast, technology tends to have a meaningful impact on student preparation for class, attentiveness, quality of notes taken, student participation in class, student learning, desire to take additional classes from the instructor or in the subject matter, and the overall evaluation of the course and the instructor. Keywords: class technology, instructional quality, student behavior, student perceptions
The impact of classroom technology, Page 1
Journal of Technology Research INTRODUCTION Technology, it seems, is everywhere these days. As computers have become more commonplace, the use of information technology has become pervasive in most everyone’s lives. For most of us, it is hard to image daily life without the influence of technological devices, be it handheld video games, personal digital assistants, cell phones or any number of computers. This is especially true for younger generations. In academia, we have likely reached the point where the use of technology is expected, by both students and their parents (Christensen, 1999). The trend toward technology enhanced classes has escalated quickly during the past five years as students have become increasingly tech-savvy, classrooms across the nation have become “wired” and textbook publishers now offer a wide variety of computerized teaching supplements. Lowerison, Sclater, Schmid, and Abrami (2006) suggest that technology has the potential to transform the learning environment from passive to active and more subject to the control of the learner. According to Roblyer (2003), technology may enable the learner to be more actively involved in his or her own learning. While technology may enhance the classroom and engage today’s student more effectively, most do not believe it replaces the need for a structured, content-driving learning process that is grounded in theory. To be effective, technology-based tools must accompany appropriate pedagogy (Laurillard, 2002). That said, a 2001 national study showed that 87% of faculty believe computer technology enhances student learning (Epper and Bates, 2001). Despite this widespread belief that the use of technology in the classroom is generally good, such may not always be the case. Burbules and Callister (2000) suggest technology can be used well or poorly, and thus its effectiveness is dependent on how it used, by whom and for what purpose. Instructors use varying amounts of technology in their classes. For example, some professors utilize PowerPoint slides or similar technology...
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Young children convey their emotions in many ways. Why are some expressions more challenging to handle than others?
"Don't Get So Upset!" helps you see that it's not about the child as much as it is about you. It's about your emotions—how you learned to express them as a child, how the adults around you responded, and how that all stays with you today.
With a practical, personal approach, this book will assist you in getting a firm grasp on your own emotions so that you can better help children with theirs. In it, you will find information on emotional development, early childhood behavior management strategies, and self-reflection. You will learn about actions you can take and new ways you can think to improve how you handle the daily challenges of your job. Most importantly, you will embark on a journey toward self-understanding that will reflect positively on your interactions with all young children in your life.
Don't Get So Upset: Help Young Children Manage Their Feelings by Understanding Your Own
Finding Your Smile Again: A Child Care Professional's Guide to Reducing Stress and Avoiding Burnout
Keeping Your Smile: Caring for Children with Joy, Love, and Intention
Behavioral Challenges in Early Childhood Settings
Common Psychological Disorders in Young Children?: A Handbook for Early Childhood Professionals
Doing the Right Thing for Children (e-book): Eight Qualities of Leadership
Roots and Wings Instructor's Guide (e-book)
Theories of Attachment Instructor's Guide (e-book)
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<urn:uuid:5d7e59d8-c6b9-4050-93e6-d503d3f8c02f>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.redleafpress.org/Dont-Get-So-Upset-e-book-P1159.aspx
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en
| 0.895171
| 316
| 3.15625
| 3
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Support to help mitigate against future energy price increases.
Support is being expanded to improve the energy efficiency of homes and tackle energy costs.
In response to the cost of living crisis, three key Scottish Government energy efficiency and heat programmes will be boosted from April.
- Expanding the Home Energy Scotland (HES) advice service, which provides free, impartial advice available to all households in Scotland on making homes warmer, greener and easier to heat. Capacity will be increased by 20% to support an extra 12,000 households a year, whilst a service offering bespoke advice to the most vulnerable households will be doubled.
- Widening the eligibility criteria of the Scottish Government’s flagship Warmer Homes Scotland fuel poverty programme to include more groups within the 60 – 75 years age range.
- Increasing the level of funding individual fuel poor households could benefit from through the local authority-led Area Based Schemes.
More than £160 million of funding is being invested this year to help make Scotland’s homes and buildings warmer and more efficient, supporting efforts to tackle fuel poverty whilst helping householders manage their energy bills and reduce carbon emissions.
Zero Carbon Buildings Minister Patrick Harvie said:
“Everyone needs a safe, warm place to call home. I am acutely aware that soaring energy prices will be causing many people to worry about the cost of their fuel bills and it is vital that people struggling with energy bills get the information and support they need, while governments step up with appropriate actions.
“We are using all powers and resources available to us to support people through the cost of living crisis and the Scottish Budget last month included a package of measures to provide immediate help with rising bills. At the same time, powers relating to energy markets remain reserved and we have repeatedly called for the UK Government to urgently take further, tangible actions to support households.
“However, immediate help also has to go side by side with longer term action. Investing in energy efficiency is the best buffer against the ebb and flow of global energy prices. That is why we are boosting energy efficiency programmes today and over the whole parliamentary term.”
Householders can access free and impartial support through Home Energy Scotland to improve the energy efficiency of their homes. Home Energy Scotland can be contacted on their freephone number 0808 808 2282 or via the Home Energy Scotland website.
Through Scottish Government investment, over 150,000 households now live in homes which are warmer and cheaper to heat, with households saving an estimated £936 million pounds on their fuel bills over the lifetime of these improvements, with a total reduction in carbon emissions of 3.4 million tonnes.
£50 million is being invested in 2021-22 in Warmer Homes Scotland, the Scottish Government scheme helping households in fuel poverty make their homes warmer and more affordable to heat
£64 million is being invested this year in Area Based Schemes, targeting communities blighted by fuel poverty and improving energy efficiency, reducing costs and carbon emissions from heating their homes.
The Home Energy Scotland Loan and Cashback Scheme currently enables homeowners to apply for up to £7,500 in cashback if they take out a loan to install green heating systems, such as a heat pump, as well as up to £6,000 towards eligible energy efficiency measures to reduce poor energy efficiency.
As part of a wider £290 million package of funding announcements made to tackle the cost of living crisis, in 2022-23 the Scottish Government will commit a further £10 million to continue the Fuel Insecurity Fund. The fund has helped households at risk of self-disconnection, or self-rationing their energy use, since late 2020.
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<urn:uuid:8c60dc88-a964-4faf-830c-a1b8dd905c35>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.gov.scot/news/tackling-the-cost-of-living-crisis/
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| 0.950807
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| 1.960938
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Wildlife Stewardship Council (WSC)is a registered not-for-profit society under the BC Societies Act. Our mission is to be a voice and advocate for wildlife and the ecosystems that sustain all life. As such, WSC advocates for the engagement of all First Nations and stakeholders in Wildlife Management to be part of a ‘roundtable’ approach to Wildlife Management in British Columbia.
As First Nations and regional stakeholders come together such as they have in Management Regions 1 and 6, and the organization grows, we recognize that each First Nation and region across the Province has different local wildlife concerns and different local solutions. The role of the WSC is shifting with this growth. The focus of the organization has shifted from that of regionally specific concerns to broader provincial wildlife themes and continuing to demand that First Nations and First Nations perspectives be part of all wildlife management decisions.
WSC acts as a conduit to the provincial regulation table and supports regions to bring people together to focus on wildlife issues. See About Us for more details about what we do and the principles that guide our actions.
To be a voice and advocate for wildlife and the ecosystems that sustain all life
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<urn:uuid:d4757455-fc39-4267-abb7-c1a1603c7af5>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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http://wildlifestewardshipcouncil.com/
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en
| 0.923224
| 240
| 1.742188
| 2
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This study is maintained and distributed by the National Archive of Computerized Data on Aging (NACDA), the aging program within ICPSR. NACDA is sponsored by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) at the National Institutes of Heath (NIH).
National Survey of Ambulatory Surgery: 1994, 1995, 1996, and 2006 (ICPSR 27461)
Principal Investigator(s): United States Department of Health and Human Services. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Health Statistics
The National Survey of Ambulatory Surgery (NSAS) was first conducted during the years 1994, 1995, and 1996 in response to the dramatic increase in the number of ambulatory surgery centers during the 1980's and early 1990's. The purpose of the first three years of the NSAS was to collect data on ambulatory (outpatient) surgery procedures performed in hospitals and free-standing ambulatory surgery centers in the United States. General demographic data pertaining to age, sex, and race were collected. Additionally, the 1994-1996 NSAS collected data on hospital diagnoses, outpatient procedures, the type of anesthesia used during the aforementioned outpatient procedures, and the payment methods for the procedures. Following a ten year hiatus, the NSAS was once again conducted in 2006. This iteration of the survey expands on the previous years' data collections. Like the 1994-1996 NSAS, the 2006 NSAS collected general demographic information on age and sex along with data on hospital diagnoses, outpatient procedures, and the type of anesthesia used during outpatient procedures. The 2006 NSAS collected additional data on patient symptoms, types of insurance, various time measures related to the medical procedures, and multiple measures pertaining to the status and health of the patients.
These data are available to the general public.
WARNING: This study is over 150MB in size and may take several minutes to download on a typical internet connection.
United States Department of Health and Human Services. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Health Statistics. National Survey of Ambulatory Surgery: 1994, 1995, 1996, and 2006. ICPSR27461-v2. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2011-01-18. http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR27461.v2
Persistent URL: http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR27461.v2
Scope of Study
Subject Terms: age, ambulatory care, blood disorders, cardiovascular disease, digestive disorders, health care costs, health care facilities, health care services, hospitals, insurance coverage, insurance payments, Medicaid, Medicare, respiratory diseases, surgery
Geographic Coverage: United States
Date of Collection:
Universe: The hospital universe includes noninstitutional hospitals exclusive of federal, military, and Department of Veteran's Affairs hospitals, located in the 50 States and the District of Columbia. Additionally, only short-stay hospitals (hospitals with an average length of stay for all patients of less than 30 days) or those whose specialty was general (medical or surgical or children's general) were included in the survey. Lastly, the hospitals must have had six beds or more staffed for patient use. The free-standing ambulatory surgery center (FSASC) universe includes only those facilities regulated by states or the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), for Medicare participation.
Data Types: survey data
Data Collection Notes:
Starting in 2007 the National Survey of Ambulatory Surgery (NSAS) will no longer be conducted as an individual study. Beginning in 2009 the NSAS will henceforth be incorporated into the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS).
Sample: The 1994-1996 NSAS used a multistage probability design with some facilities selected with certainty and others sampled with varying selection probabilities. Independent samples of hospitals and free-standing surgery centers were drawn. Noncertainty facilities were selected using a stratified cluster design employing 198 Primary Sampling Units (PSU's) and stratification by facility type, ambulatory surgery status of hospitals, facility specialty, and geographic region. The 2006 NSAS sampled facilities using a multistage probability design with facilities having varying selection probabilities. Independent samples of hospitals and free-standing ambulatory surgery centers were drawn. The 2006 NSAS did not employ the stratified cluster design used by the 1994-1996 NSAS. Like the 1994-1996 NSAS, the 2006 NSAS stratified facilities according to facility type, ambulatory surgery status of hospitals, facility specialty, and geographic region.
Weight: The 1994-1996 and 2006 NSAS records were weighted to allow inflation to national or regional estimates. The weight applied to each record is called WEIGHT. To produce an estimate of the number of discharges, the weights for the desired records must be summed.
Mode of Data Collection: record abstracts
Extent of Processing: ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection:
- Performed consistency checks.
- Created variable labels and/or value labels.
- Performed recodes and/or calculated derived variables.
Restrictions: In preparing the data file for this collection, the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) has removed direct identifiers and characteristics that might lead to identification of data subjects. As an additional precaution, NCHS requires, under section 308(d) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 242m), that data collected by NCHS not be used for any purpose other than statistical analysis and reporting. NCHS further requires that analysts not use the data to learn the identity of any persons or establishments and that the director of NCHS be notified if any identifies are inadvertently discovered. ICPSR member institutions and other users ordering data from ICPSR are expected to adhere to these restrictions.
Original ICPSR Release: 2010-03-08
- 2011-01-18 The 2006 National Survey of Ambulatory Surgery (NSAS) public use data set was revised in April 2010 to correct an error in the calculation of the AGEINYRS variable for children under 1 year of age. The days and months of these children were incorrectly counted as years in the previously released public use NSAS file. This problem affected about 500 of the approximately 52,000 unweighted records in NSAS, and resulted in children under 1 year of age being misclassified into older age groups. This mistake was discovered when the age distribution obtained using the AGEINYRS variable was different from the one obtained using the AGER10 variable.
Related Publications (?)
- List all ~28 citations associated with this study
Most Recent Publications
- Citations exports are provided above.
Export Study-level metadata (does not include variable-level metadata)
If you're looking for collection-level metadata rather than an individual metadata record, please visit our Metadata Records page.
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<urn:uuid:f63de8c1-8a41-4aec-bdeb-584dab4367d4>
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CC-MAIN-2016-44
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http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/ICPSR/studies/27461?keyword=Medicaid&dataFormat%5B0%5D=SPSS&paging.startRow=1
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en
| 0.909004
| 1,481
| 2.203125
| 2
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ERIC Number: ED024251
Record Type: RIE
Publication Date: 1968
Reference Count: 0
Systematic Methods in School Planning and Design. A Selected and Annotated Bibliography.
Murtha, D. Michael
A selection of technical reports, journal articles and books on various aspects of systematic methods for school planning and design, are presented in this bibliography. The subject areas include the design process in terms of--(1) practice, (2) theory, (3) methods, (4) decision systems, and (5) computer applications. Criteria for design with subsections include--(1) design research, (2) research studies, (3) design criteria, (4) human factors, and (5) modular construction. Each section contains a selection of sources related to school and general design applications, typical of the area they represent. Brief introductory material is presented with explanations and implications of each subsection. (Author)
Descriptors: Annotated Bibliographies, Architectural Education, Architectural Programing, Architecture, Building Design, Computers, Decision Making, Design, Design Requirements, Educational Facilities Design, Environmental Research, Human Factors Engineering, Methods, Modular Building Design, Professional Services, Systems Analysis, Theories
Publication Type: N/A
Education Level: N/A
Sponsor: Office of Education (DHEW), Washington, DC.
Authoring Institution: Wisconsin Univ., Madison. ERIC Clearinghouse on Educational Facilities.
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED024251
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en
| 0.864562
| 308
| 2.328125
| 2
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Here is your English home learning.
During English this term we have been reading the story Farmer Duck. Please watch the video to familiarise yourself with the story and as a recap for the children. As part of this unit the children have been learning about instructions.
This week they have been writing about how to be a good Farmer Duck. They have planned their writing and we would like the children to write their instructions using the template below or they can create their own.
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<urn:uuid:3cc4d01b-fedc-4764-b798-bc8c0a1bc5e8>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.henrygreen.org.uk/english-2021/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00066.warc.gz
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en
| 0.97999
| 95
| 4.0625
| 4
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Resource Allocation In Joint Public-Private Agricultural Research
Federal technology transfer legislation has encouraged increased collaboration between the public and private sectors, including joint research ventures known as Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAs). While several economically important technologies have been developed through CRADAs, there is concern that CRADA may divert public research from its central research missions. This study compares the pattern of research resource allocation for CRADA projects at the U.S. Department of Agriculture with research priorities of public and private intramural agricultural research. The findings suggest that CRADAs have attracted considerable private co-financing of joint research projects, and may have enabled public research to concentrate more resources on research areas where private incentives are relatively weak.
Volume (Year): 17 (1999)
Issue (Month): 2 ()
|Contact details of provider:|| Postal: 301 Conner Hall, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7509|
Web page: http://www.agecon.uga.edu/~jab/
More information through EDIRC
References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Richard R. Nelson, 1959. "The Simple Economics of Basic Scientific Research," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 67, pages 297.
- KELLY A. Day & GEORGE B. Frisvold, 1993. "Medical Research And Genetic Resources Management: The Case Of Taxol," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 11(3), pages 1-11, 07.
When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ags:jloagb:14725. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.
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Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.
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<urn:uuid:395e0d5d-7303-4fcd-bada-3d4b1bf78935>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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https://ideas.repec.org/a/ags/jloagb/14725.html
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en
| 0.882241
| 621
| 1.710938
| 2
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by Thomas Catenacci
A group of environmentalists voiced opposition to potential Massachusetts solar projects that could generate at least 250 kilowatts of electricity.
The majority of those who attended a public hearing hosted by the Amherst, Massachusetts, Community Resources Committee said they supported a moratorium on such projects that would expire in May 2023, the Daily Hampshire Gazette reported. The proposed moratorium would prohibit surrounding municipalities from green lighting any solar project that exceeds the 250-kilowatt-capacity threshold.
The moratorium was proposed by three town councilors after an 11-megawatt solar farm was proposed in the area, the Gazette reported. A solar field that produces 250 kilowatts of electricity would power 71 households while one that produces 11 megawatts would power more than 3,000 homes, according to a federal estimate.
Jane Scanlan-Emigh, a representative of the local chapter of the environmental group the Sunrise Movement, explained that the opposition to the projects was driven by the potential deforestation required to make space for fields of solar panels, the Gazette reported. Pat DeAngelis, one of the councilors who sponsored the moratorium, said residents supported sustainability goals, but that there needed to be restrictions on placement.
The five-person Community Resources Committee will decide if the measure will be passed along to the full town council at the end of January. To pass the Amherst town council, two-thirds of its members need to vote in favor of it.
“It is a wise move for the town of Amherst at this point,” said Kathleen Bridgewater, a local who supports the moratorium, according to the Gazette.
However, the moratorium received some pushback from locals and national climate leaders, who argued the development of renewable energy resources cannot be delayed.
“Green New Deal activists have proved time and time again that their priority isn’t actually to deploy clean energy in real time or make progress in the fight against climate change,” Benji Backer, president of the environmental group American Conservation Coalition, told the Daily Caller News Foundation in a statement.
“It’s about ‘their way or the highway,’ and unfortunately, clean energy in Massachusetts will suffer for it. Each day we allow the Green New Deal to dominate the conversation is another day lost in protecting our environment,” he continued.
Climate activists, meanwhile, have also protested nickel and lithium mines, which are key for the development of renewable energy technologies, in the U.S. and abroad for their harmful impact on the environment. Protesters recently stationed outside a proposed lithium mine site in Nevada which has faced multiple legal challenges as well.
– – –
Thomas Catenacci is a reporter at Daily Caller News Foundation.
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<urn:uuid:9288a2f6-42d3-4b11-8f81-38b6223a1ccd>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://theohiostar.com/2022/01/15/climate-activists-oppose-major-solar-projects-over-deforestation-concerns/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00278.warc.gz
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en
| 0.947033
| 559
| 2.140625
| 2
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Faced with warnings about the dire state of the fire department on the eve of the Carmel fire, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu demonstrated no sense of urgency. But since the fire, he has been moving with impressive speed.
In the blink of an eye, he sent Joseph Ciechanover to use the "moment of grace" provided by the international rescue effort to salvage Israel's relations with Turkey. Ciechanover, who served as director general of the Foreign Ministry 30 years ago, when Moshe Dayan was minister, is now being asked to mend the damage caused by Foreign Minister Avigdor Lieberman's deputy.
Not long afterward, more tidings emerged from the Prime Minister's Office, accompanied by a nice group photo with a woman: Netanyahu has appointed Netanya Mayor Miriam Feirberg to oversee compensation for victims of the fire.
The letters of appointment issued to Ciechanover and Feirberg (if anyone even bothered to draft some ) are testimonials to the paucity of Israel's government. Ciechanover and Feirberg join Netanyahu's private lawyer, Isaac Molho, who represents him in negotiations with the Americans and the Palestinians. This is called outsourcing, a process the Hebrew version of Wikipedia describes as a modern method of management whose goal is to let subcontractors handle activities that are not among the organization's core functions, thereby freeing the organization to focus on its core functions.
But what are the government's core functions, if they do not include contacts with foreign countries or managing a crisis caused by poor preparation for a natural disaster - let alone peace negotiations?
The cabinet's conference table is too small to seat the 29 ministers who surround Netanyahu (in addition to nine deputy ministers ). On one side sits Moshe Ya'alon, a vice prime minister with no real portfolio who was once the army's chief of staff. Next to him is Silvan Shalom, a vice prime minister with a half-empty portfolio who was once foreign minister and before that finance minister. On the other side sits Dan Meridor, a minister without portfolio - excuse me, minister of intelligence and atomic energy - who has previously served as justice minister and finance minister. Next to him is another minister without portfolio, Benny Begin, a former science minister. And let's not forget Yossi Peled, a former major general and another minister without portfolio, or Michael Eitan, the minister in charge of improving government services. Meshulam Nahari also has a minister's office, complete with secretary, spokesman and driver - but no portfolio.
