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A malfunctioning heat pump can waste energy — and you may not know it until it’s too late.
If your heat pump is set to heat mode, make sure the outside compressor is operating when the indoor air handler is running. If the outside unit is not operating, the auxiliary resistance heat will automatically start running to heat your house; and you won’t necessarily realize the compressor isn’t working because your house will be warm.
Here’s how to know everything is running efficiently.
You’re probably familiar with the auxiliary heat (Aux Ht) indicator on your thermostat. Auxiliary heat uses resistance heat strips inside the air handler to warm air. When the heat pump doesn’t make enough heat on its own, it will automatically turn on to compensate. While this does the job, it’s not very efficient and uses at least double the energy of a properly operating heat pump.
Some smart thermostats let you set how often you’d like to use auxiliary heat, so you can choose between saving energy, being more comfortable, or a balance between the two.
Auxiliary heat mode is designed to operate when the indoor temperature is three degrees cooler than the thermostat setting. If you have a heat pump, increase your heat setting by two degrees at a time to prevent your auxiliary heat from kicking on.
Test your system’s efficiency
To know how well your HVAC is performing, it’s important to know the difference between return air temperature — what goes in your filter grille — and supply air temperature — what comes out of the vents. We call this the “split” temperature, and you can test it using a digital thermometer (about $12 at a hardware store).
The ideal split temperature depends on the mode you’re using. Test your system’s performance on each setting:
Heat pump only: This is the most efficient setting on your heat pump because it only uses your outside compressor to generate heat, but it only works when the outside temperature is above 40 degrees. The “split” temperature between the supply air and the air coming out of your vents should be 25 degrees or more.
Heat pump with auxiliary heat: At this setting, the “split” temperature should be about 30 degrees depending on the amount of connected heating elements. Auxiliary heat also runs during the system’s defrost cycle. If the system is having to defrost frequently, you may need to switch your thermostat setting to “emergency heat”.
Emergency heat: When the outside temperature is below freezing, this is the most effective setting. You’ll pay more to run it because it takes more electricity to operate, but it works well to achieve comfort and reduces wear and tear on your heat pump. The “split” temperature in this setting should be well above 30 degrees, depending on the number of heating elements connected.
Many variables can impact each of these functions. If you have concerns about performance, hire a knowledgeable HVAC contractor to explain how your system works and help you get the most out of it. | <urn:uuid:1e763898-ec54-4b3b-9c37-2178b7160824> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pec.coop/news/2021/heat-pump/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.918404 | 660 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Turkish cuisine, having a six hundred year splendid flavor inheritance, is considered as the third richest cuisine in the world. It got enriched with immigrant and minority cultures during Roman, Byzantium and Ottoman period.
Turkish cuisine varies across the country. The cooking of Istanbul, Bursa, Izmir, and rest of the Aegean region inherits many elements of Ottoman court cuisine, with a lighter use of spices, a preference for rice over bulgur, koftes and a wider availability of vegetable stews (türlü), eggplant (patlıcan), stuffed dolmas and fish.
The cuisine of the Black Sea Region uses fish extensively, especially the Black Sea anchovy (hamsi) and includes maize dishes.
The cuisine of the southeast – Urfa, Gaziantep and Adana – is famous for its variety of kebabs, mezes and dough – based desserts such as baklava, şöbiyet, kadayıf and künefe.
Especially in the western parts of Turkey, where olive trees grow abundantly, olive oil is the major type of oil used for cooking.
The cuisines of the Aegean, Marmara and Mediterranean regions are rich in vegetables, herbs, and fish.
Central Anatolia has many famous specialties, such as keşkek, mantı (especially from Kayseri) and gözleme. | <urn:uuid:d2c14a7f-6f29-455b-b5f2-8641ff57ad2d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://savourturkey.com/en/tours/gastronomy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.927671 | 297 | 2.65625 | 3 |
In this essay the author sets out some questions about whether law can be made a site of encouraging more positive, peace seeking, non-violent, and pro-social behaviors. These questions derive from my own family history, as well as from my experience as a social and political activist, and also as a practicing lawyer and legal scholar. She begins in the introduction by setting out these questions in light of current conditions of domestic and international violence and some past considerations of categories of law. In the second section of this essay the author explains where her questions come from—her personal and professional biography—and how these influences have led to her conclusions, in the third section, that there is no one right way forward. Rather, we need process pluralism, as well as different substantive commitments, to advance a society of true social justice and peace, with appreciation, empathy and sympathy for human differences and more varied modes of working and living together. In the fourth section of this essay the author explores whether we, as human beings, actually have the capacity (biologically and historically) to aspire to develop a social consciousness able to support a more peaceful existence. In the fifth section she explores how our modern social and legal consciousness is attempting to grapple with the tensions implicit in searches for both justice and peace at the same time. In the sixth section the author sets out some possibilities for seriously considering what it would mean to construct a nonviolence jurisprudence. Finally, in the last section the author points out some of the limits of a jurisprudence of non-violence in the face of on-going violence and evil in the world, and ask if we can maintain the hopefulness and optimism needed to effectuate a more peaceful co-existence in a world that challenges our commitments at almost every turn.
8 Unbound: Harv. J. Legal Left 79-108 (2013)
Scholarly Commons Citation
Menkel-Meadow, Carrie, "Toward a Jurisprudence of Law, Peace, Justice, and a Tilt Toward Non-Violent and Empathic Means of Human Problem Solving" (2013). Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works. 1286. | <urn:uuid:06498fee-cda8-4ac2-bc28-ce19de741fe4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub/1286/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00473-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.920386 | 443 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Architects Plan 5,000-SF Expansion of Minneapolis’ Walker Art Center
- May 21, 2015
HGA Architects and Dutch-based firm Inside Outside are planning a massive overhaul of the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis, The Architect’s Newspaper reports.
Construction work on the project began this year, on the occasion of the center’s 75th anniversary, and is scheduled for completion by Memorial Day 2017. The plan includes a new, transparent entryway, as well as a redesign of outdoor spaces. The project incorporates a 5,000-square-foot lobby, new galleries, a new-media laboratory, rooftop terraces, a museum shop and underground parking.
The Walker Art Center at 1750 Hennepin Ave. was established in 1927 and is located right across the street from the Minneapolis Sculpture Garden and the Cowles Conservatory. In 2005, Swiss architecture firm Herzog & de Meuron designed an expansion that doubled the size of the museum and added new galleries, a 385-seat theater and a restaurant.
The center is considered one of the “big five” modern art museums in the nation, alongside the Museum of Modern Art, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the Hirshhorn and the Guggenheim Museum.
Image courtesy of HGA Architects | <urn:uuid:41dff763-7f51-43bb-9e80-a00890317161> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.cpexecutive.com/post/architects-plan-100000-sf-expansion-of-minneapolis-walker-art-center/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00061-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.893469 | 270 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Regardless of whether it is for playing the most recent computer games or altering photograph and video a decent graphics card for your PC is important to guarantee there are no misfortunes in whatever you choose to do. Most standard journals accompany a low end to mid range realistic contribution that will do the trick for a large number of the day by day works we require. For those searching for that additional piece of execution then you have to consider overhauling your workstations graphics ability or buy a totally different PC inside and out.
Regarding life what to think about it?
It is not regular for a PC to permit a graphics redesign except if you bought a first in class costly model. A few instances of frameworks that offer this capacity are those generally offered as work area supplanting frameworks that accompany the capacity to overhaul a ton of highlights for example, processor slam, hard drive and graphics card partly. In the event that you are searching for better execution graphically, at that point the primary thing you should check is whether your unit permits an overhaul, on the off chance that not, at that point We are apprehensive you should buy another PC.
Picking the correct PC and graphics gadget
Available today there are 2 organizations that work in making and creating realistic processors. These are known as Nvidia and Ati. The two organizations spend significant time in offering graphics card that come through being incorporated into PC innovation or outside by means of an opening in graphics card for those with PCs. The two organizations offer advances relying upon your necessities that will fulfill your graphics needs, regardless of whether it is by means of a scratch pad or work area. To locate the correct PC with a satisfactory graphics card you will initially need to choose your explanations behind needing an improved graphics card. This is a significant inquiry to pose as different particulars should be contemplated relying upon what you plan on essentially utilizing the PC for.
PC for messing around
There is no broad general guideline when searching for a PC that can play the most recent games. On the off chance that you do some examination on the different makers out there you will discover they have scopes of workstations fit to playing very good quality games, just as offering scopes of different geforce rtx that cook explicitly for video and photograph altering and discover more here. For a machine that is committed for playing the most recent games we recommend taking a gander at the scope of workstations accessible from organizations for example, dell and door. | <urn:uuid:b57ed14c-3a55-4d00-aa82-684f1be75560> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.leipersforkvillage.com/2020/finding-the-right-laptop-with-the-best-graphics-card.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.952024 | 497 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Keeping you email contacts organized can be tough, using your email client's address book can help you stay organized.
What is an Address Book?
Remember the days when everyone used a dayplanner to store important phone numbers and contact information? Email address books are similar since they allow you to store important contact information and make it easy to manage all of your contacts. Most addresses books allow you to store more than just the contact's email address. Typically, you can store their phone number, street address, full name, and more. This gives you access to all of your contacts whenever you are at your computer.
Why use an Address Book?
Address books can be much easier to manage than other methods of keeping track of your contacts. No longer will you have to remember someone's personal information such as their email address or phone number. Most address books also allow you to set up contact lists. Contact lists are basically groups set up so you can email multiple people from your address book at once. You no longer have to type out every contact's email address.
Managing your Address Book
Here are some links you may find helpful when managing your address book. Since each email client is different, there's Knowledge Base articles for the more popular email clients.
Please check the next article on Adding an Email Signature . If you missed our previous article, please see the Configuration Options and Editing your Email Profile tutorial. For more information on this course please visit Email Features
‹Section 2: Configuration Options and Editing your Email Profile
›Section 4: Adding an Email Signature
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|1.||How to Create an Email Autoresponder in Webmail|
|2.||Configuration Options and Editing your Email Profile|
|3.||Managing your Address Book|
|4.||Adding an Email Signature|
|5.||How to Setup an Email Forwarder in cPanel & Webmail|
|6.||Email Calendars Explained| | <urn:uuid:db3025aa-6507-4172-854e-a83d6e8315b0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.inmotionhosting.com/support/edu/everything-email/email-features/managing-address-book?tsrc=rsbedu | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00184-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.902361 | 409 | 1.671875 | 2 |
A LAMENTABLE TREND
---When The Best Leave The Land
"If only the [job] market for medicine graduates were good here [Philippines]. Regretfully, many [doctors] have chosen to become nurses abroad because the pay here is no longer commensurate to what they have attained in the profession. It has become a trend. Whether I passed the board or not, my application abroad was already in motion. While it pains me to do so, I'm looking forward to going abroad and not to let the opportunity pass. Nursing jobs in the US command monthly salaries that could go into 6-digit figures in Philippine pesos."
Thus spoke Elmer Reyes Jacinto, 28, who graduated magna cum laude from Our Lady of Fatima University's College of Medicine in Valenzuela City, Bulacan province, and emerged as February's topnotcher of the medical board exams in which he scored 86.75 and topped the field of 1,825 examinees, 948 of whom passed.
This is the frontpage in today's Sunday edition of the Philippine Daily Inquirer.
For the past five years or so, because of the economic crunch, the field of Nursing has become the number 1 job for Filipinos. Majority of those studying in college are either taking up or shifting to field of Nursing. Add to these a growing number of established professionals like lawyers, teachers, engineers, and yes, doctors, frantically getting into nursing schools to go to the US or Europe to become nurses.
Our country does not suffer from a glut of physicians. Each year, an average of nearly two thousand physicians pass the medical boards. Majority leave the country amidst the glaring fact that there are still provinces that have not seen a doctor in a long, long time.
That was the story in the past. Nowadays, I think many more doctors leave after getting a Nursing degree to work as nurses abroad.
Why? Because the grass is greener abroad. Also, there is indeed a shortage of nurses in both the US and Europe. It seems most Americans and Europeans are not inclined to become nurses and couple this with the growing population of elderly individuals, there is indeed a huge nursing vacancy waiting to be filled. It is estimated that around 1000 to 2000 nurses would be needed abroad until the year 2007.
The massive migration of the professions I mentioned above is draining the country dry. These days, it is no longer hip to be patriotic and stay to help the motherland. What is hip is to be pragmatic. It is better to be pragmatic and be happily-fed than to be heroic and hungry.
Adding more injury into this lamentable trend is the apparent nonchalance of the government. It seems undisturbed as the best of its workforce leaves the land in droves never before seen in our history. I even suspect that it is proud of this development as it reads this as more dollar remittances for its coffers. The short-term benefits may indeed be appreciable but I cannot imagine how bleak the future will be soon.
I hope the next president can change all of this. My girlfriend calls me an idealistic nut for doing so.
But where does one get hope in a situation like this? | <urn:uuid:1047f883-83f1-4f87-b6da-4652320bece7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://emeritus.blogspot.com/2004/03/lamentable-trend-when-best-leave-land.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00078-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967959 | 662 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Read Time:2 Minute, 54 Second
Feb 7, 2017 – Explore Joe Robinet Bushcraft’s board “Joe Robinet Bushcraft Products”, followed by 532 people on Pinterest. See more ideas about bow saws, leather sheath, bushcraft.
Joe saw that her expression was sad and tendered but there was no bitterness or pain. v) How did Joe behave on coming back home from his shop? What did he ask his wife? (v) Mr. Thompson did not show any concern for Maggie and was ignorant; as if he does not know of the love fostering between Maggie and his wife. He also didn’t refered to the child.
Basic Pole Saw Maintenance. 1. Make sure the chain oil reservoir is filled with bar and chain oil before use. 2. Look for loose screws, nuts or bolts. 3. Scan the pole saw for damaged or worn parts before starting up. Check again when you’re done. 4. Make sure the pole saw blades cutters are sharp and the chain’s tensioned right before using.
Choosing the right kind of blade has a lot of good effects, not just to the outcome of your work but even to your miter saw. To name a few, here are what these good quality blades can do: A good quality of blade will practically make an effective cut on the wood or any substance you are cutting.
Each manufacturer recommends a specific type of lubricant so you should check the user manual but generally a good quality bar and chain lubricant can be used. These types of lubricant come with a couple of variations for use in either winter or summer. Operating in high temperatures tends to thin oil and cold temperatures makes it thicker.
· Cutter Type. Another important factor that needs to be focused if you want to gather substantial knowledge on a chainsaw chain is the type of cutter of the saw chain. Cutter type refers to the shape of the cutter used in the chain to cut through.
The character of Joe Starks in the novel “Their Eyes Were Watching God” written by Zora Neil Hurston is Janie’s second husband and an entrepreneur who is very charismatic and well off financially. However, Starks is a bit overzealous in his ambition. There isn’t a lot of communication between him and Janie, or anyone else for that …
What effect does the use of an olfactory image, after a series of auditory images, have on the reader? Now you try: Write a paragraph in which you create a scene through auditory imagery. The purpose of your paragraph is to create a calm, peaceful mood. Use one olfactory image to enhance the mood created by auditory images.
· We have included our top choices below. Husqvarna 610000023 Bar & Chain Oil, Quart. Oregon 54-059 Bar and Chain Lube, Black, 1 Gallon. Husqvarna X-Guard Premium All Season Bar & Chain Oil, 1 Gallon. Poulan Pro 952030203 Bar and Chain Oil – 1 Quart. The main reason your electric chainsaw needs oil is for performing the critical task of … | <urn:uuid:deb7b735-cf21-46fc-9d23-0f3f5b5c79d5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.saw-tool.com/what-type-of-saw-does-joe-robinet-use/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.946665 | 653 | 1.640625 | 2 |
The Road to Healing with a Raw Food Diet
"Forty years ago I began to gradually switch my standard cooked food diet to a raw food diet
to give my body the proper nutrients it desperately needed to heal of its lifelong chronic diseases.
After a lifetime of suffering I experienced profound health
benefits from the raw food diet and rapidly shed 60 lbs of extra weight effortlessly." Shirley
With the growing popularity of vegan and vegetarian lifestyles, raw foodism takes this
lifestyle to another level with growing body evidence to support the health and benefits
of eating healthily. It’s a simple way to detox, improve your skin, lose those extra pounds and feel great!
Fresh, organically grown raw foods promote optimum health and longevity! Raw food
contains the highest level of live enzymes, vitamins and minerals. Enzymes are the catalyst for the hundreds of
thousands of chemical reactions that occur throughout the body.
There is no doubt that uncooked food is much easier for
the body to digest and assimilate. When cooked food is the primary source of
nutrition the body's digestive enzymes are forced to work overtime to overcome
this loss of food enzymes. As we age production of digestive enzymes usually
diminishes in quantity and nutrition may suffer."
Dr. James Howenstine M.D.
The fastest way to restore wellness is to stop
putting into the body the things that have caused the physical problem to develop in
the first place, and then give the body the nutrients it needs to repair
and rebuild itself. The body is self-healing when the
infraction is stopped and proper nutrients provided.
The relationship between unhealthy eating and the development of disease is
undeniable. When most people get a cancer diagnosis their doctors are quick
to prescribe drugs and harsh treatments such as radiation, chemotherapy,
and surgery. All of these treatments have a harrowing effect on the body
opening it up to a whole host of other problems.
Dr. Charles Northen- "Do you know that most of us today are suffering
from certain dangerous diet deficiencies which cannot be remedied
until the depleted soils from which our foods come are brought into proper
mineral balance! The alarming fact is that foods---fruits and vegetables
and grains--now being raised on millions of acres of land that no longer
contains enough of certain needed minerals, are starving us--no matter
how much of them we eat!"
Malnutrition is the basis of all disease
Dead food is everything
we're taught to love: Bread, rice, pasta, sugar, pies, cakes, chips, soft drinks,
cheeseburgers and anything else that can be baked, boiled, broiled, and fried.
Thirty to eighty-five percent of the nutrition in foods is destroyed in cooking.
That is an average fifty percent loss! Cooked foods and
dry convenient diets have been denatured and are devoid of enzymes-
life-promoting elements. While they may maintain life they do not
promote optimum health or longevity!
"Man's body is a living organism, made of living
cells, which require living food in order to be properly nourished
and function well. When we put cooked food into our body, loaded
with contaminants, the body starts to break down. It begins in the
very young with colic, rashes, colds, earaches, upset stomachs,
swollen glands and tonsils.
As the child grows older, their may be
tooth decay, pimples, the need for eye glasses, etc. Then as we
enter adult life there is arthritis, hypoglycemia, heart attacks,
strokes, diabetes and cancers. All this and a multitude of other
diseases are unnecessary and are nothing but the result of improper
diet and lifestyle!
Today, most people accept cooked food as
the normal means of supplying the body with nutrients, not
realizing that the living cells of our bodies do not take
nourishment from the dead and artificial ingredients found in
And so, after a typical meal of cooked meat, cooked
potatoes, a cooked vegetable and a piece of cooked bread, followed
by a cooked sugar desert, their stomach is full and they think they
have satisfied the nutritional needs of their body. In reality,
they have given their body practically no nourishment. And thus
with a full stomach, they are slowly starving their body's cells."
Rev. George H. Malkmus
There are two kinds of starvation:
One starvation comes about because of no food at
all. The second and most insidious starvation is progressive
malnutrition over a period of time. The people in the third world
don't have enough volume of food. In the first world there is
plenty of "food" but it's
empty food. The food we eat produces
plenty of calories and energy but is almost completely devoid of
nutrition which is vital to our
survival. A good diet promotes good
health and prevents the onset of disease. Most human
illnesses and diseases are due to a deficiency of vital nutrients.
When you supply your body with the proper nutrients, in a form that
your body can use, it knows how to repair itself.
The case for the B 12 vitamin- In my journey into health, "
How I Achieved Optimum Health After a Lifetime of
Suffering" I explain how live raw foods played a huge role in
my health recovery. I've been a live raw fooder for 3 decades, but
I'm not a vegetarian. I eat meats that have been salt cured
(still raw) such as Prosciutto, ham or gravlax
salmon. I eat soft boiled eggs to keep the yolk uncooked, and
occasionally I drink cultured raw goat milk known as Kefir.
Although many vegan foods are said to have active B-12, few are
proving to actually raise B-12 or prevent its loss. There are a
variety of symptoms of B-12 deficiency, which is a danger for
vegans and live fooders. The initial symptoms can include low
energy, but it can eventually cause permanent nerve damage,
depression, numbness and tingling in the hands and feet,
chronic stress and nervousness, paranoia,
hyperactive reflexes, impaired memory and
"The body has the inherent ability -the vitality -not only to
heal itself and restore health, but also to ward off disease.
Illness is not caused simply by an invasion of external
agents or germs, but is a manifestation of the organism's attempt
to defend and heal itself. Prevention Is the Best Cure. Health is a
reflection of how we choose to live." TC Fry
"True good health is more than just the absence of
disease; it is a state where you enjoy all the energy, vitality and
benefits life has to offer. One of the keys to achieving good
health is to use the power of healthy foods to positively affect
how you feel, how much energy you have, and the length and quality
of your life. There is clear and definitive scientific evidence
that proper nutrition plays an important and significant role in
reducing the risk of degenerative diseases, and in providing
long-term health and longevity." - George Mateljan
Health Benefits of Animals Eating a Raw Food Diet
I've seen amazing results and health improvement in my dog
Shasta simply by switching her diet to raw food. The raw food diet strengthened her immune system dramatically. It cured her allergies and improved her resistance to flea bites.At 11 years of age her health and vitality were radiant.
Why you should go Raw Organic
Certified Organic does not just mean chemical free, it’s about the whole system; Soil,
Plants, People and the Environment. The organic movement began at the same time as industrialized agriculture.
Processed food and fast foods are depriving us of even more essential nutrients. Many scientists
believe that commercial farming, which burns out nutrients and adds poisons to the soil,
as well as shipping foods "green" to ripen
upon trucks, are major contributors to ill health.
In her book, The Dirt Cure: Growing Healthy
Kids with Food Straight from Soil, Maya Shetreat-Klein, MD, reveals the shocking contents of children’s food,
how it’s seriously harming their bodies and brains, and what we can do about it.
And she presents the first nutritional plan for getting and keeping children healthy—a
plan that any family can follow.
Many corporations continue activities harmful to our health to increase
profits at the cost of our ecosystem and food chain. They do not the public about the true extent of the problem created by
toxic substances and harmful additives in our foods nor about the environmental pollution generated from their manufacturing plants.
A movie released a few years ago, A Civil Action, depicts this lack of accountability in the corporate arena. Finally, according to
research scientist named Andreas Hartman "A class of broad spectrumantibiotics in
drinking water is causing toxicity to human
DNA!" Given these harsh challenges, one might seriously ask how can we best protect ourselves and optimize our health.
A Live-Food Approach for Children of All Ages
"We began transitioning our children to a raw food diet over a year ago as an
experiment to alleviate the symptoms of ADD my eight year old son was experiencing. I'm happy to say that the experiment was
astonishingly successful! We have been delighted at the changes in my son's behavior and capabilities, which occurred almost
immediately. His moodiness, irritability and inability to concentrate were gone. His mental processes cleared, his memory
improved and so did his performance in school.
There are many things that come up as you change your child's diet; the special
nutritional needs of children, social gatherings, disapproving relatives, school functions and sack lunches, your own self doubts,
children who don't want to try new foods, and the attitude of other family members, just to name a few.
When my son's story was
published in Living Nutrition Magazine with the title Triumph over Attention Deficient Disorder Kyle
Stoycoff's Story, I began getting
inquiries from other parents eager to change their children's diets and needing advice and guidance.
Raw Kids is my attempt to fill
this need. I hope our experience can help pave the way for those wishing to improve their children's
diets and quality of life."
Longed Lived People Have Raw Food Diets
"Dr. Alexander Leaf published the findings of his research about the oldest people in the world
in the January, 1973 edition of National Geographic Magazine. He found that the three most consistently
disease-free and long-lived
people on Earth are the Abkhazians of Russia, the Vilacabambans of Ecuador and the Hunzukuts of Pakistan.
None of these peoples suffer
from Western diseases: NO
obesity, NO cancer, NO heart disease! On the average these
people live to be over 100 years old. The men are
physically active and still fathering children at 100 years of age. The diet of all of these people consists of 70-80 percent
high-water-content foods such as raw, uncooked fruits and vegetables.
Disease proliferate only where there is not enough oxygen for
cells to be healthy. Raw foods contain an abundance of oxygen. In
cooked foods, oxygen is destroyed.
Joel Fuhrman MD -"Following a strict vegetarian diet is
not as important as eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables. A
vegetarian whose diet is mainly refined grains, cold breakfast
cereals, processed health-food-store products, vegetarian fast
foods, white rice, and pasta will be worse off than a person who
eats a little chicken or eggs, for example, but consumes a larger
amount of fruits, vegetables, and beans." Joel Fuhrman., MD, is a board-certified
family physician specializng in preventing and reversing disease
through nutritional and natural methods.
Garlic, Vinegar, Honey - Miracle Home Remedy
Top doctors have revealed that the combination of raw
organic garlic, raw organic apple cider vinegar and raw organic honey
is a wonder drug that can cure everything from cancer to arthritis. Amazing
studies from respected universities around the world prove the miracle
home remedy that costs just pennies a day to make, is a super way to fight
just about any affliction. Experts have verified that this health restoring
trio of garlic, vinegar, and honey can wipe out both common and uncommon aliments. Successes include
ache, Alzheimer's disease, arthritis, asthma, high blood pressure, haemorrhoids,
infertility and impotence, toothaches, obesity, ulcers and many other diseases
and conditions. In a study of arthritis victims, Dr. Angus Peters of
the University of Edinburgh's Arthritis Research Institute found a
daily dose of vinegar and honey reduced pains by 90 percent.
Raw Food versus the Cooked, American Diet
The Great American Rat Experiment
Excerped from the book Goldat,
by Lewis E. Cook, Jr. & Junkp Yasui
“It has been found that a group of rats were fed diet of raw
vegetables, fruits, nuts and whole grains from birth grew into
completely healthy specimens and never suffered from any disease.
They were never ill. They grew rapidly, but never became fat, mated
with enthusiasm and had healthy offspring. They were always gently
affectionate and playful and lived in perfect harmony with each
other. Upon reaching an old age, equivalent to 80 years in humans,
these rats were put to death and autopsied. At that advanced age
their organs, glands, tissues all body processes appeared to be in
perfect condition without any sign of aging or deterioration."
“A companion group of rats we fed a diet comparable to that of
the average American and included white bread, cooked foods, meats,
milk, salt, soft drinks, candies, cakes, vitamins and other
supplements, medicines for their ails, etc. During their lifetime
these rats became fat and, from the earliest age, contracted most
of the diseases of modern American society including colds, fever,
pneumonia, poor vision, cataracts, heart disease, arthritis, cancer
and many more."
“Most of this group died prematurely at early ages but during
their lifetime most of them were vicious, snarling beasts, fighting
with one another stealing one another’s food and attempting to kill
each other. They had to be kept apart to prevent total destruction
of the entire group. Their offspring were all sick and exhibited
the same general characteristics as there parents".
“As this group of rats died one by one or in epidemics or
various diseases, autopsies were performed revealing extensive
degenerative conditions in every part of their bodies. All organs,
glands and tissues were affected, as were the skin, hair, blood and
nervous system. They were all truly total physical and nervous
wrecks. The same condition existed in the few, which survived full
duration of the experiment."
“A third companion group of rats was fed the same diet as the
second group to an age equivalent to about 40 years in humans. They
displayed the same general symptoms of the second group – being
sick and vicious so that they had to be separated to prevent them
from killing each other and stealing one another food.
“At the end of this initial period all rats in this group were
placed on a strict fast, with o water to drink for a period of
several days. Then they received the natural (raw) diet o first
group of rats. This diet was alternated with periods of fast and
within one mouth behavioral pattern had changed completely so that
the now docile, affectionate, playful creatures were once again
able to live together in a harmonious society and from this point
on never suffered any illness.
“Several rates put to death and autopsied at the end of the
initial period revealing the same general deterioration as that
exhibited in the second group of rats. However, the remaining rats
lived out the full duration of the experiment, to the equivalent of
80 years in humans, and when they were topside there were no signs
of aging or deterioration or disease - just as those in the first
group. The obvious disease, degeneration and deterioration of body
parts evident in their first half of life had been completely
reversed and excellent health restored.
same principles apply to human life as there is only one TRUTH!
Thus it may be concluded that sick people may be restored to health
simply by choosing the proper diet, fasting observing the other
rules of health. There is no mystery. There is no external force
that will help – all healing being accomplished within the body in
accordance with the laws of organic life and health.”
Humans are not the only creatures on earth who can benefit from raw/living
food. A growing number of veterinarians state that
processed pet food is the main cause of illness and premature death
in the modern dog and cat. In December 1995, the British Journal of
Small Animal Practice published a paper contending that processed
pet food supresses the immune system and leads to liver, kidney,
heart and other diseases. This research, initially conducted by Dr
Tom Lonsdale, was researched further by the Australian Veterinary
Association and proven to be correct."
How Cooked is Too Cooked?
Nancy Appleton, Ph.D.
There is enough evidence to show that the more food is
cooked, the more difficult it is to digest and metabolize. The higher the temperature that food is cooked, the longer it stays in
the gut. This makes it more difficult for the food to absorb and work on a cellular level where it needs to work. When the food
cannot work at the cellular level, the cells can become deficient and/or toxic. This leads to deficiency and toxicity of the whole
body making the body less able to function optimally. All food deteriorates during commercial food processing and during storage.
Three different things happen to food that is overcooked or over-processed:
- Destruction of essential amino acids.
- Decrease in digestibility.
- Production of anti-nutritional and toxic compounds.
It is the liver's job to detoxify
toxins, but the liver can become overloaded and unable to do
its job. In the bloodstream, the undigested or partially digested
food (in the form of macromolecules) is in too large a particle to
get into the cell to function. Undigested or partially digested
food moves through the bloodstream causing havoc in the body.
When food is heated past the heat-labile point, its chemical
configuration changes. Pasteurization, deep-frying, and barbecuing
are all forms of cooking where food is heated past the heat labile
point. The body does not understand these new chemical
configurations and does not have the enzymes to digest the food easily.
The Case for RAW MILK
"For years I suffered from allergies to milk and cheese. I had to use strong willpower to never
touch cheese which are one of my favored food. It wasn't till 2016 at age 68 that I realized that
I was actually only allergic to pasteurized milk and cheese. One day, I couldn't resist buying
raw Kefir and raw cream from grass fed cows. To my toal dismay, the terrible allergic reaction that
I anticipated never materialized. To the contrary, my health actually improved. Now days
I eat daily lots of raw homemade cheese.
raw cream and raw kefir" Shirley
Police raided the Rawsome Foods organic grocery store
with guns drawn in search of "raw-foods". George Hemminger
(George4Title) said the battle over organic foods is heating up
because large agricultural businesses and corporations feel
threatened by local co-ops and have hijacked the FDA and other
government regulatory agencies. "This is about control and profit,
not our health," said Aajonus Vonderplanitz, co-founder of Rawesome Foods.
The Raw Milk Group
Many diseases that exist today were rarely even heard of before the 1920's when most Americans used raw milk and when raw milk was
readily available nationwide. If all mankind used raw milk, from the days of Adam and Eve up to the early 1900's, yet they lived
long lives while enduring the harshest of weather and living conditions, it would seem to imply that raw milk is highly
beneficial to our bodies.The raw goat milk group is an Internet forum that was created to bring raw goat milk suppliers, raw milk seekers, dairy farmers, raw food
enthusiasts and those who want to learn more about the health benefits of raw goat milk all together in one convenient place.
“The raw milk underground is one of the most contentious
battlefields in the revolution to reclaim our food from
industrialization, over-processing, and corporate control. In
The Raw Milk Revolution,
David Gumpert investigates in great detail the health claims of both raw milk advocates and public health officials, as well the legal tactics being employed by
government agencies to stop the growing movement to obtain and supply raw milk. His comprehensive analysis effectively
deconstructs and illuminates the many complex issues of health, safety, and freedom that are raised by this debate.”--Sandor Ellix Katz, author of
Wild Fermentation: The Flavor, Nutrition, and Craft of Live-Culture Foods and The Revolution Will Not Be Microwaved:
Inside America's Underground Food Movements
Does pasteurized milk really do the body good?
During the 1930's,
Dr. Francis M. Pottenger conducted a 10-year study on the relative effects of
pasteurized and raw milk diets on 900 cats. One group received nothing but raw whole milk, while the other was fed nothing but
pasteurized whole milk from the same source. The raw milk group thrived, remaining healthy, active and alert throughout their
lives, but the group fed on pasteurized milk soon became listless, confused and highly vulnerable to a host of chronic degenerative
ailments normally associated with humans, including heart disease, kidney failure, thyroid dysfunction, respiratory ailments, loss of
teeth, brittle bones, liver inflammation, etc. But what caught Dr. Pottenger's attention most was what happened to the second and
Enzymes in Raw Food - The Spark of Life!
Dr. Cichoke shows how every life process depends on enzymes. He covers a broad range
of subjects starting with digestion, elimination, co-enzymes, how
to obtain more enzymes in your diet and through supplementation. He
has a 5-step program of do's and don'ts, including avoidance of
aluminum cookware, refined sugars and salt, coffee, and so on. He
also tells you how and what to eat and how to prepare foods for the
best utilization of enzymes.
Dr. Cichoke addresses a large range of health problems
from extending life to AIDS and cancer. He also covers medications
that affect enzymes, including OTC drugs and prescription drugs, as
well as foods that contain enzyme inhibitors. Enzymes--living
substances that regulate health--work with certain minerals in our
bodies to form an antioxidant system that fights corrosive free
radicals. Dr. Cichoke explains how to make the most of this amazing
natural partnership to speed recovery from injury and lessen the
effects of back pain, multiple sclerosis, viruses, and fatigue.
Enzymes are proteins that facilitate chemical reactions in
living organisms. They are required for every single chemical
action that takes place in your body. All of your tissues, muscles,
bones, organs and cells are run by enzymes. Your digestive system,
immune system, bloodstream, liver, kidneys, spleen and pancreas, as
well as your ability to see, think, feel and breathe, all depend on
enzymes. Systemic enzymes, sometimes called metabolic or proteolytic
enzymes, are produced by the pancreas to repair the body ... to
build and restore tissues. In fact, they are a
necessary component of all other functions in the body besides
digestion, and your body is unable to produce enough of them
because we eat cooked foods.
Enzymes are delicate dynamos. Delicate because they are destroyed by temperatures over 118 degrees (some by as little as
105 degrees), which means that they may not survive even light steaming. Dynamos because they are powerful biochemical catalysts;
they speed burning or building reactions in the body according to need. They are specialized proteins, often with long complicated
names ending in -ase.
Professor Jackson of the Department of Anatomy at the University
of Minnesota, has shown that rats fed for 135 days on an 80% cooked
food diet resulted in an increased pancreatic weight of 20 to 30%.
What this means is that the pancreas is forced to work harder with
a cooked food diet. "Although the body can manufacture enzymes, the
more you use your enzyme potential, the faster it is going to run
out..." wrote Dr. Edward Howell, who pioneered research in the
benefits of food enzymes. A youth of 18 may produce amylase levels
30times greater than those of an 85 year old person.
The best enzymes that I have ever taken are the
from the Whole Wellness Club. (The "WITHIN" are to be take *with foods* and the "WITHOUT" are to be taken *without
food", on an empty stomach. After 4 weeks of taking the the WITHOUT Peak Enzymes also known as SYSTEMIC ENZYMES, my energy level
increased dramatically and the dry, leathery skin and deep cracks at the bottom of my feet completely healed into a solft, pink,
Edward Howell, M.D. - "Enzymes are the catalyst for the hundreds of thousands of chemical
reactions that occur throughout the body; they are essential for the digestion and absoption of foods as well as for the production
of cellular energy. Enzymes are essential for most of the building and rebuilding that goes on constantly in our bodies. Among the
many thousands of species of creatures living on this earth, only humans and some of their domesticated animals try to live without
enzymes. And only these transgressors of nature’s law are penalized with defective health.
It is not surprising that dogs (and cats)
have many human diseases since they are given only canned or packaged, heat treated, enzyme free food."
Howell MD is the author of Enzyme Nutrition.
passes through the digestive tract more slowly than raw food, tends
to ferment, and throws poisons back into the body. Colon cancer is
second only to lung cancer as a killer in America and is related,
in various ways, to eating enzyme-deficient cooked food. Prolonged
intestinal toxemia may manifest the following symptoms: Fatigue,
nervousness, gasto-intestinal discomfort, recurrent infections,
skin eruptions, hormonal disturbances, headaches, arthritis,
sciatica, low back pain, allergies, asthma, eye, ear, nose and
throat disorders, cardiac irregularities, pathological changes in
the breasts, and so forth.
All of these conditions have been shown
to respond to therapy directed to correcting the bowel toxemia. Of
course, it is important to have fiber in the diet to scrub the
colon walls clean, but even more important are the enzymes which
will allow proper digestion and assimilation of vital nutrients.
Cooked food often passes into the bloodstream as unsplit molecules
that are deposited, as waste, in various parts of the body.
is a fat molecule we know it as cholesterol plaque; if calcium,
arthritis; if sugar, diabetes. White blood cell count rises
dramatically after ingesting a meal of canned or cooked foods
("digestive leukocytosis"). Elevated WBCs are correlated to
bacterial infection, inflammation and depressed immunity. Raw
foods do not produce this reaction. All raw foods contain exactly
the right enzymes required to split every last molecule into the
basic building blocks of metabolism: Amino acids (from protein),
glucose (from complex carbohydrates) and essential fatty acids
(from unsaturated vegetable fats).
Each of us receives a supply of enzymes at birth. The supply is
NOT limitless; it must supply the organism with life sustaining
enzymes for the duration of its existence. When the enzyme supply
is exhausted, it signals the breakdown of the organism (the dog).
Enzymes are needed to run all body systems. Metabolic enzymes are used by the heart, lungs, kidneys, immune system, and for brain
functions; digestive enzymes convert protein, carbohydrates and fat
into fuel to maintain the organism.
Over taxing the body to supply
digestive enzymes can reduce the supply of metabolic enzymes.
Eventually, the body becomes enzyme-deficient making it vulnerable
to disease. Not suprisingly, glands and major organs suffer most
from enzyme deficiency. How can one prevent the body from depelting
its own supply of enzymes? Nature solved the problem for us by
providing those enzymes in RAW FOODS. Food enzymes begin the
process of digestion in the stomach. If there are no food enzymes,
the body must produce additional digestive enzymes resulting in
fewer metabolic enzymes.
"Everyone has a doctor in him or her; we just have to help it in its work.
The natural healing force within each one of us is the greatest force
in getting well. Our food should be our medicine. Our medicine should be our food. But to eat when you are sick, is to feed your
sickness." Hippocrates, Greek physician (460 BC - 377 BC)
Fresh Raw Juicing for Health
"We have found that many digestive systems are not functioning
well and the sicker the person, the more difficult it is to digest and assimilate
the nutrients in raw vegetables, because they contain the pulp or fiber. But with the pulp or fiber removed, the
nutrients can pass directly into the blood stream and within minutes are feeding the cells and restoring the immune system.
changed from a meat-centered, cooked and processed food diet with plenty of sugar desserts, to an all-raw diet with lots of carrot
juice. I stayed on this total raw diet for approximately one year. I didn't eat any cooked food during that year ... just raw fruits,
raw vegetables and one to two quarts a day of freshly extracted, raw carrot juice.
The results were spectacular! Almost immediately I started to get well! In less than one year, my tumor had totally disappeared.
It simply got smaller and smaller until it was gone. But that was not all. In less than one year, every physical problem I had been
experiencing also disappeared! Such physical problems as hemorrhoids, hypoglycemia, severe allergies and sinus problems,
high blood pressure, fatigue, pimples, colds, flu ... even body odor and dandruff were gone! Totally healed!
In the years that have
followed - and I am over 60 years old at this writing - I have not experienced as much as a cold, sore throat, upset stomach, been to
a doctor or taken as much as an aspirin. It is so thrilling, at my age, to still be able to play football, basketball and softball
with the boys, jog five miles with ease, and have more energy, endurance and stamina than I had when I was 20 years old." Rev. George Malkmus
Juice Fasting and Detoxification
by Steve Meyerowitz
The human body has an incredible capacity for healing and longevity. Within it is an innate intelligence more powerful than
any drugs or a surgeon's knife. Fasting gives your body a well deserved vacation
and the potential to repair itself. The power
that made the body can heal the body. Fasting and juice therapy revamp your health from the inside out. This book shows you how to
tap that power and how to fit it into a busy lifestyle. It's easier than you think. Even just one fast day per week provides 50
rejuvenating days per year. Give your cells and yourselves the opportunity to cleanse, nourish, rejuvenate and heal. Fasting helps
increase energy and improve mental alertness; Heal chronic ailments without drugs; lose weight without the hassle of diets; maintain
stamina with absolutely no hunger. Fast at home or at work
---it's perfect for a busy lifestyle and all the while enjoy dozens of
quick and delicious juice recipes.
Overcoming lifelong chronic illnesses and dramatic weight loss with natural/raw/living food diet
By the author of this web site - Shirley
"...The Naturopathic doctor gave me a homeopathic remedy and made me switch my diet from the SAD (Standard American Diet) to
eating mostly RAW organically grown fruits, nuts and vegetables; I eliminated meat and dairy products and cut down drastically the
starchy stuff like grains, pasta, and breads.
In 6 weeks, the lumps were completely gone. In 12 weeks I had lost 60 pounds effortlessly and my energy level and stamina
improved dramatically. My overall resistance to infections became excellent and I'm proud to say that in the past 14 years I have not
had a cold, flu, ear, throat or breast infections or any other infections. Raw food and homeopathy also strengthened my weak back
and I have not suffered from back pains since. My eczema condition
improved dramatically after an initial aggravation which lasted
several months, but was completely cured.
I'm not a vegetarian. Strict vegan diets often lead to health
improvements in the short-term but in the long-term they are
often disastrous.*Beware of long term strict vegan
diet. When I eat animal products, I try to always eat it in a
raw form: smoked or salt-cured meats or fishes, raw or soft egg
yolks, and raw butter and cheese made from unpasteurized cow or
goat milk from organic farms. Why I leave the highly refined, rapidly absorbable carbohydrates alone;
cane and beet sugar in all forms and guises, all cereal flours which means breads, pies, cakes, spaghetti, macaroni, etc., all
refined cereal products such as cold and hot breakfast cereals, the quickly absorbable carbohydrate vegetables, potatoes, corn, and
rice, and all sweet soft drinks.) I never microwave anything and I never use the following in my diet:
sugar-free products, canola oil, and soy
EXAMPLE OF ALL-RAW PRIMITIVE DIET, WITH ANIMAL PRODUCTS
An Interview with Aajonus Vonderplanitz
I continued eating raw meat once or twice
weekly, and my health gradually increased. Whenever I experienced
detoxification, healing was always a progress toward better
functionality. I did not deteriorate as most people do on cooked
foods or meatless raw foods. I knew I was on the right track by
eating raw meat, but I could not set aside the bacteria and
parasite phobias. I was especially concerned because the vagus
nerve to my stomach had been severed in surgery for stomach cancer.
I had no hydrochloric acid to dissolve and annihilate bacteria and
parasites upon entering my body. Science and medicine put me in the
category of octogenarians who they say, are in danger of death from
bacterial and parasitic invasion from lack of hydrochloric acid in
the stomach. I continued to eat meat anyway.
After I learned about the tremendous
properties of raw fats my successes reached 60%. After I learned
about the fantastic healing characteristics of eating raw meat, my
successes with disease rose to 75%. After I learned the techniques
for amounts and particulars that certain foods had, my successes
reached 85% and better, depending upon the disease.
eat uncooked food," you might ask. Well, a better question to ask
yourself is, "Why eat cooked food?" The truth is that there are a
great number of of reasons to eat fresh, raw foods. There is
growing evidence that raw foods are much easier for our bodies to
digest and assimilate. As we cook or otherwise process fresh raw
foods, nutrients are altered and damaged, making it harder for our
bodies to optimally use the food we consume. Gradually changing to
a diet rich in raw foods, including raw animal foods, can
facilitate very positive and lasting health benefits.
Aajonus Vonderplanitz is the author of amarvelous book '
We Want to Live
Dr. Jerry Tennant, MD
- "Themarine phytoplankton are Nature's gift to assist us on our journey to optimal health and wellness through balanced
nutrition.. While transient sub-optimal nutrition may be forgiven, a constant
diet lacking in micronutrients will adversely affect every function, structure,
and detoxification functions of the human cell. Good nutrition will enhance
and function of all organs in our bodies. Our brains, muscles,
hearts, arteries, joints, bones, skin, hair, hormones, immune system, vision,
digestion, kidneys, liver will carry out their jobs much better.
our lipids, and sugars can be optimized, thus providing more overall energy,
minimize weight problems, and improve sleep. These
nutrients improve mental function, and memory. They reduce depression,
harmful effects of stress, and mood swings." Dr. Tennant says that
the deep sea marine phytoplankton contains almost everything one needs to sustain life
and to restore health by providing the raw materials to make new cells that function normally. Marine phytoplankton has been called "the most nutritionally dense foods on the planet", containing
a wide range of trace elements, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, chlorophyll,
enzymes and cellular materials, in a raw juice form which is absorbed on a cellular level to promote and maintain
optimum health. Its antioxidants and unique polysaccharides can halt the
genetic mutations that can lead to cancer. Both high levels of saccharides
and adaptogens increase energy and stamina by improving our ability to
consume and use oxygen. Adaptogens also improve cardiovascular health by
strengthening the heart and circulation. | <urn:uuid:47aa4ec3-91b1-4896-ba3f-c610530140fd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.shirleys-wellness-cafe.com/NaturalFood/RawFood | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00041-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944802 | 8,207 | 1.796875 | 2 |
The New South Wales Government has been asked to guarantee women's refuges in Sydney will not be forced to close, as it introduces a massive shake-up in the way funding is provided to homeless services.
Instead of direct funding being provided to small organisations, they will now be required to tender for services and compete with bigger agencies.
Lobby group SOS has said millions of dollars are being reallocated from inner-city services to those in regional areas, and service providers have warned that around 20 women's refuges are winding up operations.
The successful tenders will be announced soon, but Family and Community Services Minister Gabrielle Upton said final decisions were yet to be made.
"There is no decision or announcement at this point about who is being funded and not funded," she said.
"But really, those involved in homelessness services across the state - and the Government, who needs to act in the interests of the whole of New South Wales - have come to the view that we need to put resources where the needs are and there are needs outside inner-city areas of Sydney."
The Opposition's spokeswoman for the status of women, Sophie Cotsis, says the Government must provide assurances that the refuges will not close.
"Already we've heard that women are being turned away, that evictions are imminent," she said.
"It creates uncertainty for the professional staff. And of course for those women who are at risk of homelessness in Sydney, it will no longer happen.
"This is a time where we need additional funding for those services. And they are vital services. They've saved thousands of lives over the last 40 years and we've really got to fight for those specialist services for women."
Ms Upton says she understands that the uncertainty has been difficult.
"The decisions will be made. Providers were all communicated personally with this week," she said.
"I ask them to be patient, to continue doing the very important work they do in the community. When we're able to communicate the outcomes, we will." | <urn:uuid:4132bfd3-41a5-48f2-adb4-97028cd86ee9> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://mobile.abc.net.au/news/2014-05-24/fears-funding-shake-up-may-force-closure-of-womens-refuges/5475670?pfm=sm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719155.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00333-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.98114 | 421 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Did you know that a bit of investment in your leisure time can help you become more successful?
For instance, watching educational videos on YouTube can increase your knowledge on various topics. Similarly, playing Esports games on the website of the leading online casino in Thailand Mybet88 can be a lucrative free time activity.
If you’re wondering what other productive activities you can engage in during your free time, here are five fun things that will add some life to your leisure time.
1. Learn a New Hobby
Engaging in something that interests you is a great way to kill boredom. Finding a new hobby can also be a stress-relieving activity.
The best news is that getting started on a new hobby in today’s digital age is easy. For instance, if you’re interested in learning how to bake, you can find helpful baking videos, blogs, and other resources online.
Other hobbies that you can learn online include cooking, blogging, embroidery, gardening, drawing, cocktail mixing, and playing an instrument. Alternatively, if you prefer the old school way, you can join a class to learn your favorite hobby.
Remember, when choosing a hobby, go for something that you enjoy doing and improve on it. You never know, your hobby may end up being a side hustle or a great way to meet new people.
2. Go For a Walk
Rather than sitting at home watching TV, you can use your spare time to go for a jog or a walk.
Walking is a healthy way to spend your free time. Going for a walk also allows you to enjoy the outdoors.
Research has also shown that simple exercises like walking and jogging can keep your mind relaxed.
3. Listen To a Podcast
Podcasts provide an alternative form of entertainment to visual media. Listening to a podcast is also a free-hand activity, meaning you can engage in it when you’re stuck in traffic or doing your daily walk.
Podcasts are also available on different topics, making them more entertaining than listening to your music library.
Moreover, podcasts are also free, meaning as long as you have access to the internet and a smartphone, you’re good to go. Some smartphones, such as Android phones, have a free inbuilt podcast app that you can use to stream or download your favorite podcasts.
4. Play Some Brain Games
Playing fun memory games such as Sudoku, crossword puzzles, scrabble, brain school, monopoly, luminosity, Sagrada, and jigsaw puzzles will improve your memory and attention skills. Most of these games engage your brain, enhancing the functionality of your mind.
If you like the idea of making some money when playing brain games, consider joining an online casino and enjoy playing games that help keep your mind sharp. The good thing about an online casino is that it will provide you with the thrill of a live casino all at the comfort of your home. Besides, you get to chat and play with players from all over the globe.
Volunteering is a wonderful way to share your time and skills with others. Volunteering also allows you to meet new people and learn a few important life lessons.
Whether you choose to volunteer at your nearest animal rescue center, visit a senior center, serve food at a soup kitchen, or mentor a teen, your skills will go a long way in improving the lives of the people around you. Besides, you’ll end up feeling happier, and the free time spent volunteering can also propel your career to the next level.
If you’re tempted to spend your free time doing nothing, remember that engaging in more productive activities is more beneficial. Try out one or two of the above fun activities and make your leisure time more productive. | <urn:uuid:772d7dcb-4192-4827-bbd1-9d0987679342> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://letterracer.com/have-the-most-fun-in-your-free-time/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.942136 | 781 | 1.90625 | 2 |
John Freeman Hayes, architect, cartoonist, painter and musician, passed away on April 9th, 2019 at the age of 92, after what can only be considered a full and rewarding life. He is survived by his brother, James Hayes, his three children, John Fox Hayes, Tom Freeman Hayes and Nancy Clarke Hayes as well as seven grandchildren, Rachel Fox (Hayes) Abrams, Megan Clarke Hayes, Clark Freeman Hayes, Sarah Fox (Hayes) Hood, Louis Samuel Hayes, Adrian John Gravel and James Hayes Ferguson, and one great grandchild, Evelyn Abrams.
He is preceded in death by his wife of 64 years, Anne Fox Hayes, and his sister Katherine Hayes Porter.
John was born on June 16, 1926 in Media, PA to James Alfred Hayes Jr. of Philadelphia, and Katherine Stoddard Williams of Glastonbury, CT. John grew up in Wallingford, PA. He graduated from Haverford Preparatory School, then enlisted in the Navy V-12 program where he attended Swarthmore College. After receiving an honorary discharge from the Navy, he attended the University of Pennsylvania on the GI Bill where he received a Bachelor of Architecture in 1950. During the Korean war he was an Air Force Lieutenant serving as an Air Intelligence Specialist based in Washington D.C.
Anne Gitt Fox and John Hayes were married on April 5th, 1952 and lived in Radnor, PA for over 57 years. In 1960, he partnered with Charlie Hough and formed Hayes and Hough Architects, where he practiced for 35 years. In 1995, John and Charlie closed their practice and John joined his son at Blackney Hayes Architects and continued to practice another 17 years before retiring at the age of 85.
John was recognized by his peers as an outstanding architect and member of the community. He was President of the Philadelphia Chapter of the AIA in 1978 and elected to Fellow of the AIA in 1980. He was also a Foundation for Architecture Fellow and Vice Chair from 1985 - 1991 and President of the Carpenters’ Company from 1993-1994.
Outside of his work, John devoted himself to his family and his interests. He was a founding member of the Philadelphia Curling Club, Deacon at St. Martin’s Church in Radnor, and was on the Board of Directors of the Martin’s Dam Club for 20 years.
John will be remembered by all that knew him as a funny story teller, and as a man who lived to learn and discover new things. From tennis and sailing to painting, drawing and sculpting, as well as playing several musical instruments (piano, accordion, banjo, and guitar), he took his hobbies seriously and enjoyed all they had to teach him. His constant creativity kept him engaged, enhancing his own life as well as all those around him.« Previous Next » | <urn:uuid:ca421b64-2770-4e03-9e6f-47c3380b9dbd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.blackneyhayes.com/index.php/news/john-freeman-hayes-faia | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.989334 | 582 | 1.570313 | 2 |
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In this math learning exercise, students write ten numbers into words. The numbers go up to one hundred thousand. The learning exercise includes plenty of room for students to write their answers.
4 Views 2 Downloads | <urn:uuid:aca6b2c0-9ec9-4bdc-b419-39074008fff9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.lessonplanet.com/teachers/writing-numbers-to-one-hundred-thousand-o | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00255-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.905844 | 87 | 3.8125 | 4 |
Find Your Way
a. Coroado Project
Geomatic in association with other 12 partners undertook the Coroado Project. The overall Objective of the project is to assess the potential of various water recycling and reuse technologies for Latin America, quantify the actual needs, benefits and costs of those technologies, evaluate their social acceptance, and provide affordable, efficient and effective solutions for water supply and sanitation in rural and agricultural areas in the context of climate change and water scarcity mitigation. Emphasis was given to address the complexity between technological options and societal needs, through applying an ecosystem approach in Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) frameworks and building a methodology embedding a knowledge base and a toolbox for enhancing the capacity for adaptive governance and management in the area. This approach may lead in presenting technology developments that integrate engineering, physical, and ecological sciences, while at the same time integrating the water reuse and recycling infrastructure. In this context, such issues will be compiled into a web based toolbox that will show-case best practice and models that can be applied in a variety of environmental and socio-economic conditions within the Latin American region.
b. Digital Tourist Guide
Geomatic in cooperation with IMH and the University of Cyprus have taken over the development of a digital satellite tourist guide, which will use a personal GPS navigator of interactive tour / browser.
