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Walgreen is considering a so-called corporate tax inversion, in which an American company is able to incorporate abroad by acquiring a foreign company. The buyer, in effect, becomes a subsidiary of a foreign parent. (Jose M. Osorio, Chicago Tribune)
Walgreen Co. is at a crossroads, but it may not be "at the corner of happy and healthy" as its advertising slogan suggests.
The nation's largest drugstore chain is considering a move that would allow it to significantly cut its tax bill and increase profits. But it's being painted by critics as un-American for looking to make money for shareholders through financial engineering at the expense of the communities that it grew up in. Walgreen is considering a so-called corporate tax inversion, in which an American company is able to incorporate abroad by acquiring a foreign company. The buyer, in effect, becomes a subsidiary of a foreign parent.
Walgreen would accomplish an inversion by completing its purchase, which is expected to happen in early 2015, of Switzerland-based Alliance Boots and moving its corporate home to Europe's largest pharmacy chain.
The Deerfield-based company faces a tough choice, one in which it must balance profits with corporate social responsibility. By going ahead with an inversion, Walgreen would give ammunition to critics who claim the company is essentially renouncing its U.S. citizenship.
The decision could alienate the consumers who put their confidence in the chain since its inception in 1901, making it one of America's trusted brands.
Millions of people depend on Walgreen to dispense their prescription drugs safely and responsibly. Its more than 8,000 pharmacies are everywhere — one-stop convenience stores where you pick up your Lipitor as well as your lipstick. The company likes to say that 75 percent of the American population lives within five miles of a Walgreens store.
The average person who pays taxes cannot take advantage of the tax loopholes exploited by corporations, and they don't think it's fair, said Klaus Weber, associate professor of management and organizations at Northwestern University's Kellogg School of Management.
"I do think people now more than before care because of rising issues of income inequality and justice and the fact that large companies have come under more scrutiny," Weber said. "People expect corporations to fulfill their citizen duties as taxpayers like everyone else."
While several U.S. companies have moved to lower-tax countries since 2012, Walgreen has caught the attention of taxpayer groups and unions that have criticized the potential tax maneuver. They have blasted Walgreen for contemplating fleeing the United States even though it benefits from government insurance programs. Nearly one-quarter of Walgreen's $72 billion in sales in its last fiscal year came from Medicaid and Medicare, according to a report by Americans for Tax Fairness and Change to Win Retail Initiatives, a union-backed group.
"It is unconscionable that Walgreen is considering this tax dodge — especially in light of the billions of dollars it receives from U.S. taxpayers every year," Nell Geiser, associate director of Change to Win Retail Initiatives, said in a statement. "Walgreen should show its commitment to our communities and our country by staying an American company."
In an inversion, Walgreen would still pay U.S. income taxes but much less than the approximately 37 percent effective tax rate (including state and local taxes) it now pays for its U.S.-based business, corporate tax experts said. One stock analyst estimated that a Walgreen inversion would cost U.S. taxpayers $2.35 billion in the first three years after the transaction.
Illinois Sen. Dick Durbin, without citing Walgreen directly, said he hoped U.S. companies would not pursue such a path. He put his opposition in patriotic terms.
"I am troubled by American corporations that are willing to give up on this country and move their headquarters for a tax break," Durbin said in an interview. "It really speaks to your commitment."
Despite political pressures, Walgreen Chief Executive Greg Wasson confirmed for the first time last week that the company is mulling a move overseas to cut taxes. In a conference call with analysts Tuesday he said the company is "looking at everything" to improve its bottom line, including its tax structure related to its expected purchase of Alliance Boots and "what the structure could do as far as our effective tax rate."
A Walgreen spokesman declined further comment.
Walgreen joins a small but growing number of U.S. multinationals contemplating inversions to lower their tax burden. The drugstore chain would be among the first retailers to consider the tax strategy. The top U.S. corporate tax rate is 35 percent, higher than that of England, Ireland, Switzerland and other European countries. The U.S. also taxes foreign profits when they are brought back home. The policy has led other multinationals to stash foreign profits overseas to avoid the repatriation tax. | <urn:uuid:87d9cb6d-b00a-44a3-af98-8d7009e54e4c> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2014-06-29/business/ct-walgreen-headquarters-taxes-0629-biz-20140629_1_walgreen-co-tax-loophole-alliance-boots | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718426.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00137-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97453 | 1,020 | 1.789063 | 2 |
Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders : Assessment, Interventions, and Policy: 2
Since the original edition was first published more than a quarter-century ago, The Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders has been the most influential reference work in the field. Volume 2 of this comprehensive work includes a wealth of information from the experts in their respective specialities within the larger field of autism studies: Assessment, Interventions, and Social Policy Perspectives.
Within the three sections found in Volume 2, readers will find in-depth treatment of:
- Screening for autism in young children; diagnostic instruments in autism spectrum disorders (ASD); clinical evaluation in multidisciplinary settings; assessing communications in ASD; and behavioral assessment of individuals with autism, including current practice and future directions
- Interventions for infants and toddlers at risk; comprehensive treatment models for children and youth with ASD; targeted interventions for social communication symptoms in preschoolers with ASD; augmentative and alternative communication; interventions for challenging behaviors; supporting mainstream educational success; supporting inclusion education; promoting recreational engagement in children with ASD; social skills interventions; and employment and related services for adults with ASD
- Supporting adult independence in the community for individuals with high functioning ASD; supporting parents, siblings, and grandparents of people with ASD; and evidence-based psychosocial interventions for individuals with ASD
- Special topic coverage such as autism across cultures; autism in the courtroom; alternative treatments; teacher and professional training guidelines; economic aspects of autism; and consideration of alternative treatments
The new edition includes the relevant updates to help readers stay abreast of the state of this rapidly evolving field and gives them a guide to separate the wheat from the chaff as information about autism proliferates. | <urn:uuid:8d2e31ef-7faa-4ce3-90db-a3777366f899> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.pandora.com.tr/urun/handbook-of-autism-and-pervasive-developmental-disorders-assessment-interventions-and-policy-2/347130 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00328-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.906135 | 354 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Star Trek shouldn’t be anyone’s idea of rigorous scientific accuracy — unless, as Bad Astronomer and science writer Phil Plait put it, you were raised on Doctor Who, in which case Trek looks like a documentary. But that’s a terrifyingly low bar, and so Plait and NASA engineer Bobak Ferdowsi spent an hour at the Star Trek: Mission New York event Saturday, considering what alien life could look like both in our solar system and beyond. The short answer is that there are lots of stable, peaceful places, including elsewhere in our own solar system, where life could evolve, but intelligent species like humanity might not arise unless things get a little violent.
But let’s back up and consider life at its most basic and most common. The recent explosion in exoplanet discoveries — Plait said it’s now very possible there are more planets than stars in the night sky — suggests the universe could well be teeming with life just like in the Star Trek universe, except those aliens would overwhelming be of the microbe variety. But then, that’s true of life on Earth: Even ignoring just how massively our microscopic cousins outnumber us, microbes ruled the planet alone for billions of years before humans showed up. As Plait put it, starship captains would probably spend most of their time not making first contact with humanoid aliens but charting an endless succession of foul-smelling, yeast-covered planets.
That’s assuming Earth-like planets are actually the best place to be looking for life, be it intelligent or microbial. And even in our solar system, if you leave aside the little detail that we know there actually is life on Earth, the statistically most likely spot to find life might not be here but in the moons of Jupiter and Saturn, like Europa and Enceladus.
“Not only have we been kind of boneheaded in not looking to other types of places for liquid water, they probably outnumber Earth-like planets,” Plait said. “Because water is incredibly abundant in the universe, we know there are big planets that probably have moons, and you don’t even need a star.” The gravitational force of those gas giants can keep liquid water churning below the surface of their frozen moons, and they could end up having billions more years for life to evolve than Earth did.
“If the Sun went out, and it will someday,” Plait continued, “Saturn and Enceladus won’t care. Enceladus will still orbit Saturn and it’ll still be squeezed and it’ll still give off these geysers or still have liquid water below the surface.”
“It’ll actually be better for them,” Ferdowsi added, “because they’ll get a bunch of new chemicals deposited on the surface and some of them might have interesting interactions.”
“These moons will have billions more years of habitability than we would,” Plait said. “So it strikes me that if you’re looking out into the universe for life, Earth-like planets aren’t the way to go. These moons have had a lot longer and far more stable environments.”
But while gas giants’ moons might have the best shot at developing life in general, intelligent life might need the more volatile conditions we get on a planet like Earth.
“Though there’s some argument that you need violence, you need tectonic action, you need earthquakes and volcanoes and the occasional asteroid impact to mix things up a bit to develop intelligence,” Plait said. “Because if things are very calm and peaceful, you get sort of a microscopic version of Wall-E, where everyone is just sitting around in their chairs watching TV all the time, converting sunlight into oxygen, that’s all they do.”
Photos via Alasdair Wilkins/Inverse, CBS/Paramount | <urn:uuid:6e74e5a3-750b-4e0d-899e-0d4a58c9b117> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.inverse.com/article/20558-violent-evolution-would-favor-the-klingons-then | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00313-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927178 | 839 | 2.359375 | 2 |
After a work stoppage earlier this year, the Panama Canal expansion is back on an around-the-clock schedule. Twelve of the 16 gates required to build new 11-story locks have arrived from Italy and much of the concrete for the massive walls has been poured.
“We are full-speed ahead right now — finally,” said Ilya Espino de Marotta, executive vice president for engineering and programs management at the Panama Canal Authority and point person on the expansion.
New three-chambered locks — as long as three Empire State Buildings laid end to end — and access channels on both the Atlantic and Pacific sides of the 50-mile-long canal will allow longer, heavier and wider ships to transit the canal by early 2016. They’ll also add capacity to a canal that’s just about maxed out.
Being too big for the current locks means the megaships — when fully loaded — are also too big for all but two East Coast ports, Norfolk, Va., and Baltimore, and that has set off a flurry of preparations at many U.S. ports. They’re all looking for a payoff.
Some 1,160 miles from Panama City by air, a parallel construction project is underway at PortMiami, which is betting big that it will be a first port of call for post-Panamax ships once the expansion is complete.
Port Everglades and Jacksonville also want deep water to handle big ships.
“What the canal expansion has done is focus the United States on the need for investment in port infrastructure,” said Steven M. Cernak, director of Port Everglades.
Although the $5.25 billion canal expansion is behind schedule (the original hope was that it would be ready this past August in time for the 100th anniversary of the cross-country waterway), it is now almost 80 percent complete.
To enter the post-Panamax era, PortMiami is deepening its harbor from 44 feet to 50-52 feet and widening part of its shipping channel. As part of its three-prong strategy to boost cargo and improve efficiency, a new port tunnel to speed truck traffic and a rail link to the FCC rail yard near the airport have been added.
By the time the dredge is completed next summer, the port’s post-Panamax improvements, which were funded from state, local and federal sources, will have cost about $1.3billion.
Although there has been criticism of the hefty costs, the equation is simple for PortMiami Director Juan Kurlya: “The bigger the ships, the more cargo, the more jobs.”
Richard Wainio, former director of the Port of Tampa and a 20-year Panama Canal administration veteran, isn’t so sure.
“There’s no reason in my mind to think that Miami will be the port of choice over Port Everglades. These two ports right next to each other will split” additional cargo that might result from the canal expansion, he said.
But right now, Miami has an advantage. Not only has it completed other improvements to make the port more efficient, but it expects its harbor dredging project to be finished well before a number of other ports that covet deep water.
“We do view this as a game-changer,” Kurlya said. “It’s a huge deal for East Coast ports and we do hope to benefit the most of any East Coast port.’’
But ports up and down the East Coast would prefer that the big ships steam right on by Miami, which sits down at the tip of a peninsula and is farther away from major U.S. population centers.
“We’ll be the only port at 50 feet south of Norfolk, and now we have everything it takes to handle post-Panamax business,” Kurlya said. “These are improvements that should be good for the next 20 to 25 years.”
Without them, PortMiami would be regulated to a future as a small regional port, Kurlya said.
Why? Because a new generation of post-Panamax ships is coming on line to replace smaller, less cost-efficient vessels.
The megaships can carry 13,000 TEUs, the equivalent of 13,000 standard 20-foot containers — nearly three times as many boxes as the ships that now transit the canal. Shipping lines like them because of economies of scale.
“You better be ready to handle these big ships because that is what’s coming,” said Alberto Alemán, former head of the Panama Canal Authority and now chief executive of ABCO Global, a logistics advisory company.
“If you have a port today and don’t have the capacity to handle the new ships, pretty soon you will be without ships” or must be content to be a small port where older, smaller ships call, he said.
The prospect of an expanded Panama Canal has only served to accelerate the pace of orders for post-Panamax vessels, Alemán said.
Still, Wainio said not every U.S. port needs to be big-ship ready as a reaction to the Panama Canal — even though many have jumped on the expansion bandwagon.
“This idea of keeping up with the Joneses and everyone needs super-post-Panamax cranes and deep water is just crazy,” he said. “There will be winners and losers in this and in-betweens.”
What will determine who is successful and who is not in the post-Panamax era, said Wainio, depends on simple demographics: “How many people you have, how much money they have to buy stuff and where they are.”
Mark J. Baker, director of South Florida Container Terminals, said shipping lines already want to bring bigger ships into Miami. CMA CGM, one of the world’s largest shipping companies, has expressed interest in having an 11,000-TEU ship call, he said. “For that, we need 50 feet.”
Lack of deep water has already hindered PortMiami’s growth, according to Baker. “They’re just building bigger and bigger ships these days. I hear there’s even a 23,000-TEU ship on the drawing board.”
Post-Panamax ships already have called at PortMiami and Port Everglades but they can’t be fully loaded and can navigate only during daylight hours. As Kurlya points out, “The lines make more money when the ships are fully loaded.”
Port Everglades, the top container port in Florida last year, is still awaiting the green light to deepen its shipping channel. Best-case scenario would have dredging work beginning in 2018 — two years after the Panama Canal expansion is complete.
But in the past year, more than 50 Post-Panamax vessels — albeit not fully laden — have called at Port Everglades and the Broward County port could use deeper water now.
“This is not a build-it-and-they-will-come,” said Port Everglades’ Cernak. “It’s a build it and the shipping lines can use the port more efficiently.”
As the nearest U.S. deep-water port to Panama, PortMiami hopes its geographic advantage will pay dividends. Another selling point, Kuryla said, is the wharves of PortMiami are only a couple of miles from the deep water of the Atlantic.
With its post-Panamax projects nearing completion, Kurlya likens the port to a luxury home waiting for someone to come and fill up its rooms.
“We still need to go out and market the port. If we don’t, we could have over-capacity,” he said. “We have a state-of-the-art port now and the big issue is to fill it up and start bringing in additional boxes.”
In recent years, the port has handled around 900,000 TEUs annually but it has capacity for 2million containers.
In fiscal year 2013, the numbers were going the wrong way. The port handled 901,454 TEUs of cargo — down 1percent from the previous year. By 2020, the port’s goal is to pick up an additional 1.3million to 1.5million TEUs as a result of receiving bigger ships transiting both the Panama and Suez canals, more cargo spurred by Florida’s population growth and rebuilding its trans-shipment business.
“What they’re doing in Miami, for the most part, can probably be justified by potential growth in the South Florida and Central Florida markets,” Wainio said.
But he doesn’t see the canal expansion and megaship traffic resulting in a big payoff for Miami.
Perhaps a couple million TEUs that used to go to deep-water ports on the U.S. West coast may shift to the East Coast after transiting the expanded canal, Wainio said. “But that will be divided up between ports from Boston to Brownsville. Not a whole lot will be left for Florida ports in my view.”
But the competition is on.
Kuryla and just about every Gulf and East Coast port director were in Panama recently for the canal’s 100th anniversary. Between tours of the expansion sites and cocktail parties, the port directors were busy pressing the flesh, making contacts and trying to convince shipping line executives to use their ports.
“Every other port is out there pitching more than ever,” said Kuryla, who returned home with a stack of business cards.
Since his return, he has visited several shipping lines to outline PortMiami’s progress in getting big-ship ready and try to win their business.
Currently 52 to 54 percent of PortMiami’s trade is North-South and it’s fairly balanced. But after the canal expansion is complete, Kuryla said he expects shipments from China and other Asian nations to pick up. To sweeten the deal, he said, the port needs to work to make sure those ships don’t make the costly journey back home empty.
PortMiami also hopes to win back its trans-shipment business.
About 25 percent of the port’s traffic used to be trans-shipment, meaning a large ship would dock here, unload and some of the cargo would be sent on to smaller Latin American and Caribbean markets.
Heightened inspections after 9/11 raised the cost of shipping through U.S. ports, as well as caused delays, gradually eating away at the port’s trans-shipment business until it became almost non-existent.
“It just became more financially feasible to move trans-shipments through ports offshore,” Kurlya said. But the port has been working with U.S. Customs and Border Protection, he said, so the process becomes more efficient and trans-shipped cargoes are given priority for inspections so they don’t miss their next ship.
Some trans-shipment has returned to Miami but it still only accounts for 1to2 percent of cargo. A new service is coming soon. On Oct.1, CMA CGM is adding a new call in Miami for its Amerigo Express service from the Mediterranean with trans-shipment to Mexico.
Miami, Jacksonville and Port Everglades all will face competition from ports farther up the coast that want the big ships, too.
And beyond that they’ll face competition from Panama itself.
There used to be a time when Panama’s own ports were inconsequential — a ship that had transited the canal often would be unloaded in Miami and then the goods would be shipped back down to Panama on a smaller vessel.
But no more. In 1995, Alemán said, Panama’s three ports — Balboa, Colón and Manzanillo — moved 200,000 containers. Last year, that number had increased to 7million, he said.
“I believe that Panama will become the most important logistics hub of the Americas,” Alemán said. “I look at Panama as one port with terminals in two oceans, and that is very unique.”
Meanwhile, the Port of New York and New Jersey has already deepened its channels and taken arrival of three super post-Panamax cranes, but the road bed of the Bayonne Bridge still must be raised so it will be high enough for the big ships to pass under it and reach terminals along the New Jersey waterfront.
Savannah, second largest container port on the East Coast, also wants deep water. With millions and millions of square feet of warehouse space, rail yards for CSX and Norfolk Southern on port and more than 100 cranes, Savannah is a formidable rival of PortMiami.
Many products destined for South Florida arrive in Savannah and move south by rail or truck. Kohl’s, Home Depot, Wal-Mart Stores, Target and IKEA all have distribution centers in Savannah.
It is that Florida-bound commerce that Kuryla would like to lure to PortMiami with deep water. With two big stores in South Florida, IKEA should be shipping through Miami, he said.
A study commissioned by the Florida Chamber of Commerce Foundation a couple years ago found that although the Sunshine State has 15 seaports, about 45 percent of the containerized cargo consumed in Florida arrives via ports in other states.
Kurlya said he expects that six to 12 months after the canal expansion is complete, there will be a gradual shift of post-Panamax vessels to Miami.
“I don’t view this as a gamble,” he said.
The Panama Canal Authority’s de Marotta doesn’t view the expansion as a gamble, either.
Already, the canal contributes $981million annually to the Panamanian economy, and the canal authority is hoping for an even bigger payoff after the expansion is complete.
The expansion, de Marotta said, is about “maintaining our competitiveness and remaining a focal point for logistics. We don’t want to lose market share and we don’t want to fall behind.”
Surse Pierpoint, general manager of Colon Import and Export, a Panamanian company that provides storage services and inventory management, is an expansion believer. “If the canal wasn’t expanded, it would become like Route 66 after the U.S. Interstate Highway System” made it obsolete, he said.
That isn’t to say there aren’t challenges.
The Suez Canal, already large enough for post-Panamax vessels, is talking about further expansion.
There’s also potential competition from a possible canal through Nicaragua that is being pushed by Chinese developer Wang Jing who wants to begin construction in December and finish in five years. It will be 173 miles long — more than three times the length of the Panama Canal and much wider.
With some global economies still recovering from the recession, cargo volumes are down and may not be sufficient to currently justify the huge expenditures by Panama and U.S. ports.