Ciechanover and Feirberg are talented, experienced and energetic people. There is no doubt that they will carry out the tasks assigned to them in the best possible way. There is also no doubt that had the Prime Minister's Office published want ads for an expert negotiator and a project manager, the government's tender committee could have found quite a few suitable candidates.
Likewise, there are many talented Israelis capable of filling the tiny shoes of Interior Minister Eli Yishai, and even some who understand economics better than Finance Minister Yuval Steinitz. Indeed, after the Carmel fire fiasco, it is far from certain that Netanyahu would win a tender to become PM.
Want to enjoy 'Zen' reading - with no ads and just the article? Subscribe todaySubscribe now
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<urn:uuid:160b6ef9-8fe0-428a-8170-dd3872d3c2d7>
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CC-MAIN-2016-44
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http://www.haaretz.com/who-needs-a-government-1.329401
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| 0.958437
| 679
| 1.523438
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Geothermal energy is one of California’s most significant renewable energy resources. It can heat and cool homes, generate electricity, provide temperature control for greenhouses and wineries, and more, all with little or no greenhouse gas emissions. And, it functions 24 hours a day, seven days a week. And yet, it remains relatively unknown among California’s public.
On April 7, 2011, The California Geothermal Energy Collaborative held a Geothermal Education and Outreach Workshop at the UC Davis Alumni Center, to introduce the basic principals and features of geothermal energy in the state. The purpose of the meeting provided an opportunity for attendees to learn about the benefits of geothermal energy for energy efficiency, climate change and development of a net zero community.
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<urn:uuid:4b86ca45-b24f-46c7-81b9-473e6371d490>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://cgec.ucdavis.edu/california-geothermal-education-workshop/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00675.warc.gz
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| 0.88951
| 155
| 3.390625
| 3
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We are a group of machine learning and life science researchers who are collaborating on developing machine learning methods for finding promising antiviral molecules for COVID-19 and other emerging pathogens.
COVID-19 pandemic highlights the acute need to develop fast, on-demand therapeutics against pathogens and health threats. Traditional approaches to drug development are expensive, too slow to react to pandemics like COVID-19. AI tools on the other hand have the potential to accelerate and transform this effort, enabling rapid, large scale search and identification of effective candidates for therapeutics. To translate this potential to success, we believe we must bring together researchers in computational and life sciences. While these communities are today closer than ever, we still sometimes speak different languages. The goal of this website is to lower the barrier for people from varied backgrounds to get involved and contribute to our shared, global goal. For computational experts we provide datasets, ways to frame ML problems, suggestions of possible ML tools to try, along with discussion of technical challenges. For life science researchers we offer the opportunity to bring in desperately needed domain expertise, posing questions for AI researchers to solve, data to look at. Data specific to COVID-19 is still limited today but the situation is going to change substantially in the coming weeks and months. We can all contribute.
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<urn:uuid:7f036966-a796-456d-8af8-c9aa573cd62e>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.aicures.mit.edu/
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en
| 0.917886
| 276
| 1.78125
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The ABC has an article quoting Peter Newman and Kjell Aleklett talking about peak oil and the credit crunch (personally I think oil prices were just one factor causing the GFC, and not the main one) - Global downturn cushioned peak oil impact.
One of the Federal Government's top infrastructure advisers is warning of an oil crunch that could send the global economy spiralling back toward recession.
Curtin University Professor Peter Newman sits on the Government's Infrastructure Australia Council and says peak oil - when demand outstrips dwindling supply - has already hit but that the global downturn has kept prices low.
Professor Newman even blames oil for causing the global recession in the first place, and he is not alone.
It is an issue being taken seriously by some local councils which have drawn up peak oil contingencies. Proponents of the scenario said the cost of oil and therefore petrol would rise exponentially in the first decade of this century when increasing demand outstripped finite supply.
With oil now hovering at about $US85 a barrel it does not seem to have happened - at least in the original timeframe. But Professor Newman says the world reached peak oil in 2008 when it spiked at about $140 a barrel and sent petrol prices soaring.
"Peak oil did happen I believe in 2008 and it didn't happen because some oil exporting country had a revolution or something. It just happened because we couldn't produce enough to meet the demand," he said.
Professor Newman largely blames the global financial crisis on oil prices. "Subprime mortgages were mostly out on the urban fringes miles away from work. People had to drive and when the price of fuel tripled in American cities they couldn't pay their mortgages," he said.
As the global economy has strengthened in recent months so has the oil price, and Professor Newman says it does not bode well for recovery. "As the demand increases again the supply crunch will happen and the price will go up," he said.
Peak oil solutions
Professor Kjell Aleklett, the Swedish-based president of the Association for the Study of Peak Oil and Gas, is in agreement with his Australian counterpart. "The fact is that we are producing less oil now than we did in 2008, so just now we have 2008 as the peak year for peak oil," he said.
Professor Aleklett says he thinks the world will find a way around the problem simply because it will grind to a halt if it does not.
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<urn:uuid:77e6ea96-6da5-4435-bf09-f8f2ceb9ac2e>
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CC-MAIN-2016-44
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http://peakenergy.blogspot.com/2010/04/peter-newman-global-downturn-cushioned.html
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en
| 0.975601
| 503
| 2.1875
| 2
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Rewilding Europe – Coordinating Beneficiary
Rewilding Europe wants to make Europe a wilder place, with much more space for wildlife, wilderness and natural processes. Bringing back the variety of life for us all to enjoy and exploring new ways for people to earn a fair living from the wild. Rewilding Europe presents a vision in which wild nature is recognised as an indispensable part of Europe’s natural and cultural heritage and a necessary building block for a modern, prosperous and healthy society.
Rewilding Europe proposes a new conservation vision for Europe, with wild nature and natural processes as key elements, and where rewilding is applicable to any type of landscape or level of protection. The initiative views wild nature as something that is fully capable of taking care of itself. This concept should become the main management principle for many of Europe’s natural areas in the future. Rewilding Europe is a pan-European initiative with a team of people from 13 European countries.
Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds (BSPB) – Associated Beneficiary
As the Bulgarian partner of BirdLife International, the Bulgarian Society for the protection of Birds (BSPB) is one of the largest membership NGOs in Bulgaria. Founded in 1988, BSPB works for the conservation of the biodiversity and encourages the equitable and sustainable use of natural resources. Work areas include ecosystem and species protection, protected area management, conservation education and sustainable agriculture. The core of BSPB’s work is dedicated to conserving globally threatened species, such as the Egyptian Vulture, Eastern Imperial Eagle, Saker Falcon, Red-breasted Goose, White-headed Duck, Dalmatian Pelican and others. BSPB operates two nature conservation centers in Bulgaria – near Burgas and in Madzharovo.
Hellenic Ornithological Society (HOS) – Associated Beneficiary
Founded in 1982, the HOS is a non-governmental, nationwide, non-profit organisation working for the protection of wild birds and their habitats. As the BirdLife International partner in Greece, it aims to study and protect wild birds and their habitats in Greece, provide scientific information and data to the Greek Government and European Union, and inform and inspire the public. The HOS undertakes large-scale monitoring work on bird populations and is actively involved in the conservation and management of protected areas in Greece. As a partner in the EuroSAP LIFE project, it coordinates the development of the International Single Species Action Plan for the Dalmatian pelican.
Persina Nature Park Directorate – Associated Beneficiary
Bulgaria’s Persina Nature Park Directorate, which falls under the jurisdiction of the country’s Executive Forests Agency, is responsible for the management of Persina Nature Park, which was declared a protected area in 2000. The directorate’s diverse responsibilities and activities include the organisation of specialised scientific studies, maintenance and restoration measures for the protection of plant and animal species and their habitats, educational programmes for local inhabitants and visitors, preparation of communications material, contracting for visitor infrastructure, preservation of cultural and historic heritage, coordination of activities in the park management plan, monitoring of important flora and fauna species, control regimes and restrictions within the park, and the maintenance of a database on biodiversity and natural resources.
Rewilding Danube Delta – Associated Beneficiary
Rewilding Danube Delta is an independent partner of Rewilding Europe in Romania, based in the town of Tulcea. The main goals of the organisation are to support the restoration of natural ecosystems in the Danube Delta and the development of local nature-based economies. The organisation is involved in international rewilding programmes working to transform former polders into reflooded wetlands. Once rewilded these function as optimal habitats for breeding and migrating birds, and offer local communities new sources of income linked to wildlife tourism and sustainable fisheries.
Rewilding Ukraine – Associated Beneficiary
The non-governmental organisation Rewilding Ukraine is Rewilding Europe’s principal Ukrainian partner. Its main goals are to support the restoration of wild nature and development of nature-based economies in the Ukrainian part of the Danube Delta. Rewilding Ukraine works to conserve and restore wetlands, forests and steppes, and to support the recovery of key species (either through natural comeback or reintroduction) such as the Dalmatian pelican, red deer, eagle owl and kulan (wild ass). It also aims to reintroduce natural grazing in restored ecosystems, using large herbivores such as water buffalo, wild horses and grey cattle. The organisation is working on a programme to support the development of nature-based tourism and other economic models that support wild nature.
Romanian Ornithological Society/BirdLife Romania (SOR) – Associated Beneficiary
Founded in 1990, the SOR is an independent non-governmental organisation working to conserve birds and other wildlife. It is the Romanian partner of BirdLife International. As Romania’s largest wildlife conservation charity, the SOR works to conserve and study wild bird species, their habitats and sites in Romania, and to increase people’s awareness of the environment and the need for its protection. With a headquarters in Bucharest and two regional offices in Cluj-Napoca and Tulcea, its national coverage includes 19 branches and two school groups.
Decentralized Administration of the Peloponnese, Western Greece and Ionian; Decentralized Administration of Epirus and Western Macedonia; Society for the Protection of Prespa; Ministry of Environment and Energy; AMVRAKIKOS GULF; Fishing Assosiation of Logarou Lagoon; Management body of Messolonghi Lagoon
Regional forest directorate – Burgas; Regional forest directorate – Kardzhali; Lukoil Neftochim Burgas AD; Regional Inspectorate of Environment and Water – Stara Zagora; Regional Inspectorate of Environment and Water – Haskovo; Executive Forest Agency; Electricity System Operator EAD Company
General Association of Hunters and Anglers in Romania; E-distributie Dobrogea; E-distributie Muntenia; Danube Delta Bioshere Reserve; Danube Delta national institute for research and development – Tulcea; Ministry of Environment
Ministry of Agriculture, nature and foodquality
African-Eurasian Migratory Waterdird Agreement
Danube Biosphere Reserve; Orlovka village council
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Is the video not loading? Try the following troubleshooting tips:
- Make sure the Flash Player is up to date
- Clear your browser's cookies and cache
- Switch your video player (going from HTML5 to Flash often does the trick)
- Refresh the browser
- Quit your browser and re-open it
- Log out of and log back in
- Try a different browser, like Google Chrome
- Turn off hardware acceleration (in Firefox or on Windows)
If you are able to hear, but not see, the videos in a course, you may be affected by an issue with the Firefox browser. Please try using another browser to access the site. Click here for directions on how to update your Firefox browser to version 38.
If you're still having trouble, it's possible that there's something wrong with the video file. Please send a message to the instructor and to firstname.lastname@example.org and we'll get to the bottom of it! When you contact us be sure to include the following in your message:
- Your browser
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- A screenshot or screencast of the problem. Please walk us through the issue.
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When it comes to being a boat owner, there may not be anything more embarrassing than sinking your beautiful vessel. And sinking your boat at the dock because of a missing drain plug? Well, that just takes the cake. It’s the simple mistakes that tend to be the most humiliating, and among those excruciating mistakes lies the dreaded missing drain plug. What’s crazy is this is one of the most common problems boaters face out there. In fact, we’re betting a relatively high percentage of you have experienced this firsthand. And if this hasn’t happened to you (yet), you better knock on wood, because as much as you think you would never let this go down, it’s happened to the best of us.
For at least one of our readers, that unlucky day has already come. On a recent outing, he made the error of forgetting to check if the plug was installed before launching the boat. The launch area had been tight and overcrowded, so in a rush to unload the boat into the water and park the truck and trailer in a timely manner, his typical protocol went out the window. With everyone situated in the boat and his mind focused on starting the engine and getting underway, he wasn’t paying too much attention to his son’s comments about water creeping up into the back of the boat. Upon pulling away from the dock, he realized his son’s incessant complaints were valid. Turning around, he stared in horror at the alarming amount of water — 2 feet and rising — with not a clue where the missing plug could be.
You can imagine how this story ends. Fortunately, the family was fine; both passengers were wearing life jackets, and they were still close to the dock. However, the same couldn’t be said for their boat, which sat completely underwater with only the bow visible. The moral of the story is simple: 1) devise a plan for remembering your drain plug and never veer from it, and 2) always listen when someone complains about water entering the boat, even if it is just a kid.
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Here’s a presentation, Exaggerated Claims Undermine Science by Ignoring the Scientific Method, by Rob Kass, a statistician who over the years has done a lot of interesting work on statistical theory and applications, especially in neuroscience. A few years ago, we discussed Kass’s thoughts on statistical pragmatism. And here’s a discussion of a couple of papers by Kass and Brad Efron, which may be the first time I quoted Hal Stern that “the big divide in statistics is not between Bayesians and non-Bayesians but rather between modelers and non-modelers.” (That’s similar to the other Hal Stern quote that “what’s important in a statistical method is not what it does with the data but what data it uses.” I guess Hal has a certain style with his aphorisms.)
Rob argues that the way that a big problem in science communication is that the way that science is presented—as a set of known facts—does not match the give-and-take of the scientific process.
True science is collaborative or kaleidoscopic in many ways: many models of the world, many sources of data, many techniques of measurement, many researchers (including yourself at different times). The exciting process of scientific discovery is not well captured either by dry textbooks (at one extreme) or the scientist-as-hero framework of Freakonomics and Ted talks.
In his talk, Kass goes into details on a social neuroscience example, discussing among other things the often misunderstood distinction between correlation and causation. As someone who’s done a lot of work in survey research, I’d also like to emphasize that correlation does not even imply correlation. Also, a minor thing: Kass discusses how a regression “controls” for variables. I prefer to say “adjust for.” But that’s all minor. Overall I recommend Rob’s talk in that it connects general issues of science to more specific questions about what is statistics.
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Being able to remotely control a computer is very useful, not only because it allows people to remotely access their files, but also because it's the best way to get or offer PC-related assistance when it's needed. Fortunately, the latest version of Windows offers this kind of functionality from the get-go, so you won't even need to install any third-party applications. If you want to know more about this, here's how to use the remote desktop feature of Windows 10.
You will need to use the application called Remote Desktop Connection. This app is offered by Windows by default to help you remotely connect to a computer. Anyway, although you can use this simple utility to remotely access a computer from any Windows 10 version, you need to have at least the Windows 10 Pro OS edition in order to provide others with remote access to your PC. In other words, if you have a lighter edition of Windows 10 than Pro, such as, for example, Windows 10 Home, then you will only be able to connect to another PC, but you won't be able to access the settings that enable you to also share your computer with others. This is also the most common explanation if you wonder why those remote access settings are missing from your Windows system: you have Windows 10 Home edition which simply doesn't include this functionality.
Before being able to actually use the Remote Desktop Connection feature, you have to enable remote access to your computer. You can do this by following these simple steps:
1. Open the File Explorer (press the Windows key + E);
2. Right click on "This PC" and select Properties;
3. In the appeared window click the Remote Settings button from the left-side pane (you're going to need administrator privileges);
4. A "System Properties" window will open. Go to the Remote tab and tick the "Allow Remote Assistance connections to this computer" option. Press OK.
Enabling Remote Access
Anyway, enabling remote access on your computer is not yet enough to connect to the PC remotely. You also have to know the domain name or the IP address of your computer. The good news is that obtaining the IP address, if you don't already know it, is very simple and straightforward. Just use an online search engine like Google to look for something like "find my IP" and you'll get plenty of results that help you quickly see your IP address.
Now you may open the Remote Desktop Connection application (press the Windows key + S to open Windows Search, type its name, and click on it). Provide the required data, either using IP addresses or domain names, and you may remotely connect to other computers.
Remote Desktop Connection
The Remote Desktop Connection app also offers plenty of advanced options, suitable especially for power users looking for more thorough control over every little aspect of the remote connection. Anyway, despite its rather obvious advantages, I'd still don't feel fully comfortable with using the default solution offered by Windows 10 for remote connectivity. I prefer to rely on consecrated third-party tools like Radmin, VNC, or Team Viewer, that have proven their reliability and handiness over the years, and that also offer plenty of additional benefits. Using them may prove to be just as simple, or even simpler, than the default Windows 10 app.
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Print / View Finding Aid as Single Page
Guide to the Jane LaTour Papers
||Jane LaTour Papers
||Jane LaTouris a journalist, labor activist, and educator living in New York City.
She has written for various union publications, managed the Women's Project of the
Association for Union Democracy, and wrote the book
Sisters in the Brotherhoods: Working Women Organizing for Equality in New York City. She is a two-time winner of the Mary Heaton Vorse Award, the top labor journalism
award in New York City. The papers of Jane LaTour consist of drafts and research files
for her book
Sisters in the Brotherhoods. There are also a great deal of oral histories and research and advocacy files on
women in the labor movement.
||7.0 linear feet in 7 record cartons
|Language of Materials note:
||Materials are in English.
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« AnteriorContinuar »
SPECIFIC RHETORICAL RULES, EXERCISES,
RULE I. Every period so constructed as to have its two principal members connected by correspondent conjunctions or adverbs, requires a long pause, and the rising inflexion at the end of the first principal member.*
EXAMPLES “ As we perceive the sha’dow/ to have moved along the di'al, but did not perceive its mov'ing ; so the adva'nces/ we make in learning, (consisting of insensible st'eps,) are only perceived by the di’stance gone o'ver.”
“ As the bea’uty of the body/ must always accompany the health'-of-it, so is decency of beha'viour/ a necessary conco'mitant to virtue.”
RULE II. Every period, consisting of two principal parts, and having only the first part to commence with a conjunction or adverb, requires a long pause and the rising inflexion at the end of the first part.
EXAMPLES. “ As in my speculations, I have endeavoured to extinguish pa'ssion and pre"judice, I am still desirous of doing some go'od/ in thi's-particular.”
" As no man can enjoy hap'piness/ unless he thinks”-he-enjoys-it, the experience of calam'ity/ is necessary to a just sen'se of be'tter-fortune.”
* With a view towards diminishing the labour of the teacher, and, at the same time, ensuring a more perfect reading of the Examples of the “ Specific Rules,” the Editor has marked the whole of the intermediate pauses and inflections that occur in these Examples ;-an improvement which can hardly fail to be acknowledged. It will be perceived that the principal or leading slide (whether rising or falling, and which will require a little additional force) is marked throughout double, thus " ", and that the rhetorical pause is indicated by a slanting line (1) as after “shadow.”
Note. When the emphatical word in the conditional part of these sentences is in direct opposition to another word in the conclusion, and a concession is implied in the former, in order to strengthen the argument in the latter, the middle of the sentence has the falling, and the latter member the rising inflexion.
EXAMPLES. “ If we have no regard for rel'igion in youth", we oug'ht to have some regard for it in ag"e.”
“ If we have no regard for our own" character, we ought to have some regard for the character of oth'ers."
In these examples the words “youth” and “ own character have the principal falling, and both periods end with the rising inflexion ; but if these sentences had been formed so as to have made the latter member a mere inference from, or consequence of, the former, the general rule would have taken place, and the first emphatical word would have had the rising, and the last the falling inflexion.
EXAMPLES. “ If we have no regard for relig'ion in youth", we have se'ldom any regaʼrd-for-it/ in age"."
“ If we have no regard for our own" character, it can scarcely be expec'ted/ we should have any regard for the ch'aracter of oth'ers.'
RULE III. Periods which commence with participles of the present, or present perfect, tense, consist of two parts, between which must be inserted the long pause and rising inflexion.
EXAMPLES. Regarding the morality of the Go'spel/ in no higher point of vie'w/ than as it affects the in'terests of manki'nd in thi'sworld, we have the clearest conviction of its incomparable e'xcellence, and are constrained to acknowledge/ its divine auth‘ority.'
* If we consider the “morality of the Gospel" as affecting also the “ interests of mankind " in the world to come, then the adverb even would be understood," this ” would require the strong emphasis, and, consequently, the falling inflexion.See Note.