The development of digital tourist guide is part of the “Framework of Programmes for Research, Technological Development and Innovation 2009-2010” of the Research Promotion Foundation and is sponsored by the Republic of Cyprus and the European Regional Development Fund of the EU.
The proposed system is an innovative product for the data of Cyprus, since via high-tech services it enables the visitors of the country to come into contact with the cultural, historical and religious culture of Cyprus and to get to know areas of tourist interest.
c. Ministry of Commerce Industry & Tourism – Reseach Promotion Foundation
Within the utilization framework of energy crops in Cyprus from the Energy Service of the Ministry of Commerce Industry and Tourism, Geomatic has undertaken in cooperation with “RTD Talos Ltd” and “NPRO Engineering” «the investigation of Resources Utilization of energy crops with the use of Geographical Information Systems – (G.I.S.) in the framework of the Research Promotion Foundation (R.P.F) for Research and Technological Development»
The following were provided and developed for the project:
• The prompt areas for cultivation of energy crops.
• The national urban and provincial network of Nicosia District
• The Urban Road Network (addresses) Nicosia
• Points of general interest
• Hydrographical network.
• Administrative division: province – cities – communities
Geomatic has undertaken in cooperation with University of Cyprus and the Computer Science Dept «the investigation of suburban areas and the actions should take place if a fire is detected with the use of Geographical Information Systems – (G.I.S.) in the framework of the Research Promotion Foundation (R.P.F) for Research and Technological Development».
e. ASG Group RTD Talos – Research Promotion Foundation
In collaboration with the group of companies ASG GROUP (Andy Spyrou Group) and the Development Organisation RTD TALOS, T.C. Geomatic Ltd has undertaken
«The development of a software and the integration of Geomatic’s digital map database of Nicosia district, for the implementation of the “Public services programme Park & Ride” model, under the Research Promotion Foundation (R.P.F) program for Research and Technological Development».
f. Definition of the Potential Energy Crops in Cyprus - Research Promotion Foundation
As part of the research proposal a comprehensive investigation of potential promotion and utilization of energy crops in Cyprus for biofuel production was conducted.
Through the use of advanced GIS applications, and the integration of data such as the existing land use, the altitude and the slope of the surface, the water potential and the soil quality, as well as the crop rotation and fallow, the areas in Cyprus that under conditions could be used for growing energy crops were quantified and geographically identified. | <urn:uuid:8ada3756-8d13-4976-9643-b78d31372821> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://geomatic.com/projects/research/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.896906 | 871 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Lerato Radebe & Other v Principal of Leseding Technical School & Others
Represented by EELC and supported by EE, Lerato Radebe, a grade 8 learner in the Free State, filed an urgent High Court application to ensure her return to Leseding Technical School. This was as a result of repeated instances of discrimination experienced by Lerato, who is a Rastafarian and has dreadlocks because of her faith.
On 15 April 2013, Lehlohonolo Radebe contacted the EELC, requesting urgent intervention on behalf of his daughter, Lerato. From the beginning of the school year, Lerato was repeatedly removed from class and humiliated by the principal, being forced to remain in the school staff room and miss all her classes. These frequent exclusions amounted to a violation of section 9(3) of the Constitution, prohibiting unfair discrimination on the basis of religion, conscience, ethnicity, belief or culture.
In the urgent application, attention was drawn to the Free State Department of Education’s failure to intervene to ensure Lerato’s return to school. The EELC argued that this conduct was both unconstitutional and invalid. Judge Phalatsi agreed and found in favour of Lerato, ordering that Lerato be readmitted and that, within five days, a remedial lesson plan for her be drafted.
View the relevant court documents below: | <urn:uuid:ae8437d2-fa5a-4d1e-8ad5-ca6807987f17> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eelawcentre.org.za/portfolio-posts/equality-freedom-of-religion-in-schools/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.953546 | 288 | 1.75 | 2 |
Help the Interviewer Help you – Have a differentiator
“We are all, individuals”, “Yes, we are all individuals”
(Remember the film – The Life of Brian?)
Pity the poor interviewer – you only have to deal with one interview; they may have dozens.
Interviews are not the sort of assignments that managers seek out;they are a must to avoid. One of the biggest difficulties they have is the clone syndrome. After a few interviews all the applicants start to look and sound the same. After they all claim to have “excellent communications skills” and they all “love a challenge” etc. No wonder the interviewer loses the will to live and winds up confused.
Help the interviewer help you by having something relevant to the job that they can remember you by; a language skill, experience in another industry or organisation – even a professional passion – but something specific. One person I coached said that he loved his job of making meaningful business plans out of abstract or even woolly strategic statement. “Don’t you love it?” he said “when a plan just works.”
Give that man a job, I say, I want him on my team.
I am a Career Coach and Trainer. I specialise in Career Development, Personality Testing, Effective Communication Skills, and Interview Preparation.
My job is to help you find the right career fit for your aspirations, talents and skills. | <urn:uuid:3e4a8b61-2e92-427b-a1d5-4fccfbd11c85> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.brianmcivor.com/help-the-interviewer-help-you-have-a-differentiator/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.956062 | 306 | 1.507813 | 2 |
In a review of the literature of the serotonin toxidrome, the authors elegantly critiqued the diagnostic criteria and reviewed the mechanism and pathophysiology of toxicity. Of the seven serotonin receptors, which two receptors does excess serotonin act on to cause toxicity?
It is likely no single receptor is responsible for serotonin toxicity, but 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A have been implicated to cause serotonin toxicity. Agonism at the 5-HT1A receptors likely causes mild symptoms like anxiety and hyperactivity, because they have greater affinity for serotonin. The 5-HT2A receptors, with lower affinity for serotonin, become occupied when higher concentrations of serotonin exist in the synapse, which mediates severe serotonin toxicity.
Chiew AL, Buckley NA. The serotonin toxidrome: shortfalls of current diagnostic criteria for related syndromes. Clinical Toxicology, 2022;60(2):143-158.
Contributed by: Kirk Cumpston, DO FAACT on behalf of The Medical Toxicology Fellowship, Virginia Commonwealth University | <urn:uuid:61c5a94a-3c1c-4e3a-a5a5-d73a9b20dce8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.clintox.org/question-of-the-day/question-of-the-day-thursday-march-17-2022 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.874268 | 213 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Item description for What's the Deal With...?: 500 Questions Today's Students Are Asking about the Biggest Issues in Life (Quick Questions) by Brian Schulenburg...
Overview What?s The Deal with . . . ? gives youth workers an invaluable tool for opening up conversation with students about today?s biggest theological questions.
Publishers Description It was a sixteen-year-old named Charlie who first started asking Brian Schulenburg the tough questions about faith, God, and life. And since then, Brian meets every other week with dozens of students who are asking the same questions. While he doesn t have all the answers, he s found that just letting the students ask the questions and wrestle through them together, life change is happening. Here you ll find 500 of those tough questions, perfect for you to use with your own students. You ll get them thinking and talking about the things that probably confuse and bewilder them. Questions like: * What s the deal with the Bible? How do we know that we can trust it? * What s the deal with heaven? Will there be sex in heaven? * What s the deal with sin? Are some sins worse than others? * What s the deal with dinosaurs? Were there dinosaurs on the ark? * What s the deal with tragedy? Why would God let a baby die? There may not always be a right answer, but there will be great discussions that lead to life change. If you re looking for a way to get your students talking and thinking about some of the deeper issues of faith and life, What s the Deal With is the perfect book to keep on hand."
Promise Angels is dedicated to bringing you great books at great prices. Whether you read for entertainment, to learn, or for literacy - you will find what you want at promiseangels.com!
Studio: Zondervan/Youth Specialties
Est. Packaging Dimensions: Length: 7.57" Width: 5.58" Height: 0.39" Weight: 0.3 lbs.
Release Date Jan 1, 2008
Publisher Zondervan Publishing
Series Quick Questions
ISBN 0310273641 ISBN13 9780310273646 UPC 025986273644
Availability 0 units.
More About Brian Schulenburg
Brian Schulenburg is a youth ministry veteran who has served churches in Virginia, Illinois, and Minnesota. He now serves as the Senior Pastor at Woodbury Community Church in Woodbury, Minnesota. Brian is the author of two other books in the Youth Specialties Quick Questions series, and he speaks at churches, schools, and conferences all over the United States. Married to his best friend, Cyndi, since 1991, Brian and his wife have four wonderful children: Breanna, Christopher, Jeremy, and Zachary.
Reviews - What do customers think about What's The Deal With...??
Questions for Youth Apr 3, 2009
This is a definite must have for every youth pastor & everyone that works with youth. It is a book of questions for youth to better understand what they believe and why. You can see a much more in-depth video review i did through expotv at: http://www.expotv.com/videos/reviews/4/55/What27stheDealWith3F3A500QuestionsToday/293652 | <urn:uuid:9ad1b6d9-6f83-4ae2-9aa9-ab75795bb94a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.promiseangels.com/schulenburg-brian/whats-the-deal-with/SKU/67029 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00087-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934134 | 691 | 1.96875 | 2 |
The University of Wisconsin has finally acknowledged its constitutional obligation to uphold the religious liberty of its students. Last December, the University of Wisconsin Board of Regents passed a new policy
binding on all institutions within the University of Wisconsin System that allows religious student groups to choose their members based on their beliefs. That decision comes on the heels of a lawsuit
filed by the Alliance Defense Fund on behalf of InterVarsity Christian Fellowship at the University of Wisconsin–Superior. The new policy states:
Student organizations that select their members or officers on the basis of commitment to a set of beliefs (e.g. religious or political beliefs) may limit membership, officers positions, or participation in the organization to students who affirm that they support the organization’s goals and agree with its beliefs, so long as no student is excluded from membership, officer positions, or participation on the basis of his or her race, color, creed other than commitment to the beliefs of the organization, religion, national origin, disability, ancestry, age, sexual orientation, pregnancy, marital status or parental status, or, unless exempt under Title IX, sex.
The policy is a good change, but rather confusing. The policy does allow religious groups to make belief-based choices, but then goes on to include religion as a criterion on the basis of which organizations cannot discriminate. What is religion but a set of beliefs? If a religious organization excludes people from membership on the basis of their beliefs, will they get into trouble for discriminating on the basis of religion? Is religious discrimination the only prohibited belief-based discrimination? Or is there some other explanation? It simply isn’t clear. A good anti-discrimination policy would demonstrate unambiguous support for the right to make belief-based membership choices, a right inherent in the freedom of association. Nonetheless, this policy is a big step in the right direction.
As FIRE reported
last September, the debacle at the University of Wisconsin began when the University of Wisconsin–Madison de-funded the University of Wisconsin Roman Catholic Foundation on the grounds that a public institution funding a religious organization violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. The Knights of Columbus, a Catholic service organization, was also denied recognition on the same grounds, and the University of Wisconsin–Superior denied recognition to InterVarsity Christian Fellowship on charges of religious discrimination.
On August 4, the Alliance Defense Fund wrote a letter
to the University of Wisconsin demanding that the University respect students’ religious liberty and allow them to establish organizations for the purpose of spreading their religious message. The University responded by saying that they would not only deny recognition and funding to the previously mentioned groups, but they would also consider de-recognizing an additional half-dozen or more religious organizations.
The Roman Catholic Foundation filed a grievance with the Department of Justice against the University of Wisconsin, at which point the University announced that it would continue to deny recognition to the student organization until the campus Christian organizations opened membership to all students, regardless of belief. The Christian Legal Society and Calvary Chapel also lost their student organization status.
The University of Wisconsin refused student group status and funding to religious organizations for discrimination on the basis of belief, conflating the idea of belief (on the basis of which one can lawfully discriminate) with that of status (on the basis of which discrimination is unlawful). FIRE explained the distinction between status and belief as follows in its amicus brief to the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals in Christian Legal Society v. Walker:
There is a difference between making a determination on the basis of an immutable characteristic and making a choice on the basis of changeable personal beliefs and rules of conduct. For example, Muslim Malaysians would not be suitable for voting membership in the Christian Legal Society not because of their Asian heritage but because Muslims tend to be poor ambassadors for the (constitutionally protected) idea that Jesus is Lord.
The Seventh Circuit recognized the status/belief distinction in its decision, holding that Southern Illinois University’s derecognition of a Christian student group likely violated that group’s constitutional right of expressive association.
Inherent in the right to organize and assemble around certain ideas and principles is the right to exclude people who disagree with those ideas or fail to abide by those principles. A Christian group has the right to require that members adhere to Christian tenets, just as a Republican group can require its members to hold to the tenets of the Republican platform; a Christian group can require that members of its organization abide by certain sexual mores just as a vegetarian group can require that its members follow certain dietary restrictions.
Essential to the idea of freedom of conscience is the ability to hold certain beliefs, even unpopular ones, and to assemble with like-minded individuals to the exclusion of those who disagree. The Constitution makes no distinction between the rights of religious students and the rights of other ideologically based groups—freedom of conscience and freedom of assembly apply to all. The University of Wisconsin has finally made the legally and morally right decision and avoided further embarrassment and legal repercussions—although the new policy could still use some work.
University of Wisconsin – Superior | <urn:uuid:cb712b0a-dfc2-48a7-9391-24ed555fbd34> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.thefire.org/religious-liberty-finally-secure-in-the-university-of-wisconsin-system/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00338-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950551 | 1,033 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Newspaper gives self-styled grammarian a laugh
I must give a big thank-you to The Maui News for making me laugh out loud on Feb. 13. I had noted in the previous day’s issue an incomplete sentence beginning a jump to an inside page and ending with “worn by model Kate Upton, whom Cabrinha said is appearing on her second swimsuit edition cover.”
When a correction of the story was printed the next day, I naively thought it was to fix that misuse of “whom.” Unbelievably, the correction only added the dropped words and repeated the “whom” mistake. I can understand the first oversight, but to repeat an elementary school error is unbelievable.
“Who” is always the subject of the sentence, “whom” the object. In this case, “who” is the subject of the phrase “is appearing on her second,” the phrase “said is” immaterial in determining correct usage.
Earlier, The Maui News ran a story with an equally ridiculous use of “an” before a word beginning with a hard “h.” The inane talking heads on TV apparently can’t figure if they are speaking British or American English, but how does someone make another elementary school mistake in print?
The British might say “an house” because their accent drops the “h.” Thus they would pronounce the noun as “ouse,” naturally requiring “an” before a word beginning with a vowel or vowel sound.
Can it be The Maui News has axed its copy editors and has its reporters rely on spell check? | <urn:uuid:b22b691c-07ba-493e-a045-9da0483194e6> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.mauinews.com/opinion/letters-to-the-editor/2013/02/newspaper-gives-self-styled-grammarian-a-laugh/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720972.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00250-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959556 | 365 | 2.078125 | 2 |
CHICAGO — When Chicago Mayor Lori Lightfoot said during a press conference last month that the city was seeing a downward trend in violent crime, she was technically right.
Aggravated batteries, robberies and sexual assaults had declined. But Lightfoot’s critics, including many conservatives, were quick to point out that her claims brushed past numbers that were not as rosy — such as jumps in shootings and homicides.
Homicides so far this year have risen 33 percent compared to the same time period in 2019.
It’s a topic that was brought into the national spotlight over a particularly violent Fourth of July holiday weekend, in which the city reported 100 people were shot, 18 of whom died.
Nationwide, nearly 200 people were killed.
An NBC News analysis of Chicago Police Department data going back 20 years shows that overall, violent crime continued its slow decline during the pandemic. When all categories of violent crime are added together, the total declined by 46 percent over 20 years, and held steady between the first half of both 2019 and 2021.
But some of the crime categories that most worry the public have gone up. In addition to homicides, shootings have risen by 59 percent since the first half of 2019, the most recent comparable period since the pandemic began. And carjackings have nearly tripled.
Experts say those increases are because the once-in-a-generation pandemic has exacerbated economic and social problems that create the conditions for crime.
“We’ve got to recognize that the year and a half that we’ve gone through is unprecedented,” said David Olsen, a co-director for the Center for Criminal Justice Research, Policy and Practice at Loyola University Chicago.
Olsen said he was concerned about the pressure on elected officials to find a solution fast while ignoring crime’s underlying causes.
“The places where we’re seeing the highest rates of homicide and shootings are the same communities that we have over the last 30 or 40 years – primarily the communities that are most economically disadvantaged and most racially segregated,” Olsen said.
Previous crime spikes prompted officials to create specialized units or programs meant to curb violence. In the 1980s, the Chicago Police Department launched a special operations section, which would eventually be disbanded after some members were charged with robbery and kidnapping. And more recently, the violence reduction iInitiative under former Mayor Rahm Emanuel sent thousands of police officers into crime-plagued areas. Those officers were later found by WBEZ to be mostly writing parking tickets on overtime.
Chicago Police Superintendent David Brown launched two specialized units in 2020 that he says is helping curb violence. He also launched a carjacking task force.
The most recent spike in gun violence was in 2016, when 788 homicides were recorded.
The 335 homicides in the first half of this year equal the homicide count of the first half of 2016. Sexual assaults were down from recent highs in 2017, with more than 700 reported so far in 2021.
City data released in May and updated as of this week show that so far this year, 325 people 19 years or younger were shot, 46 of them fatally.
Aggravated batteries, in which someone is harmed violently, sometimes with a weapon, are down in Chicago, but the number of shootings, a subset of batteries, are up 60 percent over 2019’s count for the first half of the year. Other types of batteries such as those with weapons other than guns are down.
That is also the case with robberies, which decreased as the pandemic lockdowns forced people indoors and off the streets. But carjackings, which fall under robberies, skyrocketed, garnering national headlines as many of those crimes were carried out by teenagers.
Chicagoans are used to officials spinning numbers and choosing the rosiest statistics, critics say, but it’s harder to minimize the victims of gun violence.
During his press conference last week ahead of the holiday weekend, Brown said crime was down, and cited a number of year-over-year statistics.
But he was comparing current crime numbers to those in June 2020, which were at historical highs in the wake of the unrest that followed George Floyd’s killing. Like Chicago, several other cities across the U.S. experienced increased gun violence during that time.
The following day, Brown faced scrutiny from City Council members who called an emergency meeting to demand clarity on what his plan was to curb violence for the July 4 holiday weekend. The meeting, decried by Lightfoot as “political shenanigans,” lasted six hours. While aldermen grilled Brown, at least two people were shot, one fatally, according to city data.
The mayor and the police superintendent have tried to shift blame for the shootings to the courts and the state’s attorney, alleging that would-be shooters are being let off the hook. Dozens of violent incidents committed by offenders who were out on bail have contributed to a narrative that the courts are letting shooters on the streets.
“I hear a lot about what the state’s attorney is doing,” Brown said at a news conference this week, referring to the prosecutor’s office. “The courts release [violent offenders] back into the community, creating an unsafe environment for all of us. Chicago police officers are doing their job when we charge [violent offenders] with murder. That’s doing our part.”
In an interview with a Chicago television station Thursday, Timothy Evans, the chief judge of Cook County’s Circuit Court, said the mayor and the superintendent don’t appear to be well informed.
His office released figures that said that from 2017 to 2020, only 3 percent of felony defendants and 5 percent of misdemeanor defendants released pretrial go on to commit a violent crime during their release.
Evans said he’s concerned, but said that locking up every defendant before trial comes with consequences.
“That would keep 95 percent of the people in jail pretrial when they are presumed innocent,” he said, “when 3 or 5 percent of the people are violating the law.”
A Chicago Tribune investigation last year found that Evans’ office may have undercounted repeat violent offenders out on bail.
The Cook County State’s Attorney, Kim Foxx, also disagrees with Brown’s assessment, and said the pandemic has created the conditions for the upticks in crime.
“The reality is 2020 was unlike any year that any of us have seen in our lifetimes from a global pandemic,” she said. “People [were] forced into their homes, [putting] strains on mental health.”
She said that while Brown claims the police are arresting people for gun crimes, they’re not capturing the people committing the shootings. She said many people are being arrested simply for gun possession.
“That is very different than someone using a gun in the commission of an offense,” Foxx said.
The back-and-forth illustrates a key difference in the focus of the two branches of law enforcement, which centers on who is considered a violent offender. In Illinois, gun owners are required to obtain a firearm owners identification card. Additionally, residents are not allowed to have a loaded gun in a car without a concealed-carry license. Many of the arrests the police department cites when asked about its record — including statistics listed on Brown’s Twitter feed — were of individuals who violated these requirements.
Of the more than 1,100 shooting incidents in 2021, only 26 have resulted in arrests, according to Chicago Police Department data. Meanwhile, more than 2,500 have been arrested for unlawful use of a weapon. About 86 percent of those arrested for unlawful use of weapons were Black people, according to police arrest data.
“I think there’s a conflation that happens,” Foxx said. “Superintendent Brown has tried to make this point that anybody who possesses a gun [has] the potential for violence. There is no demarcation between a nonviolent gun possessor or a violent gun offender, and that simply isn’t true.”
Others say Foxx isn’t using her office to properly keep Chicago’s streets safe. Pat O’Brien, a former judge and prosecutor who unsuccessfully ran against her in the 2020 election on a law-and-order platform, said Foxx should be doing more when police arrest gun violators with prior backgrounds.
O’Brien referred to Foxx’s statistics on those arrested for gun violations last year. He said there were more than 5,700 cases that were approved for unlawful use of a weapon, alleging that many of them had prior records.
“There is a crime being committed. Now for the people that don’t have prior backgrounds, they’ve been an adult for a number of years, they seem less likely to be … a problem, but they’re still committing a crime.” | <urn:uuid:74a01e42-9c98-4700-9f69-ccfc03925941> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sldchicago.com/politics/chicagos-mayor-said-violent-crime-is-on-a-downward-trajectory-thats-not-the-whole-story/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.975734 | 1,870 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Tweeting airports is not a new thing; most registered their accounts back in 2009. Now, with tens of thousands of followers, Twitter has become key component of airport’s communication infrastructure.
“It’s as much a part of our communication network as the customer helpline, website and information desks,” says John Greenway, Head of External Communications at Manchester Airport.
More on SkiftSocial:
- Compare all airports on Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube
- 8 Best Facebook practices for destinations
- How Lonely Planet is winning the battle on social media
What are passengers and airports talking about
Passengers reach out to airports with information requests including the terminal of a specific airline, retail and restaurant locations, car parking, and weather delays.
“Twitter use at London Luton is designed to provide answers to practical questions and queries that passengers may have in relation to the Airport,” says a spokesperson from London Luton Airport.
Examples of the most common Twitter encounters between flyers and UK-based airports are below:
Airports with a personality
Outside of the usual logistical questions, airports have taken the opportunity to engage passengers on a more personal level. The best Twitter accounts don’t wait for flyers to mention them, but seek out travelers via search.
Head of Passenger Communications at Heathrow, Marc Ellams, calls it the “surprise and delight” element: “We have also shifted from being predominantly customer service/crisis focused to producing more engaging content to improve passenger experience.”
— Heathrow Airport (@HeathrowAirport) April 3, 2013
A personality can go a long way in making friends on Twitter.
Manchester’s Greenway says, “We’ve also tried to give @manairport a personality. @manairport can be dry and sometimes, but only sometimes, humourous and we hope people have liked the fact that we are not just a piece of infrastructure.”
— Manchester Airport (@manairport) April 3, 2013
Personality isn’t the only reason Manchester is currently the third most followed airport on Twitter with 58,738 followers.
The airport has a 24/7 flight board built into its Twitter stream. Passengers can DM the account with the word ‘Flight’ and their flight number to receive live updates on the status of their flights. | <urn:uuid:e9ebf8e7-b87a-4332-a896-3a067bfb5318> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://skift.com/2013/04/04/skiftsocial-what-are-flyers-talking-to-airports-about-on-twitter/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00147-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934609 | 498 | 1.742188 | 2 |
I took a long hiatus on reviewing editorials in the paper but have recently come back to read some interesting commentary on healthcare and the skyrocketing budget crisis. In case people are purposely ignoring the facts, here’s an important one for you: $16.7 trillion. This will be the accumulated debt of the United States of America in about a month. It seems so many either do not know this or choose to not care about it. People seem to grasp that the president and congress cannot come to terms on what needs to be done.
Taxes will need to go up unfortunately. Roll everything back to the Clinton era rates. Economically the 90s were some of the best in history so don’t give me the argument it will kill the economy. Second, government spending is cut, specifically to the three drivers of debt (healthcare spending, defense, and Social Security is roughly $2.4 trillion annually!). Spending in these areas has exploded over the past 10-15 years and we need to start getting back to reality that it is unsustainable. There would be a 2- or 3-year period were things would be gradually shifted so people can adapt to having less money and less benefits. All people need to do their share to help with this crisis, not just one part of the population. These would create more revenue and less government spending and get this country back on the right track to prosperity.
Submitted by Virtual Newsroom | <urn:uuid:733e7c10-6758-4cf9-9294-dd2c4fa223ba> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.sungazette.com/opinion/letters/2013/03/interesting-commentary/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721558.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00045-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970452 | 295 | 1.640625 | 2 |
With less than 5 months since the first official reporting of a Coronavirus (COVID-19) case, we have almost arrived at a global paralysis of regular education and training provision. This unprecedented situation is affecting learning at all levels but especially initial and continuing TVET, adult education and work-based learning, which have come to a stop as we know them. The situation has upturned course schedules and attendance, disrupted teaching and learning, frustrated examinations and assessments, delayed certification and will likely affect the immediate and future careers of millions of learners. But TVET and skills programs do not easily migrate to distance and online learning.
Despite these challenges, in some contexts, it is clear that the crisis also provides an opportunity for the development of more flexible learning solutions that make better use of distance learning and digital tools. However, the shift to online or distance learning in TVET and skills development during the pandemic should be seen first and foremost as an emergency response and not a rapid and permanent migration of programs. Short term solutions can be and have been found but we must seize this opportunity to create long-term positive impacts and develop greater resilience.
Mobilising human and financial resources during this crisis is fundamental to ensure universal access to digital tools and modern learning technologies in the TVET and skills sector. The training of teachers and instructors, managers and learners to ensure their readiness to engage in digital learning must be addressed, and education and training providers have to revise teaching and learning models to make the best use of digital resources and tools.
As of April 14, 2020, according to UNESCO, nearly 1.6 billion or 91.3% of school students have been affected by system closures in 188 countries. Other countries have also implemented localized closures affecting millions of additional learners. Whilst these figures may capture TVET students enrolled in secondary education systems, comprehensive international data on the impact on TVET students is not yet available. In the Latin America and Caribbean region however, we know from ILO CINTEFOR that 85% of TVET institutions are completely closed.
In the TVET and skills sector, there is evidence that the major challenge for institutions has been to remain operational, to establish and maintain communications with and between teachers and students, and to continue to provide their services to the community, despite having suspended face-to-face classes.
An additional challenge to TVET institutions trying to remain operational is that some are also supporting national crisis response measures. For example, in the Philippines and Costa Rica they are using their workshops to manufacture personal protective equipment and hand sanitizer for healthcare personnel, or to 3D print medical devices.
In addition to the closure of colleges, work-based learning is being maintained in very few countries and in sectors like finance and ICT where commercial activities continue through teleworking. This element of TVET programmes is the most affected by the pandemic, and its impact is highest in countries where it is a compulsory part of the curricula.
Despite recent advances in technology, distance learning, be it online or offline, is not a long-term substitute for face-to-face teaching and practical skills training. In low- and middle-income countries, there are many issues impeding the wider and permanent diffusion of distance learning. These involve socio-economic and cultural aspects beside the limited ICT infrastructure that contributes to the digital divide. While new solutions for teaching and learning could bring much needed innovation to education and training systems, the shifts we are seeing have the potential to exacerbate existing inequalities for those who already face disadvantages in trying to access and engage in learning.
We cannot ignore the digital divide and the uneven access to equipment, tools and skills it implies and we cannot allow the rush to go online to widen existing inequalities. We need to recognise the significant challenges that distance and online learning presents for teachers and trainers, working in institutions and systems that are underfunded and neglected compared to general and university education. If we want to ensure that the shift to distance and online learning both meets immediate learning needs and prepares us for more effective TVET and skill systems in the future, a number of key measures need to be taken now and in the months ahead. Decision makers need to:
- improve internet infrastructure and access to the internet;
- expand access for learners to online digital application and platforms;
- utilise inclusive digital and analogue technologies for distance learning and support lo learners;
- support teachers and trainers to operate in the new environment;
- provide support, career guidance and digital skills development for learners;
- increase distance and short course learning options for core, entrepreneurial and employability skills to vulnerable groups and individuals;
- strengthen systems for the recognition and validation of digital learning;
- increase investment in digital solutions for practical skills development; and
- improve social dialogue and coordination amongst education and training institutions, employment services and local authorities. | <urn:uuid:befde876-56bf-41af-9169-f54eda78d0c6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ukfiet.org/2020/tvet-and-skills-development-in-the-time-of-covid-19/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.950456 | 983 | 2.671875 | 3 |
15 May 2013 United Nations aid agencies are working with the Governments of Bangladesh and Myanmar to prepare for Tropical Cyclone Mahasen, which is expected to make landfall within the next 24 to 36 hours, possibly threatening millions of people across the region.
“Mahasen could be life threatening for millions of people in Bangladesh, Myanmar and India,” warned Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator Valerie Amos. “Humanitarian organizations are working with Governments in Bangladesh and Myanmar to help people prepare for the cyclone.”
While the storm has weakened, it remains a category-1 cyclone, with wind gusts of 85 to 90 kilometres an hour. It is expected to hit just north of the Bangladeshi city of Chittagong, near the border with Myanmar, according to an update issued today by the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), which is headed by Ms. Amos.
“This part of the world is regularly hit by major cyclones and so everyone is taking this threat extremely seriously and making sure the right measures are in place to mitigate the impact and place everyone on alert,” Oliver Lacey-Hall, the head of OCHA’s regional office for Asia and the Pacific said earlier.
In Bangladesh, the Government has raised the cyclone signal level to seven – on a scale of 10 – and humanitarian agencies in areas most likely to be affected have started preparedness activities, including pre-positioning emergency supplies. OCHA also reports that the Government has ordered the evacuation of some 1 million people from 15 coastal districts.
The low-lying, heavily populated and disaster-prone country has carried out a number of measures, including the training of community volunteers, the establishment of disaster-preparedness drills and the construction of cyclone shelters, which have helped to reduce the impact of cyclones.
The devastating 1971 Cyclone Bhola claimed an estimated 400,000 lives in Bangladesh. In 2009, when Cyclone Aila struck, volunteers helped evacuate thousands of people from the disaster area, saving countless lives. The death toll from that tragedy was less than 200.
While preparations were under way in Myanmar, one of several boats carrying people from a flood-prone and exposed camp in Rakhine state hit rocks and capsized on Monday. Fifty-eight people remain missing and are feared drowned, according to the Government.
Ms. Amos expressed her sorrow at the tragedy and stressed the need for the Government to ensure that people can reach safety before Mahasen hits.
In Rakhine, the UN and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have started to implement a preparedness and contingency plan developed in March, which also supports the pre-evacuation plan the Government has developed in recent days.
In addition, authorities have started the process of evacuating tens of thousands of people who were displaced by inter-communal violence over the past 12 months, and moving them from camps to safe buildings or shelters.
“We are very concerned about the situation of displaced people in Rakhine state, particularly those in low-lying camps, and we are working urgently with the Government to find solutions that are viable,” said Mr. Lacey-Hall. “But we are running against time and lives are at risk.”
OCHA said that, according to the Rakhine authorities, some 36,000 displaced people have relocated as Cyclone Mahasen approaches. Humanitarian agencies report some reluctance by the uprooted to move due to a lack of understanding and fear that they will not be relocated back to the locations where they are currently living.
Aid organizations in Rakhine, including the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and OCHA, are monitoring as many of the relocations as possible. They are providing the uprooted with information on the storm, on the need to move to safe places and on the Government’s preparedness plan.
The government in Sittwe, the capital of Rakhine, today asked community leaders of both the Rakhine and Rohingya communities to help with the relocations by explaining to the communities the need to move to safe areas. UN agencies and their partners have stressed with both communities and the Government the importance of ensuring safety and the protection of people at risk.
OCHA reports that the Myanmar Government says it has 33,000 gallons of gasoline on stand-by in the event generators are needed due to power outages. The Ministry of Health says that it has disaster kits for 30,000 people on stand-by.
For its part, the UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF) has sent additional staff to Sittwe in the past two days. It is also looking to increase its preparedness in other parts of the country, such as Chin State, Mandalay region and Kachin, where strong winds and heavy rainfall may further worsen the situation of vulnerable communities.
News Tracker: past stories on this issue | <urn:uuid:7d72812b-fc07-4169-b8af-9c8dd85bf2a8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=44917 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00219-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96437 | 1,026 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Food Safety Inspector
Keep food-borne illness to a minimum by watching out for disease.
A Vegetable Farmer can work on a small or a large farm. Each presents different day-to-day challenges and duties. However, a Vegetable Farmer’s basic responsibilities are ultimately the same, no matter how big (or small) the farm is. Vegetable Farmers plant, harvest, and sell vegetables of all kinds.
Small farms are those you find selling at local outdoor markets. They’re often owned by one family, and have a workforce you can count on both hands. You don’t make as much money as a bigger farm (because you can’t grow as much), but you have a lot more control over things. You can decide not to use pesticides, for example, or change crop options based on your customer’s whims. This is because you work with a smaller number of plants, and get to know your customers better. Unlike big farms, you can’t ship your vegetables far away, so the people you deal with are limited to how far you can drive your peas or carrots before they start to mold.
As a big Farmer, you still worry about early frosts or bugs that kill plants, but you have different resources at your disposal. You have a bigger budget, and therefore, you can own more equipment, hire more Pickers, and have a marketing department to find you business. However, this also means you’re responsible for making more money. Owning a big farm means you spend a lot of time in meetings. Sales Reps who want to sell your crops, Salespeople who want you to buy their products, and businesses that carry your produce all take up your time. | <urn:uuid:a703d4cb-4ed1-4cdc-863b-654ae6c2e9db> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.insidejobs.com/careers/vegetable-farmer | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00075-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966279 | 357 | 2.875 | 3 |
Socialisation: For the baby, nurseries and child care centres are very positive places for expanding horizons, especially for only children. For children at a minder’s or in a tribe of siblings with their mother at home, it may still be good to register them in a child care centre, if only for a few hours each week, because it is an important advantage when they go to school.
Sessions with a psychomotor skills specialist help your child to express himself; they may also help him feel safer in society. The social behaviour of these children is often disturbed. They are often passive and tire more easily, with a long time lag between stimulation and response. They often have fluctuating attention spans and sometimes behavioural problems – being oppositional, withdrawing into themselves and so on – which is not ideal for helping them best develop. Work on their psychomotor skills, by creating a framework (place, time, educator) creates a feeling of safety and promotes your child’s capacity to express himself.
Your child may certainly be left with others (nanny, friends, family, neighbours), but you must simply let them know about his habits (baby bottle, nap, cuddles, games, etc.) just as with other children. It’s a good idea to teach him to live with others than usual family members and friends. This also gives the parents a break. You must love your child so that, when older, he will be happy without you. Allow him to be happy in an environment other than that of his family.
Caring for yourself, for your body and spirit, is essential if you want to take care of others. It’s not always easy and calls for a great deal of humility. You can’t assume everything by yourself, being on duty 24 hours a day, even for those you love most. Taking care of another takes a great deal of time and energy. Limits must be set beforehand and choices made, without anyone deciding the priorities for you. You must know how to get help, ask advice and accept, if necessary, to hand off. Accepting that another person than ourselves can bring peace and happiness to a situation is surely one of the best proofs of love we can give to those we love and who suffer.
Learning good table manners is very important from the youngest age. These good habits will be very useful when the child is in a group.
When he becomes aware of his disability, don’t let him use it to justify certain behaviours. For him to be accepted in society he must learn to respect rules, like everyone else.
If your young child tends to sway back and forth repetitively, or to stare fixedly, you must break him of it by communicating with him. This can be done with little games or short, varied activities, or even going for a walk.
From his first year it’s a good idea for your child to go to a nursery or child care centre. This is often a determining factor in his going to school later. It’s also important to find the most appropriate place for your child to be socialised. Your child may be followed by the CAMSP (Centre for early medico-social action, consult the website Service-Public.fr). If necessary, your child may be cared for by the SESSAD (Service for special education and home care; consult the website Service-Public.fr), which brings together a multidisciplinary team of professionals in a specialised educational or healthcare environment. These professionals will go to where the child is learning and developing, especially the school. To promote their integration, it is essential that your child be well-mannered and well-dressed, clean, with his hair and person properly groomed. When very young, you should be attentive to their grooming and the cleanliness of their clothes. | <urn:uuid:3e12c1c9-5b50-4a86-81cf-7b13eb314506> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.fondationlejeune.org/en/faq/interpersonal-relationships/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719908.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00157-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968483 | 794 | 2.5625 | 3 |
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Complications could include:
Bulimia nervosa is a potentially life-threatening eating disorder. Read about the symptoms and treatment options.
Dehydration takes place when your body loses more fluid than you drink. The most common cause of water loss from the body is excessive sweating.
Here's what you need to know about how electrolyte disorders develop and how they can be treated. | <urn:uuid:a2026f15-6cc9-4b74-92d4-3aa2099b8801> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.aarpmedicareplans.com/channel/diarrhea_complications?hlpage=health_center&loc=basic_info_tab | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00428-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943347 | 83 | 2.5 | 2 |
1800 108 8008
COVID-19, its prevention, vaccination and breastfeeding your child
COVID-19 infection went ahead to infect millions worldwide. WHO identified COVID-19 as a pandemic and a threat to the global economy. Pregnant women with COVID-19 are 5 times more prone to get admission in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) or end up on a ventilator than the nonpregnant counterparts. Though preterm birth may be a risk in pregnant women with severe COVID-19 complications, other obstetric complications like stillbirth or neonatal mortality aren't evident. Some pregnant women may develop severe illness from COVID-19 infection in various scenarios. They may include factors such as advanced maternal age, risky body mass index, pre-existing conditions like hypertension, diabetes or other pregnancy-specific conditions.
What are the facts about taking a COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy?
Your obstetrician will guide you about the benefits and potential risks (if any) based on your overall medical history.
- A pregnant lady who had received vaccination previously and is up to taking the next or second dose in pregnancy should take the second dose of the same vaccine. It's recommended specifically if the vaccine didn't create any disruptions or side effects.
- COVID-19 vaccine is capable of preventing 95% of COVID-19 infections.
- COVID-19 vaccine will allow you to stay healthy avoiding the infection and keep the people around you from contracting the virus.
- COVID-19 vaccine doesn't contain any constituents rendered harmful for maternal or foetal health.
- No serious contraindications or side effects are seen as yet. However, a few people may develop mild to moderate side effects such as:
A. Fever. B. Joint pain C. Chills D. Headache E. Fatigue F. Reactions on the site of infection including pain and soreness. G. Doldrums
- High fever is one of the possibilities in about 1% of the people who take the vaccine.
- Persistent high fever may create health issues in the first trimester of pregnancy.
- Owing to the serious complications of COVID-19, some pregnant women may be at the risk of spontaneous miscarriage or congenital malformations.
- If your obstetrician says that you may be at risk, you may consider deferring the vaccine until after the first trimester.
- You should try to update yourself about COVID-19 and its vaccine.
Are there any contraindications associated with the COVID-19 vaccine?
Every vaccine has its impacts. If you develop an allergic response to the vaccine or any of its constituents, avoid the vaccine. However, you should stay in touch with the latest developments. No evidence suggests that COVID-19 vaccines may induce side effects harmful to conception. Your obstetrician may guide you about how to start your preparations for pregnancy based on your medical history. If you have a history of vigorously reacting to any vaccine, you may discuss the same with your obstetrician.
Is it right to avoid the COVID-19 vaccine only owing to the fear of birth defects?
The outset of every pregnancy marks a 3-5% chance of sustaining birth defects. The phenomenon is known as background risk. According to various analyses worldwide, a COVID-19 vaccine may not raise the risk of birth defects. If your obstetrician recommends the vaccine based on the benefits that outweigh the risks of COVID-19, take the vaccine.
Who is at a mild to moderate risk of severe COVID-19 illness?
- People with a mismanaged or dysregulated blood pressure
- Immunodeficient people.
- People with various chronic inflammations and under treatment for inflammatory conditions
- People with neurological issues including dementia or stroke
- People who are obese
- People who are suffering from a chronic liver disease
- People grappling with diabetes
- People with a non-haematological cancer
- People with a respiratory illness including chronic lung diseases
- People with renal issues or chronic renal diseases
- People suffering from myocardial infarction or with a history
Who is at severe risk of COVID-19 infection?
- People undergoing intense therapy session including Chemotherapy or radiotherapy
- People with haematological cancers diagnosed within the last 5 years including lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndrome, leukaemia
- People undergoing immunosuppression for illnesses such as Graft versus host disease
- People who underwent a bone marrow transplant in the last 2 years
- People who underwent organ transplant
- People who are undergoing immunosuppression after an organ transplant
You may have to consider various factors if you think you are vulnerable to side effects:
- If you have health conditions making you prone to severe complications after your exposure to COVID-19.
- If you can adopt work-from-home culture or have already adopted towards the reduction of COVID-19 risk.
- Try studying your health based on your medical history.
- Discuss with your obstetrician about your comfort level.
- Tell your obstetrician when you are more comfortable taking the vaccine.
- If you think you are comfortable taking the vaccine in the first trimester, make sure your obstetrician approves of your decision.
- If you are afraid of developing complications after taking the vaccine in the first trimester, tell so your obstetrician.
- If you defer taking the vaccine, make sure you take it as planned in the second trimester.
- Even if you prefer to defer the vaccination until after childbirth, make sure your obstetrician is aware of it.
- And even if you go ahead to defer the vaccine, your decision won't affect the quantum of care you receive from your obstetrician or healthcare provider.
Possible effects of receiving COVID-19 vaccine after another vaccine:
Your obstetrician may highlight the importance of various vaccines. Tdap and Flu shot are generally recommended in pregnancy. If you prefer to take the vaccine during pregnancy or postnatal phase, you should schedule it at least 14 days before or after another vaccination.
Effects of COVID-19 Vaccine during breastfeeding:
The vaccine will be available for all who wish to take it. The data available currently about the impacts of the COVID-19 vaccine taken by mothers on their babies is unclear. The constituents of any vaccine entering int the breastmilk may be dissolved quickly after the milk gets digested. Apart from everything else, your immune response may get transferred to the baby after you take the vaccine.
What about the women who discover that they are pregnant during or after vaccination?
Those who discover that they are pregnant during vaccination or after being vaccinated shouldn't be advised to terminate their pregnancy. If a lady discovers that she is pregnant during the vaccine drive (after the first dose, and ahead of the second one), the decision should depend on the analysis of the potential risks. Motherhood hospital takes sincere efforts to ensure stress-free childbirth.
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Stay update don our latest packages, offer, news, new launches, and more. Enter your email to subscribe to our news letter | <urn:uuid:a0ec9f39-9d5c-4d3d-bb1a-498a587b364d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.motherhoodindia.com/covid-19-its-prevention-vaccination-and-breastfeeding-your-child/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.935246 | 1,507 | 2.953125 | 3 |
John had an online presentation at the 36th SIL conference in Berlin, Germany. The presentation focused on the project LIFE-Goodstream, but some results on arthropods in the flood zones and adult dragonflies from the Buffer project were also presented.
After David and Beata did the final arthropod sampling the first week in August we know have started to return the water levels to normal again. Below are some photos from David during the final sampling when the water tables were lowered.
This week David is in Halland to do the follow up-sampling in the field experiment where we have emptied 8 wetlands. He had help from an Intern from the biology course at Stockholm University, Beata Wolgers. Some maintanence of one of the Malais trap was also neccessary since the cattle can be a bit too curious.
David presented the studies on arthropods in the constructed wetland flood zones at the entomology congress in Helsinki, Finland. The poster can be seen above.
Here Sofia and Kalle do the emptying of one of the 8 wetlands. In some wetlands it is an easy process…
This week we started a field experiment where we simulate drought by emptying (lowering the water table) some wetlands. We emptied 8 wetlands and have another 8 as controls. The purpose is to see the effect of drought on the arthropod communities at the shorelines of the wetlands. Peter did the “pre-drought” sampling with Malaise traps, color bowls, suction sampling and pitfall traps. We also took photos of the wetlands with a drone before and after emptying. After a month of dry-out we will repeat the invertebrate sampling, and also repeat it next year to study long-term effects.
John presented some data from the dragonfly surveys at ECOO 2022 (European Congress on Odonata) in Slovenia, the 26-30 of June. It was a nice conference with lots of discussions on dragonflies (of course). Dragonfly researchers from 25 countries participated and apart from interesting presentations we also were on a field trip to see slovenian dragonflies with specialities such as Coenagrion ornatum and Cordulegaster hero.
We had a 2-day project group meeting at Lilla Böslid, Halland where we discussed among other things; current available data, future sampling strategies and forthcoming papers from the projects.
The first paper from our surveys is now published. The title is: Insects and spiders in constructed wetlands: interesting findings from a systematic survey in Uppland and southern Halland, and is published in Entomologisk Tidskrift 143 (1–2): 47–66. It can be viewed and downloaded by clicking on the image below:
The annual meeting for the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency´s research grants on Wetland ecosystem services was held att Hushållningssällskapet Halland/LIFE-Goodstream the 17-18 of March. It was a hybrid meeting with ca 25 persons on site and ca 45 joining digitally. It was a very nice meeting (despite the weather during the field day) and we visited Halmstad University´s experimental set-up aswell as some of our sites in the Buffer project. All the 8 projects presented their work and we got oppertunities to good discussions and networking during the meeting.
We have now started to analyze last summers field experiment with Osmia nest boxes in a hydrological gradient from the wetlands. We get data on nr of individuals, sex and occurence of dead or not developed individuals.
This week a paper on trophic cascades involving fish, zooplankton, phytoplankton, algal mats, bumle bees and oil seed rape, in a mesocosm experiment conducted in the project, was publishen i OIKOS https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/oik.09047
The results also have implications for the Buffer project regarding e.g. polinator behaviour during droughts and under different nutrient status of the wetlands.
We continue with the batymetry measurements in the wetlands. Now we have done more than 50 % of the 112 wetlands.
Today, some results from our survey to landowners were in the “science news” segment on Swedish national radio. It was the fact that the most common use of the constructed wetlands, by the landowners, was skating. Almost 40 % of the landowners we interviewed stated that they used the wetlands for skating. The short news segment can be heard here (in swedish): https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/bonder-aker-skridskor-i-vatmarkerna
During the weekend the 29-30 of January the storm Malik hit the westcoast of Sweden. Thanks to our water level meters located in 11 streams, we could follow the effect the storm had on the water levels, hour for hour. The data from the stream Trönningeån shows that between 02.00 and 21.30 the 29th of January the water level increased with 1.37 m!
Today we submitted a short article to inspire the public to explore wetland shorelines in order to experience the high biodiversity of insects and spiders. It is based on the findings in our projects which also are explained in the article. Results on beetles, spiders, flies, dragonflies and pollinators are presented. It will be published in “Hallands Natur” (in Swedish).
As always with electronic equipment permanently deployed in the field there is some wear and tear. Here is a meter where the cable has been disconected, possibly beacause of movements of the ice. Sofia and Sam exchange batteries and repair the ones that malfunction continously.
Today we got the news that our paper submitted to “Entomologisk Tidskrift” has been been accepted, after a minor revision.
The 19 of November David Åhlén presented results from the Buffer project and the Management project as part of his “half-time” seminar in his thesis-work at Stockholm University. Opponent was Professor Riccardo Bommarco, SLU. It was a combined live and zoom event and we got to hear interesting discussions on invertebrate food web dynamics at wetland shorelines/flood zones, and effect of management regimes on species abundance and distribution.
Today we submitted the first scientific paper in the project. It is a compilation with commentaries on interesting findings from the biodiversity sampling. It was submitted to the Swedish Entomological Society´s Journal; “Entomologisk tidskrift”. The title is: “Insekter och spindlar i anlagda våtmarker: Intressanta fynd från en systematisk undersökning i Uppland och södra Halland” (Insects and spiders in constructed wetlands: Interesting findings from a systematic survey in Uppland and southern Halland).
The whole Biowetland project group attended a conference at Stockholm University (Multi-functional wetlands) the 27 of October and thereafter a 2-day workshop with ca 20 researchers discussing a joint paper on Constructed wetlands and synergies and trade-offs of wetland functions. A very good and rewarding 3-day event at Stockholm University and Tovetorp research station. Below are some photos from the conference and the workshop.
Some time must be spent on mainenance on the 125 water level meters. Here Sam changes batteries in one of them
Today David arrived in Halmstad for sampling with Malaise traps and pitfall traps in the 14 wetlands that we will empty next year. This sampling toghether with another sampling next year before emptying will serve as comparisons with samplings done after the lowering of the water levels.
Today Johan and Joel from Heurgren Film AB spent a day in Halland to film our activities in the buffer project and also visiting researchers Pia and Joachim from projekt WetKit. The film is produced as part of project WetKit.
This week the second field sampling was done in 80 of “our” buffer wetlands to investigate occurence of Cyano algae and cyano toxin, as part of our networking collaboration with Pablo Urrutia Cordero at Lund univiserity. This time it was Sam (working for Pablo) who did the field work.
This week Pia and Joachim from project WetKit have been in Halland for fieldwork in “our” wetlands. Colaboration is always rewarding and we hade good discussions on methods and the state of the wetlands. Pia and Joachim sampled sediment cores in 19 of the wetlands.
The field material (various traps nests and nest boxes) from the pollinator field experiments that now have been terminated, have been collected and stored. Due to the very high rainfall in August we could not carry out the planned test with effects of draining some of the wetlands. We have however got permission from the landowners so we will do it next year (weather permitting). This experiment (emptying of ca 14 wetlands) is part of all 3 projects (Wetlands as buffers, Management of wetlands and Wetlands 2.0) and will hopefully give answers to different research quesitons in the three projects.
During our dragonfly surveys we found a Common winter damselfly (Sympecma fusca) at the wetland TA25. It is not rare in Sweden but have an easterly distribution and before our observation it had only been reorded once in Halland (in 2012) .
We have now done the first flow measurements in the 11 streams at the same segments where we have the flowmeters located. These first measurements were done at low flow situations (low water levels), and we will repeat this under medium and high flows also, to get good data on the flow at different water levels. Then we get data on flow with 1 hours resolution by combining the flow measure data with the water level data. The photos show some of the field work in the different streams.
We have added a categroy to our field protocols. When we are surveying the 112 wetlands (batymetry, dragonflies, invertebrates etc) we now also check for selected invasive species. We have selected ca 10 species that are easily recognized and invasive, in order to get data on the occurrence of invasive species in constrcted wetlands in the agricultural landscape. It was not planned in the proposal, but our field surveys give us a good opertunity to get useful data on a large set of constructed wetlands as a side-effect. The species we check for are e.g. Nuttalls Pondweed + Canadian pondweed (Elodea canadensis + C. nutallii), Signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus), Red water lily (Nymphae alba, var. rocea) , Grass karp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), Yellow scunk cabbage (Lysichiton americanus), Himalyan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera), Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica/Fallopia japonica), Giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum). The photo show signal crayfish in the wetland D31.
We continue with the time consuming work of depth profiling all the 112 wetlands. The wetlands vary quite a lot in terms of vegetation cover and water depth. The photo shows one of the more overgrown wetlands (KA5). In this wetland was also found Robust spreadwing (L. dryas) during the dragonfly survey.
The dry weather has turned some wetlands into dry land. Theese extreme water level fluctuations are interesting for us to follow. Some species are adapted to theese habitats (shallow systems with occasional dryouts) and one example is the dragonfly Robust Spreadwing (Lestes dryas). The photos show the wetland “D10” in the dry state and some specimen of Robust spreadwing found during our dragonfly survey in that wetland. This species is relatively rare in Halland and it is likely that constructed wetlands that dryout during summer is of major importance for the species. At our survey we found a quite large population of L. dryas at the site. Another species found at D10, with similar habitat requirements, was yellow-winged darter (Sympetrum flaveolum). It is also a rare species (likely to be included in the next update of the Redlist). For theese habitats, the management is especially important as they are sensitive for overgrowing with reeds and trees. D10 is grazed and mowed.
Peter has spent some 10 days in July in Halland to repeat the invertebrate sampling in the 50 selected wetlands that were investigated also last year. Focus was on Maialsie-traps. The photo shows the trap at the wetland “TA25”
Today Pablo Urrutia Cordero started his field sampling in 80 of our buffer wetlands to investigate occurence of Cyano algae and cyano toxins. We are networking together with Pablo to get synergistic effects from combining our projets.
We have started with the drone to test how efficient it is to get reliable data on emergent vegetation cover. The actual pgotography will be done in late summer when vegetation is at its peak, but we tested the drone today.
A professional film company (Heurgren Film AB) have spent two days following our work. In a project we network togwether with (WetKit) one part was to produce a film about constructed wetlands, and since we have several ongoing activities the film crew spent two days in Halland filming and interviewing us when we did our field work and discussed with the landowner.
Today we sent out the 3rd newsletter to the ca 8o landowenrs in the project with information about this years planned studies in their wetlands. Since we will take photos of all wetlands with a drone we also offered to send the pictures to the landowners if they wanted, which was quite popular.