The canal authority also must get the pricing right for its new third lane so shipping lines will choose it over alternatives. Fees for transiting the current canal can range up to $400,000, and the authority wants to make sure that smaller ships continue to use its smaller locks when the new locks open.
“We need to make sure that tolls are attractive for both lanes so that all the traffic doesn’t move to the post-Panamax lanes,” de Marotta said. The new toll structure is expected to be released in December.
But so convinced are canal authority officials that the expansion is the way to go that they are studying adding a fourth lane and even bigger locks to accommodate bigger super tankers and the largest cruise ships. Both the third lane and a fourth lane would use substantial portions of the current canal, which is being widened in some areas.
The canal authority already had the idea of a fourth set of locks in mind during the design of today’s expansion, de Marotta said, and there is vacant authority land available should it decide to go that route.
In October, the canal authority plans to review the marketing studies that were done for the third set of locks and update the numbers to see what kind of a return a fourth set of locks might produce. “Now with Nicaragua’s plans for a canal, we’ll revisit this and see if it is feasible,” de Marotta said.
“I can understand why Nicaragua wants to have a canal,” she said, “but I think it’s a very, very expensive proposition.” Canal authorities estimate the Nicaragua canal will cost about $60billion to build. “If you have enough money, anything can be built, but it will take a very long time to recoup that investment,” de Marotta said. “And I know they can’t do it in five years.”
Even though the new set of locks isn’t big enough to handle the world’s biggest ships, their size is still mind-boggling and makes the current canal seem a bit like a charming antique.
Inside the walls, culverts that resemble a maze of subway-size tunnels have been completed. Now visitors can walk through them, but the locks are scheduled to be flooded in June 2015. Then water from Lake Gatún and new water-saving basins will flow into the culverts and be used to fill the locks.
The next big milestone will be the installation of the rolling gates for the new locks. Twelve of 16 gates, which range in weight from 2,867 to 4,163 tons each, have already arrived on the Atlantic side of the canal from Trieste, Italy, and the final shipment of four is expected by November.
Because the gates arrived on the Atlantic side via a post-Panamax vessel that won’t fit through the canal, eight gates destined for the Pacific will be floated one by one down the canal. There, a special sloping road has been built to slide them into the excavation area where they’ll be fitted into the locks.
Once the locks are flooded, testing will begin and continue until December 2015. The canal authority even plans to lease a post-Panamax ship to help with testing and the training of canal pilots and tugboat captains, de Marotta said.
Early in 2016, the third set of locks is expected to open to commercial traffic.
“The expansion marks the next 100 years of the canal,” Canal Administrator Jorge Quijano said during the August festivities for the canal’s anniversary.
Follow Mimi Whitefield on Twitter: @heraldmimi
Arbitration in Miami
There’s another Miami connection to the Panama Canal expansion project: a $1.6billion contract dispute over cost-overruns is under arbitration in Miami.
Work at the expansion began to slow last year as the dispute flared and talks broke down. Workers employed by Grupo Unidos por el Canal (GUPC) — a consortium of international construction companies that is the main contractor — walked off the job for 15 days in February.
But construction resumed after the Panama Canal Authority agreed to pay $37 million to cover December invoices, and both sides put in $100million to get work restarted as well as reached agreement on other conditions.
A $400 million surety bond from Zurich Insurance Group was used as backing while the consortium sought additional resources to complete the expansion.
That complex financing deal was concluded Sept.12 and the performance bond was returned to Zurich, said Jerry Brodsky, a Miami construction lawyer who represents the global insurer.
“Our goal was to try to salvage the project. Whenever you have to replace a contractor on a project, it’s not a good ending,” said Brodsky, a partner at Peckar & Abramson.
“Nothing we see financially should affect the completion of the project at this point,” said Brodsky.
Now the consortium has the resources it needs to finish the project and the dispute is being settled through the Miami arbitration process. GUPC has several different claims and a final hearing on the first one — a dispute over the Pacific coffer dam — will be held in December 2015 with a decision expected in 2016. | <urn:uuid:a07e21a6-3789-496e-92ff-a52bf86b025e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.miamiherald.com/news/business/biz-monday/article2197067.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00136-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954241 | 4,335 | 1.601563 | 2 |
We all know that teaching is a great career and a noble profession. This career also has some benefits which are perhaps not associated with other professions. Let’s have a look on benefits which you a person gains being a teacher:
- Mostly individuals who pursue teaching as a career have a specific passion and goal in their mind. So this career gives them the right platform to express and share their passion and expertise with others as well.
- Becoming a teacher will also enable you to play an active role in others’ life and inspiring them. These “others” mostly rather always are students. When you share your knowledge with students, you manage to influence them in a positive way which also enables them to shape their character.
- Teachers create a significant difference in lives of students. For a particular student, a teacher might be the only person who has trust in him and encourages him to give the best. In this way, you can bring change in a kid’s life everyday being his teacher.
- Being a teacher, you can bring some changes in classroom and whole education process which you wished when you were a student.
- You can change future of education being a teacher. When you get enough experience as a teacher, you are asked to mentor new teachers. In this way, you can share your experiences, wisdom and knowledge with new staff members. By teaching new things to new staff members, you will also influence education of those students who will have that new staff member as their teacher.
- Teachers also have an opportunity to enjoy new experiences every year. Since new students replace old ones at start of new academic year, teachers get a chance to teach new students and enjoy different joys and challenges as well. In this field, you will never get bored of monotony.
- Teachers also have to work only for a reasonable number of hours. In other professions, you may have to work for 10 to 12 hours but teaching job is just for 6 or maximum 8 hours. Teaching profession gives you more time to spend with your family. Teachers can also use this time to study further for getting better jobs.
- Teachers also enjoy job security as there is no downsizing and layoffs like in industries.
- Summer vacations are not only an attraction for students but for teachers as well. Teachers enjoy vacations of almost two months. Some teachers use this time to travel while some others start doing additional courses to earn more money.
Being a teacher not only renders you many benefits but also bless you with a satisfaction of changing lives of students in a positive way. | <urn:uuid:616eb1a0-5b93-4510-8a4e-3c45d09174ae> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://adamtheteacher.wordpress.com/tag/benefits-of-teaching-profession/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721278.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00147-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980164 | 525 | 2.859375 | 3 |
wholenesses is a valid word in this word list. For a definition, see the external dictionary links below.
The word "wholenesses" uses 11 letters: E E E H L N O S S S W.
No direct anagrams for wholenesses found in this word list.
Adding one letter to wholenesses does not form any other word in this word list.Words within wholenesses not shown as it has more than seven letters.
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All words formed from wholenesses by changing one letter
Browse words starting with wholenesses by next letter | <urn:uuid:8d4d776e-537a-4804-8381-b0855672ab22> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.morewords.com/word/wholenesses/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00126-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.855252 | 172 | 1.6875 | 2 |
The geodatabase template is an essential element of ArcGIS for INSPIRE. The geodatabase templates implement the application schemas of the abstract INSPIRE data models per the Annex 1, 2, and 3 data themes.
To install the INSPIRE geodatabase templates, follow the instructions in the ArcGIS for INSPIRE Geodatabase Template Installation Guide. After installation, see the use case documentation for how to set up and use INSPIRE View Services, INSPIRE Feature Download Services, and INSPIRE Predefined Dataset Download Services.
ArcGIS for INSPIRE geodatabase encoding rules
The implementation of the INSPIRE application schemas in the geodatabase relies on encoding rules that describe how to translate the abstract INSPIRE data models into the physical implementation in the INSPIRE geodatabase templates. The INSPIRE geodatabase templates support the publication of INSPIRE View and Download Services and the respective underlying datasets.
The main encoding rules are described in the following table:
An INSPIRE spatial object is typically represented as a feature class in the geodatabase. In cases where a spatial object does not have a geometry property, an object class is used instead.
The INSPIRE spatial object type AdministrativeUnits::AdministrativeUnit is stored in the geodatabase in the feature class auAdmUnitS.
The INSPIRE spatial object type Addresses::Address is stored in the geodatabase in the object class adAddress.
Names of feature classes, object classes, and fields are limited to 30 characters in the geodatabase. The names from the application schemas are therefore typically shortened in the geodatabase. To simplify the mapping between the names and to guarantee uniqueness, all names in the geodatabase start with the short code of the application schema.
The INSPIRE spatial object type AdministrativeUnits::AdministrativeUnit is stored in the geodatabase in the feature class auAdmUnitS. The short code for the application schema AdministrativeUnits is au.
Each feature or object class has two fields with identifiers. Both are integers. The OBJECTID field is an internal identifier, used only for management in the geodatabase. It's automatically set by the database upon insert. The IFCID field is the identifier used in foreign key relationships. It must be set upon insert into the database by the transformation process adding data to the geodatabase. It must be unique for the feature and object class in the geodatabase and for the INSPIRE spatial object type.
Attributes of an INSPIRE spatial object type with a maximum multiplicity greater than one are converted into their own object class. The attribute values are associated with the spatial object through foreign key references (RID field) to the associated feature or object class (IFCID field). Only by using this mechanism is it possible to have a general representation of multiple attribute values in a geodatabase.
The attribute name of the INSPIRE AdministrativeUnits::AdministrativeUnit spatial object type is converted to the auAdmUnitS_name object class. The object class contains all information from the value data type of the attribute. In addition, it contains the RID field that references the entry in the auAdmUnitS feature class to which the name belongs.
INSPIRE distinguishes between properties where the value is unknown to a data owner (value type void) and where the data owner knows that the property is not applicable for the particular spatial object (for example, a road without a road name). These cases must also be distinguished in the geodatabase. In the INSPIRE application schemas, these properties are marked with the stereotype <<voidable>>. An additional field with the suffix _void is added to the geodatabase in these cases.
Attributes with a data type that is marked with the stereotype <<codeList>> in the INSPIRE application schema are converted into the following two fields:
The nationalLevel attribute of the INSPIRE spatial object type AdministrativeUnits::AdministrativeUnit is converted to the nationalLevel field and nationalLevel_cl field. The nationalLevel field contains a value from the code list AdministrativeHierarchyLevel, for example, 1stOrder. The nationalLevel_cl field contains the URL, for example, http://services.interactive-instruments.de/download/cl/AdministrativeHierarchyLevel.xml.
Attributes with a data type that is marked with the stereotype <<enumeration>> in the INSPIRE application schema are converted into a single field. The field contains the value from the enumeration, which is represented in the geodatabase in a domain.
The legalStatus attribute of the INSPIRE spatial object type AdministrativeUnits::AdministrativeBoundary is converted to the legalStatus field. It contains a value from the enumeration, for example, agreed.
For attributes with a value that's a structure data type, (it's marked with the stereotype <<dataType>> or <<union>> in the INSPIRE application schema), all attributes of the data type are converted separately. Be sure that all names are unique.
The inspireId attribute of the INSPIRE spatial object type AdministrativeUnits::AdministrativeUnit is converted to the fields id_localId, id_namespace, id_versionId, and id_versionId_void.
Some INSPIRE spatial object types allow instances to carry a range of geometry types (for example, either a point, line string, or polygon). In the geodatabase, this requires using separate feature classes depending on the geometry type. As a result, these INSPIRE spatial object types are converted to multiple feature classes with different geometry types. To maintain uniqueness of the feature class names and indicate the geometry type, a short code is added to the end of the feature class name: P for points, MP for multipoints, L for line strings or multiline strings, and S for polygons or multipolygons.
The property geometry of the INSPIRE GeographicalNames::NamedPlace spatial object type is of the GM_Object (an arbitrary geometry) data type. As a result, the spatial object type is converted to gnNamedPlaceP, gnNamedPlaceMP, gnNamedPlaceL, and gnNamedPlaceS feature classes in the geodatabase.
There are spatial object types in the INSPIRE application schemas that have multiple geometry properties. In the geodatabase, however, every feature class can have only one geometry property. In these cases, an additional feature class is added that references the main feature class using a foreign key reference (RID field).
The INSPIRE CadastralParcels::CadastralParcel spatial object type has two geometry properties, geometry and referencePoint. The geometry attribute is converted to the SHAPE field in the cpParcelS feature class and the referencePoint attribute in the SHAPE field in the cpParcelS_refPoint feature class.
Data types with geometry properties are converted to feature classes, not object classes.
The AdministrativeUnits::ResidenceOfAuthority data type is converted to a feature class in the geodatabase, even if instances of the data type conceptually do not have an identity and are values owned by the parent spatial object type.
Most INSPIREapplication schemas use generalization relationships between spatial object types. Geodatabases do not support generalization as used in UML models. However, they support the subtype concept that has similarities and is used for converting generalizations to the INSPIRE geodatabase. The root class of an inheritance tree is converted to feature and object classes and all properties of their subtypes are converted to fields of them. An additional STYPE field distinguishes the type of each instance. The STYPE field must be set for all such instances. Depending on the instance, only the applicable fields are relevant.
The INSPIRE Hydro - Physical Waters::DrainageBasin spatial object type and the Hydro - Physical Waters::RiverBasin subtype are both converted to the hypBasinS feature class.
In some cases, the INSPIRE application schemas use multiple inheritance. In these cases, the properties from the abstract supertypes are propagated to all subtypes.
The hydroId, geographicalName, and relatedHydroObject properties from the HydroObject are represented in the feature classes of all subtypes, for example, DrainageBasin (hypBasinS).
The associations between INSPIRE spatial object types depend on the multiplicity of the relationship. For 1:n relationships, a field with a foreign key reference is added directly in the feature or object class. An intermediate table (object class) is created for n:m relationships. The relationship class capability of geodatabases is not used to improve performance, in particular during data loading. In addition, geodatabases do not support relationship classes for reflexive associations. The relationship is accessible in ArcMap via other mechanisms.
The 1:n relationship upperLevelUnit/lowerLevelUnit between instances of AdministrativeUnits::AdministrativeUnit is converted to the upperLevelUnit field.
The n:m relationship coAdminister/administeredBy between instances of AdministrativeUnits::AdministrativeUnit is converted to the auAdmUnit_admBySS intermediate table.
Additional notes and default values
The INSPIRE geodatabase template is based on the following:
- The coordinate reference system is EPSG:4258.
- In the conversion process, you may want to apply dataset-dependent rules. A specific case is the mapping of the data type GeographicalNames::GeographicalName. The INSPIRE data specification states that different profiles can be used, depending on the requirements. The complete data type contains a comprehensive model that's only relevant for a few datasets. In most datasets, a significantly reduced model is sufficient—converting a geographical name to a string. By default, the geodatabase is configured for the easiest profile. For cases where a complex model for geographical names is required, for example, representing a name in multiple languages and scripts (for example, Athen, Athens, Athína, and Αθήνα), a configuration option is available for enabling the full GN profile for NamedPlaces.
- All geometries are limited to linear interpolation including the theme Cadastral Parcels, which allows the use of circular arc interpolation.
- The geodatabase contains all INSPIRE application schemas (with the exception of the unused gazetteer schema) by default, even if only selected application schemas are needed.
- For properties where values are structured types from ISO 19115, for example, CI_Citation, the value must be stored in ISO/TS 19139 XML directly in the geodatabase field. This implies that no structured queries are supported on these attribute values.
- The relatedHydroObject property in all spatial objects that inherit from HydroObject is converted using a special rule. The standard rule leads to an inappropriate number of intermediate tables for relationships in the geodatabase. The property is converted to a field that must contain the URI of the referenced spatial object instead of the IFCID of the object.
Documentation of the feature and object classes in the INSPIRE geodatabase for Annex I
The complete description of the INSPIRE geodatabase is provided as a collection of linked documents that can be viewed in a web browser. This is available in the INSPIRE installation folder under the GDB Templates folder.
For each feature or object class associated with an INSPIRE spatial object type, a separate XML document is provided. In large parts, the documentation is taken directly from the documentation in the INSPIRE application schemas. Each document contains the following:
- Index to the sections of the document with links to them
- List and documentation of the INSPIRE spatial object types that are converted to the feature or object class; this includes the subtype codes (STYPE field)
- Fields of the feature or object class with the name of the field, name of the source property in the INSPIRE application schema, list of INSPIRE spatial object types for which this field applies, data type in the geodatabase, and documentation of the property with additional remarks about the conversion to the geodatabase
- Dependent feature or object classes (to represent additional geometry properties or multiple attribute values) with documentation and the list of all associated fields
- Intermediate tables of the n:m relationships
Notes for Annex II and Annex III data themes
The following are the Annex II- and Annex III-specific geodatabase implementation guidelines. These are Annex II and Annex III specific and take precedence over Annex I rules:
- Feature classes belonging to a particular data theme are organized in a feature dataset for that data theme. This supports better navigation and expansion when many additional data themes for Annex II and Annex III are implemented.
The Annex II and Annex III Geology and Land Cover feature classes and tables don't use the IFCID as the unique identifier as in Annex I. Instead, each table has its own unique identifier and the following are true:
- In the Geology data theme, featureID is used by multiple tables and must be unique within the table and in the data theme.
- In the Geology data theme, mappedFeatureID and boreholeID together are used by multiple feature classes and must be unique within the feature class and in the geology data theme.
- In Annex II and Annex III, the geodatabase relationship class is used to model the relationship between feature classes and tables to leverage geodatabase relationships. In most cases, the same identifier name is used for primary key and foreign key references.
- _void fields are populated using the geodatabase domain VoidReasonValue in Annex II and Annex III.
- Because many of the code list values in Annex II and Annex III are dynamic, expandable, and unknown in advance, in most cases, in the INSPIRE geodatabase, the code list values for Annex II and Annex III are implemented through the following three fields:
- _code—Contains the code for the code list
- _label—Contains the label for the code list value
_uri—Contains the URI reference for the code list value
- Some of the attribute data with unbounded multiplicity defined in INSPIRE spatial objects has been flattened in the geodatabase structure to make data population, performance, and presentation easier.
- Documentation for each Annex II and Annex III data theme includes a data model diagram and a data dictionary document that's available in the INSPIRE installation folder under the enterprise geodatabase templates folder. | <urn:uuid:1df7da8f-0dce-42f7-8339-29593f685fc9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gismaps.cityofnapa.org/arcgis/help/en/inspire/latest/get-started/geodatabase-template.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.823747 | 3,128 | 2.328125 | 2 |
An Oregon man who helped people steal Internet access was sentenced on Wednesday to three years in prison by a federal judge in Boston, as authorities step up a crackdown nationwide on computer fraud.
“I think you committed a very serious crime,” US District Judge Mark L. Wolf told Ryan Harris, 28, in federal court in Boston. Wolf said he hopes other hackers get the message that cybercrime has consequences, after the prosecution by the US attorney’s office in Boston.
Harris earned between $400,000 and $1 million over several years from the sale of products that allowed users to pirate Internet access from cable companies by cloning modem addresses, authorities said. He also wrote a how-to book on the topic.
“Mr. Harris acted with absolute, knowing malice,” said prosecutor Mona Sedky during the hearing. “He had a desire to punish the cable companies ... and he was motivated by greed.”
Harris’s lawyer, federal public defender Charles P. McGinty, countered that while his client was misguided, he was primarily motivated by anger that corporations could control the speed and quality of consumers’ Internet access.
“He acted on a grievance, as a lot of young people do,” McGinty said.
Martin Weinberg, a prominent Boston attorney who represents another man charged in a hacking case pending in the same court, said the US Department of Justice’s push to prosecute such cases has come in conflict with the growth of emerging digital technology.
He said lawyers are seeing “the application of the criminal justice system to technology and computer and Internet issues that either were not existent or primitive at the time the fraud statutes were enacted.”
“There’s been an explosion of cases nationwide under the computer theft statute,” Weinberg said.
Wolf said Wednesday that the wire fraud statute used to convict Harris has been utilized for decades to prosecute similar crimes related to telephone service and cable television.
According to an indictment, Harris lived in California and Hong Kong while operating his scheme and was the founder and president of TCNISO Inc., a San Diego-based company whose primary business was to sell cable modem hacking software and hardware products.
Some of Harris’s customers, who were not charged, lived in Worcester, Everett, Revere, and Mattapan, authorities said.