“ Having already shewn how the fancy is affected by the works of nature, and afterwards consi’dered/ in ge'neral/ both the works of na'ture and of a'rt, how they mutually assis't and complete each o'ther, in forming such scenes and prospects as are most ap't/ to delight the mind of the behold'er ; I shall/ in this paper/ throw together some reflec'tions on that parti'cular-art/ which has a more immediate ten'dency/ than any oʻther, to produce those primary pleasures of the imagin'ation which ha've/ hi’therto/ been the subject of this discou'rse.'
Note.When the last word of the first part of these sentences requires the strong emphasis, the falling inflexion must be used instead of the rising.
EXAMPLE “ Hannibal being frequently destitute of mo'ney and provi'sions, with no recruits of strengʻth/ in case of i'll-fortune, and no encou'ragement/ even when success"ful; it is not to be won'dered-at/ that his affairs begʻan/ at length/ to decli'ne.”
RULE IV. Every period where the first part forms perfect sense by itself, but is modified or determined in its signification by the latter, requires the rising inflection and long pause at the end of the first part.
EXAMPLES. 1st. “Gr'atian/ very often recomme'nds the fine taste", as the utmost perfec'tion-of an accom'plished man."
In this sentence the first member ending at “ taste," forms perfect sense, but is qualified by the last ; for Gratian is not said simply to recommend the fine taste, but to recommend it in a certain way; that is, “as the utmost perfection of an accomplished-man."
2d.“ Persons of good-taste expect to be pleas"ed, at the same-time/ they are informed.'
Here perfect sense is formed at “pleased,” but it is not meant that persons of “good taste" are pleased in general, but only with reference to the time they are informed. For the same reasons, the same pause and inflexion must precede the conjunction “though," in the following examples. . “I can desire to perceive those things that G'od/ has pre
pared for tho'se/ that love" him, though they be suc'h/ as ey'e, hath not se'en, e'ar/ hea'rd, n'or/ hath it entered* into the heart of m’an/ to conce'ive.” “ The sound of lov'e/ makes your soft heart afraid,
And guard" itself, though but a child invade.”
RULE V. Every member of a sentence forming consistent sense, and followed by two other members, which do not restrain or qualify its signification, requires the falling inflexion.
EXAMPLES. “ It is th'is/ that recommends vari"ety, where the mind is every instant called o'ff/ to something ne'w, and the attention not suffered to dwell too lo'ng/ on any partic'ular-object."
“ For this reason/ there is nothing more enlivens a proʻspect, than ri'vers, jet-d'ea'ux, and falls of wa'ter, where the scene is perpetually shifting, and entertaining the sight every m'oment/ with som'ething/ that is ne'w.”
In these instances, though the word “ water” in the last sentence, and the word “variety” in the preceding example, are marked with a comma only, precision as well as harmony requires the falling inflexion ; the first member being a kind of text to the whole sentence, and not so closely connected with the succeeding members, as these last are with each other.
RULE VI. When sentences have two parts, corresponding with each other, so as to form an antithesis, they are termed « antithetic members ;"—the first part always concluding with the emphatic rising inflexion.
EXAMPLES “We are always complaining our days are few", and ac'ting/ as though there should be no end-of-them.”
“ The pleasures of the imagin’ation/ are not so gro'ss/ as those of sense”, nor so refi'ned/ as those of the understanding.'
* It is necessary to notice that, in Scripture-language, the participial termination “ed” is always pronounced as a distinct syllable.
RULE VII. Every member of a sentence immediately preceding the last, entitled the “penultimate member," requires the rising inflexion.
EXAMPLE. “ Aristotle te'lls us, that the world/ is a copy or transcript of those ide'as which are in the mind of the first Be’ing; and that those ideas/ which are in the mind of m'an/ are a tran'script of the world : to thi's/ we may a'dd, that wor'ds/ are a transcript of those ide'as/ which are in the mind of man", and that writing or prin ting/ is the tran'script of words."
Note.-Emphasis, which controls every other rule in reading, forms an exception to this ; where an emphatic word is in the first member of a sentence, and the last has no emphatical word, this penultimate member then terminates with the falling inflexion.
EXAMPLE. " I must therefore desire the re’ader/ to reme'mber, thʼat/ by the pleasures of the imagin’ation, I meant only su'ch/ as aris'e ori'ginally/ from sight"; and that I divide these pleasures/ into tw'o-kinds."
RULE VIII. When the first member of a sentence forms perfect sense, and is followed by two members necessarily connected, the falling inflexion must be placed on the last word of the first member.
EXAMPLE. “ It shall ever be my study/ to make discoveries of this n'ature/ in human life"; and to settle the proper distin'ctions/ between the vir'tues and perfec"tions-of-mankind, and those false co'lours and resemblances-of-them, that shin'e/ alik'e) in the ey’es of the vulgar.”
Obs.- In this example we may observe, that the falling inflexion might have been placed on the second member, (on“ mankind,”) if the second and third members had not been necessarily connected by an antithesis ; which shows that the falling inflexion requires the member it is placed on, not only to have perfect sense independent of the succeeding member, but at the same time requires the succeeding member to be dependent on a third.
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It behooves me always to imitate the example of the ass. When he is evilly spoken of, he is dumb. When he is starved, he is dumb. When he is overloaded, he is dumb. When he is despised and neglected, he is still dumb. He never complains in any circumstances, for he is only an ass. So also, must God’s servant be… ut iumentum factus sum apud te.
Today is the feast day of St Peter Claver. Few U.S. Catholics have heard of Peter Claver. But elsewhere in the American hemisphere, he is well-known. So who was Peter Claver?
Pedro Claver Corbero (1580-1654) was born in Verdu, Catalonia. At age 13, he suffered a double tragedy when his mother and brother died within days of each other. At age 22, Pedro left home to join the Jesuits. After advanced Jesuit education in Barcelona, Tarragon, and Majorca, Claver followed the call of God to minister to slaves in South America. This ministry came about thusly: in 1605, Pedro met a man called Alfonso Rodriguez in Majorca. Alfonso became Pedro’s mentor. sometime later, Alfonso had a vision of an empty throne in Heaven. An unseen voice told Alfonso that the throne was for Pedro who would face great danger in the West Indies. Thereupon, Alfonso asked Pedro to go to the Islands and serve the slaves. In 1610, he traveled to Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, at the time, the leading slave port in the world.
Claver cared for the poor and the sick slaves, some of who were afflicted with leprosy. He would meet the incoming slave ships and provide blankets and fresh fruits to the arriving slaves. He created a corps of interpreters and catechists to teach the slaves the Bible. in 1616, he was ordained by the Bishop of Cartagena.
It is said that Claver baptized over 300,000 slaves in his 44-year career. That is more than any single person in recorded history.
In about 1650, Claver was stricken with a degenerative disease, possibly what later would be labelled Parkinsons Disease. He became bedridden, and a slave was assigned to assist him. historical evidence suggests that the man who was so kind to the slaves was physically abused by his slave caretaker.
Pedro Claver died on September 9, 1654. He was beatified in 1850 and canonized in 1888 by Pope Leo XII, who, in 1896 declared him patron saint of missions to African slaves. Today, he is recognized as patron of slaves, Colombia, African Americans, and race relations.
The Knights of Peter Claver is a Catholic men’s group founded in 1909 at Most Pure Heart of Mary Catholic Church in Mobile, Alabama. The organization was founded to give “colored men” a Catholic fraternal organization. (Yes, sadly, there was a time that those “other Knights” allowed no “colored men” among them. Fortunately those days are gone.) Like the Knights of Columbus, the Knights of Peter Claver are engaged in charitable works. From their start in Alabama a century ago, they now have over 1000 subordinate units around the country.
The Knights of Peter Claver strive to carry out their charitable works with the same selflessness as St Peter Claver himself. The Knights are an important social force for good works in African-American Catholic communities around the country.
Anyone researching African-American Catholic genealogy should check parish records for photographs and artifacts of the local unit of Knights of Peter Claver.
Knights of Peter Claver website: http://www.kofpc.org/
Member’s badge, St. Elizabeth’s Branch, Knights of Peter Claver, St Louis, Missouri. The badge pictured here belonged to Joseph Perry Micheau (1888-1975). When found in 2008, it was in an envelope in which it may have been obtained originally by Joseph Micheau. Original badge in the possession of Edna Micheau Penny, Carmichael, California.
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|
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Do you send E-mails to your friends? E-mails in which you write in words how you are feeling — happy or sad?
Do you want to surprise your friends by sending them an e-mail in a new language? The language of the Internet? If so, then read on to know what Chintu and Pintu write. Then, impress your friends!
Chintu : Hi! 🙂
( I like this big net smile )
Pintu : Hullo! 😉
This is also a smile
Chintu : Remember, in your last e-mail you told me what your sister said about the Indian cricket team. That it is very good in everything except in three areas — batting, bowling, fielding? Ha, ha! That was a great joke. I laughed so loud. Like this
Look sideways. It really is a big laugh.
Pintu : I told that joke to my friend during class and the teacher caught me winking.
Like this! 😉
Chintu : Yesterday I switched on the TV to watch cartoons. But the cable TV guy had once again changed the channel and I had to see news instead. They were showing pictures of people going thirsty and hungry in Gujarat and Rajasthan. Little children walking long distances with their mothers to get a few drops of water.
I feel sad and want to cry ;'-(
Pintu : Yes. They call it drought. My sister told me. She says there has not been a water shortage like this in Gujarat in the last 200 years. Most towns get water once in two or three days. And only for 15 to 30 minutes.
Fights are also taking place. At one place in Gujarat, farmers became angry when they saw that government officials were trying to take water from their area to the town. The police fired in the air and three farmers died. It makes me frown 🙁
Chintu : Yes, my mother was reading in the newspaper that some villages have this problem because the panchayat or the district officials failed to install a motor in wells.
In some wells, the water is so little and deep down, at 200 feet. Imagine a woman is lowered by rope all the way down. She actually stands on the surface. People lower down their vessels with ropes and she fills the vessels.
It makes me so angry that I scowl :-/
Pintu : Oh no! :-O These politicians are too much. I feel like screaming :-@
Chintu : Hey, my mother’s calling me. I must close now :-X
Hugs [ ] and kisses *: to you.
Pintu : Bye!
Chintu-Pintu’s guide to help you
😉 This is also a smile
😀 This is a laugh
:-} This is a grin
😉 This is a wink
😎 This is a wide-eyed look
[ ] This is a hug
*: This is a kiss
[ ] and *: This is a hug and a kiss
;'-( This is crying
:-@ This is a scream
:-/ This is a scowl
🙁 This is a frown
;-p Sticking the tongue out
😮 Oh no!
:-X Closing off!
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Many are moving toward materials, principles and standards of pharmaceutical or laboratory hygiene or extending “clean room” conditions as broadly as is practical in the plant environment.
Share your knowledge and experience with quality, food safety and hygienic principles – those that you apply in the lab – with plant personnel to help extend that shield of safety over your entire plant.
One such product from Degussa Building Products is marketed under the name “Degadur” in the U.S. It was developed in Europe, where it is still sold as “Silikal.” Degussa purchased Silikal in 1998. The unit operates today as SRS Flooring.
“It’s a material that will expand and contract with the concrete,” says Gunst, noting its use in meat plants, bakeries, fish processing plants, dairies and beverage plants in Europe. “You see fish processing plants in Europe that have had the flooring for 20 years. Next to a floor that’s one or two years old, you couldn’t tell the difference. It’s one of those products that, for some reason, has been slow to come to the states.”
Creating a clean room
The same food safety logic that applies to flooring can be applied to nearly all materials used in the creation of a processing facility. Food and sanitation materials may cause corrosion in surfaces all over a plant – walls, ceilings, work surfaces, pieces of machinery – and this corrosion creates homes for microbes, weakens materials and makes cleaning difficult.
As a result, the concept of creating a “clean room-like” environment is getting a lot of attention across the food sector, notes Mike Steur, director of marketing at Hixson Architects/Engineers, Cincinnati. “Processors are seeking materials that match up to the environment.”
Hixson suggests to clients that they study standards for food contact surfaces for material selection within their plant. The 3-A Sanitary Standards and Accepted Practices provide good guidelines. They recommend, for example, 150-grit stainless steel for food contact surfaces due to its easy-to-clean and corrosion-resistant characteristics.
“Materials in food processing spaces should be corrosion-resistant, nonabsorbent, inert, easily cleanable and non-toxic,” says Scott McGlamery, Hixson engineer. He refers to specific guidelines compiled by his firm for materials used in the presence of different foods, chemicals and processes employed in the food plant environment. For example, PVC resists a wide range of chemicals extremely well, but it is a lot less durable than other materials and may not stand up as well to the heat encountered in the process.
Products addressing corrosion challenges are getting more play in plant upgrades. Rust-Oleum offers its Sierra Performance Coatings, a line of steel coating materials. “It is 100 percent safe and has zero voluble organic compounds and no hazardous air pollutants,” says Cross. “We also have an epoxy that goes straight over rusted metal. You don’t have to sand or prep the surface.”
Other small renovation touches can make for a more pleasant and productive plant environment.
“We go into older plants with a lot of ceiling penetration, disconnect the piping and put in a new ceiling layer, often an insulated metal panel ceiling,” says Shambaugh’s Opperman. “With the new piping coming through, you have a nice, white, better-illuminated plant. It makes the plant clean, with no history of holes.”
He also touts the benefits of insulated metal panels, which hold up well in wet areas. “These are 20- to 30-year products. You can get them in stainless steel and with chemical-resistant coatings.”
For energy efficiency and better illumination, he recommends high-efficiency fluorescent lamps. “You get more lighting out of a smaller unit.”
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<urn:uuid:238d2e71-b1d2-407a-a85d-6b8bf64e488a>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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The Medicine Wheel is located in the Bighorn National Forest on the western peak of Medicine Mountain at an elevation of 9642 feet in the Bighorn Range east of Lovell, Wyoming.
The 75-foot diameter Medicine Wheel is a roughly circular alignment of rocks and associated cairns enclosing 28 radial rows of rock extending out from a central cairn. This feature is part of a much larger complex of interrelated archeological sites and traditional use areas that express 7000 years of Native American adaptation to and use of the alpine landscape that surrounds Medicine Mountain.
Numerous contemporary American Indian traditional use areas and features, including ceremonial staging areas, medicinal and ceremonial plant gathering areas, sweat lodge sites, altars, offering locales and fasting (vision quest) enclosures, can be found nearby. Ethnohistoric, ethnographic, and archeological evidence demonstrates that the Medicine Wheel and the surrounding landscape constitute one of the most important and well preserved ancient Native American sacred site complexes in North America. The Bighorn Medicine Wheel is considered the type site for medicine wheels in North America. Between 70 and 150 wheels have been identified in South Dakota, Wyoming, Montana, Alberta, and Saskatchewan .
In addition to seeing an important part of history, visitors to the Medicine Wheel National Historic Landmark will enjoy traveling through Bighorn National Forest.
Take Medicine Wheel Passage, 32 miles east of Lovell on U.S. Highway 14a, then 2 miles Northwest on Forest Road 12 to parking area and gate. There is about a two mile walk from parking area. Open daylight hours only. Group size limited to 25 people at a time.
This site does not have facilities or camping and may be closed even during the open season due to weather. Open mid-June through mid-September, weather permitting. There are short periods of closure during ceremonial use. Special permissions will be granted for handicap access upon request.
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<urn:uuid:2700e080-34e3-4d27-be44-938bfc1f6226>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.travelwyoming.com/listing/lovell/medicine-wheelmedicine-mountain-national-historic-landmark
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en
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Comorbid Depression Among Untreated Illicit Opiate Users : Results From a Multisite Canadian Study
Series/Report no.Canadian Journal of Psychiatry = Revue canadienne de psychiatrie;Vol. 50, no. 9
This study aimed to describe patterns of major depression (MDD) in a cohort of untreated illicit opiate users recruited from 5 Canadian urban centres, identify sociodemographic characteristics of opiate users that predict MDD, and determine whether opiate users suffering from depression exhibit different drug use patterns than do participants without depression. Baseline data were collected from 679 untreated opiate users in Vancouver, Edmonton, Toronto, Montreal, and Quebec City. Using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form for Major Depression, we assessed sociodemographics, drug use, health status, health service use, and depression. We examined depression rates across study sites; logistic regression analyses predicted MDD from demographic information and city. Chi-square analyses were used to compare injection drug use and cocaine or crack use among participants with and without depression. Almost one-half (49.3%) of the sample met the cut-off score for MDD. Being female, white, and living outside Vancouver independently predicted MDD. Opiate users suffering from depression were more likely than users without depression to share injection equipment and paraphernalia and were also more likely to use cocaine (Ps < 0.05). Comorbid depression is common among untreated opiate users across Canada; targeted interventions are needed for this population.
Wild, T. Cameron, el-Guebaly, Nady, Fischer, Benedickt, Brissette, Suzanne, Brochu, Serge, Bruneau, Julie, Noël, Lina, Rehm, Jürgen, Tyndall, Mark & Mun, Phil (2005, August). Comorbid depression among untreated illicit opiate users : results from a multisite Canadian study. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry = Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 50(9), 512-518.
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<urn:uuid:c34730b7-250f-430c-8c1b-79fc1cff69b6>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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https://papyrus.bib.umontreal.ca/xmlui/handle/1866/12843
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|
en
| 0.856074
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One of the key steps to getting a crispy fried coating on meat is to ensure that the breading sticks to the meat. There are a few things you can do to help this process: 1. Make sure that the meat is dry before breading it. You can either pat it dry with a paper towel or give it a quick rinse and then pat it dry. 2. Use an egg wash to help the breading stick. An egg wash is simply beaten eggs
How To Get Breading To Stick To Meat When Frying
Breading is a technique used to add flavor and texture to food by coating it in a breadcrumb mixture. The most common way to bread food is by dipping it into an egg wash, then rolling it in the breadcrumbs. However, getting the breading to stick to the meat can be a challenge. One way to help the breading stick is to make sure that the meat is wet before you start. You can do this by using a marinade or
-Breading- -Salt- -Pepper- -Frying pan- -Olive oil or cooking spray
- Coat meat in flour, then dip into egg mixture, and finally cover in bread crumbs. carefully place the meat into the hot oil
- High heat
- Preheat oil in a large skillet over medium
– One way to ensure that your breading will stick to your meat when frying is to make sure that the surface of the meat is wet. This can be done by using a wet marinade or by adding milk or an egg to the breading mixture. – Another way to help the breading stick is to use a flour dredge. This is a mixture of flour, salt, and pepper that you can use to coat the meat before you add the breading.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Do You Keep Breading From Falling Off When Frying?
To prevent breading from falling off when frying, you can use an egg wash. An egg wash is a mixture of eggs and water that is used to coat food before breading it. The egg wash will help the breading to stick to the food.
How Do You Make Crispy Things Last Longer?
The best way to make crispy things last longer is to coat them in a layer of oil or fat. This will help seal in the moisture and prevent them from becoming dry and brittle.
How Do You Keep Breading Crispy?
There are a couple of ways to keep breading crispy. One way is to make sure the breading is dry before you dip it in the egg and flour mixture. Another way is to make sure the oil is hot enough so that the breading will fry and not absorb the oil.
There are a few key things to remember when trying to get breading to stick to meat when frying. First, make sure that the meat is completely dry before breading. Second, use a light coating of egg or oil to help the breading adhere. And finally, make sure that the frying oil is hot enough so that the breading will crisp up.
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<urn:uuid:e6120532-2499-484b-be9d-1a74f5d80b37>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://kitchensinkpublishing.com/how-to-get-breading-to-stick-to-meat-when-frying/
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en
| 0.953294
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|
Jammu, March 20 (IANS) Jammu and Kashmir Governor N.N. Vohra on Sunday urged the central government to accord national highway status on the historic Mughal Road connecting the Kashmir Valley with the Jammu region, an official statement said.
In a letter to union Road Transport and Highways Nitin Gadkari Minister, Vohra also sought approval for the construction of an eight-km Chattapani-Zaznar tunnel.
“The declaration of the Mughal Road as a national highway and tunnel’s construction will provide a reliable all-weather alternative link of Jammu with Srinagar via the Rajouri-Shopian axis,” he said in the letter, according to the statement.
The governor cited several avalanche-prone locations near Pir-Ki-Gali on the road’s route and that a considerable portion of it remained snow-bound during winter, rendering it inoperative from late November to April-end.
The union ministry has already declared the Jammu-Akhnoor-Poonch and the Srinagar-Shopian-Qazigund roads as new national highways.