By combining sonar data that we get from paddling with a SUP and sonar in the open water, with high resolution GPS-measurements from the shoreline and in high and dense vegetation in shallow water we get very good data on the depth and shape och the wetlands. The photos shows Sofia paddling with a sonar (left) and the photo to the right shows the position of the water depth data points from the sonar (blue) and the water depth data points from the GPS (white) From this we can construct very detailed depths curves of the wetlands.
This week we had a 2-day meeting with Jerker Jarsjö and Imenne Åhlén (Stockholm University), to decide methods to produce bathymetric maps of the 110 wetlands and to finalise our strategy for flow measurements in the 11 streams in our joint project. It was a very productive meeting and the photos show equipment testing and part of the field work including trial with a remote-controlled boat with a sonar to map the wetland topography (bathymetry).
The sorting work is progressing within the project with additional groups fully identified . The very large spider material is now identifed by Raul Vicente, and the dance flies (Empididae) by Sven Hellqvist. Examples from the two organism groups are shown below. Planning for this year’s studies is also in full swing. As we have received funding for nutrient analyzes in Uppland from Bolincentret’s RA3 and RA7, as well as the Albert and Maria Bergström Foundation, we will be able to collect very interesting data to investigate the impact of nutrients on spider and insect communities. We have also received funding for a drought experiment in Halland from Bolincentret’s RA8, and it will be very interesting to see how drought affects spiders’ condition and food preferences.
Another group of insects from the Malaise traps survey in 2020 has now been identified. it is the Crane flies, where we found a total of 47 species in Halland and 39 species in Uppland. Of these, 7 were new species for Halland and 4 new species for Uppland. The most exciting species was Paradelphomyia nigrina, which is a northern species and has only been found a few times in Finland and once each in Sweden (Dalarna) and Norway. The species was found in our traps in Uppland, and identified by Michael Andersson, Sweden’s leading expert on Crane flies. He has also taken the photo below
The collection of invertebrates last summer continues to reveal interesting findings as the experts go through the material. The latest interesting discovery regarding species biogeographical data was the spider Rugathodes instabilis that was found in one of our wetlands in Halland (see photo below). It has only been found with a handfull individuals at 4 sites in the counties of Uppland, Östergötland and Skåne before, and now also Halland! For more info: https://artfakta.se/artbestamning/taxon/rugathodes%20instabilis-101722
Naturvårdsverket (Swedish EPA) arrangerad an annual meeting for the 8 projects awarded in the call. We got presentations on the progress in the varius projects and also information from the SEPA, Formas and SGU. The image beloww shows a map of the location of all the water level meters from our project presentation. The presentation can be found here
The status report for our project is now submitted to Naturvårdsverket
The first results from last years sampling of invertebrates have now been delivered by the experts that have spent the winter sorting, counting and identifying the specimens. One group that has been done so far is the family of dancing flies (Empididae). Among the specimens was a species never encountered in Sweden before! It is the fly Hilara manicata. Apart from this new species for Sweden, also 3 new species for the County (Halland) were found. Several organsim groups remain to be counted and identified, e.g. spiders and beetles and it will be interesting to see if we get more surprises.
We had to change batteries in two of the water level meters. It was a bit difficult due to a combination of ice and rain, but with a SUP and umbrella Lea and Sofia managed! Good work!
Today we sent out the second newsletter to all the landowners (> 80).
Today we had a very good meeting with the researchers from the project WetKit (www.wetkit.weebly.com). We will cooperate regarding sampling sites and sampling strategies and will thus get more data from the sites leading to better understanding on e.g. multi-functionality of CWs. See also under the tab Networking
In August we did the third sampling campaign of invertebrates in 50 CWs, with Malaise-traps, colour pans, suction sampling, and pit fall traps. The picture shows insects collected by Malais-trap. | <urn:uuid:727b4ce6-149f-4e3d-ab0d-e4f28c321e46> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://biowetland.se/wetlands-as-buffers/activities/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.943086 | 4,055 | 1.585938 | 2 |
On Sunday, Pope Francis stated that Christians and the Roman Catholic Church should be apologizing to gays for the way they had been treated by the church.
The Pope believes that gays, along with all the other people the church has cornered, must be apologized to. The marginalized include the poor and the exploited.
While he was on his way home from Armenia on Sunday, the Pope was asked whether he was on the same grounds with one of his top advisers, German Cardinal Reinhard Marx.
Cardinal Marx spoke about the church’s treatment toward gays at a conference in Dublin. The conference took place days after the horrific Orlando gay club attack. During the conference Cardinal Marx said that the church owes an apology to gays for having them cornered, says Newsweek.
As Pope Francis was getting back to Rome from Armenia, he spoke to reporters aboard. He said that the Church should ask for forgiveness because of the way it has treated women. He also mentioned that the church didn’t protest against child labor, and it is also known for “blessing so many weapons” in the past.
According to him, Church teachings say that gays must be respected and accompanied pastorally. He also said that gays should not be discriminated against.
“I think that the Church not only should apologize…to a gay person whom it offended but it must also apologize to the poor as well, to the women who have been exploited, to children who have been exploited by (being forced to) work,” he said.
“It must apologize for having blessed so many weapons.”
It is known around the world that the Church preaches that gay tendencies are not sinful; gay acts, according to them, are. The Church also taught that that gays should refrain from sexual intercourse.
CBS News reports that Pope Francis stated a slightly altered version of the well-known “Who am I to judge?” comment. He made similar comments about gays on the first foreign trip after his election in 2013. | <urn:uuid:fcfa75cc-b858-450a-a079-635823958fed> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.morningnewsusa.com/pope-francis-church-apologize-gays-2385646.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00071-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.987126 | 415 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Rationale: Memory for a list of 20 words can be enhanced by preceding learning with consumption of 25 g glucose rather than an equally sweet aspartame solution. In previous studies, participants performed a secondary hand-movement task during the list-learning phase. Objective: The present placebo-controlled, double-blind study examined whether the additional cognitive load created by a secondary task is a crucial feature of the glucose memory facilitation effect. Methods: The effect of glucose administration on word recall performance in healthy young participants was examined under conditions where the primary memory task and a secondary task were competing for cognitive resources (across a range of secondary tasks), and where task difficulty was increased but dual task-mediated competition for cognitive resources did not exist. Measures of non-verbal and working memory performance were also compared under the different glycaemic conditions (glucose versus aspartame drinks). Results: In the present study, a beneficial effect of glucose on memory was detected after participants encoded a 20-word list while performing a secondary task, but not when participants encoded the list without a secondary task, nor when the 20 target words were intermixed with 20 non-target words (distinguished by gender of speaker). In addition, glucose significantly enhanced performance on spatial and working memory tasks. Conclusion: The data indicate that possible "depletion" of episodic memory capacity and/or glucose-mediated resources in the brain due to performing a concomitant cognitive task might be crucial to the demonstration of a glucose facilitation effect. Possible implications regarding underlying cognitive and physiological mechanisms are discussed in this article. | <urn:uuid:3de7cc9d-5b8c-4302-a607-656ffdbeeb8c> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/investigation-into-the-significance-of-task-difficulty-and-divided-allocation-of-resources-on-the-glucose-memory-facilitation-effect(1024badb-1088-4a3a-b490-5a15348824fa).html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720238.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00190-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934388 | 321 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Slovak, slovak - Introduction to Slovak language support
This reference page describes the coded character set (codeset), locale,
device, font, and other kinds of support for the Slovak language.
The operating system supports the following codesets for Slovak by means of locales, codeset converters, or both: ISO 8859-2 (ISO Latin-2)
reference pages for introductory
information on codesets. The
reference page discusses codeset
converters and how to use them.
The operating system provides the following locale for the Slovak language and Slovakia: sk_SK.ISO8859-2
You can use the locale command (see locale(1)) to find out which locales are installed on your system. See i18n_intro(5) for information on setting locale from the operating system command line.
For the Common Desktop Environment (CDE), you set locale by setting
the session language. To do this, use the Language menu accessed from the
Options button of the Login window.
The operating system supports the following VT style and PC style keyboards with Slovak characters printed on the keys:
|VT Style (105/108 keys)||PC Style (102 keys)|
For your keyboard to function correctly with your system, you must load a keyboard mapping table (keymap) that is appropriate for your keyboard's model and language. If you load a keymap that does not correspond to your keyboard's model and language, your keyboard behavior is unpredictable. The label located on the bottom surface of a keyboard usually specifies its model (five letter code) and language (two letter code). See the keyboard(5) reference page for general information on keymaps and instructions for loading them in different formats. The following tables supply Slovak-specific information that you need when loading keymaps.
Selecting keymaps in xkb format:
|For VT Style||For PC Style|
|LK401-CZ||lk401||LK471-CZ||lk471cz or lk471|
|LK411-CZ||lk411||LK47W-CZ||lk471cz or lk471|
|LK461-CZ||lk461||LK97W-CZ||lk97wcz or lk97w|
Selecting keymaps in xmodmap format:
|For VT Style||For PC Style|
|LK401-CZ||slovak lk401cz||LK471-CZ||slovak pcxaljz|
|LK411-CZ||slovak lk411cz||LK47W-CZ||slovak pcxaljz|
|LK461-CZ||slovak lk411cz||PCXAL-JZ||slovak pcxaljz|
|LK46W-CZ||slovak lk411cz||PCXAL-MZ||slovak pcxaljz|
Keyboards can have keys with characters printed on both the left and
right half of the keycap. The way you set or use your keyboard to send different
sets of characters varies from one keyboard model to another. Furthermore,
your keyboard allows you to enter more characters than those printed on the
keycaps. Refer to the
reference page for information
on how to enter characters.
The PostScript fonts available for languages supported by the ISO 8859-2 codeset are listed on the iso8859-2(5) reference page.
Refer to the
reference page for general discussion
of printer support options.
Others: code_page(5), i18n_intro(5), i18n_printing(5), iconv_intro(5), iso8859-2(5), keyboard(5), l10n_intro(5), Unicode(5)
Writing Software for the International Market | <urn:uuid:9585e87d-cf76-4a07-87d4-4ed381224d23> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://backdrift.org/man/tru64/man5/slovak.5.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00537-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.707982 | 845 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Georgia, the classic Southern state where a soft drawl and warm nights fill the landscape with serenity, is proving to be less than calming for the presidential candidates.
By maintaining a large staff and pursuing new voters there, Sen. Barack Obama has taken aim at the traditionally red state.
The state has not voted for a Democratic candidate in 16 years -- a fact which the McCain camp is counting on.
Sen. John McCain's campaign has no field office in Georgia, compared with the more than 30 field offices maintained by the Obama campaign.
Despite successful fundraising efforts in Georgia, especially in the Atlanta area, a recent shift of staffers from Georgia offices to North Carolina offices by the Obama campaign could signal a shift in strategy -- but the Obama camp maintains that it is not surrendering the state to McCain.
McCain lost Georgia's Feb. 5 Republican primary to Arkansas Gov. Mike Huckabee, but according to the latest ABC News assessment, the state is still "leaning Republican." | <urn:uuid:1f1b2b64-a085-4d09-b450-4391bc9fb989> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/5050/story?id=5781610&page=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00488-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938098 | 199 | 1.671875 | 2 |
When people talk about making renovations to their house what they are ultimately thinking is resale, resale, resale. Even before the show “Fixer Upper” hit the scene it seemed like every city had their own version of the “Flip or Flop” formula. Invest in key areas of the house and end up with a profit, mainly by updating the kitchen or bathroom, updating appliances, or simply adding a fresh coat of paint. However, not many of these shows seemed to address the landscaping even though you can reap the same returns on investment! So, naturally, we’re here to fix that.
While trying to figure out exactly what a single potential homeowner might perceive as valuable in a landscape is tricky, there are definitely some key characteristics that on average are looked at more positively than others.
For example, in a paper published by the Virginia Cooperative Extension called,The Effect of Landscape Plants on Perceived Home Value they found that people ranked “design sophistication” as the most important factor that increased the value of the home outweighing plant size and diversity of plant material type. More specifically, “the preferred landscape included a sophisticated design with large deciduous, evergreen, and annual color plants and colored hardscape.” Additionally, across the seven states surveyed they found that the change in value from a home with no landscape (lawn only) to a home that was well-landscaped ranged from 5.5-11.4%. That means that a home worth $200,000 with no landscape could be worth $11,000-$22,800 more after new sophisticated landscaping!
The best part about investing in landscaping is that it only gets better with age. As plants start to reach their mature heights, and get established, you really begin to see designs come to life. | <urn:uuid:fe8e10c7-18e1-4baf-9af9-e599dcab3544> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nativeedgelandscape.com/2018/03/perk-up-your-property-and-make-money-in-the-process/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.970933 | 379 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Body of work: the silent teacher helping students learn anatomy
For over 450 years, students have been studying anatomy at Cambridge through whole body dissection. But students find that they learn far more than just the architecture of the human body during their classes.
“This isn’t a book you take from the library that hundreds of other people will read and you put back. Someone has died and has actually left you their body to look at.” — Lynn Haythorpe
“I feel like I’m in a bit of a daze at the moment as to what just happened,” says Giri Nandakumar. “I have never seen a dead body before. The complexion, the expression of the face, the position they’re in, this was all quite new to me.”
Nandakumar is a first year medical student at Cambridge. He has been at the University less than a week, and has barely had time to unpack his belongings and settle in before entering the dissection room and taking his first steps towards a career in medicine. While students in other disciplines are poring over textbooks or listening keenly to a lecture, he has come face-to-face with a tutor of a very different kind: a donated, dead body.
There are occasional fainters in the first sessions, but the students quickly become accustomed to their new way of studying.
“We encourage our students to see their donor as their first patient and their silent teacher,” says Dr Cecilia Brassett, Head of Human Anatomy Teaching at the University of Cambridge. “That’s why whole bodies are important. Although entry into the dissection room is emotionally challenging, it does develop their professionalism in a way that teaching using models and images does not.”
Throughout the course of their first year, the students will work in small groups, always with the same donor. They will be guided through the dissections by tutors who will point out key points of interest that will prove essential to their future studies and careers, comparing what they discover under the skin with what they can learn from examining a live patient. There are occasional fainters in the first sessions, says Brassett, but the students quickly become accustomed to their new way of studying.
Whole body dissection has been taught at Cambridge for over 450 years now — possibly even longer, though earlier records are not clear. It was introduced to the University by John Caius in 1565. Caius had been a student of divinity at Gonville Hall, at the time spelling his name as it sounds, ‘Keys’.
Upon graduation, he spent time in Padua in northern Italy, where he studied under — and shared lodgings with — Andreas Vesalius, author of one of the most influential books on human anatomy, De humani corporis fabrica (On the Fabric of the Human Body), a copy of which is now in Cambridge’s University Library. This time clearly influenced Keys, who returned to England, Latinised the spelling of his name, and became a physician and member of the College of Physicians. There, he introduced annual anatomical demonstrations at the Barber Surgeons Hall in London.
His medical practice brought Caius into contact with the great and the good in London, including royalty. It proved lucrative, too, and he used some of the money to re-found his old Cambridge college, which had come into some disarray. The college now carries his name — Gonville & Caius College — and has a rich history of medicine; William Harvey, who first described the circulatory system of the human body, studied at the college in 1593, as did Harold Gillies, the ‘father of plastic surgery’ in the early 20th century.
“Caius was always keen on medicine, and in particular the study of anatomy,” explains Professor David Riches from Gonville & Caius College. “So when Queen Elizabeth I visited Cambridge in 1565, he obtained from her a decree to obtain two cadavers each year for dissection purposes.”
It isn’t clear where the bodies came from, according to Riches, but they were almost certainly convicted criminals or unclaimed bodies. However, Caius made sure that the bodies were treated with dignity. In the new statutes, Caius ensured a provision of £1 6s 8d for anatomical dissections and stipulated that the bodies should be treated with the utmost respect and subsequently buried in St Michael’s graveyard opposite the College, with the whole College attending.
Dissection was most likely practised at other colleges in later years, but it wasn’t until 300 years ago this year — in 1716 — that the university set up its first Anatomy School, close to Queens’ College.
Nowadays, Anatomy sits within the Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience on the Downing Site. Cambridge is one of only a few medical schools still teaching using cadaveric dissection — dissection of whole bodies — and just under 300 students a year study this at the university as part of their medical education. Some of these students will go on to become doctors and surgeons, others medical researchers, for example. But their education would not be possible without the generous gift from donors of their bodies after death.
“The bodies that come to us will be teachers. They’ll teach first year medical students human anatomy through dissection.” — Lynn Haythorpe
Lynn Haythorpe is the Bequeathal Secretary at the University of Cambridge, and it is her role to speak to potential donors and explain to them how the process of donation works. She receives around over 1,000 expressions of interest each year and the University usually receives up to 50 bodies.
Like Brassett, Haythorpe talks of the donors as active participants. “The bodies that come to us will be teachers,” she says. “They’ll teach first year medical students human anatomy through dissection.”
Learning by working on a human being is a huge responsibility for the students, she adds. “This isn’t a book you take from the library that hundreds of other people will read and you put back. Someone has died and has actually left you their body to look at.”
Throughout their first year, the students become very attached to their donors — even protective of them, explains Haythorpe. As they come to learn all the intricacies of the body, they will discover how unique each individual is, how much variation there is between individuals. The whole experience tends to fill the students with awe.
Yet despite working on the same individual for several months, other than the information they can glean about their donor from his or her body — age, weight, scars, tattoos, for example — they know nothing about who their donor was. But all this changes at the end of the academic year.
In May, the University holds a committal service where the students and tutors can pay their respects to their donors and express their gratitude. It is a closed event, but family and friends are invited to a memorial service held later in the year at the University Church, where they are able to say their own farewells.
The committal service itself is held in the dissection room, which is transformed from its usual austere, clinical room, to one decked with flowers and curtains, with requiems playing in the background. As the students enter the room, they find the coffin that contains their donor and will finally learn who their donor was. On top of the coffins are biographic details — name, age, photographs even. In some cases, families have provided much more information, helping paint a picture of the life of their loved ones.
“At the service, the students are saying goodbye: they will not see their donors again,” says Haythorpe. “It’s a very emotional time for the students. They’ve learnt a great deal, they’ve been given a great deal by this person. Students do get upset, and I think that’s a natural expression of how they’re feeling, and that’s a good thing.”
Each group of students writes a tribute to their own donor, but two students are chosen to write general tributes to read. Rachel Fox and Barney Fogg, this year’s representatives, say the service was profoundly moving and both are extremely grateful to their donors.
“If I could send my donor a message, the biggest thing I’d have to say is ‘Thank you’” — Rachel Fox
“If I could send my donor a message, the biggest thing I’d have to say is ‘Thank you’,” says Fox. “‘We’re so, so grateful for the gift that you decided to give. Its impact on our lives and on the lives of the patients we’ll go on to treat has been immense.’”
Fogg agrees. “What they’ve given us is difficult to sum up. It’s not just the donation of their bodies; it’s the connection we’ve built with them. I’m sure I’ll be a better doctor because of the experience.”
Written by Craig Brierley. Film by Nick Saffell.
If you are interested in donating your body for anatomical education, training and research after death, please email email@example.com with your name and full postal address or see here for further information. | <urn:uuid:9d5ba1cf-4375-495c-b5ef-94dfeff3fa2d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://medium.com/@cambridge_uni/body-of-work-the-silent-teacher-helping-students-learn-anatomy-2985c0cb84ab | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00164-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972151 | 2,027 | 2.671875 | 3 |
What’s The Problem, Revenue Or Spending?
I got into it a bit over at Drum’s place, where commenters are arguing that the S&P is a bunch of GOP plants because of the negative outlook report. Given that I spent some time analyzing historical revenue & spending tables with a calculator to generate one of my comments, I wanted to expand on it here.
The CBO expects GDP to grow from $14.9T in 2011 to $22.5T in 2020, an annual growth rate of over 4%, and expects deficits as a percentage of GDP to return to more sustainable levels slightly north 3%. This, of course, assumes the Medicare “Doc Fix” actually goes into effect, and all the temporary stimulus and the extension of Bush tax rates expire at the end of 2011 and 2012, respectively. I suspect it’s unlikely all three events occur. In addition, they assume that rates of growth in discretionary spending programs track inflation, while discretionary spending growth has averaged well above this (7.5%) over the last decade. (Note — it’s unclear in this data set whether the overall spending numbers, i.e. overall GDP, are inflation-adjusted. I assume so if they are calculating a 4% growth rate, unless they are projecting inflation less than 1.5% per year over the course of the decade.)
The S&P says the US debt outlook is ugly and not expected to improve. The S&P considers 4% growth to be their optimistic scenario, and doesn’t see long-term deficits even optimistically to drop below 4%:
In our baseline macroeconomic scenario of near 3% annual real growth, we expect the general government deficit to decline gradually but remain slightly higher than 6% of GDP in 2013. As a result, net general government debt would reach 84% of GDP by 2013. In our macroeconomic forecast’s optimistic scenario (assuming near 4% annual real growth), the fiscal deficit would fall to 4.6% of GDP by 2013, but the U.S.’s net general government debt would still rise to almost 80% of GDP by 2013. In our pessimistic scenario (a mild, one-year double-dip recession in 2012), the deficit would be 9.1%, while net debt would surpass 90% by 2013. Even in our optimistic scenario, we believe the U.S.’s fiscal profile would be less robust than those of other ‘AAA’ rated sovereigns by 2013.
As an example, I ran some numbers on Real US GDP values from 1969->2010, and calculated a compound annual growth rate for the general economy of around 2.79% (Note — I’m not 100% sure of the validity of my data set there, so if someone in the comments wants to check my work, feel free). I think a baseline of 4% GDP growth is wildly optimistic at this point, unless we experience a technology-based productivity shift on par with that we experienced in the 1990’s. I can’t say I see where that change would come from, but then again if I could see where that change may happen, I’d be spending my time investing in it rather than blogging!
Even with those assumptions, where does spending fall historically? Even at these rosy projections, it never falls under 22% of GDP (on par with the highest spending the country has seen since WWII), and those rosy projections came in January 2010. A year later, in January 2011, the CBO outlook got worse. It now shows spending never falling under 23% of GDP during the decade 2011-2020. Historically, spending has not exceeded 23% of GDP for a single year between 1946 and 2008.
For comparison, the stretch of 1996 to 2007 — a subset in those years being the only period of my lifetime where the US gov’t had run a surplus — government spending never exceeded 20% of GDP. We certainly had a negative GDP shock in 2009, and some stimulus programs to go with it, but that doesn’t explain why government should jump by more than 3% of GDP for the decade following.
Where has revenue been over the last few decades? Well, for the years 1991-2000, during which time we suffered one mild recession followed by the tech bubble, total government revenue averaged 18.75% of GDP. For the years 2001-2010, where we dealt with the tech bubble collapse followed by the subprime bubble and then crash, total government revenue averaged 17.07% of GDP. A sizeable drop, to be sure (the worst spots being 2009 & 2010, where the financial crash slammed revenue below 15% of GDP). But fundamentally not that far out of line with historical precedent.
The CBO projections for revenue — assuming the expiration of all the temporary tax stimulus programs at the end of 2011 and the expiration of Bush tax rates at the end of 2012, have revenue exceeding 20% of GDP for the latter half of the decade — which has only occurred since WWII in the years 1952 and 2000. Their projections show tax revenues sustaining well above historical norms as a percentage of GDP, and assuming Real GDP even somewhat approximates their projections, revenues that will be at inflation-adjusted levels well higher than the nation has ever seen.
So where is the problem, on the revenue side or on the spending side? Well, revenue in both percentage of GDP and in inflation-adjusted dollar amounts will be well above historical norms, assuming “optimistic” revenue numbers for the government (expiration of Bush tax rates). Yet spending will still outclass revenue by over 3% of GDP per year with no end in sight. Even if we rescind the Bush tax cuts, pushing revenue to a level this nation has NEVER seen outside of WWII, we’re still unable to pay for the government our Congress demands, because those demands reach sustained levels never seen in the nation’s history with the exception of WWII.
The S&P is right. We have no plan to get our fiscal house in order, and given that we’re adding onto debt levels (public debt held as a percent of GDP) that are well beyond those of other sovereign AAA-rated bonds, one wonders how they can continue to justify our rating. This is a nightmare scenario unlike this country has probably ever seen, and if it doesn’t get addressed, we may be seeing the end of America as we know it.
Revenue is NOT the problem. We need to fix the spending. | <urn:uuid:0d51124b-3ac9-4979-a777-85c13c5fc148> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thelibertypapers.org/2011/04/20/whats-the-problem-revenue-or-spending/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00291-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942856 | 1,341 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Family law issues encompass many different types of legal matters. Family law is sort of an umbrella term for practice areas that deal with families or family members who are involved in conflicts that require legal action. Many people automatically think family law involves divorce help, which is true, but there are other things besides divorce that are categorized under family law issues.
One common type of case that many family law providers see is child custody cases. A divorced couple has to decide who will receive primary custody, when each spouse will have the child, who is the primary decision maker, etc. If a couple cannot make a decision, they have to take their case to a judge who will make a decision based on many factors. For roughly 5% of custody cases, the issue is resolved after a custody evaluation.
If the child in the divorce case is still considered a dependent, all parents are then responsible for financial support of that child. A dependent is usually someone who is under the age of 18. In the majority of child support cases, the parent who spends the least amount of time with the child is the one paying child support to the parent who spends more time taking care of the child. The amount paid is usually decided upon by a judge and is determined by the income of the parents paying the child support.
Division of assets and property
When a married couple separates, they usually have shared assets that now need to be divided between the two. If an increase of money or property happened during the marriage, they must share the assets. They usually have equal rights to most of their shared assets, so a decision needs to be made about who gets what. In Florida, this is governed by Equitable Distribution. This means the assets in a divorce are divided fairly, not necessarily 50/50.
If you are experiencing any of these family law issues, it’s important to ask a family lawyer for help. You should not go through these tough issues alone, and a family law provider will be able to help you through them. | <urn:uuid:e5fc3ac3-5556-4ae7-8cdd-0197435e55c4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.affordabledivorcecenter.com/3-most-common-family-law-issues-surrounding-divorce/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.977885 | 414 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Article abstract: As editor of and contributor to the Encyclopedia, Diderot codified and promulgated the views of the French Enlightenment. His posthumously published fiction has earned for him a prominent place in the pantheon of eighteenth century writers, and his philosophical works remain challenging and influential.
The son of Didier and Angélique Vigneron Diderot, Denis Diderot was born on October 5, 1713, in Langres, France. Although the family was involved in trade—Didier Diderot was a master cutler and his wife the daughter of a tanner—a number of relatives had entered the Church, among them the canon of the cathedral at Langres. Diderot’s brother, Didier-Pierre, and his sister, Angélique, would follow this ecclesiastical path, the former becoming a priest and the latter a nun. Diderot, despite his later atheism, also showed an early inclination in this direction. Tonsured at the age of twelve, he made the one-hundred-fifty-mile journey north to Paris three years later to study at the Jesuit Collège de Louis-le-Grand or the Jansenist Collège d’Harcourt; he may have taken courses at both. When he received his degree in 1732, though, it was from the University of Paris, and his interest had shifted to philosophy and rhetoric.
Since Diderot had abandoned a career in the Church, his father apprenticed him to the Parisian lawyer Clément de Ris. This field suited him no better than religion, and, after enduring two years of legal studies, Diderot turned to a life of letters. His father refused to approve of so uncertain a course, so for the next decade Diderot survived on the meager earnings he garnered as tutor and hack writer, supplemented by occasional small sums from his mother. On November 6, 1743, he married Anne-Toinette Champion, the daughter of a poor linen-shop owner; this step further alienated his father, who so opposed the match that he had Diderot locked up in a monastery to prevent the wedding. Diderot escaped; he realized, however, that he could not rely on his parents to support his family and recognized that he needed a secure source of income.
Diderot therefore turned to the booksellers, offering his fluency in English and his literary talent. In 1743 he translated Temple Stanyan’s Grecian History (1707) for the publisher Briasson, who was sufficiently pleased with the result to ask Diderot for a French version of Robert James’s Medical Dictionary (1743-1745). At the same time that he was translating James’s treatise, he was adapting the third Earl of Shaftesbury’s An Inquiry Concerning Virtue in Two Discourses (1699). Much in Shaftesbury’s work appealed to Diderot and deeply influenced his views. He admired the Englishman’s tolerance and emphasis on reason, and he adopted the notion that religion and morality should be judged according to their social effects. Diderot also agreed with Shaftesbury that emotions play an important role in fostering socially proper conduct. He was less prepared to accept Shaftesbury’s optimism, his notion of an innate aesthetic appreciation, and his criticism of organized religion.
Diderot’s first original philosophical work, Pensées philosophiques (1746; English translation, 1819), written over Easter weekend, 1746, to earn fifty gold pieces for Madame de Puissieux, his mistress, built on this adaptation. Diderot was still not prepared to reject the Church—the fifty-first pensée reaffirms his belief in Catholicism—but he does urge that faith be tested by reason and that the passions, deemed by the orthodox to be dangerous, be seen as necessary to morality and creativity. Published anonymously, it was sufficiently impressive to be attributed to such well-known intellectuals as Voltaire or étienne Bonnot de Condillac. It was also regarded as sufficiently radical to be condemned by the Parliament of Paris in July, 1746.
La Promenade du sceptique (1830) revealed Diderot’s increasing doubts about religion; the manuscript was seized before publication, and the police began to watch Diderot closely. His bawdy satire on Louis XV and Madame de Pompadour, Les Bijoux indiscrets (1748; The Indiscreet Toys, 1749), further antagonized the authorities, and his Lettre sur les aveugles à l’usage de ceux qui voient (1749; An Essay on Blindness, 1750), which questioned the Deistic argument that cosmic order proves God’s existence, led to his arrest and solitary confinement for three months in the fortress of Vincennes.
This experience shook him deeply. Previously he had published his controversial works anonymously; henceforth, he would rarely publish them at all. His reputation in the eighteenth century, therefore, was lower than it would become after his death. Much of his contemporary acclaim derived from the project that would occupy him for the next fifteen years, the Encyclopédie: Ou, Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts, et des métiers (1751-1772;Encyclopedia, 1965). His translations and other writings not only had exposed Diderot to new knowledge but also had made him a logical choice for coeditor, with Jean Le Rond d’Alembert, of the ambitious project to translate and supplement Ephraim Chambers’ five-volume Cyclopaedia: Or, Universal Dictionary of the Arts and Sciences (1728).
As conservative opponents, who twice succeeded in having the Encyclopedia condemned, realized, the work was not an innocent compilation of existing knowledge. In its pages nature replaced providence, determinism superseded God’s will as the guiding forces of the world. Instead of relying on authority and tradition, Diderot and his fellow philosophers urged...
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AYPO is proud to be in its 52nd season of educating young musicians and giving them the opportunity to engage and learn through classical music.
American Youth Philharmonic Orchestras (formerly the Northern Virginia Youth Symphony Association) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that was founded by the Fairfax Symphony in 1964 and became independent in 1978. The flagship orchestra was named the American Youth Philharmonic (AYP) in 1993. The new name reflected not only the regional scope of its more than 100 young musicians from all over the metropolitan area but also the national acclaim and prestige the orchestra had earned in its first three decades. In 2003, the AYP became the Youth Orchestra in Residence at George Mason University's Center for the Arts.
Recognized as one of the leading orchestral training programs in the nation, AYPO provides competitive world-class training and performance opportunities for musicians up to 21 years of age. With a nationally recognized artistic staff, a dedicated professional staff, and a host of volunteers, AYPO annually selects and trains over 400 of the most talented young musicians. AYPO delivers programs of the highest caliber throughout the Washington metropolitan region, earning an unrivaled reputation for excellence and distinction. AYPO has represented youth in the arts through performances at Strathmore, the Kennedy Center, Carnegie Hall, the National Orchestral Festival, the International Rachmaninoff Festival (Novgorod, Russia), the Aberdeen International Youth Festival (Scotland), the British Festival of Youth Orchestras, the Festival of Youth Orchestras (Chicago and Washington D.C.), and the Spoleto Festival (South Carolina). Through the orchestras, young people with a common interest, commitment, and discipline work together to achieve harmony and excellence. In concert, these young musicians share their remarkable achievement and appreciation for classical music with the community.
Consisting of five separate ensembles — the Debut Orchestra, String Ensemble, Concert Orchestra, Symphonic Orchestra, and Philharmonic — AYPO provides talented young people an opportunity to perform in one of this nation’s premier youth orchestra programs. Each of the orchestras rehearses on Monday evenings from September through May and prepares at least three programs of repertoire for performance. Musicians also have the opportunity to participate in a Brass Ensemble, Harp Ensemble, Flute Ensemble, Chamber Ensemble Program and become mentors in the Music Buddies Mentorship Program. AYPO accepts applicants based on their musical ability without regard to gender, race, religion, disability, or income. | <urn:uuid:4a3e226d-982f-45fc-985d-adbf6abe495e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.aypo.org/our-history | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00349-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934805 | 527 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Hugh Trenchard, 1st Viscount Trenchard
Marshal of the Royal Air Force Hugh Montague Trenchard, 1st Viscount Trenchard, (3 February 1873 – 10 February 1956) was a British officer who was instrumental in establishing the Royal Air Force. He has been described as the "Father of the Royal Air Force."
The Viscount Trenchard
Trenchard in RAF full dress c. 1930
|Nickname(s)||The Camel (1890s)|
Boom (c. 1912 onwards)
|Born||3 February 1873|
|Died||10 February 1956 83) (aged|
|Service/||British Army (1893–1918)|
Royal Air Force (1918–1930)
|Years of service||1893–1930|
|Rank||Marshal of the Royal Air Force|
|Commands held||Chief of the Air Staff|
Independent Air Force
Royal Flying Corps in the Field
First Wing, RFC
Military Wing, RFC
Southern Nigeria Regiment
23rd Mounted Infantry Regiment (acting)
|Battles/wars||Second Boer War|
World War I
World War II (semi-officially)
|Awards||Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath|
Member of the Order of Merit
Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
Companion of the Distinguished Service Order
|Other work||Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis|
Chairman of the United Africa Company
During his formative years, Trenchard struggled academically, failing many examinations and only just succeeding in meeting the minimum standard for commissioned service in the British Army. As a young infantry officer, Trenchard served in India and with the outbreak of the Boer War, he volunteered for service in South Africa. While fighting the Boers, Trenchard was critically wounded and as a result of his injury, he lost a lung, was partially paralysed and returned to Great Britain. On medical advice, Trenchard travelled to Switzerland to recuperate and boredom saw him taking up bobsleighing. After a heavy crash, Trenchard found that his paralysis was gone and that he could walk unaided. Following further recuperation, Trenchard returned to active service in South Africa.
After the end of the Boer War, Trenchard saw service in Nigeria where he was involved in efforts to bring the interior under settled British rule and quell intertribal violence. During his time in West Africa, Trenchard commanded the Southern Nigeria Regiment for several years.
In Summer 1912, Trenchard learned to fly and gained his aviator's certificate (No. 270) on 31 July flying a Henry Farman biplane of the Sopwith School of Flying at Brooklands. He was subsequently appointed as second in command of the Central Flying School. He held several senior positions in the Royal Flying Corps during World War I, serving as the commander of the Royal Flying Corps in France from 1915 to 1917. In 1918, he briefly served as the first Chief of the Air Staff before taking up command of the Independent Air Force in France. Returning as Chief of the Air Staff under Winston Churchill in 1919, Trenchard spent the following decade securing the future of the Royal Air Force. He was Metropolitan Police Commissioner in the 1930s and a defender of the RAF in his later years. Trenchard is recognised today as one of the early advocates of strategic bombing.
Hugh Montague Trenchard was born at 6 Haines Hill in Taunton, England on 3 February 1873. He was the third child and second son of Henry Montague Trenchard and his wife Georgiana Louisa Catherine Tower Skene. Trenchard's father was a former captain in the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry who was working as an articled clerk in a legal practice and his mother was the daughter of the Royal Navy captain John McDowall Skene. Although in the 1870s the Trenchards were living in an unremarkable fashion, their forebears had played notable roles in English history. Notable ancestors were Sir Thomas Trenchard, a High Sheriff of Dorset in the 16th century and Sir John Trenchard, the Secretary of State under William III.
When Hugh Trenchard was two, the family moved to Courtlands, a manor house in Norton Fitzwarren, less than three miles (4 km) from the centre of Taunton. The country setting meant that he could enjoy an outdoor life, including spending time hunting rabbits and other small animals with the rifle he was given on his eighth birthday. It was during his junior years that he and his siblings were educated at home by a resident tutor, whom Trenchard did not respect. Unfortunately for his education, the tutor was neither strict enough nor skillful enough to overcome the children's mischievous attempts to avoid receiving instruction. As a consequence, Trenchard did not excel academically; however, his enthusiasm for games and riding was evident.
At the age of 10 he was sent to board at Allens Preparatory School near Botley in Hampshire. Although he did well at Arithmetic, he struggled with the rest of the curriculum. However, his parents were not greatly concerned by his educational difficulties, believing that it would be no impediment to him following a military career. Georgina Trenchard wanted her son to follow her father's profession and enter the Royal Navy. In 1884 he was moved to Dover where he attended Hammond's, a cramming school for prospective entrants to HMS Britannia. He failed the Navy's entrance papers, and at the age of 13 he was sent to the Reverend Albert Pritchard's crammer, 'Hill Lands' in Wargrave, Berkshire. 'Hill Lands' prepared its pupils for Army commissions and, as before, Trenchard did not apply himself to his studies, preferring sports (rugby in particular) and practical joking.
In 1889, when he was 16 years old, his father, who had become a solicitor, was declared bankrupt. After initially being removed from 'Hill Lands', the young Trenchard was only able to return thanks to the charity of his relatives. He subsequently failed the Woolwich examinations twice and was then relegated to applying for the Militia which had lower entry standards. Even the Militia's examinations proved difficult for Trenchard and he failed in 1891 and 1892. During this period he underwent a period of training as a probationary subaltern with the Forfar and Kincardine Artillery. Following his return to Pritchard's, he achieved a bare pass in March 1893. At the age of 20, he was gazetted as a second-lieutenant in the Second Battalion of the Royal Scots Fusiliers and posted to India.
Early military career
Trenchard arrived in India in late 1893, joining his regiment at Sialkot in the Punjab. Not long after his arrival, he was called upon to make a speech at a mess dinner night. It was common practice for the youngest subaltern to make such a speech and he was expected to cover several highlights of the Royal Scots Fusiliers' history. Instead, he simply said "I am deeply proud to belong to this great regiment", followed by "I hope one day I shall live to command it." His 'speech' was received with hoots of incredulous laughter, although some appreciated his nerve.
Young officers stationed in India in the 1890s enjoyed many social and sporting diversions and Trenchard did little militarily. While every regiment was required to undertake a period of duty beyond the Khyber Pass, for the most part conditions of peace and prosperity were evident and he was able to engage in various sporting activities. In early 1894 he won the All-India Rifle Championship. After his success at shooting, he set about establishing a battalion polo team. Being of the infantry, his regiment had no history of playing polo and there were many obstacles to overcome. However, within six months the battalion polo team was competing and holding its own. It was during a polo match in 1896 that he first met Winston Churchill, with whom he clashed on the field of play. Trenchard's sporting prowess saved his reputation among his fellow officers. In other respects he did not fit in, lacking social graces and choosing to converse little, he was nicknamed "the camel", as like the beast he neither drank nor spoke.
During this period of his life in India that he took up reading. His first choice was for biographies, particularly of British heroes, and he kept the long hours he spent reading unobtrusive, but in so doing succeeded in providing himself with an education where the service crammers had failed. However, in military terms Trenchard was dissatisfied. He failed to see any action during his time in India, missing out on his regiment's turn at the frontier, as he was sent to England on sick leave for a hernia operation.
With the outbreak of the Second Boer War in October 1899, he applied several times to rejoin his old battalion which had been sent to the Cape as part of the expeditionary corps. His requests were rejected by his Colonel, and when the Viceroy Lord Curzon, who was concerned about the drain of leaders to South Africa, banned the dispatch of any further officers, Trenchard's prospects for seeing action looked bleak. However, a year or two previously, it had so happened that he had been promised help or advice from Sir Edmond Elles, as a gesture of thanks after rescuing a poorly planned rifle-shooting contest from disaster. By 1900, Elles was Military Secretary to Lord Curzon and Trenchard (recently promoted to captain) sent a priority signal to Elles requesting that he be permitted to rejoin his unit overseas. This bold move worked, and he received his orders for South Africa several weeks later.
On his arrival in South Africa, he rejoined the Royal Scots Fusiliers, and in July 1900 he was ordered to raise and train a mounted company within the 2nd Battalion. The Boers were accomplished horsemen and the tactics of the day placed a heavy strain upon the British cavalry. Accordingly, the British sought to raise mounted infantry units and Trenchard's polo-playing experiences led to him being selected to raise a mounted unit for service west of Johannesburg. Part of the newly formed company consisted of a group of volunteer Australian horsemen who, thus far being under-employed, had largely been noticed for excessive drinking, gambling and debauchery.
Trenchard's company came under the command of the 6th (Fusilier) Brigade which was headquartered at Krugersdorp. During September and early October 1900, it was involved in several skirmishes in the surrounding countryside. On 5 October the 6th Brigade, including Trenchard, departed Krugersdorp with the intention of drawing the Boers into battle on the plain where they might be defeated. However, before the Brigade could reach the plain it had to pass through undulating terrain which favoured the Boer guerrilla tactics. The Brigade travelled by night, and at dawn on 9 October the Ayrshire Yeomanry, who were in the vanguard, disturbed a Boer encampment. The Boers fled on horseback and Trenchard's company pursued them for 10 miles (16 km). The Boers, finding themselves unable to shake off Trenchard's pursuit, led them into an ambush. The Boers rode up a steep slope and disappeared into the valley beyond. When Trenchard made the ridge he saw the Dwarsvlei farmhouse with smoke coming from the chimney. It appeared to him that the Boers thought they had got away and were eating breakfast unawares. He placed his troops on the heights around the building and after half an hour's observation led a patrol of four men down towards the farmhouse. The remainder of the company were to close in on his signal. However, when Trenchard and his patrol reached the valley floor and broke cover the Boers opened fire from about a dozen points and bullets whistled past it. He pressed forward reaching the sheltering wall of the farmhouse. As he headed for the door, Trenchard was hit by a Boer bullet to the chest. The rest of the company, seeing their leader fall, descended from the heights to engage the Boers at close quarters in and around the farmhouse. Many of the Boers were killed or wounded, a few fled and several were taken prisoner. Trenchard being critically wounded was medically evacuated to Krugersdorp.
Medical treatment and convalescence
After he was brought to the hospital in Krugersdorp, he slipped from semi-consciousness into unconsciousness. The surgeons believed that he would die as the bullet had punctured his left lung and they had removed six and a half pints of blood from his pleural cavity through a tube. On the third day he regained consciousness, but spent most of that day sleeping. After three weeks he had shown some improvement and was moved to Johannesburg, where he made further progress. However, when he tried to rise from his bed he discovered that he was unable to put weight on his feet, leading him to suspect that he was partially paralysed. He was next moved to Maraisburg for convalescing and there he confirmed that he was suffering from partial paralysis below the waist. The doctors surmised that after passing through his lung, the bullet had damaged his spine.
In December 1900 he returned to England, arriving by hospital ship at Southampton. He hobbled with the aid of sticks down the gangplank where his concerned parents met him. As a disabled soldier without independent financial means, he was now at his lowest point. He spent the next fortnight at a Mayfair nursing home for disabled officers which was run by the Red Cross. His case came to the attention of Lady Dudley, by whose philanthropic efforts the Mayfair nursing home operated. Through her generosity she arranged for him to see a specialist who said that he needed to spend several months in Switzerland where the air was likely to be of benefit to his lung. Neither he or his family could afford this expense, and he was too embarrassed to explain the situation. However, without asking any questions, Lady Dudley presented him with a cheque to cover the expense.
On Sunday 30 December he arrived in St Moritz to begin a Swiss convalescence. Boredom saw him take up bobsleighing as it did not require much use of his legs. Initially he was prone to leave the run and end up in the snow, but after some days of practice he usually managed to stay on track. It was during a heavy crash from the Cresta Run that his spine was somehow readjusted, enabling him to walk freely immediately after regaining consciousness. Around a week later he won the St. Moritz Tobogganing Club's Freshman and Novices' Cups for 1901; a remarkable triumph for a man who had been unable to walk unaided only a few days before.
On arrival back in England he visited Lady Dudley to thank her, and then set about engineering his return to South Africa. His lung was not fully healed, causing him pain and leaving him breathless. Furthermore, the War Office were sceptical about his claim to be fully fit, and was disinclined to allow him to forgo his remaining nine months of sick leave. He then took several months of tennis coaching in order to strengthen his remaining lung. Early in the summer of 1901 he entered two tennis competitions, reaching the semi-finals both times and gaining favourable press coverage. He then sent the newspaper clippings to the doctors at the War Office, arguing that this tennis ability proved he was fit for active service. After attending a medical board he had his sick leave reduced and was able to return to South Africa in July 1901.
Return to Africa
Back in South Africa
On his return he made his way to Pretoria, arriving there in late July 1901. He was assigned to a company of the 12th Mounted Infantry where patrolling duties required long days in the saddle. His wound still caused considerable pain, and the entry and exit scars frequently bled.
Later in the year he was summoned to see Kitchener, who was now the Commander-in-Chief in the South African theatre. He was tasked with re-organising a demoralised mounted infantry company, which was completed in under a month. Kitchener then sent him to D'Aar in the Cape Colony to expedite the training of a new corps of mounted infantry. Kitchener summoned Trenchard for the third time in October 1901, this time sending him on a mission to capture the Boer Government who were in hiding. Kitchener had received intelligence on their location and he hoped to damage the morale of Boer commandos at large by sending a small group of men to capture their political leadership. Trenchard was accompanied by a column of so-called loyalist Boers whose motives he distrusted. Also with him were several British NCOs and nine mixed-race guides. After riding through the night, Trenchard's party were ambushed the next morning. He and his men took cover and gave fight. After Trenchard's column had suffered casualties, the ambush party withdrew. Although this last mission failed, he was praised for his efforts with a mention in dispatches.
Trenchard spent the remainder of 1901 on patrolling duties, and in early 1902 he was appointed acting commander of the 23rd Mounted Infantry Regiment. During the last few months of the War, he only once got the opportunity to lead his Regiment into action. In response to Boer cattle rustling, Zulu raiders crossed the border into the Transvaal and the 23rd Mounted Infantry Regiment took action. After peace terms were agreed in May 1902, he was involved in supervising the disarming of the Boers, and later took leave. In July the 23rd Mounted Infantry was recalled to Middleburg four hundred miles to the south, and after the trek Trenchard occupied himself with polo and race meetings. He was promoted to brevet major in August 1902.
Following the end of the Boer War, he applied for service in the West African Frontier Force, and was granted the position of Deputy Commandant of the Southern Nigeria Regiment, with the promise that he was entitled to lead all regimental expeditions. On arrival in Nigeria in December 1903 he initially had some difficulty in getting his commanding officer to allow him to lead the upcoming expedition, and only replaced his superior by going over his head.
Once established, Trenchard spent the next six years on various expeditions to the interior patrolling, surveying and mapping an area of 10,000 square miles which later came to be known as Biafra. In the occasional clashes with the Ibo tribesmen, Trenchard gained decisive victories. The many tribesmen who surrendered were given jobs as road builders and thereby began to develop the country as part of the British Empire. From summer 1904 to the late summer 1905, Trenchard was acting Commandant of the Southern Nigeria Regiment. He was appointed to the Distinguished Service Order in 1906 and was Commandant with the temporary rank of lieutenant colonel from 1908 onwards.
England and Ireland
In early 1910 Trenchard became seriously ill and after several months he returned home, this time with a liver abscess. Back in England he did not recover quickly and probably prolonged his convalescence by over-exertion. However, by the late summer he was well enough to take his parents on holiday to the West Country.
October 1910 saw him posted to Derry, where the 2nd Battalion of the Royal Scots Fusiliers were garrisoned. He was reduced from a temporary lieutenant-colonel to major, and made a company commander. He occupied himself during the routine of garrison life with playing polo and he took up hunting. Finding peace-time regimental life dull he sought to expand his area of responsibility by attempting to reorganise his fellow officers' administrative procedures, which they resented. He also clashed with Colonel Stuart, his commanding officer, who told him that the town was too small for both of them, and by February 1912 had resorted to applying for employment with various colonial defence forces, without success.
During his time in Ireland he received a letter from Captain Eustace Loraine, urging him to take up flying. Trenchard and Loraine had been friends in Nigeria, and on his return to England, Loraine had learned to fly. After some effort, Trenchard persuaded his commanding officer to grant him three months of paid leave so that he might train as a pilot. He arrived in London on 6 July 1912, only to discover that Captain Loraine had been killed in a flying accident on the previous day. At the age of 39, Trenchard was just short of 40, the maximum age for military student pilots at the Central Flying School, and so he did not postpone his plan to become an aviator.
When he arrived at Thomas Sopwith's flying school at Brooklands, he told Sopwith than he only had 10 days to gain his aviator's certificate. He succeeded in going solo on 31 July, gaining his Royal Aero Club aviator's certificate (No. 270) on a Henry Farman biplane. The course had cost £75, involved a meagre two-and-a-half weeks tuition and a grand total of 64 minutes in the air. Although Copland Perry, Trenchard's instructor, noted that teaching him to fly had been "no easy performance", Trenchard himself had been "a model pupil." His difficulties were in some measure due to his partial blindness in one eye, a fact he kept secret.
He arrived at Upavon airfield, where the Central Flying School was based, and was assigned to Arthur Longmore's flight. Bad weather delayed Longmore from assessing his new pupil, and before the weather improved, the School's Commandant, Captain Godfrey Paine RN had co-opted Trenchard to the permanent staff. Part of Trenchard's new duties included those of School examiner, and so he set himself a paper, sat it, marked it and awarded himself his 'wings'. His flying ability still left much to be desired, and Longmore soon discovered his pupil's deficiencies. Over the following weeks Trenchard spent many hours improving his flying technique. After he had finished his flying course he was officially appointed as an instructor. However he was a poor pilot and he did no instructing, instead becoming involved in administrative duties. As a member of the staff, he organised the training and establishment of procedures for the new arm. He paid particular attention to ensuring that skills were acquired in practical topics such as map reading, signalling and engine mechanics. It was during his time at the Central Flying School that he earned the nickname "Boom", either for his stentorian utterances, or for his low rumbling tones.
In September 1912 he acted as an air observer during the Army Manoeuvres. His experiences here developed his understanding of the military utility of flyers working in cooperation with the British Army's ground forces. In September 1913 he was appointed Assistant Commandant, and promoted to temporary lieutenant-colonel. Trenchard's paths crossed once more with Winston Churchill, who was by then First Lord of the Admiralty, and himself learning to fly at Eastchurch and Upavon. Trenchard formed a distinctly unfavourable opinion of Churchill's ability as a pilot.
World War I
Officer Commanding the Military Wing
With the outbreak of World War I, Trenchard was appointed Officer Commanding the Military Wing of the Royal Flying Corps, replacing Lieutenant-Colonel Sykes. This appointment put him in charge of the Royal Flying Corps's home garrison, which retained one-third of the Corps' total strength. Its headquarters were at Farnborough, and being disappointed about remaining in England he applied to rejoin his old regiment in France. However, the head of the RFC, General Sir David Henderson, refused to release him. Trenchard's new duties included providing replacements and raising new squadrons for service on the continent. He initially set himself a target of 12 squadrons, however, Sefton Brancker, the Assistant Director of Military Aeronautics, suggested that this should be raised to 30, and Lord Kitchener later increased the target to 60. In order to begin the task of creating these squadrons, Trenchard commandeered his old civilian training school at Brooklands, and then used its aircraft and equipment as a starting point for the establishment of new training schools elsewhere.
In early October 1914 Kitchener sent for Trenchard and tasked him with providing a battle-worthy squadron forthwith. The squadron was to be used to support land and naval forces seeking to prevent the German flanking manoeuvres during the Race to the Sea. On 7 October, only 36 hours later, No. 6 Squadron flew to Belgium, the first of many additional squadrons to be provided.
Later in October, detailed planning for a major reorganisation of the Flying Corps' command structure took place. Henderson offered Trenchard command of the soon-to-be created First Wing. He accepted the offer on the basis that he would not be subordinated to Sykes, whom he distrusted. The next month, the Military Wing was abolished and its units based in the United Kingdom were re-grouped as the Administrative Wing. Command of the Administrative Wing was given to Lieutenant Colonel E B Ashmore.
Commander of the First Wing
Trenchard took up command of the First Wing in November 1914, establishing its headquarters at Merville. On arrival he discovered that Sykes was to replace Henderson as Commander of the Royal Flying Corps in the Field, making Sykes Trenchard's immediate superior. Trenchard bore Sykes some animosity and their working relationship was troubled. Trenchard appealed to Kitchener, by then the Secretary of State for War, threatening to resign. Trenchard's discomfort was relieved when in December 1914 Kitchener ordered that Henderson resume command of the Royal Flying Corps in the Field. The R.F.C.'s First Wing consisted of Nos Two and Three Squadrons flying in support of the British Army's IV Corps and Indian Corps. After the First Army under General Haig came into being in December 1914, the First Wing provided support to its operations.
In early January 1915 Haig summoned Trenchard to explain what might be achieved in the air war. During the meeting, Haig brought him into his confidence regarding plans by the First Army for a March attack in the Merville/Neuve Chapelle region. After aerial photographic reconnaissance had been gathered, the British plans for the attack were reworked in February in consequence. During the Battle of Neuve Chapelle in March the R.F.C., and especially the First Wing, supported the operation. This was the first time that aircraft were used as bombers with missiles strapped to the wings and fuselage as opposed to being released by hand which had happened earlier in the War. However, the bombing from the air had little effect due to limited weight payload capacity, and the Royal Artillery disregarded the information provided by the R.F.C.'s airmen. Prior to the British First Army's offensives at Ypres and Aubers Ridge in April and May, the First Wing's crews flew reconnaissance sorties using aerial cameras over the German lines. Despite the detailed information this provided and the improved air-artillery cooperation during the battles, the offensives were inconclusive. At the end of this engagement Henderson offered Trenchard the position as his chief of staff. He declined the offer, citing his unsuitability for the role, although his ambition for command may have been the real reason. In any case, this did not stop his promotion to full colonel in June 1915.