Harris and others developed hacking products that had names including Sigma, Blackcat, and DreamOS, which allowed computer users to gain access to the Internet without paying for it, according to prosecutors.
To access Internet service, Harris, who went by the moniker DerEngel, would modify, or uncap, a modem to remove the filters set up by the Internet service provider, allowing the modem to have a quicker Internet connection without the Internet service provider being able to throttle it.
Harris would also clone other people’s modem addresses, or identification codes that Internet providers use to confirm that a user is a paid subscriber. He was convicted of several counts related to the scheme in March.
Weinberg said Wednesday that courts have recently been divided over whether federal fraud laws should be so broadly applied to improper use of technology of the Internet.
Just months ago, he said, the Ninth US Circuit Court of Appeals in California ordered the reduction of a sentence of a man convicted of breaching his employe’s computer access, after finding there was no criminal intent.
On Wednesday, Laurie Jill Wood, director of security for the St. Louis-based Charter Communications, one of the companies affected by Harris’s scheme, said engineers spent years trying to combat the software sold by Harris, and at times kicked legitimate subscribers off the network as a result.
She said the company also at times was unable to identify for law enforcement the subscribers who were suspected of unrelated computer crimes, because so many of the modems were cloned.
“This happened many, many times and it made me sick,” Wood said.
McGinty argued on Wednesday and in a prior court filing that representatives of the targeted companies did not appear to be overly concerned about Harris’s conduct in emails.
Harris, who wore a gray suit and glasses, told Wolf in brief, halting remarks that he is currently working at a legitimate job in the computer industry in Oregon and that he wants to continue his career.
“I was scared [after conviction],” Harris said. “I’m still scared now.”
Wolf ordered Harris to report to prison on Sept. 4, unless the First US Circuit Court of Appeals orders a stay of the sentence pending appeal. He also ordered Harris to pay about $200,000 in fines and restitution, and to serve three years of supervised release.
Weinberg said Wednesday that federal courts will continue to wrestle with questions of cyber law.
“You’re at the dawn of a technology age,” he said. “The federal courts are at the epicenter of trying to apply crime to technology they didn’t foresee, but which is crying out for legal decisions.” | <urn:uuid:fec468d4-0a0a-456c-82f0-9bd1273a93ee> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://archive.boston.com/metrodesk/2012/06/27/federal-judge-boston-sentences-hacker-three-years-prison/UOhxDJgViChDDiNizA69FM/story.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00027-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971291 | 1,055 | 1.53125 | 2 |
What is a Search Engine?
A search engine is an online database of websites that allows Internet users to search for information contained on websites listed in the database by “Keywords”. Keywords are words or phrases that Internet searchers are likely to use when looking for information on a specific topic. For example, the words “Victoria hotels” would likely be used when looking for information on accommodations in Victoria BC. Each search engine has slightly different behaviors and characteristics.
What is a Directory?
A directory is a search tool much like a search engine but with a few major differences. Directories tend to employ human editors to review and rank websites submitted to their database. DMOZ.org is one of the most well known examples of a directory. Most directories catalog websites based on a variety of topic categories such as Business and Economics, or Arts and Culture. Most directories demand payment before assigning a website review to one of their editors, although many, such as DMOZ are free.
What is PPC or Pay Per Click?
Companies such as Google and Yahoo Search Marketing allow webmasters the chance to purchase placement in an auction system. Advertisers pay for the traffic they recieve on a “per click” basis, hence the name “pay per click”. StepForth has Pay Per Click campaign management keyword research services designed to find the best performing keywords to bid on.
Is there a simple solution to top placement?
There is no simple solution to attaining high search engine rankings. Search engine optimization (SEO) is time consuming work and requires current knowledge of the latest search engine guidelines, SEO tactics and web site structures that are most likely to improve rankings.
Are not all search engines the same?
Each search engine has its own unique characteristics. As businesses differ from one another, each search engine has found ways to make its service slightly different from the others.
Will my website stay at the #1 position once my website is placed there by StepForth?
Search Engine rankings fluctuate regularly, however, if your site is properly maintained by an SEO specialist month to month then it is likely that the movement will usually be confined to within the top 10 positions.
My website did not get accepted last time I submitted to the search engines… why?
Search Engine listings are not guaranteed to everyone who posts a website to the Internet. Search engines are for-profit businesses and have the right to refuse to list any site for virtually any reason. At StepForth we specialize in getting sites listed on search engines. These days the engines will find your site on their own, so submission is seldom necessary. A properly optimized and linked website will stand the best chance of being listed.
How long does it take to see results?
It can take anywhere from a few weeks to a few years. There are many factors which impact how long this will take based on the industry, website age, the level of competition for your desired target phrases, and a number of other factors. A properly optimized site has the best chance for quick results. Ask about our SEO services.
The first, and most common method of finding websites is through the use of a “spider”. Search engines send these spiders out to follow all links from page to page, and site to site. By having links from other relevant sites pointing to your site, the search engines will ultimately discover and index your website.
Another way, and most direct method is to accept submissions from website designers and optimizers. Most search engines have a “submit your URL” section inviting submissions from Internet users. Users can also submit an XML sitemap which can further help the search engines index and rank your website.
What is a “Spider”?
A “spider” is a software program that travels the web examining websites in order to add them to a search engine database and rank them according to the specific ranking criteria for that search engine. Most search engines use spiders to quickly and efficiently canvas the web for information.
What is Web Site Optimization?
Web Site Optimization is the process of making websites search engine friendly. The process often involves minor modifications to, or additions of, several standard elements of a website.
What do you mean by Search Engine Friendly?
We use this term to describe a website that has specific elements added or modified to attract and please search engine spiders. Here is a link to an article that will provide you with more information: “Is Your Web Site Search Engine Friendly? Your Personal Checklist” – A StepForth SEO Tutorial
Why might I need to have extra elements added to my website?
A search engine spider is an automated program that electronically probes every URL submitted to its database. As the spider is a computer program, it is designed to look for and rank very specific items on each page it probes. If those elements are present, the spider computes a higher ranking than it would if those elements were not present.
If these elements are so important, why didn’t they get added when my site was originally designed?
Most website designers haven’t learned the importance of search engine friendly design. In almost every case we’ve encountered, the site designer is a highly skilled and creative person whose job is to put your ideas on the web. More often than not, the designers have not received any training in web site optimization and don’t think about it while pursuing a cool looking design. Search engines are also constantly changing their ranking criteria. They do this to prevent gross manipulation of their search tools. Often, website designers are not fully up to date with changes at search engines. At StepForth, we spend a good portion of our time studying how search engines work and how any sudden changes might effect our clients.
Why don’t I just do the work myself and save money?
You can do the work yourself. You will need to continuously update your knowledge of how the various search engines work and any changes made in the way they work. This shouldn’t take you too much time. Once you get the hang of it, search engine optimization (SEO) can be as simple as re-shoeing the brake pads on your car or replacing the motherboard and system bios in your computer.
You should know that if you make a mistake in optimization and submission, it can take months to find the mistake and fix it, resubmit the site and obtain the search engine ranking you desired. Our 14+ years of experience with search engine optimization helps us avoid most mistakes. | <urn:uuid:66e1be1d-be19-4515-99b2-feec535d0ea6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.stepforth.com/resources/web-marketing-knowledgebase/common-seo-questions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00431-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941098 | 1,352 | 2.15625 | 2 |
An inquisitive student asked her Bible teacher, "How did Cain get his wife when Abel and he were
the only two children of the first human beings, Adam and Eve?" It was a very difficult question for
the teacher to answer. The teacher walked around the room and thought for so long while his
students awaited in silence to hear the most unanswered biblical truth. The teacher cleared his throat, 'huh,' and said in an assertive voice. "That is a very excellent question, and I have also an excellent answer to give you." He paused for a moment, and confidently told the eager children, "I really don't know." "OOhh," grumbled the children. One shouted at the back, "you are a bible teacher, you should know the answer." The teacher answered, "I wish I had known." And he continued. "My dear children, the first question we should ask God when we die and get to heaven is, please God tell me, I had difficulty trying to find out how Cain got his by reading the Bible. Since I am here with you now, tell me how or where did Cain his wife?" The class end without children getting their answer as they desired.
The teacher on his part did an excellent work by telling the children truth that he did not know the answer. He lets God to be one who has all the answers to our difficult questions of life.
If you were a teacher of that class what would be your explanation or answer to the question, where did Cain get his wife? It is not easy to give a satisfactory or precise answer with detail biblical citation to prove your answers as biblical simply because the Bible does not have the answer. And this fact alone is an answer itself. We have to leave it to God and when will God tells us is when we meet him face to face. There are, of course, some ways, in fact two sources of information, in which we can seek information from or give any explanation. They are external and internal sources. Internal source is the Bible and was sought already by the teacher and gave an excellent answer to his students.
The Bible itself must attest for itself. It must reveal, give definite answer where we can pinpoint to texts where we can confirm our answers. In this case, the story of Cain and Abel appeared in Genesis 4. We do not read of any mention of how and where Cain got his wife in verses1-16, but all of a sudden in verse 17 we read of Cain's descendants. We are stunned, how could that be? So there is exactly no internal evidence to really accurately answer how or where Cain got his wife. And we react naturally, where did Cain get his wife? But the fact remains that he has descendants, the question still remains- where did he get his wife? Because of this, there is no concrete textual evidence in the bible- that is there are no internal evidences in the bible. The evidence from internal source will only be deemed authority and proven. Therefore, there is no authoritative answer to the question. The other source- that is the external source we seek to find an answer and an explanation will be only by assumption because it is not an authority.
The external source can be from knowledge derived from researches in archaeology, sociology, mythology and social sciences. Our possible explanation how or where Cain got his wife would be by the following assumptions.
First, it assumed that the biblical writers did not foresee that people in the 21st century will ask such a question. It was not their aim to give details of how and where Cain got his wife; their aim was to tell a story of sin multiplied from a single act of disobedience in the garden. The writers did not think this was the important question for their story, but how sin multiplied was an important question to be answered in the story by highlighting Cain killing his brother and the punishment that came with it.
Second, it assumed that Cain must have married one of his own sisters. This can be proven by anthropological studies that Israelites were endogamy. They practised marriage within their blood clans. For instance, Abraham married Sarah, his half sister. His son Isaac married Rebecca granddaughter of Abraham's brother Nahor (Genesis 24). Jacob married his two cousins, Leah and Rachael. Where else would Cain get a wife if they were the first people? The story is not told in chronological order where events happened in timely order. Cain may have waited till Adam and Eve had other children (Genesis 5:4), he may have married one of his own sisters.
To modern readers and especially inquisitive children who have this sort of question in their mind may see these assumptions illogical and to some extend nonsensical. The biblical writers were not ignorant, but wrote a story that served their purpose as any modern story teller would do. The writer writes to serve his intend and ignores other details he considers unnecessary for his purpose.
On the second assumption, one would really think it is insane or immoral for one to marry his own blood sister or brother. On the contrary, for Israelites, this was the practise- to be pure blooded Israel and not to intermarry with pagan people. It was a practice in the ancient world to keep blood or their species alive.
For human species to be kept alive; Adam and Eve would have no inclination whatsoever to give their daughter to her brother to marry. This practice was common as we read of Lot and his two daughters in the mountain caves of Zoar(Genesis 19:20ff). When the two daughters of Lot saw their father and only male in their confinement aged, they made him drunk and took turns to have intercourse with him to have children just to keep their blood alive. Their act now we may consider it as immoral, indecent and term it incest was lesser evil of the two evils. It would be very evil deed indeed to just live to an old age and die without leaving behind a descendent to keep human species alive. Or for the two daughters to do nothing at all and die and bring human species to end, but it is better to commit what is seen as evil for the good of the continuity of human species. The Ammonites and Moabites were descendents of these acts of the two Lot sisters.
Cain may have been in similar scenario. At another level we just have to see that God' command of multiplication and subduing of earth lies in the core of this human activity. These acts are committed either consciously or unconsciously it is God who allows it to happen so that his desire for the earth to be subdued is achieved as well as his promise of an offspring of the woman to bruise the head of the snake is fulfilled in Jesus Christ(Genesis 3:15). What would happen if this assumption that Cain did not marry his own sister is not probable, where else and how would Cain get his wife? How would it be possible (as the Gospel writers did) to trace Jesus' genealogy to Cain? Or even still how can we be here today asking this very question? | <urn:uuid:cdfbaedd-6f91-4b2b-a468-bbd17cf11dd4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.infobarrel.com/Where_Did_Cain_Get_His_Wife%3F | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00217-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.988686 | 1,448 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Remarkable advances during the past 50 years in the technology to prevent, diagnose, and treat cardiovascular disease have contributed to marked declines in cardiovascular mortality. However, these gains have been accompanied by substantial growth in healthcare costs. The VA faces pressure like never before to more fully optimize the value of its cardiovascular care.
This mixed-methods study compares the outcomes and costs of care for two widely prevalent and high-cost cardiovascular conditions - ischemic heart disease (IHD) and chronic heart failure (CHF) - across VA medical centers from fiscal years 2010 to 2014. The specific aims of the research project are: (1) to identify the VAMCs that consistently produced excellent risk-adjusted health outcomes for veterans with IHD and CHF during this five-year period and quantify the costs of care associated with producing these outcomes; (2) to identify and quantify the structural aspects of CHF/IHD care at these VAMCs that are most conducive to optimal outcomes and economic efficiency.
This is a "mixed-methods" study involving (Phase 1) a retrospective cohort analysis of existing VA national health care data to assess health care costs and outcomes among Veterans with IHD and CHF using multivariable statistical analyses. Hierarchical generalized linear models were conducted to investigate hospital-level outcomes and costs of cardiovascular care while controlling for key differences across VAMCs in their CHF and IHD patient populations. Phase 2 involved a prospective series of targeted interviews with healthcare providers at VAMCs to identify factors that contribute to high value cardiovascular care.
Investigators completed their analyses of cardiovascular outcomes for CHF (n=348,015) and IHD (n=930,079) at 138 VA hospitals and their affiliated outpatient clinics. Statistically significant variation in the mortality rates for Veterans with these diseases was observed across VA medical centers. For IHD, VA hospitals' risk-standardized mortality varied from 5.6% to 8.9%, p<0.001 for the difference. For CHF, VA hospitals' risk-standardized mortality varied from 11.8% to 18.0%, p<0.001 for the difference. Hospitals' mortality rates among their IHD/CHF populations were only loosely correlated to hospitals' 30-day mortality rates for myocardial infarction (R2=0.04, p=0.06) or hospitalized heart failure (R2=0.13, p<0.001) and to the VA's star rating system (R2=0.07, p=0.003).
Analysis of healthcare cost data across 138 VAMCs revealed that mean annual expenditures for veterans with heart failure varied from $21,300 to $52,800 per patient, while annual survival varied between 81.4% and 88.9%. There was a modest U-shaped association between spending and survival such that adjusted survival was statistically significantly higher at the minimum (p<0.001) and maximum levels (p<0.001) of spending by an average of 2 percentage points.
Qualitative analysis from Phase 2 revealed that most providers were aware of process-of-care measurements at their facilities, received regular feedback generated from those data, and used that feedback to change their practices. Fewer respondents reported clinical outcomes measures influencing their practice, and virtually no participants used value data to inform their practice, although several described administrative barriers limiting high-cost care. Providers also expressed general enthusiasm for the VA's quality measurement/improvement efforts, with relatively few criticisms about the workload or opportunity costs inherent in clinical performance data collection.
Results indicate that risk-standardized mortality rates for IHD and CHF varied widely across the VA's hospitals, and this variation was not well explained by differences in demographics or comorbidities. This variation may signal substantial differences in the quality of cardiovascular care across the VA's hospitals. Additionally, despite marked differences in mean annual expenditures per Veteran with CHF, we observed only a modest relationship between spending amounts and survival, with slightly higher survival observed at the extremes of the spending range. Interviews with providers at high- and low-performing hospitals revealed that most VA cardiovascular providers used feedback from process-of-care data to inform their practice. However, the limited use of outcomes data to inform health care practice raises concern that health care outcomes may have insufficient influence, while the lack of value data influencing cardiovascular care practices may perpetuate inefficiencies in resource use. These data provide a critical blueprint to VA clinical and operations leaders seeking to improve cardiovascular care throughout the VA healthcare system. Via the Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion's dissemination program, our findings will be communicated to key policy and clinical leaders in VA cardiology, who have partnered with the project's research team as co-investigators in the design and conduct of the study.
External Links for this Project
Grant Number: I01HX001630-01A1
- Groeneveld PW, Medvedeva EL, Walker L, Segal AG, Menno DM, Epstein AJ. Association Between Spending and Survival of Chronic Heart Failure Across Veterans Affairs Medical Centers. JAMA Network Open. 2019 Jul 3; 2(7):e197238. [view]
- Groeneveld PW, Medvedeva EL, Walker L, Segal AG, Richardson DM, Epstein AJ. Outcomes of Care for Ischemic Heart Disease and Chronic Heart Failure in the Veterans Health Administration. JAMA cardiology. 2018 Jul 1; 3(7):563-571. [view]
- Segal AG, Rodriguez KL, Shea JA, Hruska KL, Walker L, Groeneveld PW. Quality and Value of Health Care in the Veterans Health Administration: A Qualitative Study. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2019 May 7; 8(9):e011672. [view] | <urn:uuid:55160947-6a8a-4991-bb60-905ebfb3b70e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hsrd.research.va.gov/research/abstracts.cfm?Project_ID=2141703949 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.924153 | 1,260 | 1.5 | 2 |
HGST Ultrastar He6 Internals
The HGST Ultrastar He6 comes in the typical 3.5-inch form factor. A distinguishing feature is the lack of components and fasteners on the top of the drive. There is a small round protrusion on the bottom left under the sticker; the rest of the surface of the drive is flat. The drive is noticeably lighter due to reduced components and the lack of fasteners.
Upon removal of the PCB, we immediately note thick pins protruding from the bottom of the case. These pins mate with the PCB to provide communication with the drive. These pins are a departure from any other current HDD design. Most designs use flat pins that connect to the bottom of the PCB.
The plastic outcropping to the upper left of the PCB mates with the pins on the base of the drive. The NANYA 64-bit DRAM cache chip resides to the right, and the SMOOTH drive motor controller occupies the lower left of the PCB. There are accelerometers on the upper right and lower left, and the typical drive-motor power connections are in the middle of the lower edge of the PCB.
We peeled the sticker back to find the source of the protrusion. This sealed opening is where HGST injects helium during the last manufacturing steps. Each drive requires less helium than a typical child's balloon. If helium escapes, it will travel to the top of the room. Helium is harmless in low concentrations and is used instead of nitrogen for breathing during deep-sea diving.
The LSI TNNGG6282 controller powers the device. There is a thermal pad to transfer heat from the controller into the body of the drive, and a thick foam pad is placed between the drive housing and the PCB to reduce vibration. Limited sample availability forced us to refrain from pulling the drive apart for pictures of the new platter architecture. The graphic above does a nice job of highlighting the enhanced platter density.
We tested idle power and measured the He6 at 7watts and 5.3-5.4 watts during sleep intervals. The HGST 7K4000 has a much higher average idle power draw, but this is typical for the 7,200RPM segment.
HGST Ultrastar He6 Specifications
The HGST Ultrastar He6 utilizes Thermal Fly-height Control (TFC) to maintain performance in high-vibration environments and multi-drive deployments. The He6 is rated for 600,000 load/unload cycles and a yearly workload of 550TB. The drive features adaptive error correction and optional Bulk Data Encryption for SATA models and TCG Enterprise A for SAS models. The SAS model has a broader range of sector sizes and incrementally higher power consumption.