The central government has assisted the state under the Prime Minister’s Reconstruction Plan in constructing 84.10-km Mughal Road stretch.
This road has provided connectivity across the Pir Panjal range, connecting Shopian in Kashmir division with Bafliaz in Jammu division.
From the Poonch side, the construction has resulted in reducing the distance to Srinagar by over 300 km and also contributed to easing traffic on the Jammu-Srinagar national highway.
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<urn:uuid:1b16099d-7baf-40f4-8248-dc84faaad959>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.canindia.com/kashmit-governor-for-national-highway-status-for-mughal-road/
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en
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|
E. Mervyn Taylor: A Tribute
E. Mervyn Taylor: A Tribute. 12 January - 3 February.
This is an historic exhibition of work by past Academy and leading New Zealand artist E. Mervyn Taylor (1906 - 1964). It pays tribute not only to Taylor's association with the Academy, but also his contribution to New Zealand art and design.
Taylor is internationally recognised for his wood engravings in particular. He also produced linocuts (some in multiple colours), watercolours and sculpture and the exhibition presents a cross-section of works from his oeuvre.
Works have been kindly made available by the Taylor family.
High quality gift cards of some of Taylor's woodblack prints and his famous Cats are availabe for sale at the Academy.
http://www.nzafa.com/web/photos/image/251. This bust of Taylor is now in Te Papa's collection.
Tony Mackle, Collection Manager Works on Paper, Te Papa, has written the following on E. Mervyn Taylor for the Dictionary of NZ Biography:
...Mervyn Taylor died in Wellington Hospital on 7 June 1964, survived by his wife and children. Described by friends as a quiet, unassuming man, he had created an oeuvre which extended well beyond the purely physical number and range of his works. He wanted to be both an artist and a communicator, and his career was a total commitment to these ideals. In addition to his own work he did much to encourage other artists, including Cliff Whiting and Para Matchitt. He had a single-minded devotion to his life as a New Zealand artist and embellished this with the high quality and quantity of his creative output.
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<urn:uuid:88888e95-1d6a-4b16-89de-5877ec99599b>
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CC-MAIN-2016-44
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http://www.nzafa.com/web/e-mervyn-taylor-tribute
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en
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Anton Ameiser was born in Munich on the 1 August 1907. He became a merchant after completing his secondary school education and joined the NSDAP in 1933 and then volunteered for the SS-VT in 1938. He was assigned to the SS Cavalry Standarte 15.
Read more about this topic: Anton Ameiser
Other articles related to "early life, early, life":
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... Malay Archipelago, why does this area loom so large in his early work? (Leaving aside The Rescue, whose completion was repeatedly deferred till 1920 ... The prolific and destructive richness of tropical nature and the dreariness of human life within it accorded well with the pessimistic mood of his early works." After Johannes Freiesleben, Danish ... Maceio to begin what Najder calls "the most traumatic journey of his life." After his November 1889 meeting with Thys, and before departing for the Congo, Conrad had again gone to Brussels ...
... In 1935, on his father's advice, Tobin took the entrance exams for Harvard University ... Despite no special preparation for the exams, he passed and was admitted with a national scholarship from the university ...
Famous quotes containing the words life and/or early:
“I have a life that did not become,
that turned aside and stopped,
—Archie Randolph Ammons (b. 1926)
“Love is the hardest thing in the world to write about. So simple. Youve got to catch it through details, like the early morning sunlight hitting the gray tin of the rain spout in front of her house. The ringing of a telephone that sounds like Beethovens Pastoral. A letter scribbled on her office stationery that you carry around in your pocket because it smells of all the lilacs in Ohio.”
—Billy Wilder (b. 1906)
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<urn:uuid:8cc5486f-d1e5-4fd6-a990-4f0515e2193b>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.primidi.com/anton_ameiser/early_life
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en
| 0.970767
| 421
| 1.726563
| 2
|
In essence, a thing may declare a person cursable, concomitant with its sovereign rights to declare war, or to declare someone outlaw. Once someone is declared outlaw, if they are found within the vicinity of the community, they may be killed by anyone with impunity, of course. Similarly, once a state of war has been declared with an individual or community, they may be cursed with impunity, because all bets are off at that point. But conversely, a curse is an act of war. It is the psychological / psychic level of warfare that accompanies other levels and forms of warfare. In other words, curses are battle-magic (addressed, for example, in the First Merseburg Charm), and thus appropriate, if at all, if and only if one is completely out of a state of frith or grith with another. (In the second Helgi Hundingsbani, Sigrun curses Dag because he has killed her husband to whom Dag had given oaths.)
Investing curses as a judicial function of the community may be immensely displeasing to modern practitioners of magic who hoped to gain some extralegal means of asserting malevolence or revenge, but such behavior could never be tolerated in a lawful community, because it violates the basic rule of law. In fact, it was never tolerated. The ancient Germanic laws are very clear that maleficia, defined as malevolent magic (and not, as the Christian Church later confused the issue, mixed with acts of contraception and abortion), is a judicial offense, and a crime on its face, punishable by tremendous fines. In other words, a curser is legally responsible to pay damages. It is an injury and therefore a trespass requiring reparation. The problem with the witchcraft trials of the later Christian Church was the violation of due process due to extended imprisonment and torture prior to trial, along with forced confessions, and punishments out of proportion with earlier Germanic fines ; but to take someone to trial for inflicting malevolent magic was not out of the ordinary for Germanic heathen custom.
Most often, curses are actually the property of ill wights. Loki curses the Aesir as he is ousted from Aegir's Hall in Lokasenna. Hyndla, the wolf-riding jotunn-bride, curses Freya in Hyndluljod. Most of those who engage in curses or malevolent magic in the sagas are portrayed as untrustworthy, antisocial fellows whom the community considers a liability, and with good reason. To threaten or intimidate others with the supernatural is an act of aggression that is not consistent with a frithful community, and constitutes a violation of that peace. Further, to engage in cursing (without a state of war having been declared by the thing) is a nithing-act, akin to murder in the sense that it is a cowardly, dishonorable, underhanded attack where the other party doesn't have the chance to defend themselves.
It should be fairly clear that from a historical perspective, the lore bears out the perspective that cursing was allowable only under very limited conditions, and was considered not properly the purvue of the lone individual, but as a judicial function of the community. But beyond the loric and historical perspective, there are rational reasons for not only discouraging cursing, but out-and-out banning it from any community. These have primarily to do with the chilling effect the presence of cursers have on free discourse and debate within a community. Such discourse must be free to speak with impunity, and cannot be restricted by fear of intimidation of any kind. To have practitioners in a community whom others are fearful of irrational reprisal if they feel slighted is to have a community that sanctions some bullying over others. This is certainly not the heathen way. To require, as it were, a "court order" by the community thing prior to cursing sets up a firewall against individual caprice and intimidation by the powerful. Such a firewall is a logical precaution against the rationalizing tendency in human beings, which tends to justify anything, especially if the passions, such as anger or vengeance, are involved. Moreover, it means that one human being all on their own cannot decide crucial issues of luck for another, because individual feelings of being wounded may not match community standards. Let's face it --- everyone knows a person who if you look at them wrong, or stand up and act with some assertiveness and dignity, considers themselves injured by such an ordinary, human act, and heathenism does not tolerate the behavior of such princess-tyrants.
Friends don't let friends curse. Nor, I think, should the presence of known cursers be tolerated. We are called upon by the gods to have high standards, and to create the conditions for a strong and frithful innangards where wisdom can grow, and we can all grow stronger. These conditions are not compatible with a general state of strife. Obviously in order for wisdom to grow, strong levels of critique must be not only tolerated, but encouraged, but this kind of critique is a species of tough love, not of antagonism. Antagonistic strife-stirring, with no intention of building the community so it becomes more worthy of the gods' notice, attention, and luck-sharing, is an act of sabotage against the community. A community must have a certain standard of security in order for good things to prosper and for the general welfare to raise to a level of education that allows wisdom to accumulate. Bullies, slanderers, and curse-mongers diminish the security and freedom of a community, and are saboteurs of its growth into full worth.
To accept the rule of law is to accept the rule of law, period. It does not allow of loopholes, excuses, or attempts to weasel out of responsible, upright behavior, even or especially through supernatural behavior. It implies what Garman Lord has rightfully called a "right good will", or what might simply be called "maturity". This is what a community must foster in order to grow in worth and be a blessing unto the gods. There is no place therein for strife-bearers or curse-mongers.
However, if one does encounter a curse-monger, there are strong spells within heathenism to protect completely a frithful member of the community. First of all, one should remember that Thor himself "bears ill will" (Hyndluljod 4) towards Jotunn troll-wife cursers, and his permission must be obtained for them to even be in his presence (Hyndluljod 4), while oath-breakers, traitors, and carriers of strife make his "rage swell" (Voluspa 29, 30). So even without specific words or formulas, calling upon Thor, who is "mightiest" (Gylfaginning 44), is more than sufficient to completely dissolve a curse. Odin, a master of seidr, knows three mighty songs to dispel any curses : in the third of his eighteen mighty songs he learned from Mimir, he is able to deaden the edges not only of the arms of his foes, but also their wiles, and can restrain them from harm (Havamal 150). With the sixth of these songs (Havamal 153), he is able to turn the hatred of one who pronounces hateful spells or carves harmful runes onto the curser ; and with the tenth song (Havamal 157), any seidr-practitioner who is ham-faring to do ill may be tossed back into their own bodies where they cannot roam and do harm. Moreover, he knows how to stop hostile shot, whether magical or projectile (Havamal 152), and more importantly, how to dispel the general state of hostility that motivates curses and strife into friendliness (Havamal 155). These are good spells whose powers are always useful to humans, but of absolutely no use or power for jotnar or their kind (Havamal 166), and which were invested in the community of men through their rightfully elected kings and noble, excellent jarls (Rigsthula 33, 40 - 42). They are not said to have been generally distributed to humankind as individuals, because they were to be invested in the community as a whole, and therefore invested in those who hold the luck of that community, the elders, the outstanding, and the king. The leaders of a community are always called upon to utter those blessings which dispel the fear of curses, and to do so with an authority that the gods themselves invest in the community through their sacred office as leaders. If such an elder or leader places his luck upon you, you have no need to fear of anyone, no matter how much shibbolethry and hocus-pocus they wave about ; these are powers that come, after all, from the gods. Beyond these powers of protection afforded by Thor, Odin, and Heimdall (through community leadership), the asynior themselves guarantee protection and safety to those who blot to them, no matter how great the need (Fjolsvinnsmal 40). The First Merseburg Charm (http://www.northvegr.org/lore/merseburg/index.php) provides an excellent prayer to the disir who watch over one's luck, to fetter the enemy and impede their armies, while freeing one's own luck from any fetters or curses placed upon it, allowing one to escape from the grasp of one's foes. Moreover, the foremost of the disir of the Vanir, the Vanadis, and, one might say, the princess of the asynior herself utters one of the most powerful dispellers of curses known. We have already discussed in this blog her opposition to that ur-curser herself, Gullveig-Angroboda, and indeed it is not only most likely, but practically certain that "Hyndla" in Hyndluljod is in fact Gullveig. There, when Gullveig threatens to call the harm of Ragnarok down upon Freya, and curses her for her freedom in love, Freya utters words that are most certainly a formula to dispel ill magic. She says there, "Orðheill þín skal engu ráða, þóttú, brúðr jötuns bölvi heitir;" "Your cursing words (or, premonitions) shall come to nothing (literally, shall have no "command" or "authority"), jotunn's bride, though bale you threaten." Finally, Erikr (one of Odr's bynames), on the way to rescue Freya from the giants who had seized her (Voluspa 29), having received mighty spells from his mother, utters a spell so powerful that it is able to not only completely extinguish all the curses thrown against him by the jotnar, but actually shatters the nid-stang they had raised against him : 'In latorem,' inquit, 'gestaminis sui fortuna recidat; nos melior consequatur eventus! Male maleficis cedat, infaustae molis gerulum onus obruat; nobis potiora tribuant omina sospitatem!' (Saxo Grammaticus' History of the Danes, Book Five) ; "On the curser falls the ill luck of what he bears ; while a good, noble, and healthy outcome attends on us! Evil falls back onto the cursers and ill-doers. Let the millstones crush the carriers of this misfortune ; we shall be granted the stronger and more desirable omens of health, safety, and welfare!"
And that is a good way to end this post. Fear not and befriend not the cursers.
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NewsOne’s PolitickerOne blog tackles some of the most important topics in politics: Election 2016, moves by the Obama administration, voting rights, lawmaking, and the way that elected officials represent our communities. Three times a week, we will go beyond the mainstream media’s “pack” coverage of politics to highlight the underreported aspects of how politics and policy affect you and the people you care about. In between, follow the conversation on Twitter at #PolitickerOne.
While extending condolences to the family of Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia, who died of natural causes over the weekend, NewsOne’s legal expert Damario Solomon-Simmons says that the vacancy gives President Barack Obama a golden opportunity to right the court on issues of civil rights.
“The reality is that Justice Scalia and his religious like adherence to the ‘originalist interpretation’ of the Constitution that conservatives promote, leaves a destructive legacy of rolling back the blood-stained civil rights gains and progress important to our community and this nation,” Solomon-Simmons told NewsOne. “This includes Justice Scalia’s strong opposition to Affirmative Action, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the 1965 Voting Rights Act. “
Further, he said that Justice Scalia frequently “spewed hurtful and derogatory language and ideas about African-Americans in his so-called ‘colorful’ questions and opinions.”
Scalia recently came under fire for derogatory comments about Black students’ intellectual capabilities during oral arguments in Fisher v. University of Texas, a case that challenges affirmative action policies in college admissions. He said that some African Americans are hurt by being admitted to top universities and might be better served at “slower-track” ones.
So outdone by the comments was Senate Minority Leader Harry Reid that he took to the floor of the chamber to condemn the comments, saying: “It is deeply disturbing to hear a Supreme Court justice endorse racist ideas from the bench of the nation’s highest court…his endorsement of racist theories has frightening implications.”
Solomon-Simmons echoed Reid’s concerns, saying, “As a Civil Rights attorney fighting to ensure liberty, justice, and equality for all, I’m excited about the prospect of President Obama nominating a replacement for Justice Scalia. I’m looking forward to a Supreme Court nominee who understands that our country needs to overcome its racist, sexist, and elitist founding. And a nominee who understands in 1787 ‘We The People” actually only meant “We the Rich White Men.’
He said the Constitution must be interpreted as a “living document” that takes into consideration the world we now live in and not just the world of our founding fathers.
And he scoffed at the notion peddled by Republicans that Obama should stave off selecting a nominee until a new president is elected.
“Of course President Obama should nominate someone because it is constitutional duty to do so,” he said. “We know that even if Jesus himself came back and was nominated by President Obama for the court, Republicans would vigorously object. So, I hope that President Obama nominates his choice for the Court tomorrow and fights like hell to get that person confirmed.
Solomon-Simmons also noted that the next candidate should be a Black woman, noting that President Obama was overwhelmingly swept into office both times by African-American voters. In fact, the 2012 election was the first time that Black voter turnout exceeded that of Whites.
“Therefore, I hope and pray that President Obama will reward the Black community’s support of him and nominate an African-American to the bench,” Solomon-Simmons said. “I hope that nominee is the ideological opposite of Justice Clarence Thomas, and I would love to see a Black female get the nomination.”
Solomon-Simmons, like others, have named California Attorney General Kamala Harris as a possible candidate. U.S. Attorney General Loretta Lynch is another name that has popped up.
Harris’ nomination makes sense for several reasons, he said. She is 51 years old, which means she would most likely be on the court for at least 20 years, enabling her to protect President Obama’s legacy, including Obamacare.
It would also help fuel excitement among African American women voters in this election cycle. Given her credentials, including serving as the top prosecutor for the largest state in the country, Republicans would have difficulty opposing her nomination on ideological grounds, he said.
“Therefore, Republican objection will be easily seen for what it is: politically and racially motivated hatred of President Obama,” Solomon-Simmons said. “ Unfortunately, since Harris seems to be the favorite in the upcoming California Senate race to replace retiring Sen. Barbara Boxer, I’m not sure she would want to leave the campaign trail to enter what will be an ugly and protracted nomination fight.”
Do you think Harris would pass up an opportunity to sit on the Supreme Court? Sound off in comments. And click here to read the list of other possible nominees.
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500 kms/310 mls North West of Rarotonga
Access: Very difficult. Occasional boats from Rarotonga
Population: 58 2.1 sq.kms/0.8 sq. mls
Although part of the Cook Islands, Palmerston is owned by the descendants of 19th century Englishman, William Marsters. It's the only island on which Captain Cook ever set foot himself. He discovered it on his second voyage in June, 1774, but it wasn't until Sunday, April 13, 1777, during his third Pacific voyage, that he went ashore. He and his crew took on board supplies of "scurvy grass, palm cabbages, birds, fish and cocoanuts etc" , but they didn't find any fresh water. He landed on a tiny coral atoll which (according to "A Gazeteer of Central Polynesia" published in 1857) was not more than three feet above sea level but had numerous trees and bushes on it and the remnants of a canoe. Cook named the tiny and remote island after Lord Palmerston who was First Lord of the British Admiralty and father of a future British Prime Minister. The ancient name was supposedly Avarau, meaning 200 harbours.
Acccording to 19th century British missionary, the Rev William Wyatt Gill, the Bounty mutineers also touched on Palmerston but decided it was not quite what they were looking for
With no airstrip and no regular boat service, it's not easy. Ask at the harbour master's office on Rarotonga about any planned sailings or to see if any private yachts are heading that way. It's typically a two or three day journey by sea in often difficult conditions
Palmerston is an atoll made up from the summit of an old volcano which rises 4,000 metres (13,123 feet) from the ocean floor. At its highest point, it's just 4 metres (13 feet) above sea level. The land near the reef is infertile, but there are typical atoll tree crops of coconut and pandamus. The island is a major nesting site for the green turtle and rare seabirds.
Daily life on Palmerston has a rhythm of its own and includes daily church services. Although (or because) the population is so small, everything is carefully organised, nothing is ever thrown away if it's likley to come in useful one day and everywhere is immaculately tidy.
The island is so remote, it wasn't even properly located on maps until 1969! Up and till then, its position was based on Captain Cook's original charts which showed it 10 miles away from where navigation satellites have now confirmed it really is. Around the reef are six groups of islets, the largest being Palmerston. The others are North Island, Lee To Us, Leicester, Primrose, Toms and Cooks. Leicester is thought to have been named after the English county where founding father, William Marsters grew up.
Cargo ships visit with supplies only a few times a year, so visiting yachts help supplement the island's needs. The big dish may look out of place but it provides the only permanent link with the outside world. The internet has also reached this remote atoll...access is available four hours a day.
Palmerston as seen from the space shuttle
Photo: NAS A
A link to the outside world
All the islanders are descended from one Englishman, William Marsters - described by some as a labourer and others as a carpenter and barrel maker - who arrived from Manuae on 8th July, 1863. Contemporary reports say he was accompanied by three Polynesian women, at least one of whom he had married.
He subsequently ended up with four wives, although it's not clear whether he married more than one. And that was after deserting his first wife and two children in England. Masters had 17 children by his Polynesian wives and 54 grandchildren before he died on 22nd May, 1899, aged 78
Another Marsters legacy is the unique accent with which Palmerston islanders speak
By the time William's youngest daughter, Mrs Titana Tangi died in 1973, there were over one thousand Ma(r)sters living in Rarotonga or New Zealand. Fewer than 60 remain on Palmerston...but wherever they live, they all consider it their homeland
William Marsters built his own home on Palmerston from shipwreck timbers and driftwood found on the shores at the time of his landing. And it's still standing after more than 150 years...only the corrugated roof is recent and the the original is still underneath. The fourth photo shows how big and sturdy the timbers are, and still how perfect. Today, the building is used as a storeroom and cyclone shelter
William Marsters was converted to Christianity by the 19th century English missionary, the Rev. John Williams, who persuaded him to build the first church
Islanders dress up in their finest clothes for services held daily and several times on Sundays. Today's church is a more recent replacement for the original
Much of daily life revolves around the sea. For generations, islanders have been expert fishermen
Parrot fish are the island's main cash crop. They're dried or frozen and shipped to Rarotonga. The local diet is supplemented by baby Bosun birds and coconuts.
FIND OUT MORE ABOUT DAILY LIFE ON THIS REMOTE ATOLL. READ A RARE AND FASCINATING INSIGHT BY CLICKING HERE
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Both the complaints of the girl and her mother were not taken serious. She had no other choice but to return home.