Commander of the Royal Flying Corps
On Henderson's return to the War Office in the summer of 1915, Trenchard was promoted to brigadier-general and appointed Officer Commanding the R.F.C.'s units in France. He was to serve as the head of the R.F.C. in the field until the early days of 1918. In December 1915 when Douglas Haig was appointed as Commander-in-Chief of the British Expeditionary Force, Haig and Trenchard re-established their partnership, this time at a higher level. In March 1916, with the RFC expanding, Trenchard was promoted to major-general.
Trenchard's time in command of the R.F.C. on the Western Front was characterised by three priorities. First was an emphasis on support to and co-ordination with ground forces. This started with reconnaissance and artillery co-ordination, and later encompassed tactical low-level bombing of enemy ground targets. While he did not oppose the strategic bombing of Germany in principle, he rejected moves to divert his forces on to long-range bombing missions as he believed the strategic role to be less important and his resource to be too limited. Secondly, he stressed the importance of morale, not only of his own airmen, but more generally the detrimental effect that the presence of an aircraft had upon the morale of enemy ground troops. Finally, he had an unswerving belief in the importance of offensive action. Although this belief was widely held by senior British commanders in the war, the R.F.C.'s routinely offensive strategy resulted in the loss of many of its air crews and machines, and some doubted its military validity.
Following the Gotha raids on London in the summer of 1917, the Government considered creating an air force by merging the R.F.C. and the Royal Naval Air Service. Trenchard opposed this, believing that it would dilute the air support required by the ground forces in France. By October he realised that the creation of an "Air Force" was inevitable and, seeing that he was the obvious candidate to become the new Chief of the Air Staff, he attempted to bring about a scheme whereby he would retain control of the flying units on the Western Front. In this regard he was unsuccessful, and he was succeeded in France by Major-General John Salmond.
Chief of the Air Staff (1st appointment)
After the Air Force Bill received the Royal Assent on 29 November 1917, there followed a period of political manoeuvring and speculation over who would take up the new posts of Air Minister, Chief of the Air Staff and other senior positions within soon-to-be-created Air Ministry. Trenchard was summoned back from France, crossing the Channel on a destroyer on the morning of 16 December. At around 3 pm he met newspaper proprietor Lord Rothermere, who had recently been appointed as Air Minister by David Lloyd George for political reasons. Rothermere offered Trenchard the post of Chief of the Air Staff and before Trenchard could respond explained that Trenchard's support would be useful to him as he was about to launch a press campaign against Sir Douglas Haig and Sir William Robertson, the Chief of the Imperial General Staff. On hearing this Trenchard flatly refused the position, being personally loyal to Haig and antipathetic to political intrigue. Rothermere and his brother Lord Northcliffe, who was also present, then spent over 12 hours acrimoniously debating with Trenchard. The brothers pointed out that if Trenchard refused, they would use the fact to attack Haig on the false premise that Haig had refused to release Trenchard. Trenchard defended in the debate Haig's policy of constant attacks on the Western Front, arguing that it had been preferable to standing on the defensive, and he himself also had maintained an offensive posture throughout the War which, like the infantry, had resulted in the Flying Corps taking extremely heavy casualties. In the end, the brothers wore Trenchard down, and he accepted the post on the condition that he first be permitted to consult with Haig. After meeting with Haig, Trenchard wrote to Rothermere, accepting the post.
Disputes and resignation
The New Year saw Trenchard made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath, and he was appointed Chief of the Air Staff on the newly formed Air Council. He began work on 18 January. During his first month at the Air Ministry he clashed with Rothermere over several issues. First, Rothermere's tendency to disregard his professional advisors in favour of outside experts irritated Trenchard. Secondly, Rothermere insisted that Trenchard claim as many men for the newly formed Royal Air Force as possible, even if they might be better employed in the other services. Thirdly, Rothermere and Trenchard disagreed on nominees for senior appointments in the R.A.F. Finally and most significantly, they disagreed over proper future use of air power which Trenchard judged as being vital in preventing a repeat of the strategic stalemate which had occurred along the Western Front. Also during this period Trenchard resisted pressure from several press barons to support an "air warfare scheme", which would have seen the British armies withdrawn from France and an attempt to defeat Germany entrusted to the R.A.F. Despite the differences with Rothermere, Trenchard was able to put in place planning for the merger of the Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Naval Air Service. However, as the weeks went on they became increasingly estranged personally, and a low point was reached in mid-March when Trenchard discovered that Rothermere had promised the Navy 4000 aircraft for anti-submarine duties. He accorded the highest priority to air operations on the Western Front's lad campaign: there were fewer than 400 spare aircraft in the United Kingdom. On 18 March they exchanged letters, Trenchard expressing his dissatisfaction and Rothermere curtly replying. The following day Trenchard sent Rothermere a letter of resignation. and although Rothermere asked him to remain, Trenchard only agreed to defer the date until after 1 April 1918, when the Royal Air Force would officially come into being.
After the Germans overran the British Fifth Army on 21 March 1918, Trenchard ordered all available reserves of aircrew, engines and aircraft to be speedily transported to France. Reports reached him on 26 March that concentrations of Flying Corps' machines were assisting in stopping German advances. On 5 April, Trenchard travelled to France, inspecting squadrons and updating his understanding of the air situation. On his return, he briefed the Prime Minister, David Lloyd George, and several other ministers on air activity and the general situation in France.
On 10 April, Rothermere informed Trenchard that the War Cabinet had accepted his resignation, and Trenchard was offered his old job in France. He refused the offer, saying that replacing Salmond at the height of battle would be "damnable". Three days later Major-General Frederick Sykes replaced him as Chief of the Air Staff. On the following Monday, Trenchard was summoned to Buckingham Palace where King George listened to his account of the events which caused him to resign. Trenchard then wrote to the Prime Minister stating the facts of his case and pointing out that in the course of the affair, Rothermere had stated his intention to resign also. Trenchard's letter was circulated among the Cabinet, with a vindictive response written by Rothermere. Around the same time, the question of Rothermere's general competence as Air Minister was brought to the attention of Lloyd George. Rothermere, realising his situation, offered his resignation, which was made public on 25 April 1918.
In the weeks that followed his resignation, Trenchard was without a role and he kept a low profile, avoiding the Press and making no public comments. The new Air Minister, Sir William Weir, under pressure to find a position for Trenchard, offered him command of the yet to be formed Independent Force, which was to conduct long-range bombing operations against Germany. Instead, Trenchard, seeking equal status with Sykes, argued for a re-organisation of the R.A.F. which would have seen him appointed as the RAF's commander of fighting operations, while Sykes would have been left to deal with administrative matters. Weir did not accept his proposal and instead gave Trenchard several options. Trenchard rejected the offer of a proposed new post which would have meant a London-based command of the bombing operations conducted from Ochey, arguing that the responsibility was Newall's under the direction of Salmond. He also turned down the post of Grand Co-ordinator of British and American air policy, and that of Inspector General of the R.A.F. overseas. Weir then offered him command of all air force units in the Middle East, or the post of Inspector-General of the RAF at home, but strongly encouraged him to take command of the independent long-range bombing forces in France.
Trenchard had many reasons for not accepting any of these posts, which he saw as titular, with little value and lacking practical authority. On 8 May 1918 Trenchard was sitting on a bench in Green Park when he overheard a naval officer saying to another: "I don't know why the Government should pander to a man who threw in his hand at the height of a battle, if I'd my way with Trenchard I'd have him shot." Afterwards Trenchard walked home and wrote to Weir accepting command of the as yet unformed Independent Force.
Commander of the Independent Air Force
After a period of what was officially termed "special duty" in France, Trenchard was appointed General Officer Commanding of the Independent Air Force on 15 June 1918, with his headquarters in Nancy, France. The Independent Air Force continued the task of the VIII Brigade from which it was formed, carrying out strategic bombing attacks on German railways, airfields and industrial centres. Initially, the French general Ferdinand Foch, as the newly appointed Supreme Allied Commander, refused to recognize the Independent Air Force, which caused some logistical difficulties. The problems were resolved after a meeting of Trenchard and General de Castelnau, who disregarded the concerns about the status of the Independent Air Force and did not block the much-needed supplies. Trenchard also improved the links between the R.A.F. and the American Air Service, providing advanced tuition in bombing techniques to the newly arriving American aviators.
In September 1918, Trenchard's Force indirectly supported the American Air Service during the Battle of Saint-Mihiel, attacking German airfields in that sector of the front, along with supply depots and rail lines. Trenchard's close co-operation with the Americans and the French was formalized when his command was redesignated the Inter-Allied Independent Air Force in late October 1918, and placed directly under the orders of Foch. When the November 1918 armistice came, Trenchard sought permission from Foch to return his squadrons to British command, which was granted. Trenchard was succeeded as commander of the Independent Air Force by his deputy Brigadier-General Courtney. Trenchard departed France in mid-November 1918 and returned to England to take a holiday.
Between the wars
Army mutiny in Southampton
After two months on the R.A.F.'s inactive list, Trenchard returned to military duties in mid-January 1919, when Sir William Robertson, the Commander-in-Chief of Home Forces, asked him to get control of around 5000 mutinying soldiers at Southampton Docks, who were protesting about being sent to France with the war being over. Putting on his Army general's uniform Trenchard arrived at the docks with a staff of two, his clerk and Maurice Baring, his Aide-de-Camp. He initially attempted to speak with the disorderly mob of soldiers, but was heckled and jostled in the process. He then summoned a detachment of two hundred and fifty reliable troops in fighting order to be sent into Southampton to confront the situation. On their arrival he issued them with extra ammunition for their rifles, and ordered them to fix bayonets, and leading them to the dock's sheds where the protesting troops were gathered, summarily threatened the recalcitrant troops with fire being opened upon them if they failed immediately to come back into order, at which they complied.
Chief of the Air Staff (2nd appointment)
Re-appointment and sickness
In early 1919 Churchill was appointed Secretary of State for War and Secretary of State for Air. While Churchill was preoccupied with implementing post-War defence cuts and the demobilization of the Army, the Chief of the Air Staff, Major-General Frederick Sykes, submitted a paper with what were at the time unrealistic proposals for a large air force of the future. Being dissatisfied with Sykes, Churchill began to consider reinstating Trenchard, whose recent performance at Southampton had once more brought him into favour with Churchill.
During the first week in February, Trenchard was summoned to London by official telegram. At the War Office Churchill asked him to come back as Chief of the Air Staff. Trenchard replied that he could not take up the appointment as Sykes was currently in post. After Churchill indicated that Sykes might be appointed Controller of Civil Aviation and made a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire, Trenchard agreed to consider the offer. Churchill, not wanting to leave matters hanging, asked Trenchard to provide him with a paper outlining his ideas on the re-organisation of the Air Ministry. Trenchard's briefly written statement of the essentials required met with Churchill's approval, and he insisted that Trenchard take the appointment, Trenchard returning to the Air Ministry in mid-February and formally taking up post as Chief of the Air Staff on 31 March 1919.
For most of March he was unable to do much work as he had contracted Spanish flu. During this period he wrote to Katherine Boyle (née Salvin), the widow of his friend and fellow officer James Boyle, whom he knew from his time in Ireland. At his request, Mrs Boyle took on the task of nursing him back to health. Once he had recovered, he proposed marriage to Katherine Boyle, who refused. Trenchard remained in contact with her, and when he proposed marriage again, she accepted. On 17 July 1920, they were married at St. Margaret's Church in Westminster.
Establishing the RAF and the struggle for survival
During the summer of 1919 he worked on completing the demobilization of the R.A.F. and establishing it on a peacetime basis. This was a sizable task as the force was budgeted to shrink from 280 squadrons to around 28. It was also during this time that the new RAF officer ranks were decided upon, despite some opposition from members of the Army Council. Trenchard himself was regraded from Major-General to Air Vice-Marshal, and then promoted to Air Marshal a few days later.
By the autumn of 1919 the budgetary effects of Lloyd George's Ten Year Rule were causing Trenchard some difficulty as he sought to develop the institutions of the R.A.F. He had to argue against the view that the Army and Navy should provide all the support services and education, leaving the R.A.F. only to provide flying training. He viewed this idea as a precursor to the break-up of the R.A.F., and in spite of the costs, he wanted its own institutions which would develop airmanship and engender the air spirit. Having convinced Churchill of his case, he oversaw the founding of the RAF (Cadet) College at Cranwell as the world's first military air academy. In 1920 he inaugurated the Aircraft Apprentice system, which provided the R.A.F. with highly technically trained specialist ground-crews for the next 70 years. In 1922 the RAF Staff College at Andover was established to provide air force specific training to the R.A.F.'s middle-ranking officers.
Late 1919 saw Trenchard created a baronet and granted £10,000 for his war services. Although he had attained a measure of financial security, the future of the R.A.F, was far from assured. He judged that the chief threat to the new service came from the new First Sea Lord, Admiral Beatty. Looking to take the initiative, Trenchard arranged to see Beatty, meeting with him in early December, Trenchard, arguing that the "air is one and indivisible", put forward a case for an air force with its own strategic role which also controlled army and navy co-operation squadrons. Beatty did not accept Trenchard's argument and Trenchard resorted to asking for a 12 months amnesty to put his plans into action. The request appealed to Beatty's sense of fair play, and he agreed to let Trenchard be until the end of 1920. Around this time Trenchard indicated to Beatty that control over some supporting elements of naval aviation (but not aircrew or aircraft) might be returned to the Admiralty. Trenchard also offered Beatty the option of locating the Air Ministry staff who worked in connection with naval aviation at the Admiralty. Beatty declined the offer and later, when no transfer of any naval aviation assets occurred, came to the view that Trenchard had acted in bad faith.
During the early 1920s, the continued independent existence of the R.A.F. and its control of naval aviation were subject to a series of Government reviews. The Balfour Report of 1921, the Geddes Axe of 1922, and the Salisbury Committee of 1923 all found in favour of the R.A.F. continued existence, despite lobbying from the Admiralty and opposition in Parliament. On each occasion Trenchard and his staff officers, supported by Christopher Bullock, worked to show that the R.A.F. provided good value for money, and was required for the long-term strategic security of the United Kingdom.
Trenchard also sought to secure the R.A.F.'s future by finding a war-fighting role for the new Service. In 1920 he successfully argued that it should take the lead during the 1920 conflict between British forces and Somaliland dervishes. The success of this small air action then allowed him to put the case for the R.A.F.'s air policing of the vast distances of the British Empire. Trenchard particularly argued for it to take the lead in Iraq at the Cairo Conference of 1921, and in 1922 the RAF was given control of all British Forces in Iraq. The R.A.F. also carried out imperial air policing over India's North-West Frontier Province. In early 1920 he suggested that it could even be used to violently suppress if necessary "industrial disturbances, or risings" in the United Kingdom itself, following on from his experience in such matters in successfully quelling the troop mutiny at Southampton Docks in the previous year. Churchill was unsettled at Trenchard's apparent willingness to use lethal military force domestically upon British subjects, and told him by reply not to refer to this proposal again.
Later years as Chief of the Air Staff
By late 1924 the creation of the reserve air force, known as the Auxiliary Air Force, meant that Trenchard was able to modestly expand the R.A.F.'s strength, and over the next two years, 25 auxiliary squadrons were created. It was during this period that he oversaw the introduction of the short-service commission scheme. which proved to be useful in providing some of the regular manning on the new squadrons. He also instigated the University Air Squadron scheme, and in 1925 the first three U.A.S. squadrons were formed at Cambridge, London and Oxford.
Since the early 1920s Trenchard had supported the development of a flying bomb, and by 1927 a prototype, code-named "Larynx", was successfully tested. However, development costs were not insignificant and in 1928, when he applied for further funding, the Committee of Imperial Defence and the Cabinet discontinued the project. Following the British failure to win the Schneider Trophy in 1925, Trenchard ensured that finances were available for an R.A.F. team, with which the High Speed Flight was formed in preparation for the 1927 race. After the British won in 1927, he continued to use Air Ministry funds to support the race, including purchasing two Supermarine S.6 aircraft which won the race in 1929. He was criticised by for this by figures in HM Treasury for wasting money.
On 1 January 1927, Trenchard was promoted from air chief marshal to marshal of the Royal Air Force, becoming the first person to hold the R.A.F.'s highest rank. The following year he began to feel that he had achieved all he could as Chief of the Air Staff and that he should give way to a younger man, and he offered his resignation to the Cabinet in late 1928, although it was not initially accepted. Around the same time as Trenchard was considering his future the British Legation and some European diplomatic staff based in Kabul were cut off from the outside world as a result of the civil war in Afghanistan. After word of the crisis had reached London, the Foreign Secretary Austen Chamberlain sent for Trenchard, who assured him that the R.A.F. would be able to rescue the stranded civilians. The Kabul Airlift began on Christmas Eve and took nine weeks to rescue around 600 people.
Trenchard continued as Chief of the Air Staff until 1 January 1930. Immediately after he had relinquished his appointment, he was created Baron Trenchard, of Wolfeton in the County of Dorset, entering the House of Lords, becoming the RAF's first peer. Looking back over Trenchard's time as Chief of the Air Staff, while he had successfully preserved the fledgling R.A.F., his emphasis on the Air Force providing defence at a comparatively low cost had led to a stagnation and even deterioration in the quality of the Service's fighting equipment.
Metropolitan Police Commissioner
After he retired from the military, he worked as a director of the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, largely disappearing from public life. However, in March 1931, Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald asked him to take the post of Metropolitan Police Commissioner, which after initially declining, he accepted in October 1931. He served as head of the Metropolitan Police until 1935. During his tenure he instigated several reforms, including limiting membership of the Police Federation, introducing limited terms of employment, and the creation of separate career paths for the lower and higher ranks akin to the military system of officer and non-commissioned career streams. The recruitment base was broadened, and persons with university degrees were encouraged to apply. Perhaps Trenchard's most well-known achievement during his time as Commissioner was the establishment of the Hendon Police College, which originally was the institution from which Trenchard's junior inspectors graduated before following a career in the higher ranks. He retired in November 1935, in his final few months as Police Commissioner having been awarded the Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order.
Later inter-war years
During his time as Metropolitan Police Commissioner, he maintained a keen interest in military affairs. In 1932, he aroused the Government's displeasure by submitting an unsolicited private paper outlining his idea for the air defence of Singapore. His ideas were rejected and the Cabinet Secretary, Maurice Hankey, who chaired the Committee of Imperial Defence, was angered by Trenchard's intervention. Later that year, when the Government was considering entering into an international treaty that would have banned all bomber aircraft, Trenchard wrote to the Cabinet outlining his opposition to the idea. Ultimately the idea was dropped.
Trenchard developed a negative view of Hankey, whom he saw as being more interested in maintaining unanimity among the service heads than dealing with weaknesses in British defence arrangements. He began to speak privately against Hankey who, for his part, had no liking for Trenchard in return. By 1935, Trenchard privately lobbied for Hankey's removal on the grounds that the nation's security was at stake. Following his departure from the Metropolitan Police, he was free to speak publicly. In December 1935 he wrote in The Times that the Committee of Imperial Defence should be placed under the chairmanship of a politician. Hankey responded by accusing Trenchard of "trying to stab him in the back." By 1936 the idea of bolstering the Committee of Imperial Defence had become a popular point of debate and Trenchard presented his arguments in the House of Lords. In the end the Government conceded and Sir Thomas Inskip was appointed as the Minister for Coordination of Defence.
With Hankey and his ban on inter-service disputes gone, the Navy again campaigned for their own air service. The idea of transferring the Fleet Air Arm from Air Ministry to Admiralty control was raised and although Trenchard opposed the move in the Lords, in the Press and in private conversations, he now lacked the influence to prevent the transfer, which took place in 1937. Beyond politics, he took on the Chairmanship of the United Africa Company, with its attendant financial income, which had sought out Trenchard because of his West African knowledge and experience. In 1936 he was upgraded from Baron to Viscount Trenchard.
From late 1936 to 1939 he spent much of his time travelling overseas on behalf of the companies who employed him as a director. During one visit to Germany in the summer of 1937 he was hosted at a dinner by Hermann Göring, the Commander-in-Chief of Nazi Germany's newly created Luftwaffe. Although the evening started in a cordial fashion, it ended in a confrontation, with Göring announcing that "one day German might will make the whole world tremble". Trenchard replying that Göring "must be off his head". In 1937 Newall was appointed Chief of the Air Staff and Trenchard did not hesitate in criticising him. As an ardent supporter of the bomber, Trenchard found much to disagree with in the air expansion programme, its emphasis on defensive fighter aircraft, and he wrote about it directly to the Cabinet. Trenchard offered his services to the Government on at least two occasions but they were not accepted.
World War II
Just after the outbreak of World War II, Prime Minister Chamberlain summoned Trenchard and offered him the job of organising advanced training for R.A.F. pilots in Canada, possibly as a pretext to remove Trenchard from England. He turned the post down, saying that the role required a younger man who had up-to-date knowledge of training matters. He then spent the remainder of 1939 arguing that the R.A.F. should be used to strike against Germany from its bases in France. In 1940 he was offered the job of co-ordinating the camouflaging of England, which he flatly refused. Without an official role he took it upon himself to spend the spring of 1940 visiting R.A.F. units, including those of the Advanced Air Striking Force in France. In April, Sir Samuel Hoare, who was again Secretary of State for Air, unsuccessfully attempted to get him to come back as Chief of the Air Staff.
In May 1940, after the failure of the Norwegian Campaign, Trenchard used his position in the Lords to attack what he saw as the Government's half-hearted prosecution of the war. When Churchill replaced Chamberlain as Prime Minister, Trenchard was asked to organise the defence of aircraft factories. He declined on the grounds that he was not interested in helping the general who already had the responsibility. Towards the end of the month Churchill offered him a job that would have seen him acting as a general officer commanding all British land, air and sea forces at home should an invasion occur. Trenchard responded by bluntly stating that in order to be effective, the officer with such responsibility would need the military powers of a generalissimo, and political power that would come from being Deputy Minister of Defence. Churchill was amazed at the reply, and refusing to grant Trenchard the enormous powers he sought withdrew the offer of the post.
Notwithstanding their disagreement, Trenchard and Churchill remained on good terms, and on Churchill's 66th birthday (30 November 1940) they took lunch at Chequers. The Battle of Britain had recently concluded and Churchill was full of praise for Trenchard's pre-War efforts in establishing the R.A.F. Churchill made Trenchard his last job offer, this time as the reorganizer of Military Intelligence. Trenchard seriously considered the offer, but declined it by letter two days later, chiefly because he felt that the job required a degree of tact which he lacked.
From mid-1940 onwards, Trenchard realised that by his rash demands in May he had excluded himself from a pivotal role in the British war effort. He then took it upon himself to act as an unofficial Inspector-General for the R.A.F., visiting deployed squadrons across Europe and North Africa on morale-raising visits. As a peer, a friend of Churchill's and with direct connections to the Air Staff, he championed the cause of the Air Force in the House of Lords, in the Press and with the Government, submitting several secret essays concerning the importance he attached to air power.
He continued to exert considerable influence over the Royal Air Force. Acting with Sir John Salmond he quietly but successfully lobbied for the removal of Newall as Chief of the Air Staff and Dowding as the Command-in-Chief of Fighter Command. In the Autumn, Newall was replaced by Portal and Dowding was succeeded by Douglas. Both the new commanders being Trenchard protégés.
During the war, the Trenchard elder stepson, John, was killed in action in Italy, and his younger stepson Edward was killed in a flying accident. His own first-born son, also called Hugh, was killed in North Africa. However, Trenchard's younger son Thomas survived the war.
In the aftermath of the war, several American generals, including Henry H. Arnold and Carl Andrew Spaatz, asked Trenchard to brief them in connection with the debate which surrounded the proposed establishment of the independent United States Air Force. The American air leaders held him in high esteem and dubbed him the "patron saint of air power". The United States Air Force was formed as an independent branch of the American Armed Forces in 1947.
After World War 2, Trenchard continued to set out his ideas about air power. He also supported the creation of two memorials. For the first, the Battle of Britain Chapel in Westminster Abbey, he headed a committee with Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh Dowding to raise funds for the furnishing of the chapel and for the provision of a stained glass window. The second, the Anglo-American Memorial to the airmen of both nations, was erected in St Paul's Cathedral, after Trenchard's death. In the late 1940s and early 1950s he continued his involvement with the United Africa Company, holding the chairmanship until 1953 when he resigned. He wrote the Introduction to the book Haig, Master of the Field (1953), an apologia for Douglas Haig's conduct of military operations during World War 1, who had come under increasing societal condemnation post-war for the scale of the British Army's casualties, written by General Sir John Davidson, Haig's former Operations Chief. From 1954, during the last two years of his life, Trenchard was partially blind and physically frail.
Trenchard died one week after his 83rd birthday at his London home in Sloane Avenue on 10 February 1956. Following his funeral at Westminster Abbey on 21 February, his body was cremated, and its ashes were entombed at the Battle of Britain Chapel. Trenchard's viscountcy passed to his son Thomas.
Several institutions and buildings are named after him, including the University of Ibadan's Trenchard Hall, and RAF Cranwell's Trenchard Hall. Also named after him are: Trenchard Lines – one of the two sites of British Army Headquarters Land Forces, (formerly RAF Upavon) the small museum at RAF Halton, one of the five houses at Welbeck College which are named after prominent military figures, and Trenchard House, which is currently used by Farnborough Air Sciences Trust to store part of their collection. In 1977 Trenchard was invested in the International Aerospace Hall of Fame at the San Diego Aerospace Museum.
Trenchard's work in establishing the R.A.F. and preserving its independence has led to him being called the "Father of the Royal Air Force". For his own part, he disliked the description, believing that General Sir David Henderson deserved the accolade. His obituary in The Times considered that his greatest gift to the R.A.F. was the belief that mastery of the air must be gained and retained through offensive action. During his life, Trenchard strongly argued that the bomber was the key weapon of an air force, and he is recognized today as one of the early advocates of strategic bombing, and one of the architects of the British policy on imperial policing through air control.
In 2018 a permanent memorial to him was commissioned as part of the celebrations for 100 years of the R.A.F. It was unveiled in Taunton on 14 June by the 3rd Viscount Trenchard next to the town's Northern Inner Distributor Road, which was renamed Trenchard Way at the same time.
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). . Encyclopædia Britannica (12th ed.). London & New York.
A F Montanaro
| Commandant of the Southern Nigeria Regiment
| Commandant of the Southern Nigeria Regiment
F H Cunliffe
| Assistant Commandant of the Central Flying School
23 September 1913 – 6 August 1914
| Officer Commanding the Military Wing of the Royal Flying Corps
7 August 1914 – 19 November 1914
As Officer Commanding the Administrative Wing
As Officer Commanding the Training Wing
| Officer Commanding the First Wing of the Royal Flying Corps
19 November 1914 – 25 August 1915
Sir David Henderson
| Officer Commanding the Royal Flying Corps in the Field
Became General Officer Commanding from 24 March 1916 (promotion)
25 August 1915 – 3 January 1918
Air Council established
| Chief of the Air Staff
18 January – 12 April 1918
Sir Frederick Sykes
|| General Officer Commanding the Independent Force
Became Commander-in-Chief the Inter-Allied Independent Air Force on 26 October
15 June – 20 November 1918
Sir Frederick Sykes
| Chief of the Air Staff
31 March 1919 – 1 January 1930
Sir John Salmond
John Thomas Dalyell
| Honorary Colonel of the Royal Scots Fusiliers
13 July 1919 – 1 May 1946
The Viscount Byng of Vimy
| Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis
Sir Philip Game
|Peerage of the United Kingdom|
|New creation|| Baron Trenchard
| Viscount Trenchard| | <urn:uuid:3f23a96f-df47-4643-8a2c-978acd565794> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://zims-en.kiwix.campusafrica.gos.orange.com/wikipedia_en_all_nopic/A/Hugh_Trenchard,_1st_Viscount_Trenchard | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.970489 | 17,852 | 2.625 | 3 |
As many of you know EMV, or more commonly referred to as Chip and PIN (Chip/PIN), have been a long time structure in areas such as Europe and most of the Asia-Pacific region. Europe made the transition between 2001 to 2006. Canada has a mandate of October 2010 for implementation and the intra-region liability shift. The US it seems is now entering the came with a few very small but significant moves.
- Wal-Mart has asked for Chip-and-PIN saying that now is the time to roll it out.
- In May 2010, the United Nations Federal Credit Union (UNFCU) became the first financial institution to begin issuing Chip/PIN cards.
- It should be noted that although AmEx is not technically a “financial institution” in the US, it did issue its “Blue” card with a chip for such transactions in Europe.
So will this bring us all the safety and security we want? What will this change mean for cardholders and retailers? Those are more complicated answers and the answer really varies from one region/country/bank to the next. Here’s a few things that Chip/PIN changes do mean.
If you read the Visa OpRegs you’ll see three different listings for liability shift. Merchants that accept Chip/PIN transactions are not always liable for fraudulent transactions since the understanding is that they are asking for both a card and the PIN (something allegedly only the cardholder knows.)
These shifts in liability can be either domestic, intra-region or bilateral shifts (according to Visa). MasterCard says of domestic liability shifts, “A shift in liability to the non-EMV compliant party, fraud liability is born by non-EMV complaint party for all regional transactions. Bilateral shifts existed previously between the various Visa Regions, “Visa EU and CEMEA signed a bi-lateral agreement in order for the liability shift rule to apply for international transactions between both regions as soon as the CEMEA rule went into effect on January 2006.”
This shift takes the liability off the merchant, but who does it go to? Well according to the Financial Ombudsman Service (FOS) in the UK that handles consumer complaint disputes, it is the bank that is responsible for the fraud unless customers acted “without reasonable care”. This could include writing down a PIN or allowing someone else to use a card. What does this really mean? Well, banks around the world are struggling as consumers claim fraud and the banks claim “without reasonable care.”
In a ComputerWorld article, analyst Avivah Litan, says that “companies such as Visa and MasterCard should consider easing some of their security requirements for U.S. merchants willing to make their payment systems EMV-ready. Visa has reduced the scope of its security audits in cases where organizations have implemented EMV technologies, and the same could be done in the U.S”
Pardon? (Fallacy alert!)
Let’s remember that Chip/PIN only helps reduce fraud at a singular merchant, it does not reduce the instance of payment card data theft. In fact Chip/PIN transactions can be just as risky as magnetic stripe transactions from a data theft and skimming perspective. Chip/PIN cards used as a payment terminal may leave “track equivalent data” which cannot be used to recreate the Chip but could be used to re-encode the magnetic strip on the back of traditional cards. I mentioned this in 2008 and Gartner is still saying the same thing.
The US moving to Chip/PIN is a good thing and something that will drive down card-present fraud. It may not directly impact payment card data theft and thus will not detract from PCI DSS compliance. I remember teaching a PCI DSS class of QSAs (back then CISP assessors) in the UK back in 2006. They struggled with the problem that merchants in the UK thought they didn’t need PCI DSS compliance because they already had adopted Chip/PIN, something they already equated with “credit card security”. I blogged about this from 2006 – 2007 to explain the differences between Chip/PIN and PCI DSS compliance and risks.
Companies that adopt Chip/PIN will still need to comply with the PCI DSS. That being said, there are some benefits:
- Reduced interchange (in some instances)
- Reduced fraud (as measured in the UK by APACS)
- Liability shift for Chip/PIN transactions
- Visa International OpRegs on Chip/PIN global mandates (2007)
- Visa Regional OpRegs for Canada (2008)
- Visa Smart Debit/Credit Certification Authority Service Description (2008)
- RBSWorldPay talks about liability shifts | <urn:uuid:aaef5a61-067b-468e-a53a-6383cf69ee2f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://chaordicmind.com/blog/2010/05/29/the-real-deal-on-chip-and-pin-emv-in-the-us/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00180-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952923 | 987 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Tens of thousands of demonstrators take over Rome in a show of strength against male violence towards women as linked protest marches through Munich
- Tens of thousands of women were pictured marching through the city centre of Rome, in Italy, on Saturday
- They were marking International Day for Elimination of Violence Against Women, which occurred Thursday
- Hundreds of marchers were also seen filling the streets of Munich, in Germany, where they set off flares
Tens of thousands of women have taken to the streets of Europe to protest against male violence against women.
Huge crowds of protestors were seen in Munich and Rome on Saturday as marchers held up signs reading: ‘Be free from violence’ and ‘Love has no bruises.’
The marches were planned to commemorate the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women, which occurred on Thursday.
The day is celebrated on November 25 each year after it was first made official by the United Nations (UN) in 1999.
In Munich, Germany, signs declared: ‘A woman’s place is in the revolution’, while another said: ‘Stop violence against women.’
Meanwhile, the house of the far-right nationalist fraternity Sudetia was attacked with paint as ‘Nazis and sexists! ‘ was scribbled on the wall.
In the Italian capital, the huge march, attended by tens of thousands of supporters, was organised by the Non una di meno (Not one more) feminist movement.
One placard read: ‘Violence is structural, the root is cultural, the problem is patriarchal.’
Flares were set off in both cities while drummers and music spurred the marchers on.
Some 736 million women worldwide – almost one in three – have been subjected to intimate partner violence, non-partner sexual violence, or both at least once in their life, according to statistics from the UN.
Thousands take part in a demonstration organised by ‘Non una di meno’ feminist movement, as part of the Commemoration of the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women, on November 27, 2021 in Rome, Italy
Women hold their hands and fists up during huge march in Rome on Saturday
Women hold banner as they march through the Italian capital against male violence
Women hold their almost bare breasts as they take part in a demonstration during a march in Rome
Tens of thousands of women joined the march in Rome on Saturday
A woman raises her hands as she marches with thousands of others through the streets of Rome
It came as hundreds of women also filled the streets of London Saturday – also in protest against rape and male violence against women.
Demonstrators held up placards and chanted slogans as they marched from near Marble Arch to Golden Square in Piccadilly Circus on Saturday night.
Anneliese Dodds, Shadow Secretary of State for Women and Equalities, joined the protestors, as she urged them to ‘shut down’ the capital in a rousing speech via a megaphone.
The women-only march was part of the annual Reclaim The Night event, which first began in 1977, at the height of the Yorkshire Ripper killings.
The event has taken on a new meaning this year following a spate of attacks on women after dark.
These include Sarah Everard, who was abducted and killed by Metropolitan Police officer Wayne Couzens, as she walked home in Clapham earlier this year.
And in September Sabina Nessa, 28, was attacked and murdered as she walked through Cator Park in Kidbrooke, in another crime which shocked the nation.
Women marching on Saturday night held up signs reading: ‘When will I be able to walk myself home?’
One said: ‘We will not be silenced’, while another read: ‘Blame the system not the victim.’
Source: Read Full Article | <urn:uuid:9520099e-1221-4f08-a201-9fbd1925fdf0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://upcomingworldnews.com/world-news/tens-of-thousands-of-women-protest-male-violence-in-rome-and-munich/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.979554 | 814 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Do You Suffer from Slanger?
Have you ever found yourself getting easily annoyed at the slightest opportunity after a poor night’s sleep? You might very well be suffering from ‘slanger’ – anger which is the result of your body not receiving enough sleep!
Scientists in the US have found that slanger is the sleep equivalent of the condition ‘hanger’ – rage driven by lack of food – and disproportionately affects women, as they are more likely to suffer from sleep deprivation and become more hostile and angry than man.
We all accept that sleep is essential for our health – it makes us look better, feel better, perform better, think better and behave better. We also understand a lack of sleep can result in us feeling grumpy and irritable, we suffer from mood swings as well as having a detrimental impact on concentration and memory. While many of us can handle a night of unrest, there are many who can’t.
A recent study shows that receiving too little sleep at night can harm the brain’s ability to control emotions and cope with anxiety. Sleep deprivation raises average daily blood pressure and your heart rate and can affect the body’s immune system the way physical stress does. Lack of sleep can affect the ability to metabolise serotonin – a chemical in the brain that regulates mood and energy – and when it’s disrupted we experience symptoms of anxiety, depression and lethargy.
A third of Brits receive less than seven hours sleep a night, does this, therefore, mean ‘slanger’ is on the rise?
Unfortunately, we can’t guarantee a good night’s rest, it is a personal decision to control ‘slanger’ by ensuring a regular sleep routine is met. Patrick Fuller, an associate professor of neurology at Harvard Medical School, has a seven-step guide on how he ensures a perfect night’s sleep. | <urn:uuid:2c6d27fd-87d3-43ea-8262-4ef8f947e5dc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.downlandbedding.co.uk/do-you-suffer-from-slanger/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.949512 | 397 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Research the Internet and locate at least one real-life example of each of the following:
Ineffective assistance by criminal defense counsel
Complete the following assignment:
Create an 8- to 10-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation, with a minimum of 100 words of speaker notes, in which you summarize each example and address the following questions:
What did the prosecutor do wrong? How does immunity protect the prosecutor from the consequences of his or her misconduct?
What did the criminal defense attorney do wrong? What is the Strickland v. Washington standard? Refer to Ch. 10 of Courts and Criminal Justice in America. How do the performance prong and the prejudice prong of the Strickland standard apply to the example?
What did the judge do wrong? Which judicial selection option—either appointment, election, or merit—would help to reduce instances of judicial misconduct?
How does the misconduct or ineffectiveness of these courtroom participants reflect or thwart the crime control model of criminal justice? How does the misconduct or ineffectiveness of these courtroom participants reflect or thwart the due process model of criminal justice?
Format your presentation consistent with APA guidelines. | <urn:uuid:5377e134-8b29-4170-8006-ca5508b383db> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://academicgurus.net/urgent-homework-help-20624/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.910264 | 246 | 3.03125 | 3 |
London’s highways continue to suffer from chronic underinvestment, according to the fourth annual “State of the City” report from the London Technical Advisers Group (LoTAG). The cost of the capital’s road maintenance backlog has now reached more than £1 billion.
London boroughs look after the capital’s highways alongside TfL but there is a serious shortfall in funding for repairs and maintenance which has increased over several years. This has been exacerbated by the huge fiscal impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on boroughs’ budgets, boroughs faced £2.2bn in additional spending and lost income last year. Furthermore, delays caused by the beginning of the pandemic, which affected supply chains, caused materials shortages and required new safe working practices.
Outside London, all English authorities receive an annual government settlement to look after roads and the local street scene. In 2021/2022 they will receive £1.385 billion for highway maintenance. In contrast, London local authorities receive no funds from the government.
Keeping London’s highways in good condition is no small undertaking, 7% of London’s total surface area is road. In addition to this, boroughs are responsible for local pavements, carriageways, street lights, trees, and structures such as tunnels, bridges and signs.
London has 17,000 km of carriageways covering 111km², the equivalent size to Jersey. The capital also looks after 4,300 structures, 27,000 km of footways, and more than 720,000 street trees which produce over 80,000 tonnes of oxygen per year.
As London pursues a swift and inclusive recovery from the pandemic, roads are a vital transport cornerstone. Boroughs are responsible for 95% of London’s road network and are determined to ensure it is fit for purpose, especially for low emissions travel such as walking, running and cycling. People are more likely to use greener active travel options if roads, lanes and pavements are properly maintained, as pedestrians and cyclists are more exposed to the road environment.
Boroughs are calling for more long-term support and investment to ensure Londoners and visitors alike can navigate the city’s roads in a safe, enjoyable and efficient way. Specifically, making national funding schemes available to London boroughs would help to address the capital’s massive maintenance backlog. For example, each year Londoners pay around £500 million a year in national Vehicle Excise Duty (VED) but this is spent in the rest of the country rather than being invested in London’s roads.
Mayor Philip Glanville, Chair of London Councils' Transport and Environment Committee, said:
“London’s highways and roads are a hugely important part of our transport network, providing people with the means to get around the city. During the pandemic, we have seen more Londoners embracing walking and cycling, relying on local roads and cycle lanes. Unfortunately, they are now facing potholes and uneven road surfaces which presents a real challenge for newer cyclists.
“It is alarming that London faces a staggering highway maintenance backlog costing more than £1 billion, which only seems to grow each year due to chronic lack of funding for London boroughs. The cost of the pandemic has weighed heavily on borough budgets and without more support and investment, the repairs and maintenance funding shortfall will only continue, risking a decline in road safety and quality year on year. All road users, including car owners, taxi drivers and businesses share these concerns.
“Good roads have an important role to play in tackling the climate emergency. If we do not provide safe, pleasant and efficient ways to walk and cycle in our cities, we will miss vital opportunities to reduce transport pollution.
“Londoners are looking to boroughs and central government for a long-term, sustainable solution to the highways maintenance funding shortfall. Beginning with the return of national Vehicle Excise Duty to London would be a helpful move, especially as many car owners in London think this funding is still available to maintain our roads.”
As people continue to rely on the capital’s highways to complete their journeys, boroughs will continue to work tirelessly to prioritise essential and urgent repairs in support of London’s recovery from the Covid-19 pandemic.
Notes to Editors:
- This is the fourth year that LoTAG (London Technical Advisers Group) has commissioned a ‘State of the City’ report to illustrate the size of London’s highway infrastructure: the condition, maintenance spend, annual need and maintenance backlog. This report is designed to highlight the risks of under-investment and support the case for sustainable investment in London’s highway infrastructure to improve its condition and limit future deterioration. Questionnaire responses from the highway authorities within Greater London were collated and information was extracted and analysed within an integrated database. Identified gaps were filled using historic records and engineering assumptions to enable projection of historic information.
- The London Technical Advisers Group (LoTAG) maintains a technical network for local government professionals and co-opted members in the highway and transport fields. It provides a centre for professional advice and assistance for local policy development and service delivery on a London-wide basis. | <urn:uuid:d9adcfa3-d884-4690-9fef-49a0e13436d7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://beta.londoncouncils.gov.uk/index.php/news/2021/londons-highway-maintenance-backlog-surpasses-ps1-billion | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.945046 | 1,085 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Earlier, Alexander Lomaia, the secretary of Georgia's security council, said that Russian forces had also occupied the Georgian city of Gori and that Georgian forces were fortifying positions near Tbilisi to defend the capital.
He said: "Russian forces are occupying Gori. Georgian armed forces received an order to leave Gori and to fortify positions near Mtskheta to defend the capital. This is a total onslaught."
Mtskheta is a Georgian city 24km from Tbilisi.
Moscow denied that it had taken Gori.
Earlier, Jonah Hull, Al Jazeera's correspondent outside Gori, confirmed that the city had been evacuated.
Hull said: "The evacuation began suddenly... when word came that the Russians were 5km to 10km from the city's limits. I have seen civilians and the army fleeing. Georgian troops clinging to the back of quad bikes. I have seen tanks leaving in no particular formation. It's panic basically."
Earlier on Monday, Mikheil Saakashvili, Georgia's president, spoke of the "cold-blooded, pre-meditated, murder" of his country and said that there would be "no surrender" to Russian aggression.
Appealing to the international community to step in to resolve fighting over the breakaway region of South Ossetia, he said: "The world has a moral duty to stop the madness."
Saakashvili made the comments at a news conference in Tbilisi, the Georgian capital, on Monday.
His remarks came as Russia's Interfax news agency said Georgian forces were continuing to shell Tskhinvali, the South Ossetian capital, early on Monday, killing three Russian peacekeepers and wounding 18 others.
Saakashvili said that the manner in which Russian troops mobilised in South Ossetia over recent days clearly indicated that it was a pre-meditated operation.
He said: "It is obvious... the Russian invasion had been planned for months and months and months. The timing of this intervention has been chosen deliberately [with regards] to the Olympics."
"It is so clear what has happened. We are in the process of invasion, occupation and annihilation of a democratic, independent country.
"Please wake up everybody and make your position and speak with a united voice... We are seeing the cold-blooded, pre-meditated, murder of a small country."
A cease-fire proposed by European Union envoys was signed in Tbilisi by Saakashvili on Monday morning, but Russia immediately rejected the document.
A Kremlin spokesman said: "According to information from peacekeepers in South Ossetia, Georgia continues to use military force and in this regard we cannot consider this document."
|Russia's deputy prime minister dismissed an EU cease-fire [AFP]
Sergei Ivanov, the Russian deputy prime minister, dismissed the EU efforts, saying the document was "not a ceasefire agreement".
Ivanov said a "cease-fire agreement is signed by two sides when they meet... we need a written agreement between Georgia on one side, South Ossetia and Abkhazia... that they will never use force in the future."
The document called for medical access to victims, a controlled withdrawal of troops on both sides and eventual political talks.
Meanwhile, Vladimir Putin, Russia's prime minister, said on Monday that the West had mistaken the real aggressors for the victims.
In a speech to senior government officials, Putin said some United States politicians still had a Cold War mentality.
"It is a shame that some of our partners are not helping us but, essentially, are hindering us," Putin said.
"I mean... the transfer by the United States of a Georgian contingent in Iraq with military transport planes practically to the conflict zone."
On Monday, the US military confirmed they had begun flying 2,000 Georgian troops home from Iraq after Georgia recalled them.
"The very scale of this cynicism is astonishing," said Putin.
"The attempt to turn white into black, black into white and to adeptly portray victims of aggression as aggressors and place the responsibility for the consequences of the aggression on the victims."
Earlier on Monday, Georgia's president said his country's existence was threatened by what he said was a Russian military onslaught centred on the breakaway region of South Ossetia but also including bombardments across Georgia.
At the weekend, Russian tanks attempted to advance in the direction of the town of Gori outside South Ossetia, but were turned back by Georgian forces.
Moscow officials have said that 2,000 people have been killed among the South Ossetian population, but Human Rights Watch (HRW), a New York-based rights group, said that appeared to be an exaggeration.
HRW also questioned Russia's claim that the conflict had resulted in 24,000 refugees, saying that refugees who had crossed the border multiple times may have been registered more than once.
Thousands of refugees have been housed in hostels in and around Vladikavkaz, the capital of North Ossetia, with others being sent to the cities of Nalchik, Krasnodar and Rostov in southern Russia.
"There are fears of propaganda and of disinformation. It's difficult to form an objective picture," said Tanya Lokshina, a HRW researcher.
Both South Ossetia and Abkhazia have run their own affairs without international recognition since fighting to break from Georgia in the early 1990s.
The two provinces have close ties with Moscow, while Georgia has deeply angered Russia by wanting to join Nato. | <urn:uuid:ac6c223d-5bd0-4fdd-9be0-fdd9c542869e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2008/08/2008811171730453756.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00250-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971336 | 1,163 | 1.617188 | 2 |
So you love Min/Max.
Yeah, I know: “It’s so easy.” And, “I just set my levels and the ordering takes care of itself!” Parts managers love it, and I see it everywhere I go.
But in my last shop visit I got curious. The parts crew swore by Min/Max, and had been using it for years. They set the minimum, and when the on-hand fell through that level, their computer system ordered it back to the maximum, which they had also set. Easy as pie.
But I wondered what happened when the part was declining in activity. What was going on when it hit the reorder point, was brought in and then … you get my drift? What does Min/Max do when there are no sales? The answer: It orders, and then does … nothing — completely content with its maximum on-hand quantities. Everybody’s happy.
So, I ran a little report. Tell me, computer, of those parts that are sitting at the maximum on-hand quantity, how long have they been there? In other words, for those parts at the maximum level, how many days has it been since they showed a sale? They were hot. We ordered more in. And now what? Disaster. Eighty percent of all part numbers at the maximum had not had a sale in 18 months. A year and a half, sitting at the maximum point, with no activity. They had each been ordered back to the maximum when they dipped below the re-order point, months ago, and now, there they sat: $50,000 worth of parts, sucking up capital, space, insurance, inventory tax and whatever else you can attribute to the cost of carrying inventory.
This bugged me. So when I returned to my office, I ran the tests against the parts inventories of more than 300 dealers from all across the nation. Same question: Computer, tell me, of those parts using Min/Max, how is the on-hand and how are they doing in sales?
Again, disaster. But more than that, it was mega-disaster. Look at the chart. I had almost $29 million of Min/Max parts inventory in front of me, and the results were damning. The value of parts on the shelf that were turning (sales within the year) were about $15 million, or 50 percent. And the other 50 percent? Some had sold up till a year ago, others 2 years back, then 3, 4 and on, up to a large group, $5 million worth, that had sat 10 years at the max. No sales. Ten years. All toll? About $15 million turning, and about $15 million just sitting, eating up space. Pretty obvious. Min/Max works great when the part is moving. You will absolutely not be out of this baby, ever, because you will always hit the re-order point that you set in time to get more in. A conservative parts manager will set those re-order points high, and maybe even set the maximums high, so that he or she will absolutely not run out. Ever again. No sir. Can you say, “I N S U R A N C E?”
But does that same parts manager watch to see when the part stops moving? And then, does that parts manager adjust the Min/Max down to a more realistic point? The answer is obvious: Nope.
Any good computer inventory control system will look three directions when calculating a suggested order. It will first look back: sales history, lost sales, actual usage over at least a year in that shop, in that town, in that county, with their customers. Every place is different, and only your past sales will predict your future sales.
Second, that helpful computer system will look at the present. What is your on-hand today? What do you have on order today?
And third, that computer will look into the future, try to see through the mist and tell you what it thinks you will need tomorrow: What is the general pattern of sales in your store? What months are historically high, and which months are low? All of this goes into ordering. And if you leave out any piece of it or if you allow the computer to ramble on with outdated information and instructions, you are headed for a wreck. And in this case, the wreck just cost this dealer $50,000.
Yes, use Min/Max, but use it wisely.
This study shows that it works well where it was intended to work: Fast-moving parts, with the complete assurance that they will continue to move. The second those parts start to slow down, somebody has to put on the brakes. psb
Hal Ethington has been associated with the powersports industry for more than 30 years. Ethington is a senior analyst at ADP Lightspeed. He can be reached at Hal_ethington@adp.com.
May 4, 2009 – A disturbing study of the popular Min/Max ordering system
So you love Min/Max. | <urn:uuid:2d1345a2-deae-4047-a647-b1afa7d4c02d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://powersportsbusiness.com/archives/2009/05/04/may-4-2009-a-disturbing-study-of-the-popular-minmax-ordering-system-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00212-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973783 | 1,061 | 1.617188 | 2 |
M12 connectors power industrial applications
01 July 2022
Industrial_Robot binder article image
In the competitive world of industrial connectivity, the M12 connector is a highly popular solution. Part of the metric connector family which includes the smaller M5 & M8, the M12 has found a huge range of applications within industry & beyond, says David Phillips, Managing Director of binder UK & Director of International Sales for specialists in circular connectors for industrial & automation technology, the binder group…
This article was originally featured in the July 2022 issue of EPDT magazine [read the digital issue]. And sign up to receive your own copy each month.
The M12 delivers a range of features that make it ideal as a connectivity solution for the tough environment of the factory floor. The key to the M12 series is its screw locking system, using the 12mm metric thread that gives the connector its name. This threaded locking system creates a secure connection, and the cylindrical design is both compact and strong, making the M12 ideal for the tough conditions found in industrial applications. Many M12 connectors even offer protection against harsh environments and are sealed against moisture and chemical ingress.
Popular & versatile
The features of the M12 have made it a popular choice for designers of industrial automation equipment, who value the connector system’s versatility. The ability of the M12 to deliver power, data and signal has led to its adoption for a wide range of devices. However, the possibility of mating a connector carrying power to a delicate sensor or a network router creates the potential for dangerous situations.
To minimise this risk, the M12 connector employs features that will prevent incorrect employment. Each application uses a different combination of contact arrangements and keyways that are unique to specific applications, governed by a series of codes. Each code has been created to suit a particular type of use.
AC & DC power
M12 cable-mounted connector
The M12 Power family from binder delivers connectors that are suitable for both AC and DC power applications. The 814 and 824 series are suitable for power installations up to 630 V AC. The 814 series features S-coding and is available with 2 poles or 3 poles, plus a leading earth pin to provide electrical safety in AC applications. They are capable of currents up to 16 A, while the K-code 824 series features 4 poles and an earth contact (4+PE), capable of carrying 12 A.
For connectors intended for direct current, the 813 and 823 series are designed to provide 63 V power. The 813 series uses T-coding and is fitted with 4 contacts that can carry currents of up to 16 A. Its partner is the L-coded 823 series that offers an extra earth contact and is rated to currents of 12 A.
All members of binder’s M12 Power family share a number of key features. All are sealed to IP67, which means that they are protected against the moisture typically found on the factory floor. This makes them ideal for demanding industrial processes, while also providing solutions for connectors in a wide range of other exposed installations, from architectural lighting to security equipment.
Virtually all M12 installations will include a cable-mounted connector. The M12 Power family offers installers a range of choices to suit different requirements. For new equipment, designers can make extensive use of pre-made cables. These cables feature cable protection that is overmoulded directly onto theconnector to create a slim, sealed termination that is fully-tested and ready for use. This saves an enormous amount of time during installation and makes the task simpler.
Not all applications can make use of ready-made cables. Some installations take place in hard-to-reach locations, while others require repairs and maintenance to be carries out on a machine already in use. For these occasions, the M12 Power family from offers field wireable solutions. Using screw clamp connections, they can be installed in the field with common hand tools. This makes the M12 Power family ideal for maintenance personnel who must repair or reroute cables in-situ.
M12 panel-mounted connector
Panel mounting options
Alongside cable connectors, the M12 Power family includes a comprehensive range of panel-mounting connectors. These are used for equipment and bulkhead-mounting applications, and are available in wired and printed circuit board (dip solder) versions. Offering the same environmental protection as the cable-mounted connectors, these panel mounting solutions are ideal for providing power to the machines and equipment that must be installed on the factory floor.
The M12 Power family also features a range of control cabinet feed-throughs. These are panel-mounted, double ended connectors that allow the easy mating of cables from the modules in the control cabinet to the equipment installed in the field. They are available in the same range of coding options as the conventional connectors, adding a great deal of flexibility to installation.