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- Page 1 [Introduction]
- Page 2 [HGST Ultrastar He6 Internals and Specifications]
- Page 3 [Test System and Methodology]
- Page 4 [Benchmarks - 4k Random Read/Write]
- Page 5 [Benchmarks - 8k Random Read/Write]
- Page 6 [Benchmarks - 128k Sequential Read/Write]
- Page 7 [Benchmarks - Database/OLTP and File Server]
- Page 8 [Benchmarks - Email Server]
- Page 9 [Final Thoughts]
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Image 1 of 1
Steatoda grossa - female. With its dark, shiny, globular body is the most Black Widow-like of our false widow spiders and it is common in dark corners of houses and outbuildings in southern Britain. The young female spiders have clear pale forward-pointing chevrons on the dark abdomen which fade as they get larger but are usually still just visible. The spider can deliver a nip but does not have the reputation for causing pain as has Steatoda nobilis. | <urn:uuid:6f33caf6-3b1f-4da1-99da-a5730e1eb0a6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.naturephotographers.co.uk/image/I00004pislbEmGCU | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.953741 | 113 | 1.84375 | 2 |
MATES INDUSTRY PARTNERS
MATES in Construction is a national, for the industry, by the industry, not for profit that exists to strengthen the construction industry by preventing suicide, because a life saved is one less family grieving, one less site closed down and one less community heartbroken.
A relationship with MATES demonstrates a commitment to raising the standard of mental health to the industry. Our aim is not just to reduce suicide and mental stress, but to eliminate it completely from our industry. But we can only do that by changing the overall culture of the industry, from the belief that suicide is just an individual problem, to something we all have a responsibility to look out for and prevent which is why partnerships with businesses like you are so vital.
We give workers the tools they need to support their mates on site. We do this through training and awareness building around sites across the country. We run a number of different programs and courses as tools to help workers identify warning signs and intervene with understanding and confidence. Not only is this program designed to provide relevant services to those who suffer from suicidal thoughts but it also enables those around them to feel capable rather than helpless, and we have already reached over 100,000 workers nationwide.
Our programs are successful in reducing suicides and mental health incidents on construction sites because our approach is backed by data. All our training is based on rigorous academic research and understanding, which means that you know that your investment is going towards making a genuine difference to the industry in the most effective way possible.
We understand the industry because we are part of the industry. As construction workers ourselves we are not external experts, but actual industry participants who now work within suicide and mental health. As participants in the industry we also understand the realities of running a business which is why our training is free and takes up limited time. Our training also works within the structures construction businesses already have in place, meaning we can execute programs quickly and with minimal disruption.
We act as advocates for the industry and we work with our industry partners to research, evaluate and then educate national and state governments on the need for further support for workplace mental health and suicide prevention initiatives. We are completely bi partisan - we have deep involvement from employers, unions, academia and industry partners and any organisation that has a vested interest in raising the mental health of the construction industry.
Our aim to is give businesses and their employees the tools to enable mental health ongoing, without ongoing involvement from us – by supporting with MATES in Construction you are investing in the long term future health of the industry.
MATES is fortunate that so many employers and businesses in the industries we support, allow their workers to attend MATES training and support each other within paid working hours. This is a significant investment that makes a real difference for suicide prevention and mental health in the workplace. | <urn:uuid:0e14cc80-e334-40cd-8ab9-7d813a00fa0a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mates.org.au/construction/industry-partnerships | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.967575 | 573 | 1.625 | 2 |
1 400 1 500
VYROUBOFF, Anna Alexandrovna (nee Tanieff, 1884-1964), Journal intime. Riga, 1928.
Lady-in-waiting to and closest confidante of Tsaritsa Alexandra Feodorovna. Felix Yusupov held her responsible for introducing the Tsaritsa to Rasputin and indirectly bringing about the downfall of the House of Romanov and the Russian Empire. Arrested in 1917, she escaped to Finland where she took vows as an Orthodox nun. Postcard with portrait of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna and the Tsarevich published by the Empress’ charity to raise funds for the families of those wounded in the 1904-1905 [Russo-Japanese] War, written in English, informing Nona Kerr, lady-in-waiting to Princess Irene (sister of the Empress Alexandra), of her impending marriage in 1907. Joint: Journal intime d’Anna Vyrouboff. Riga, 1928. | <urn:uuid:82e33d7a-ef4f-4cf2-af2b-4da896501297> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hermitagefineart.com/it/lots/2019-july-russian-art/365/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.858695 | 215 | 1.859375 | 2 |
There are four children in a family, two girls, Kate and Sally, and
two boys, Tom and Ben. How old are the children?
Arrange the numbers 1 to 16 into a 4 by 4 array. Choose a number.
Cross out the numbers on the same row and column. Repeat this
process. Add up you four numbers. Why do they always add up to 34?
Can you arrange the numbers 1 to 17 in a row so that each adjacent
pair adds up to a square number?
A little bit of algebra explains this 'magic'. Ask a friend to pick 3 consecutive numbers and to tell you a multiple of 3. Then ask them to add the four numbers and multiply by 67, and to tell you. . . .
You have twelve weights, one of which is different from the rest.
Using just 3 weighings, can you identify which weight is the odd
one out, and whether it is heavier or lighter than the rest?
Pick the number of times a week that you eat chocolate. This number must be more than one but less than ten.
Multiply this number by 2. Add 5 (for Sunday). Multiply by 50... Can you explain why it. . . .
Pick a square within a multiplication square and add the numbers on
each diagonal. What do you notice?
Caroline and James pick sets of five numbers. Charlie chooses three of them that add together to make a multiple of three. Can they stop him?
Which set of numbers that add to 10 have the largest product?
Imagine we have four bags containing a large number of 1s, 4s, 7s and 10s. What numbers can we make?
The sums of the squares of three related numbers is also a perfect
square - can you explain why?
When number pyramids have a sequence on the bottom layer, some interesting patterns emerge...
In how many ways can you arrange three dice side by side on a
surface so that the sum of the numbers on each of the four faces
(top, bottom, front and back) is equal?
Can you see how this picture illustrates the formula for the sum of
the first six cube numbers?
A, B & C own a half, a third and a sixth of a coin collection.
Each grab some coins, return some, then share equally what they had
put back, finishing with their own share. How rich are they?
A game for 2 players that can be played online. Players take it in turns to select a word from the 9 words given. The aim is to select all the occurrences of the same letter.
If you can copy a network without lifting your pen off the paper and without drawing any line twice, then it is traversable.
Decide which of these diagrams are traversable.
In this 7-sandwich: 7 1 3 1 6 4 3 5 7 2 4 6 2 5 there are 7 numbers between the 7s, 6 between the 6s etc. The article shows which values of n can make n-sandwiches and which cannot.
Spotting patterns can be an important first step - explaining why it is appropriate to generalise is the next step, and often the most interesting and important.
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Replace each letter with a digit to make this addition correct.
Show that if you add 1 to the product of four consecutive numbers
the answer is ALWAYS a perfect square.
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inspection of the patterns. A glimpse of the classification of
knots and a little about prime knots, crossing numbers and. . . .
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completion of the square into the correct order to prove the
formula for the solutions of quadratic equations.
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Find all the angles in the diagram. Prove that the quadrilateral
shown in red is a rhombus.
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The final of five articles which containe the proof of why the sequence introduced in article IV either reaches the fixed point 0 or the sequence enters a repeating cycle of four values.
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three consecutive whole numbers and multiply them together and then
add the middle number of the three, you get the middle number. . . .
You have been given nine weights, one of which is slightly heavier
than the rest. Can you work out which weight is heavier in just two
weighings of the balance?
The first of two articles on Pythagorean Triples which asks how many right angled triangles can you find with the lengths of each side exactly a whole number measurement. Try it!
Use the numbers in the box below to make the base of a top-heavy
pyramid whose top number is 200.
This is the second article on right-angled triangles whose edge lengths are whole numbers.
How many pairs of numbers can you find that add up to a multiple of 11? Do you notice anything interesting about your results?
Can you rearrange the cards to make a series of correct mathematical statements?
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blocks will give you some insights that may help you to work it
Take any prime number greater than 3 , square it and subtract one.
Working on the building blocks will help you to explain what is
special about your results.
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give learners opportunities to learn, develop or use mathematical
concepts and skills. Read here for more information.
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Advent Calendar 2011 - a mathematical activity for each day during the run-up to Christmas.
Try to solve this very difficult problem and then study our two suggested solutions. How would you use your knowledge to try to solve variants on the original problem?
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Three teams have each played two matches. The table gives the total
number points and goals scored for and against each team. Fill in
the table and find the scores in the three matches. | <urn:uuid:c9c19f84-452e-4c90-82fa-81b952f75c85> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://nrich.maths.org/public/leg.php?code=71&cl=3&cldcmpid=1053 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00493-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.925922 | 1,643 | 3.453125 | 3 |
For more information about the structure display options, see Structure Display Options.
Display Options: Rendering
Displays the structure with Ball and Stink rendering.
Displays the structure with Spacefill rendering.
Display Options: Misc
Displays atom numbers with the structure.
Displays bond lengths with the structure.
Displays graph invariants with the structure.
Displays lone pairs (valence electron pairs without bonding or sharing with other atoms) with the structure.
Displays the partial charge value of each atom.
Displays atomic hydrogen bond donor and acceptor multiplicity.
Localization energies L(+) and L(-) for electrophilic and nucleophilic attack at an aromatic center are calculated by the Huckel method. The smaller L(+) or L(-) means a more reactive atomic location. Order of atoms in E(+) or Nu(-) attack are adjusted according to their localization energies.
The total pi energy, the pi-electron density, and the total electron density are also calculated by the Huckel method.
Atomic contribution to logP.
Orbital electronegativity is the measure of the ability of atoms to attract electrons in the context of chemical bonds and is calculated from the partial charge distribution of atoms.
Displays the pKa values of all proton gaining or losing atoms based on the partial charge distribution.
Displays atomic polarizability values.
Displays refractivity values with the structure.
Returns steric hindrance values on each atom in the image of the input molecule.
Returns steric effect index values on each atom in the image of the input molecule. | <urn:uuid:99a873f8-dfda-4396-93cb-7055b5abdf8d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://docs.chemaxon.com/display/lts-gallium/image.md | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.703894 | 450 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Israeli forces have displayed continuing recklessness in their use of force against Palestinian protesters when they killed a young man and a teenager, and injured others, during a crackdown on demonstrations to commemorate the Nakba in the occupied West Bank today, said Amnesty International.
The killings occurred in a demonstration outside Ofer military camp. As well as commemorating the Nakba (the dispossession of Palestinians in 1948), the demonstrators were expressing solidarity with around 125 Palestinian detainees who are being held by Israel without charge and have been on hunger strike for 22 days to protest their detention conditions.
The Israeli army and border police used excessive, including lethal, force in response to rock-throwing protesters who could not have posed a threat to the lives of the soldiers and policemen in or near the fortified military camp.
“The news that two Palestinians were killed during today’s demonstrations is alarming. Israeli forces have repeatedly resorted to extreme violence to respond to Palestinian protests against Israel’s occupation, discriminatory policies, confiscation of land and construction of unlawful settlements. The use of unnecessary and excessive force by Israeli forces against protesters in the occupied Palestinian territories, and in Israel, is unacceptable and must be stopped immediately,” said Philip Luther, Director of the Middle East and North Africa Programme at Amnesty International.
“The Israeli authorities must ensure that their forces act in a manner that respects and upholds human rights. Amnesty International is calling for a prompt, independent, and transparent investigation into these deaths and injuries.”
Amnesty International documented the repeated use of excessive force and unlawful killings of dozens of Palestinian civilians, including children, in the occupied West Bank over the past three years in its report Trigger Happy: Israel’s excessive use of force in the West Bank, released in February 2014.
Israel must uphold its obligations under international law to respect the right to life by adhering strictly to international standards on the use of force by law enforcement officials, and guarantee the right of Palestinians to peaceful assembly. They must also ensure the rights of victims of human rights violations, and their families, to full reparation. | <urn:uuid:b02b2b00-d53b-4e56-b6d4-c75fedf7d51f> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.pressreleasepoint.com/israeli-forces-display-recklessness-killing-two-protesters-west-bank | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717783.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00075-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958683 | 425 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Yunnan Baiyao (YNBY) is trusted to take care of rhexis haemorrhage and ulcer in China. of bias had been excluded. Great heterogeneities and feasible publication bias had been discovered among the studies which preclude specific conclusions. The prevailing data demonstrated that YNBY by itself was useful in dealing with uterine haemorrhage, ulcerative colitis and epidermis ulcer. YNBY plus regular antiulcer medications was far better in dealing with ulcerative colitis versus antiulcer medications by itself. (San Qi), 17.3% Thumb, 10.2% Makino, 7.3% Willd. Maxim, 6.2% Hance, and 5.1% L. Yunnan Baiyao provides several types of planning (natural powder, capsule, MEK162 aerosol and tincture) for regional application and acquiring orally. The medication dosage restriction was 0.25 g to 4 g each day for both local application and acquiring orally. Based on the Traditional Chinese language Medication theory, YNBY can either inhibit blood loss (removing excessive scorching bloodstream) or promote regular blood circulation in the vessels (getting rid of excessive stagnant dried out blood), thereby the usage MEK162 of it can end blood loss and disperse bloodstream stasis regardless of the generally unknown exact systems. It has additionally been shown to modify immune system function and anti-inflammation . YNBY continues to be trusted by Traditional Chinese language Medicine (TCM) professionals to stop blood loss caused by distressing injury and medical procedures, haemoptysis, hematochezia, MEK162 hemorrhoid haemorrhage, metrorrhagia, metrostaxis and ulcer (ulcerative colitis, peptic ulcer, dental ulcer and pores and skin ulcer) [19,20,22-25] predicated on the traditional smart in TCM that both ulcer and blood loss share an identical mechanism of irregular microcirculation with extreme hot bloodstream (blood loss) and dried out blood (stasis) because of hot and chilly bad . YNBY could be found in monotherapy or coupled with additional haemostatic medicines or antiulcer providers. The MEK162 amount of randomized managed tests (RCTs) which evaluated YNBY is continuously increasing. It’s important to measure the aftereffect of YNBY on particular disease. The aim of current organized evaluate and meta-analysis is definitely to look for the benefits and harms of YNBY gets the effectiveness on haemorrhage and ulcer also to determine the best option signs for YNBY by subgroup evaluation. Material and strategies Data resources and search strategies We looked (without dialects, countries and publication position limitations) the digital libraries including PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, MAP2K2 Cochrane Library (Concern 6, 2012), CNKI (China Country wide Knowledge Facilities), VIP and Sinomed using the conditions Yunnan Baiyao, Yunnan Bai Yao, MEK162 Yunnan Paiyao, medical trial, medical observation as free of charge text conditions and haemorrhage, ulcer as medical subject matter headings. All directories were looked from inception to July 2012. Furthermore, we carried out a recursive manual search of research lists of most identified content articles, narrative evaluations, and recently released editorials. We also approached specialists for unpublished tests and writers of included main trials to acquire extra data when required. Research selection The eligibility of included tests was evaluated by two reviewers (XZQ and ZH) individually. Disagreement was solved by discussion like the third person (YB). For addition in to the meta-analysis, research had to comply with all the pursuing requirements: 1) trial: randomized managed studies (RCTs); 2) sufferers: haemorrhage or ulcer with apparent explanations; 3) interventions: YNBY versus regular medications for haemorrhage and ulcer or YNBY plus prescription drugs versus the same prescription drugs alone; 4) primary final result: dichotomous or ordinal data evaluating the overall replies to interventions. Analysis articles had been excluded if indeed they fulfilled one the next requirements: 1) trial: precautionary RCTs; 2) sufferers with both haemorrhage and ulcer; 3) medication: YNBY not really from the just legitimate organization (Yunnan Baiyao Group Co., Ltd.); 4) interventions: YNBY plus prescription drugs versus the 3rd prescription drugs; 5) final result: haemorrhage and ulcer improvement without clear explanations; 6) data: imperfect data and additional information cannot be extracted from the original writer; 7) duplicated.
- and A
- Rituximab has a reported 60C80% response rate
- Brodde OE, Leifert FJ, Krehl HJ
- The depicted image is a representation
- For both H1N1 and H3N2, the proportion of the population seropositive to recently circulated strains peaks in school-age children, reaches a minimum between ages 35C65, then rises again in the older ages
- Hello world! on | <urn:uuid:4da2b49a-aadf-49f9-9c28-4448570d4b7a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.bibf1120.com/2018/09/07/yunnan-baiyao-ynby-is-trusted-to-take-care-of-rhexis-haemorrhage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.916126 | 1,101 | 1.5625 | 2 |
It seems like many of you were intrigued to learn how to clean the toilet with Kool Aid (Coca-Cola and Alka-Seltzer also work!). It sounds hare-brained — but it works! While we've all been admonished to keep food in the kitchen and out of the rest of the house, it turns out that stuff we'd normally eat can nourish your home in unexpected ways. Curious? Try these food fixes.
- Bread: The staff of life can find a place on your home's cleaning staff as well. Try cleaning a old painting that you picked up at the flea market. Have kids? Usually kids and wallpaper don't mix but once you know the trick to using bread to clean your wallpaper, you can decorate your home to your heart's content.
- Citrus: A squeeze of lemon can brighten up your food, Mexican beer's unthinkable without a slice of lime, and what's a morning without orange juice? That same pep makes citrus fruits a natural in your home.
- Vanilla Extract: The sweet perfume of vanilla adds a complex layer to even chocolate desserts. It's also great, and certainly unexpected, in savory dishes. Just as unexpected? This unusual use for the extract.
- Salt: You wouldn't think of cooking without a pinch of salt. It works even in sweet things (if you're a chocoholic and haven't tried dark chocolate sprinkled with a little coarse salt, don't wait another minute). It's just as versatile when used around the house.
- Tea: A nice cuppa warms you up on cold day, the iced version cools you down when the weather's sweltering. It's soothing aroma can impart a wonderful smell to your small home, but it also works to clean and deodorize it.
- Ketchup: You wouldn't think of having a hamburger without it. If you've got brass hardware or copper pots, it's just as necessary for keeping them clean. It also works wonders on silver.
- Peanut Butter: As American as apple pie, this pantry staple is also good for removing gum from furniture, clothing and bedding (if your item's too big togo in the freezer). Also good for removing that sticky label residue from pretty jars that you hope to find a second use for (Just rub it on and then wash.) | <urn:uuid:ab63f87b-1c6b-438b-b87e-b6c39517d1eb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.apartmenttherapy.com/5-ways-to-use-food-around-the-138017 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00135-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955375 | 492 | 1.664063 | 2 |
1. Retinoic acid and retinoids are derivatives of vitamin A. They play a major role in many organ development and different tissues metabolic processes. Skin is not the only thing retinoids affect, and therefore retinol and its derivatives should be treated with caution, even if applied only topically. Retinol and its derivatives could interact with the embryo’s nervous system, which is why they are not recommended during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Most well-respected dermatologists recommend to stop using such skincare products already when you’re just starting to plan a family.
2. Retinol is one of the most powerful and well-known cosmetic ingredients and one of the few capable of penetrating through cellular membranes directly into skin cells. Once retinol or its derivatives are inside the cells, they alter the expression of genes involved in cellular proliferation and differentiation, which means they are technically epigenetically active. Retinol is able to prevent both specific collagen-destroying enzyme activation and oxidative stress while also stimulating the regeneration of deep skin structure.
3. Fun fact about retinoid molecules: they can absorb UV light acting as an SPF filter. Unfortunately, they also increase the skin’s sensitivity to UV radiation because they speed up the skin renewal very significantly. The risk of sun-induced dermatitis or pigmentation is very high with the use of retinol-containing products, so dermatologists are tirelessly advising to protect the skin from the sun religiously at all times if you use retinol-based skincare.
4. Retinyl acetate and Retinyl palmitate are considered to be the least effective topical retinoids, as well as Retinyl propionate which doesn’t demonstrate any difference from placebo in clinical trials. The most effective (and the most aggressive) ingredients are retinol itself and retinoic acid. Both of them demonstrate clinical improvement in fine lines and skin elasticity after a few weeks of treatment, but the recommended duration of treatment is only 3 months. Side effects, nevertheless, could be significant: skin dryness, high sensitivity and irritation, photosensitivity and redness can persist for weeks. Another effective form is Retinaldehyde, which is well tolerated and allows comfortable prolonged use on the face and neck area.