Most exchange students would not have the courage to contact their parents back home. After all the parents pay for the exchange student experience and the students are well-behaved children who are grateful for the aid the parents have provided them, so they would be shameful if they have to report home what they are not happy. So they remain in silence when they experience something which could be close to abuse compared to the conditions they live by in Denmark.
She wasn't allowed to leave the home in her first host family and the son in the host family began to make inappropriate moves against her. It seems as she has forgotten what country she entered. We have to remember that the lifestyle Danish teenagers live - even the best-behaved would have meant that they would end up in a therapeutic boarding school, private boot camp or a wilderness therapy program, if they were born in the United States.
Over there in many states girls stay home until they are married and they have a different approach when we are talking teenage marriages and pregnancies. There are no question about that the host family was a host family because they had a son which most likely was hard to sell on the marriage marked and having a exchange student in the house was just an act to secure a candidate so their son could have a relationship.
The conditions in the second family were just a consequence of her acting up in the first family. Even the third family was warned against her Danish manners.
I think that it is good that she ended up leaving for home, but it clearly shows that Danish families should refrain from sending their children to other countries as exchange students.
Sad to say: There is nothing new or extraordinary about her story. If you research the area you will find hundred of stories like hers.
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Extended Distributed Suboptimal Channel Assignment Algorithm Based Channel Assignment for Wireless Local Area Networks in a Multi Agent Environment
1P.Sunitha, is a Research Scholar at Vels University, Chennai.
2Dr.K.L.Shunmuganathan, working as Principal at Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
Manuscript received on October 12, 2019. | Revised Manuscript received on 23 October, 2019. | Manuscript published on November 10, 2019. | PP: 1438-1441 | Volume-9 Issue-1, November 2019. | Retrieval Number: A4223119119/2019©BEIESP | DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.A4223.119119
Open Access | Ethics and Policies | Cite | Mendeley | Indexing and Abstracting
© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Abstract: Due to the universal use of IEEE 802.11 – based networks, the systematic positioned of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) come to be a Challenge. With the intense admiration and stationed of WLANs, well organized administration of wireless bandwidth is elegantly a major progressive. The advanced techniques upgrade the utilization of wireless bandwidth in the factors of wireless local area networks (WLANs) employing advanced channel allocation techniques between Interfering Access Points (Aps). This work formalizes the channel assignment as a multiagent hampering optimization problem in a multi agent environment and intend a latest collective medium assignment procedure called Extended Distributed Suboptimal Channel Assignment (EDSCA), which utilizes Distributed Pseudo tree optimization (DPOP).
Keywords: Wireless Local Area Network, Multi Agent, Access Point, Distributed Constraint Optimization Problem, Extended Distributed Suboptimal Channel Assignment.
Scope of the Article: Wireless Access Technologies for IoT
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TORONTO – Ontario’s Liberal government will raise the minimum wage to $11 an hour starting June 1, and will tie future increases to the rate of inflation, but critics say it’s not enough to lift workers out of poverty.
Premier Kathleen Wynne announced the 75-cent-an-hour hike Thursday — the first minimum wage increase in the province since 2010 — calling it a “fair adjustment” that reflects the rise in the Consumer Price Index.
“I think the vast majority of people in Ontario understand that it’s very difficult to make ends meet living on minimum wage, and that there needs to be a fair way of allowing minimum wage to keep up with the cost of living.” she said.
Anti-poverty activists and unions have been demanding an immediate increase to a $14-an-hour minimum wage, but Wynne said that was too big of a jump for businesses to absorb all at once.
The Ontario Convenience Stores Association admitted some store owners won’t like the $11 dollar minimum wage, “but it’s better than $14,” said CEO Dave Bryans.
“Some of our members might be upset, but there’s an adjustment period,” he said. “Many people get their first jobs at convenience stores or the fast food sector, and I believe it’s time that everybody had a fair wage.”
However, the Canadian Restaurant and Foodservices Association warned the 75-cent hike will result in fewer jobs, calling it “unnecessary, tough for small business and counter-productive.”
The Retail Council of Canada likes the plan to link future hikes to inflation, but complained about using the Consumer Price Index to determine a catch-up raise for the past four years.
Amelia White of Toronto, a single mother who works full time in a grocery store for minimum wage, said she has to look for additional work so she can pay the bills.
“I have to decide if I want to pay for rent, hydro or buy food. It’s not enough to look after my child and it’s not enough to live on,” said White. “I pay my rent first and then I miss the bills and then I catch up the next month. It’s a cycle that goes on and on and on.”
The Canadian Federation of Students said “$11 is still legislating poverty,” while the Workers’ Action Centre said it will still leave workers below the poverty line.
“Going up with the cost of living every year is an important step forward, but a minimum wage that’s below the poverty line still puts workers behind,” said spokeswoman Sonia Singh.
Unifor, the union created by the merger of the Canadian Auto Workers and the Communications, Energy and Paperworkers Union, said an $11 minimum wage “is too small, and locks in the poverty-level wages of the province’s lowest-paid workers.”
The Progressive Conservatives warned the 75-cent hike in the minimum wage would result in reduced hours for workers, or even job losses.
“If labour costs go up seven per cent, they’ve got to lay people off, putting them on unemployment,” said PC critic Jane McKenna. “What’s stopping a 40-hour week from becoming a 37-hour week?”
Wynne promised legislation to tie future increases in the minimum wage to the rate of inflation, and said the new rate would be announced April 1 each year and take effect Oct. 1, giving businesses six months advance notice.
The premier took a shot at the opposition parties as she urged them to support the legislation.
“It’s a little shocking to me that we have a Conservative party that seems not to care, seems not to think that it’s their responsibility to have an opinion or to care about people making minimum wage, and we have an NDP that has no position on this,” said Wynne.
NDP Leader Andrea Horwath put out a statement promising to look at the Liberal plan to index future increases in the minimum wage to the CPI, without saying if she supports an increase in June to $11 an hour.
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IxDA’s Interaction16, held in Helsinki last week, lived up to the expectation of fielding current trends like virtual reality, internet of things, designing with algorithms, artificial intelligence, and driverless cars. And indeed, those topics did take centre stage, but with a different subtext than the ones I’m so used to seeing on my daily feeds. This subtext is about“designing the future for people”, rather than “what is the future enabled by more fancy tech?”. A slight but crucial difference. As I reflect on the conference, I’m reminded by this Don Norman quote,
Technology first, invention second, needs last
As designers, we often can’t invent our way into the future as we rely on the means to get us there. In general, technology arrives to us first as crude and unrefined solutions, and then as diverse forms of adoption, before we ever get to influence its evolution or integration into society. But a lot of that is now here, and we need to get stuck in.
The message I heard across the keynotes and presentations is that designers need to get deeply involved in the technological sea change we’ve been talking about for awhile now, rather than remain observers from afar. There are two threads to this: Get more involved designing for the new forms of technology that are starting to permeate society (IoT, robots, artificial intelligence,…), and Build robust and widely adoptable solutions for today’s problems that support tomorrow’s experiences (gov.uk, thick data, designing for refugees,…). The two aren’t necessarily related, but both worthy of our attention.
Designers are already here — just not evenly distributed
In her keynote, Alexandra Deschamps-Sonsino, laments: “where have the designers gone?” Although she’s been running IoT communities and events for a long time, designers are still under-represented. This includes myself, as someone who often organises monthly IxD events around IoT topics.
— Sara Lerén (@HeedTheNeed) March 2, 2016
Another charismatic plea comes from Cameron Sinclair keynote — “Forget Virtual Reality!”, he says, “let’s work on Actual Reality!”. He criticises the fetishisation of digital communities over smart cities (a misnomer), on our need to support scale (to what end?), on our attempts to make our cities more resilient (against what?).
— Josh Clark (@bigmediumjosh) March 4, 2016
The two keynotes are true in the fact that while interaction design is becoming more widespread, there are still a lot of gaps and tons of work to be done. Leisa Reichelt said in one of the IxD Awards videos — we need to get the basics right first, and then move into the more interesting stuff. At the moment, we’re still at a point where keynote speakers are telling us what machine learning is. We’re still a long way off. And while interaction design has grown considerably, we’re still not distributed well across the areas of need. It reminded me that work doesn’t have to exist in the form of salaried employment all the time, and that we can aspire to Design as a lifelong vocation. We have to take charge if we want to realise the future we deserve (an apt phrase borrowed from this year’s Student Design Challenge)
“…emphasize “practical” over “basic” and “visionary” over “aspirational”.” Hmm. How do these pairs of words stand in opposition? #ixd16
— joe sokohl (@mojoguzzi) June 17, 2015
Existential crisis for Joe, who wasn’t able to join us in Helsinki.
Pause, Reflect, Progress
We no longer come to conferences to debate the definition of interaction design (thank goodness). There are better things to debate, to think through critically, and to resolve. As designers, we continue to use language in new ways, but that’s necessary to solve problems with new mediums, contexts, systems and platforms. Matt Nish Lapidus’ cited Lev Manovich that we are now interfacing with a “culture encoded in digital form” — and that our interfaces are our new tools, rather than the tools we use to create those interfaces. This is a result of the pervasiveness of digitization, and so a reframing of our practice, as Marko explains, shifts from control to emergence.
“We don’t have good models to talk about AI” — Chris Noessel
Hopefully, we’ll be more careful in using terms and labels borrowed from technical domains that may limit our thinking. For example, Chris Noessel articulates that “agentive technology” is new from an experience point of view, as a moniker to frame our understanding of the nature and limits of artificial intelligence-based agency as a phenomenon, agentive behaviour, and our relationship with it.
Taking up arms: The future we deserve
The future may sound look really exciting and interesting (or even scary) on the flashy covers of Wired or on a Fast.co news feed, but I’ve always been skeptical about that packaging — primarily because they lack depth in understanding of the human condition. But I shouldn’t be so hung up about everyone else’s version of the future. I swallowed a huge dose of Finnish pragmatism across the seven days, and Marko Ahtisaari’s opening keynote did make a point that we shouldn’t be futurists anymore. Now is the new Future, and it’s up to us to define it.
— Timo Ilola (@TimoIlola) March 2, 2016
My Interaction16 sketchnotes are up on Flickr. Feel free to use, share, and comment under a creative commons license. https://flic.kr/s/aHskw4w7SZ
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The Molecular Devices' FlexStation 3 is a benchtop multi-mode microplate reader capable of automated fluorescence measurement in multi-well plates. It is ideal for medium- to high-throughput screens in academic settings. It has an integrated fluid transfer module equipped with a multi-channel pipetter and the machine reads one column at a time to monitor fluorescence changes of a variety of fluorescent reagents. For example, FlexStation 3 has been used to study the function of Ca2+-permeable ion channels and G-protein coupled receptors by measuring the changes of intracellular free Ca2+ levels. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a large family of nonselective cation channels that play important roles in many physiological and pathophysiological functions. Most of the TRP channels are calcium permeable and induce calcium influx upon activation. In this video, we demonstrate the application of FlexStation 3 to study the pharmacological profile of the TRPA1 channel, a molecular sensor for numerous noxious stimuli. HEK293 cells transiently or stably expressing human TRPA1 channels, grown in 96-well plates, are loaded with a Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent dye, Fluo-4, and real-time fluorescence changes in these cells are measured before and during the application of a TRPA1 agonist using the FLEX mode of the FlexStation 3. The effect of a putative TRPA1 antagonist was also examined. Data are transferred from the SoftMax Pro software to construct concentration-response relationships of TRPA1 activators and inhibitors.
21 Related JoVE Articles!
Measuring Oral Fatty Acid Thresholds, Fat Perception, Fatty Food Liking, and Papillae Density in Humans
Institutions: Deakin University.
Emerging evidence from a number of laboratories indicates that humans have the ability to identify fatty acids in the oral cavity, presumably via fatty acid receptors housed on taste cells. Previous research has shown that an individual's oral sensitivity to fatty acid, specifically oleic acid (C18:1) is associated with body mass index (BMI), dietary fat consumption, and the ability to identify fat in foods. We have developed a reliable and reproducible method to assess oral chemoreception of fatty acids, using a milk and C18:1 emulsion, together with an ascending forced choice triangle procedure. In parallel, a food matrix has been developed to assess an individual's ability to perceive fat, in addition to a simple method to assess fatty food liking. As an added measure tongue photography is used to assess papillae density, with higher density often being associated with increased taste sensitivity.
Neuroscience, Issue 88, taste, overweight and obesity, dietary fat, fatty acid, diet, fatty food liking, detection threshold
Using Fluorescent Proteins to Monitor Glycosome Dynamics in the African Trypanosome
Institutions: Clemson University Eukaryotic Pathogens Innovation Center.
is a kinetoplastid parasite that causes human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), or sleeping sickness, and a wasting disease, nagana, in cattle1
. The parasite alternates between the bloodstream of the mammalian host and the tsetse fly vector. The composition of many cellular organelles changes in response to these different extracellular conditions2-5
Glycosomes are highly specialized peroxisomes in which many of the enzymes involved in glycolysis are compartmentalized. Glycosome composition changes in a developmental and environmentally regulated manner4-11
. Currently, the most common techniques used to study glycosome dynamics are electron and fluorescence microscopy; techniques that are expensive, time and labor intensive, and not easily adapted to high throughput analyses.
To overcome these limitations, a fluorescent-glycosome reporter system in which enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (eYFP) is fused to a peroxisome targeting sequence (PTS2), which directs the fusion protein to glycosomes12
, has been established. Upon import of the PTS2eYFP fusion protein, glycosomes become fluorescent. Organelle degradation and recycling results in the loss of fluorescence that can be measured by flow cytometry. Large numbers of cells (5,000 cells/sec) can be analyzed in real-time without extensive sample preparation such as fixation and mounting. This method offers a rapid way of detecting changes in organelle composition in response to fluctuating environmental conditions.
Infectious Diseases, Issue 90, glycosomes, trypanosomes, flow cytometry, kinetoplastids, fluorescent protein, peroxisomes
Mechanical Stimulation-induced Calcium Wave Propagation in Cell Monolayers: The Example of Bovine Corneal Endothelial Cells
Institutions: KU Leuven.
Intercellular communication is essential for the coordination of physiological processes between cells in a variety of organs and tissues, including the brain, liver, retina, cochlea and vasculature. In experimental settings, intercellular Ca2+
-waves can be elicited by applying a mechanical stimulus to a single cell. This leads to the release of the intracellular signaling molecules IP3
that initiate the propagation of the Ca2+
-wave concentrically from the mechanically stimulated cell to the neighboring cells. The main molecular pathways that control intercellular Ca2+
-wave propagation are provided by gap junction channels through the direct transfer of IP3
and by hemichannels through the release of ATP. Identification and characterization of the properties and regulation of different connexin and pannexin isoforms as gap junction channels and hemichannels are allowed by the quantification of the spread of the intercellular Ca2+
-wave, siRNA, and the use of inhibitors of gap junction channels and hemichannels. Here, we describe a method to measure intercellular Ca2+
-wave in monolayers of primary corneal endothelial cells loaded with Fluo4-AM in response to a controlled and localized mechanical stimulus provoked by an acute, short-lasting deformation of the cell as a result of touching the cell membrane with a micromanipulator-controlled glass micropipette with a tip diameter of less than 1 μm. We also describe the isolation of primary bovine corneal endothelial cells and its use as model system to assess Cx43-hemichannel activity as the driven force for intercellular Ca2+
-waves through the release of ATP. Finally, we discuss the use, advantages, limitations and alternatives of this method in the context of gap junction channel and hemichannel research.
Cellular Biology, Issue 77, Molecular Biology, Medicine, Biomedical Engineering, Biophysics, Immunology, Ophthalmology, Gap Junctions, Connexins, Connexin 43, Calcium Signaling, Ca2+, Cell Communication, Paracrine Communication, Intercellular communication, calcium wave propagation, gap junctions, hemichannels, endothelial cells, cell signaling, cell, isolation, cell culture
Non-radioactive in situ Hybridization Protocol Applicable for Norway Spruce and a Range of Plant Species
Institutions: Uppsala University, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
The high-throughput expression analysis technologies available today give scientists an overflow of expression profiles but their resolution in terms of tissue specific expression is limited because of problems in dissecting individual tissues. Expression data needs to be confirmed and complemented with expression patterns using e.g. in situ
hybridization, a technique used to localize cell specific mRNA expression. The in situ
hybridization method is laborious, time-consuming and often requires extensive optimization depending on species and tissue. In situ
experiments are relatively more difficult to perform in woody species such as the conifer Norway spruce (Picea abies
). Here we present a modified DIG in situ
hybridization protocol, which is fast and applicable on a wide range of plant species including P. abies
. With just a few adjustments, including altered RNase treatment and proteinase K concentration, we could use the protocol to study tissue specific expression of homologous genes in male reproductive organs of one gymnosperm and two angiosperm species; P. abies, Arabidopsis thaliana
and Brassica napus
. The protocol worked equally well for the species and genes studied. AtAP3
were observed in second and third whorl floral organs in A. thaliana
and B. napus
and DAL13 in microsporophylls of male cones from P. abies
. For P. abies
the proteinase K concentration, used to permeablize the tissues, had to be increased to 3 g/ml instead of 1 g/ml, possibly due to more compact tissues and higher levels of phenolics and polysaccharides. For all species the RNase treatment was removed due to reduced signal strength without a corresponding increase in specificity. By comparing tissue specific expression patterns of homologous genes from both flowering plants and a coniferous tree we demonstrate that the DIG in situ
protocol presented here, with only minute adjustments, can be applied to a wide range of plant species. Hence, the protocol avoids both extensive species specific optimization and the laborious use of radioactively labeled probes in favor of DIG labeled probes. We have chosen to illustrate the technically demanding steps of the protocol in our film.
Anna Karlgren and Jenny Carlsson contributed equally to this study.
Corresponding authors: Anna Karlgren at Anna.Karlgren@ebc.uu.se and Jens F. Sundström at Jens.Sundstrom@vbsg.slu.se
Plant Biology, Issue 26, RNA, expression analysis, Norway spruce, Arabidopsis, rapeseed, conifers
A Fluorescent Screening Assay for Identifying Modulators of GIRK Channels
Institutions: University of South Carolina, School of Medicine.
G protein-gated inward rectifier K+
(GIRK) channels function as cellular mediators of a wide range of hormones and neurotransmitters and are expressed in the brain, heart, skeletal muscle and endocrine tissue1,2
. GIRK channels become activated following the binding of ligands (neurotransmitters, hormones, drugs, etc.) to their plasma membrane-bound, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). This binding causes the stimulation of G proteins (Gi
) which subsequently bind to and activate the GIRK channel. Once opened the GIRK channel allows the movement of K+
out of the cell causing the resting membrane potential to become more negative. As a consequence, GIRK channel activation in neurons decreases spontaneous action potential formation and inhibits the release of excitatory neurotransmitters. In the heart, activation of the GIRK channel inhibits pacemaker activity thereby slowing the heart rate.
GIRK channels represent novel targets for the development of new therapeutic agents for the treatment neuropathic pain, drug addiction, cardiac arrhythmias and other disorders3
. However, the pharmacology of these channels remains largely unexplored. Although a number of drugs including anti-arrhythmic agents, antipsychotic drugs and antidepressants block the GIRK channel, this inhibition is not selective and occurs at relatively high drug concentrations3
Here, we describe a real-time screening assay for identifying new modulators of GIRK channels. In this assay, neuronal AtT20 cells, expressing GIRK channels, are loaded with membrane potential-sensitive fluorescent dyes such as bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol [DiBAC4
(3)] or HLB 021-152 (Figure 1
). The dye molecules become strongly fluorescent following uptake into the cells (Figure 1
). Treatment of the cells with GPCR ligands stimulates the GIRK channels to open. The resulting K+
efflux out of the cell causes the membrane potential to become more negative and the fluorescent signal to decrease (Figure 1
). Thus, drugs that modulate K+
efflux through the GIRK channel can be assayed using a fluorescent plate reader. Unlike other ion channel screening assays, such atomic absorption spectrometry4
or radiotracer analysis5
, the GIRK channel fluorescent assay provides a fast, real-time and inexpensive screening procedure.
Medicine, Issue 62, G protein-gated inward rectifier K+ (GIRK) channels, clonal cell lines, drug screening, fluorescent dyes, K+ channel modulators, Pharmacology
The Use of Cystometry in Small Rodents: A Study of Bladder Chemosensation
Institutions: KU Leuven, Belgium, KU Leuven, Belgium, KU Leuven, Belgium.