There will sometimes be occasions on which designers cannot find the perfect solution. While the M12 Power family offers a range of options and contact arrangements, some applications require a mix of small, signal connections with the robustness of power contacts. Drawing upon its extensive expertise in providing customised solutions for custom applications, binder can design and manufacture custom M12 connectors. These combine different contact types to create a connector solution that is tailored to customers’ requirements, while taking advantage of the features and familiarity of the M12 family.
The M12 Power family from binder offers a comprehensive solution to the problem of providing power connectivity in harsh conditions. With features that are ideal for the factory automation industry and beyond, the M12 Power family delivers reliability and versatility, even in the most demanding applications.
Contact Details and Archive... | <urn:uuid:d96c0df7-0cf8-4ca8-be43-ebf9737c12c8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.epdtonthenet.net/article/191551/M12-connectors-power-industrial-applications.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.931387 | 1,186 | 1.890625 | 2 |
2020 joined 2016 on the highest step of the hottest years in the world, in the apotheosis of a decade of record temperatures which still testifies to “The emergency” to act against global warming, according to the European Copernicus Service on Climate Change (C3S).
The year 2020 ended 1.25 ° C above the pre-industrial period, just like 2016. But “It should be noted that 2020 equals the record of 2016 despite a cooling of La Niña”, insists the C3S service.
→ DEBATE. Climate: should we get used to temperature records in France?
While 2016, it was marked by a strong El Niño episode, a natural oceanic phenomenon that causes temperatures to rise. According to NASA and the World Weather Organization (WMO), El Niño would have contributed between 0.1 and 0.2 ° C to the global temperature of 2016.
0.2 degrees more per decade since the 1970s
“It’s pretty clear that in the absence of the impacts of El Niño and La Niña on temperature from year to year, 2020 would be the hottest year on record.”, assured Zeke Hausfather, climatologist at the Breakthrough Institute, noting that the world has gained 0.2 ° C per decade since the 1970s.
The WMO, which is due to publish consolidated figures shortly by combining data from several official agencies, said at the end of December that 2020 would rank among the three hottest years.
In Europe, marked by an exceptional heat wave, the year 2020 was largely the hottest, 0.4 ° C above 2019, and 1.6 ° C above the reference period 1981-2010 , more than 2.2 ° C above the pre-industrial period.
The hottest decade
This warming is already exceeding the objectives of the Paris Agreement. But these goals are for the entire planet and it is known that the lands are warming faster than the oceans and that some regions are warming much faster, such as the Arctic, where temperatures in 2020 were 6 ° C above the reference mean.
→ THE FACTS. Brazil’s forest fires at their highest in ten years
In this same arctic region, particularly in Siberia, the year was also marked by a season of forest fires. “Exceptionally dynamic”, releasing 244 megatonnes of CO2, i.e. “More than a third more than the 2019 record”.
Beyond a single isolated year, the 2015-2020 period is the hottest on record and the last decade (2011-2020) is also the hottest since the start of the industrial era.
Exceptional natural disasters
“It is no surprise that the past decade has been the hottest on record, and it reminds us once again of the urgency to ambitiously cut emissions in order to prevent adverse climate effects in the future.”, underlined in a press release Carlo Buontempo, director of C3S.
These harmful effects are already being felt across the planet, from melting sea ice to exceptional heat waves, through torrential precipitation or the last record hurricane season in the Caribbean. | <urn:uuid:24237575-7463-408d-b9fb-1aa6d44ba720> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tantalumforce.com/climate-2020-the-hottest-year-of-the-industrial-age | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.945571 | 655 | 3.203125 | 3 |
“I could not speak. I became unconscious. I could not open my mouth because then I smelled something terrible … I heard my daughter snoring in a terrible way, very abnormal…. When crossing to my daughter’s bed … I collapsed and fell … I wanted to speak, my breath would not come out…. My daughter was already dead.”
These are the words of Joseph Nkwain, who on August 21, 1986, survived one of the strangest natural disasters in history.
Lake Nyos Disaster
Known locally as “the Bad Lake,” Lake Nyos, located in the Northwest Region of Cameroon, Africa, carried a folklore of danger, and tales were spoken of an evil spirit which emerged from the lake to kill all those who lived near it. This legend contained the memory of a very real threat.
Lake Nyos was formed in a volcanic crater created as recently as 400 years ago. Crater lakes commonly have high levels of CO2 as they are formed by the volcanic activity happening miles beneath them. Under normal circumstances this gas is released over time as the lake water turns over.
But Lake Nyos was different: an unusually still lake, with little in the way of environmental agitation. Rather than releasing the gas, the lake was acting as a high-pressure storage unit. Its deep waters were becoming ever more loaded with gas until more than five gallons of CO2 were dissolved in every gallon of water. Pressurized to the physical limit, Lake Nyos was a time bomb.
On August 21, 1986, something in the lake went off. It is unknown what the trigger was – landslide, small volcanic eruption, or even something as small as cold rain falling on an edge of the lake. Whatever the cause, the result was catastrophic. In what is known as a Limnic Eruption, the lake literally exploded, sending a fountain of water over 300 feet into the air and creating a small tsunami. But far more deadly than the water was the gas.
Some 1.2 cubic kilometers of CO2 was released in roughly 20 seconds. This massive wave of deadly gas swept over the countryside. Villages near the lake had almost no chance of survival, and in nearby Nyos only six out of 800 survived. (Those who did survive mostly did so by quickly escaping to higher ground on motorcycles.) As the CO2 settled, every flame and fire was immediately extinguished, a sign of the doom descending all around Lake Nyos.
The cloud spread far and wide killing people who were as far as 25 km away from the lake. Nearby villagers who came out of their houses to find out what the sound they had heard was were overtaken by wafting clouds of gas and fell dead at their doorsteps. People taking naps were killed without their relatives even realizing anything had happened, as the gas settled on the ground with enough concentration to kill, but left those standing unaffected.
In all, 1,746 people were killed. The villages of Nyos, Kam, Cha, and Subum were all but wiped out and more than 3,500 livestock animals perished in a matter of minutes. The lake itself turned from a clear blue to a deep red, a change that was caused by iron churned up from the bottom, symbolic of the violence of the natural event.
Since this disastrous event, the lake has been monitored and a simple degassing solution put in place. A pipe has been installed in Lake Nyos that runs to the bottom of the lake and allows the gas to escape at a regular rate. Due to the pressurized nature of the gas, it creates a rather lovely CO2-powered fountain of water.
However, this may not be enough. The lake is once again at CO2 levels higher than in 1986 and a natural dam on the lake is in danger of failing. This would cause the double disaster of both flooding and gassing simultaneously.
Also worrisome is Lake Kivu, a lake over 1,000 times larger than Nyos and in a much more populous area. It has been shown to have a historical record of causing creatures in the lake to go extinct approximately every thousand years. Scientists believe that a volcanic disturbance could cause the same kind of event seen at Nyos but on a much, much larger scale. The question is when. | <urn:uuid:d4b0bcd0-3ea3-466c-b42c-9ed10f5f0310> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.quiet-corner.com/lake-nyos-deadliest-lake-world/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.985922 | 878 | 2.75 | 3 |
Genoa tourist attractionsThings to see and do in Genoa
Genoa (Genova in Italian) is a great destination for a city break, whether you want family fun or a cultural holiday. On this page is a run-down of Genoa's best tourist attractions. It's not exhaustive - there's lots more to do around the town - but it gives an idea of the city's wide-ranging appeal. I found Thomas Cook's Genoa (CitySpots) a small and handy companion on a weekend break, but Genoa's tourist information offices supply good booklets in English too. For up-to-date details on each attraction, including opening times, prices and location maps, use the right-hand-side links panel to visit their official websites.
For more general advice on Genoa, including combined museum tickets, public transport information and restaurant recommendations, see my Introduction to Genoa.
Waterfront - Porto Antico
Down by the rejuvenated Porto Antico (Old Port) are a number of attractions for all the family, including the Aquarium, which, along with the UNESCO listing, is Genoa's proudest attraction, and where visitors can admire sharks and dolphins up close. Nearby is the Bigo, a panoramic lift on a crane, designed by local star architect Renzo Piano. Most of the newer attractions here are expensive, but you can buy combined 'Acquario Village' tickets; expensive but worth doing if you want to visit several sights. The ticket also offers discounts in shops and cafes and a free ride on a mini-train which links the Aquarium-operated attractions. There's a useful tourist information kiosk by the Porto Antico where you can pick up information and book guided tours of the city centre; this is a good way of getting to know Genoa.
The Genoa aquarium (Acquario) is renowned throughout Italy and the town is very proud of the establishment, which is the largest in Europe. It is a genuinely interesting attraction to visit with fascinating living exhibits. Like most modern zoos, the aquarium has displays about endangered species and biodiversity, though this always sits rather uncomfortably with the reality of captive animals. However, if sea life is your thing (perhaps even if it isn't) you will enjoy a visit, and children should be held spellbound by the diving dolphins, the sharks up close and the chance to touch a fish. Some of the displays - such as jellyfish - are very stylishly presented and most offer the visitor good opportunities to view animals - penguins, sharks, dolphins - from different perspectives. A little hummingbird 'forest' is enclosed within the aquarium (extra charge unless you've already got a combined ticket). The aquarium is open every single day of the year. If you still haven't had enough wildlife, you can continue to the neighbouring Biosfera, a biosphere with a warm humid climate, jungle vegetation and more birds. This is only a small attraction, but I was charmed by the friendly parrot perched on the ticket-assistant's shoulder.
The Bigo is a panoramic lift (elevator) by the old harbour which offers views over Genoa and its waterfront. The lift was designed by Renzo Piano and modelled on a ship's crane. It's a striking touch of modernism and a good novelty activity, offering unaccustomed views of the city. There's an Italian commentary; and the circular glass-sided lift revolves to give everyone a full 360-degree panorama of Genoa. The Bigo doesn't operate every day in winter. The long extending arms of the Bigo structure also reach out to a covered pavilion area where there is a skating rink in winter and other events throughout the year.
Galata Museo del Mare
Galata 'Museum of the Sea' is a large maritime museum by the docks. It is a modern and really excellent museum and well worth visiting if you have time. The long circuit around ascending floors of the museum covers Genoa's maritime history, illustrated with period paintings of the busy dock developments, recreations of ships, historical exhibits and interactive installations. It is mostly geared for visiting Italians, but there are some English translations and it is easy to get the gist of the large-scale exhibits. These are good fun for adults and children alike: you can attempt to steer a boat through storms, or clamber across a deck and peer into the captain's cabin. The most inventive exhibition (until Easter 2010) is about emigration from Italy to the United States - visitors can pick up a passport, be interrogated by a videoed port official and then - best of all - explore the recreated corridors and cabins of a migrant-packed steamship. Don't miss the museum's wonderful panoramic rooftop terrace; a great spot for viewing the town, with guides for identifying buildings. From 2010 the museum also has another star attraction: a real submarine moored in the dock outside.
Regular ferries operate from the port to Pegli, along the coast past the airport, where you can visit museums and gardens. This boat service is part of Genoa's public transport network. There are also pleasure boat trips from the docks, which vary according to the season and demand. All year around you are likely to find short boat tours of Genoa's historic waterfront. In the summer there are also trips to some of Liguria's prettiest seaside resorts, and whale-watching excursions.
Other museums by the Porto Antico include the Città dei Bambini, a kind of advanced indoor playground with rooms for children of different ages where they can pretend to be giant ants, or experiment with cameras in a 'news studio'. As a free alternative there's a small children's playground near the Bigo. There is also an Antarctic Museum, the Museo Nazionale dell'Antartide, and even a pirate galleon (constructed for the Roman Polanski film Pirates). On weekends and holidays the waterfront area is alive with visiting families and tourists. Even in November I spotted the following tours: harbour boat excursions, a horse-drawn carriage ride, two mini-trains, an open-top minibus and novel Segue tours. If you spend much time around the Porto Antico you'll be digging deep into your pockets, but there should be enough to keep everyone entertained.
Among the modern attractions and smart redevelopments you'll also find some surviving traditions, like fishermen selling freshly-caught fish on stalls alongside the docks. There are places to eat and drink and sit, including a stylish bar, called Oltremodo, on the static ship beyond the aquarium. As well as winter ice-skating, there is also a summer outdoor swimming pool. In fact, you could quite easily spend an entire day sightseeing in the waterfront area without even penetrating into the mazes and elegant streets of Genoa.
Genoa's old town is a maze of narrow lanes, called caruggi, sloping up from the waterfront. Among the crowded streets are churches, grand palaces, street-corner shrines, run-down buildings, shops, bars, Genovese fast-food counters and galleries all co-existing, very disconcertingly, with the city's red-light district. Even in the daylight some of this area is visibly seedy, with prostitutes lurking down alleys, and although the dodginess rubs shoulders with respectable citizens and businesses, this adds an 'edge' to the historic centre. Most big ports have a disreputable side, but in Genoa the dodginess has been neither eradicated nor concealed from tourists; it sits right in the middle of the 'normal' city. This is more distasteful than dangerous, but you should carry your valuables securely. If you're visiting this area after dark, you'll be more comfortable if you stick to routes you already know. Hotel staff are a good source of up-to-date information on where to go - and where not to go - at night.
Cattedrale di San Lorenzo
The Cattedrale di San Lorenzo is Genoa's cathedral, located in a little square uphill from the Porto Antico. The imposing building was begun in a Romanesque style and subsequently given a Gothic make-over, followed by several more centuries of restorations and alterations, and the wide range of styles on display makes it a memorable sight. The exterior is striped and ornamented with columns in many decorative coloured marbles and the steps to the church are guarded by two photogenic stone lions. Just inside the main portal is a fourteenth-century Byzantine-style fresco. The ashes of John the Baptist (source of a miraculous quantity of relics) were worshipped in the Cappella di San Giovanni Battista, a lovely Renaissance side-chapel lined with elegant statues (take coins for illumination).
St. Laurence, to whom the cathedral is dedicated, is just one of Genoa's patron saints. Fittingly for a Republic run by bankers, Genoa maximised its chances by appointing four powerful patrons: St. Laurence, St. George, John the Baptist and St. Sebastian. St. Laurence and the grill on which he was martyred can be seen in a sculptural depiction over the main door.
Once you have viewed the cathedral you should visit its underground treasury, the Museo del Tesoro di San Lorenzo. Among the treasures on display are a bowl claimed to be the Holy Grail, a lovely Byzantine cross, a highly decorated coffer used to to carry the prized saintly ashes in procession around Genoa and a platter said to have been the one used to present John the Baptist's head.
Galleria Nazionale di Palazzo Spinola
As you pick your way through crowds, the old centre can appear run-down and shabby, but when you lift up your eyes and look around, it's clear that many of the buildings here are actually - or were once - very grand indeed. Palazzo Spinola is one of these elegant palazzi, right in the heart of the maze of lanes. The building dates to 1593, and passed through the hands of some of Genoa's leading aristocratic families. Nowadays it houses an art gallery with paintings, frescoes, ceramics and furniture.
The palace is interesting for the illustration it gives into patrician life in Genoa; the opulent style of living and art-collecting of the city's noble families. Especially on the upper floors, where there were living quarters and a kitchen (safer than the ground floor, given the risk of fire), and where you can glimpse the windows of other neighbouring buildings, you can get a sense of how the most privileged of Genoa's population would have lived. This is given added piquancy by the gloomy alleys, bustling lanes, trading and prostitution going on nearby as it presumably has done throughout the palace's history.
There are other notable churches in the historic centre. San Matteo is a pretty little church with a striped façade; San Donato is a very attractive parish church dating to the eleventh century and containing some good artworks. The Chiesa di San Siro, not far from Palazzo Spinola, is of considerable historical importance. It was Genoa's cathedral up until the ninth century, when that role shifted to San Lorenzo, which was considered to be in a safer location. The present building dates to the 16th century, and was restored after the Second World War bombing which damaged much of the town centre. The most unusual church is San Pietro in Bianchi, in Piazza Banchi, one of the nicest little squares in the centro storico. The church is built on top of shops, and was financed by their ground rent: a novel solution befitting a mercantile city.
A good lane for an afternoon passeggiata and shopping is Via Luccoli which continues into Via Soziglia. Here you'll find little clothes boutiques, cafes including a grand old pasticceria, posh chocolate shops and lots of homewares. For antiques, take a turn up Vico del Fieno - or for really impressive surroundings visit the Galleria Imperiale (photo, right) in Piazza Campetto, where furniture and display cases are crowded beneath Renaissance decor.
Some of the nicest places to eat and drink in Genoa are within the picturesque lanes and little squares of the historic centre, including the wine-cellar restaurant I Tre Merli and the lively 'drinking square' Piazza delle Erbe - see my Introduction to Genoa for recommendations.
Rather confusingly, Genoa's 'New Town' is no longer new at all. During the 16th and 17th centuries, town-planners built spacious elegant streets just above the crowded old town. Subsequently Genoa has expanded up the steep slopes and along the coast around the original harbour area. The 16th and 17th-century areas are a calm contrast to the narrow lanes of the old town and commerce of the Porto Antico. Via Garibaldi (originally called Strada Nuova) is the highlight of the New Town and is a sedate tourist thoroughfare. The other streets of the centre have the disadvantage of traffic but the advantages of public transport and a more familiar city centre feel, with high street shops, a theatre and museums.
Genoa's prized UNESCO World Heritage listing is for this early example of town-planning, and for the 'Palazzi dei Rolli'. These buildings were part of a scheme where the resident noble families, would be responsible for hosting visiting foreign dignitaries. Most of these palaces can only be viewed from the outside, though three on the narrow, palace-lined Via Garibaldi, are now art galleries.
Musei di Strada Nuova
The Aquarium is the big catch-all tourist attraction of Genoa, but the most important destination for art-lovers is the string of three palaces on Via Garibaldi grouped together as the Musei di Strada Nuova. In Italy the word palazzo is not quite equivalent to palace: it can refer to any large building. The Genoa palazzi, though, are grand enough to lay claim to the English translation.
There's a shop and ticket office on Via Garibaldi where you buy a combined ticket for the three palaces. Palazzo Rosso is the first, with a collection of art including family portraits by Van Dyck. Like many of Genoa's historic buildings, the Palazzo Rosso was damaged by bombing in the Second World War, and rebuilt to its original plan. Don't miss the top floor 'flat' (which makes you want to live there) and the lift up to a tiny roof terrace with an amazing view - and try not to be distracted by the plentiful staff, who seem bossy and very keen that visitors should follow the 'correct' (though not clearly indicated) route around the museums. Palazzo Bianco is a serious art gallery with some fine works including a Crucifixion by Filippino Lippi and paintings by Rubens, Caravaggio, Veronese and Ligurian artists. Visitors will find their own favourites among the excellently displayed paintings; mine were some lovely female saints by Spaniard Francisco Zurburán, who seems to have been primarily interested in the fabrics of their gowns. If you are interested in textiles, ask the way to the DVJ (Damasco Velluto Jeans) exhibition and study centre, a collection of historic fabrics. A garden terrace connects Palazzo Bianco with Palazzo Tursi, now the town hall. Here you can see Paganini's violin 'il Cannone' and collections of ceramics and coins.
You'll probably want refreshments after all the art-concentration. There's a good choice of cafes on Via Garibaldi, some with tables outside. I ate in the Caffe dei Musei, a modern-design cafe offering cheap light lunches (I enjoyed pennette alla Norma for €4.50).
Just uphill from the cathedral, this monumental building was the palace of the Doge of Genoa, the city's ruler. Nowadays it houses exhibitions and events; there is usually an interesting choice of things to see, from free photography exhibitions to major art shows. There is a Jazz Museum and even a 'Poetry room'. If you're looking for entertainment or just a place to get out of the rain, you'll probably find something to look at in the Palazzo Ducale. A full list of events is published on the official website (see links panel).
One side of the palazzo opens on Piazza de Ferrari; the main, 18th-century, façade is in Piazza Matteotti, decorated by stone figures in chains which represent the vanquished opponents of mighty Genoa. The origins of the building lie back as far as the 13th and 14th centuries, but it was altered, amplified and added-to up until the twentieth century. Some of the public areas can be visited, and there are organised tours of the building's historic tower and prisons.
The Palazzo Reale ('Royal Palace') is on Via Balbi, one of the straight palazzo-lined streets of the New Town. Running from the railway station Stazione Principe towards the heart of town, this is a useful artery for tourists. From the 1820s the Palazzo Reale was the Genoa residence of the Savoia (Savoy) dynasty, who later became the monarchs of a united Italy. The former Republic of Genoa was by then part of their kingdom.
The building's most famous hall is the Galleria degli Specchi, the hall of mirrors; the building also contains an art collection. The palace doesn't boast paintings quite on a par with the Strada Nuova galleries, but it's a fairly interesting glimpse into the regal pomp and grandeur which Italy's future royal family favoured, perhaps also providing some suggestions as to why Italy's monarchy didn't last.
Another palace to visit is the Palazzo del Principe (also called Villa del Principe), between Stazione Principe and the waterfront. The location is now overpowered by modern transport, but this was a grand residence built for Andrea Doria in around 1530, with frescoes, paintings, tapestries and a formal garden (seasonal opening). At the far side of the city centre is Genoa's most imposing modern square, Piazza De Ferrari, by the Ducal Palace and just beyond the Old Town's historic lanes. Commuters pile on and off buses, a giant fountain plays and residents gather to meet friends or go about their daily business. The city's grandest theatre, the Teatro Carlo Felice is to be found here; this is the place to see opera and ballet in Genoa. Alongside the theatre is an elegant old-fashioned shopping gallery. One of Genoa's grandest churches is also close by the piazza: the Chiesa del Gesù, decorated in Baroque style and boasting among its artworks two paintings by Rubens. Two major shopping streets branch out from the piazza; Via Roma for expensive fashions and designer names, and Via XX Settembre for a more 'high-street' experience.
More things to do
Castello D'Albertis is a late-19th-century residence which is a great monument to eccentricity - and also an interesting ethnographical museum. Part of the fun is getting there: you take a novel public lift which travels first horizontally then vertically to reach the heights on which the castle was built. The lift is called the Ascensore Montegalletto and departs from the end of Via Balbi (there are some good clips of it on Youtube). Captain D'Albertis was a wealthy sea-going writer-traveller-adventurer-collector-sundial designer. Inside the neo-Gothic castle you can tour the rooms decorated by D'Albertis, where frescoes and trophies recall his voyages and a statue on the terrace of a young Columbus pays homage to his hero. It's all pleasantly egocentric stuff. The most eccentric touch is a tiny room named 'La cabina del Capitano', fitted out like a ship's cabin with views over Genoa, where visitors can imagine the captain lost in fantasies of sailing his castle-ship over the city and out to sea. The modernised museum section of the castle - Museo delle Culture del Mondo (Museum of World Cultures) - is less idiosyncratic, but contains good displays of pre-Columbian artefacts and Native American exhibits.
Boccadasse is a seaside suburb just outside central Genoa which is a popular excursion for a pleasant stroll, meal or evening out. Despite its proximity to the city, this still has the appeal of a typical Ligurian fishing village. Boccadasse can be reached by bus from the centre of Genoa.
Genoa's strikingly tall and thin 16th-century lighthouse, is an emblem of the city. It can be reached on foot from Via Milano. Around the lighthouse is a redeveloped complex open to the public including a small park and a promenade.
Out in the suburb of Pegli, Villa Durazzo-Pallavicini contains an archaeological museum and has a pretty landscaped garden ornamented with sculptures and water features; there's also a naval museum close by. Pegli can be reached using ferry services from the Porto Antico. Back in the centre of Genoa, other museums include exhibitions dedicated to oriental art, to Italy's Risorgimento, to natural history, to contemporary art, to modern art and more.
You can tour the city centre on foot, though the integrated public transport system can be useful at times - and fun too, when you're catching lifts, boats and funiculars. For sightseeing it will definitely be most convenient to stay in a central hotel. Here is my selection of places to stay: Genoa hotels. | <urn:uuid:1712168a-1c17-412e-88a1-958ffad60383> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.italyheaven.co.uk/liguria/genoa-tourist.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00343-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951489 | 4,634 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Purpose – This study sets out to establish experiential knowledge profiles of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) entering emerging markets and to examine how the different abilities contained in these profiles impact the sustainability of market positions in the new turbulent era of global business.
Methodology – We analyse a sample of 203 entries into emerging markets by Swedish SMEs. The data collected on site at all sample firms is analysed in two sequential stages. First, an exploratory factor analysis is performed to derive four types of experiential knowledge. Second, a cluster analysis is performed to establish experiential knowledge profiles among the entering SMEs.
Findings – The result of the analysis shows that experiential knowledge is a multi-dimensional construct consisting of four main types. Moreover, emerging market entering SMEs are shown to develop different knowledge profiles. We suggest that Masters are well prepared for such periods. Learners most probably will experience high levels of uncertainty, whereas Country and Customer Experts face less uncertainty due to their specialisation on either host market or customer knowledge.
Originality – The chapter shows that the experiential knowledge base of emerging market entering SMEs is an important indicator of the readiness for turbulent times. Firms will be able to sustain market positions differently depending on which type of knowledge profile they belong to.
Hilmersson, M., Jansson, H. and Sandberg, S. (2011), "Chapter 4 Experiential Knowledge Profiles of Internationalising SMEs – The Ability to Sustain Market Positions in the New Turbulent Era of Global Business", Verbeke, A., Tavares-Lehmann, A.T. and Van Tulder, R. (Ed.) Entrepreneurship in the Global Firm (Progress in International Business Research, Vol. 6), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. 77-96. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1745-8862(2011)0000006007
Emerald Group Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2011, Emerald Group Publishing Limited | <urn:uuid:8a34951a-a016-4bd6-861b-85cb63f64b2d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/S1745-8862(2011)0000006007/full/html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.866162 | 431 | 1.742188 | 2 |
We think of those who love fine food and trying new dishes as being indulgent and even gluttonous, yet a new study suggests the opposite: Foodies weigh less and could be in better health than the less adventurous among us.
They were asked about their weight satisfaction, lifestyle and personality traits and the research team provided a list of 16 novel foods and asked them to report which ones they had tried.
Those who had sampled nine or more of the foods on the list were considered "foodies" in the study and the rest were considered non-adventurous eaters.
The research team adjusted the data to draw on possible associations between adventurous eating, BMI and body image.
Those who said they noshed on staples seldom seen in the US such as seitan, beef tongue, Kimchi and rabbit also described themselves as more concerned with healthfulness of what they ate than did those who stuck to traditional fare.
Foodies were also more physically active and their overall diets appeared healthier to the research team than those of their counterparts.
"They also reported being much more likely to have friends over for dinner," says lead author Lara Latimer, PhD, formerly at the Cornell Food and Brand Lab and now at the University of Texas.
What's more they were likely to prepare meals that corresponded to their heritage and had a slightly lower BMIs than their counterparts.
Weight satisfaction, however, was not associated with adventurous eating.
"These findings are important to dieters because they show that promoting adventurous eating may provide a way for people — especially women — to lose or maintain weight without feeling restricted by a strict diet," says coauthor Brian Wansink, author of "Slim by Design: Mindless Eating Solutions for Everyday Life."
Wansink, whose study is forthcoming in the journal Obesity, advises dieters everywhere to part ways with that boring salad and nosh on something new.
"It could kick start a more novel, fun and healthy life of food adventure," he says. | <urn:uuid:73fd9e19-4810-45f3-89d3-8861778c96b1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.egyptindependent.com/foodies-could-be-healthiest-among-us-study/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.987854 | 408 | 1.898438 | 2 |
We were thrilled to find a sophisticated review of Empty Fridge in the Wall Street Journal.
Here’s an extract …
It is not extreme weather but lack of food that presents the central problem in “Empty Fridge”… a picture book for younger children by French illustrator Gaetan Doremus. In the modern apartment building that M. Doremus depicts with delicate black lines and splashes of color, people have become so involved with their daily activities—chatting on the phone and “playing music non-stop”—that they have failed to provision for themselves. Come suppertime, Andrew has just three carrots, Nabil has two eggs and a bit of cheese, and Claire, on the third floor, has only some tomatoes.
As in the old folk tale “Stone Soup,” the solution lies in a kind of cheerful collectivism—voluntary, mind you—that brings neighbors together with their edible oddments to conjure a meal that will feed everyone. Given that the author-illustrator is a Frenchman, it is perhaps no surprise that the resulting fusion food is a colorful quiche. “Slices of quiche, slices of life,” we read, as the quiche fad spreads from the building across the whole city. “It’s such a pleasant and refreshing thing to do,” this sharing of food, that “people find themselves asking: ‘Why don’t we do this every day?’ “
– by Meghan Cox Gurdon. A version of this article appeared June 1, 2013, on page C6 in the U.S. edition of The Wall Street Journal, with the headline: Droughts And Squalls. | <urn:uuid:4aa3ad9f-498c-4fe0-ba84-feede462cbd2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wilkinsfarago.com.au/wall-street-journal-droughts-and-squalls/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.964698 | 366 | 1.867188 | 2 |
WASHINGTON, Oct. 17 -- The Federal Communicatins Commission (FCC) adopted rules yesterday to promote the development of a technology described as the wireless equivalent of fiber optic cables.
The wireless technology, which is still under development, uses broadcast in narrow beams that avoid interference problems, said John Muleta, chief of the FCC's wireless bureau, in an Associated Press article. He said the technology could send large amounts of information between buildings -- on college campuses, for example -- ithout the need to dig up streets to lay cables, the AP reported.
The technology would operate in a large section of airwaves originally set aside for government use.
"These bands are well-suited for licensees to offer a broad range of innovative products and services, including high-speed, point-to-point wireless local area networks, and broadband Internet access," the FCC said. "The rules adopted today represent a creative solution to spectrum access, and will enable new companies to join and compete in the larger market for broadband services."
FCC Chairman Michael Powell told the AP companies may eventually use this technology to compete with high-speed Internet services such as cable modems and broadband over phone lines.
The FCC plans to issue nationwide licenses to companies seeking to deploy the new service.
The agency also adopted licensing and technical rules to promote the next generation of cell phones and wireless devices that provide faster Internet access and transmit video. | <urn:uuid:d331cff7-7dc2-434b-8397-6b4211ec5bab> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.photonics.com/Article.aspx?AID=17301 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00348-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945126 | 291 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Access to Training
The Conner Training Connection uses training, education, and technical assistance to promote a system of individualized supports that will assist Iowans with developmental disabilities to live as fully participating members of their communities. The goal of this web site is to advertise and encourage training and education to build supportive, inclusive communities for Iowans with disabilities.
Accessible Home and Workplaces through Universal Design
The Accessible Home and Workplaces through Universal Design initiative developed five online training modules to increase awareness of universal design concepts for home and workplace modifications. These modules are available online at no cost here.
Autism Internet Modules
Autism Internet Modules (AIM) is a free resource for families and for professionals looking for information on evidence-based treatments and topics related to autism spectrum disorder. This website contains 37 modules that are divided into 5 topic areas. Examples of modules include: functional interventions, structured teaching, task analysis, visual supports, social skills groups, preparing for the workforce, supporting successful completion of homework, and much more. Access these modules here.
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Job Accommodation Network
The Job Accommodation Network (JAN) Accessible Modules on Workplace Accommodations currently has two video modules available. "The ADA Amendments Act" provides information on the law and uses real-life examples from the JAN case study library. "JAN's Interactive Process" provides suggestions for effectively managing workplace accommodations. Both units consist of a video, transcript and corresponding handout. Access these modules here.
Life Course Perspective, Practice, and Leadership
Free online course from UC Berkeley Public Health
The Maternal, Child, and Adolescent Health (MCAH) Life Course Perspective, Practice, & Leadership course is designed to provide an understanding of life course perspective, its practical applications, and related leadership opportunities. The life course perspective is a conceptual framework for understanding health trajectories of populations over time. The life course perspective posits that broad social, economic, and environmental factors not only shape health and contribute to health outcomes but are also the underlying causes of inequities in a wide range of maternal and child health outcomes. Learn more and enroll here.
Mental Health First Aid: Find a Course
This site is intended to make mental health first aid as common as CPR. Enter a city near you where you would like to take the training and expand your search to include other communities by specifying the distance you are willing to travel for a class. The results will show multiple training sites within the radius you select. If classes are full, the website will tell you so; if not, click on a training and follow the directions to sign up. Find a Course.
Pathways to Independence
Pathways to Independence is a production of the Nebraska Commission for the Blind and Visually Impaired. This video training series covers skills that older blind and visually impaired individuals use to remain independent in their homes and communities. The videos can be used by individuals to learn techniques, by rehab counselors to teach techniques, by agencies for staff training, and in general for public information. The videos can be watched online.
VCU Autism Center for Excellence
A self-paced online course entitled, My Child was Just Identified with an Autism Spectrum Disorder: Now What Do I Do?, is available on the Virginia Commonwealth University Autism Center for Excellence website. Designed especially for parents who have young children recently diagnosed with autism, the content presents comprehensive strategies to support the child. See details.
Video Captioning Essential
The Commission of Deaf, Deaf/Blind and Hard of Hearing Minnesotans recently launched an online self-study course that teaches basic concepts needed to make informed decisions on what tools and resources to use when captioning web-videos. This free course is designed for anyone responsible for managing organizational website content. Learn more about Video Captioning Essentials.
Please visit our interactive calendar to find trainings on disability-related topics, including autism, brain injury, mental health, self-advocacy and transition. We invite you to share trainings with us and others using the "Add Event" button on this calendar.
Please visit our Contact Us page on this website for more information or support. | <urn:uuid:6fea39ee-3745-40a9-8843-e4edd3360e3e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.disabilitytraining.org/resources/training-sources/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.919038 | 940 | 2.4375 | 2 |
Exercise (yeah, I'm throwing in the exercise card) not Keto Primal Review only burns calories and builds muscle that burns more calories, but it relaxes you. Exercise is a great stress-reliever. When it comes to the subject of weight loss UK Health Public Health Minister, Anne Milton, has a no-nonsense attitude to a problem which is causing such an increasing strain on medical resources in Britain.
Ms Milton's idea is that if British health providers in the National Health Service forget about political correctness and called their overweight patients "fat" instead of "obese", maybe it would spur (or shame?) more people to lose weight. In an interview with the BBC in July 2010, Anne Milton suggested the term "fat" was more likely to motivate people into losing weight and stressed the importance of people taking personal responsibility for their lifestyles. Confirming that she was speaking from a purely personal point of view, Ms Milton said: "If I look in the mirror and think I am obese I think I am less worried (than) if I think I am fat."
Naturally, these comments have not gone down well with the health experts who say that the word "fat" could stigmatize those who are overweight. But this fails to address what is fast becoming a major crisis in the uk, where sedentary western culture and the availability and inexpensiveness of foods high in calories and low in nutrition is creating an epidemic of obesity.
At the latest figures, approximately 46% of men in England and 32% of women are overweight (BMI of 25-30 kg/m2), and an additional 17% of men and 21% of women are obese (BMI of more than 30 kg/m2 ). Also, overweight and obesity increase with age - about 28% of English men and 27% of women aged 16-24 are overweight or obese but this rises to 76% of men and 68% of women aged 55-64. And the trends are increasing - the percentage of adults who are obese has approximately doubled since the mid-1980's. | <urn:uuid:870f0f78-5dcb-476a-a19a-f4cfe3c9f0db> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://community.vanguardngr.com/profiles/blogs/learn-about-eca-30-products | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.97234 | 429 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Förderverein Informationstechnik und Gesellschaft
CORDIS RTD-NEWS/c European Communities, 1998
Record Control Number : 12389 Date : 1999-03-08
Category : Miscellaneous
General Information :
Access to documents related to environmental assessment is possible through the European Commission, Directorate-General XI, website at:
The following information is available:
- Environmental assessment: EIA - legal context: - - Access to the full text of the EIA Directive in all languages; - - Link to other relevant legislation, law cases and the Aarhus convention; - Environmental assessment: SEA - legal context: - -Access to the full text of the SEA-proposal in all languages; - - The amended SEA-Proposals (English, all languages); - - Link to Aarhus Convention and Amsterdam Treaty; - Environmental Assessment: EIA studies, reports and guidance: - - Summary of report on IMPEL report on interrelation between EIA, IPPC, SEVESO Directives and EMAS Regulation; - - Full text of the study on the evaluation of the performance of the EIA process; - Full text of the update of the five-year EIA Report; - - Full text without figures of EIA-guidance on screening; - - Full text without figures of EIA-guidance on scoping; - - Full text of EIA review check list; - - Information on ongoing studies; - Environmental assessment: SEA studies, reports and guidance: - - Summary of SEA study on existing methodology; - - Summary of SEA workshop report, Potsdam, Germany; - - Full text of SEA workshop report, Semmering, Austria; - - Summary - full text (part 1, part 2, part 2, annexes) of handbook on environmental assessment on regional development plans and EU structural funds programmes; - Information on ongoing studies and planned calls for proposals.
A list of useful contacts in the field of environmental assessment will also be available from this page in the near future.
Data Source Provider : European Commission, Directorate General XI
Document Reference : 'What's New?' on DG XI's website
Subject Index Codes : Environmental Protection; Scientific Research; Information, Media | <urn:uuid:b1ebc400-29e7-4e76-97a6-a95bbd3c5ed6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fitug.de/news/newsticker/old/1999/newsticker080399204717.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.777104 | 504 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Inherited mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes lead to significantly increased cancer risks (up to 66% and 46% for lifetime breast and ovarian cancer risks, respectively). And, inherited BRCA1/2 mutations are common, with an estimated population frequency of 1:500 to 1:1000, or 300,000 to 600,000 Americans. Prophylactic surgery and surveillance can reduce cancer risk or enhance early detection in mutation carriers, thereby improving survival up to 24%. Thus, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network now recommends that BRCA1/2 mutation carriers consider prophylactic surgery or have regular surveillance via mammography, breast MRI, pelvic ultrasound and CA-125 testing. There are compelling public health and clinical reasons for determining whether mutation carriers are adherent to these recommendations. Hundreds of thousands of Americans may have a BRCA1/2 mutation, for which available risk management can greatly reduce cancer risk and improve survival. Further, a clear understanding of adherence and factors associated with it could significantly impact genetic counseling practice. Available research on the performance of risk management behaviors among unaffected carriers sheds little light on adherence to current guidelines, which have changed considerably since the advent of BRCA1/2 testing. Thus, there is a clear need for studies that assess adherence to current risk management guidelines. Such studies must also determine why mutation carriers are or are not adherent -- essential information for developing interventions to improve adherence. We propose to assess adherence to recommended breast and ovarian cancer risk management among BRCA1/2 mutation carriers who have had neither breast nor ovarian cancer and who had genetic counseling at Duke Hereditary Cancer Clinic or The University of North Carolina Cancer and Adult Genetics Program. Query of these clinics'databases shows approximately 210 women who meet these criteria and have known their mutation status for at least one year (mean time since results receipt=5.1 years). We will use a cross-sectional, single-group design with data collection via telephone survey to: 1) determine the extent to which participants are adherent to current breast and ovarian cancer risk management recommendations for women with a BRCA1/2 mutation;2) determine which patient characteristics and beliefs are associated with adherence to recommended risk management;and 3) assess reasons for adherence and non-adherence to recommended risk management. We will use an opt-out strategy, with initial contact made by the clinicians in participating clinics. The NCI's Cancer Genetics Network will provide the software and statistician for data collection, management and analysis. By determining which factors are associated with adherence (e.g., perceived risk and self-efficacy) and reasons participants are or are not adherent (i.e., perceived benefits and barriers), this study will gain the necessary preliminary data to design a theoretically informed intervention to improve adherence among unaffected BRCA1/2 mutation carriers.
Identifying unaffected carriers of BRCA1/2 mutations can lead to substantial reductions in breast and ovarian cancer risk in the hundreds of thousands of Americans estimated to have a mutation. Yet, it is unclear whether unaffected carriers are adherent to current guidelines for managing cancer risk via such behaviors as prophylactic surgery and cancer surveillance. By gathering data on adherence to recommended risk management and factors associated with adherence in a clinic-based population, the proposed study will provide the necessary first step in developing a Health Belief Model-based intervention to improve adherence, thereby increasing the likelihood that the public health benefits of identifying mutation carriers will be realized. | <urn:uuid:bd52bee7-4c56-443d-9a09-3adbd8c02114> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R03-CA157212-02 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00228-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.926347 | 704 | 1.976563 | 2 |
The UN Secretary-General just tweeted out an announcement that 250,000 protective face masks were just located. Just located? That’s after months of the coronavirus spreading all over the world and medical personnel desperately in need of masks?
Did the United Nations cough up these masks because Attorney General Bill Barr threatened hoarders of masks and other medical needs with prosecution?
“I’m pleased to announce, with US Ambassador to the UN Kelly Craft, the donation to the USA of 250,000 protective face masks, just located in storage at the UN. These masks will be given to medical professionals in NYC working courageously & tirelessly in response to #COVID19″
Just located? What were they lost for the past few weeks? https://t.co/3zczEXLaVd
— JJ Truth (@1Romans58) March 28, 2020
What else does the United Nations have that they could help with? | <urn:uuid:8b4138b8-c75f-4fdc-aa6e-5a1e1e6a0b66> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://100percentfedup.com/un-secretary-general-announces-just-located-in-storage-250k-face-masks-just-located/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.966637 | 194 | 1.625 | 2 |
Steven Waltz, the respected Political Scientist, published the lead cover article in the latest issue of the magazine, Foreign Affairs called: “Why Iran Should Get the Bomb.” Waltz joins public intellectuals, such as Fareed Zakaria and James Fallows, who make the false argument that Iran having the bomb will lead to more stability and not less. They give the example of the successful navigation of the Cold War by the US and the Soviet Union, without a shot being fired. They further cite the fact that India and Pakistan have not gotten into a conventional war now that they both have the bomb. Based on those precedents Waltz and the others make the argument that the same will happen when Iran gets the bomb. They argue that Iran is a rational actor, and thus will act in the same way as the Soviets and the Pakistanis have. This is a very dangerous argument to make. We must do all we can to make sure that this line of thinking does not gain additional adherents.
The line of reasoning in Waltz’s article is false for the following reasons:
1. There is no other theocratic nation that has the bomb. As such, we are entering unknown territory when it comes to evaluating Iran’s degree of rationality.
2. Israel and Iran have no direct disputes. Therefore, the attacks Iran has leveled against Israel, whether verbally or through their support of Hezbollah and Hamas, are based on reasons that defy the actions of a conventional, ‘rational’ state.
3. No other state that has had the bomb has ever called for the elimination of another nation.
4. Antisemitism itself is not rational, and thus, cannot be understood with the usual ‘rational’ geopolitical concerns.
Iran is the only nation on earth run by a theocratic leadership (as opposed to being influenced by religious elements). Not since the reformation have we experienced countries run by theocracies– and there were certainly no nuclear weapons involved in the hundred year war. Had nuclear weapons been available at that time, who knows what the outcome would have been. It’s true that the theocratic leadership has generally been rational when it comes to maintaining their own control. However, they have, at times, acted in ways that would seem less than rational (e.g. their attacking the US Embassy and holding hostages at the start of their rule, or even more recently the attack on the British Embassy.) Finally, there are no clear indications on how the leadership of Iran will act if it comes down to, what they perceive as, a religious imperative that might negatively impact their rule. We can hope that they will act rationally and not attack Israel. Ultimately, we have no way of knowing for sure.
Israel and Iran have no inherent rational disputes between them. They share no common border. They have no commercial or other disputes that should lead to any animosity between the two countries. Despite this fact, the Iranians have been actively supporting and encouraging Israel’s enemies– Hezbollah and Hamas– as well as making belligerent statements against Israel. These actions alone shows that Iran’s decisions are not based on the normal rational decision-making of a nation state.
One of the unique characteristics of the Iranian regime is their constant call for the destruction of Israel. They have repeatedly called for the elimination of Israel. Regarding Israel, Iranian President Ahmadinejad recently stated: “But whether they want it or not, with God’s grace, this regime will be annihilated and Palestinians and other regional nations will be rid of its bad omen.” Sadly, this is but one of a stream of similar statements made by the Iranian regime in the past years. The Arab-Israeli conflict is unique, in that it is the only conflict since the creation of the United Nations in which one group of member states has called for the destruction of another. In the past 15 years however, the nations of the Arab world (many of whom have been in declared state of war with Israel), have ceased to call for its destruction. At the same time, one nation who has never been at war with Israel, namely Iran, has continually been calling for Israel’s swift demise.
Never before in history has a nuclear power ever called for the destruction of another state. India and Pakistan have animosity, and border disputes. However, neither India, nor Pakistan have ever called for the destruction of their rival. The same is true of the dispute between the US and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. These two countries were rivals trying to increase their leverage and gain supporters around the world. These two countries were promoting competing economic visions. Yet, they never called for the destruction of their rival’s country. Even in the case of the most belligerent regime (i.e. North Korea), would be happy to occupy their rival, South Korea. Still they have never threatened to physically annihilate South Korea. Should we take the Iranians at their word? Many say it is only rhetoric. However the Jewish people have learned, the hard way, during their long history to take threats against them seriously.
Which brings me to my last point, anti-Semitism in not rational.
One can say that any hatred of another people is not rational. However, anti-Semitism has long outlived any other form of national hatred. This past century, of course, saw the greatest anti-semitic event in world history, the Holocaust. This systematic annihilation of European Jewry was also one of the least rational acts for Germany to undertake. Some scholars have recently put forth the theory that Hitler, in fact, went to war in order to bring about the destruction of the Jewish people. Clearly not a rational act for Germany. Though even if you do not believe this theory, the other actions Hitler took in pursuit of his goal of destroying the Jews was constantly at odds with Hitler’s goal of winning the war. From his early pursuit of Jewish intellectuals, which resulted in some of the brightest German scientists fleeing, to the use of vital war transports to carry Jews to their deaths. Even as the war was turning against the Germans and transports were desperately needed for war material, the Nazis continued to use the trains to move Jews to the death camps. The Jewish people have learned that anti-Semitism is not rational. In that time, they did not pay attention to the ravings of a minor German political figure named Adolf Hitler when he wrote “Mein Kamp”, and called for the destruction of the Jews.
Today, now 66 years after the end of World War II, the titular head of a nation state has called for the destruction of the Jews of Israel, and that nation state is on the verge of acquiring nuclear weapons that could clearly accomplish that task. It would seem reckless indeed for the Jewish state to rely on the supposed ‘rationality’ of the Iranian leadership not to use said weapons to destroy us.
Lastly, I believe the views of Waltz and others who share his outlook are dangerous. For if their views do spread, then the world will be able to ignore the very real threat that a nuclear armed Iran possesses– especially for Israel, but to other states as well. Will be able to say, as it has claimed of tyrants in the past, they would never really do what they say they are going to do. As the Jewish people have sadly learned in the past, just because attacking or killing Jews seems irrational to most people, that does not mean it will not happen.
This is not to say that I am in favor of a unilateral Israeli strike. I question our capability to do more than delay the Iranian nuclear program. Only the US has the military capability to deny the Iranians their nuclear weapons over the long haul. Last week Secretary of State Hilary Clinton appeared, together with Former Secretary of State Baker on the Charlie Rose Show. There, Baker made it clear that, in his opinion, Israel should not attack. However, if the Iranians did not give up their attempt to build the bomb, the United States must use its military forces to stop them. Secretary of State Clinton only generally agreed with Baker. Then replied: “hopefully we will not get there”.
Barring US military intervention, I believe strongly in a massive increase in our defensive capabilities something I have written about before, so that we are not powerless to effectively defend against any attack. Let’s hope that America acts decisively if diplomacy and sanction fail as is likely. Unfortunately articles like that of Waltz, if they are widely accepted make that action less likely. | <urn:uuid:bf88fdf1-7c9d-489f-9100-990434fcb7b4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blogs.timesofisrael.com/a-dangerous-misconception-of-iran-shared-by-steven-waltz-fareed-zakaria-and-james-fallow/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00173-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97623 | 1,753 | 2.203125 | 2 |
By Economic Development Research Group, on a team with Canadian firm CPCS Transcom Limited for the National Cooperative Freight Research Program (Project 35, Report 17).
EDR Group assessed the economic impact of freight movement on the Great Lakes to both the US and Canadian economies. The project team included University of Toledo, Prime Focus LLC, Sustainable Ports, and Richard Stewart of the Great Lakes Maritime Research Institute. The project includes an analysis of the jobs, earnings and output by US and Canadian industry for key states and trade centers served both directly and indirectly by Great Lakes ports. The project assessed not only water but also truck and rail carried commodities whose markets are sensitive to trans-border US-Canada trade across the Great Lakes. | <urn:uuid:ed0f48c8-ac67-4cdb-b31c-ea7c27605cb2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.edrgroup.com/library/freight/multimodal-freight-transportation-within-the-great-lakes-saint-lawrence-basin.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00321-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.925592 | 144 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Big bluffs, mighty rivers, the largest state park and one giant bird—you'll find them all along the Sam Vadalabene Great River Road Bike Trail. This unique rail-trail starts in the 8,050-acre Pere Marquette State Park (named for the first European to step on Illinois soil) and follows the Illinois River to its confluence with the Mississippi River. The enormous state park (the largest in Illinois) has a rich history and limitless sights, from Native American burial mounds to educational displays to lookouts with sweeping river views. It is best known, however, for its vivid fall foliage and a winter population of the majestic bald eagle.
Shortly after the park, the trail travels over a series of short but fairly steep hills and gullies. Once back on level terrain, it comes to an impressive monument to the arrival of Marquette and Joliet in 1673. Around mile 5, you enter the town of Grafton, where the trail crosses the road and starts its run right along the riverbank of the confluence of the Mississippi and Illinois rivers. Across the river sits the state of Missouri. This is a beautiful 1-mile stretch with turtles, herons and a plethora of waterfowl. Soon the trail veers off the rail corridor and passes by the marina and ferry landing along the quiet riverfront streets of Grafton. All the great shops and restaurants of Main Street are just a one-block walk off the trail.
For its first and last several miles, the trail follows close to—even right alongside—IL Highway 100 and the Meeting of the Great Rivers National Scenic Byway. At the east end of downtown Grafton, the trail merges directly with the roadway, traveling along a 3- to 4-foot-wide painted bike lane that parallels the river, offering excellent water views. Traffic moves fast on this stretch, but the bike lane is wide enough for comfortable travel.
Just east of Grafton is a visitor center with knowledgeable staff and a wide array of informative publications. Four miles from Grafton, you'll find a pleasant detour in the town of Elsah. Turn off the Scenic Byway and take a spin through the hamlet on Mill Street. Stone and brick houses line the narrow streets, lending Elsah a step-back-in-time quality that earned it a spot on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.
Continuing on the Scenic Byway, in stark contrast to the wide river on your right, sheer limestone cliffs tower over the far side of the road for most of the 8 miles traveled along the roadway from Grafton to Piasa Harbor. After passing the commercial harbor developments and a welcoming service station at Lockhaven Road, the bike lane crosses the road and resumes as trail.
The final 6 miles roll along over sometimes rough trail surfacing, between the highway and the dramatic bluffs looming above. When you arrive at the southern trailhead in Piasa Park, look up at the huge limestone bluff to see a 48-by-22-foot Native American petroglyph painting of the fierce, warrior-killing Piasa Bird. Alton is the gateway to a grand network of trails continuing southward on both sides of the great Mississippi River.
To southern parking and trail access at Piasa Park: From I-270, take Exit 3 onto IL-3 North and go 6.9 miles. Turn left onto IL-143 West and go 4.2 miles. Continue straight onto US-67 North and go 0.8 mile. Turn left onto IL-100 West and go 0.9 mile to parking on the right.
To northern parking and trail access at Pere Marquette State Park: Follow the above directions, then continue on IL-100 West for 20.2 miles and turn right into the main park entrance. Parking is immediately to the left; trail access, to the right. | <urn:uuid:abbcd9c1-07ff-48dd-a9c2-324a39f226d2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.traillink.com/trail/sam-vadalabene-great-river-road-bike-trail.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00455-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.912103 | 808 | 2.0625 | 2 |
The financial hardship hitting millions of UK households has been made crystal clear this week, as new figures show inflation has hit a 40-year high. As a result, how much it costs just to buy essentials is rising at a near-record rate, according to the Office for National Statistics (ONS).
The consumer prices index (CPI) measure of inflation was 9.4% for June, up from 9.1% in May, the ONS said - the ninth month in a row it has gone up. When inflation rises, it means that your money doesn’t go as far as it used to, reports the Mirror.
For example, if something cost £10 a year ago and the rate of inflation is 9.4%, it would cost £10.94 today. To come up with the 9.4% figure, the ONS has to work out how much hundreds of common items are rising or falling in price by. So what are the items with the steepest price hikes - and are any goods dropping in value?
Heating oil - up 128.9%
The item that has risen the most over the past 12 months is heating oil for houses - what the ONS calls 'liquid fuels'. Many houses rely on tanks of heating oil for their energy needs, delivered by tankers - mostly in rural areas.
This is usually because in the past it has not been possible or cost-effective to connect them to the gas network. But these homes have been hammered with massive price hikes due to the soaring price of oil.
Gas - up 95.5%
Electricity - up 53.5%
The other component of energy bills - electricity - has also been soaring . Energy bills could hit an eye-watering £3,300 on average this winter as the cost of living crisis continues to grip families.
Petrol and diesel - up 42.3%
The price of fuel for cars and vans rose a whopping 42.3% in the year to June 2022. Brits have been feeling the pain at the pumps , with drivers paying more than £2 a litre this year for the first time ever.
Some good news is that these prices are starting to fall. But petrol still costs 188.9p a litre on average and diesel 197.5p, according to the latest Government figures. The 42.3% ONS figure also includes the rising cost of lubricants for car engines, many of which are oil-based.
Insurance - up 23%
The price of insuring your house was up 23% in 12 months, the ONS said. It's slightly better news for car insurance, but not by much.
The cost of motor cover rose 8.8% in the period.