5. The duration of retinol (retinaldehyde, retinoic acid) treatment is a subject of debate. First noticeable effects of retinol are achieved in about 4 weeks of use. Sadly, side effects could manifest earlier than that and demotivate patients to prolong the treatment, although this is a rare case. To obtain maximum results dermatologists recommend using retinol-based skincare for 18-20 consecutive weeks. Longer use, however, can diminish the results, so one must be careful. The effect after 44 weeks of use is still significant but less pronounced, and the skin can become hypersensitive, dry, flaky and prone to redness.
Retinol speeds up the process of epidermis renewal, same as AHAs and BHAs, such as glycolic acid, salicylic acid and others. The use of retinol and acids together is strongly advised against as it could be dangerous, the only exception being certain chemical peels — but these should only be applied by aesthetic professionals. | <urn:uuid:6e304823-5595-4cc2-a0f0-387a00ad7bc4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mederbeauty.com/kb/5-facts-about-retinol/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.952521 | 686 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Public holiday in the State of Kedah on 31 Oct 2016 (Monday)
The Secretary of Kedah State Government, the Menteri Besar of Kedah Datuk Seri Ahmad Bashah Md Hanipah, who is also the President of Kedah Football Association has announced that 31 Oct 2016 (Monday) will be observed as a State public holiday in Kedah as a token of appreciation towards the citizens of Kedah for their strong support towards the State’s team, and thus advancing to the final round.
This holiday is declared under Section 9 of the Holidays Act 1951. This means that employers who in their handbook have stated that they observe ALL gazetted public holidays will have to observe 31 October 2016 as one of the recognised holidays.
However, for employers who observe only specific public holidays and not ALL public holidays, they are under no statutory obligation to observe the declared day as a public holiday.
For employers who are not legally obliged to observe 31 October 2016 as a holiday but nevertheless wants to comply with the State’s declaration, they may request employees to work on the said date but provide a substituted holiday as a replacement.
TAKE NOTICE that the said public holiday declared by the State Government of Kedah is not within the ambit of Section 60D(1)(b) of the Employment Act 1955 as it is not declared under Section 8 of the Holidays Act 1951. Therefore, there is no legal requirement to observe the holiday declared by the State Government of Kedah, except in situation as described in paragraph 3 above. Be that as it may, in the spirit of sportsmanship and “Majulah Sukan untuk Negara”, all employers in the State of Kedah are advised to observe this holiday.
Should you require further clarification, please leave a comment below. | <urn:uuid:5a59a5b8-6a2f-498d-bea5-65522b0538d9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://hrdftrainings.my/2016/10/31/public-holiday-in-the-state-of-kedah-on-31-oct-2016-monday/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.962829 | 384 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Lockheed Martin‘s Skunk Works arm has showcased an unmanned aerial system configured to accommodate long endurance flights.
The defense company said Monday Stalker VXE UAS exhibited a flight time of 39 hours, 17 minutes and 7 seconds on Feb. 18, making a new world record for aircraft weighing between 5 and 25 kg.
The demonstration at California-based Santa Margarita Ranch provided data to help Lockheed scale the aircraft’s capabilities in anticipation of future requirements.
The UAS offers a vertical take-off and landing capability, an open-systems architecture and other features that address a wide range of mission needs.
Edge Autonomy produced equipment for Stalker VXE while Composite Technology Development built a lightweight external wing tank for the aircraft. Adaptive Energy provided a fuel cell technology for the demonstration, with Precision Integrated Programs performing operational support for the flight.
Lockheed also partnered with Clovis Area Modelers to monitor and examine the world record flight. | <urn:uuid:667e6535-2de1-4796-b05f-dd713869b777> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.executivebiz.com/2022/04/lockheed-demos-stalker-vxe-aircrafts-record-setting-endurance-flight/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00079.warc.gz | en | 0.904598 | 200 | 1.835938 | 2 |
A Comforting Thought for the Three Weeks
The three-week period between the 17th day of Tammuz when the Roman invaders breached the walls of Jerusalem and the 9th of Av when these enemies destroyed our Beit Hamikdash is a period of mourning for the Jewish nation.
As we reflect on the exile that our people suffered as a result of the tragedies that took place during this period, we reflect on a comforting thought provided by the Ramban in his commentary on the Torah. In the warning given to the Jewish nation that their betrayal of G-d will be punished by exile the Torah declares that our enemies will be taken aback by the desolation they see in the land they conquered.
This is a comforting promise, writes the Ramban, that our holy land will never welcome our enemies. It will prosper only when the people to whom it was granted populate it | <urn:uuid:b01d241f-e50f-4835-beaa-3a2792bca728> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ohr.edu/this_week/people_of_the_land/1128 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00073-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951845 | 178 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2021 Jan 4. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.202008-1080OC. Online ahead of print.
RATIONALE: Treatment with non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in COVID-19 is frequent. Shortage of Intensive care unit (ICU) beds led clinicians to deliver NIV also outside intensive care units (ICUs). Data about the use of NIV in COVID-19 is limited.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 treated with NIV outside the ICUs. To investigate the factors associated with NIV failure (need for intubation or death).
METHODS: In this prospective single day observational study, we enrolled adult COVID-19 patients, treated with NIV outside the ICU from thirty-one hospitals in Lombardy, Italy.
RESULTS: We collected data on demographic, clinical characteristics, ventilatory management and patients' outcome. Of 8753 COVID-19 patients present in the hospitals on the study day, 909 (10%) were receiving NIV outside the ICU. 778/909 (85%) patients were treated with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP), delivered by helmet in 617 (68%). NIV failed in 300 patients (37.6%), while 498 (62.4%) were discharged alive without intubation. Overall mortality was 25%. NIV failure occurred in 152/284 (53%) patients with a PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 150 mmHg. Higher C-reactive protein, lower PaO2/FiO2, and platelet counts were independently associated with increased risk of NIV failure.
CONCLUSIONS: The use of NIV outside the ICUs, in COVID-19 was common, with a predominant use of helmet CPAP, with a rate of success greater than 60% and close to 75% in full treatment patients. C-reactive protein, PaO2/FiO2, platelet counts were independently associated with increased risk of NIV failure. Clinical trial registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04382235). | <urn:uuid:75e98c0a-8676-4f2e-a310-a1c7ff3a8735> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://journalclub.wustl.edu/2021/01/04/noninvasive-ventilatory-support-of-covid-19-patients-outside-the-intensive-care-units-ward-covid/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.935254 | 455 | 1.945313 | 2 |
On The Front Lines
In a Devastating Blow to First Amendment, U.S. Supreme Court Upholds ‘Repugnant’ 60-Year-Old Ban on Expressive Activity on Supreme Court Plaza
Click here to read the court's regulation "to protect the Supreme Court building and grounds, and persons and property thereon, and to maintain suitable order and decorum within the Supreme Court building and grounds."
WASHINGTON, DC — In a devastating blow to the First Amendment, the U.S. Supreme Court has upheld a 60-year-old ban on expressive activity on the Supreme Court plaza. The Court’s ruling comes in response to an appeal filed by The Rutherford Institute in Hodge v. Talkin, which challenged a federal statute criminalizing expressive First Amendment activity on the Supreme Court plaza. The case arose after activist Harold Hodge was arrested while standing silently in front of the U.S. Supreme Court on a snowy day wearing a sign voicing his concerns about the government’s disparate treatment of African-Americans and Hispanics.
In calling on the Court to hear the case, Rutherford Institute attorneys had urged the justices to reconcile the inconsistencies inherent in the First Amendment ban on what is essentially their front porch and reinforce their historic commitment to free speech activities in public places. For example, in 1972, the Supreme Court struck down limits on similar protests on the Capitol grounds, located across the street from the Court’s plaza. Still pending is a second challenge brought by Rutherford Institute attorneys to the Court’s ban on expressive activity.
Affiliate attorney Jeffrey Light assisted The Rutherford Institute in defending Hodge.
“Shame on the Court for making a mockery of the First Amendment and engaging in a hypocritical double standard that does a grave disservice to its historic stance on free speech,” said constitutional attorney John W. Whitehead, president of The Rutherford Institute and author of Battlefield America: The War on the American People. “By failing to right this wrong and refusing to hold itself accountable to the First Amendment, this Supreme Court has once and for all invalidated its role as the guardian of the people’s rights.”
On January 28, 2011, Harold Hodge quietly and peacefully stood in the plaza area near the steps leading to the United States Supreme Court Building, wearing a 3’ X 2’ sign around his neck that proclaimed: “The U.S. Gov. Allows Police To Illegally Murder And Brutalize African Americans And Hispanic People.” The plaza is a place where the public is allowed to gather and converse, and is in all relevant respects like a public square or park where citizens have traditionally met to express their views on matters of public interest. However, Hodge was handcuffed, placed under arrest, and then transported to U.S. Capitol Police Headquarters for violating 40 U.S.C. § 6135, which broadly makes it unlawful to display any flag, banner, or device designed to bring into public notice a party, organization, or movement while on the grounds of the U.S. Supreme Court, thereby banning expressive activity on the Supreme Court plaza.
Rutherford Institute attorneys subsequently filed a lawsuit challenging § 6135, and in June 2013 a district court judge struck down the law finding the ban to be “repugnant” to the Constitution, “unreasonable, substantially overbroad, and irreconcilable with the First Amendment,” not to mention “plainly unconstitutional on its face.” In response, the government not only appealed that ruling, but the marshal for the Supreme Court—with the approval of Chief Justice John Roberts—issued even more strident regulations outlawing expressive activity on the grounds of the high court, including the plaza. Rutherford Institute attorneys have since filed a related lawsuit challenging the Supreme Court’s more strident regulations.
04-19-2016: Rutherford Institute Pushes Back Against Government Efforts to Muzzle Free Speech & Establish a 'Cordon of Silence' in Front of U.S. Supreme Court
01-06-2016: Free Speech Double Standard: Rutherford Institute Asks U.S. Supreme Court to Declare Unconstitutional Its Own Ban on Expressive Activity on Plaza
11-05-2015: Federal Appeals Court Refuses to Reconsider Decision Upholding 60-Year-Old Ban on Expressive Activity on U.S. Supreme Court Plaza
10-19-2015: Rutherford Institute Asks Appeals Court to Reconsider Its Decision to Uphold 60-Year-Old Ban on Expressive Activity on U.S. Supreme Court Plaza
08-28-2015: First Amendment Setback: Federal Appeals Court Upholds 60-Year-old Ban on Expressive Activity on U.S. Supreme Court Plaza as 'Reasonable'
09-23-2014: Rutherford Institute Attorneys Present Oral Arguments in Hodge Case, Challenging Ban on Expressive Activity on U.S. Supreme Court Plaza
01-21-2014: Rutherford Institute Asks Appeals Court to Affirm Ruling that Ban on Expressive Activity on Supreme Court Plaza Is Unconstitutional
06-14-2013: In an Attempt to Override a Federal Court Ruling Permitting Expressive Activities on Plaza, Supreme Court Outlaws Expressive Activities
06-12-2013: Victory: Declaring Ban 'Repugnant' to Constitution, Federal Court Affirms First Amdt. Rights of Protester Arrested in Front of U.S. Supreme Court
04-26-2013: Oral Argument: Rutherford Institute Calls on Court to Protect First Amendment Rights of Man Arrested for Anti-Police Sign in Front of Supreme Court
Has the First Amendment Become an Exercise in Futility? | <urn:uuid:ce465f1e-3203-40b3-9d24-ca8b6ef7f0f7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rutherford.org/publications_resources/on_the_front_lines/in_a_devastating_blow_to_first_amendment_u.s._supreme_court_upholds_repugna | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.917553 | 1,192 | 2.3125 | 2 |
The success of your business depends upon a lot of different factors. But there are some factors that determine the success of your business. Let’s have a look at it.
In any industry that you pick, you can see that there is intense communication. There are some businesses that become successful while some of the other fails miserably. There are some that lose momentum on the way while others just simply fail to take off. You need to have a strong foundation for a business in order to build higher and higher. There are a lot of facts and elements that determine the success of your business. But there are certain steps that must be followed or else you will never be able to successful.
First of all you need to do a lot of homework on the market, the industry, consumers, price, and other necessary factors. If you do not do necessary homework you will not be able to start properly. If you start a business you want it to take off and do well so that you may earn profits through your business. From the first step you need to fire in the right direction in order to hit the bulls eye. So for starters what should you do for starting a business that will flourish and will earn profits? Let’s have a look at some of the steps in order to be successful.
A Company without a goal is like a Ship without a Helmsman
For any business it is important that they have a goal and vision. If a business is not written goals and visions then you will not have a finish point and so it will be like running a race without having a finish line. If you have a goal it will easier for you to plan and strategise your efforts in the right direction. Without a goal and vision, no matter what you do you will never be successful. If you do not have a destination then you will never be able to achieve anything. So before you start writing down your definite goals and visions that you have for your business.
A business without a goal and vision it is like a ship let loose without a helmsman. So if you want to structure a strong foundation then this is where you start, goal and vision.
Once you have a goal and the vision then you need to plan to reach the goal. How will you reach your goal? So start planning strategically how you will get to your goal. Set long goals as well as short term goals. Before you go into operations, you got to have a strategic plan in place on how to move forward. Here again you need to know how to plan or else you’re planning will do more harm than good to your business. Always be dynamic in your planning and plan for every step so that everything runs smoothly and effectively. Plan according to the changing times so that you will be able to cope with the situations in the market. Without proper planning your business will derail and fail.
Managing in the Best Way
Proper and effective management is important for the success of any business. Effective management allows the whole business like a well-oiled machine. Management should be effective when it comes to customers, employees because you need to keep them both happy so that your business will gain success. Proper management will ensure the success of the business. It is a pillar for any business and if you don’t manage your business well then it will fall apart. When you have a great management team then it will determine the success of your business. If you pick any successful company then you will see that one of the reasons for their success is proper management at all levels. Everything going on in the company should be known by the management team.
All of these are the foundations for running a successful business. If you take one out of the equation then the business will fall apart. Every business needs these factors to be successful and be able to earn profits. So if you are starting with your business then you need to get these basic steps right so that your business can flourish and reach greater heights. So get the basics right and you will be ready to be successful. | <urn:uuid:130f2de6-56b0-4bfd-9f8e-2fccf00e0ace> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fastandsocial.com/digital-marketing-west-london/steps-to-a-successful-business/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.959199 | 829 | 2.015625 | 2 |
I have waited two years to tell you this story. In January 2020, I went on a guided walking tour of Vienna with an Austrian friend. It was memorable because it was bitterly cold, and we wondered if we would last the two and a half hours. Forty of us were huddled together at the meeting point stamping our feet and rubbing our hands as snow threatened.
We should not have worried as our guide, Wolfgang Rigon, from Good Vienna Tours was a master storyteller, who kept us all captivated as he showed us the sights.
We stopped at least a dozen times as he told us a story, bringing alive the glorious and not so glorious history of the city. I recorded a couple of those stories on my phone. Have a watch of a powerful storyteller in action.
He must have told this first story about Marie Theresa, who gave birth to 16 children, hundreds of times. For us, the audience, his passionate delivery made us feel as if he was telling it for the first time. See how he connects with the audience by making it relevant to the modern-day experience.
He also knew how to make us laugh.
And he expertly used the rhetorical devices of the rule of three – repetition, hyperbole and metaphor – comparing the bed to a tennis court!
He also managed to hold our attention with longer stories. Here he told the tragic story of Sisi, who married Emperor Franz Joseph 1 at sixteen and became Empress Elisabeth of Austria and Queen of Hungary.
Note the transition at the beginning from the previous story about a beautiful horse to beautiful Sisi.
He tells the story using a structure that would be familiar to viewers of Pixar movies – the makers of the Toy Story series. First you give some context, building up the character of the protagonist by describing their world. Then one day something happens to disturb that world and the protagonist faces a challenge. In the case of Sisi, she gives birth to a child who falls sick and dies. As a result of her death, Sisi loses her mind and goes on the run across Europe. Until finally, she gives birth to a boy who is later killed and she is shot by an assassin in Geneva. Wolfgang then wraps up the story in one sentence saying from her youth to death she led a life of tragedy and that is why it became a Hollywood movie.
During our break for Viennese coffee and strudel, I asked him whether storytelling had been part of his three-year course to become a guide. He said unfortunately not. They had only been taught historical facts. But he had learnt over the years how to hold an audience’s attention come rain or shine. Or in our case, come snow in deep mid-winter! | <urn:uuid:2a148a4c-4be5-4744-8887-6bea9ec4e6e6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.doolecommunications.com/wolfgang-the-master-storyteller/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.977929 | 564 | 1.992188 | 2 |
On this page ...
The "Back to previous page"
is that you can do basically anything.
For example on this webpage you might
have noticed the "Back" button which brings you back to
the previously loaded webpage.
Actually, most webbrowsers already
have this button, but you can make your own "link" for
this purpose as well.
Just to show you an example:
go back to previous page</A>
Which will do just this:
here to go back to previous page
Note: Incase your browser | <urn:uuid:a41809c6-0961-4a71-8f2e-010cacca792b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.weethet.nl/english/html_pagebacklink.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00030-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.792274 | 117 | 1.703125 | 2 |
For most animals, the scent of rotting meat is powerfully repulsive. But for others, such as carrion-feeding vultures and insects, it's a scent that can be just as powerfully attractive.
The question of why some animals are repelled and others attracted to a particular scent, scientists say, gets at one of the most basic and poorly understood mysteries in neuroscience: How does the brain encode likes and dislikes?
Harvard scientists say they're closer to unraveling that question with the discovery of the first receptors in any species evolved to detect cadaverine and, two of the chemical byproducts responsible for the distinctive—and to most creatures repulsive—smell of rotting flesh. The study is described in a paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
"This is the first time we've identified a receptor for these chemicals," said Associate Professor of Cell Biology Stephen Liberles, a senior author of the paper. "The larger question we're interested in is: What does it mean that something is an aversive or attractive odor? How are likes and dislikes encoded in the brain? Understanding the receptors that respond to those cues could give us a powerful inroad to understanding that."
Though researchers have long understood that olfaction involves receptors, which detect odors and in turn activate brain neurons, Liberles, together with Nobel laureate Linda Buck, recently discovered a second family of receptors, dubbed trace amine-associated receptors, or TAARs.
Though fewer in number than other odorant receptors—mice, for example, have 15, versus more than 1,000 odorant receptors, while humans have 350 receptors and just six TAARs—Liberles said the functions of the TAARs remained largely unknown.
"We knew they were olfactory receptors, but we didn't know what ligands might activate them," Liberles said of the TAARs. "We know in the taste system there are different families of receptors for bitter and sweet, so we thought the TAARs might be doing something specific in olfaction."
To understand how the TAARs function, researchers sought to identify scents that would activate them, hoping they might offer clues into why a second olfactory system evolved. In recent years, scientists working in Liberles' lab identified odors that activated six TAARs in mice and seven in rats, nearly all of which were highly aversive.
To check TAARs in fish, Liberles' team worked with colleagues in Germany to implant olfactory receptors in cell cultures and test them against hundreds of possible odorants, hoping to identify which ones activated the receptor.
What the researchers discovered, Liberles said, was that one particular receptor appeared to act as a sensor for diamines—a class of chemicals that include cadaverine and putrescine—nearly all of which are notoriously foul-smelling. Later tests using live zebrafish showed that when researchers marked part of a fish tank with the scent of rotting fish, the fish were highly likely to avoid the area.
"What's also interesting is that this odor—like the predator odor we identified in mice—was aversive the very first time the animal encountered it," Liberles said. "That suggests the aversion is innate—it's not learned—and that it involves genetic circuits that are genetically predetermined, that exist, dormant, in the animal waiting for it to encounter the odor.
"You might like the smell of baking cookies, but it's only because you've learned to associate it with their taste, or the sugar rush you get from eating them," he continued. "But this aversion is there from birth. That suggests there is some developmental mechanism underlying these circuits. The question is, what is that?"
Though researchers have thus far only shown that the TAARs are activated by amines, Liberles said it's unlikely that is their only role in olfaction.
"We've been hunting for a unified theme for what the TAARs might be doing," he said. "One model is that they're amine receptors, and another is that they're all encoding for aversion. I don't think either is quite correct. I think they may have started as amine receptors, but they have since evolved to do other things."