The lower urinary tract (LUT) functions as a dynamic reservoir that is able to store urine and to efficiently expel it at a convenient time. While storing urine, however, the bladder is exposed for prolonged periods to waste products. By acting as a tight barrier, the epithelial lining of the LUT, the urothelium, avoids re-absorption of harmful substances. Moreover, noxious chemicals stimulate the bladder's nociceptive innervation and initiate voiding contractions that expel the bladder's contents. Interestingly, the bladder's sensitivity to noxious chemicals has been used successfully in clinical practice, by intravesically infusing the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin to treat neurogenic bladder overactivity1
. This underscores the advantage of viewing the bladder as a chemosensory organ and prompts for further clinical research. However, ethical issues severely limit the possibilities to perform, in human subjects, the invasive measurements that are necessary to unravel the molecular bases of LUT clinical pharmacology. A way to overcome this limitation is the use of several animal models2
. Here we describe the implementation of cystometry in mice and rats, a technique that allows measuring the intravesical pressure in conditions of controlled bladder perfusion.
After laparotomy, a catheter is implanted in the bladder dome and tunneled subcutaneously to the interscapular region. Then the bladder can be filled at a controlled rate, while the urethra is left free for micturition. During the repetitive cycles of filling and voiding, intravesical pressure can be measured via the implanted catheter. As such, the pressure changes can be quantified and analyzed. Moreover, simultaneous measurement of the voided volume allows distinguishing voiding contractions from non-voiding contractions3
Importantly, due to the differences in micturition control between rodents and humans, cystometric measurements in these animals have only limited translational value4
. Nevertheless, they are quite instrumental in the study of bladder pathophysiology and pharmacology in experimental pre-clinical settings. Recent research using this technique has revealed the key role of novel molecular players in the mechano- and chemo-sensory properties of the bladder.
Medicine, Issue 66, Physiology, Chemistry, cystometry, urodynamics, bladder function, bladder chemosensation, animal model, urinary tract
High-throughput Screening for Small-molecule Modulators of Inward Rectifier Potassium Channels
Institutions: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine.
Specific members of the inward rectifier potassium (Kir) channel family are postulated drug targets for a variety of disorders, including hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and pain1,2
. For the most part, however, progress toward understanding their therapeutic potential or even basic physiological functions has been slowed by the lack of good pharmacological tools. Indeed, the molecular pharmacology of the inward rectifier family has lagged far behind that of the S4 superfamily of voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels, for which a number of nanomolar-affinity and highly selective peptide toxin modulators have been discovered3
. The bee venom toxin tertiapin and its derivatives are potent inhibitors of Kir1.1 and Kir3 channels4,5
, but peptides are of limited use therapeutically as well as experimentally due to their antigenic properties and poor bioavailability, metabolic stability and tissue penetrance. The development of potent and selective small-molecule probes with improved pharmacological properties will be a key to fully understanding the physiology and therapeutic potential of Kir channels.
The Molecular Libraries Probes Production Center Network (MLPCN) supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Common Fund has created opportunities for academic scientists to initiate probe discovery campaigns for molecular targets and signaling pathways in need of better pharmacology6
. The MLPCN provides researchers access to industry-scale screening centers and medicinal chemistry and informatics support to develop small-molecule probes to elucidate the function of genes and gene networks. The critical step in gaining entry to the MLPCN is the development of a robust target- or pathway-specific assay that is amenable for high-throughput screening (HTS).
Here, we describe how to develop a fluorescence-based thallium (Tl+
) flux assay of Kir channel function for high-throughput compound screening7,8,9,10
.The assay is based on the permeability of the K+
channel pore to the K+
. A commercially available fluorescent Tl+
reporter dye is used to detect transmembrane flux of Tl+
through the pore. There are at least three commercially available dyes that are suitable for Tl+
flux assays: BTC, FluoZin-2, and FluxOR7,8
. This protocol describes assay development using FluoZin-2. Although originally developed and marketed as a zinc indicator, FluoZin-2 exhibits a robust and dose-dependent increase in fluorescence emission upon Tl+
binding. We began working with FluoZin-2 before FluxOR was available7,8
and have continued to do so9,10
. However, the steps in assay development are essentially identical for all three dyes, and users should determine which dye is most appropriate for their specific needs. We also discuss the assay's performance benchmarks that must be reached to be considered for entry to the MLPCN. Since Tl+
readily permeates most K+
channels, the assay should be adaptable to most K+
Biochemistry, Issue 71, Molecular Biology, Chemistry, Cellular Biology, Chemical Biology, Pharmacology, Molecular Pharmacology, Potassium channels, drug discovery, drug screening, high throughput, small molecules, fluorescence, thallium flux, checkerboard analysis, DMSO, cell lines, screen, assay, assay development
Inhibitory Synapse Formation in a Co-culture Model Incorporating GABAergic Medium Spiny Neurons and HEK293 Cells Stably Expressing GABAA Receptors
Institutions: University College London.
Inhibitory neurons act in the central nervous system to regulate the dynamics and spatio-temporal co-ordination of neuronal networks. GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) is the predominant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. It is released from the presynaptic terminals of inhibitory neurons within highly specialized intercellular junctions known as synapses, where it binds to GABAA
Rs) present at the plasma membrane of the synapse-receiving, postsynaptic neurons. Activation of these GABA-gated ion channels leads to influx of chloride resulting in postsynaptic potential changes that decrease the probability that these neurons will generate action potentials.
During development, diverse types of inhibitory neurons with distinct morphological, electrophysiological and neurochemical characteristics have the ability to recognize their target neurons and form synapses which incorporate specific GABAA
Rs subtypes. This principle of selective innervation of neuronal targets raises the question as to how the appropriate synaptic partners identify each other.
To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, a novel in vitro
co-culture model system was established, in which medium spiny GABAergic neurons, a highly homogenous population of neurons isolated from the embryonic striatum, were cultured with stably transfected HEK293 cell lines that express different GABAA
R subtypes. Synapses form rapidly, efficiently and selectively in this system, and are easily accessible for quantification. Our results indicate that various GABAA
R subtypes differ in their ability to promote synapse formation, suggesting that this reduced in vitro
model system can be used to reproduce, at least in part, the in vivo
conditions required for the recognition of the appropriate synaptic partners and formation of specific synapses. Here the protocols for culturing the medium spiny neurons and generating HEK293 cells lines expressing GABAA
Rs are first described, followed by detailed instructions on how to combine these two cell types in co-culture and analyze the formation of synaptic contacts.
Neuroscience, Issue 93, Developmental neuroscience, synaptogenesis, synaptic inhibition, co-culture, stable cell lines, GABAergic, medium spiny neurons, HEK 293 cell line
Bladder Smooth Muscle Strip Contractility as a Method to Evaluate Lower Urinary Tract Pharmacology
Institutions: University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.
We describe an in vitro
method to measure bladder smooth muscle contractility, and its use for investigating physiological and pharmacological properties of the smooth muscle as well as changes induced by pathology. This method provides critical information for understanding bladder function while overcoming major methodological difficulties encountered in in vivo
experiments, such as surgical and pharmacological manipulations that affect stability and survival of the preparations, the use of human tissue, and/or the use of expensive chemicals. It also provides a way to investigate the properties of each bladder component (i.e.
smooth muscle, mucosa, nerves) in healthy and pathological conditions.
The urinary bladder is removed from an anesthetized animal, placed in Krebs solution and cut into strips. Strips are placed into a chamber filled with warm Krebs solution. One end is attached to an isometric tension transducer to measure contraction force, the other end is attached to a fixed rod. Tissue is stimulated by directly adding compounds to the bath or by electric field stimulation electrodes that activate nerves, similar to triggering bladder contractions in vivo
. We demonstrate the use of this method to evaluate spontaneous smooth muscle contractility during development and after an experimental spinal cord injury, the nature of neurotransmission (transmitters and receptors involved), factors involved in modulation of smooth muscle activity, the role of individual bladder components, and species and organ differences in response to pharmacological agents. Additionally, it could be used for investigating intracellular pathways involved in contraction and/or relaxation of the smooth muscle, drug structure-activity relationships and evaluation of transmitter release.
The in vitro
smooth muscle contractility method has been used extensively for over 50 years, and has provided data that significantly contributed to our understanding of bladder function as well as to pharmaceutical development of compounds currently used clinically for bladder management.
Medicine, Issue 90, Krebs, species differences, in vitro, smooth muscle contractility, neural stimulation
Direct Imaging of ER Calcium with Targeted-Esterase Induced Dye Loading (TED)
Institutions: University of Wuerzburg, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich.
Visualization of calcium dynamics is important to understand the role of calcium in cell physiology. To examine calcium dynamics, synthetic fluorescent Ca2+
indictors have become popular. Here we demonstrate TED (= targeted-esterase induced dye loading), a method to improve the release of Ca2+
indicator dyes in the ER lumen of different cell types. To date, TED was used in cell lines, glial cells, and neurons in vitro
. TED bases on efficient, recombinant targeting of a high carboxylesterase activity to the ER lumen using vector-constructs that express Carboxylesterases (CES). The latest TED vectors contain a core element of CES2 fused to a red fluorescent protein, thus enabling simultaneous two-color imaging. The dynamics of free calcium in the ER are imaged in one color, while the corresponding ER structure appears in red. At the beginning of the procedure, cells are transduced with a lentivirus. Subsequently, the infected cells are seeded on coverslips to finally enable live cell imaging. Then, living cells are incubated with the acetoxymethyl ester (AM-ester) form of low-affinity Ca2+
indicators, for instance Fluo5N-AM, Mag-Fluo4-AM, or Mag-Fura2-AM. The esterase activity in the ER cleaves off hydrophobic side chains from the AM form of the Ca2+
indicator and a hydrophilic fluorescent dye/Ca2+
complex is formed and trapped in the ER lumen. After dye loading, the cells are analyzed at an inverted confocal laser scanning microscope. Cells are continuously perfused with Ringer-like solutions and the ER calcium dynamics are directly visualized by time-lapse imaging. Calcium release from the ER is identified by a decrease in fluorescence intensity in regions of interest, whereas the refilling of the ER calcium store produces an increase in fluorescence intensity. Finally, the change in fluorescent intensity over time is determined by calculation of ΔF/F0
Cellular Biology, Issue 75, Neurobiology, Neuroscience, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, Virology, Medicine, Anatomy, Physiology, Surgery, Endoplasmic Reticulum, ER, Calcium Signaling, calcium store, calcium imaging, calcium indicator, metabotropic signaling, Ca2+, neurons, cells, mouse, animal model, cell culture, targeted esterase induced dye loading, imaging
Simultaneous Multicolor Imaging of Biological Structures with Fluorescence Photoactivation Localization Microscopy
Institutions: University of Maine.
Localization-based super resolution microscopy can be applied to obtain a spatial map (image) of the distribution of individual fluorescently labeled single molecules within a sample with a spatial resolution of tens of nanometers. Using either photoactivatable (PAFP) or photoswitchable (PSFP) fluorescent proteins fused to proteins of interest, or organic dyes conjugated to antibodies or other molecules of interest, fluorescence photoactivation localization microscopy (FPALM) can simultaneously image multiple species of molecules within single cells. By using the following approach, populations of large numbers (thousands to hundreds of thousands) of individual molecules are imaged in single cells and localized with a precision of ~10-30 nm. Data obtained can be applied to understanding the nanoscale spatial distributions of multiple protein types within a cell. One primary advantage of this technique is the dramatic increase in spatial resolution: while diffraction limits resolution to ~200-250 nm in conventional light microscopy, FPALM can image length scales more than an order of magnitude smaller. As many biological hypotheses concern the spatial relationships among different biomolecules, the improved resolution of FPALM can provide insight into questions of cellular organization which have previously been inaccessible to conventional fluorescence microscopy. In addition to detailing the methods for sample preparation and data acquisition, we here describe the optical setup for FPALM. One additional consideration for researchers wishing to do super-resolution microscopy is cost: in-house setups are significantly cheaper than most commercially available imaging machines. Limitations of this technique include the need for optimizing the labeling of molecules of interest within cell samples, and the need for post-processing software to visualize results. We here describe the use of PAFP and PSFP expression to image two protein species in fixed cells. Extension of the technique to living cells is also described.
Basic Protocol, Issue 82, Microscopy, Super-resolution imaging, Multicolor, single molecule, FPALM, Localization microscopy, fluorescent proteins
Characterization of G Protein-coupled Receptors by a Fluorescence-based Calcium Mobilization Assay
Institutions: KU Leuven.
For more than 20 years, reverse pharmacology has been the preeminent strategy to discover the activating ligands of orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The onset of a reverse pharmacology assay is the cloning and subsequent transfection of a GPCR of interest in a cellular expression system. The heterologous expressed receptor is then challenged with a compound library of candidate ligands to identify the receptor-activating ligand(s). Receptor activation can be assessed by measuring changes in concentration of second messenger reporter molecules, like calcium or cAMP. The fluorescence-based calcium mobilization assay described here is a frequently used medium-throughput reverse pharmacology assay. The orphan GPCR is transiently expressed in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells and a promiscuous Gα16
construct is co-transfected. Following ligand binding, activation of the Gα16
subunit induces the release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum. Prior to ligand screening, the receptor-expressing cells are loaded with a fluorescent calcium indicator, Fluo-4 acetoxymethyl. The fluorescent signal of Fluo-4 is negligible in cells under resting conditions, but can be amplified more than a 100-fold upon the interaction with calcium ions that are released after receptor activation. The described technique does not require the time-consuming establishment of stably transfected cell lines in which the transfected genetic material is integrated into the host cell genome. Instead, a transient transfection, generating temporary expression of the target gene, is sufficient to perform the screening assay. The setup allows medium-throughput screening of hundreds of compounds. Co-transfection of the promiscuous Gα16
, which couples to most GPCRs, allows the intracellular signaling pathway to be redirected towards the release of calcium, regardless of the native signaling pathway in endogenous settings. The HEK293T cells are easy to handle and have proven their efficacy throughout the years in receptor deorphanization assays. However, optimization of the assay for specific receptors may remain necessary.
Cellular Biology, Issue 89, G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), calcium mobilization assay, reverse pharmacology, deorphanization, cellular expression system, HEK293T, Fluo-4, FlexStation
Isolation and Culture of Human Fungiform Taste Papillae Cells
Institutions: Monell Chemical Senses Center, New York University College of Dentistry, AFB International.
Taste cells are highly specialized, with unique histological, molecular and physiological characteristics that permit detection of a wide range of simple stimuli and complex chemical molecules contained in foods. In human, individual fungiform papillae contain from zero to as many as 20 taste buds. There is no established protocol for culturing human taste cells, although the ability to maintain taste papillae cells in culture for multiple cell cycles would be of considerable utility for characterizing the molecular, regenerative, and functional properties of these unique sensory cells. Earlier studies of taste cells have been done using freshly isolated cells in primary culture, explant cultures from rodents, or semi-intact taste buds in tissue slices1,2,3,4
. Although each of these preparations has advantages, the development of long-term cultures would have provided significant benefits, particularly for studies of taste cell proliferation and differentiation. Several groups, including ours, have been interested in the development and establishment of taste cell culture models. Most attempts to culture taste cells have reported limited viability, with cells typically not lasting beyond 3-5 d5,6,7,8
. We recently reported on a successful method for the extended culture of rodent taste cells9
. We here report for the first time the establishment of an in vitro
culture system for isolated human fungiform taste papillae cells. Cells from human fungiform papillae obtained by biopsy were successfully maintained in culture for more than eight passages (12 months) without loss of viability. Cells displayed many molecular and physiological features characteristic of mature taste cells. Gustducin and phospholipase C β2, (PLC-β2) mRNA were detected in many cells by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and confirmed by sequencing. Immunocytochemistry analysis demonstrated the presence of gustducin and PLC-β2 expression in cultured taste cells. Cultured human fungiform cells also exhibited increases in intracellular calcium in response to appropriate concentrations of several taste stimuli indicating that taste receptors and at least some of the signalling pathways were present. These results sufficient indicate that taste cells from adult humans can be generated and maintained for at least eight passages. Many of the cells retain physiological and biochemical characteristics of acutely isolated cells from the adult taste epithelium to support their use as a model taste system. This system will enable further studies of the processes involved in proliferation, differentiation and function of mammalian taste receptor cells in an in vitro
Human fungiform taste papillae used for establishing human fungiform cell culture were donated for research following proper informed consent under research protocols that were reviewed and approved by the IRB committee. The protocol (#0934) was approved by Schulman Associates Institutional Review Board Inc., Cincinnati, OH. Written protocol below is based on published parameters reported by Ozdener et al
Neuroscience, Issue 63, Fungiform, taste cells, cell culture, gustducin, calcium imaging, molecular biology, human fungiform papillae
Electrophysiological Recording From Drosophila Labellar Taste Sensilla
Institutions: Yale University.
The peripheral taste response of insects can be powerfully investigated with electrophysiological techniques. The method described here allows the researcher to measure gustatory responses directly and quantitatively, reflecting the sensory input that the insect nervous system receives from taste stimuli in its environment. This protocol outlines all key steps in performing this technique. The critical steps in assembling an electrophysiology rig, such as selection of necessary equipment and a suitable environment for recording, are delineated. We also describe how to prepare for recording by making appropriate reference and recording electrodes, and tastant solutions. We describe in detail the method used for preparing the insect by insertion of a glass reference electrode into the fly in order to immobilize the proboscis. We show traces of the electrical impulses fired by taste neurons in response to a sugar and a bitter compound. Aspects of the protocol are technically challenging and we include an extensive description of some common technical challenges that may be encountered, such as lack of signal or excessive noise in the system, and potential solutions. The technique has limitations, such as the inability to deliver temporally complex stimuli, observe background firing immediately prior to stimulus delivery, or use water-insoluble taste compounds conveniently. Despite these limitations, this technique (including minor variations referenced in the protocol) is a standard, broadly accepted procedure for recording Drosophila
neuronal responses to taste compounds.
Neuroscience, Issue 84, Drosophila, insect, taste, neuron, electrophysiology, labellum, extracellular recording, labellar taste sensilla
Technique to Collect Fungiform (Taste) Papillae from Human Tongue
Institutions: College of Dentistry, New York University, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania-School of Medicine, Monell Chemical Senses Center, Monell Chemical Senses Center.
The sense of taste is critical for human life. It informs the body about the quality of food that will be potentially ingested and stimulates metabolic processes that prepare the alimentary canal for digestion. Steady progress is being made towards understanding the early biochemical and molecular events underlying taste transduction (for a review, Breslin and Spector, 20081
). However, progress to date has largely resulted from animal models. Yet, since marked differences in receptor specificity and receptor density vary among species, human taste transduction will only be understood by using human taste tissue. Here we describe a biopsy technique to collect human fungiform papillae, visible as rounded pink anterior structures, about 0.5 mm in diameter that contain taste buds. These biopsied papillae are used for several purposes including the isolation of viable taste bud cells, in situ
hybridization, immunohistochemistry and, through techniques of molecular biology, the identification of taste-specific novel proteins.
JoVE Medicine, Issue 42, tongue, human, taste cells, fungiform papillae, biopsy
Reconstitution of a Kv Channel into Lipid Membranes for Structural and Functional Studies
Institutions: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas.
To study the lipid-protein interaction in a reductionistic fashion, it is necessary to incorporate the membrane proteins into membranes of well-defined lipid composition. We are studying the lipid-dependent gating effects in a prototype voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel, and have worked out detailed procedures to reconstitute the channels into different membrane systems. Our reconstitution procedures take consideration of both detergent-induced fusion of vesicles and the fusion of protein/detergent micelles with the lipid/detergent mixed micelles as well as the importance of reaching an equilibrium distribution of lipids among the protein/detergent/lipid and the detergent/lipid mixed micelles. Our data suggested that the insertion of the channels in the lipid vesicles is relatively random in orientations, and the reconstitution efficiency is so high that no detectable protein aggregates were seen in fractionation experiments. We have utilized the reconstituted channels to determine the conformational states of the channels in different lipids, record electrical activities of a small number of channels incorporated in planar lipid bilayers, screen for conformation-specific ligands from a phage-displayed peptide library, and support the growth of 2D crystals of the channels in membranes. The reconstitution procedures described here may be adapted for studying other membrane proteins in lipid bilayers, especially for the investigation of the lipid effects on the eukaryotic voltage-gated ion channels.