Solid heating fuel - up 22.4%
There has also been a big price rise for solid fuels used for powering houses, like firewood, coal, peat and smokeless fuel. Many UK homes use solid fuel for heating and powering boilers, and this is more common outside towns and cities. But like the heating oil example above, these prices have been spiking.
Air travel - up 22.4%
The price of flying is rising too. Willie Walsh, director general of the International Air Transport Association, has said that this is partly due to rising costs of aviation fuel . The war in Ukraine is the major reason the cost of jet fuel is rising. But the cost of flying is also going up due to widespread flight cancellations . These push up demand for seats on other planes, inflating prices.
Cooking oils and fats - up 16.6%
Supplies of olive oil, sunflower oil and rapeseed oil have been affected by the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine - both of which are key suppliers of these oils. Many supermarkets have been rationing how much cooking oil Brits can buy.
Furniture - up 16.3%
Again, we have the war in Ukraine to thank for this. Much of the timber used to make furniture comes from Russia, and supplie have been affected by the conflict. The cost of making furniture is also going up due to the rising cost of power for factories and fuel for the lorries moving goods around.
Second-hand cars - up 15.2%
Increases in the cost of materials and energy, as well as problems with suppy chains, mean the cost of new cars is rising. That is causing a knock-on impact on the price of older vehicles, as car buyers increasingly look to the second-hand market.
What it means for your weekly supermarket shop
The price of other food is also soaring. Overall, food prices have gone up by 9.8%. Within this, the ONS said the cost of milk, cheese and eggs had gone up 14.8%. Meat prices are up by 11.1% and coffee, tea and cocoa by 10.3%.
Bread was up 9.6%, and fish 8%. The price of fruit is up 6.9%, and vegetables by 9%. Sugar, jam and chocolate prices have risen by 3.9%. Meanwhile there has been an 8.8% increase in the price of fruit juice, soft drinks and mineral water.
Are any prices going down?
Yes - but only in three areas, and none of them are household essentials. It is good news if you like a tipple, as ONS figures show the price of alcoholic spirits like whisky, gin and vodka fell 0.4% in the last 12 months.
There was also an 8.5% fall in what the ONS calls 'data processing equipment' - things like computers. Gadgets like TVs and headphones also fell in price by 5.2%. | <urn:uuid:6ef94f91-52f6-4ba9-80fd-1bd03dbacb44> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/news/cost-living-10-things-rising-24539335 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00479.warc.gz | en | 0.971935 | 1,177 | 2 | 2 |
Simple Is not Simplistic
- "Very often, people confuse simple with simplistic. The nuance is lost on most." Clement Mok.
- "Simplicity before understanding is simplistic; simplicity after understanding is simple." Edward de Bono.
First of all a couple of definitions (from the "New Oxford Dictionary Of English"):
- simple easily understood or done; presenting no difficulty
- simplistic treating complex issues and problems as if they were much simpler than they really are
I'm sure that most developers know that simple software is more maintainable, has fewer bugs, has a longer lifetime, etc., and that they always try to implement the simplest solutions they can possibly think of. I know also that many of those developers often end-up with unmaintainable code very quickly.
In my experience, the most common reason for that is due to lack of understanding of the problems being solved. In fact, when implementing a new piece of functionality, there are several issues to keep into account:
- The functionality itself as seen by the users. Is what the users are asking for what they really need?
- How the functionality fits the current design. What parts of the system need to change in order to accommodate it nicely?
- How is the functionality going to be tested?
In other terms, simplistic solutions leave some important parts of the original problem unsolved. In the world of software development two typical victims of this approach (but by no means the only ones) are the users, who end up with buggy systems, and the maintainability of the code base, which gradually worsens.
[this is still work in progress]
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3
Back to 97 Things Every Programmer Should Know home page | <urn:uuid:ff2c68c0-7d86-4b32-9cab-c834f0ea596e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://commons.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php?title=Simple_Is_not_Simplistic&oldid=24234 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00509-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955421 | 358 | 2.765625 | 3 |
When a federal judge issued an order last week to suspend screenings of documentary that investigates incompetence in the Mexican judicial system, it looked like the film might be falling victim to the very system it criticizes. The film, "Presumed Guilty" ("Presunto Culpable" in Spanish), exposes flaws in the Mexican judicial system as it charts two Mexican attorneys' efforts to exonerate street vendor Jose Antonio Zúñiga, who was convicted of murder in 2005 and was serving a 20-year sentence.
Last week, federal Judge Blanca Lobo Domínguez issued an order to suspend the government-granted authorization to screen the film after Víctor Manuel Reyes Bravo, a man who testified against the film's protagonist, filed a complaint claiming that he had never signed an appearance release form, international news reports said.
But as of Wednesday, the award-winning film was back on the marquee. A federal tribunal agreed to reverse the order Tuesday, stating in a press release that the film's removal goes against the public interest "given that society's interest in protecting the right to information, contained in Article 6 of the Federal Constitution, " the Mexican news daily Milenio reported.
The documentary's director, lawyer, and filmmaker, Roberto Hernández (who started a production company called Lawyers with Cameras), said he had obtained consent to film in the court where Zúñiga was being tried. He and executive producer Ana Laura Magaloni said the suspensions were a freedom of expression violation. The decision to pull the film provoked public outcry across the country.
No doubt the press generated by the order to halt screenings of "Presumed Guilty" has drawn even larger crowds to what was already Mexico's highest grossing documentary film. As of March 3, some 557,000 people had seen the film in Mexico nationwide. The weekend following the court decision to pull the film from theaters, an estimated 200,000 moviegoers saw the documentary in Mexico City alone. And that's not to mention the pirated copies that the local press says have exploded onto the market.
Mexican citizens are clearly hungry for the critical perspective offered in "Presumed Guilty." The decision to keep the film in theaters is a positive step on the part of the Mexican judicial system, which, more often than not, CPJ research shows, fails to defend freedom of expression and the press. | <urn:uuid:369d8501-577a-49df-8f41-ae7c2ba72dc2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.cpj.org/blog/2011/03/mexican-court-rules-to-return-critical-documentary.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00373-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967231 | 486 | 1.601563 | 2 |
ID#597 made on
MRc7 - Certified wood
LEED BD+C: New Construction
Under the current standard, a chain of custody is required under the FSC Certification. To what extent does this chain of custody run? Currently we have certified growers supplying lumber for wood tru...
Under the current standard, a chain of custody is required under the FSC Certification. To what extent does this chain of custody run? Currently we have certified growers supplying lumber for wood trussed but there is a question if the truss fabricator must also be certified or does the fabricator simply indicate the FSC Certified source of the wood products used?
NOTE: revised June 9, 2004 (correction based on FSC percentage-based policy). NOTE: Guidance in the following CIR may be superseded by revised FSC Chain-of-Custody requirements issued by USGBC and FSC on 4/7/2008. New comprehensive guidelines can be found on the USGBC website here: https://www.usgbc.org/ShowFile.aspx?DocumentID=4027 The Forest Stewardship Council requires that every party that takes ownership of the wood or wood product have chain-of-custody certification for the wood product to be called "FSC-certified." In an effort to develop the market for certified wood, LEED has, in the past, allowed a party to claim credit for the use of FSC-certified wood in a project even if the party involved in final fabrication of the product before it reaches the building is not chain-of-custody certified. However, this position should be reviewed going forward to avoid conflicts with the FSC trademark. In this particular instance our recommendation is to allow the credit. However no where should it be claimed that these are "FSC-certified trusses," and the manufacturer must warrant that they have indeed used certified wood to make the trusses. A couple of related points regarding LEED's de facto position to date: 1. If the wood is supplied to a manufacturer by a wholesaler or distributor who is not involved with fabrication or modification of the material, that supplier must have FSC chain-of-custody certification for the material to qualify as FSC-certified under LEED. 2. If the truss manufacturer were FSC-certified, FSC's partial content rules would allow that company to produce "FSC-certified trusses" with as little as 70% FSC-certified wood by volume (NOTE: the original CIR text has been edited from saying "30%" to "70%." 30% is the minimum weight content for chip/fiber material), the entire value of the truss would count towards the FSC-certified wood credit for LEED, regardless of whether it is made from 70% or 100% certified wood. Since the manufacturer in this case does not have chain-of-custody certification, only the actual amount of FSC-certified wood used in the trusses can be applied toward the credit. Applicable Internationally.
Related Addenda (Corrections & Interpretations) | <urn:uuid:efbdf114-2b41-4e5f-a08d-e286dd1fa2c2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.usgbc.org/credits/new-construction/v22/mrc7?page=1&view=interpretations | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00164-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94423 | 654 | 1.734375 | 2 |
|New American Bible|
2002 11 11
IntraText - Text
The guild prophets once said to Elisha: "There is not enough room for us to continue to live here with you.
Let us go to the Jordan, where by getting one beam apiece we can build ourselves a place to live." "Go," Elisha said.
"Please agree to accompany your servants," one of them requested. "Yes, I will come," he replied.
So he went with them, and when they arrived at the Jordan they began to fell trees.
While one of them was felling a tree trunk, the iron axhead slipped into the water. "O master," he cried out, "it was borrowed!"
"Where did it fall?" asked the man of God. When he pointed out the spot, Elisha cut off a stick, threw it into the water, and brought the iron to the surface.
"Pick it up," he said. And the man reached down and grasped it.
When the king of Aram was waging war on Israel, he would make plans with his servants to attack a particular place.
But the man of God would send word to the king of Israel, "Be careful! Do not pass by this place, for Aram will attack there."
So the king of Israel would send word to the place which the man of God had indicated, and alert it; then they would be on guard. This happened several times.
Greatly disturbed over this, the king of Aram called together his officers. "Will you not tell me," he asked them, "who among us is for the king of Israel?"
"No one, my lord king," answered one of the officers. "The Israelite prophet Elisha can tell the king of Israel the very words you speak in your bedroom."
"Go, find out where he is," he said, "so that I may take him captive." Informed that Elisha was in Dothan,
he sent there a strong force with horses and chariots. They arrived by night and surrounded the city.
Early the next morning, when the attendant of the man of God arose and went out, he saw the force with its horses and chariots surrounding the city. "Alas!" he said to Elisha. "What shall we do, my lord?"
"Do not be afraid," Elisha answered. "Our side outnumbers theirs."
Then he prayed, "O LORD, open his eyes, that he may see." And the LORD opened the eyes of the servant, so that he saw the mountainside filled with horses and fiery chariots around Elisha.
When the Arameans came down to get him, Elisha prayed to the LORD, "Strike this people blind, I pray you." And in answer to the prophet's prayer the LORD struck them blind.
Then Elisha said to them: "This is the wrong road, and this is the wrong city. Follow me! I will take you to the man you want." And he led them to Samaria.
When they entered Samaria, Elisha prayed, "O LORD, open their eyes that they may see." The LORD opened their eyes, and they saw that they were inside Samaria.
When the king of Israel saw them, he asked, "Shall I kill them, my father?"
1 "You must not kill them," replied Elisha. "Do you slay those whom you have taken captive with your sword or bow? Serve them bread and water. Let them eat and drink, and then go back to their master."
The king spread a great feast for them. When they had eaten and drunk he sent them away, and they went back to their master. No more Aramean raiders came into the land of Israel.
After this, Ben-hadad, king of Aram, mustered his whole army and laid siege to Samaria.
Because of the siege the famine in Samaria was so severe that an ass's head sold for eighty pieces of silver, and a fourth of a kab of wild onion for five pieces of silver.
One day, as the king of Israel was walking on the city wall, a woman cried out to him, "Help, my lord king!"
"No," he replied, "the LORD help you! Where could I find help for you: from the threshing floor or the winepress?"
Then the king asked her, "What is your trouble?" She replied: "This woman said to me, 'Give up your son that we may eat him today; then tomorrow we will eat my son.'
So we boiled my son and ate him. The next day I said to her, 'Now give up your son that we may eat him.' But she hid her son."
When the king heard the woman's words, he tore his garments. And as he was walking on the wall, the people saw that he was wearing sackcloth underneath, next to his skin.
"May God do thus and so to me," the king exclaimed, "if the head of Elisha, son of Shaphat, stays on him today!"
Meanwhile, Elisha was sitting in his house in conference with the elders. The king had sent a man ahead before he himself should come to him. Elisha had said to the elders: "Do you know that this son of a murderer is sending someone to cut off my head? When the messenger comes, see that you close the door and hold it fast against him. His master's footsteps are echoing behind him."
While Elisha was still speaking, the king came down to him and said, "This evil is from the LORD. Why should I trust in the LORD any longer?" | <urn:uuid:34e249ed-a163-4b40-9417-813058c0c8f9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0839/__P96.HTM | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00402-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984423 | 1,203 | 2.28125 | 2 |
21, Number 1, July 2010
Kenneth Hensley (Handling Associate Editor: Patrizia Mecocci)
Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanisms, Pathologic Consequences, and Potential for Therapeutic Manipulation
Abstract: The concept of neuroinflammation has evolved over the past two decades from an initially controversial viewpoint to its present status as a generally accepted idea whose mechanisms and consequences are still actively under research and debate, particularly with regard to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This review summarizes the current status of neuroinflammation research as it specifically relates to AD. Neuroinflammation is discussed mechanistically with emphasis on the role of redox signal transduction linked to the activation of central nervous system-relevant innate immune pathways. Redox signaling is presented both as a causal factor and a consequence of sustained neuroinflammation. Functional relationships are discussed that connect distinct neuroinflammatory components such as cytokines, eicosanoids, classic AD pathology (amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles), and the recently emergent notion of “damage-associated molecular patterns”. The interaction of these paracrine factors likely can produce positive as well as negative effects on the AD brain, ranging from plaque clearance by microglia in the short term to glial dysfunction and neuronal compromise if the neuroinflammation is chronically sustained and unmitigated. Recent disappointments in AD clinical trials of anti-inflammatory drugs are discussed with reference to possible explanations and potential avenues for future pharmacological approaches to the disease.
Elizabeth Kirby, Stephan Bandelow and Eef Hogervorst
Visual Impairment in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Critical Review
Abstract: Visual impairment is a common symptom of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of visual interventions to improve the functioning of AD patients. Therefore, clarification of the profile of visual deficits in AD and possible mechanisms underlying these deficits are needed. This review focuses on three areas as mechanisms for the visual impairment in AD: 1) the broad-band pathway deficit; 2) glaucoma; and 3) the relative dysfunction of the ventral and dorsal streams of vision. While much research has been produced with regard to these areas, methodological flaws and lack of continuity between studies has led to conflicting findings. Nevertheless, recent imaging research suggests that the loss of retinal ganglion cells in AD may play an important role in the visual deficit in AD. This review looks to critically evaluate current research and highlight the need to investigate recent significant findings in primary vision research in understanding the impairment of vision in AD.
Sandra Iurescia*, Daniela Fioretti*, Francesca Mangialasche, Monica Rinaldi (Handling Associate Editor: Patrizia Mecocci) *contributed equally
The Pathological Cross Talk Between Apolipoprotein E and Amyloid-β Peptide in Alzheimer’s Disease: Emerging Gene-Based Therapeutic Approaches
Abstract: Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) plays a key role in lipid transport in the plasma and in the central nervous system through its interaction with members of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family. The three common isoforms of ApoE (ApoE2, ApoE3, and ApoE4) differ in their ability to perform neuronal maintenance and repair functions and differentially affect the risk of developing neurodegenerative disorders. The ApoE4 isoform is a strong genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. Up-to-date knowledge about the structural and biophysical features of ApoE4 shed light on the molecular basis underlying the isoform-specific pathogenic role of ApoE4 and its contribution to AD pathology through several different mechanisms. ApoE4 impacts on amyloid-β (Aβ) production, Aβ clearance, Aβ fibrillation, and tangle formation as well as on mitochondrial functions leading to neuronal toxicity and synaptic damage. This review summarizes the pathological cross talk between ApoE and Aβ peptide in Alzheimer’s disease. Lastly, we examine emerging gene-based therapeutic approaches encompassing the use of ApoE and their potential opportunities to preventing or treating Alzheimer’s disease.
Amy Chan and Thomas B. Shea
Apolipoprotein E3 as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease Under Conditions of Nutritional Imbalance
Abstract: The presence of one or more copies of the E4 allele of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is strongly associated with of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The impact of E4 on neurodegeneration is potentiated by dietary oxidative challenge. Our prior studies in transgenic mice demonstrate that, in the face of dietary oxidative challenge, E3 does not provide any further protection than E4 or lack of murine ApoE for aggression, oxidative damage, presenilin-1 expression, and γ-secretase activity, and provides only partial reduction in phospho-tau levels. Extrapolation of these findings to the human condition leads us to hypothesize that the E3 allele may not provide sufficient neuroprotection under conditions of dietary compromise and/or oxidative challenge. Epidemiological evidence is consistent with this possibility. The E3 allele is approximately half as effective compared to E2 at buffering the impact of a single E4 allele. In addition, the risk of AD increases linearly for the genotypes E2/2, E2/3, and E3/3. It has been proposed that that clinical manifestation of AD may in some cases require the convergence of 2 or more risk factors. We hypothesize that the combined impact of dietary oxidative stress and either the ApoE3 or E4 genotype represents one such condition.
Vincenza Frisardi, Vincenzo Solfrizzi, Cristiano Capurso, Bruno P. Imbimbo, Gianluigi Vendemiale, Davide Seripa, Alberto Pilotto, Francesco Panza
Is Insulin Resistant Brain State a Central Feature of the Metabolic-Cognitive Syndrome?
Abstract: Cumulative evidence suggests that metabolic syndrome (MetS) may be important in the development of mild cognitive impairment, vascular dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). As such, these patients might be described as having “metabolic-cognitive syndrome”—MetS plus cognitive impairment of degenerative or vascular origin. While peripheral insulin resistance appears to be of primary pathophysiological importance in MetS, the definitions of MetS and its components do not include any reference to insulin resistance or hyperinsulinemia. In the present article, we discuss the role of these factors in the development of cognitive decline and dementia, including underlying mechanisms that influence amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide metabolism and tau protein hyperphosphorylation, the principal neuropathological hallmarks of AD. In AD, an age-related desynchronization of biological systems results, involving stress components, cortisol and noradrenaline, reactive oxygen species, and membrane damage as major candidates that precipitates an insulin resistant brain state (IRBS) with decreased glucose/energy metabolism and the increased formation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein and Aβ. Unfortunately, it is very difficult to include the measurement of peripheral insulin resistance in the current MetS criteria or the identification of IRBS for the metabolic-cognitive syndrome. However, since inflammation has been suggested among the MetS components, we propose IRBS as an additional feature of the metabolic-cognitive syndrome to also identify a molecular profile in patients at high risk of developing predementia or dementia syndromes.
Po-Yuan Chang, Shao-Chun Lu, Chu-Huang Chen
S-Adenosylhomocysteine: A Better Marker of the Development of Alzheimer’s Disease than Homocysteine?
William C. Herz, Jesus I. Grave de Peralta
Use of Primary Data Leads to Unsupportable Conclusions and Policy Options
Suzanne M. de la Monte
Ignoring the Evidence Will Not Stop the Alzheimer’s Disease/Diabetes Pandemic
Peter T. Nelson and Wang-Xia Wang (Handling Associate Editor: Thomas Montine)
MiR-107 is Reduced in Alzheimer’s Disease Brain Neocortex: Validation Study
Abstract: MiR-107 is a microRNA (miRNA) that we reported previously to have decreased expression in the temporal cortical gray matter early in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here we study a new group of well-characterized human temporal cortex samples (N=19). MiR-107 expression was assessed, normalized to miR-124 and let-7a. Correlation was observed between decreased miR-107 expression and increased neuritic plaque counts (P<0.05) and neurofibrillary tangle counts (P<0.02) in adjacent brain tissue. Adjusted miR-107 and BACE1 mRNA levels tended to correlate negatively (trend with regression P<0.07). In sum, miR-107 expression tends to be lower relative to other miRNAs as AD progresses.
Tokuhei Ikeda, Kenjiro Ono, David Elashoff, Margaret M. Condron, Moeko Noguchi-Shinohara, Mitsuhiro Yoshita, David B. Teplow, Masahito Yamada (Handling Associate Editor: Robert Friedland)
Cerebrospinal Fluid from Alzheimer’s Disease Patients Promotes Amyloid β-Protein Oligomerization
Abstract: Oligomers of the amyloid β-protein (Aβ) play an important role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We hypothesized that AD patients have a central nervous system environment that promotes Aβ oligomerization. We investigated the effect of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 33 patients with AD and 33 age-matched, non-demented controls on oligomerization of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 using the technique of photo-induced cross-linking of unmodified proteins. CSF inhibited oligomerization of both Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42. This inhibitory effect was significantly weaker in AD patients than in non-demented controls. Our results indicate that AD patients have a CSF environment favorable for Aβ oligomerization.
Barbara Borroni, Roberto Del Bo, Stefano Goldwurm, Silvana Archetti, Cristian Bonvicini, Chiara Agosti, Barbara Bigni, Alice Papetti, Simona Ghezzi, Giacomo Sacilotto, Giovanni Pezzoli, Massimo Gennarelli, Nereo Bresolin, Gian Pietro Comi, Alessandro Padovani (Handling Associate Editor: Amalia Bruni)
VEGF Haplotypes are Associated with Increased Risk to Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Corticobasal Syndrome
Abstract: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS) are in the spectrum of tauopathies and recognized to have a strong genetic background. It has been widely reported that MAPT tau haplotype H1 is a genetic risk factor in both conditions, but no other genetic determinants have so far been proposed. Recently, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) haplotypes were reported to confer risk to frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of VEGF genetic determinants in PSP and CBS susceptibility. We evaluated a cohort of 687 unrelated Italian subjects, including 117 PSP, 108 CBS, 199 FTD, and 263 healthy controls. Genotype and allele frequencies of three well-known polymorphisms located within the VEGF promoter (-2578C/A, -1190G/A, and -1154G/A) were carried out. Genetic analysis revealed the presence of significant changes in terms of genotype and allele distributions in patients compared to healthy controls. A-G-G haplotype (-2578C/A, 1190G/A, -1154G/A) was overrepresented in both PSP (OR=6.64, 95%CI=2.3-19.6, P=0.0003, CGG=reference) and CBS (OR=5.20,95%CI=1.70-15.9, P=0.003, CGG=reference) compared to healthy subjects. No differences between PSP and CBS and FTD were found, and the A-G-G haplotype was also overrepresented in FTD. Overall, these data suggest that VEGF gene variability represents a susceptibility factor for PSP and CBS. These data argue that additional genes may confer disease risk to PSP and CBS, and to FTD as well, beyond the MAPT tau haplotype. Further studies are warranted.
Julián Benito-León, Elan D. Louis, Saturio Vega, Félix Bermejo-Pareja
Statins and Cognitive Functioning in the Elderly: A Population-Based Study
Abstract: In a 2009 Cochrane review, the authors concluded that there is good evidence that statins, given in late life to people at risk of vascular disease, have no effect in preventing Alzheimer’s disease or dementia. A related issue, which remains unclear, is whether statins improve cognitive function. While some studies have shown a beneficial effect of statins on cognitive function, others have observed mild detrimental effects on cognition. Our aim was to assess cognitive function in community-dwelling elderly participants treated with statins compared with their untreated counterparts (i.e., controls) living in the same population. 137 population-dwelling participants who were receiving statins and 411 matched controls age ≥ 65 years (median = 72 years) in central Spain (the Neurological Diseases in Central Spain study [NEDICES]) underwent a neuropsychological assessment, including tests of global cognitive performance, frontal-executive function, verbal fluency, and memory. Median duration of statin treatment was 2 years. Of 137 participants receiving statins, 53 (38.7%) were taking pravastatin, 38 (27.7%) simvastatin, 37 (27.0%) lovastatin, 6 (4.4%) fluvastatin, and 3 (2.2%) atorvastatin. Although initial univariate analyses indicated some differences, after adjusting for age, gender, education, depressive symptoms, premorbid intelligence, medications that potentially affect cognitive function, and blood cholesterol levels, statin users and controls performed similarly on all neuropsychological tests. In this population-based sample, elderly participants treated with statins and untreated controls performed similarly in all tested cognitive areas. These results do not support a positive benefit of statins on cognition.
Arun L.W. Bokde, Michaela Karmann, Christine Born, Stefan J. Teipel, Muamer Omerovic, Michael Ewers, Thomas Frodl, Eva Meisenzahl, Maximilian Reiser, Hans-Jürgen Möller, Harald Hampel
Altered Brain Activation During a Verbal Working Memory Task in Subjects with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment
Abstract: In subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), memory disorders indicate a high risk for conversion to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The objective of this study was to delineate the differences in brain activation between amnestic MCI and age-matched healthy controls (HC) during a verbal working memory task. The verbal working memory task was a delay match to sample design. Brain activation was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging. There were 8 subjects in each group and were matched for performance. The task was analyzed as an event-related design. Group differences were calculated using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) with statistical significance at p<0.05 corrected. Both groups activated a wide network in the posterior and frontal areas of the brain. There was higher activation in the parietal and frontal lobes in the MCI compared to the HC during the maintenance phase. There were no areas in the HC that activated higher than the MCI subjects. Response time in the task in the HC group was correlated to the left hippocampus during encoding phase and to the parietal and frontal areas during the recall phase. In the MCI group, there was strong correlation to the inferior and middle temporal gyrii during encoding, the middle frontal gyrus during the maintenance phase, and hippocampus during recall phase. The activation differences between groups may be compensatory mechanisms within the MCI group for the effects of the putative AD neuropathology. This has been the first study that has examined verbal working memory in MCI.
David Baglietto-Vargas, Ines Moreno-Gonzalez, Raquel Sanchez-Varo, Sebastian Jimenez, Laura Trujillo-Estrada, Elisabeth Sanchez-Mejias, Manuel Torres, Manuel Romero-Acebal, Diego Ruano, Marisa Vizuete, Javier Vitorica, Antonia Gutierrez (Handling Associate Editor: Justo Garcia de Yebenes)
Calretinin Interneurons are Early Targets of Extracellular Amyloid-β Pathology in PS1/AβPP Alzheimer Mice Hippocampus
Abstract: Specific neuronal networks are preferentially affected in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The distinct subpopulations of hippocampal inhibitory GABAergic system have been shown to display differential vulnerability to neurodegeneration in AD. We have previously reported a substantial loss of SOM/NPY interneurons, whereas those expressing parvalbumin were unaltered, in the hippocampus of 6 month-old PS1/AβPP transgenic mice. In the present study, we now investigated the pathological changes of hippocampal calretinin (CR) interneurons in this PS1/AβPP model from 2 to 12 months of age. The total number of CR-immunoreactive inhibitory cells was determined by stereology in CA1 and CA2/3 subfields. Our findings show a substantial decrease (35%-45%) of CR-positive interneurons in both hippocampal subfields of PS1/AβPP mice at very early age (4 months) compared to age-matched control mice. This decrease was accompanied by a reduced CR mRNA content as determined by quantitative RT-PCR. However, the number of another hippocampal CR-positive population (belonging to Cajal-Retzius cells) was not affected. The selective early loss of CR-interneurons was parallel to the appearance of extracellular Aβ deposits, preferentially in CR-axonal fields, and the formation of dystrophic neurites. This specific GABAergic subpopulation plays a crucial role in the generation of synchronous rhythmic activity in hippocampus by controlling other interneurons. Therefore, early alterations of hippocampal inhibitory functionality in AD, caused by select CR-cells neurodegeneration, could result in cognitive impairments seen in initial stages of the disease.
Jia-Min Zhuo and Domenico Praticò (Handling Associate Editor: M. Cristina Polidori)
Severe In Vivo Hyper-Homocysteinemia is not Associated with Amyloid-β Peptides Elevation in the Tg2576 Mice
Abstract: Since hyper-homocysteinemia (HHcy) was recognized as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), many studies tried to induce HHcy in animal models to investigate its effect on amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) metabolism. Previous reports found that HHcy induced in AD transgenic mouse models, by either methionine-enriched diet or vitamin Bs deficient diet feeding, is associated with elevation of amyloid-β (Aβ) levels. However, there is no data available on the effect of dietary intervention which combines both excessive methionine and low levels of vitamin Bs on amyloidogenesis in any of these models. In the current study, we investigated the effect of a combination diet, which was both enriched in methionine and deficient in folate, vitamin B6 and B12, in an AD mouse model, the Tg2576. We found that 7 months treatment of this diet induced severe HHcy in these mice with plasma homocysteine level higher than 150 μM. However, no difference was detected in brain Aβ levels or deposition between the diet-treated and control group. As shown by western blot, severe HHcy did not alter the steady state levels of proteins involved in AβPP metabolism, either. These results demonstrate that this combination diet-induced severe HHcy does not influence amyloidogenesis in vivo.
Jianghua Lu, Kaixuan Wang, Mariana Rodova, Raquel Esteves, Diana Berry, E. Lezi, Adam Crafter, Matthew Barrett, Sandra M. Cardoso, Isaac Onyango, W. Davis Parker, Joseph Fontes, Jeffrey M. Burns, Russell H. Swerdlow
Polymorphic Variation in Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit Genes
Abstract: Cytochrome oxidase (COX) activity varies between individuals and low activities associate with Alzheimer’s disease. Whether genetic heterogeneity influences function of this multimeric enzyme is unknown. To explore this we sequenced three mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and ten nuclear COX subunit genes from at least 50 individuals. 20% had non-synonymous mtDNA COX gene polymorphisms, 12% had a COX4I1 non-synonymous G to A transition, and other genes rarely contained non-synonymous polymorphisms. Frequent untranslated region (UTR) polymorphisms were seen in COX6A1, COX6B1, COX6C, and COX7A1; heterogeneity in a COX7A1 5` UTR Sp1 site was extensive. Synonymous polymorphisms were common and less frequent in the more conserved COX1 than the less conserved COX3, suggesting at least in mtDNA synonymous polymorphisms experience selection pressure and are not functionally silent. Compound gene variations occurred within individuals. To test whether variations could have functional consequences, we studied the COX4I1 G to A transition and an AGCCCC deletion in the COX7A1 5` UTR Sp1 site. Cells expressing the COX4I1 polymorphism had reduced COX Vmax activity. In reporter construct-transduced cells where green fluorescent protein expression depended on the COX7A1 Sp1 site, AGCCCC deletion reduced fluorescence. Our findings indicate COX subunit gene heterogeneity is pervasive and may mediate COX functional variation.
Lucrezia Hausner, Lutz Frölich, Virginie Gardette, Emma Reynish, Pierre-Jean Ousset, Sandrine Andrieu, Bruno Vellas, on behalf of the ICTUS-EADC study group
Regional Variation on the Presentation of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients in Memory Clinics within Europe: Data from the ICTUS Study
Abstract: This study set out to describe the variations within Europe for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients with regards to clinical and socio-demographic features, co-morbidities, drug treatment, and psychosocial care. 1,379 mild to moderate AD subjects from the ICTUS study were clustered into four geographic regions according to WHO-classification of European countries. Northern patients showed the mildest severity of dementia (MMSE: 21.6 ± 3.7, p<0.001), received the lowest rate of concomitant psychotropic drug treatment (24.3%, p<0.001), and appeared to be healthier than patients in the rest of Europe. Western subjects were diagnosed earliest (0.5 ± 0.9 month, p<0.001), received the highest rate of formal care (45.0%, p<0.001), and had the highest rates of antidementia drug treatment (60.4%, p<0.001). Southern subjects had the shortest education period (5.6 ± 4.0, p<0.001), the most severe cognitive decline in MMSE: 19.8 ± 4.0, p<0.001 and ADAScog: 24.2 ± 9.6, p<0.001 and received less antidementia drug treatment (37.6%; p<0.001), lived more often with their caregivers (74.4%, p<0.001), and had the highest caregiver burden (22.6 ± 15.2, p=0.049). Eastern AD subjects received more concomitant psychopharmacological drugs (68.6%, p<0.001), caregivers were more often different (18.6%, p<0.001) from spouse or offspring, caregiver burden was lowest (18.7 ± 12.4, p=0.049), nearly all subjects received only informal care (95.7%, p<0.001) and were affected more by co-morbidities. Overall, these data show differences in socio-demographic and clinical characteristics between AD patients from four European geographical regions. The presentation and management of AD in Europe appears to differ according to European regions and likely reflects differences in cultural factors and health politics.
Hai-Hong Wang, Hong-Lian Li, Rong Liu, Yao Zhang, Kai Liao, Qun Wang, Jian-Zhi Wang, Shi-Jie Liu (Handling Associate Editor: Xiongwei Zhu)
Tau Overexpression Inhibits Cell Apoptosis with the Mechanisms Involving Multiple Viability-Related Factors
Abstract: The formation of neurofibrillary tangles, mainly composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, is a hallmark in the brain of human tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although neurons bearing neurofibrillary tangles are constantly exposed to various apoptotic stimuli, they do not appear to preferentially die by apoptosis. The underlying mechanism for such resistance to apoptosis remains elusive. Previously, we studied the role of tau phosphorylation in apoptosis and found that tau hyperphosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) rendered cells more resistant to apoptosis. In this study, we show that the overexpression of tau without any exogenous activation of kinases also confers increased resistance to apoptosis in both N2a cells and in a tau transgenic mouse model. Mechanistically, the overexpression of tau was associated with a reduced p53 level, decreased release of cytochrome C from mitochondria, and inhibition of caspases-9/-3. Additionally, a decreased phosphorylation and increased nuclear translocation of β-catenin were also detected in N2a/tau cells, and knockdown of β-catenin eliminated the anti-apoptotic effect of tau. Furthermore, tau was spontaneously hyperphosphorylated upon overexpression and by staurosporine treatment. The phosphorylation level of p53 decreased upon tau overexpression, and a more profound reduction of the phosphorylated p53 was detected when the cells were treated with lithium and roscovitine, inhibitors of GSK-3 and cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (Cdk-5). These results suggest that the overexpression of tau, which may be hyperphosphorylated by endogenous GSK-3 and Cdk-5, is anti-apoptotic by mechanisms involving modulation of multiple anti-apoptotic factors, including β-catenin and p53-mitochondria-caspase-mediated apoptotic pathways.
Mariavaleria Pellicanò, Matteo Bulati, Silvio Buffa, Mario Barbagallo, Anna Di Prima, Gabriella Misiano, Pasquale Picone, Marta Di Carlo, Domenico Nuzzo, Giuseppina Candore, Sonya Vasto, Domenico Lio, Calogero Caruso, Giuseppina Colonna Romano
Systemic Immune Responses in Alzheimer’s Disease: In Vitro Mononuclear Cell Activation and Cytokine Production
Abstract: To investigate the systemic signs of immune-inflammatory responses in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), in the present study we have analyzed blood lymphocyte subsets and the expression of activation markers on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from AD patients and age-matched healthy controls (HC) activated in vitro by recombinant amyloid-β peptide (rAβ42). Our study of AD lymphocyte subpopulations confirms the already described decrease of the absolute number and percentage of B cells when compared to HC lymphocytes, whereas the other subsets are not significantly different in patients and controls. We report the increased expression of the activation marker CD69 and of the chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5 on T cells but no changes of CD25 after activation. B cells are also activated by rAβ42 as demonstrated by the enhanced expression of CCR5. Moreover, rAβ42 induces an increased expression of the scavenger receptor CD36 on monocytes. Some activation markers and chemokine receptors are overexpressed in unstimulated AD cells when compared to controls. This is evidence of the pro-inflammatory status of AD. Stimulation by rAβ42 also induces the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-g, and TNF-α, and of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-1Ra. The chemokines RANTES, MIP-1β, and eotaxin as well as some growth factors (GM-CSF, G-CSF) are also overproduced by AD-derived PBMC activated by rAβ42. These results support the involvement of systemic immunity in AD patients. However, our study is an observational one so we cannot draw a conclusion about its contribution to the pathophysiology of the disease.
Woojin Scott Kim, Surabhi Bhatia, David A. Elliott, Lotta Agholme, Katarina Kågedal, Heather McCann, Glenda M. Halliday, Kevin J. Barnham, Brett Garner
Increased ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1 Expression in Alzheimer’s Disease Hippocampal Neurons
Abstract: ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) reduces amyloid-β burden in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Associations between ABCA1 polymorphisms and AD risk are also established. Little is known regarding the regulation of ABCA1 expression in the brain and how this may be affected by AD. In the present study we assessed ABCA1 mRNA and protein expression in the hippocampus of AD cases compared to controls. ABCA1 was clearly expressed in hippocampal neurons and expression was increased two- to three-fold in AD cases. The increased hippocampal ABCA1 expression was associated with increased APOE and PUMA gene expression, implying an association with neuronal stress. Consistent with this, treatment of SK-N-SH neurons with amyloid-β peptide resulted in a 48% loss in survival and a significant upregulation of ABCA1, APOE, and PUMA gene expression. Studies in young (2 month) and old (12 month) transgenic mice expressing a familial AD form of human amyloid-β protein precursor and presenilin-1 revealed a significant age-dependent upregulation of hippocampal Abca1 compared to wild-type control mice. However, hippocampal Apoe and Puma gene expression were not correlated with increased Abca1 expression in mice. Our data indicate that ABCA1 is upregulated in AD hippocampal neurons potentially via an amyloid-β-mediated pathway.
Scott E. Kanoski, Yanshu Zhang, Wei Zheng, Terry L. Davidson
The Effects of a High-Energy Diet on Hippocampal Function and Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in the Rat
Abstract: Cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease are linked with intake of a Western diet, characterized by high levels of saturated fats and simple carbohydrates. In rats, these dietary components have been shown to disrupt hippocampal-dependent learning and memory processes, particularly those involving spatial memory. Using a rat model, the present research assessed the degree to which consumption of a high-energy (HE) diet, similar to those found in modern Western cultures, produces a selective impairment in hippocampal function as opposed to a more global cognitive disruption. Learning and memory performance was examined following 90-day consumption of an HE-diet in three nonspatial discrimination learning problems that differed with respect to their dependence on the integrity of the hippocampus. The results showed that consumption of the HE-diet impaired performance in a hippocampal-dependent feature negative discrimination problem relative to chow-fed controls, whereas performance was spared on two discrimination problems that do not rely on the hippocampus. To explore the mechanism whereby consuming HE-diets impairs cognitive function, we investigated the effect of HE-diets on the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We found that HE-diet consumption produced a decrease in mRNA expression of tight junction proteins, particularly Claudin-5 and -12, in the choroid plexus and the BBB. Consequently, an increased blood-to-brain permeability of sodium fluorescein was observed in the hippocampus, but not in the striatum and prefrontal cortex following HE-diet access. There results indicate that hippocampal function may be particularly vulnerable to disruption by HE-diets, and this disruption may be related to impaired BBB integrity.
Sindre Rolstad, Arto Nordlund, Carl Eckerström, Marie H. Gustavsson, Kaj Blennow, Pernille J. Olesen, Henrik Zetterberg, Anders Wallin
High Education May Offer Protection Against Tauopathy in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Abstract: The concepts of brain and cognitive reserve stem from the observation that premorbid factors (e.g., education) result in variation in the response to brain pathology. Potential early influence of reserve on pathology, as assessed using the cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers total tau and amyloid-β42, and cognition was explored in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients who remained stable over a two-year period. A total of 102 patients with stable MCI grouped on the basis of educational level were compared with regard to biomarker concentrations and cognitive performance. Stable MCI patients with higher education had lower concentrations of t-tau as compared to those with lower education. Also, educational level predicted a significant proportion of the total variance in t-tau concentrations. Our results suggest that higher education may offer protection against tauopathy.
Manjeet Singh, Ven Murthy, Charles Ramassamy
Modulation of Hydrogen Peroxide and Acrolein-Induced Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunctions and Redox Regulated Pathways by the Bacopa Monniera Extract: Potential Implication in Alzheimer’s Disease
Abstract: Acrolein is one of the by-products of lipid peroxidation. Due to its high reactivity, it is not only a marker of lipid peroxidation but could also be an initiator of oxidative stress by adducting cellular nucleophilic groups. In brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients, levels of acrolein are significantly higher in vulnerable brain region and, on primary hippocampal culture, it is more toxic than 4-hydroxyl-nonenal. The toxicity of the amyloid-β peptide is mediated through the generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The actions of H2O2 include oxidative modifications of proteins, lipids, and DNA as observed in AD. Bacopa monniera (BM) has a long history of use in India as a memory-enhancing therapy. The objective of our study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of the standardized extracts of BM against acrolein and H2O2 and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this protection. Our results show that a pre-treatment with the BM extract protected the human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-SH against H2O2 and acrolein. We demonstrated that BM pre-treatment significantly inhibited the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species in addition to preserving the mitochondrial membrane potential. BM pre-treatment also prevented the modifications of the activity of several redox regulated proteins, i.e., NF-κB, Sirt1, ERK1/2, and p66Shc, so as to favor cell survival in response to oxidative stress. Thus, our findings demonstrate that BM can protect human neuroblastoma cells against H2O2 and acrolein through different mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of AD and could have a therapeutic application in the prevention of AD.
Anna V. Kamynina, Olga M. Volpina, Natalya I. Medvinskaya, Irina Ju. Aleksandrova, Tatyana D. Volkova, Dmitriy O. Koroev, Aleksandr N. Samokhin, Inna V. Nesterova, Irina V. Shelukhina, Elena V. Kryukova, Viktor I. Tsetlin, Vadim T. Ivanov, Natalya V. Bobkova
Vaccination with Peptide 173-193 of Acetylcholine Receptor α7-Subunit Prevents Memory Loss in Olfactory Bulbectomized Mice
Abstract: We studied the ability of four non-conjugated α7-subunit fragments of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor to induce an immune response and to protect memory in olfactory bulbectomized mice which demonstrate abnormalities similar to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Vaccination only with the α7-subunit fragment 173-193 was shown to rescue spatial memory, to restore the level of α7 acetylcholine receptors in the cortex, and to prevent an increase in the amyloid-β (Aβ) level in brain tissue in these animals. Antibodies against the peptide 173-193 were revealed in blood serum and cerebrospinal liquid in the bulbectomized mice. Passive immunization with mouse blood sera containing antibodies to the peptide 173-193 also restored memory in bulbectomized animals. The observed positive effect of both active and passive immunization with the fragment of α7-subunit on memory of bulbectomized mice provides a new insight into an anti-AD drug design.
Ji-Seon Seo, Yea-Hyun Leem, Kang-Woo Lee, Seung-Woo Kim, Ja-Kyeong Lee, Pyung-Lim Han
Severe Motor Neuron Degeneration in the Spinal Cord of the Tg2576 Mouse Model of Alzheimer Disease
Abstract: The transgenic mouse Tg2576 is widely used as a murine model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and exhibits plaque pathogenesis in the brain and progressive memory impairments. Here we report that Tg2576 mice also have severe spinal cord deficits. At 10 months of age, Tg2576 mice showed a severe defect in the hindlimb extension reflex test and abnormal body trembling and hindlimb tremors when suspended by the tail. The frequency and severity of these abnormalities were overt at 10 months of age and became gradually worsened. On the foot-printing analysis, Tg2576 mice had shorter and narrower strides than the non-transgenic control. Histological analyses showed that neuronal cells including cholinergic neurons in the lumbar cord of Tg2576 mice were severely reduced in number. At 16 months of age, Tg2576 mice showed high levels of amyloid-β accumulation in the spinal cord. Consistent with this, Tg2576 mice showed that lipid peroxidation levels were increased and mitochondrial metabolic activity were significantly reduced in the spinal cord. Administration of curcumin, a natural compound that has antioxidant properties, notably reversed motor function deficits of Tg2576 mice. The enhanced lipid peroxidation and neuronal loss in the lumbar cord was also partially suppressed by curcumin. Electron microscopic analysis revealed that the sciatic nerve fibers were severely reduced in number and were demyelinated in Tg2576 mice, which were partially rescued by curcumin. These results showed that Tg2576 mice display severe degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord and associated motor function deficits.
Supplementary Data for Seo et al. article (PDF)
Noemí Rueda, María Llorens-Martín, Jesús Flórez, Elsa Valdizán, Pradeep Banerjee, Jose Luis Trejo, Carmen Martínez-Cué
Memantine Normalizes Several Phenotypic Features in the Ts65Dn Mouse Model of Down Syndrome
Abstract: Ts65Dn (TS) mice exhibit several phenotypic characteristics of human Down syndrome, including an increased brain expression of amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) and cognitive disturbances. Aberrant N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor signaling has been suspected in TS mice, due to an impaired generation of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). Memantine, an uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist approved for the treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease, is known to normalize LTP and improve cognition in transgenic mice with high brain levels of AβPP and amyloid-β protein. It has recently been demonstrated that acute injections of memantine rescue performance deficits of TS mice on a fear conditioning test. Here we show that oral treatment of aged TS mice with a clinically relevant dose of memantine (30 mg/kg/day for 9 weeks) improved spatial learning in the water maze task and slightly reduced brain AβPP levels. We also found that TS mice exhibited a significantly reduced granule cell count and vesicular glutamate transporter-1 (VGLUT1) labeling compared to disomic control mice. After memantine treatment, the levels of hippocampal VGLUT1 were significantly increased, reaching the levels observed in vehicle treated-control animals. Memantine did not significantly affect granule cell density. These data indicate that memantine may normalize several phenotypic abnormalities in TS mice, many of which—such as impaired cognition—are also associated with Down syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease.
Nathalie Le Bastard, Judith Leurs, Walter Blomme, Peter Paul De Deyn, Sebastiaan Engelborghs (Handling Associate Editor: Sanna-Kaisa Herukka)
Plasma Amyloid-β Forms in Alzheimer’s Disease and Non-Alzheimer’s Disease Patients
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of full-length and N-truncated plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) forms in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and non-Alzheimer’s disease dementia (non-AD) as compared to healthy control subjects. Plasma samples from 50 AD, 50 non-AD, and 47 control subjects were included and analyzed using a multiparameter fluorimetric bead-based immunoassay for the simultaneous quantification of different Aβ forms. No significant differences in Aβ isoforms were detected between dementia and controls; or AD, non-AD, and controls. Compared to control subjects, pooled dementia patients (AD and non-AD) and AD patients alone had significantly lower plasma Aβ1-42/AβN-42 ratios. In each diagnostic group, all plasma Aβ concentrations were significantly correlated. No significant correlations between plasma Aβ forms and age were found. The low diagnostic performance of cross-sectional plasma Aβ measurements hampers future application as diagnostic markers or screening tools for dementia. CSF biomarker analysis remains superior, although the possible application of longitudinal plasma Aβ measurements as screening tools for dementia remains to be elucidated.
Verena Poetsch, Winfried Neuhaus, Christian Roland Noe (Handling Associate Editor: William Banks)
Serum-Derived Immunoglobulins Neutralize Adverse Effects of Amyloid-β Peptide on the Integrity of a Blood-Brain Barrier In Vitro Model
Abstract: A disrupted blood-brain barrier (BBB) might have major effects on the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This supports the theory of blood as a chronic source of exogenous amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide as well as other neurotoxic substances in the brain, which would normally be excluded by an intact BBB. In addition to Aβ, neuroinflammation is suggested to contribute to the pathological conditions in AD and is a known disruptor of BBB integrity. Consequently, new therapeutic approaches to stabilize the BBB should be developed. Serum derived immunoglobulins, also called intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG), are gained from plasma of healthy individuals and were found to induce positive effects in some patients with AD, but mechanisms of action are unclear by now. Moreover, there are no data on how IVIG affects the BBB itself. Therefore, we examined the potency of Aβ peptides as well as neuroinflammatory mediators (TNF-α and LPS) either alone or after simultaneous application of IVIG to disintegrate the BBB by evaluating the transport rate of Carboxyfluorescein, a marker of paracellular leakage. Our results showed beneficial effects of IVIG on a disrupted BBB, which could positively influence diseases outcome in AD. With a stabilized BBB, systemic Aβ, as well as from other toxic substances from the blood, are prevented from entering the brain.
Meeting Report from the Alzheimer Research Forum
The 7th Leonard Berg Symposium, Part 3 | <urn:uuid:52189323-3a71-4871-b479-279d90edcef9> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.j-alz.com/issues/21/vol21-1.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719286.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00499-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.908346 | 9,708 | 1.625 | 2 |
BEHOLD THE MOST EXPENSIVE ‘BITCOIN’ EVER PRODUCED
The Bitcoin price highs of December 2017 made many investors rich, but none more so than the four remaining owners of a 1000 BTC physical bitcoin made of gold.
Casascius coins, which appeared in various denominations as low as 1 BTC from 2011, have become collector’s items after regulators ended their limited issuance in November 2013.
As social media commentators noted this week, the four unredeemed 1000 BTC coins – out of a total of only six ever created – now constitute the “most valuable” coins in the world.
According to a dedicated tracking tool by internet and network engineer Melik Manukyan, the owners of two of the highest-denomination coins redeemed their balance in 2013 when Bitcoin posted its highest prices to date at the time. Last December meanwhile, when BTC/USD approached $20,000, a single 1000 BTC coin together with its gold value was worth around $20 million. Even 1 BTC denominations sold for almost $30,000. “Casascius coins will one day become the most valuable items in the world. Here is a chart showing their redeem rate and increasing scarcity. About 20% has been redeemed/destroyed so far,” | <urn:uuid:0e7f108f-801f-4471-b656-f923d95e8b5b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thecryptocoincenter.com/single-post/2018/08/22/behold-the-most-expensive-bitcoin-ever-produced | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.966982 | 266 | 1.992188 | 2 |
With the long decline in US manufacturing and today’s economic crisis, millions have been thrown out of work, and many are losing their homes. The usual economic solutions are not working, so some citizens and public officials are ready to think outside of the box, to reinvent our failing economy in order to restore long term community stability and a more egalitarian way of life. SHIFT CHANGE tells the little known stories of employee-owned businesses that respond to this challenge, competing successfully in today’s economy while providing secure, dignified jobs in democratic workplaces. Directed by Melissa Young and Mark Dworkin. Co-sponsored by New Economy@MIT. 60 minutes. MIT Room 3–133.
Part of the MIT Urban Planning Film Series, a mostly-weekly series showing documentary and feature films on topics related to cities, urbanism, design, community development, ecology, and other planning issues. Free. Open to: the general public. | <urn:uuid:fe64e3ba-6066-46b0-b413-656548198b7f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://dusp.mit.edu/event/urban-films-shift-change-2013 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00026-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948428 | 192 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Good Night, and Good Luck (2005), Directed by George Clooney
The film begins and ends with a meeting of television employees gathered to honor Edward R. Murrow, whose program, See It Now, was a signature feature of the fledgling CBS network. Murrow takes the opportunity to deliver a speech warning that television might become a tribune of the trivial rather than a fearless and innovative public servant; immediately, we think of what that medium has become today, and we laugh -- or shudder.
The core of the movie revolves around the CBS staff’s struggle with how and whether to confront the McCarthy-style hysteria that distorted politics, while destroying careers and lives. We see the lines of power between owner, employees, and advertiser, a dynamic that has defined journalism from its inception. For those who pay attention, this is the basic frame that has never altered and that today explains the thing that typical “journalism” has become. The choice that CBS and Murrow made was originally not to directly challenge McCarthy. Instead, Murrow publicized the case of Milo Radulovich, an American reserve Air Force lieutenant accused in 1953 of being a communist.
It was a good choice; Radulovich was not allowed to see the charges brought against him (sound familiar?), was not allowed a hearing (hear an echo?), and was told that he would be expelled from the Air Force because of his “associations.” This was grist for Murrow’s very middle-of-the-road appeal to traditional protections of due process and the dangerous consequences of erasing them via anonymous processes. The ensuing publicity resulted in Radulovich’s being reinstated in the Air Force, and this laid the groundwork for a more direct confrontation.
It is important to note that Murrow was far from the first public figure or journalistic source to criticize Senator Joe McCarthy. Still, his show had considerable cachet, as did the up-and-coming medium of television. His was not the stroke that broke McCarthy’s hold on the throat of civil liberties -- but it was a unique and powerful contribution to the Senator’s political defeat.
The acting in this movie is credible; its use of historical footage of Senator McCarthy during hearings and solo speech on television works well in marking the progression of events, as the film reverts to the interplay of its actors. There are other, passing ironies and insights available to the alert viewer; in one of his “person to person” editions of his program, Murrow is seen interviewing Liberace. When the closeted pianist/showman is asked when he might get married, Liberace remarks that Princess Margaret is available, and she seems like a nice person. While this sort of exchange has a wry humor about it, it’s well to remember just how carefully gay people had to submerge their identities -- and too often, still do.
Good Night, and Good Luck is a commentary on what happens when civil liberties are attacked, people allow themselves to be ruled by fear, and what news becomes when it is shaped by the agenda of partisan owners and self-interested shareholders. It is a warning from half a century ago of how things can go astray, and the urgency of public activism to protect our remaining freedoms.
Dan Raphael has been an activist since the Vietnam War was heating up and is active with the Green Party of the United States.
* “Good Night, and Good Luck”: Joe McCarthy Rides Again by Bernard Weiner
Other Articles by Dan Raphael | <urn:uuid:324764e0-1938-4afa-aebb-476201bde6c1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dissidentvoice.org/Dec05/Raphael1212.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00020-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976794 | 731 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Whatever happened to SlimServer?
The bedrock of my home music network has always been Logitech Media Server (LMS). LMS is a piece of software that serves up audio to different music players in my home.
Why have a centralised piece of software to do this? Why not just have a music player and copy files to it? The reason is that duplication is evil. Copying files leads to a maintenance nightmare; if you want to, say, change the album artwork for a given album, how do you keep track of all the copies of the album that you have? It's always best, as a minimum, to centralise your music files in one place.
Assuming they are all centralised in one place, why not just allow each music player to access them and play the music directly? Accessing music files directly is certainly simpler. However, having a centralised software music server allows a number of advantages.
The first advantage is that by co-ordinating music listening, the server is able to collect and share data. Metadata about your music that you would otherwise not want stored in music files (such as a count of the number of times a track was listened to, or user-based ratings) can be conveniently stored in one location, accessible by all.