Understanding how odorants like cadaverine and putrescine work in the olfactory system could also shed light on why some scents—such as rotting meat—repel some creatures, but attract others.
"Species-specific behavioral responses suggest that somehow the neural circuits are changing from species to species," Liberles said. "For instance, tests in our lab have shown that trimethylamine is attractive to mice, but highly aversive to rats. Something similar might be happening with cadaverine.
"How does that happen? It's not known," he continued. "We don't understand, as a field, how aversive and attractive odors are differentially processed … but identifying the receptor gives us a handle on the neural circuits that are involved. Now that we have the receptor, we can ask basic questions about aversion and attraction circuitry in general. From there, we can begin to understand how attractive and aversive stimuli are differentially encoded, and cadaverine is about as aversive as you can get."
Explore further: Mice have distinct subsystem to handle smell associated with fear
Ashiq Hussain, Luis R. Saraiva, David M. Ferrero, Gaurav Ahuja, Venkatesh S. Krishna, Stephen D. Liberles, and Sigrun I. Korsching. "High-affinity olfactory receptor for the death-associated odor cadaverine." PNAS 2013 110 (48) 19579-19584; published ahead of print November 11, 2013, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1318596110 | <urn:uuid:601fda80-a1fa-48f3-ba7a-53351001e45d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://medicalxpress.com/news/2014-01-sniffing-encoded-brain.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00303-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963368 | 1,221 | 3.5 | 4 |
by Brishen Rogers, Associate Professor of Law, Temple University Beasley School of Law
*This post is part of ACSblog’s Symposium on Labor and Economic Inequality.
America’s inequalities are outrageous – and are suddenly all the rage. Thomas Piketty’s Capital in the Twenty-First Century and various social movements have given us a new language to dissect it: the “99 percent,” “r > g,” the “Fight for $15,” and “Uberization.” Policy professionals are taking note, with the Washington Center for Equitable Growth and various foundations funding research into its causes and consequences. Even Silicon Valley is talking seriously about a universal basic income.
This is all to the good. And yet the debate is tepid in an important respect: It largely disregards the relationship between inequality and democratic participation. Granted, many criticize our campaign finance laws for tilting the playing field toward the rich. But the economic policy debate largely revolves around forms of tax-and-transfer. Picketty, for example, ultimately proposes little more than a global wealth tax. A universal basic income, for all its virtues, takes the same form.
But aggressive campaign finance reform and a far more progressive tax code – even if politically possible – cannot ensure equality. The reason is simple: To succeed, egalitarian policies must be intertwined with more democratic economic and social structures. The good news, as discussed below, is that the rise of information technology is creating new opportunities to build a more inclusive democracy. | <urn:uuid:bb7f33fc-ed35-4051-92e0-7fd1b3afc108> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.acslaw.org/acsblog/all/labor-law?page=2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00152-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.930522 | 322 | 2.265625 | 2 |
One Bryant Park, the Bank of America tower rising on the corner of Sixth Avenue and 42nd Street, was celebrated awhile back in this space for its future-edge waterless urinals. Now, Popular Science takes the glory of waterless urination to the next level, naming the tower its top tech innovation of 2005 in the engineering category (take that, iPod Nano). Sez the magazine:
Set to rise 54 stories above Manhattan, the crystalline Bank of America Tower at One Bryant Park will incorporate an unrivaled number of environmentally friendly technologies, from its windows to its toilets... The building will even have waterless urinals and use water collected from the roof to flush toilets. Together, these systems are designed to earn the building a Platinum rating—the highest possible—from the U.S. Green Building Council when construction is completed in 2008.Adds blogger Andrew Krucoff, "Do you see Little 4 Times Square, home of Conde Nast, in the background at the bottom of the picture? Here's pissing on you, Si."
· One Bryant Park: Coronation for Urination Innovation [Young Manhattanite]
· One Bryant Park: Waterless Urinal Mecca [Curbed] | <urn:uuid:bd3d3efb-fc98-4f85-b0e8-8880d6800796> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ny.curbed.com/2005/11/11/10611150/one-bryant-parks-waterless-urinal-mecca-good-as-gold | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.901033 | 248 | 1.914063 | 2 |
vutex – View TeX output on an ASCII-only terminal
The program (written in Pascal Web) is based on DVIgen, and uses the 95 printable ASCII characters and the row and column layout to approach a mimic of the typeset output of TeX on an appropriate printer.
|License||License that prevents distribution|
DVI output to plain text
Maybe you are interested in the following packages as well.
- dvitty: A plain-text output DVI driver
- dviljk: DVI to Laserjet output
- mdvi: A DVI previewer
- dvgt: Previewer for use on graphic and character-cell terminals | <urn:uuid:e82854a5-a526-4722-9510-d5213fb93c04> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ctan.org/pkg/vutex | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00394-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.733364 | 143 | 1.742188 | 2 |
NASHVILLE - Access will be blocked to all mail collection boxes along the route of the St. Jude Country Music Marathon this weekend out of an abundance of caution, the U.S. Postal Service announced Wednesday.
The move is a security measure after two bombs exploded at the finish line at last week's Boston Marathon, killing three people and injuring more than 260 others.
"There is no increased threat level whatsoever," Susan Wright, a spokeswoman for the postal service, said. "It is strictly a precautionary measure." Wright said police had asked the postal service to block access to the mail collection boxes along the route of Saturday's marathon and half marathon, which draw roughly 30,000 runners to Nashville.
Wright said the collection boxes would be locked Friday and Saturday so customers could not open them, but there would be signs directing people to the nearest mail drop-off.
Hundreds of law enforcement and security personnel are expected to be present along the route, and police say they have planned for every contingency. The FBI has said there are no known security threats, but law enforcement will be vigilant after the bombings last week.
Police and federal and state prosecutors warn that any threats or hoaxes on social media are a potential violation of the law and pranksters could be charged. | <urn:uuid:726396f8-4539-4a48-8f19-fe27c5cc0561> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/local/story/2013/apr/24/mail-collection-boxes-be-blocked-marathon/106286/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00402-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961016 | 259 | 1.578125 | 2 |
At least 25,000 US government workers had their personal data compromised in the cyber attack that hit one of Homeland Security Department’s key federal contractor’s database in early August.
According to Reuters, the US Investigations Services, a company that does background checks for the Department of Homeland Security, was hit by a data breach in the first week of August which exposed personal information of the employees at the Department of Homeland Security’s headquarters as well as its US Immigration and Customs Enforcement and US Customs and Border Protection units.
The company acknowledged the attack as having “all the markings” of a state-sponsored hacking, however refrained to say as where the cyber attack actually originated, how many records had been compromised in total or which agencies were affected. The compromised data includes employees’ Social Security numbers, education and criminal history, birth dates, information about spouses, friends and other relatives including their names and addresses.
Although it’s unclear as for what purpose hackers could use the information for, Dmitry Alperovitch of the cybersecurity firm CrowdStrike said the data could be used by foreign intelligence departments to intimidate or blackmail government employees.
The Department of Homeland Security has halted all work with USIS since the breach was disclosed as a multi-agency investigation has been launched by the government to identify the scope of the attack. The FBI has also initiated an investigation. There are also chances that the number of employees “impacted” by the computer breach could increase. | <urn:uuid:3bd8fc42-4252-4d96-b518-766991845dca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://techienews.co.uk/cyber-attack-exposed-personal-data-least-25000-us-government-workers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.973844 | 303 | 1.898438 | 2 |
Stockholm is called the “Venice of the North” by some, but we think Stockholm is unlike any other city in Europe. The city is made up of 14 islands connected by 30 bridges on Lake Mälaren, which flows past an archipelago of 24,000 islands on its way out to the Baltic Sea. Thirty percent of the city is waterways and another thirty percent is dedicated to green space, so this city sparkles with freshness. Gay life in Stockholm is like the city itself: easily accessible, hugely fun, easy on the eyes, highly varied, warm and welcoming. Stockholm can be gay, gay-friendly, or simply friendly. | <urn:uuid:3bab20f5-62bb-480d-bea7-8f2201477280> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.gayout.com/stokholm-gay-events-venues | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988725475.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183845-00509-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949216 | 136 | 1.578125 | 2 |
How did the politics of small government lead to big government bailouts?
Ronald Reagan popularized the idea of small government, which ended up being great for the top one percent of America, but has recently been shown to have some problems. This idea has influenced American politics for almost 30 years, and helped create the ineffective regulatory agencies which allowed all kinds of questionable practices to thrive in American business, especially in the world of finance. By helping create a record debt bubble, which thrived in an era of weak regulatory oversight, small government nearly ruined the global economy last fall.
However, the destructive power of small government ideology has gone unnoticed by some political leaders. To pick one, House minority leader John Boehner (R-OH) made a speech this March, in which he said that since families were suffering, "it's time for government to tighten their belts and show the American people that we 'get' it.'" As I wrote, small government is good for Boehner -- except when it comes to using taxpayer money to take five other lawmakers around the world this month on a corporate jet. That's when big government is good, for Boehner anyway.
Ironically, it is another Republican, Ben Bernanke, who decided that in the midst of a catastrophic economic collapse -- which he was way too late to acknowledge (remember "sub-prime is contained"?) -- that the prescription for the problem was the biggest government in American history. That's right folks -- we have Bernanke to thank for putting $23.7 trillion in taxpayer money at risk to rescue the financial collapse engendered by small government.
Bernanke decided that he was more loyal to his research on the Great Depression than he was to Republican political orthodoxy. And the result of all that government intervention is that most economic indicators suggest that the economy is getting worse far more slowly than it was last fall. Unless there is a double-dip-disaster -- sort of like a more virulent strain of this Spring's pig flu emerging in the fall -- there is a good chance that historians will look back on Bernanke as the man who saved the world.
How do we keep this from happening again? The most important way is to change how bankers get paid. The bubble blew up because bankers got paid their multi-million bonuses for borrowing the most money and using it make big bets. And by guaranteeing those bonuses -- whether their bets were profitable or not -- our society encouraged this unfettered risk taking.
Now that we have government debt that is nearly twice the size of the economy, we may have stopped a disaster. But all that debt is the very thing that got us into trouble in the first place. As I have posted, we need to change banker's pay so that they only get rewarded if their risks are profitable and punished if they lose money -- by using those bonuses to repay the people whose money they lost. Unfortunately, the U.S. appears to lack the political will to end guaranteed bonuses.
Furthermore, government needs far more real-time information about how business and finance is operating. This means putting an end to executives and money managers writing their own report cards and stopping the practice of banks paying ratings agencies to put the goldest wrapping paper on their boxes of financial toxic waste. As I've posted, The latter changes require setting up an independent government agency to create financial statements for companies and money managers.
All these changes will make the government a bigger part of business. But it will also unleash the forces of a real free market for innovation. Those who can invent money-making ideas that benefit society will earn enormous rewards. And those scammers who were responsible for shoving the world's economy to the brink will find something else to do.
Meanwhile, to paraphrase Bill Clinton, the era of small government is over.
Peter Cohan is president ofPeter S. Cohan & Associates. He also teaches management at Babson College. His eighth book isYou Can't Order Change: Lessons from Jim McNerney's Turnaround at Boeing. Follow petercohan on Twitter. | <urn:uuid:bf1db535-1467-45b0-8eae-34e4fb9c3b77> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.aol.com/article/2009/08/10/how-did-the-politics-of-small-government-lead-to-big-government/19124264/?gen=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00438-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965874 | 825 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Please boost your Plan to download papers
Retail Industry in the UK for the Last Quarter of 2011
Pages 10 (2510 words)
Retail industry in the UK for the last quarter of 2011 (October – December) Table of Contents 1. Background 1 2. Overview of the retail sector 2.1 Top retailers - UK 1 2.2 Causes of decline in consumer shopping 1 2.3 Competitor analysis 2 3. Retail sector in the last quarter 3 4…
The UK retail sector contributes 8% towards the country’s GDP which includes the UK retailers going overseas and expansion of e-commerce beyond the borders of the United Kingdom (Farfan, 2011). However, retailers in the UK face a huge challenge as they struggle to cope with the sudden deterioration in consumer demand and willingness to purchase. This report presents an in-depth analysis of the key factors that influence the development of the retail sector while evaluating which sectors offer the most potential. 2. Overview of the retail sector 2.1 Top retailers - UK The top four retailers in the UK include Tesco, Asda, Morrisons and Sainsbury and together they account for about 80% of the retail food sales in the UK (Farfan, 2011). Even though recession impacted the individual retail chains, there were not many substantial changes in the largest retail UK chains. The largest retail chains held their ranking order because there were no changes observed. Two major changes that occurred in 2011 in the UK retailing industry were that the apparel retailer Arcadia group and department store Debenhams lost their spots in the World’s largest retailing list completely. ...
Not exactly what you need? | <urn:uuid:69629bc3-0a83-4fc1-a200-ab79b3e90389> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://studentshare.net/marketing/56100-the-retail-industry-in-the-uk-for-the-last-quarter | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00061-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.926385 | 337 | 1.789063 | 2 |
On learning that the NSA secretly collects data on the phone calls of millions of people suspected of no crime, many observers thought back to the Church Committee investigation and the decades of surveillance-state abuses that it chronicled. Was history repeating itself? The Obama Administration rejected the suggestion. In their telling, adequate checks and balances are in place to protect civil liberties.
Prominent experts on the history of U.S. surveillance abuses have now expressed their vehement disagreement. In recently filed federal-court documents, they argue that ongoing, bulk collection of phone data carried out under Section 215 of the Patriot Act is alarmingly similar to bygone, discredited surveillance programs.
Few Americans are in a better position to render that judgment.
One of the experts, journalist James Bamford, may know the NSA better than any outsider. In 1982, he published The Puzzle Palace, the first book ever written about the secretive agency. He has since published three more books on the NSA, and is widely regarded as a leading authority, in part because he's occasionally enjoyed unprecedented access to agency facilities and high-ranking personnel. Another expert, University of Georgia Professor of Political Science Loch Johnson, served as special assistant to the chair of the Church Committee and as staff director of the House Subcommittee on Intelligence Oversight. And the final expert, Peter Fenn, was chief of staff to Senator Frank Church and on the Senate Intelligence Committee staff.
The trio joined in an amicus brief in First Unitarian Church of Los Angeles vs. National Security Agency, a case in which 22 organizations are challenging as unconstitutional the Section 215 dragnet collection of Verizon customer phone data.
"As amici know from their extensive research and from personal experience, recent surveillance activities, and the executive's justifications for them, share core features with surveillance programs that operated from the 1930s into the 1970s," they write. "These features include: expansion of surveillance programs beyond their original purpose; a tendency to collect as much information as possible, with the result that surveillance expands as technology advances; and a preoccupation with secrecy that thwarts an effective evaluation of these programs' effectiveness or legality." They add that "these features are present even when executive officials act in good faith; they are inherent to secret surveillance programs and can therefore only be addressed through effective oversight."
What follows are specific, compelling parallels between the growth and evolution of surveillance in eras that everyone concedes to be abusive and the present day. One vital point the authors make: If history is any guide, problematic instances of surveillance "do not result from the isolated decisions of ill-intentioned officials." In other words, even trusting that today's officials are operating in good faith doesn't relieve us of the burden to impose proper checks on their power.
Another insight, gleaned from the Church Committee itself, is that "the technological capability of Government relentlessly increases," that "the potential for abuse is awesome," and that prudence therefore demands "restraints which not only cure past problems but anticipate and prevent the future misuse of technology." Instead, our Congress has enabled the NSA's exploitation of new technology by funding lavish data centers with the capacity to sweep up and indefinitely store staggering amounts of global communications.
That these experts on documented NSA abuses are alarmed by present day parallels is a powerful counter to Team Obama's assurances that everything is okay. Those interested in exploring the particular parallels they cite can read their whole brief: | <urn:uuid:973ae989-4bbc-4203-b187-6eff3254c269> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/11/experts-on-the-nsas-history-of-abuses-there-they-go-again/281703/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00491-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952258 | 687 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Falsified medicines have serious health, social and economic implications which severely obstruct the road to universal health coverage and people’s access to safe and high-quality medicines.
WHO was born on 7 April 1948 with a clear and ambitious vision: a world in which all people enjoy the highest attainable standard of health.
Although we have made enormous progress in recent years against some of the world’s leading causes of death and disease, we still have a lot of work to do to realize that vision.
Today, half the world’s population cannot access essential health services.
Though you wouldn’t know it from watching the news, AIDS, TB, and malaria remain global emergencies. In 2017, nearly one million people died from AIDS-related illnesses, another 10 million people fell ill with TB, and after 10 years of steady declines, malaria cases are now back on the rise.
These statistics are so infuriating because we have the opportunity to eliminate these diseases. That’s why as we mark World Health Day, April 7, we must recommit to fighting preventable disease around the globe.
THE DIPLOMATS WHO met to form the United Nations in 1945 also discussed the need for a global health group; that led to the creation of the World Health Organization. Its constitution went into effect on April 7, 1948, and World Health Day is celebrated annually on April 7.
This year for World Health Day, Contagion® is reflecting on the scientific advancements in treatment and prevention that have been made in the areas of infectious disease, while also looking at the infectious disease landscape to identify areas that require further improvement to reduce preventable deaths globally.
Not without its challenges, technological innovations have made leaps in healthcare in the past few years.
From brain-boosting nutrition and CBD to digital detoxes, the world of wellness is showing no signs of slowing when it comes to new innovations, making 2019 the year of #selfcare – a hashtag that’s clocked up more than 13m posts on Instagram.
World Health Day is celebrated every April 7th – it’s a day to promote global health awareness. World Health Day is held on this day to mark the founding of the World Health Organization (WHO), and is seen as an opportunity to draw worldwide attention to a different aspect of major importance to global health each year. The first was celebrated in 1948 – 70 years ago – when the WHO held its first ever world health assembly.
Every April 7, WHO selects a theme with topics ranging from depression to climate change to malaria. Not only does World Health Day inspires us all to learn more about global health, but it plays an important role in setting the world health agenda for years to come.
Universal health coverage is WHO’s number one goal. Key to achieving it is ensuring that everyone can obtain the care they need, when they need it, right in the heart of the community.
Progress is being made in countries in all regions of the world.
But millions of people still have no access at all to health care. Millions more are forced to choose between health care and other daily expenses such as food, clothing and even a home. | <urn:uuid:a7f0f126-d618-44c3-95b5-9fd761388dab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://healthworldnet.com/link-directory/stay-healthy/global-health/world-health-day.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.96184 | 653 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Most popular quantity.
What is this medicine?
PIRACETAM is indicated for patients suffering from myoclonus of cortical origin, irrespective of aetiology, and should be used in combination with other anti-myoclonic therapies. It is a type of anti emetics. Piracetam is a nootropic agent i.e. a psychotropic drug which improves directly the efficiency of the higher epencephalic functions of the brain involved in cognitive processes such as those related to learning, memory, thought and consciousness, both in normal and deficient situations, without being sedative of psycho stimulant. Piracetam exerts those various activities by different ways of action: it modulates brain neurotransmission, promotes metabolic conditions for neuronal plasticity & improves microcirculation through antispasmodic & haemorrheological properties, without being a vasodilator. It is a cyclic derivative of GABA. It is one of the racetams.
What should I tell my health care provider before I take this medicine?
They need to know if you have any of these conditions:
- cerebral vascular accident
- cerebral insufficiency
- ischemic or even hemorrhagic acute accidents
- severe renal impairment
- hepatic impairment
- behavior and psychotic problems in old age
- Mental retardation in children
How should I use this medicine?
Adults: 800 mg three times a day. Children: 50 mg/kg bodywt in 3 separate doses. Once the desired result has been obtained, reduce the initial dose by half. Due to the effect of piracetam on platelet aggregation, caution is recommended in patients with underlying disorders of haemostasis, major surgery or severe haemorrhage. Abrupt discontinuation of treatment should be avoided as this may induce myoclonic or generalised seizures in some myoclonic patients. As piracetam is almost exclusively excreted by the kidneys caution should be exercised in treating patients with known renal impairment. In renally impaired and elderly patients an increase in terminal half-life is directly related to renal function as measured by creatinine clearance. The daily dose must be individualized according to renal function. Adults: 800 mg three times a day. Children: 50 mg/kg bodywt in 3 separate doses. Once the desired result has been obtained, reduce the initial dose by half. Overdosage: No specific measure is indicated. Close attention should be given to keeping the patient well hydrated and monitoring the urine flow. The patient's general condition should be closely monitored.