Molecular Biology, Issue 77, Biochemistry, Genetics, Cellular Biology, Structural Biology, Biophysics, Membrane Lipids, Phospholipids, Carrier Proteins, Membrane Proteins, Micelles, Molecular Motor Proteins, life sciences, biochemistry, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins, lipid-protein interaction, channel reconstitution, lipid-dependent gating, voltage-gated ion channel, conformation-specific ligands, lipids
A Microplate Assay to Assess Chemical Effects on RBL-2H3 Mast Cell Degranulation: Effects of Triclosan without Use of an Organic Solvent
Institutions: University of Maine, Orono, University of Maine, Orono.
Mast cells play important roles in allergic disease and immune defense against parasites. Once activated (e.g.
by an allergen), they degranulate, a process that results in the exocytosis of allergic mediators. Modulation of mast cell degranulation by drugs and toxicants may have positive or adverse effects on human health. Mast cell function has been dissected in detail with the use of rat basophilic leukemia mast cells (RBL-2H3), a widely accepted model of human mucosal mast cells3-5
. Mast cell granule component and the allergic mediator β-hexosaminidase, which is released linearly in tandem with histamine from mast cells6
, can easily and reliably be measured through reaction with a fluorogenic substrate, yielding measurable fluorescence intensity in a microplate assay that is amenable to high-throughput studies1
. Originally published by Naal et al.1
, we have adapted this degranulation assay for the screening of drugs and toxicants and demonstrate its use here.
Triclosan is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent that is present in many consumer products and has been found to be a therapeutic aid in human allergic skin disease7-11
, although the mechanism for this effect is unknown. Here we demonstrate an assay for the effect of triclosan on mast cell degranulation. We recently showed that triclosan strongly affects mast cell function2
. In an effort to avoid use of an organic solvent, triclosan is dissolved directly into aqueous buffer with heat and stirring, and resultant concentration is confirmed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry (using ε280
= 4,200 L/M/cm)12
. This protocol has the potential to be used with a variety of chemicals to determine their effects on mast cell degranulation, and more broadly, their allergic potential.
Immunology, Issue 81, mast cell, basophil, degranulation, RBL-2H3, triclosan, irgasan, antibacterial, β-hexosaminidase, allergy, Asthma, toxicants, ionophore, antigen, fluorescence, microplate, UV-Vis
Using the GELFREE 8100 Fractionation System for Molecular Weight-Based Fractionation with Liquid Phase Recovery
Institutions: Protein Discovery, Inc..
The GELFREE 8100 Fractionation System is a novel protein fractionation system designed to maximize protein recovery during molecular weight based fractionation. The system is comprised of single-use, 8-sample capacity cartridges and a benchtop GELFREE Fractionation Instrument. During separation, a constant voltage is applied between the anode and cathode reservoirs, and each protein mixture is electrophoretically driven from a loading chamber into a specially designed gel column gel. Proteins are concentrated into a tight band in a stacking gel, and separated based on their respective electrophoretic mobilities in a resolving gel. As proteins elute from the column, they are trapped and concentrated in liquid phase in the collection chamber, free
of the gel. The instrument is then paused at specific time intervals, and fractions are collected using a pipette. This process is repeated until all desired fractions have been collected. If fewer than 8 samples are run on a cartridge, any unused chambers can be used in subsequent separations.
This novel technology facilitates the quick and simple separation of up to 8 complex protein mixtures simultaneously, and offers several advantages when compared to previously available fractionation methods. This system is capable of fractionating up to 1mg of total protein per channel, for a total of 8mg per cartridge. Intact proteins over a broad mass range are separated on the basis of molecular weight, retaining important physiochemical properties of the analyte. The liquid phase entrapment provides for high recovery while eliminating the need for band or spot cutting, making the fractionation process highly reproducible1
Basic Protocols, Cellular Biology, Issue 34, GELFREE, SDS PAGE, gel electrophoresis, protein fractionation, separation, electrophoresis, proteomics, mass spectrometry
Preparation of Artificial Bilayers for Electrophysiology Experiments
Institutions: Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University.
Planar lipid bilayers, also called artificial lipid bilayers, allow you to study ion-conducting channels in a well-defined environment. These bilayers can be used for many different studies, such as the characterization of membrane-active peptides, the reconstitution of ion channels or investigations on how changes in lipid bilayer properties alter the function of bilayer-spanning channels. Here, we show how to form a planar bilayer and how to isolate small patches from the bilayer, and in a second video will also demonstrate a procedure for using gramicidin channels to determine changes in lipid bilayer elastic properties. We also demonstrate the individual steps needed to prepare the bilayer chamber, the electrodes and how to test that the bilayer is suitable for single-channel measurements.
Cellular Biology, Issue 20, Springer Protocols, Artificial Bilayers, Bilayer Patch Experiments, Lipid Bilayers, Bilayer Punch Electrodes, Electrophysiology
Preparation and Fractionation of Xenopus laevis Egg Extracts
Institutions: Emory University.
Crude and fractionated Xenopus egg extracts can be used to provide ingredients for reconstituting cellular processes for morphological and biochemical analysis. Egg lysis and differential centrifugation are used to prepare the crude extract which in turn in used to prepare fractionated extracts and light membrane preparations.
Cellular Biology, Issue 18, Current Protocols Wiley, Xenopus laevis, Egg Extracts, Density Gradient Centrifugation, Light Membrane Fraction, Nuclear Fraction
Quantifying Agonist Activity at G Protein-coupled Receptors
Institutions: University of California, Irvine, University of California, Chapman University.
When an agonist activates a population of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), it elicits a signaling pathway that culminates in the response of the cell or tissue. This process can be analyzed at the level of a single receptor, a population of receptors, or a downstream response. Here we describe how to analyze the downstream response to obtain an estimate of the agonist affinity constant for the active state of single receptors.
Receptors behave as quantal switches that alternate between active and inactive states (Figure 1). The active state interacts with specific G proteins or other signaling partners. In the absence of ligands, the inactive state predominates. The binding of agonist increases the probability that the receptor will switch into the active state because its affinity constant for the active state (Kb
) is much greater than that for the inactive state (Ka
). The summation of the random outputs of all of the receptors in the population yields a constant level of receptor activation in time. The reciprocal of the concentration of agonist eliciting half-maximal receptor activation is equivalent to the observed affinity constant (Kobs
), and the fraction of agonist-receptor complexes in the active state is defined as efficacy (ε
) (Figure 2).
Methods for analyzing the downstream responses of GPCRs have been developed that enable the estimation of the Kobs
and relative efficacy of an agonist 1,2
. In this report, we show how to modify this analysis to estimate the agonist Kb
value relative to that of another agonist. For assays that exhibit constitutive activity, we show how to estimate Kb
in absolute units of M-1
Our method of analyzing agonist concentration-response curves 3,4
consists of global nonlinear regression using the operational model 5
. We describe a procedure using the software application, Prism (GraphPad Software, Inc., San Diego, CA). The analysis yields an estimate of the product of Kobs
and a parameter proportional to efficacy (τ
). The estimate of τKobs
of one agonist, divided by that of another, is a relative measure of Kb (RAi) 6
. For any receptor exhibiting constitutive activity, it is possible to estimate a parameter proportional to the efficacy of the free receptor complex (τsys
). In this case, the Kb
value of an agonist is equivalent to τKobs/τsys 3
Our method is useful for determining the selectivity of an agonist for receptor subtypes and for quantifying agonist-receptor signaling through different G proteins.
Molecular Biology, Issue 58, agonist activity, active state, ligand bias, constitutive activity, G protein-coupled receptor
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Abroad Study : UK
The UK is a world leader in many areas of education including engineering, science, art and design, business and management, law and finance. The UK’s reputation and legacy as a world centre for scientific research make it a magnet for some of the very best thinkers in the world. With only one per cent of the world’s population, the UK is responsible for eight per cent of global scientific publications.
The United Kingdom possesses authority in providing education and status of dominance in the world of learning. Its research and quality driven institutions are unmatched in a variety of subjects including Engineering, Law, Economics and Business. The knowledge base of UK University Departments, Research Centres and Faculty is of superior quality that must be tapped into by those aspiring to be future leaders.
The UK education system gives students the freedom to combine courses and subjects from different areas of studies, so you can tailor your degree to your own needs and interest.
• +2 or equivalent graduate
• 50% plus in +2
• 6.0 Bands overall in IELTS
• 3 years gaps accepted
• Fast track offer letter
• Students from any stream can apply
• Part-time job aloud
• PR opportunities
• Spouse can go together
• Multiple choice colleges/universities
• Verities of subjects of your choice
• Scholarship available
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The COVID-19 outbreak first identified on campus last week appears to be slowing, but it is too soon for the community to let its guard down, Provost Joseph Helble told viewers of this week’s Community Conversations webcast.
In the past seven days, 139 students and three employees have tested positive for the coronavirus and remain in isolation, and another 139 students are currently in quarantine, and 142 are in isolation, according to Dartmouth’s COVID-19 dashboard. Libraries and athletic facilities are closed, and dining has shifted to a “grab-and-go” mode for students not in quarantine or isolation—precautions that will be in place at least through Friday.
While “it remains too early to lift any of these restrictions,” the trend is going in the right direction, Helble said—from 40 new cases on Saturday down to 19 on Sunday, with an average of 10 new cases a day for the past three days. The decision to loosen or extend the restrictions will be announced on Friday.
(Those in quarantine have not tested positive for the virus and do not have symptoms but have been identified as being at risk for COVID-19 exposure. Those in isolation may or may not have symptoms and have tested positive for the virus or are awaiting test results. Four employees are in quarantine and nine are isolating.)
Helble was joined on the webcast this week by Dartmouth College Health Service Director Mark Reed and COVID-19 Task Force co-chairs Lisa Adams and Josh Keniston, in a conversation moderated by Vice President for Communications Justin Anderson.
Variants and Vaccines
Adams, the associate dean for global health and an epidemiologist and associate professor of medicine at the Geisel School of Medicine, said that while Dartmouth has not been specifically testing for new strains of the COVID-19 coronavirus, she believes the campus’ current outbreak is “highly likely” to be the mutation first identified in the United Kingdom, known as the B.1.1.7 variant, which is more transmissible than the original SARS-CoV-2 virus and has been found to be present in New Hampshire.
“The somewhat explosive nature of this outbreak suggests that this is a virus with a higher transmission rate,” Adams said. She also noted that federal health officials had predicted that the B.1.1.7 variant “will be the predominant strain circulating in the U.S. by March—and here we are on March 3.”
Dartmouth does not plan to test for the variant on an individual basis, but will work with Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (DHMC) to do the genetic sequencing “on a subset of our samples” to understand whether the variant is on campus, Adams said.
The current outbreak “serves as a painful reminder of why we need to double down on our masking, our distancing, our avoiding gathering together as much as all we want to do,” Adams said. “This is a time, as Dr. Tony Fauci said, to keep our foot on the accelerator.”
Asked about plans for vaccinating the community, Adams said Dartmouth is talking with New Hampshire state officials and with DHMC about becoming a point of distribution, or POD. “But we will be following the New Hampshire allocation scheme” in terms of who is eligible to receive the vaccine when, she said. “That does not allow our community members to jump the queue.”
Student Health, Near and Far
Reed said that most of the students currently in isolation are experiencing mild to moderate symptoms, and none so far have needed hospitalization.
But mild symptoms do not mean that COVID-19 is not a potentially serious illness, even for a young and healthy population. Reed said that he and the staff at Dick’s House have started to see students “presenting with long-haul symptoms like fatigue, brain fog, persistent loss of smell and taste, and even some autonomic symptoms where if they try to exercise their heart rate builds up. These are students who had mild symptoms when they had COVID.”
The literature suggests that such long-haul symptoms could affect up to 10% of COVID-19 patients, he said.
Reed’s staff stays in daily phone contact with students in isolation and quarantine, conducts contact tracing, and is available to provide medical and mental health services for all students, including those who are studying remotely this term.
“We’ve had to be creative and innovative in workshops, podcasts, groups, doing consultations, and really, for any students that have urgent needs, working with them until the crisis is over and getting them connected either locally or at a distance,” he said.
To meet an increased demand for mental health services, Reed, who is a psychiatrist, said Dartmouth Health Services is increasing its counseling staff by 50%, from 10 to 15 staff counselors.
Late Night Dining
In response to student requests, dining services will start providing food after hours, from 9 p.m. until midnight, beginning on Friday and running through Tuesday, March 16, “to help sustain students in their late-night evening studies in their rooms,” Helble said.
Keniston, the vice president of Campus Services and Institutional Projects, spoke about the logistics of switching from in-person to “grab-and-go” dining and delivering meals to the students in quarantine and isolation.
“It is not a small task to make deliveries several times a day, with people coming in and out of quarantine and isolation,” he said. “Our teams have been flexible and have stepped up to help support everyone and to help ease the quarantine and isolation process.”
Looking Ahead to Spring and Beyond
Keniston said the current schedule for spring term move-in dates won’t change unless the number of positive cases take a turn for the worse. “I would say I’m optimistic that we are headed on the right path and we will be good to go for spring arrival as planned,” he said.
Helble said he expects spring operations to look similar to the past fall and winter, with the summer as “a term of transition,” as more members of the community will have had access to vaccinations.
“I’m quite hopeful that we have two more terms of this (spring and summer) and fall will feel closer to a regular Dartmouth term with much more of the curriculum being offered in person,” Helble said. “Of course, that is not a promise. It depends on so many things, including vaccination and disease progression.”
As in the winter, students on campus during the spring term will have a variety of opportunities to engage outdoors, including, among others:
- Tents for outdoor socially distanced gatherings and some class sessions
- A nine-hole disc golf course
- Electric bikes available for use
- Boat rentals at Ledyard Canoe Club
- Guided hiking and outdoor exploration of the area
- Equipment for a variety of lawn games
- Continued access to fire pits and Adirondack chairs on the Green
Helble said Dartmouth continues to plan for an in-person commencement ceremony for graduating students in June. But he stressed that such a gathering—which would not include guests—would be possible only if the campus could return to and sustain a low COVID-19 positivity rate, and would be canceled if testing revealed another late-term outbreak.
“Commencement is being planned, but it is not a guarantee—it is in our hands as a community to make this happen,” he said. “It is going to take all of us—each and every one of us looking out for one another and taking the steps we need the take to protect the health of the community and the campus.”
Community Conversations is a live production of Dartmouth’s Media Production Group and the Office of Communications that airs on selected Wednesdays at 3:30 p.m. The next show airs March 17.
For the most recent information on Dartmouth’s response to the pandemic, visit the Dartmouth Together COVID-19 website.
Hannah Silverstein can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.org
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Food production makes up a third of the global greenhouse gas emissions and is one of the biggest drivers of biodiversity loss. Many solutions for decreasing the environmental damage caused by the food system stress the role of farmers as food producers as well as providers of ecosystem services.
By this way of thinking, farmers have to champion environmentally friendly production methods and technologies. However, sustainable agriculture often requires a certain level of capital, and many farmers in low-income countries don’t have access to credit and financial information.
According to Nicole Bolomey, Director for Andreas Hermes Akademie International, both young and senior farmers struggle with understanding taxes, bank loans and other financial aspects of running a business and accessing capital. Meanwhile, some agribusinesses that have managed to untangle the net of information soon realize that they won’t be able to get financial support as they are either too small for bank loans or too large for microfinance.
So, how could policy makers, private investors and civil society organizations support farmers to access capital and invest in sustainable agriculture?
First of all, secure and long-term land tenure is essential for farmers to even consider putting time and money into sustainable agricultural methods.
Farmers who do not have their own land or a long term lease, tend not to invest in the land. Policies should, therefore, implement land reforms that increase farmers’ access to land and secure their land rights.
The importance of data
Farmers who have secure access to land often depend on local rural banks for accessing capital. But agriculture isn’t a business that banks generally work with, and farmers often don’t have a financial history, which means that banks don’t have sufficient knowledge and information about the farms. Donors and non-governmental organizations could provide local rural banks with access to data and information about farmers’ cash flows and assets. This way banks could tailor design loans and credit packages to meet the farmer’s needs and capacities, at the same time decreasing the level of risk with the investment.
Data that visualizes farmers’ cash flows and assets in relation to the investments can also prove to funders the positive effects loaning money to farmers can have on the livelihoods and food security of rural households. Information that can be used to encourage future funding, at the same time making it easier for policymakers to make evidence-based decisions.
“To get funding, one needs to show that the new approach can generate profit for a single farmer. One needs to demonstrate to both farmers and financial investors that the inputs yield payback and returns outweigh the risks,” says Adi Widyanto, Head of Conservation and Development at BirdLife Partner Indonesia.
Incentive for sustainability
Environmentally friendly agriculture methods and technologies can be profitable and make farms more resilient, if the positive ecosystem services and health benefits they provide are accounted for. Redirecting public subsidies and funds towards agricultural practices that harness biodiversity and care for water, forests and soils would reward farmers for producing food in an environmentally friendly manner. It would also deliver on policy goals, aiding the transition towards sustainability.
Noteworthy, the time lag between investment and payback in sustainable agriculture is quite long. Even if a farmer manages to access capital and invest in sustainable agriculture, it can take years to restore the land and ecosystem services. So, farmers need incentives and support to continue their work even several years after the initial engagement.
One way to encourage such long-term systematic transformation is through results-based payment, in which farmers are asked to commit to sustainable practices in return for pre-financing and receive higher payment later on if they continue to farm sustainably.
Looking beyond production
It is important to remember that sustainable production methods and technologies are not the only means for decreasing the negative impacts of the food system. Deforestation, the use of chemicals, waste management and transportation within food value chains are some of the other factors that must be dealt with in order to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions caused by the sector. Sustainability needs to become a business driver for the whole food system.
Consumption side measures should also be part of the portfolio. However, it is important to have in mind that certifications, which set up standards for sustainable food and are meant to move the cost to consumers, tend to add burden for the farmers and is not that effective, according to Christofer Steward, Senior Vice President and Global Head of Sustainability at OLAM.
The shortcomings of certifications have been on the radar for some time, and several major certification brands, like the Rainforest Alliance, have been updating their certification approach with smarter improvement scales, allowing for smallholders to move towards environmental and social criteria at their own pace.
While improving certifications is a step forward, there is also a need to include the negative environmental and social externalities in the price of food.
“First and foremost consumers care about the costs, while brand value and sustainability are secondary. We therefore need to make unsustainable food more expensive to push it out from the system,” Christopher Steward argues.
The food system is very fragmented as different actors manage different parts of value chains. A transformation of the system requires different actors to work together to find new ways to collaborate, without risking businesses’ commercial interest.
The private sector has a big role in this transition and an opportunity to deliver sustainability solutions at scale, but businesses need from the public sector to contribute with supporting policies and smart subsidies, whilst consumers and civil society organizations need to increase the demand for sustainable food.
Reporting from the Global Landscape Forum 2020 by Anna Ioannou. She is the Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning Officer at SIANI. Anna holds a Master’s Degree in Rural Development and Natural Resource Management from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) and Bachelor’s Degree in Economics and Political Science from Uppsala University.
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A simple bounding box. Operations on bounding boxes are designed to be fast, not accurate. The only guarantee on any bounding box operation is that objects reported to be outside a bounding box, are.
A convenience class for any finite geometry. In particular, it's easy to concatenate the bounding box of multiple geometries by placing them in a list and taking the bounding box of the entire list.
View of a bounding box in the form of a bounding spehre.
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Some people think badminton is a girly or gay sport because most people playing in the game tend to be soft and relaxed. The shuttlecocks that used to play badminton are also full of feathers that are light and soft.
Besides, the game they play is not like other sports such as soccer and basketball that need strength to play on the ground.
Because of that, they think that badminton belongs to girls.
- 1 Why is it “Feminine Sport”?
- 2 Some Data and Statistics on Badminton
- 3 People Feel Girly Because They Are Not Watching on the Spot
- 4 Body Confrontation
- 5 Maximum Heart Rate For Your Age
- 6 Many Good Characteristics on Female Who Playing Badminton
Why is it “Feminine Sport”?
As we know, badminton was originated in India during the British colonization.
What followed was that the original badminton sport was brought back to the UK by British officers and soon became popular in the UK. The sport got standardized and then widely spread to the Commonwealth countries and coastal countries of Western Europe and Southeast Asia.
Although men mainly attended the sport initially, it was then favored by more and more women. So, the sport has gradually formed the impression to be “feminine sport.”
Some Data and Statistics on Badminton
Do you agree with that? For me, I would love to share something with you no matter if you agree or disagree with it.
We can see from the picture below that badminton is one of the few sports where more females than males are playing. Because of this, most people will have the impression that badminton is actually a girly sport.
Let’s take a look at the different sports that different age groups play. From the chart below, we have the categories of 6 different age groups range from below 15-year-old to above 55-year-old.