A home music network normally extends beyond simply listening to your music files; a household may stream music from the Internet, listen to Internet radio stations, download podcasts and more. Centralising that work means that all music players can benefit from the audio, rather than just music players which are configured in that way.
LMS has built a community of developers over the years that have built many useful plugins, such as software to show more detailed statistics, and ways of building access to the BBC radio streams directly into the player interfaces. The larger this community the more productive and the more flexible your home music network becomes.
Logitech Media Server: a history
I may have erroneously referred to LMS by a different name in previous blog articles. Indeed, I've been writing the blog so long now some articles may pre-date the latest name change! When you consider how many name changes the software has gone through, that's understandable.
LMS was originally called SlimServer. This nomenclature fitted in with the name of the developers, Slim Devices, and the name of their principle player, SliMP3. Slim Devices made the early (and wise) move of open-sourcing SlimServer, a decision that would have benefits to the users of their products later.
Slim Devices adopted the "Squeeze" title into their products in the mid 2000s. First the "Squeezebox" was released (it was further refined with new versions as time went by) and then the SlimServer was renamed to, first, "SqueezeCenter" and, later, "Squeezebox Server". If I have used any of those terms in the past, I'm really referring to Logitech Media Server!
It was only when Logitech acquired Slim Devices that the server software was renamed to "Logitech Media Server". At the time, many users of the software were worried that their home music network may, with time, become obsolete as Logitech withdrew support for the software, and the community would die.
In reality, the community has remained strong, and Squeezeboxes continue to work to this day. Development on LMS continues due, in no small part, to the fact that the LMS code was GPL'd. This means anyone can download, modify and redistribute the software, given certain caveats.
This all means the future remains bright for LMS. Version 7.8.0 was released a month ago, and the software is now hosted on the popular GitHub site, easing the workflow for developers to report and suggest changes.
I'm continuing to use LMS as part of my VortexBox music server. Given LMS bundles a DLNA server, plenty of modern music software can connect to it and play music through it, so for now I've not seen a reason to stop using it!
Thanks to superUbO for the image above. | <urn:uuid:de96113d-831a-4bca-b78e-dd8fb27e859c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.blisshq.com/music-library-management-blog/2014/04/23/whatever-happened-to-slimserver/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00365-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965302 | 854 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Internet Explorer (Auto Complete) stores your passwords unencrypted!
When you check the auto-complete option in Windows internet explorer, you just opened yourself up to a mess of potential problems. Internet explorer stores all of the user names and passwords that you tell it to learn, in a single flat-file that is unencrypted and can be easily read by a variety of program.
I was installing a password managing program this morning and during one step of the installation process, I unexpectedly saw that all of my user names and passwords popped up completely visible. What this means is that if someone gained access to your computer, they could have full access to any password that you saved in auto-complete with internet explorer. It wouldn’t take someone with the least bit technically competency to steal all of this information.
As far as data vulnerabilities go, this is about as big as it gets. Imagine that if someone logged onto your computer, they could access your online email, bank account, car insurance, and every other place where you clicked ‘Save Password’.
Do yourself some good and get a password management program, or just remember your passwords. It is so irresponsible for Microsoft to release a new internet browser and not encrypt information like this. Both internet explorer 6 and 7 store passwords without any encryption.
How to store passwords securely in FireFox (FireFox still auto-completes, but password file is encrypted and unreadable).
UPDATE ON THIS:
Before this gets out of hand, I want to clarify that the passwords are actually not stored in a flat file, but rather in a section of the computer’s registry. They are also not readable under every circumstance, but in my case and probably many other people’s, the user names and passwords can be easily extracted by the correct program. I read an incorrect source, that at the time seemed credible which I will reference if I can find it again. I apologize for the error.
Subscribe to the RSS feed and have all new posts delivered straight to you. | <urn:uuid:a7b4cfb6-60cb-4032-9390-c63cd09396f3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ecommerce-blog.org/archives/internet-explorer-auto-complete-stores-your-passwords-unencrypted/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00126-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952854 | 417 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Soaring temperatures could provoke a series of thunderstorms in parts of England with the mercury set to lift into the mid 20s C at the start of next week.
Southern and central areas will be most under threat as low pressure from the continent spreads upwards clashing with high pressure stationed over Britain.
The outlook is for dry and sunny conditions for many under high pressure with the best of the sunshine expected over central and southern areas. While it will be cloudier and wetter over the north-west as frontal rain bands move in from the Atlantic.
However, some forecast models indicate a risk of some heavy showers developing, especially in the south, as high and low pressure systems clash.
Rain will spread westwards from the start of the week, some of which could be thundery. There will also be showers over Wales and south-west England during Monday afternoon.
The risk of thunderstorms remains during Tuesday in the south with some unsettled weather piling into the north-west from the Atlantic.
But the second half of the week should see the return of plenty of fine, warm sunshine to most areas of the country with showers fading as high pressure regains control of Britain’s weather.
A spokesperson for The Weather Channel said: “Cloud and rain will linger over western Ireland and north-western Scotland on Monday but temperatures should shoot up in clearance.
“It will be dry with sunny spells elsewhere and temperatures lifting between 19 and 22C and up to 23C for the London area. However, some scattered rain showers may develop in the afternoon across central and southern England.
“It will be another fine and settled day on Tuesday with temperatures lifting 20 to 22C quite widely, and 23 or 24C over south-east England.
“A north-west breeze will limit temperatures to 15 to 18C in northern areas and Ireland.
“There will be plenty of sunshine around and dry weather, although some scattered rain showers may bubble up through the afternoon, feeding into south-eastern parts of England.”
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While we all enjoy the view of well-trimmed and cultured gardens of places we visit like hotels, restaurants and plush residential areas, we may want to take a minute to look at how we can manage our gardens and keep them the way we want without spending so much. We have provided you with some do-it-yourself tips to actually see your garden grow.
A well-maintained garden is a healthy garden. Only a garden that is maintained produces edible fruits and vegetables as well as beautiful flowers. While maintaining the garden also improves the desirability of the property a neglected garden produces weeds, garden pests and reduces the aesthetics of your home.
Love your garden as you would your child. The passion attached would change this from a chore to a hobby before your realize it.
Trim your garden regularly. Have a time table specifically for this and keep to it with discipline. We would recommend trimming once bi-weekly for the grass and once monthly for the flower plants.
Gardens for beauty
When keeping a beautification garden, do not walk on the lawn as a regular path and prevent visitors from doing same. This keeps the grass looking fresh and ensures good germination, while you trim within regular intervals using a mower.
Gardens to feed
If you also wish to keep a vegetable garden (usually a backyard garden), nourish the soil before you feed the plants. Better soil means healthier, stronger plants (also for beautification plants). Dig up the soil with a shovel and break up the dirt clods. Spread a 2- to 4-inch layer of organic material like compost or well-rotted manure over the planting area. Mix this amendment into the top 12 inches of soil and plant as deep as the seedlings were growing.
Pick the large bugs off the plants and toss them in a jar of soapy water to drown them. Spray the smaller pests with a strong stream of water from the hose or a blast of insecticidal soap.
Uproot all the weeds and grass before planting the garden. This reduces competition for soil nutrients and moisture. Once the garden is planted and growing, apply organic mulch up to 4 inches deep. Mulching is a form of long-term weed control. When a weed seedling is located in the mulch, knock it down with a garden hoe.
Harvest your edibles as they ripen. Uproot and destroy any diseased plants. Pull up dying plants that are done producing and pile them on the compost pile. Remove all debris from the garden where pests can hide.
Bringing it home
Keeping your garden healthy will require high levels of passion and hard work, with these do-it-yourself tips we hope to make gardening easier and your favorite hobby. | <urn:uuid:5c28cbc0-9ee4-40d2-ac8f-f8b3af3f36a3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.devtracoplus.com/news/keeping-a-garden-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.939091 | 572 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Artisans have used malachite as material for creating art since ancient times. Today we have an exceptional example of chinese art incorporating malachite. A pommel (likely of a sword) inlaid with malachite. The object dates to the 3rd century B.C.E. during the Eastern Zhou period.
Brucite is the mineral form of magnesium hydroxide named in 1824 by François Sulpice Beudant for its discoverer, American minerologist and chemist Archibald Bruce. Colors vary and may include light blue, milky white, or lemon yellow. It crystals typically have a fibrous body what could be described as a chalky or pearly luster. The structure of the mineral is maintained only weakly, making the it fragile. It is also know for shearing into perfectly flat sheets due to its crystal cleavages laying parallel to their plates.
Brucite is common, but excellent examples are hard to come by. Notable finds include in Wood’s Chrome Mine in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania as well as in Baluchistan, Pakistan. Recently there was a major discovery of brucite yielding beautiful and rare yellow and lemon-yellow specimens, some of which are startlingly and gorgeously transparent. Because the mineral is so fragile it is usually mined by hand
Besides collecting it is used as a source of magnesium and in some flame retardantion applications.
Image Credit: Yellow brucite (4.0 × 3.0 × 2.5 cm) from Killa Saifullah, Balochistan, Pakistan. By Ivar Leidus – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=98529310
Beautiful Green Dioptase
Dioptase is an unusual mineral that is highly desired for its intense Emerald green color. It is a copper cyclosilicate mineral that varies from transparent to translucent. Very popular with mineral collectors he can be cut into small gems are also ground up and used as a pigment for painting. Dioptase typically forms as a secondary mineral and copper deposits created through the weathering and oxidation of the primary minerals in either limestone or calcite formations. It may be associated with other cupric minerals like malachite, chryscolla, and azurite. It is a trigonal mineral which forms six-sided crystals that termine in rhombohedra.
Dioptase is uncommon and usually found in desert regions . Within the United States, deposits are mostly restricted to the state of Arizona. Globally Kazakhstan and in particular the Tsumeb mine in Namibia produce some of the best examples of this mineral. Dioptase is also found in Congo and then Argentina in South America. Better examples of this mineral can be quite costly.
In modern times dioptase was discovered at the end of the 18th century in the Central Asian steppes in Kazakhstan. The Russian mineralogist’s who discovered it confused it four form of emerald. Despite having a similar color to emeralds dioptase actually has different optical and physical properties which differ enough the gemologists can easily distinguish one from the other. Dioptase has been discovered to have been used to decorate plaster statues dating back to before 7000 BC.
Dioptase dust is toxic due to its copper content an accidental ingestion can lead to serious problems. Jewelers and fasteners should wear protective masks and ideally use a glove box to avoid inhaling or ingesting particles during the cutting polishing and cleaning processes. Finish pieces however typically pose no hazard. Because of the cleavage pattern impossible fractures dioptase is should usually be cleaned with a mild detergent warm water and a soft brush. Dioptase in general tends to be very fragile and specimens should be handled with great care.
Learn more about the physical characteristics and crystallography of dioptase at mindat.
Auf Deutsch – Schöne grüne Dioptase
Dioptase ist ein ungewöhnliches Mineral, das wegen seiner intensiven smaragdgrünen Farbe sehr begehrt ist. Es ist ein Kupfercyclosilikatmineral, das von transparent bis durchscheinend variiert. Sehr beliebt bei Mineraliensammlern kann er in kleine Edelsteine geschnitten werden, die ebenfalls gemahlen und als Pigment zum Malen verwendet werden. Dioptase bildet sich typischerweise als sekundäres Mineral und Kupferablagerungen, die durch Verwitterung und Oxidation der primären Mineralien in Kalkstein- oder Calcitformationen entstehen. Es kann mit anderen Kupfermineralien wie Malachit, Chrysokoll und Azurit assoziiert sein. Es ist ein trigonales Mineral, das sechsseitige Kristalle bildet, die in Rhomboedern enden.
Dioptase ist ungewöhnlich und kommt normalerweise in Wüstenregionen vor. In den Vereinigten Staaten sind die Einlagen meist auf den Bundesstaat Arizona beschränkt. Weltweit produzieren Kasachstan und insbesondere die Tsumeb-Mine in Namibia einige der besten Beispiele für dieses Mineral. Dioptase kommt auch im Kongo und dann in Argentinien in Südamerika vor. Bessere Beispiele für dieses Mineral können sehr kostspielig sein.
In der Neuzeit wurde Dioptase Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts in den zentralasiatischen Steppen in Kasachstan entdeckt. Die russischen Mineralogisten, die es entdeckten, verwirrten es mit vier Formen von Smaragd. Obwohl Dioptase eine ähnliche Farbe wie Smaragde aufweist, weist sie tatsächlich unterschiedliche optische und physikalische Eigenschaften auf, die sich so stark unterscheiden, dass die Gemmologen sie leicht voneinander unterscheiden können. Es wurde entdeckt, dass Dioptase zur Dekoration von Gipsstatuen aus der Zeit vor 7000 v. Chr. Verwendet wurde.
Dioptasestaub ist aufgrund seines Kupfergehalts giftig. Eine versehentliche Einnahme kann zu ernsthaften Problemen führen. Juweliere und Befestiger sollten Schutzmasken tragen und idealerweise ein Handschuhfach verwenden, um das Einatmen oder Einnehmen von Partikeln während des Polier- und Reinigungsprozesses zu vermeiden. Endstücke stellen jedoch normalerweise keine Gefahr dar. Aufgrund des Spaltmusters sollten unmögliche Frakturen der Dioptase normalerweise mit einem milden Reinigungsmittel, warmem Wasser und einer weichen Bürste gereinigt werden. Dioptase neigt im Allgemeinen dazu, sehr zerbrechlich zu sein, und Proben sollten mit großer Sorgfalt behandelt werden.
Erfahren Sie mehr über die physikalischen Eigenschaften und die Kristallographie der Dioptase bei mindat.
Top Image Credit: Dioptase Locality: Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region, Namibia A startlingly sculptural specimen! Pristine and perfect all around. Erik Louw was a miner on the dioptase stope who traded extensively and accumulated one of the finest Tsumeb miniatures collections, purchased in entirety by the Sussmans in the late 1990’s. 4 x 4 x 1 cm Dioptase-Lokalität: Tsumeb-Mine (Tsumcorp-Mine), Tsumeb, Region Otjikoto (Oshikoto), Namibia Ein erstaunlich skulpturales Exemplar! Rundum makellos und perfekt. Erik Louw war ein Bergmann auf der Dioptase-Station, der ausgiebig handelte und eine der besten Tsumeb-Miniaturensammlungen sammelte, die Ende der 90er Jahre vollständig von den Sussmans gekauft wurden. 4 x 4 x 1 cm 翠銅鉱産地：ナミビア、ツメブ鉱山（ツメブ鉱山）、オシコト地方、ツメブ驚くべき彫刻標本！ 手付かずで完璧です。 Erik Louwは、1990年代後半にサスマンによって完全に購入された、ツメブの最高のミニチュアコレクションの1つを幅広く取引し、蓄積した翠銅鉱の鉱夫でした。 4 x 4 x 1 cm By Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10109320
The February birthstone is amethyst. A form of non-fluorescing hard stone quartz whose typically purple shading comes from irradiation of iron or transition element impurities, amethyst was once considered one of the cardinal, or most valuable, gemstones. Occasionally exhibiting secondary shades of blue or red, the beautiful stone is highly popular among mineral collectors, crystal healers, art lovers, lapidaries. While not considered as valuable as it once was due to recent discoveries of large deposits of the mineral, amethyst often produces stunning jewelry.
Traditionally most carved gemstones in the west are a form of quartz, the carving techniques adopted for quartz also apply to amethyst. Amethyst deposits have been found on almost every continent and it’s availability was a key factor in it’s popularity as a carving medium of artisans in antiquity. Deposits have been found in Brazil, Uruguay, Austria, Russia, Zambia, and Korea, as well the eastern and southern areas of the United States, including Texas, North Carolina, and the Lake Superior Region.
Amethysts was carved and treasured by cultures such as those of Japan, Iran, Greece, Rome, Egypt, the Anglo-Saxons and others. Different cultures each put their own spin on the importance, meaning and value of the stone. It was highly treasured by Russian Empress Catherine who sent thousands of miners into the Ural mountains seeking the gemstone. In ancient Rome, the purple color of the gem was associated with the purple color reserved for the elite and the emperor. The medieval Catholic church’s bishops prized amethyst’s color. The ancient Egyptians worked the material into amulets for protection against harm. Moses the prophet is said to have described amethyst as representing the spirit of god. The ancient Greeks believed the stone offered protection from drunkenness. The Tibetans created rosaries from the stone and considered it sacred to Buddha. Leonardo Da Vinci wrote that amethyst quickened intelligence and dissipated evil thoughts. The Anglo-Saxons fashioned beads, while was used for intaglio.
In this article we present a visual tour of the different ways amethyst has been used in art, both ancient, antique, and modern.
Amethyst intaglio portrait of Julius Caesar, Roman, 50-40 B.C.E.
Byzantine Jeweled Bracelet of gold, silver, pearls, amethyst, sapphire, glass, quartz, 500-700 C.E.
1st Century Greek or Roman Amethyst Oval
Frankish Disk Brooch, c. 550-650 B.C.E. with Amethyst Jewel
Amethyst, Garnet, Gold and Enamel Brooch by Theodore B. Starr, American, 1900
Egyptian Amethyst Scarab, Middle Kingdom, ca. 1981–1950 B.C. The scarab beetle was a potent symbol of creation and regeneration among the ancient Egyptians.
Chinese Qing Dynasty Amethyst , Late 19th – Early 20th Century
Chinese Qing Dynasty Snuff Bottle of White, Green and Brown Jadeite with Amethyst Stopper, Qianlong Period (1736-1795)
Mid-19th Century Avant-Garde Spanish Clip Earrings, Amethyst, Silver, Metal
We may not have antique carvings, but you can check out our lovely collection of amethyst for sale.
The Greek island of Lesbos is notable for it’s Petrifed Wood forest, a protected national monument. The forest is located on the western portion of the island and was formed from the Late Oligocene to Lower–Middle Miocene and consists of silicified remnants of a sub-tropical forest that going back 20–15 million years ago.
Recent discoveries in the rich Petrified Forest have been electrifying. First was the rare discovery of a spectacular 19.5 meter long log , with accompanying roots, branches, and trees, the only found to date in over 25 years of excavations. Weeks later, the excavators uncovered over 150 more petrified wood logs and petrified wood stumps including conifers, fruit producing trees, sequoia trees, pine, palm, cinnamon and oak trees. The finds were all discovered in the same pit.
The excavation team has been working since 2013 excavating along a 20km stretch of highway and have made 15 major finds, but these all pale to this most recent discovery, which was actually the result of a lucky accident. One the excavators notices a leaf in a stretch of the highway about to get asphalted, and halted the road work.
The park has been designated a UNESCO Global GeoPark. There is an excellent museum well worth visiting. If you visit the park, remember that the removal and transfer of fossilized material is prohibited by law. The forest includes six parks. The fossilized trees include mainly huge sequoias and primitive pine trees in an ecosystem closest to the coniferous forests of North America.
While we haven’t been to Lesbos we do have some of our own spectacular Petrified Wood finds available for sale in our catalog.
Top image is of Petrified Forest on the Island of Lesbos, Greece, by C messier – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=8926168
Petrified Wood near Sigri, Island of Lesbos, Greece. Photo By Rutger2 at nl.wikipedia, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3222318
Petrified Wood, Island of Lesbos, Greece. Photo by Signy – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=11642494
Unstable temperature and relative humidity, different rates of expansion and contraction, salt movement, living plant roots and other factors cause cracking in fossil wood. In order to prevent dirt and contemporary vegetation from accumulating into the cracks, and prevent breakages, solutions of especially prepared consolidants are injected in surface cracks. [Kyriazi, E. and Zouros, N. (2008) ‘Conserving the Lesvos Petrified Forest’, Studies in Conservation 53 (Supplement-1 – Conservation and Access: Contributions to the 2008 IIC Congress), London, p. 141-145] The beautiful rose colours of the silicified fossil wood in this picture are due to the presence of manganese ions. Photo by E.Kyriazi – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=44800562
A recent study in Frontiers in Earth Science reveals that researchers discovered quartz crystals in the stomach of a bird that lived alongside the dinosaurs. The bird, a member of the Enantiornithes clade of fossil birds, appeared to be a sensational discovery, as previously there had never been a find which preserved any traces of food in the fossils stomach which would clue researchers in to the diet of the animal. Many modern birds have what’s called a gizzard, a thick and muscular portion of the stomach used to help digest food. Often birds swallow small stones know as gizzard stones, which make their way to the gizzard itself where it helps to crush tough or difficult to digest food. These stones are know as gastroliths and have been found in some dino and bird fossils providing hints as to the diet of those animals. The presense of stones in the stomach, though isn’t defiinitive as to the purpose of the stones. There are some modern birtds of prey that swallow rocks to help move material through their digestive tract, cleaning it out, and it’s hard to differentiate between a gastrolith and a gastrolith that is a gizzard stone without knowing anything about the diet and habits of the animal using the stone. In the end, the reesearchers determined that the quart material found where the birds stomach would have been probably was a gastrolight at all. After exposing the supposed gastroliths to X-rays and a scanning electron microscope it was determined that the rocks were actually chalcedony crystals, quartz that grew in sedimentary rocks. There is evidence of chalcedony crystals forming with a clamshell, or replacing minerals in fossil bones. Furthermore, the crystals in this case were all connected in a thin sheet rather than separate rocks. The rocks were also much larger than would be expected of rocks swallowed by a bird that size. In the end there just wasn’t enough evidence, and some negative evidence against the idea that the rocks were in the birds stomach. Just goes to show, never count your gastroliths before they’s been swallowed.
We don’t have any examples of Enantiornithes, but you can check our our collection of fossils for sale here.
Top image is a photograph of the holotype of Zhouornis hani, a type of Enantiornithes,
By Yuguang Zhang, Jingmai O’Connor, Liu Di, Meng Qingjin, Trond Sigurdsen, Luis M. Chiappe – https://peerj.com/articles/407/, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=33060650
Perseverance’s First Full-Color Look at Mars – Source: NASA
On February 18th, the most recent of NASA’s Martian exploration probes, Perseverence, landed on Mars after a seven month transit through space. An evolution of the design of the Curiosity rover which landed in 2012, Perseverence was designed with four objectives in mind: to identify environments that in the past could supported microbial life; looking for actual signs of that past microbial life; testing oxygen production from the martian atmosphere as a first step in considering how to prepare Mars for humans; and finally collecting rock and soil samples. In honor of NASA dropping yet another mechanical rock hound onto the surface of Mars, we’ve decided it’s time to briefly review Martian geology.
Perseverance’s Big Wheels , How This Mechanical Rockhound Gets Around – Source: NASA
What is known of the geology of the red planet comes from three sources: Martian meteorites that have ended up on earth, samples collected by rovers on the Martian surface, and remote measurements taken by orbiters, spacecraft, spacecraft etc. The first category, Martian meteorites finds on earth are rare but have been discovered. The oldest suspected Martian meteorite is ALH8400, an achondrite orthopyroxenite rock found in the Allan Hills of Antarctica in 1984 estimated to be around 4.1 billion years old (plus or minus a lot of years). Now housed in the Smithsonian, this meteorite was famously and controversially reported as having features resembling certain modern terrestrial bacteria in their appendages. According to Wikipedia “Orthopyroxenite is an ultramafic and ultrabasic rock that is almost exclusively made from the mineral orthopyroxene, the orthorhombic version of pyroxene and a type of pyroxenite. It can have up to a few percent of olivine and clinopyroxene.” ALH84001 is not only unique for its possible or possibly not connection to Martian life, it is also the only member of the Martian orthopyroxenite group of meteorites. Quite a feat.
Besdies ALH84001, Martian meteorites are broadly classified as shergottites, nakhlites, chassignites and ungrouped. Most fall into the shergottites, named after the the meteor fall ar Sherghati, India in the mid 1800s. These are igneous rocks sub-classified as basaltic, olivine-phryic, or lherzolitic based crystal size and minteral content. In an attempt to be even more confusing this shergottites can also be classifed according to their rare earth content, and the two classification systems don’t line up with each other. Nakhlites, named after the fall in El-Nakhla, Egypt are igneous and rich augite fromed from basaltic magma on Mars from what is believed to be at least 4 separate volcanic eruptions approximately 1.5 billion years which spanned a 90 million year period. It is believed that the nakhlites in the very distant past were suffused with liquid water. The chassignites, named for the fall a Chassigny, Haute-Marne, Franceis a category consisting of two falls – the being found in the Western Sahara in 2000. Other than ALH8400, a number of other specimens fall into the other category, including the Kaidun meteorite fall from Yemen which may have originated on the Martian moon Phobos because Phobos has similarities to C-Type asteriods, and because the Kaidun is a carbonaceous chondrite which may contain fragments of material from the Martian surface. Needless to say, real martian meteorites are rare and valuable.
The data retrieved from orbiters, spacecraft and other sensors in space on on the other are more complicated to explain and there aren’t any neat rock pictures to show, so we’ll move on to the rovers and their rock sampling. If turquoise, amethyst or malachite were discovered by the martian rovers it would rewrite the geology and history of Mars, not to mention spurring some of us Terrans to rush to Mars to begin setting up local rock shops to cater to the inevitable rock hounds who would start streaming there. But it’s an extremetly unlikely event. The Martian surface falls somewhere between basalt and andesite rocks of Earth. This means that some minerals formed similar to what is found on Earth. The presence of iron oxide gives the red rust color to the surface. Perchlorate in high percentages makes the soil highly saline, but also opens the possibility of extract water. Carbonate and phyllosilicate minerals formed when water was present in large amounts in the past.
Among the phylosilicates present are kaolinite, monmoillonite, mica, and serprentine. Felsic minerals present inclute quartz, feldspar and maklynite. Gypsum, percholorate, ikaite, aragonite, ankerite, jarosite, olivine, pyroxene, augite, pigeonite, clinopyroxene, hematite, magnetite, and limenite are also present. Jarosite, incidently has been found on earth, rarely, usually as a result of mining waste exposed to rain and air, but also deep in the antarctic ice.
Of the mission seeking for life, well, that also has a geological slant. The rover is looking for something similar to a stromotolite, a material is formed from layerd microbial mats of photoshynthetic cyanobacteria that trap and bind sediment that can create a kind of living fossil. The belief is that if early microbial life existed on Mars, fossilized remains like stromotilite would be the most likely way to detect traces. While we wish Perseverence the best of luck in its search for life, our money is on its finding petrified wood – possibly Green Chromium Petrified Wood. That would be something. Not only would it rewrite Martian history as we know it, it might make that local Martian rock and crystal shop a profitable venture.
2.7 billion year old Tumbiana Stromatolite from an ancient lake environment on the souther margin of Pilbara Craton in Western Australia. – Source: NASA
We may not have any Martian meteorites in stock, but check out our selection of meteorites for sale on GeoRarities.com
If the mineral is green and gorgeous there is a good chance it’s malachite. Like its copper cousins Turquoise, Azurite, and Chrysocolla, Malachite is found in copper deposits. It first became useful to humans as an ore used by the ancients to produce copper metal. Today, its primary use is decorative: bracelets, necklaces, pendants, as a gemstone and cabochon, and other types of jewelry. It’s also popular as a tumbled stone and as a standout display specimen for rock and mineral collections.
North American deposits include Mexican deposits in Milpillas; American deposits in Bisbee, Morenci, Bingham Canyon and others; African deposits in Namibia, Gabon, Zambia, Uganda, and The Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire). Russia was at a one a major source of Malachite, particularly gem quality stones, however most of these deposits have been mined out and eclipsed by the quantity and quality of the African deposits. African mines product spectacular massive malachite specimens as well as gem quality malachite, and plancheite, cuprite and carrollite are also present in these deposits.
Malachite from a Smelter’s Crucible, Egyptian, Joint reign of Hatshepsut and Thutmose III, ca. 1479–1458 B.C., 18th Dynasty
Copper deposit don’t typically yield huge amounts of malachite. Previously, Russia was the only significant source of a large volume of gem-grade malachite, but as the Russian mines have declined and the African mines became available the African finds have far exceeded Russian production. African banded layers malachite is sometimes over a foot thick with very tightly packed submicroscopic needle crystals. Since the opening of the African mines, the mineral market has great cutting-grade malachite with bands of very light green to almost black- green.
Malachite was well known to the ancients. It’s Latin name, “Molchitis” derives from the Greek “molochites lithos” whose meaning is “mallow green stone” due to the mineral’s resemblance to the mallow plant’s leaves. Some evidence exists o Malachite mining in Britain at the Great Orme Mines perhaps as far back as the 3rd and 4th millenia B.C. There is also archaeological evidence of Malachite mining and smelting to produce copper 3,000 years ago in the Timna Valley, associated with King Solomon’s Mines in modern day Israel, where it is still mined to today to produce copper.
Lapidary, work with malachite requires a facemask. The copper carbonate dust from Malachite is poisonous. Most lapidaries use water to cut down on the dust in the air. Undercutting is often a problem during polishing, since each malachite band has a slightly different Mohs hardness, however experienced lapidaries shouldn’t have a problem. Banded malachite is always beautiful no matter how it is used.
Qing Chinese Malachite Carving, Late 18th – Early 19th Century. Seated Luohan With Servant
Above is an outstanding example of carved malachite. A Qing era Chinese art work originating in the late 19th through early 20th century, it depicts a seated luohan, or one who has achieved enlightenment. This particular luohan is identified as Nakula who sits in meditation with a rosary; a boy-servant attends at his feet. From his long eyebrows and position beneath a tree. Carved writing in the upper right corner is a poem of praise for Nakula in the upper right was authored by the Jiaqing emperor (r. 1796–1820) and inscribed in the hand of his elder brother Yongxing (1752–1823).
French Monumental Malachite Vase. Lapidary Work Early 19th Century, Pedestal And Mounts By Pierre Phillippe Thomire
The monumental vase above is crafted from Russian malachite, bronze, gilt bronze and a filling material. Malachite grows in layers of tiny crystals its colors correlating with different crystal sizes, creating the pattern. During the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, most malachite came from Russian mines by the noble Demidov family. The family exploited hardstone quarries and metal deposits located on their estates in the remote Ural Mountains. In the 1820s on of the great discoveries in the history of semiprecious stones happened when an enormous malachite boulder around five hundred tons was unearthed there. Malachite is extremely brittle, so only small display objects can be cut from single blocks of the material. Large objects require a core structure, to which the malachite can be attached in thin pieces, effectively a veneer. Russian craftsmen developed a method to use the stone’s natural pattern and a precision cutting technique to form a continuing or “endless” ornamentation. This type of veneering appears nearly seemless and is called “Russian mosaic”.
The Demidov family used the flashy appearance of malachite to improve their social status, filling their palaces with the material and even decorating an entire room with the green stone, which inspired Czar Nicolas I to commission the famous Malachite Room in the Czar’s Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg.
The monumental vase above is modeled on an ancient Roman bell-shaped krater, the most famous example of which is the first-century Medici Vase, now in the Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence. This shape was quite much admired through the early nineteenth century. Count Nikolai Demidov commissioned this particular malachite vase for his villa at San Donato, near Florence. Unlike with the Russian mosaic technique, large areas of this vase’s surface is composed of small malachite particles mixed with filling substance in the same way as modern terrazzo. This raw malachite was probably transported from one of his mines to Florence to be shaped and finished by local artists not trained in the specialized Russian technique. The vase would then have been sent onwards to Paris to be fitted with its mounts and pedestal.
The gilded bronze winged female figures on the body of the vase represent Fame. Their trumpets are shaped like handles, although the vase is too heavy to be lifted like a loving cup. A gilded bronze laurel garland of laurel (Laurus nobilis) runs under the lip mount. The laurel had been adopted by Lorenzo de’ Medici (who was also a lavish patron of the arts) as an emblem of his house with the motto “Ita ut virtus,” or “Thus is virtue”— that is to say, virtue is evergreen. It’s use here implies that the Demidov’s hoped that their fortune would also be evergreen.
The mounts and bronze pedestal were made by Pierre-Philippe Thomire (1751–1843), known throughout Europe for his bronze decorations and ornamental sculpture. He established a reputation before the French Revolution with beautiful mounts for Sèvres porcelain vases. In 1804 he founded a workshop that produced furniture as well as luxury bronzes.
Malachite with Azurite
|Property||Description of Malachite|
|Mohs Hardness:||3.5 to 4.0|
|Specific Gravity:||3.6 to 4.0|
|Cleavage:||Perfect in one direction, fair in a second direction|
|Diaphaneity:||Most examples are opaque while crystals are translucent|
|Luster:||Polishes to a very bright luster. Large specimens tend to be dull and earthy. Silky luster in fibrous examples. Unusual crystals trend from vitreous to adamantine.|
Even though chyrsocolla and azurite are both copper based minerals, malachite is a better indicator of the presence of significant copper deposits. The Copper Queen mine in Brisbee was created on the basis of malachite deposits.
Malachite Copper Crescent from Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Image of Malachite Taken Under a Stereoscopic Microscope
Malachite has a number of different cultural meanings and associations. For the Chinese, Malachite is a lucky stone for those born in the Year of the Rabbit or Year of the Tiger. For the ancient Egyptians, the color green was associated with death and the power of resurrection – as well as new life and fertility. They believed that the afterlife contained the “Field of Malachite”, an eternal paradise resembling their lives but with no pain or suffering. They also used the material in powder form for cosmetics, particularly to try to resemble Horus, the falcon headed god Those who believe in crystal healing, crystal spirituality believe the stone has any number of healing, or metaphysical properties on the body, spirit or chakra.
View our collection of beautiful malachite specimens for sale, perfect as display piece on your table or mantle, for your collection, or for use in spiritual or crystal healing.
Learn more about Malachite at Mindat.
First image by JJ Harrison (https://www.jjharrison.com.au/) – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7515677 .
Fifth image by Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10148274.
Sixth image by Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10130475.dex.php?curid=10148274.
Seventh image by Karolina Fok – Own work, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=84931097.rg/w/index.php?curid=10148274.
This week marks the 152nd anniversary of the discovery of Welcome Stranger, the largest alluvial gold nugget ever found. Discovered 1869 in Moliagul, Victoria, Australia, the Welcome Stranger nugget had a calculated refined weight of 3,123 troy ounces and measured 2 feet by 1 foot in size.
The mid 1850s in Australia was a period of great excitement. Just as in California, gold had been discovered, and thousands traveled to Victoria looking to make their fortune. In September of 1852 gold was found in the area of Moliagul – an area which would later become famous for the discovery of Welcome Stranger.
One of the William Parker re-enactment photos. William Parker was a photographer who had a studio in Dunolly.
Pictured are Miners & Their Wives (Including Richard Oates, John Deason & His Wife) Posing With a Replica of the Welcome Stranger Nugget
Image by William Parker – http://search.slv.vic.gov.au/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=MAIN&reset_config=true&docId=SLV_VOYAGER1719441, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=34745693
John Deason, a former tin dresser, and Richard Oates were two of the many miners who rushed to the area to make their fortune. Originally from Cornwall, England they had both staked claims in the area of Moliagul and set up small farms to support their operations. Deason was breaking the soil on his claim plot around the roots of a tree in Bulldog Gully near Moliagul in February of 1869 when he struck something hard about 3 cm below the soil. Originally thinking it was a rock, he hit it a second, then a third time. Finally clearing away the soil he discovered the massive gold nugget. Deason’s son quickly ran to the farm of Oates, his father’s partner, who was plowing his nearby paddock. Oates came over and helped cover up the nugget and they waited until dark when it would be safer to remove it. After they dug out the nugget, they held a party in order to reveal Welcome Stranger to their friends and neighbors.
Deason and Oates took the nugget into the town of Dunolly protected by a bodyguard composed of friends and sold the nugget at the London Chartered Bank of Australia for 10,000 pounds, or around $3-4 million in todays money. At that time there weren’t any scales capable of weighing this large of a nugget, so they had Dunolly based blacksmith Archibald Walls break the nugget into three pieces. The nugget was then melted down and the gold sent to Melbourne as ingots to be forwarded on to the Bank of England, leaving Australia on February 21st. The original nugget is believed to have weighed 241 lbs before being trimmed.
A story detailing the discovery was run in the Dunolly & Bet Bet Shire Express February 12th 1869, excerpted below:
The Dunolly district after having turned over a multitude of nuggets that puts every other goldfield in the Colony in the shade has at length, in the words of the Melbourne journals “beat the world” in producing the largest mass of gold on record. The ‘Welcome Stranger’ was found by two men, named John Deason and Richard Oates, on Friday last, February 5, 1869, near the Black Reef, Bull-dog Gully, Moliagul, a short distance from Wayman’s Reef, and only about a mile from the celebrated Gypsy Diggings. Deason and his mate have been working in the ground for several years past, and as is well known, had got, in digging parlance, so ‘hard up’ as to have been refused credit for a bag of flour a week or so ago, and we believe the very day before the discovery, were reminded by a tradesman that they were indebted to him for a few shillings. Still they persevered, until on the daynamed, Deason in working round the roots of a tree, at about two inches below the surface, struck something hard with a pick, and exclaimed, “D—n it, I wish it was a nugget” and had broken the pick. On stooping down to examine the obstacle, he found that the object of his dearest wish was lying at his feet, and it seemed as if the monster was so large as to be immovable. It was, however, at length released from its virgin soil, and carefully removed. The question then arose as to what was to be done with it, and the first intention was to convey it to Melbourne. When the men got to Dunolly with their prize, they were advised to take it to the bank and forthwith carried it to the London Chartered. The news of the discovery soon spread, and the bank was crowded with eager spectators, amongst whom was a number of Chinamen; and a constable was sent for to guard the prize. The weight in the gross was then found to be two hundred and ten pounds troy, and preparations were at once made to break the mass to pieces and smelt it. The appearance of the ‘Welcome Stranger’ in its pristine state was something wonderful, and it seemed impossible to realise the fact so great a mass of gold could be collected in one lump. But so it was. Many efforts were made to lift it, and many exclamations of surprise expressed at its immense weight and compactness. A sledgehammer and cold chisels were brought into requisition and several of the latter broken in the attempt to reduce into fragments the ‘Welcome Stranger’. It was found to be as solid as it looked, and as chip after chip and piece after piece was dissevered from it, its appearance was as clean as a well-cut Cheshire cheese. At length, after no less than five hours hammering, the monster was pounded up and smelted, the result being 2268 oz. 10d wts. 14 grs. of solid gold, exclusive of at least a pound weight, which was given by the delighted finders to their numerous friends, who were each anxious to retain a piece of the largest mass of gold the world has yet seen. Over nine thousand pounds were advanced on the nugget by the bank, the final value awaiting the result of assay. Some interest has been manifested as to the comparative size and value of the ‘Welcome Stranger’ and the ‘Welcome’ nugget found at Ballarat, to set which at rest we give the following particulars: -‘Welcome Nugget found in the claim of the Red Hill Company, Bakery Hill, Ballarat, on the evening of the 9th June, 1858. Weight 2,217 oz. 16d wts’. It will thus be seen that the ‘Welcome Stranger’ whose total weight (inclusive of the pieces distributed, and retained as referred to below, before being smelted) was in round numbers 2,300 ounces, being over 80 ounces heavier than the ‘Welcome’. Henceforth the almanacs, which have hitherto chronicled the Ballarat monster nugget, as the largest piece of gold on record will have to change the name to the ‘Welcome Stranger’, found in the Dunolly district, near Moliagul. Several interesting incidents might be published in connection with the finding and finders of the nugget. Oates has, we believe, neither kith nor kin with whom to share his prize, but probably soon will have. Deason has a wife and family at Moliagul, where he holds 80 acres of land under the 42nd section, which we believe he intends to settle down upon and cultivate. Oates, we understand, intends shortly to visit his home at Lands End.
Excerpt from Dunolly & Bet Bet Shire Express February 12th 1869, by gracious permission of the Dunolly Museum, Victoria, Australia
The Dunolly & Bet Bet Shire Express February 12th 1869 continued…
Since writing the above we have visited the locality to be henceforth rendered world wide in its fame. The spot where the nugget was found is marked by a post, and was pointed out to us by the two fortunate finders of this truly ‘Welcome Stranger’. Messrs. Deason and Oates inform us that they came to the colony in the year 1854. On the 19th February in that year they reached Bendigo, and from that time have been engaged as working miners, with the varied successes and difficulties appertaining to digger life. On the whole they have just managed to make a living by dint of hard work and thrift. About seven years ago they settled down at Moliagul, and have been steadily working there ever since chiefly, washing about nine inches to a foot of the surface soil in an old fashioned horse puddling machine. Mr Deason informed us that they had many times washed a whole week for half an ounce of gold, while at other times they were very fortunate. Within about a hundred yards from the spot where the ‘Welcome Stranger’ was unearthed they, some time ago, found two other nuggets, one weighing 108 ounces, and the other 36 ounces. They have stripped and washed the surface soil from several acres of land and their working are easily traced by the red clay they have bared. They informed us that this red clay contained a little gold, but not enough to pay, consequently they do not wash it. They pointed out to us a peculiar kind of red clay similar to half burnt brick, which they regard as indicative of gold, and which has always been found associated with their larger finds, and particularly so with the immense mass of gold found by them on Friday last. It is much to be regretted that this, the largest mass of gold ever found, at any rate of which there is any record, should have been melted before any model of it was made, and the fortunate owners expressed to us their regret that such had been the case. But when they discovered it the mass, as may be supposed, was unwieldy, so much so that it had to be forced from its bed by a large lever, and the place is a very solitary one, anything indeed but such a place as one would care to keep ₤10,000 worth of gold, or to risk making its discovery known until it could by surrounded by the necessary protection. The mass when found was taken to Mr Deason’s hut and placed in the fire for the purpose of rendering the quartz friable, and Deason sat up the whole of Friday night burning and reducing the mass into a somewhat manageable shape, and the debris containing it is estimated about a pound and a half weight of gold. This done, they took it to Dunolly, as previously stated, and it was at their request that the nugget was at once broken up and smelted. Some golden stone was also broken out of the Black Reef itself, specimens of, which are preserved. It is worthy of remark that at the time of our visit, Deason and his mate were working away in their shirtsleeves at the claim as if nothing had happened out of the ordinary. We are glad that the monster has fallen to the lot of such steady and industrious men.
Excerpt from Dunolly & Bet Bet Shire Express February 12th 1869, by gracious permission of the Dunolly Museum, Victoria, Australia
Wood Engraving of Welcome Stranger Published March 1st, 1869 in The Illustrated Australian News for Home Reader
Image by Unknown author – http://sinpic.slv.vic.gov.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?DB=local&BBID=49297 [dead link]http://search.slv.vic.gov.au/MAIN:Everything:SLV_VOYAGER1690285, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=15058593
There were other large nugget found in Australia, including the Holtermann Nugget discovered at Hill End, New South Wales in 1872, which weighed 290 kg. The Holtermann nugget is the single largest gold mass ever discovered, but whether it is technically a nugget remains a bit controversial. One characteristic of a nugget is that it left the lode at some point in the past and is no longer within the host rock, in other words it has broken off from the original lode of gold and has been carried away by water or erosion. The Holtermann was what was called “reef gold” after the quartz reefs often sought ought by the hard rock miners. The hand of Faith gold nugget was found in 1980 near Wedderburn, Australia and weighs in at 875 troy ounces (61 lbs, 11 oz). Other famous nuggets have been discovered in California, Alaska and Montana in the United States.
Deason returned to live in Moliagul and his descendants are still in the region,, but Oates later returned to Cornwall.
A monument consisting of a large stone obelisk surrounded by a fence was erected near the spot of the discovery of Welcome Stranger in 1897. The top image above is a replica of the nugget. A replica of the nugget is located in today in Melbourne, Victoria in the Old Treasury Building. The descendants of Deason own another replica now on display in the the town of Dunolly.
Top image by photographer:Rodney Start, Museums Victoria, https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/articles/3019
Description of Sodalite
A gorgeous blue mineral occurring in silica poor igneous rocks which contain other silica poor minerals and no quartz. , Sodalite’s distinctive color ranges from royal blue to light blue and white. It is often confused with lazurite, lazulite and azurite. Less common forms varieties include Hackmanite (found in Afghanistan) which is a tenebrescent violet-pink. Other forms include transparent Sodalite, which is very rare, and grayer and paler samples which sometimes fluorescent. Sodalite-bearing rocks include: nepheline syenite, trachyte, and phonolite and deposits are found in Namibia, Greenland, Russia, Brazil, Italy, and Canada (Ontario and British Columbia). Small colorless crystals are found at Monte Somma, Vesuvius and at Vico Lake, near Viterbo in Italy. Sodalite deposits in the United States are found in Arkansas and Maine.
A Remarkable, Sharp, Isolated Hackmanite (Sodalite) Crystal from Koksha Valley, Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan
Origin of the Name Sodalite
The name Sodalite is derived from the sodium content of the mineral and was by a Glasgow chemist, Professor Thomas Thomson. The mineral was first described after being discovered in the Ilimaussaq Alkaline Complex, Narsaq, Greenland. Technically the name refers to a group of minerals with a similar isometric structure and related chemistry, and named after the most common of these minerals, also named sodalite. The Sodalite group is a member of the feldspathoid minerals. Other members of this mineral group include: Nosean, Hayne, and Lazurite.
Azul Bahia Granite – Sodalite Metasyenite from the Precambrian of Brazil.
Other Neat Facts!
Primarily used for decorative purposes particularly as cabochons for jewelry, beads and tumbled stones. Sodalite is one of the few blue rocks used for that purpose that is still reasonably priced.
Crystal sodalite tends to be rare, but large granular masses have been found near Bancroft, Ontario. Nearly 130 tons was of the material was mined from the Bancroft deposit and shipped to the U.K to decorate Marlborough House mansion in London – the headquarters of the Commonwealth of Nations and at one time the residence of the Princess of Wales.
Close Up View of Sodalite
View our collection of beautiful sodalite specimens, perfect as display piece on your table or mantle, for your collection, or for use in spiritual or crystal healing.
Other names for sodalite include alomite, bluestone and canadian lapis.
Learn more about sodalite at Mindat.
First image by Philippe Giabbanelli licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0. Bottom image: By The original uploader was Tillman at English Wikipedia. – Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons., CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9433359.
Second image by Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10451113.
Third image by James St. John – Azul Bahia Granite (sodalite metasyenite, Itabuna Syenite Complex, Neoproterozoic, ~676 Ma; Fazenda Hiassu, Bahia State, Brazil) 12, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=58087558
Fourth image by Philippe Giabbanelli licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0. Bottom image: By The original uploader was Tillman at English Wikipedia. – Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons., CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9433359. | <urn:uuid:4a2e51fd-a496-493f-b762-b6a9d22a27d5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://georarities.com/2021/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.896661 | 12,982 | 3.3125 | 3 |
Best and Worst of Neuroscience and Neurology – October 2015by Viatcheslav Wlassoff, PhD | November 8, 2015
In this review, I’m presenting a selection of research articles published in October. As usual, many new interesting findings were made public this month, and the small selection in this article reflects mostly my personal opinion of their importance.
On the 9th of October, scientific community marked the birthday of Sir Peter Mansfield. Peter Mansfield received the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his works on magnetic resonance imaging.
The research of Professor Mansfield laid both theoretical and technical foundation for acquisition of internal body images with the use of MRI and the development of methods of functional MRI. These days, fMRI is one of the most commonly used techniques in both neuroscience research and in clinical settings. In fact, around half of the studies listed below used MRI to get the experimental data.
Brains of young people and physically active elderly men function similarly
It is well established that physical activity and mental fitness are linked, and physically active older adults perform better in mental tests. But what exactly happens in the brain of older individuals with different levels of physical activity remained unknown.
In a new landmark study published this month, Japanese researchers have provided the answer to this question. It is known that younger people predominantly use the left side of their prefrontal cortex (PFC) while performing mental tasks. As we age, we start using both left and right PFCs – this broadening of brain area involved in the task performance is viewed as a compensation for the age-related reduced brain capacity. However, in physically active older people the left side PFC remains much more active during mental tasks. Apparently, their brains retain the youth-like mechanisms of mental activity for tasks involving memory and attention.
Cancer drug shown to be a promising memory enhancer
Nootropics, memory-enhancing compounds, have always fascinated both scientists and non-scientists alike. And yet another promising compound has appeared from a rather unexpected corner.
In the recently published study on animals, a drug currently called as RGFP966 and developed as a cancer therapeutic was demonstrated to enhance memory and facilitate making the connections between neurons. Scientists think that this compound might be developed into treatment for Alzheimer’s patients, helping them to better retain memories.
Simple test for Lewy Body disease suggested
Although Lewy Body Dementia (LBD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, few people have ever heard of this condition. LBD is often diagnosed very late or, even worse, misdiagnosed and treated as a different condition. The lack of neurologists skilled in recognizing LBD worsens the problem further.
A newly developed simple and fast test called “Lewy Body Composite Risk Score” (LBCRS) will help greatly in addressing this problem. The test is a one-page questionnaire that can be filled in three minutes. Despite its apparent simplicity, its accuracy in diagnosing early-stage LBD is almost 97%. Such accuracy and simplicity have a potential to make a huge difference for millions of affected patients.
Rehearsal helps to store memories
Most of our memories are short-lived. The mechanism of forming long-term memories is different from the one involved in the short-term retention of the current flow of information. Although we still don’t know the details of how long-term memories are formed and stored, we know that the crucial part of brain in this process is the posterior cingulate.
New findings by British scientists published this month demonstrate that this region of brain becomes activated when we actively try to remember important information by rehearsing it. Researchers have shown that simple rehearsal of information immediately, or as soon as possible after obtaining it, helps to integrate new memories into the brain and allows one to successfully recall them 1-2 weeks after the event. Information that is not rehearsed becomes largely forgotten after this period of time.
Surprisingly high mutation rates in neurons
One interesting and rather unexpected discovery was published this month in Science. Using the new technology of single-cell genome sequencing, researchers from Howard Hughes Medical Institute were studying mutations in individual neurons from the human brain. It turned out that an average neuron contains more than 1,000 different mutations, mostly in the actively expressed parts of their DNA. This rate of mutations is significantly higher than in other somatic cells, but neither its mechanisms nor functional significance is clear at the moment.
The discovery adds yet another dimension to the complexity of brain organization and poses more questions that need to be answered. In the meantime, the scientists have demonstrated that the mutation data can be successfully used to trace the history and origin of individual neurons. This will help us to attain a better picture of brain development.
Diet high in fructose detrimental for recovery after brain injury
The consumption of high amounts of fructose is linked to a range of chronic and serious conditions such as diabetes, cancer, fatty liver disease and obesity.
New research data show that excessive fructose consumption can also slow down the recovery from traumatic brain injury and concussion. In the animal study published this month, the efficiency of recovery from TBI was reduced by 30% in mice kept on high-fructose diet. Unfortunately, fructose is plentiful in Western diet, with average American consuming almost 8 teaspoons of fructose daily.
Mechanism of forgetting memories discovered
Neuroscientists are naturally interested in mechanisms of memory formations. The mechanisms for forgetting memories, however, receives relatively little attention. The working assumption was that the memories naturally disappear when they are not evoked or used on a regular basis. Swedish researchers took a closer look to the phenomenon of forgetting, with rather surprising results.
It turned out that our brain has a specific dedicated mechanism for forgetting memories, in which memories considered less important get actively erased. Scientists believe that this is done to conserve energy since maintaining association pathways is an energetically costly process.
Male and female brains are not as different as previously thought
In the last few years we have witnessed a significant number of publications pointing to various differences in male and female brain. With clearly different behavioral traits between sexes, it is tempting to explain them by gender-related differences in brain structure. Many research publications claimed that the size of hippocampus, a part of brain involved in consolidating our memories, which appears to be larger in females. However, the results of new meta-analysis published this month do not confirm this view.
Researchers combined and analyzed data from 76 studies involving more than 6,000 individuals. Although some smaller studies observed gender-related differences in the size of hippocampus, large statistical data demonstrate that these differences are either very small or trivial.
No clear link between IQ and brain size
Another recent meta-analysis of large statistical data helped to debunk a long-held view that our intellectual abilities are linked to the absolute size of our brain.
Combined together with various published data on the brain size and IQ of 8,000 individuals, scientists found that the connection between the two is small and statistically insignificant. Clearly, many opinions in neuroscience are still based on popular beliefs rather than firm data!
Smoking is an overdose/addiction risk factor in the use of painkiller codeine
Codeine, a commonly prescribed painkiller, is known to cause its pain-relieving effect by converting into morphine in the liver. The extent of pain-relieving effect of the compound, however, varies significantly among patients, even when the blood level of morphine is the same.
New research data demonstrate that codeine can get converted to morphine not only in the liver but also in the brain, and the level of morphine in brain determines the strength of codeine’s effect. Alarmingly, the level of codeine-converting enzyme in the brain is significantly elevated in smokers, apparently under the influence of nicotine. This may lead to generation of much higher level of morphine in response to a standard codeine dose, and thus may lead to overdose and even addiction, with prolonged drug administration. Although the exact dose-effect relationship in smokers is not yet established, this is something healthcare professionals should take into consideration when prescribing codeine.