What if I miss a dose?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you can. If it is almost time for your next dose, take only that dose. Do not take double or extra doses.
What may interact with this medicine?
Any incompatibility has not been observed yet. Give your health care provider a list of all the medicines, herbs, non-prescription drugs, or dietary supplements you use. Also tell them if you smoke, drink alcohol, or use illegal drugs. It is much better when you check it with your health care provider .
What should I watch for while using this medicine?
Close attention should be given to keeping the patient well hydrated and monitoring the urine flow. The patient's general condition should be closely monitored. Precautions: reduce dose according to weight/age, impaired renal or hepatic functions, cardiac disorders, while pregnancy and lactation use it with caution.
What side effects may I notice from this medicine?
This list may not describe all possible side effects.
- epigastric distress
- CNS stimulation
- skin rash
- sleep disturbances
- weight gain
Where should I keep my medicine?
This medicinal product does not require any special storage conditions. Keep out of the reach of children. Throw away any unused medicine after the expiration date. | <urn:uuid:386c0371-9c14-42e9-98d8-9016f7af38e8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://cheapgenerics24.com/?product=nootropil | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00503-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.89601 | 798 | 1.9375 | 2 |
The city of Austin, Texas recently elected a municipal council with a majority of women councilors. The city manager’s office deemed this such a profound change to the operations of government that a special training session was arranged to teach city staff, who are apparently recruited directly from the monastery of Mount Athos, how to work with women-folk.
Surprisingly, an office that thinks this session is a good idea seems not to be an office rich in contacts with workplace gender experts. So one of the expert presenters turned up and cited that locus classicus of empirical evidence and conceptual subtlety, Men Are From Mars, Women Are From Venus. And the other based his warnings — notably, that women ask a lot of questions and don’t like numbers — on his personal experience:
The city commission [Allen] had worked with is all-female, which apparently qualified him for the job. Plus, he has an 11-year-old daughter who plays volleyball. (Allen was later fired from his city manager position for unrelated reasons.)
I’m glad to hear that the firing was for unrelated reasons. Letting their 11 year-old play volleyball would be a terrible reason to fire someone.
After the Internet and social media got their WTF on, the city manager appears to have realized that an apology was called for. That was good. But his apology wasn’t for the right thing. That was bad.
“I have to acknowledge that this particular training should have received proper vetting. I must take responsibility for that not having occurred,” [Austin city manager Marc] Ott states to reporters.
Well, no. The problem wasn’t a failure to vet the content of the presentations; arguably the presenters did more or less what they were supposed to do. The content was ridiculous because the idea for this training session was terrible. (Because there are philosophers on the Internet: of course in a different possible world, an idea for a training session might not be terrible. E.g., if it were already known that the staff environment were one hostile to women. In that very different case, though, a very different kind of intervention than this would have been required — earlier, and not simply because more women had been elected.) A better apology in this case would have focused on the decision to arrange staff training of this sort in the first place: i.e., predicated on lazy generalizations about women, and on the idea that accountability to women representatives is a deviant case, requiring special preparation for staff beyond basic professionalism, courtesy, and respect. | <urn:uuid:2b77c762-ff41-4159-897e-650240acc393> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://feministphilosophers.wordpress.com/2015/05/16/austin-tx-staff-training-session-men-are-from-earth-women-arent/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00430-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984243 | 530 | 1.515625 | 2 |
One quality in an employee that's more important than their skills to do the job is who they are as a person, argues REMODELING columnist Paul Winans.
Winans explains that Theo Epstein, president for baseball operations of the Chicago Cubs, looks at potential players' qualities as "human [beings]" before he considers their talent at baseball. Epstein thinks that who the players are as people is what will help them become part of the team and will "[carry them] through the long season of professional baseball." Winans explores ways managers and business owners can apply these ideas when hiring new workers:
When assessing a potential employee consider what they have done in their lives besides their occupation. Ask “What do you do when you are not working?” “What do you do for fun?” “What brings you the most joy?” A person who knows himself well will be a better employee and easier to manage ...
When interviewing a potential employee, ask [questions about when they were challenged both at work and away from work] ... They might look like this: “Tell me about a situation on the job where you were challenged, stressed or frustrated and how you responded.” Once that question is answered ask: “Tell me about a situation when you were not at work where you were challenged, stressed or frustrated and how you responded.”
You are going to find out the answers to those questions at some point. A bad time is after the employee has been working for your company. A good time is before you hire them. | <urn:uuid:d3440dd3-8f13-4e6a-b18e-23d7811370d8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.prosalesmagazine.com/business/management-leadership/what-the-chicago-cubs-theo-epstein-can-teach-you-about-building-a-team_s | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00079-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983719 | 323 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS)
Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS) is a routing protocol developed by the ISO. It is a link-state protocol and behaves much like Open Shortest Path First (OSPF). The two protocols have some significant differences, however.
IS-IS was developed as part of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) stack of protocols. It uses OSI protocols to deliver its packets and establish its adjacencies. IS-IS routers need to be assigned OSI addresses, which they use as a Router ID to create network structure.
IS-IS has been adapted to carry IP network informa-tion, and this form is called Integrated IS-IS. Integrated IS-IS has the most important characteristic necessary in a modern routing protocol: It supports VLSM and converges rapidly. It is also scalable to support very large networks.
What type of company typically uses IS-IS?
Large ISPs typically use IS-IS because it is scalable to very large networks.
Describe IS-IS Level 2 routing.
Level 2 routing is routing between areas. Level 2-capable routers comprise the IS-IS backbone and can be in separate areas. Any traffic bound for other areas must go through a Level 2-capable router. Level 2 routing is based on area ID.
Describe the differences in backbone require-ments between OSPF and IS-IS.
OSPF requires that an area be defined as a backbone area and that each other area border that backbone area. Special configuration (a virtual link) is required for any area that does not border the backbone area. IS-IS backbone routers can reside in any area. There merely must be an unbroken chain of Level 2 or Level 1/2 routers in order for the backbone to function.
A router has a Network Entity Title (NET) of 49.001a.1122.3344.5566.00. To what area does this router belong, and what is its system ID?
The area is 49.001a. The router's system ID is 1122.3344.5566. The easiest way to figure this out is to start from the right and work towards the left. The last two numbers of the NET are the NSEL; they are always 00 on a router. The next 12 numbers (separated into 3 groups of 4 numbers) are the system ID. On Cisco routers, the system ID is always this length6 bytes. Anything to the left of the system ID is the area ID.
Which of the following is a valid router NET address, and why?
2.49.0000.00c0.1234.00 is not a valid NET address because the first number in the area address has to be at least one byte (two numbers) long.
40.0000.00c0.1234.56 is not a valid NET address because the last two numbers, the NSEL, must always be 00.
1234.5678.90ab.cdef.0001.00 is a valid NET address. The area ID is 1234.5678, and the system ID is 90ab.cdef.0001. The NSEL is 00.
Describe the link-state databases maintained by a L1 router, a L2 router, and a L1/L2 router.
A L1 router maintains a database of all routers within the area and tags L1/L2 routers for use as default routes. A L2 router maintains a database of all the areas in the autonomous system and the closest next-hop L2 or L1/L2 router for each area. A L1/L2 router maintains two separate databasesa L1 database for intra-area routing and a L2 database for inter-area routing. It also advertises a default route into its area.
What are the four types of IS-IS protocol data units (PDUs), and their use?
HellosEstablish and maintain adjacencies
LSP (Link State PDU)Advertises link-state information
CSNP (Complete Sequence Number PDU)An update containing the complete list of LSPs known to the router
PSNP (Partial Sequence Number PDU)Used to acknowledge a routing update (LSP) on point-to-point links and to request missing information about a route after receiving a CSNP
If two Cisco routers are directly connected via an Ethernet link, belong to the same area, and both are L1/L2 routers, what types of adjacencies do they establish?
They establish both a L1 and a L2 adjacency, maintain a separate database for each level, and send each other both L1 and L2 types of hellos.
What criteria are used in electing the DIS?
An IS-IS DIS is elected based on highest priority value, and then on highest SNPA address (typically the MAC address). The priority is assigned to each interface and has a default value of 64. Priority can be configured; the range is 1127. In case of a tie, the router with the highest SPNA address for that interface is elected the DIS. No backup DIS exists.
How often are hellos sent on an IS-IS broadcast link?
Hellos are exchanged every 10 seconds on a broadcast link by all routers except the DIS. The DIS sends a hello every 3.3 seconds.
What command displays the IS-IS adjacencies formed by the router?
show clns neighbors
Recall that IS-IS routers form adjacencies via CLNS.
What command gives a summary of the IS-IS process on the router?
show clns protocol
This command displays the router's system ID, its IS type, area ID, interfaces participating in IS-IS routing, routes being redistributed, the administrative distance for CLNS, and the type of metrics in use.
You have an IS-IS router that is performing both L1 and L2 routing and has both L1 and L2 neighbors. How would you optimize the router's operation to conserve bandwidth and router resources?
Configure each interface as either L1 or L2 circuit type, depending on the type of adjacency needed out that interface. The command to do this is, at the interface configuration mode, isis circuit-type [level-1 | level-1-2 | level-2-only]. This prevents unnecessary hellos from being sent out interfaces, which uses bandwidth and router resources.
What is a SNPA, and how it is derived?
SNPA stands for Subnetwork Point of Attachment. It identifies a point at which a device connects to a network. It is roughly equivalent to a Layer 2 address in the non-CLNS world. The SNPA for a local-area network (LAN) connection is the MAC address of the interface. The SNPA for a wide-area network (WAN) interface is the virtual circuit identifier. For example, the data-link connection identifier (DLCI) on a Frame Relay connection. If the WAN interface is using High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) encapsulation, the SNPA is simply HDLC. For example:
R2# show clns neighbor System Id Interface SNPA State Holdtime Type Protocol R1 Et0 0000.0c09.9fea Up 24 L1L2 IS-IS R3 Se0 *HDLC* Up 28 L1L2 IS-IS
What two types of network topology are supported by IS-IS?
Broadcast and point-to-point. Broadcast topology typically describes a LAN, but it might also be used with an NBMA network such as Frame Relay. | <urn:uuid:a0c2f380-8d15-4486-ba05-356e1a0c2e01> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=101756 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.903892 | 1,658 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Duke University has some answers for a question echoing around Charlottesville and Albemarle County: What is the role of universities in making housing affordable?
Stelfanie Williams, vice president of Duke’s Office of Durham and Regional Affairs, told attendees of the Tom Tom Festival’s Civic Innovation Conference on Wednesday that the university’s approach to strengthening Durham, North Carolina, has been to concentrate investments in the surrounding neighborhoods.
“Duke only owns one small property in downtown that was originally part of the campus. The approach has been to be an anchor tenant and to lease space so that those properties remain on the tax books and that the county is able to continue to receive some revenue,” Williams said.
However, Williams said Duke’s approach is changing with the times in downtown Durham.
According to DataWorks NC, which draws data from the U.S. Census Bureau, the population of downtown Durham nearly doubled between 2000 and 2017. Meanwhile, the total number of African American residents has stayed about the same and the number of Hispanic residents has more than halved.
“How do we also make sure we’re investing and supporting the most vulnerable populations in the region? Because those populations are no longer completely situated within this zone,” Williams said. “We’re going to have to do both/and — the neighborhood infrastructure, as well as figuring out some metrics that will allow us to make investments beyond this perimeter.”
- Community to be displaced in Belmont Apartment renovation
- Community members urge UVa working group to hold President Ryan to priorities
- Albemarle begins affordable housing policy update
The Tom Tom talk comes at a time when regional collaborations to address housing affordability are gaining momentum and when the University of Virginia has shown renewed interest in contributing to solutions.
Several affiliated with the area’s new Regional Housing Partnership attended Williams’ talk, including Keith Smith, who represents the Thomas Jefferson Area Planning District Commission on the RHP.
Smith and Albemarle Supervisor Rick Randolph said the talk emphasized for them that their current efforts are in the right direction.
“Everything we’re doing, we’re doing right. It took us about 10 years to get UVa at the table, and they are at the table,” Smith said. “They realized that they’re part of the struggle and they realized they’re part of the solution.”
Williams described other new directions her office is taking, such as shifting from constructing new housing to focusing on housing affordability more broadly. The office also plans to spend more time researching and tracking Duke’s impact on its five priority areas, which, in addition to affordable housing, are education, food security, workforce development and nonprofit capacity building.
The priorities identified by UVa President Jim Ryan’s University-Community Working Group are jobs, affordable housing, health care and education, in that order.
So far, the working group’s report has resulted in Ryan raising the minimum wage for university employees to $15 an hour. On Thursday, UVa COO Jennifer Wagner Davis told participants at a rally led by the Interfaith Movement Promoting Action by Congregations Together that the university is identifying ways to expand on-Grounds student housing and contribute to housing affordability. | <urn:uuid:ed7a436e-e526-4478-b69f-e5d8fe88f8c2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cvilletomorrow.org/tom-tom-speaker-discusses-role-of-universities-in-affordable-housing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.955288 | 692 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Conducted a study to demonstrate that when TV formats are varied, with content held constant, they differentially affect the use of mental skills and the acquisition of knowledge. Four groups of 44 5th graders were pretested on a battery of mental skill tests; then each group was shown 1 of 4 TV film versions of a story and posttested on 2 types of knowledge acquisition tests. All films had the same content, but their dominant format of presentation differed, with fragmentation of spaces, logical gaps, close-ups, and zoomings in and out. Results show differential patterns of correlations between initial skill mastery and knowledge acquisition within each format, depending on whether the format called upon a skill or supplanted it. Also, correlational patterns varied as a function of the requirements of the knowledge acquisition task. (16 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved).
- TV format variation with constant content, mastery of mental skills &
- acquisition of knowledge, 5th graders | <urn:uuid:1e3da4e3-9e99-4ea6-a42b-63086e7bf6e3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cris.tau.ac.il/en/publications/television-formats-mastery-of-mental-skills-and-the-acquisition-o | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.934796 | 211 | 3.546875 | 4 |
NCERT English Workbook Class 9 Solutions Integrated Grammar Practice 4 are part of English Workbook Class 9 Solutions. Here we have given CBSE Class 9 English Workbook Solutions Integrated Grammar Practice 4.
CBSE Class 9 English Workbook Solutions Integrated Grammar Practice 4
Study the following sentences. Select the one underlined word which is incorrect. Write the incorrect answer in the boxes provided. One has been done as an example.
e.g. The National Gallery of Art at Washington D.C., is one of the world’s greatest museums.
(a) Millions of people had entered its doors to see the paintings by some of the world’s finest artists.
(b) But if, those priceless masterpieces are to be preserved, the gallery must protected them carefully.
(c) The 150 guards have successively prevented damage and theft.
(d) But, protecting the paintings from nature was a greater problem.
Rearrange the following words and phrases to form meaningful sentences. The first one is done for you as an example. Write the answers in your answer sheet.
are / the / dreams scenarios/picture perfect houses/not a speck of dust/and no cobwebs ever/with a wrinkle-free bedcover/on the shelves
Picture perfect houses with a wrinkle-free bedcover, not a speck of dust on the shelves and no cobwebs ever are the dream scenarios.
(a) of its residents/becomes a/it reflects/a house/the personality/home when
(b) has to look/no rules/how our/there are/as to/home
(c) thing is/ inhabiting them/should enjoy/the important/that we
(d) about/houses are/our lives/personal statements
(e) the confidence/in ourselves/they reflect/we have
(f) we have/will be/the more/ individualistic/confidence/the more/our homes 00
(а) A house becomes a home when it reflects the personality of its residents.
(b) There are no rules as to how our home has to look.
(c) The important thing is that we should enjoy inhabiting them.
(d) Houses are personal statements about our lives.
(e) They reflect the confidence we have in ourselves.
(f) The more confidence we have the more individualistic our homes will be.
Complete the following passage on Dance by choosing the correct word from the given options. The first one has been done for you.
The fact that dance (a) is an art form is a well known fact. (b) ________ dance as a therapy is not known (c) ________ many. Dance therapy involves a synthesis of the grace and vigour (d) ________ Indian classical and folk dance movements into (e) ________ innovative and holistic therapy. It brings (f) ________ the inner feelings (g) ________ the participants and can help them (h) ________ develop a healthy personality.
(a) (i) is
(b) (i) For
(c) (i) by
(d) (i) on
(e) (i) the
(f) (i) in
(g) (i) about
(h) (i) with
(b) (iii) But
(c) (ii) to
(d) (iii) of
(f) (iv) out
(g) (iv) of
(h) (iii) to
Use the information in the headlines to complete the sentences. Choose the correct option from those given.
(a) Women Rescue Child
Two brave women of Rampur village ____________ kidnapped by his father’s distant relative.
- have rescued a child who has been
- have rescued a child who was being
- rescued a child who had been
- rescued a child who was
(b) Two killed in Collision
Two passengers travelling in a car died ____________. The driver of the truck is absconding.
- after their collision of a truck
- in a collision with a truck
- after their car collided in a truck
- when their car collided with a truck
(c) Ban on Smoking
Smoking ____________ in all public places.
- has been banned
- is being banned
- was banned
(d) Old Building Demolished
Keeping in mind the dilapidated condition of ____________ yesterday.
- the building, it was demolish
- the building, it was demolished
- the building, it has been demolished
- the building, it will be
(a) (iii) rescued a child who had been
(b) (iv) when their car collided with a truck
(c) (i) has been banned
(d) (ii) the building, it was demolished
We hope the NCERT English Workbook Class 9 Solutions Integrated Grammar Practice 4 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Class 9 English Workbook Solutions Integrated Grammar Practice 4, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest. | <urn:uuid:00beca46-b54e-47ae-8ee5-d90612054996> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.learncbse.in/english-workbook-class-9-solutions-integrated-grammar-practice-4/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.900292 | 1,341 | 4.125 | 4 |
Comet Pan-STARRS will make it's North Hemisphere debut tonight. Space.com has an excellent article on how to spot the comet. If you're in Tallahassee, I'll be at the JR Alford Greenway tonight with my telescope. You are invited to join me. After everyone has seen the comet, we should also have good views of Jupiter and the Orion Nebula–both are beautiful sights in a telescope. We'll start looking right at sunset.
What: Comet Pan-STARRS viewing, with Jupiter and Orion as well.
When: March 7, 2013 starting at 6 PM Eastern.
Where: JR Alford Greenway, Tallahassee | <urn:uuid:1c740c82-d1de-4fca-be67-41c55302de5d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://mikemchargue.com/blog/2013/3/7/star-party-tonight | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00356-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953597 | 139 | 1.710938 | 2 |
We are pleased to share the following article from our friends at American Association of Family & Consumer Sciences (AAFCS). You can learn about more FACS apps from their latest newsletter...
Apps for Family & Consumer Sciences
By Sharon A. Baillie, 2011 AAFCS National Teacher of the Year
I received a grant from Pathways for Financial Success, which included the purchase of an iPad lab. My students and I have been trying out apps to use in my FCS classroom. Each month I will be reviewing apps for FCS. To find the app, do a Google search and type the words “app store” after the app name. You will get a link to the android, iTunes, or Google store if the app is available for your device. If you have suggestions for future apps to include, please send me an email.
Quizlet allows students to study vocabulary words on their mobile device as flash cards or by choosing to play one of three games. Word lists must be created on a computer or selected from the many lists already available. | <urn:uuid:1f7361ce-7a35-4b59-a03d-845d06b0ce20> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.learningzonexpress.com/blog/apps-for-family-consumer-sciences | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00513-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.925687 | 218 | 2.578125 | 3 |
0343 GMT August 12, 2022
It is the first electoral test for Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, 44, who came to power in 2018 championing a democratic revival in Africa's second-most populous country, and a break from its authoritarian past, AFP reported.