From the chart, we can see that badminton is a sport that is loved to play by people of all ages. Ping pong is the game choice for the elderly. Young kids relish basketball, the middle-age group prefers soccer, and tennis has many age group players for 36-45 years.
There are other calculations and measurements on badminton compare to the sports of basketball and soccer as shown below:
|A 45-minutes badminton match||– Average movement for every rally is 159m.
– Average stroke for every rally is 19 times.
– 80% of the time need for acute turning and stopping.
– Arm swing for more than 100 times.
– Body move for 300+ times.
– Every time body turn is 90 degrees and above.
– Running on the court is 6,000m.
– Stride for 210+ times.
– Hitting shuttles 1000+ times (Doubles).
– Average shuttle speed 289km/h(Doubles).
– Jumping 160+ times.
|An NBA match that has a score of 100||Running for 3,500m|
|A soccer match||Running for 7,000m|
- An average badminton match takes 40 to 70 minutes.
- The match in history that took the longest to finish is the women’s double which took 159 minutes.
If someone tells you badminton is a sport suited for girls, the elderly, and children, you can tell them the statistics shown above. The truth is, for many matches, badminton requires more stamina and energy than ping pong, soccer, basketball, and tennis.
The data shown in the table is only a calculation for a 45-minute match. In fact, most of the world tournaments basically required 80+ minutes to finish a match. So, you can actually double the calculation and see how exhausted the sport of badminton is.
People Feel Girly Because They Are Not Watching on the Spot
Most people are watching badminton matches on television. The game plays are not very intuitive through the television screen. The sound capturing system is placed very far away for the screen to express all the players’ movements, and the lens is placed very high. This resulting in a lack of power and speed when people watching badminton matches on television.
But if you are watching live on the spot for badminton matches, the sound of hitting the shuttles can be scary and thrilling.
Other than looking at the perspective of badminton on the body, playing venue, equipment, etc., we should also look at other aspects before concluding that badminton is a very “masculine” sport.
We also need to pay attention to men’s love for a certain sport, not only because the sport has extremely high requirements for the body, playing venue, equipment, and so on.
Men’s favorite sports like soccer, basketball, and American football are all directly confronted by a large amount and intense body competing.
Therefore, the public’s impression of the feminization of badminton is mainly because there is no physical confrontation, other than the sport’s requirements for the body, playing venue, and the equipment.
Maximum Heart Rate For Your Age
Since playing badminton requires a lot of stamina, you need to know if you can cope with the sport by not getting exhausted when playing the game, which may do great harm to your body. One thing that you need to ensure is your heart rate.
You may have no idea what heart rate is all about. I will give you a formula on how to calculate the rate of your heartbeat:
[208-(0.7 x Age)] x 0.8=Maximum exercise heartbeat
Exceeding this heart rate will cause physical discomfort.
John is 30-year-old.
The calculation will be:
[208-(0.7 x 30)] x 0.8 = 149.60
The maximum exercise heart rate for John is 149.60.
Therefore, it is a trivial matter if you have a sore leg or sore ass after playing badminton. If you have nausea or difficulty breathing, you most probably have exceeded the maximum exercise heart rate. It would help if you slowed down by not playing too aggressively.
It is not a good thing for anyone to bring sexism to sports. You shouldn’t do that, and you shouldn’t encourage people to think in that way as well. It is disgraceful and not respectful to all badminton players by categorized the sport as “girly,” “gay,” or “feminine” sport.
All badminton players are training very hard to make themselves better players every day. They are putting their sweat, blood, and tears into the game. It is unfair to make such a classification that may ruin the players’ passion and zeal for playing badminton.
Many Good Characteristics on Female Who Playing Badminton
Not only that, playing badminton is not girly at all. Even for female players, playing badminton can show various good aspects of female characteristics.
They are full of fun
Girls who love playing badminton are always having fun themselves. They are self-cultivating and not monotonous.
They are having a lot of pleasure by playing badminton. They walked into the badminton hall to cleanse their body and mind.
They feel joyful when they walk out of the hall. They know how to adjust their mood and how to stay happy always. With this, they can bring a lot of happiness to the people around them.
They look young always
Girls who like to play badminton tend to look young. When you look into those girls who play badminton, they are separated from their peers who seldom exercise.
Playing badminton makes their bodies more sturdy and firmer. The badminton court is their beauty salon.
Every drop of sweat is detoxification of the body. Every insistence makes their age be just a number!
Thus, a sporty woman is always energetic and always looks young.
They have connotation
The girl who loves playing badminton has a connotation. They tame their temperament through exercise and cultivate their qualities. They don’t need heavy makeup, yet they look very simple and elegant.
They know how to live their life
Girls who love playing badminton know how to live their life. They know how to live a healthy life and seldom get themselves into illness.
They are not practicing any dieting to lose weight. They enjoy vegetables, fruits, and whole grains.
They can take good care of their family
They are active and having good control of the rhythm of their life. They also take care of their family’s life.
Badminton is not a sport that you can accomplish alone. It required coordination and cooperation from many parties. Such coordination and cooperation can bring happiness to them.
Girls who often play badminton know the importance of sharing. This spirit of sharing is also manifested in life. They are happy to share good things with the people around them. They know willingness to share will bring more happiness and enjoyment to them and others.
They are healthy
A healthy body determines the quality of life. The health index of women playing badminton is much higher than those of ordinary people.
When going to travel, they can see more scenery than others.
When going to work, they are always the ones who can stay focus on their work.
When going to the party, they are always the ones with the most active and energetic ones.
Playing badminton has broadened the length and depth of their life.
You may also be interested to know if it is safe to play badminton if you are pregnant.
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The apostle's concern is not simply with our talk and conversation with one another, but with the whole course of our life and behavior in the world. The Greek word translated "manner of life" signifies the actions and the privileges of citizenship: And in this way we are commanded to let our actions, as citizens of the New Jerusalem, be worthy of the Gospel of Christ. What "manner of life" is this?
· In the first place, the Gospel is very simple. So Christians should be simple and plain in their habits. There should be about our manner, our speech, our dress, our whole behavior that simplicity that is the very soul of beauty.
· The Gospel is preeminently true. It is gold without dross; and the Christian's life will be lusterless and valueless without the jewel of truth.
· The Gospel is a very fearless Gospel; it boldly proclaims the truth, whether men like it or not. We must be equally faithful and unflinching.
· But the Gospel is also very gentle. We see this in Jesus: "a bruised reed he will not break."1 Some professing Christians are sharper than a thorn-hedge; such men are not like Jesus. Let us seek to win others by the gentleness of our words and deeds.
· The Gospel is very loving. It is the message of the God of love to a lost and fallen race. Christ's command to His disciples was, "Love one another." We need more real, hearty union with and love for all the saints, more tender compassion toward the souls of the worst and vilest of men!
· We must not forget that the Gospel of Christ is holy. It never excuses sin: It pardons it, but only through an atonement. If our life is to resemble the Gospel, we must shun not merely the grosser vices, but everything that would hinder our perfect conformity to Christ.
For His sake, for our own sakes, and for the sake of others, we must strive day by day to let our manner of life be more in accordance with His Gospel.
1 Matthew 12:20
Family Bible reading plan
verse 1 Isaiah 25
verse 2 1 John 3
Click here to learn more about Truth For Life
From Morning & Evening revised and edited by Alistair Begg copyright © 2003. Used by permission of Crossway Books, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers, Wheaton, IL 60187, www.crossway.org.
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from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
- n. A kinsman or kinswoman.
from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
- n. a person having kinship with another or others
Sorry, no etymologies found.
As it is says Deuteronomy 15:9: If you don't give to your needy kinsperson “He will cry out to God against you, and you will incur guilt.â€
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Renowned singer-songwriter and Victoria's Secret spokesman Bob Dylan joins the ranks of Warren Buffett, Stephen Hawking and George Bush Sr as one of the newest recipients of the 2012 presidential medal of freedom.
In a White House ceremony, Dylan and the 12 other award recipients will receive the highest civilian honor in the US, established by president John F Kennedy in 1963.
According to the White House, the presidential medal of freedom is given to individuals who make especially meritorious contributions to US security, world peace, culture or "other significant public or private endeavors".
This year, these notable individuals include the winningest basketball coach in NCAA history, Pat Summitt, astronaut John Glenn, and the epidemiologist who led the successful campaign to eradicate smallpox, William Foege.
Posthumous awards are going to Girl Scouts founder Juliette Gordon Low, Gordon Hirabayashi, a Japanese American who defied internment during the second world war, and a Polish Underground member who provided one of the first eyewitness accounts of the Holocaust, Jan Karski.
"These extraordinary honorees come from different backgrounds and different walks of life, but each of them has made a lasting contribution to the life of our nation," President Obama said in a statement. "They've challenged us, they've inspired us, and they've made the world a better place. I look forward to recognizing them with this award."
Here is the complete list of this year's award recipients with some details from the White House and web on why they were selected:
In 1997, Albright was appointed by president Bill Clinton as the first woman to serve as US secretary of state. During her four-year tenure, she worked to enlarge Nato and helped lead their campaign against ethnic cleansing in the Balkans, sought to reduce the spread of nuclear weapons and championed human rights across the globe.
Former justice department official that led efforts to protect and enforce civil rights in the 1960s. He is credited with singlehandedly preventing a riot after the murder of Medgar Evers and leading the effort to enforce the right to vote and implement the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Doar continues to work as a lawyer at Doar Tieck Kaley & Mack in New York.
Highly influential musician who released his first album 50 years ago, Dylan is now the winner of 11 Grammys and a lifetime achievement award. He has written more than 600 songs and continues to record and tour today.
Physician and epidemiologist that lead the successful campaign to eradicate smallpox in the 1970s. Foege continues to champion global health issues as a senior fellow at The Carter Center and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
Former marine corps pilot, US senator and of course, astronaut. Third American in space and first to orbit the Earth. Glenn also received the congressional gold medal and the congressional space medal of honor.
Openly defied the forced relocation and interment of Japanese Americans during the second world war. This defiance landed him in prison, at which time he obtained a doctoral degree in psychology and became a professor. His conviction was overturned in 1987 and he died on 2 January of this year.
Human rights activist who co-founded the National Farmworkers Association with Cesar Chavez in 1962. She founded the Dolores Huerta Foundation in 2002, an organization dedicated to developing community organizers and national leaders. She was awarded the Eleanor Roosevelt award for human rights by President Clinton in 1998.
Karski served as an officer in the Polish Underground during the second world war and carried one of the first eye-witness accounts of the Holocaust to the world. Karski became a US citizen in 1954 and worked as a professor at Georgetown's school of foreign service before he died in 2000.
Juliette Gordon Low
Founded the Girl Scouts in 1912, which grew to be the largest educational organization for girls and has over 50 million members. It is the 100th anniversary of the organization, which calls 2012 'the year of the girl'. Low died in 1927.
Pulitzer prize winning author of Beloved, Song of Solomon and Jazz and the first African American woman to win a Nobel prize. Morrison continues to write today.
Elected the ninth president of Israel in 2007, Peres is an ardent advocate for Israel's security and for peace. Since 1959, he has served a variety of positions in the Israeli government. He won the 1994 Nobel peace prize for his work during the Middle East peace talks that lead to the Oslo accords.
John Paul Stevens
The third longest-serving justice in supreme court history, Stevens served as associate justice of the US supreme court from 1975 to 2010. A veteran of the second world war, Stevens was awarded the Bronze Star for his work as a naval intelligence officer.
All-time winningest coach in NCAA basketball history, Summit took the University of Tennessee to more final four appearances than any other coach. Off the court, she is a spokesperson against Alzheimer's. Summit is the only other woman in sports to win this award besides Billie Jean King.
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Gender Equality in Cuba
This week is an important moment to focus on the economic, political and social achievements of women as we celebrate International Women’s Day on March 8. While countries have a long way to go in promoting gender equality, a report by the Center for Democracy in the Americas (CDA) looks at where Cuba stands among them.
The report is the culmination of more than two years of research on the comparative economic, social and political standing of women in Cuba. It includes dozens of interviews on the status of gender equality which reveal, despite its global standing as a leader on certain gender issues, where Cuba falls short in achieving equality.
The study begins in the 1950s, with a synopsis of the commitments to equal rights made by Cuban revolutionaries before they came to power. We then identify six policies that produced the biggest changes: efforts to increase female workforce participation; national commitments to education and health care; adoption of a constitutional and legal architecture that protects women’s rights; the incorporation of women’s equality and rights as a core part of the revolution’s political project; creation of women’s organizations to serve as advocates for change; and a successful, early campaign to end illiteracy in Cuba.
These and other efforts enable Cuba to fulfill the Millennium Development Goals for primary education, gender equality and reducing infant mortality—and score first among developing countries in maternal mortality, live births attended by health care personnel and female life expectancy at birth, according to Save the Children.
But, the numbers don’t tell the whole story. Cuba has a long way to go when outcomes are measured against key gender equality objectives: access to higher-paying jobs; achieving a fair division of labor at work and home; and access to positions of real power in the communist party or government.
Part of the problem, sexism in the workplace, will be familiar to women everywhere. Mimi, an academic, shared with us what her boss told her when she was considering life plans: “Don’t even think about having a baby, because you’re going to throw your career out the window. Don’t have a baby and don’t get married.”
Another obstacle is political. President Raúl Castro discussed the underrepresentation in leadership of young people, Afro-Cubans and women in a speech at the 6th Congress of the Communist Party in 2011: “It’s really embarrassing that we have not solved this problem in more than half a century.”
But two years later, “this problem,” as he called it, has not been solved. Raúl Castro has announced he will abide by his presidential term limit, but Cuba’s gender equality accomplishments are very much at risk. Actions taken by the government to update its economic model—such as cutting state jobs and reallocating education and health resources—could also endanger gains made by women, made possible by the revolution’s early commitment to equality. Aware of this situation, our report offers policy recommendations for how Cuban women can play a greater role in building their country’s future.
There is broad agreement in development policy that gender equality is a human right and correlates to economic success and good governance. Barbara, an entrepreneur, told us that economic reforms have allowed her to open a small business, manage her own decisions, save money, and even reduce her reliance on her husband:
"My life has improved over the last several years with the possibility of working as a cuentapropista (owning an account). More than anything, the benefit of being a cuentapropista is the ability to manage your own decisions. I can decide how to invest, what hours to work, whether I want to offer special deals and other decisions regarding how to manage the business. In other words, I'm my own boss and I suffer the consequences, but also reap the benefits of my decisions.”
This is happening across Cuba, and what happens economically will have repercussions politically. As women—and men—are more empowered, they are better able to decide whether to work at home or travel abroad to earn a living. This creates more space in the system, and ultimately creates more opportunities in the political sphere or in senior management hierarchies for women to lead and exercise real power.
Should this matter to the U.S.? We think so. The alternative to our stale diplomacy and outdated Cold War policies is supporting the idea of a prosperous and more equal Cuba 90 miles from our shores. If we engage with Cuba on issues like gender equality, it will help our two countries move closer to normalization and remove an obstacle that divides the U.S. from our neighbors in Latin America.
The report is available for download here.
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Please check your email inbox to confirm your subscription!
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Curious about our name? Check out this post.
Seasons, cycles, and time have always fascinated me. I enjoy learning how other cultures have experienced these phenomena in diverse ways. In the U.S., we have the four-season astronomical model that’s based on the equinoxes and solstices. Some countries use a meteorological definition for seasons—four seasons each containing three complete, undivided months. Some cultures have six seasons. …
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Facebook, as the largest social network on the web, has literally connected more than one billion people across the globe. Every day people log into the network find and rekindle old friendships or develop new ones. Often a favorite activity members of Facebook tend to engage in is seeking out old chums and/or flames.
In most instances, seeking out old friends and past loves is an act that stems from curiosity and is probably not an issue for most people. Once the curiosity factor is over, people move on, return to their lives and/or develop new friendships based on their current (or adult) values and interests. In some situations, seeking out old connections on Facebook is totally healthy and a lot of fun, but in other situations it may be detrimental to life and create problems in a current relationship.
How to tell?
Facebook is structured where seemingly endless connections to the past can be made. But how does this affect current relationships?
Evaluate Your Life
When assessing whether or not connecting with people from your past on Facebook might be harmful for your current relationship, it is a good idea to evaluate how things are in your life. Asking yourself whether or not hooking up with the past would be opening up the proverbial can of worms is a good start. Or consider if it might enhance your relationship by widening your circle of friends and create activities of things to do with other people you share a bond with or similar interests.
Of course, it also depends upon the people you want to connect to. Old loves are a delicate subject in many instances and likely to be of higher concern to the relationship than seeking out high school pals. When looking at profiles on Facebook or suggestions that come from Facebook of people you might be interested in connecting with, consider the status of your current relationship and how each person from the past might impact your life at this point in time. Would the old relationship have a natural fit or would it create awkwardness?
What’s the Motive?
A motive for digging into the past is probably one of the biggest factors to consider when making the decision to reconnect – or not. Ask yourself a few questions:
- Why do you want to seek out the past? Is it because you're feeling older and wistful of days gone by? Just wondering what happened to the people from yesteryear?
- Are you looking to turn back the clock?
- Are you overly curious about an old boyfriend or girlfriend and/or never had closure to a particular relationship?
- Is your current relationship going through a crisis and you want an escape from reality?
If it is mere interest or curiosity, there is likely little harm to be done, however, if seeking out the past is an “escape” of sorts, then reconnecting could be treading into dangerous territory.
When escapism is the motive for pursuing the past, this can be a dangerous path to follow, especially if the reason is also connected to current relationship problems.
If you're worried about causing a wedge in your current relationship by revisiting your younger days, then there is likely reason for concern. In this instance, it is important to truly be honest with yourself and evaluate why you are seeking out the past in the first place.
Status of Current Relationship
Many relationships can easily withstand Facebook being a part of daily life. People log on, catch up with conversation and log off. However, in other instances, it can be a slippery slope. Relationships that are already going through a rocky time or are otherwise experiencing troubles can be at further risk once Facebook enters the picture. Significant others might be angry, annoyed or jealous, especially if ongoing conflict has been present. If one partner ignores the other in favor of spending time online revisiting the past, Facebook can be detrimental because it takes further attention away from the relationship.
Does Facebook take priority over the people and events in daily life? If, by seeking out the past, it dominates what's going on in the here and now, that could lead to serious problems.
If a history of infidelity exists from either partner, Facebook can be a sticky situation and be potentially damaging to the relationship. Although even the healthiest of relationships can end up going through trauma from one partner seeking out the past, because even if no history of unfaithfulness exists, emotional affairs can and do happen. Nostalgia is a powerful feeling, if this occurs, it begins often before the person realizes what they've gotten themselves into.
Speaking of nostalgia ...
Getting Lost in Nostalgia
Nostalgia is often a powerful pull that can be hard to resist. While walking down memory lane can offer a feeling of youthfulness and fulfilling satisfaction, ultimately in the end, the past is gone and the now is here. It is important to consider how much the current relationship is valued and, if it is one that wants to be held onto, he or she should carefully evaluate his or her motives and watch those boundaries when strolling down memory lane. With a promise to keep boundaries intact when engaging on online networks, connecting with people from the past shouldn't be unhealthy for a current relationship.
Seeking out old friends and loves on Facebook may or may not be unhealthy for a current relationship, ultimately, it depends upon the person and the relationship he or she is currently in. In many instances, reconnecting on Facebook is a lot of fun. However, if proper limits are maintained and no hints beyond a platonic relationship exist, reconnecting doesn't have to be detrimental or harmful to a relationship.
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The covering material that you choose for your roof is essential for the efficiency and the durability of your roof. Asphalt shingles, wood, metal, tiles are all available, so here are the most important aspects to consider when making the decision:
- Durability – this should be among your top priorities. Each roofing material comes with a different lifespan: asphalt shingles are warranted for about 15-25 years, metal for 20-30, while clay tiles and slate can stay on your building for at least 90 years;
- Costs – roofing materials vary in terms of pricing as well: asphalt shingles are the cheapest, followed by metal, while natural materials, such as stone and wood are the most expensive solutions;
- Maintenance – natural materials are more maintenance-intensive, while metal, asphalt and tiles don’t need any special maintenance, other than regular inspection, cleaning and repairs for the issues detected during the checks;
- Climate – the type of weather that your roof will need to endure should also influence your choice. Asphalt shingles work best in moderate climate areas; metal is a great choice for harsh environments, but it needs to be supported with suitable insulation to improve its thermal efficiency, while clay works well in any climate area.
For more detailed information regarding roofing materials, look at https://www.losgatosroofing.com/.
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