Agrawal R et al. Dietary fructose aggravates the pathobiology of traumatic brain injury by influencing energy homeostasis and plasticity. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 2015. doi: 10.1177/0271678X15606719
Bieszczad, K., Bechay, K., Rusche, J., Jacques, V., Kudugunti, S., Miao, W., Weinberger, N., McGaugh, J., & Wood, M. (2015). Histone Deacetylase Inhibition via RGFP966 Releases the Brakes on Sensory Cortical Plasticity and the Specificity of Memory Formation Journal of Neuroscience, 35 (38), 13124-13132 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0914-15.2015
Bird, C., Keidel, J., Ing, L., Horner, A., & Burgess, N. (2015). Consolidation of Complex Events via Reinstatement in Posterior Cingulate Cortex Journal of Neuroscience, 35 (43), 14426-14434 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1774-15.2015
Galvin JE (2015). IMPROVING THE CLINICAL DETECTION OF LEWY BODY DEMENTIA WITH THE LEWY BODY COMPOSITE RISK SCORE. Alzheimer’s & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 1 (3), 316-324 PMID: 26405688
Hyodo, K., Dan, I., Kyutoku, Y., Suwabe, K., Byun, K., Ochi, G., Kato, M., & Soya, H. (2015). The association between aerobic fitness and cognitive function in older men mediated by frontal lateralization NeuroImage DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.09.062
Lodato, M., Woodworth, M., Lee, S., Evrony, G., Mehta, B., Karger, A., Lee, S., Chittenden, T., D’Gama, A., Cai, X., Luquette, L., Lee, E., Park, P., & Walsh, C. (2015). Somatic mutation in single human neurons tracks developmental and transcriptional history Science, 350 (6256), 94-98 DOI: 10.1126/science.aab1785
McMillan, D., & Tyndale, R. (2015). Nicotine Increases Codeine Analgesia Through the Induction of Brain CYP2D and Central Activation of Codeine to Morphine Neuropsychopharmacology, 40 (7), 1804-1812 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.32
Pietschnig, J., Penke, L., Wicherts, J., Zeiler, M., & Voracek, M. (2015). Meta-analysis of associations between human brain volume and intelligence differences: How strong are they and what do they mean? Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 57, 411-432 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.09.017
Rasmussen, A., Zucca, R., Johansson, F., Jirenhed, D., & Hesslow, G. (2015). Purkinje cell activity during classical conditioning with different conditional stimulus explains central tenet of Rescorla–Wagner model Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1516986112
Tan, A., Ma, W., Vira, A., Marwha, D., & Eliot, L. (2016). The human hippocampus is not sexually-dimorphic: Meta-analysis of structural MRI volumes NeuroImage, 124, 350-366 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.08.050
Antidepressant May Benefit Traumatic Brain Injury
This Sunday February 14th (9 p.m. ET), the Emmy-nominated Brain Games tv-show is back! Wonder junkie Jason Silva returns to our screens, teaming up with... READ MORE →
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Like what you read? Give to Brain Blogger sponsored by GNIF with a tax-deductible donation.Make A Donation | <urn:uuid:d51eb3e0-e820-41d2-b790-fa484b6f9077> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://brainblogger.com/2015/11/08/best-and-worst-of-neuroscience-and-neurology-october-2015/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00528-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.916234 | 2,599 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Chitta Baz, (White Falcon), is traditionally the name given to one of Guru Gobind Singh`s favourite falcons that he would carry perched on his hand when going out for on a Shikar (hunt) or for some falconry. This image of the Guru the white falcon resting upon his right hand has survived in folklore and in portraiture, and he is known to this day as chittian bajanvala, Master of the White Hawk.
Guru Gobind Singh Ji, the tenth master of the Sikhs, has had many titles bestowed upon him, one of the most beautiful was ‘Chittay baaja wala” or Chittian Bajanvala), the keeper of the white falcon. To infuse his Sikhs with worth and valour the Tenth Guru conducted his affairs as a Emperor, infact another title for Guru Gobind Singh Ji is “shah–hay–shehanshah”, the Shah (King) of all Shahs. Guru Ji held darbar (court) where he met with Rajas and emperors as well as the poor and needy. Guru Ji conducted his affairs fully armed (shastardhari) and sat on the Takhat (Throne). The image of Guru Ji with a sword, a quiver of arrows and his shield draped at his side, with a Kalgi (royal plume) decorating his turban while holding the white bird of prey is a very potent image; one that is etched into the minds of all devoted Sikhs.
The few places the bird of prey is mentioned historically the word used ‘baaj’ and most strikingly – the colour of the falcon was white. The word Baaj is sanskrit in origin and mostly it is agreed that it refers to a falcon as opposed to a hawk or an osprey. The peregrine falcon first springs to mind but one would not describe it as predominantly white. If the historical anecdotes are to be believed then it is most likely that the 'white bird of prey' which the 10th Guru handled was either a Gyrfalcon or Saker Falcon. The possibility also exits that it was just a rare (totally white) falcon, like the rare white elephants so valued in Asia.
- The Gryfalcon is the only 'regularly white falcon' that exists, it's also the largest of the falcons and would have been a very prized possession during the seventeenth century especially in Asia. This is because it would have been a valuable commodity for dignitaries and rich individuals to bring and sell to royalty in India and South East Asia. The Gyrfalcon is the largest and most magnificent of the falco genus. In the most northerly part of its range it is almost uniformly white, becoming darker as it moves further south. With a wingspan of up to 63" (160 cm) and a body weight of up to 4.6 lb (2.1kg) it is indeed an impressive and powerful bird. Its preferred terrain is invariably open country, mountains or tundra.The gyrfalcon's diet is mainly birds. Chief among these is the Arctic Ptarmigan, although sea and water birds, including large ducks and geese do feature. The prey is normally taken on the wing, although ground catches are not uncommon.
- The Saker falcon (also known as Falco Cherrug or Steppe Saker) originates from northern Russia and has a special place in Mongoloid culture. It is larger then a peregrine falcon and has a wide wing span for its size. The saker falcon has a range of colour, from dark grey, brown, to almost white. Saker falcons are also thought to breed with gyrfalcons and form a hybrid. They have been used as reliable and fast messengers to deliver letters, and were given as special gifts to khans (kings) and rulers of other countries, but were most commonly used in hunting. The whitest phase of this species occurs in the colder reaches of northern Asia.
- The Saker is one of the largest Falcon species, and related to the Gyrfalcon. There are a number of colour-phases, ranging from very pale to very dark plumage. In the field they can be difficult to distinguish between Lanner and Lugger Falcons. Their larger size is generally a good indicator. The Saker is a widespread species that ranges from Eastern Europe, across the northern parts of central Asia, to the Russian far east, China and Mongolia. They can exist at very high altitudes, with nests being recorded at 5200m above sea level. Sakers are mainly a bird of the plains and steppes. Some populations show strong migratory tendencies. The diet of the Saker changes in various parts of its range. In northern Eurasia, they regularly predate small to medium sized rodents, such as Sousliks (a ground squirrel), Pikas (a small rabbit-like mammal) and Lemmings. Birds such as doves and starlings will also be taken. Sakers are also known to steal food from other raptors
It is because of these birds rarity that they would have been in extremely huge demand by emperors and kings in South East Asia and one born totally white would be the most prized of all. What more befitting a bird for Guru Gobind Singh Ji to handle as his favourite.
Stories Of Guru ji's Baaz
The baaj features in a number of stories relating to the Guru. Once Guru Gobind Singh Ji was in the forest and he let the baaj fly off towards a small animal scurrying about in the undergrowth. The baaj caught the animal and flew back to the Guru. It tore at the animal and fed on it. The accompanying Sikhs were taken aback by this incident and asked Guru Ji to explain. “In a previous time the baaj and this animal were friends. The one who is now dead asked for a loan and swearing on the Almightys name said that he would pay it back. He was devious and never did return it, so this is payback time.” In this incident Guru Ji enlightened his Sikhs that if you take something that is not yours or promise to return it then you will be held to that promise no matter what.
The most significant story concerning the baaj is in 1699 when Guru Sahib Ji used his Khanda to stir the Amrit (holy nectar). As he was about to initiate the Panj Piares, a few drops of amrit that had fallen from the iron cauldron, were readily consumed by a few sparrows. The sparrows suddenly turned on the baaj and repeatedly assaulted him to such an extent that he had to take flight, followed vigorously by the sparrows. This incident showed the Sikhs that the amrit created by the Tenth Guru had immense power, after drinking a few drops a small sparrow not only had the courage to take on a bird of prey but to harass it until it took flight and fled. Guru Gobind Singh Ji said “I will create my Khalsa of such courage and vigour that he will take on armies of the enemy, he will stand up for the poor and the downtrodden – Sava Lakh say ek ladaho (One will confront a lakh and a quarter of the enemy).”
And more recently in 1984 amongst the turmoil and terrible fate of so many Sikhs a white baaj appeared, seen by many it circled and perched on a branch, telling the Sikhs that the Guru was with them. From time to time a white baaj is seen in the mountains of the Himalayas in the surrounding areas of Hemkund Sahib where Guru Gobind Singh Ji performed much hard meditation to merge with the Almighty. | <urn:uuid:e714b354-b19f-4cb5-9c37-a81887beeed6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/White_Falcon | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.976478 | 1,649 | 2.484375 | 2 |
The question that arises: «What is the best site to learn SQL for sysadmins?» is a common one, and there are several options. There are many online tutorials available, including Khan Academy, Codecademy, and Stanford Database Course, but which one should a complete beginner choose? These resources are not only affordable, but also excellent. Some of them offer certifications from top companies.
If you’re new to SQL, and want to learn the basics of the language, there are several online courses available on PluralSight. One course covers PL/SQL, the query language used to manage data in relational databases. It covers everything from data types to loops and conditions, triggers, and more. In addition, the course provides a free version for beginners, and is hosted by statistical computer programmer Dan Sullivan.
The Introduction to SQL course by Jon Flanders covers the basics of the Structured Query Language. Students will learn how to query data and shape results using aggregate functions, as well as how to create and modify tables. Additionally, premium members will have access to the practice exam for the certification. This way, even if you’re a complete beginner, you can learn all the basics and become a SQL pro quickly.
The course will cover the basics of SQL, including the language’s syntax and flavours. It covers database fundamentals and dives into single table analysis using queries and the MySQL Workbench. It also discusses database analysis across multiple tables using Join statements. The course is designed to be hands-on, so it teaches students analytical thinking skills while applying the material to real-life situations. It will teach them to create and run queries, and develop their own SQL database to store and analyze data.
As a complete beginner, it’s crucial to know how to build reports in Microsoft SQL Server. If you’re a DBA, you’ll need to know how to do that in order to build valuable reports. This course will teach you how to do that and will prepare you to be a valuable asset to your organization. It also teaches you how to use reports in Microsoft SQL Server and many other databases.
Another great thing about this course is the fact that it’s designed for beginners. You don’t need any prior knowledge to take it. You can even start with the basics if you have no experience in databases. You can learn SQL from a complete beginner, and you’ll be able to use it to build a database and use it in any way you choose. You can even integrate it with other databases, like excel or Tableau.
There are a lot of online courses out there that claim to teach SQL, but which ones are the best? The best online courses take a linear approach to learning and progress on tougher topics only after students have gained sufficient insight and experience. These courses also consider each student’s programming level and provide in-course support to help you complete the course. In addition to these, they offer free course materials and are designed for beginners.
The best online course for SQL starts with fundamentals, and then gradually teaches you how to use the language in more complex ways. You will learn about data types, how to filter your results, and how to use common operators like join and subquery. You’ll also learn about data governance and profiling, and you’ll be able to apply your newly-acquired knowledge in real-world programming assignments.
If you’re a complete beginner who wants to learn SQL, Codecademy’s online course is the best option. Developed by top developers and experts, it contains more than a dozen free tutorials and interactive exercises. Learners can practice SQL queries on a browser and see the results as they are generated. It’s an excellent resource for people who are new to the language, and you’ll quickly learn the most important techniques.
Codecademy’s website is easy to use. Sign-up is easy and you can try out the SQL course on the site for free before deciding to pay for a subscription. The site features a user dashboard that allows you to review your progress and ask questions in a community forum. You’ll also get instant feedback on your code. You can also try Codecademy’s free trial, which offers seven days of access to all courses. You can also sign up for the PRO or Teams plan for enterprise customers.
Another website that offers free SQL tutorials is DataCamp. It offers 22 courses for beginners. These courses focus on developing skills related to data science, data engineering, and other data science. Additionally, the site includes a section for theoretical courses. The courses are structured around career paths, such as Data Science, Machine Learning, and Python. All three of these sites offer additional resources, such as projects based on real data.
Stanford Database Course
If you’re a complete beginner to databases, you might consider enrolling in the Stanford Database Course for a total beginners. This course is designed by experts and features a comprehensive curriculum, including topics such as joins, triggers, ACID properties, insertion, update, and deletion. The course also includes suggested resources to further your learning. Here’s how to enroll:
«Relational Databases and SQL.» is Stanford University’s inaugural course, and it’s the first of a five-part series of database courses. Designed for beginners, this course introduces relational databases and SQL. The course also provides a solid foundation in the field of data mining. It also provides an overview of the basics of database management. And while it’s designed for complete beginners, you’ll still need to have a general knowledge of computer science to benefit from the course.
The course also introduces common SQL flavours, including PL/SQL. It also discusses key database concepts, such as indexing, joining tables, and writing queries. The course includes real-world challenges and exercises that give students hands-on experience. It also teaches students how to use database design, including understanding the differences between OLTP and OLAP databases, as well as the administrative aspects of the data.
Students who complete the course will receive a statement of achievement. It will include information about their performance and will be sent to them upon graduation. Stanford database courses are not mandatory, but those who complete them will receive a statement of accomplishment. It’s also important to note that if you’re enrolling in an online course, you’ll have to attend a regular course in order to receive a Stanford certificate. The instructors hope to translate the lectures into text, so you’ll be able to review them at your convenience. You can also submit questions to professors, and the best ones will be answered.
There are a number of online courses available that are free for beginners. Stanford University’s online course is particularly useful for beginners. You can access a free version of the course and pass the quizzes. Another free course on database programming is offered by Pluralsight, a popular online learning forum. Featuring SQL expert Dan Sullivan, the course is hosted by Pluralsight. This course is available for free without a registration fee.
If you are completely new to SQL and have absolutely no experience whatsoever, Udemy has you covered. The SQL for NEWBS crash course is the perfect place to start. The instructor explains the concepts of MySQL database in an easy-to-understand manner. He walks you through the installation process and teaches you the most important SQL functions, including aggregates and multiple queries. The course is suitable for both college graduates and non-technical people.
The Udemy course is well structured and has over 20 coding exercises. The tutor explains each topic step by step, with short examples. Each exercise is graded so that you can check your understanding. The course also includes tests, which are helpful for determining your level of proficiency. Moreover, the course covers advanced concepts like SQL parallelism, data science, machine learning, and SQL querying.
The course covers all topics covered in the other SQL courses. However, it lacks some important topics such as user-defined functions, which are essential for SQL. You also won’t learn about views, triggers, or Oracle. However, this course is great for those who are new to this technology and would like to know how to work with it without any prior knowledge. If you’re completely new to SQL and want to get a head start, this is the site to sign up for.
While many people have a general understanding of the language, a Udemy course goes into more detail. The course covers SQL fundamentals, as well as advanced topics such as window functions and conditional expressions. In addition, the course also has 100s of puzzles to help you improve your skills. You can also get a better understanding of how SQL works if you have no experience working with databases.
If you are completely new to SQL and want to develop an expertise in the language, Udemy is the best place to get started. Its SQL course covers basic concepts and also teaches how to use SQL to query data and analyse it. Throughout the course, you will get to see the inner workings of a database and learn how to write queries to manipulate it. The course also covers how to use queries to sort and select data.
You can learn SQL through free online courses. Coursera is one option. This site offers interactive online courses. A bootcamp is another option. Several resources provide free or low-cost online courses. However, you should make sure to choose the best one for your needs. Listed below are the best ways to learn SQL. They are also recommended by other beginners. Whether you are a total beginner or an experienced database administrator, there’s an online course to suit you.
If you’re not sure about SQL, you might consider a crash course to learn the basics. However, professional online SQL courses are usually quite expensive. If you’re already proficient in data analysis, it may be best to look for courses that skip the basics of SQL and focus on more advanced concepts. Not all online courses teach SQL in the same way. Here are some tips for choosing the best SQL course.
The Raspberry Foundation course is an excellent course that teaches you SQL from scratch. This course is taught using MySQL, which makes it easy for beginners to follow along. You’ll learn all about tables, relationships between tables, aggregate functions, joins, grouping data, exporting data, and much more. There are no prerequisites for this course. The course is interactive and focuses on solving real-world queries.
You’ll learn about the different flavours of SQL and how to use it in relational databases. It will also teach you how to use queries to select data and sort it, so you can get started immediately. You’ll also learn how to use Join statements to query data from multiple tables, which is an essential skill to master in this field. Throughout the course, you’ll have plenty of practice running queries and learning analytical skills.
Whether you want a free or paid course, you can find a good online course on SQL on Coursera. The free courses are usually designed for beginners, and there are several options available. If you’re looking for a free online SQL course, you should check out the Stanford University course. It offers excellent video tutorials, and a great community of users. You might even find something you like on the free site.
Coursera offers free SQL lessons
This course will introduce you to SQL, and will teach you how to write basic queries. This course will also teach you about the SELECT statement, which allows you to retrieve data from a table. In addition, you will learn about filters, aggregation, and grouping data. Using a SELECT statement effectively means knowing how to use the different commands in SQL. You will also learn about the many types of JOINS.
The first SQL lesson covers the basics of the language, as well as different types of interfaces. The SELECT statement, for example, covers data types, operators, and conversions. You will also learn about filtering data and conditional functions. Finally, you’ll learn how to use aliases, which make query results more readable. Once you’ve mastered the fundamentals of SQL, you’ll want to branch out and learn more advanced topics.
If you don’t want to invest in an expensive SQL class, you can always opt for a free course. There are plenty of online classes that cover the basics of SQL, including W3Schools’ course. You can also check out YouTube for free SQL tutorials. But for a comprehensive and easy-to-follow course, we recommend FreeCodeCamp’s four-hour course on SQL. It’s also free, so there’s no need to worry about money or time.
Another great option for beginners is the Stanford University course. This course can be accessed in non-registered and registered modes. Both modes save your progress and can be completed in your own time. If you’re not interested in learning the basics of SQL, you can try Khan Academy’s free courses instead. Coursera offers free SQL lessons for beginners, and you can choose the level that suits your learning style.
For more advanced learners, there are a couple of courses on Coursera. You can take Introduction to Structured Query Language, which starts from basics and works up to more complex topics. This course includes installation of XAMPP, creating a MySql database, and performing single table queries. It also covers the basics of SQL syntax, as well as teaching you how to use functions and triggers. You can also try out four case study projects.
Coursera offers interactive online courses
If you’re new to database management, Coursera has you covered. This course covers everything from creating tables to writing queries and subqueries to using aggregate functions. Each course is led by an expert in the field and includes interactive exercises to motivate students. You can even earn XP for completing each module, so you’ll be rewarded with a certificate at the end of the program.
The first course, SQL 101, teaches the basics of the language. The course starts with the basics of SQL, covering topics like creating tables and moving data into them. You’ll also learn about common operators and how to combine data and perform more sophisticated queries. It’s also geared towards improving the skills of aspiring data analysts and scientists. You’ll learn to use Microsoft SQL or PostgreSQL databases, and you’ll learn about data governance and profiling as well. Coursera’s courses are completely free to take, and all you need to have are a computer and an Internet connection.
The course teaches students how to understand and create databases and use SQL. This course uses real-life examples, like Startup Trends database, to help students learn more about how to use the language. The course also includes exercises and problems that help students understand concepts. In addition to the online course, Coursera also offers downloadable resources and on-demand videos. Regardless of whether you’re a beginner or experienced database manager, it’s a great way to learn more about this vital skill.
While there are many excellent free online courses, it’s also best to invest in a subscription for full access to the Coursera database. These courses are all written by renowned experts in their fields, and they’re well worth the investment. You can even enroll in the premium course that will offer you unlimited access to all the courses, including SQL. Coursera’s SQL Bootcamp is an excellent SQL course for beginners. The course is based on intensive learning and incorporates both live coding and slides to teach concepts.
The course begins by introducing the fundamentals of SQL, with lessons on query syntax, nested queries, and data types. The course goes on to discuss advanced topics, including triggers, indexes, and combining SQL with tableau. The course also allows students to execute SQL queries in a browser and view the results in real time. It doesn’t matter if you’re a total beginner or a seasoned professional. Coursera’s beginner SQL courses will help you to get the skills you need to use the database to make a meaningful impact.
Coursera offers a bootcamp
The SQL bootcamp course provides an overview of the basics of SQL and MySQL databases. You’ll learn SQL theory, the structure of tables and columns, and how to create and use queries. In addition, you’ll learn about various joins and functions. This course is aimed at aspiring data scientists and analysts. You won’t need any previous experience to take the course. The content is simple and straightforward.
The program’s tasks are designed to help you land a job after you finish. Bootcamp students can use the projects to showcase their skills to future employers. It’s essential to have a well-stocked portfolio of relevant projects to show hiring managers. Additionally, bootcamps prioritize collaborative learning environments. You can interact with fellow students and develop a professional network. This is an especially important benefit if you’re planning to pursue a career in database management.
You can learn SQL from scratch with this course. This course will introduce the common flavours of SQL and give you an overview of the fundamentals of relational databases. You’ll learn how to create tables, use queries to select data, and combine data. You’ll also learn about OLAP vs. OLTP databases, and how to normalize data. You’ll develop analytical skills and apply them in real-world scenarios.
Although the courses are not full-time, they are a convenient way to learn the basics of SQL. You can choose to attend them part-time or full-time, depending on your schedule and other commitments. Part-time courses typically meet twice a week and require 20 hours of combined class time and study time. Ultimately, you can choose which format suits you best. In any case, the learning process will be easier with a bootcamp.
If you’re looking for an online training course in SQL, you can take one from Udemy. This course assumes you have no previous experience in the subject. However, you’ll learn the basics of SQL, including how to use a MySQL database. The course will also introduce you to a variety of useful functions, such as aggregation and multiple SQL queries. Moreover, the course is designed to help you get started with an exciting new career in SQL. | <urn:uuid:9bb158c0-2154-4055-9ff7-b638fd3eff6a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tipsforperfectinterview.com/what-is-the-best-site-to-learn-sql-for-a-complete-beginner | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.935739 | 3,863 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Aljazeera.Net - Egypt's leader orders election reform
In a declaration of profound importance, President Husni Mubarak of Egypt has announced that there will be open, direct and contested presidential elections in the country in September.
Previously, President Mubarak has been election four times in a process having very little to do with real democracy.
But with a possible fifth term coming up, pressures - also in public - for change towards a real election have been increasing visible.
It's not difficult to see that this has been inspired both by elections in Palestine and Iraq and by the public pressure on Egypt from US President Bush. Twice in the last month or so President Bush has called on Egypt to move towards more of democracy.
It remains to be seen what the details will look like. We are unlikely to see an entirely smooth process towards a fully democratic system.
But the genie is out of the bottle, change is the order of the day, democracy can not be avoided and the region is truly changing. It should not be forgotten that Egypt is not only the most populated but historically probably the most significant of all the Arab countries.
So, we are talking about changes of momenteous importance. And not even the most fervent Bush-bashers can avoid giving at the least some credit for all of this to him. | <urn:uuid:3781a93b-dd1a-45b7-ba36-e117abb642c0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://bildt.blogspot.com/2005/02/elections-real-in-egypt-if-so-great.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00138-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971154 | 268 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Erases the specified key from the specified map.
#include "am_map.h" AM_EXPORT am_status_t am_map_erase(am_map_t map, const char *key);
This function takes the following parameters:
The handle for the map object to be modified.
The key for the entry to erase.
This function returns am_status_t with one of the following values:
If the entry was successfully erased from the map.
If either the map or key argument is NULL.
If the specified key is not currently in the map. | <urn:uuid:a2b561df-aca8-4b11-9342-7815e4ff78d4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19636-01/819-2140/adodf/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00196-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.729317 | 126 | 1.640625 | 2 |
For consumers, knowing where our food comes from and finding alternative sources to the big-box grocery store is an important part of the sustainable food conversation. Luckily, our friends at SPURSE, an NYC-based research and design collaborative, have once again put their think-outside-the-box spin on this very subject — but they need our help. Their newest project, the Eat Your Sidewalk Cookbook, is not just about recipes, it also doubles as an art book, a field guide to wild edible plants, and a manifesto on what “local” means beyond a consumer’s point of view. In order to get this project off the ground they are featuring it on Kickstarter, and with just two days left for people to donate money time is running out!
We first met the team at SPURSE last year during the BMW Guggenheim Lab in the East Village when we traveled to the Hackensack River. There, SPURSE introduced us to the Hackensack River Keepers and we got a first-hand account about how they were protecting and revitalizing the ecosystem in this highly-polluted waterway. The SPURSE team continues to explore how we as a community can make a difference. The impetus for the Eat Your Sidewalk Cookbook project came about when they realized that eating doesn’t have to begin in a store, a market or a garden.
In order to jump-start their research and to begin finding the answers to the question — “what if eating begins right under your feet wherever you are?” — SPURSE members challenged themselves to live for a week by foraging the sidewalks as if it was their very own grocery store. They were surprised to find how easy it was to make actual meals from what they were able to find, and as the community caught wind of what they were up to, grandmothers, freegans and foodies joined in on the fun.
Currently deep in the research phase of this book SPURSE has literally been hitting the pavement from New Jersey to Michigan and beyond, posing the same challenge to communities all over the country. Their research involves inventing new ways to cook and forage food, questioning old habits and even taking on some of the best local chefs.
After scouring the country for the best grub our sidewalks can offer, they are going to take this research and transform the pieces into a truly unique “cookbook.” Each addition of the Eat Your Sidewalk Cookbook will be lovingly printed at the Salt and Cedar Letterpress in Detroit Michigan, and should be ready to stack the shelves this fall. | <urn:uuid:d8fc65c2-f96f-4216-ba94-573a04ed99cb> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://inhabitat.com/nyc-design-collaborative-shows-communities-how-to-cook-with-ingredients-from-the-sidewalk/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988722951.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183842-00211-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964946 | 542 | 2.5 | 2 |
Blue moons are more common than you would expect.
That, however,depends on how you define them. Historically, it is the third full moon in a season that has four of them. If you want to know more about that, “Google is your friend”. More recently, it has come to be used as the occurrence of a second full moon in a calendar month. There has been a lot of chat about the one on 31st of August. Did you know that in our hemisphere, by the time the full moon occurred, it was 1:58am on Saturday 1st September and therefore not a blue moon? So in our side of the world we shall have a (modern) blue moon at 4:18pm on September 30. Just thought you’d like to know. However, the moon rising yesterday evening was visibly indistinguishable from full, and it was a wonderful red/gold colour.
Earlier in the day, I wandered around the Eastern side of the valley, pausing first in the area where Hutt Park Raceway once was, and which has now been developed to accommodate a bunch of indoor sports facilities as well as a bar and café. Standing beside the Waiwhetu Stream, I saw another of those intriguing patterns of corrugations reflected on water.
From there, I went near the much diminished but still struggling-on railway workshops. With just a little touch of nostalgia, I noted a rake of the old English Electric “units” which served Wellington for over half a century. I assume they are awaiting their turn to be scrapped. I am not sure why there is one of the relatively modern (1980-ish) Ganz-Mavag units in the queue though it looks as old and tired as the English Electrics at the rear. I assume the wire is to stop them attempting to escape.
See you tomorrow, maybe. | <urn:uuid:26716a29-914a-4930-8b16-971272e3bc88> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://wysiwygpurple.wordpress.com/2012/09/01/september-1-2012-once-in-a-blue-moon/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00171-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980438 | 388 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Overview of DC Locator Service: When a client computer logs on to the domain, the DC Locator service running at the client computer tries to search the nearest Domain Controller by querying the local computer registry for DynamicSiteName. The site name is stored in a registry entry called “DynamicSiteName” at HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Netlogon\Parameters key. DC Locator Service uses this information to query DNS Server to find the domain controllers in that site. It appends the site name to the query. If DynamicSiteName registry entry is not present or this is the first time a client computer is logging on to the domain, the DC Locator service sends out a domain-wide DNS query to find any domain controllers. Based on the subnet information, the DNS Server will return a list of domain controllers in a site closet to the client computer. After receiving response from the DNS Server, the DC Locator stores the Site Name information at the above mentioned registry key. Next time, DC Locator Service doesn’t send a domain-wide DNS query. Instead it uses DynamicSiteName to query the domain controllers in that site only.
If you want your client computers to belong to a specific site each time they log on to the domain, you should create the following registry entry on the local computer:
Value: After adding the above registry entry, the DynamicSiteName value is ignored. DC Locator Service always uses the value stored in SiteName registry entry to query the domain controllers in that site. | <urn:uuid:7c602ed0-6dd8-4291-81b2-909c13e796b6> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.windowsnetworking.com/kbase/WindowsTips/Windows2003/AdminTips/ActiveDirectory/DynamicSiteNameandSiteNameWhichsiteaclientcomputerbelongsto.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719566.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00261-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.817467 | 316 | 1.578125 | 2 |
It says that its range of lactic acid and lactates are effective food ingredients that, among other functions, can control microorganisms in food products.
In addition to its range of lactic acid and lactate products, Purac has also developed several tools to assist food makers in achieving compliance with the new legislation.
It claims that the Opti.form Listeria control model can be used to predict mathematically the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in meat and poultry products.
As of January 2006, all food businesses must be in compliance with the new microbiological regulations. These lay down the microbiological criteria for certain microorganisms such as Listeria monocytogenes - in ready-to-eat (RTE) foods.
Although infections caused by Listeria are not as common as for salmonella, they can cause anything from diarrhoea to blood poisoning or meningitis, just as the bacterium can lead to miscarriages or cause disease in foetuses and newborns.
Cooking kills most of the L. monocytogenes cells that can grow at refrigeration temperature, but ready-to-eat products, such as fermented sausages, and smoked fish, are not always cooked by consumers before consumption.
And under the new legislation, which aims to harmonise and modernise microbiological criteria, food operators have primary responsibility for ensuring that the criteria are met. Standards have been set for certain bacteria, and other pathogens may be added in the future, following evaluations by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
As a result, many European food companies have undertaken extensive measures to ensure that all hygiene criteria are met throughout the production process and that food safety criteria are met throughout the shelf life of the product. It is here that Purac believes it can help.
Indeed, Purac claims to have carried out a great deal of research into shelf life and food safety. It believes that achieving an understanding of the physico-chemical characteristics of food products such as the concentration of preservatives - e.g. lactates is an important consideration.
Additional studies such as predictive mathematical modeling can also prove useful, and tests to investigate the ability of the microorganisms of concern to grow or survive throughout shelf life are also important weapons against contamination.
Lactic acid, a natural organic acid present in milk, meat, and beer, is used extensively by the food industry as a flavour agent, preservative, and acidity adjuster in foods. Applications also include improving dispersion and whipping properties in dry egg powder, cheese spreads and salad dressings. | <urn:uuid:4eb901ce-3993-4b47-8a12-4226d9bab04e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Article/2006/02/02/Purac-ingredient-range-tackles-Listeria-threat | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.953093 | 533 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Although it resembles the look of the Zamias or Cardboard palms - ZZ plant is not one of them.
Extremely easy to grow this plant is a must for the beginners or those of people who says "plants just don't like me".
Besides it's tolerance to neglect ZZ plant has very exotic appearance and might be a nice addition to the interior design. It's glossy fleshy leaves are always shiny and the new leaf growth comes out as a very pretty fluffy stalk.
Doing it's best in a bright light zz plant will grow in any light conditions without much complain. The only difference is - in lower light there will be larger space between leaves on the stalks and on bright light - the leaves growth will be more compact. ZZ plant will be fine if you forget to water it.
The leaves and stems and roots are used as containers to keep the moisture for such dry periods. In fact you have to let soil dry throughly before watering this plants. The best soil for ZZ plant is the one with large amount of coarse sand that will drain quickly. In the summer time ZZ plant will enjoy being outside just don't forget to take him back inside when temperature will go below 55F.
There is only one drawback - zz plant is extremely slow grower...
Lighting Needs: Does best in low to bright indirect sunlight coming from the South/East/West
Soil Type: A GOOD general purpose potting soil (a soil that retains water yet drains well) will suffice. Check purchased soil to see that it is well aerated and add sand or perlite and peat moss if it seems to pack too tightly. Give the plants a chance to settle in before going back to whatever fertilization program has been successful for you. If you want to mix your own take: 1 part garden soil, 1 part coarse sand or perlite, 1 part moist peat or humus (leaf mold) and a light dusting of lime. Always use a pot with a hole.
Watering: Keep the soil evenly moist and if you use rainwater, be careful as it could be acidic. Use warm water.
Fertilizer: Feed once a year in the spring using a water soluble fertilizer.
Plant Pests: Prone to none Always inspect any new plant for pests before introducing it to your home or greenhouse.
Propagation: Stem cuttings and leaf cuttings in the spring. It is best to propagate cuttings in a mixture of moist peat and perlite. Cover the pot and plant with a plastic bag secured by a rubber band to prevent the moisture from escaping. Place in indirect sunlight or under a fluorescent light. Repot in its regular mix after it has been growing for a while.
Gardening Tips & Care: Keep this plant warm and reduce water in the winter.
Free Zeezee plant
Simply you have to apply for Free Zeezee plant and will get your Free Zeezee plant at your door step with no any cost. Click Here, if you are Interested to get Free Zeezee plant. | <urn:uuid:300f13ef-8052-431f-95be-3bafd645943f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.freeplant.net/browsetopic.php?id=597&prev=50 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00227-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948854 | 643 | 1.921875 | 2 |
“Ukrainian borscht – national version of borscht consumed in several countries of the region – is an integral part of Ukrainian family and community life. Festivals and cultural events are dedicated to it. In 2020, it was included in the national list of elements of intangible cultural heritage of Ukraine and was to be considered for inscription on the Representative List in the Committee’s 2023 cycle.” UNESCO story
It is a true and fair victory for Ukraine because Russia has been trying to appropriate this famous Ukrainian food masterpiece for years.
How do we know it was a Ukrainian cuisine and not Russian?
The page of the 1818 Ukrainian – Russian Dictionary used as the illustration for this article shows that 200 years ago the very word “Borsh/ Borscht” needed to be translated into Russian for them to understand what it means. The Dictionary translates Borscht as Shi, which is true native cabbage soup of that land. It lacks several key ingredients of Ukrainian Borscht though.
Ukrainians make fun of poor characterisics of the Russian shi saying that the Russian shi is something one gets by washing dishes after Ukrainian borscht.
Here is what John Steinbeck wrote about Ukrainian borscht. | <urn:uuid:51872854-977a-445f-b7f4-e5b628b751ad> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://u-krane.com/ukrainian-borscht-inscribed-on-the-unesco-list-on-intangible-cultural-heritage%EF%BF%BC/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.938368 | 257 | 2.6875 | 3 |
8 mile run
4 mile run
3 mile run
All of the training: getting up at 5:00 am, running in the dark, rainy days, dodging lightning, and beating off the bugs feasting on sweaty arms, shoulders, and legs is coming to an end. I’ve got my eye on the prize. I know I have done the ground work for a great race.
Preparing for a marathon is a great formula that can be applied to any goal you want to achieve. These eight steps will work fantastically for career goals, exercise and diet goals, finance goals, and anything you can dream up.
Eight for Excellence
- Decide on the goal – run a marathon
- Commit to the goal – sign up for the event
- Plan the steps to achieve your goal – get a training schedule
- Outline the steps specifically – map your runs
- Do the hard work – don’t skip any runs
- Focus on the goal – celebrate small wins, but don’t get complacent or coast. Keep at it!
- Avoid distractions and deterrents – make a list of temptations that you need to avoid and STAY AWAY from them
- Succeed– run your race
What is your next big goal? | <urn:uuid:febe435a-39af-4c7c-bf00-3bde369f3e2c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://workingmomsontherun.com/2012/10/eight-for-excellence/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.928989 | 278 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Tunis Carthage International Airport is a key airline hub for holidaymakers headed for Tunisia's sunny Mediterranean beaches. The airport is named after the ancient Phoenician city of Carthage, which is now just a suburb of Tunis.
This unpretentious and clean airport is just four miles (7km) from central Tunis and handles over four million passengers annually. Tunis Carthage Airport has a number of great restaurants offering delicious local cuisine.
The airport is situated about four miles (7km) from Tunis.
Getting to the city
The airport is well served by public buses and taxis. The bus trip to the city centre takes about 30 minutes.
Tel: +216 (0)1 755 000.
Car rental companies represented at the airport include Budget, Hertz, Avis and Sixt.
Taxis are available at the airport and cost roughly TND 5 to the city centre. Taxis should be metered and visitors should insist the meter is turned on. There are extra charges for luggage and travelling after 9pm.
Transfer between terminals
A shuttle bus links the terminals every 10 minutes.
Facilities at the airport include a post office, bank, bureau de change, ATM, restaurants, cafeterias, bars, VIP lounge, duty-free shop, first aid, gift shop, travel agent and tourist help desk.
Short and long-term parking is available at the airport.
Airlines offering flights to Tunis Carthage International Airport include Turkish Airlines, Saudi Arabian Airlines, Tunisair, Lufthansa, Qatar Airways, KLM, Delta, Emirates, British Airways, Egyptair, Air Europa, Alitalia and Air France.
The airport has four VIP lounges equipped with wifi, telephone and fax facilities.
Tunis-Carthage Airport Taxis: the taxi fares above are intended as a guideline only. | <urn:uuid:acec86ef-18b2-448a-a966-a25102fbaf0e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.wordtravels.com/Airports/Tunisia/Tunis-Carthage+Airport | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00467-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.898647 | 385 | 1.546875 | 2 |
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- Meet & Study Here
- Tech & Print
Frederick V. Betts Scrapbook, 1926-1964 (MSS Betts)
The Frederick V. Betts Scrapbook consists of photographs and ephemera created and assembled by Betts during his student years at Oregon Agricultural College in 1926-1928. Various athletic events, including football, track, and rowing (Box 01); and military cadets are depicted.
Student Club and Organization Records, 1931-2008 (RG 276)
The Student Club and Organization Records document the approval and recognition of more than 900 student clubs and organizations at Oregon State University. While the records include materials from the 1930s-1960s, the bulk of the materials pertain to student organizations active in the 1970s-2000s. Sports and recreation clubs for women and men are included in the files. The Records include annual review forms, budgets and financial reports, constitutions and by-laws, member rosters and officer lists, event registration forms, and related documentation and correspondence. Information about the number of members and the name of the faculty advisor are included for many of the organizations. The files for some organizations include brochures, manuals, posters, and other materials documenting the organization’s activities and programs. A file for the Varsity Rowing Club can be found in Box 8, folder 17.
Rowing (Crew) Photograph Collection, 1922-1939 (P 015)
The Rowing (Crew) Photograph Collection consists predominantly of images of rowing teams from universities other than Oregon State and of rowing events in the eastern United States. The University of Washington rowing team is depicted in several images. Other universities represented in the collection are the University of Wisconsin, University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, and Syracuse University as well as Cambridge and Oxford Universities. The Poughkeepsie Races (New York) and the Childs Cup Regatta on the Harlem River are depicted.
Several images of Oregon State College rowing team members are part of the collection. Of special note is a photograph of several students participating in a "canoe tilt" in which competitors stand in separate canoes, and using a long oar with padding on the end, try to send their opponent overboard. This collection has been digitized and is available online.
121 The Valley Library
Corvallis OR 97331–4501 | <urn:uuid:da0fc54a-a660-4f54-8a14-12214f4fc338> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://guides.library.oregonstate.edu/c.php?g=730610&p=5313078 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.940324 | 507 | 1.5625 | 2 |
The Shelter Cycle
An American original, Peter Rock brings our strangest beliefs to vivid and sympathetic life in this haunting novel inspired by true events.
The Shelter Cycle tells the story of two children, Francine and Colville, who grew up in the Church Universal and Triumphant, a religion that predicted the world could end in the late 1980s. While their parents built underground shelters to withstand the impending Soviet missile strike, Francine and Colville played in the Montana wilderness, where invisible spirits watched over them. When the prophesized apocalypse did not occur, the sect’s members resurfaced and the children were forced to grow up in a world they believed might no longer exist.
Twenty years later, Francine and Colville are reunited while searching for an abducted girl. Haunted by memories and inculcated beliefs, they must confront the Church’s teachings. If all the things they were raised to believe were misguided, why then do they suddenly feel so true?
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A unique way for readers to create a wealth of great books—Get a membership for yourself or for a gift!Learn More » | <urn:uuid:f7a7eb03-5a13-42ee-a591-20ebb6bba117> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.harvard.com/book/the_shelter_cycle/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719843.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00291-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927848 | 254 | 1.648438 | 2 |
The International Handbook of Telecommunications Economics, Volume III
Edited by Gary Madden
8. Sprint – GTE’s lost opportunity James H. Alleman and Lawrence Cole INTRODUCTION This chapter explores the development of GTE as a leading telecommunications company by focusing on its dynamic period of growth, the late 1970s and early 1980s. During this period the telecommunications industry was undergoing unprecedented change. Competition was expanded to ever widening areas due to judicial and Federal Communications Commission (FCC) decisions – private lines (FCC, 1959), customer premise equipment (FCC, 1969), private microwave systems (FCC, 1969), domestic satellites (FCC, 1972) and public switched telephone networks (PSTN) (FCC, 1976, 1978). Technology innovation proceeded apace with cellular mobile service implemented, after many years of regulatory debate, and the nascent Internet was being developed. Market structure was also undergoing change. The most radical change was the 1984 divestiture of the Bell System to settle an antitrust lawsuit. Further, new interexchange carriers were gaining market share. Clearly, the traditional monopoly structure dominated by the Bell System and mimicked by GTE and other independent telephone companies, albeit without the longdistance segment, was changing dramatically.1 GTE had a tradition of exchange carriage and equipment manufacture (through its Automatic Electric subsidiary), but provided only limited international telephone service. Although GTE had 33 state exchange telephone operations they did not comprise a network since GTE had no mechanism, as did AT&T Long Lines, to interconnect its operations. Rather, GTE had a symbiotic relationship with AT&T, both in the regulatory arena and the longdistance market.2 In the long-distance market, AT&T was both GTE’s largest...
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Your library may not have purchased all subject areas. If you are authenticated and think you should have access to this title, please contact your librarian. | <urn:uuid:6f52bc5e-402f-453f-9a4e-c50c6cb67c34> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.elgaronline.com/view/1840643412.00019.xml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00019-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949092 | 472 | 2.6875 | 3 |
You can use
next to try to execute the next iteration of a
while loop. After executing
while's condition is checked and, if truthy, the body will be executed.
a = 1 while a < 5 a += 1 if a == 3 next end puts a end # The above prints the numbers 2, 4 and 5
next can also be used to exit from a block, for example:
def block yield end block do puts "hello" next puts "world" end # The above prints "hello"
next can also take an argument which will then be returned by
def block puts yield end block do next "hello" end # The above prints "hello" | <urn:uuid:667449d9-e7eb-4d03-8629-2e19bb02fdd1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://crystal-lang.org/reference/1.5/syntax_and_semantics/next.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00479.warc.gz | en | 0.777729 | 158 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Biden: Disappointing jobs report shows recovery is a "marathon," not a "sprint"
President Biden said Friday that the disappointing April jobs report, which showed the U.S. economy added just 266,000 jobs last month, underscores the importance of the COVID-19 relief package and his other proposed spending plans.
Why it matters: Economists had expected a gain of around 1 million jobs last month, making this the biggest payrolls miss, relative to expectations, in decades.
Between the lines: Republicans have seized on the underwhelming figures to attack Biden's spending plans as unnecessary and damaging to the economy, claiming that expanded unemployment benefits have kept Americans from seeking jobs.
- Biden repudiated that view and said that he knew when he took office that the economic recovery would be a "marathon," not a "sprint." He denied that there is "measurable" data to suggest people aren't looking for jobs because of enhanced unemployment benefits.
- Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen said at a press briefing shortly after Biden's remarks that "there's no question that we're hearing from businesses that they are having difficulty hiring workers," but that she does not believe that extra unemployment insurance is the "major factor.
What they're saying: "Listening to commentators today, as I was getting dressed, you might think that we should be disappointed. But when we passed the American Rescue Plan, I want to remind everybody it was designed to help us over the course of a year, not 60 days. A year," Biden said in an address from the White House.
- "We never thought that after the first 50 or 60 days everything would be fine. Today there's more evidence that our economy is moving in the right direction, but it's clear we have a long way to go."
- "Some critics said that we didn't need the American Rescue Plan, that this economy would just heal itself. Today's report just underscores, in my view, how vital the actions we're taking are."
The big picture: Biden noted that overall, the economy has added more than 1.5 million jobs since he took office, an average of 500,000 per month. "This is progress," he said. "And it's a testament to our new strategy of growing this economy from the bottom up and the middle out."
What to watch: Yellen said she expects the U.S. economy to reach full unemployment next year. | <urn:uuid:a7936c3a-9f30-4407-a4a0-41489a10a7c5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.axios.com/2021/05/07/biden-april-jobs-report-spending | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.976519 | 503 | 1.570313 | 2 |
A payment card featuring a fingerprint sensor has been unveiled by credit card provider Mastercard.The rollout follows two successful trials in South Africa, according to BBC.
The technology works in the same way as it does with mobile phone payments: users must have their finger over the sensor when making a purchase.
Security experts have said that while using fingerprints is not foolproof, it is a "sensible" use of biometric technology.
Mastercard's chief of safety and security, Ajay Bhalla, said that the fingerprint technology would help "to deliver additional convenience and security. It is not something that can be taken or replicated."
However, fingerprint sensors can be compromised. | <urn:uuid:93e96da4-41b9-4116-8afc-c893c1b4d01a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://en.publika.md/credit-card-with-fingerprint-sensor-revealed-by-mastercard_2636797.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.960468 | 137 | 1.984375 | 2 |
The age of retirement seems like a mythical, magical world filled with days of glorious nothingness.
You can read all the books, walk all the walks, see all the things. And you can do it at your own leisure. You no longer have to be anywhere or do anything you don’t want to do.
But much like everything else in life, a financially secure retirement doesn’t just happen overnight.
Whether you’re decades away from leaving paid employment or it’s just around the corner, it’s never too early to start thinking about how to financially plan for your retirement and future.
What’s the retirement age in Australia?
There’s no fixed retirement age in Australia but the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) reports that the average retirement age is 55.4 years.
Some other interesting retirements stats from the ABS:
- There were 3.9 million retirees as at the 2018-2019 financial year.
- 55% of people over 55 were retired, up from 53% in 2016-17.
- Half a million people intend to retire within 5 years.
- The average age people intend to retire is 65.5 years.
- The pension was the main income source for most retirees.
- In 2018-19, 55% of retirees were women.
- The population of retired women increased more than men.
- On average, women retire sooner than men.
It’s interesting to note that while the average age of retirement is 55.4 years, most people don’t intend to retire until they’re 65.5 years old. That’s ten years earlier than planned.
While there could be many reasons why someone would retire a full decade earlier than expected what it tells us is that you need to start planning for the unexpected.
The Aged Pension and other government allowances
The ABS stats tell us that the main source of income for most retirees was a pension. It didn’t state what sort of pension but it’s safe to assume for many, that would be the Aged Pension. Together with savings and superannuation, and depending on your personal circumstances, the aged pension could be a key part of your retirement income.
At what age can you claim the Aged Pension?
The tables below show that most people heading for retirement from July 2023 onwards, are entitled to the aged pension at 67 years of age.
How much is the Aged Pension?
The table and information below are provided without assets and income testing and those amounts need to be considered. As many retirees may in fact end up self-funded and not be entitled to the maximum rate of aged pension. Working with a qualified financial planner such as our team at Kelly+Partners can help ensure your exact circumstances are taken into account when working out what your retirement income might look like.
Superannuation - preservation age and accessing your super
Your superannuation is intended to help fund your retirement and can have a significant impact on your retirement financial planning. You can usually only draw on your super when you reach the ‘preservation age’, which is between 55 and 60 years. But this depends on when you were born.
And while you can start accessing your super once you reach the preservation age, you won’t have full access to it as a lump sum until you meet a condition of release. These conditions include:
- Reaching your preservation age and fully retiring
- Turning 60 and ceasing employment after age 60.
- Turning 65 (even if you’re still working).
- There are some special cases where you may be able to withdraw your superannuation early.
When you start accessing super, which is typically tax-free once you’re 60, there’s a few things you can do with the funds.
Transition to Retirement (TTR)
Once you’ve reached the preservation age, you can supplement your income with a TTR pension. This means you can keep working full time or part time.
Take the money and run!
When you’re ready to retire, you can take your super as a lump sum or choose to set up a pension or annuity to have a regular income.
Tax implications will be different for everyone, so this is a great time to seek professional financial advice.
How much do I need to retire comfortably?
Again, this will depend on the retirement lifestyle that you want. If you plan to travel the world (COVID travel restrictions notwithstanding) you’ll need much more money than someone who’s idea of a dream retirement is sitting on a local beach reading their favourite novels.
As we shared in our article about how much you'll need to comfortably retire, the general rule of thumb is you’ll require about two-thirds (67%) of your pre-retirement income to maintain the lifestyle to which you’ve become accustomed.
The Association of Superannuation Funds of Australia (ASFA) defines the differences between a modest retirement lifestyle and a comfortable retirement lifestyle. It notes:
A modest retirement lifestyle is considered better than the Age Pension, but still only able to afford fairly basic activities.
A comfortable retirement lifestyle enables an older, healthy retiree to be involved in a broad range of leisure and recreational activities and to have a good standard of living through the purchase of such things as:
- household goods,
- private health insurance,
- a reasonable car,
- good clothes,
- a range of electronic equipment, and;
- domestic and occasionally international holiday travel.
The budget for various households and living standards are for those aged around 65 years. The budget assumes that the retirees own their own home outright and are relatively healthy.
Life Expectancy in Australia
ABS figures released in November 2020 show that life expectancy in Australia continues to increase, with a girl born today expected to live to 85.0 years and a boy to 80.9 years. The report continues:
Today an Australian male aged 50 years can expect to live another 32.9 years, and a female another 36.3 years. ‘This is longer than life expectancies at birth, as most 50 year olds have successfully made it through the first several decades of life’.
So, a 50 year old man can expect to live till he’s 82.9 years old. A female until she’s 86.3 years.
There’s a lot of years between retiring at 65 and the average life expectancy. Another sobering reason why it’s never too early to start to financially plan for retirement.
Whenever you choose to retire and however you choose to spend your well-earned retirement, we want to help you be better off. Whether you’ve just started your first job or you’re startled at how quickly retirement is approaching, we’re just a phone call away.
Already a Kelly+Partners Client? Get in touch with your Client Director today! | <urn:uuid:a57bc1b2-e1d3-4e8c-988f-eda990555bf8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kellypartners.com.au/blog/how-to-financially-plan-for-retirement | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.954308 | 1,460 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Our day camps provide children with positive and fun experiences that build character, new friendships and a sense of belonging that will last beyond the summer. Sessions are led by experienced and nationally trained staff. We also partner with local community organizations to bring additional program opportunities to your child.
Attend with your Den or Pack
Cub Scout Day Camp is a great Den or Pack activity. Dens and Packs are encouraged to attend Day Camp together, although not necessary — it makes for a great day camp experience.
Parent Volunteer Opportunities
Want to attend day camp with your Scout? Volunteer for a full week and receive a discount. Sign up when you register your Scout.
Camperships are available. Contact your unit leader or the Scout Service Center for more information and details.
Contact Thomas Yang for more information.
Camp Dates 2022
Shelbina: June 4th @ Shelby County Fairgrounds
Columbia: June 8th – 10th @ Stephens Lake Park
Centralia: June 10th – 11th @ Centralia Recreation Park
Lake Area: June 11th @ Missouri Forget Me Not Horse Rescue & Sanctuary
Sedalia: June 15th – 18th @ Missouri State Fairgrounds
Jefferson City: June 27th – 29th @ Jefferson City Jaycees Fairgrounds
What activities are offered at camp?
Each specific camp offers their own mix of program opportunities, but most camps offer a combination of BB gun shooting, archery, sling shots, arts and crafts, nature, field sports, fishing, and aquatics.
What is the daily schedule?
Each camp sets their own hours, but most day camps run from 8 or 9 am through 3 or 4 pm. Evening camps usually run from around 6 pm to 9 pm.
What is required of the pack ?
The Pack must provide leadership and adult supervision for the Scouts who attend camp, plus provide for transportation to and from camp each day. Every Pack must have at least one registered adult leader attend camp for every five Cub Scouts. Additionally, every Tiger Cub (rising 1st grader) must be accompanied by their Tiger Partner.
What additional Paperwork is needed?
Everyone attending camp must complete parts A and B of the Annual Health and Medical Record. Each Scout must also have an additional release form filed with their specific camp.
What makes these camps different than other summer camps in the area?
The program of the each of these summer camps are designed with the Scout Oath and Scout Law in mind. Every exercise that your Scout participates in is created to emphasize reverence, citizenship, and fitness. These camps will also allow your Scouts to get a head start on earning their next rank badge by completing different adventures before the school year even starts.
What are the camp fees?
Registration fees cover all programs, a camp t-shirt, and an event patch.
Our one-day camps run $30 and our 2-3 day are $55-65. Each location varies slightly in price. | <urn:uuid:ce497864-239d-40c6-ae4c-708dda1d16fa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://grcbsa.org/day-camp/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.952504 | 612 | 1.664063 | 2 |
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Monday, January 16, 2017
I recently had a root canal on tooth # 14, I guess they call this an eye tooth. Before the root canal my gum above the tooth was sore if pressed on. After 3 weeks the gum is still sore. I went to my dentist and he said it was scar tissue and should eventually clear up. Does this sound correct?
An "eye tooth" is an older term for the canine tooth. This is a tooth in the front of your mouth. It is usually the longest front tooth and is located near the corner of your mouth. Tooth #14 is a molar tooth on your upper left side. Tooth number aside, it is not unusual to have some soreness following a root canal. Without seeing your tooth and radiographs, I can not say whether what you have is scar tissue.
Most tooth infections take some time to clear up, and that is why frequently endodontists do not do the return check-up on a root canal treated tooth for about 6 months. A very common course is to give things time to heal unless new symptoms develop or you continue to have a persistent bump on your gums that is draining fluid into your mouth. If these things happen or continue to happen, I would consult your dentist or endodontist for an evaluation.
Melissa McCartney Drum, DDS, MS
Assistant Professor of Endodontics
College of Dentistry
The Ohio State University | <urn:uuid:aa1025a6-9502-4d1e-9e6f-f96e87413360> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.netwellness.uc.edu/question.cfm/45181.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00476-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966437 | 329 | 2.796875 | 3 |
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