"This election is different," said Milyon Gebregziabher, a 45-year-old travel agent voting in the centre of the capital Addis Ababa. "There are a number of parties to choose from. In the past there was just one, we did not have the luxury of choice."
Abiy, a Nobel Peace laureate who freed political prisoners, welcomed back exiles and ended a cold war with neighbouring Eritrea before sending troops to confront the dissident leadership of Tigray late last year, has promised this election will be Ethiopia's most competitive in history, free of the repression that marred previous ballots.
But the spectre of famine caused by the ongoing fighting in Tigray, and the failure to stage elections on schedule in around one-fifth of constituencies, means that promise is in doubt.
"I believe this election will shine a light of democracy on Ethiopia," said Yordanos Berhanu, a 26-year-old accountant at the head of a queue of hundreds.
"As a young Ethiopian, I (have) hope for the future of my country, and believe voting is part of that," she said before slipping her ballot papers into a purple plastic box for the national vote and a light green one for the regional election.
In Bahir Dar, capital of the northwestern Amhara region which neighbours Tigray, voters said peace and economic growth were the priorities.
Once votes are counted, national MPs will elect the prime minister, who is head of government, as well as the president – a largely ceremonial role.
Abiy's ruling Prosperity Party has fielded the most candidates for national parliamentary races, and is the firm favourite to win a majority and form the next government, tasked with bringing peace to Tigray and rebuilding an economy hammered by the coronavirus pandemic.
At a polling station in Addis Ababa, opposition leader and former political prisoner Berhanu Nega of the Ethiopian Citizens for Social Justice Party was cautiously optimistic that the vote would be democratic, as billed.
"I don't know if signs that an election is free and fair can be measured by this," he said, referring to his own involvement, "but participation looks good, so let's hope it ends clean."
The election was twice delayed – once for the pandemic, and again to allow more time to organise the ballot across a huge nation.
Some 38 million Ethiopians are registered but polls are not going ahead in close to one-fifth of the country's 547 constituencies with some areas deemed too insecure – plagued by armed insurgencies and ethnic violence – while in others logistical setbacks made arranging a vote in time impossible.
A second batch of voting is to take place on September 6 to accommodate many of the districts not taking part Monday. | <urn:uuid:6382754b-0109-4340-b568-f1b30bfc6b2f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://irandaily.ir/News/314098.html?catid=3&title=Ethiopians-vote-in-poll-overshadowed-by-Tigray | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.967814 | 624 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Editor’s note: Every Friday, HLN brings you the "My First Time" series, which explores the first time your favorite celebrities did something significant or memorable (so get your mind out of the gutter!).
In this installment, award-winning author Elizabeth Gilbert -- whose newest tome, " The Signature of All Things," a novel about the need to understand the workings of the world, came out in October -- opens up about self-improvement, having to make a choice (between logic and religion, work and family), and what "having it all" means to her.
HLN: Religion and logic come together in your new book, “The Signature of All Things.” When did these two things cross in your own life for the first time?
Gilbert : Religion came before logic. I remember going to Sunday school as a child. It’s taken me years to recognize one of the essential things of this novel -- those two aspects are the pillars of our selfhood. The 19th century marks the first time they took a sharp divide in history. The evidence was starting to contradict the biblical story and posed grave questions -- which master should they worship? This book is about what a heartbreak it is to have to make that choice.
HLN: The main female character, Alma, gets saved by her work in this book. How do you think that concept reflects on the women of today?
Gilbert : Women have worked forever. Women are the workers of the world and always have been. The difference is now they’re working in professions. One of the things I set out to do is to write about a woman who adores her work, and that’s a story you don’t see very often told. I also felt very strongly against a woman whose life was rescued or ruined by a man. It seems those were the only endings they got. The most fascinating thing to me is resilience in the face of disappointment. Women overcome it and go on to live lives -- we’re not rescued by anyone or ruined by anyone in the end, we go on to live for our own purpose.
HLN: How do you feel about women having it all?
Gilbert : One simple answer is there are four kinds of women: Ones who choose family over work and are conflicted about it, ones who choose work over family and are conflicted about it, ones who have work and family and are conflicted, and then there are the mystics. They can be any one woman from the three categories, but they deafen themselves to all the chatter of what you’re supposed to be and how you’re supposed to live. [This woman] is following some deeply certain internal voice that belongs to her and instructs her. That’s something to aspire to. Am I supposed to have a family or work? Have I figured out a way to go to a quiet space to figure out my purpose and dedicate myself to it no matter what?
It’s difficult because we’re bombarded with messages and we compare our lives to others. Just when you try to feel comfortable, you second-guess your own looking at others’ choices. We live in a society that doesn’t make it easy for us to have children. We say women are equal, but we won’t give you child care or maternity leave. We have to be very gentle in ourselves -- it’s an experiment in history to have autonomous women. We’re still the pioneers of it.
HLN: Do you feel you’ve found your purpose and a way to make it work for you?
Gilbert : It works for me because the path that I was on wasn’t working for me. I wasn’t going to be of any benefit to anyone because I was so unhappy. That was largely because I was serving two masters: I was pursuing my passion as a writer and traveler, and I got married very young to a man who wanted to have a family. I kept trying to make it work, staying up nights, but I couldn’t figure out the equation. I had to be very honest with myself about my capacities. As you got older, you get more relaxed with the idea that you can’t do everything in one lifetime. It’s important to do what you love and what serves the people around you. I no longer think it’s important to check every box.
HLN: Your characters are always looking to improve themselves. Is that something you see in yourself as well?
Gilbert : I do. I have no embarrassment about the word self-improvement -- it’d be weird to subscribe to self-worsening -- so I sign on to it. Anything new-age and uplifting. I don’t see a conflict between that and thinking of myself as a feminist and an artist. I think my books will always be about that. They’ll never be about women who are weak.
HLN: What’s next for you? Perhaps another movie?
Gilbert : I’m on a mammoth book tour right now, but that’s a pleasure for me because I’ve come to be very fond of my readers. “ Eat, Pray, Love” bound my readers and me together and I like to meet them. This book is in many ways different and I feel I have to explain it personally to people. And I love doing that.
A movie is being discussed, but it’s out of my hands. The story is very cinematic, so it’s not out of the realm of possibility, but I think I’m going to stick to fiction -- it was such a creative pleasure. I have an idea for another book, but it will be awhile before I have enough time to dedicate myself to it. | <urn:uuid:11799199-e27b-4cb5-8251-89ce1314b906> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.hlntv.com/article/2013/11/01/elizabeth-gilbert-signature-all-things-eat-pray-love-author/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00208-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977117 | 1,226 | 1.664063 | 2 |
What is the theory of unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics?
“The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences” is a 1960 article by the physicist Eugene Wigner. In the paper, Wigner observes that a physical theory’s mathematical structure often points the way to further advances in that theory and even to empirical predictions.
Why is mathematics so astonishingly successful at describing the universe we live in?
In a way mathematics is so successful because it ‘mathematicises’ the real world; and the real world lends itself, within limits, to ‘mathematicisation’, to austere description. But within this situation of measurement, any number of non-mathematical, empirical assumptions are at work in the background.
Why is mathematics so effective in describing nature?
The fourth hypothesis, building on formal results by Kolmogorov, Solomonov and Chaitin, claims that mathematics is so useful in describing the natural world because it is the science of the abbreviation of sequences, and mathematically formulated laws of nature enable us to compress the information contained in the …
Can the universe be described mathematically?
It’s true that mathematics enables us to quantitatively describe the Universe, it’s an incredibly useful tool when applied properly. But the Universe is a physical, not mathematical entity, and there’s a big difference between the two.
Who wondered how is it possible that mathematics does so well in explaining the universe as we see it?
Several others fall more into the Einstein camp — who thought math to be a product of human thought, even though he wondered how it did so well in explaining the universe as we see it.
Why are many of the laws in the natural sciences stated using the language of mathematics?
They believe that mathematical relationships reflect real aspects of the physical world. Science relies on the assumption that we live in an ordered Universe that is subject to precise mathematical laws. Thus the laws of physics, the most fundamental of the sciences, are all expressed as mathematical equations.
Is mathematics an effective way to describe the world?
Maths is effective when it delivers simple, compact expressions that we can apply with regularity to many situations. It is ineffective when it fails to deliver that elegant compactness. It is that compactness that makes it useful/practical … if we can get that compression without sacrificing too much precision.
What did Plato say about mathematics?
Plato believes that the truths of mathematics are absolute, necessary truths. He believes that, in studying them, we shall be in a better position to know the absolute, necessary truths about what is good and right, and thus be in a better position to become good ourselves.
Do you believe that mathematics is everywhere?
All too often math is seen as a subject that is a world of its own, isolated from the humanities and other subjects. Math is not just a class but a topic that constantly impacts our decisions.
Due – Friday, April 15, 2019.
|Numeracy/Quantitative Literacy||Math in Sports|
|Mathematics in Poetry||Mathematics in History|
How is your perception of mathematics and its usefulness to mankind?
Mathematics makes our life orderly and prevents chaos. Certain qualities that are nurtured by mathematics are power of reasoning, creativity, abstract or spatial thinking, critical thinking, problem-solving ability and even effective communication skills.
How does mathematics contribute in the nature and several phenomena in the world?
Predicting the size, location, and timing of natural hazards is virtually impossible, but because of the help of Mathematics we are able to forecast calamities such as hurricanes, floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, wildfires, and landslides etc.
Why mathematics is important in our society?
Mathematics is of central importance to modern society. It provides the vital underpinning of the knowledge of economy. It is essential in the physical sciences, technology, business, financial services and many areas of ICT. It is also of growing importance in biology, medicine and many of the social sciences.
What is the impact of mathematics in the modern world?
Mathematics helps us understand the world and provides an effective way of building mental discipline. Math encourages logical reasoning, critical thinking, creative thinking, abstract or spatial thinking, problem-solving ability, and even effective communication skills.
What role does mathematics play in our world today?
Mathematics is a fundamental part of human thought and logic, and integral to attempts at understanding the world and ourselves. Mathematics provides an effective way of building mental discipline and encourages logical reasoning and mental rigor.
What will happen if mathematics does not exist?
It has made our lives easier and uncomplicated. Had it not been for math, we would still be figuring out each and everything in life, which in turn, would create chaos. Still not convinced? If there were no numbers, there wouldn’t exist any calendars or time.
What are the disadvantages of mathematics?
Mathematics is a subject that is considered as the waterloo of most the students. Most of them unlike Mathematics because of its complexities and they find difficulty in understanding and analyzing it.
What would the world be without mathematics?
Now imagine how different our daily landscape would be if mathematics had never came to be. It would mean no time, no calendars, no buildings, no transportation, no recipes… the list goes on and on. Quite simply, all of the comforts which make our lives what they are today would be no more. | <urn:uuid:9e2b576d-fc25-4632-b1c9-d0b4b7c9235f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://antennamediatorino.eu/en/what-philosophies-does-wigners-unreasonable-effectiveness-of-mathematics-threaten/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.93508 | 1,147 | 3.390625 | 3 |
A black girl fights for her independence in the city
The Gemini Eclipses of 2011
Malvin Artley, our regular esoteric commentator, presents his analysis of the Eclipses at the Gemini Moon cycles of 2011. The New Moon in Gemini 11º 02, a partial Solar Eclipse, takes place on the 1st of June 2011 at around 21:17 UT (GMT). Then the Full Moon for Gemini (Full Moon at Sagittarius 24° 23') is due on June 15 at around 20:15 UT.
I do not often write non-esoteric letters about astrology, but given the state of affairs in the world and the fact that we are about to experience a couple of eclipses it will be helpful to see how these events will affect us and what the eclipse figures will produce in terms of dynamics. We have looked at eclipses quite a bit in previous letters and the more esoteric side of them. In this instalment the focus will be much more on the effects in the world. The title of this letter may lead one to think that we will be looking at two sets of eclipses, but that is not the case. We are considering the Northern Hemisphere summer and Southern Hemisphere winter, specifically the eclipses that will take place on the 1st and 14th of June this year (2nd and 15th in Australasia). The first is a solar partial eclipse this Friday in Oz/New Zealand and the second is a total lunar eclipse. I have a short Wesak missive to send out in the coming days as well. Though that event has passed and was powerful in its effects, the repercussions of it will reverberate throughout the year, so it is important that we consider what Wesak has brought to us. For now, though, let's have a look at these eclipses.
Partial Solar Eclipse June 1
The solar eclipse is no. 68 of 72 of the Saros 118 series, and will cut a path from Japan, Siberia, the North Pole, Greenland and Labrador. This series started on 24 May 0803 at 1:36 PM LMT over Antarctica. Jupiter is the lord of the series, and at its inception the Sun and Moon along with Jupiter were in a Grand Trine with Pluto and Neptune (though the effect of the latter two would not have been felt in the world at that time), so this series has a powerful effect upon the oil and gas industry, emotional states, big business and expansion of consciousness. Though I have not looked at it a great deal, the symbolism around the dynamics and the degree for these series (the starting eclipses of any Saros series) yield up some fascinating possibilities. The Sabian symbol degree for the starting eclipse of the 118 series is “Workmen drilling for oil” (6 Gemini) and there have been some key developments in oil and gas coinciding with the series 118 eclipses and their activations, such as the development of kerosene, the founding of Standard Oil, the discovery of oil in Sumatra, the founding of Ford Motor Co., WWII and the battle for resources, and the first oil production in the North Sea, to name a few. More than that, however, is the emphasis of this series upon human ambition and big business, as oil has always been associated with big money, the control of energy resources and transport in the last 150 years, especially.
The June 1st eclipse will affect Australia, Egypt, France, Israel and the US. It also affects Chiron in Ireland's chart. It takes place at 21:04 UT (7:04 AM AEST in Australia on the 2nd), with peak eclipse some 20 minutes later. This is a South Node eclipse, with activations by Mars on 6 Jul 2011 (around American Independence Day), 22 Oct 2012, 15 Jun 2013 and 29 Sep 2014. The Jupiter activations come on 5 Aug 2012, 4 Dec 2012 and the 26 Mar 2013. For Australia and the US this eclipse falls on Uranus, and with a Mars activation we can expect the unexpected—accidents, fires, falls from grace, storms and the like on the negative side (the bad news first) and discoveries, inventions, events involving air travel and maybe just some peculiar people sticking their heads up to be noticed around that time (a week on either side of the eclipse). If you live in the US or Australia and have your Sun or Moon and especially angles at 3° on either side of 11 Gemini or Sagittarius I would stay out of airplanes and be very careful with travel and sharp objects or machinery unless absolutely necessary during the Mars activations. You will have to check your birth charts. Mercury is the lord of this eclipse and it will thus concern all areas of communications, young people, transport and technology, and this is for people the world over. With South Node eclipses we can expect endings or separations.
The Sabian symbol for the degree of the eclipse reads:
A black girl fights for her independence in the city.
This eclipse, then, will be about freeing oneself from other people's prejudices, about standing up for oneself and taking a stand for minorities, socially disadvantaged, the young and oppressed people. It is actually an empowering figure and can bring good results if rightly handled. The eclipse point is trine to Saturn, Jupiter is sextile to Neptune and we find a loose t-square with Uranus, Saturn and Pluto, all of which points to social pressures (indicated by the t-square) creating crisis points around which people can rise to opportunity. With the Saturn trine to the eclipse some very solid results can eventuate from whatever happens. The Australian and US charts are the ones to watch, as the other countries do not receive activations of the Sun, Moon or angles, though there could still be some interesting events in those countries. Los Angeles and Manhattan are also strongly affected with this one, as the Los Angeles Saturn is affected and the Manhattan ascendant receives activation as well. I am not into scaremongering or dire warnings. All I will say is that if you are in those cities on the activation dates, take due care and be careful with transport or large groups of people.
An old bridge over a beautiful stream is still in constant use.
Overall, I do not expect much in the way of major events with either of these eclipses, as they are not very powerful on the scale of eclipse magnitude. The one just considered in particular is not the one of importance of this pair. The lunar eclipse on the 15th of June is the one of major consideration, as it is a total eclipse and coincides with the Festival of Goodwill this year, one of the three major spiritual festivals. I will not cover its meaning too much, as I will do that more in the Goodwill Festival letter in a week or so. However, since it is an eclipse this time, let's have a look.
Total Lunar Eclipse June 15
The lunar eclipse is no. 34 of 72 of the Saros 130 series, and will be visible throughout South America, Africa, Europe and Australasia, with the greatest viewing witnessed through eastern Brazil, north-eastern Europe and the UK, Manchuria, Japan, New Guinea, eastern Australia and New Zealand. This Saros series started on 10 Jun 1416 at 11:57 AM over Antarctica. The symbol for the degree for the start of this eclipse series is as follows:
An old bridge over a beautiful stream is still in constant use.
This symbol is not so easy to define in terms of world events and, indeed, lunar eclipses do seem to yield results more in the emotional sphere than in outer events. Still, there are events that can be linked to this symbol, such as the Dibble's (Devil's) Bridge Crash, in which a busload of pensioners crashed (the highest road toll in Britain ever for a single accident), interestingly on a bridge over a stream in country Britain. Overall, however, this series of eclipses is about social icons and traditions that are still in use. In that eclipse figure Jupiter is again lord of the eclipse and we find an 'easy opposition' to the full moon axis formed by a Jupiter/Uranus conjunction. Pluto is conjunct the Sun in the figure, however, and Mars is sesquisquare the Sun, marking the fact that tragedy can occur around these eclipses, bringing grief—as in the Dibble's Bridge incident.
As for the present, this eclipse (15 Jun) occurs at 25 Sagittarius at 6:15 AM AEST (8:15 PM GMT), the symbol for which reads:
A flag bearer in a battle.
The eclipse is a North Node type, marking new starts emotionally, but there is not a lot distinguishing the figure. Suffice it to say that this eclipse will bring up issues of dedication to causes, the battles we go through for ideals, and anything that requires us to wear our hearts on our sleeves. National and cultural symbolism colors so much of what we do and how our societies operate, sometimes for centuries. Patriotism or nationalism is very much included in the symbolism for this eclipse. In the figure for the event Venus is square to Chiron, meaning there may well have to be some reckoning with old scenarios before one can move forward with things. Mars is square to Neptune, giving warning that one should be measured in one's emotional responses to situations. The t-square found in the June 1st eclipse is in this one as well, and the same interpretation applies. Jupiter is applying to the Chiron/Neptune midpoint, implying that some rather good and long-lasting associations could come from events surrounding the eclipse and its subsequent activations. This is further indicated by Venus applying to a trine with Saturn. This is a more platonic, rather than passionate, figure. The energies of compassion and goodwill are there without a doubt, and we should be open to whatever possibilities eventuate from it.
The Mars activations of the eclipse point for the 15th of Jun eclipse are 25 Jul 2011, 9 Nov 2012, 7 Jul 2013 and 18 Oct 2014. The only Jupiter activation comes on 1 Jun 2013. Since Jupiter is lord of the eclipse the emphasis will be on judicial and religious matters on the world stage, with expansiveness in the economy, which should prove particularly true for Australia, since the eclipse activates Australia's Mercury and Neptune. Oil and gas, anyone? It will be of great interest to see what happens with the carbon tax debate in Australia under this eclipse, as I think it will highlight opinions on the matter. The debate is pretty polarised, with good and bad science on both sides and some heated agendas on both sides as well. In the end, if it goes through, which is doubtful in the present political climate—and if it cuts into people's pockets—it will be the undoing of the Labour Party for the time being. It should make for good play in the media here, though, which is also a very Mercurial/Neptunian combination. We'll keep our eyes on that one here, and see who the flag bearers are in the battle. Jupiter and Uranus are both affected in Israel's chart under this eclipse and we may well see some breakthroughs in current negotiations there, especially since Jupiter rules their 3rd House.
That is probably enough for the consideration of these two eclipses. As we saw, they are not especially powerful, but every eclipse brings its results. For those who are able to see them, enjoy the viewing! The lunar eclipse should be particularly good, so if you are awake in Australasia it would pay to go outside and have a look, provided it is not cloudy or raining. We'll leave it there for now. I will have the Wesak letter out within the week and the Goodwill letter the week after.
See you soon!
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Employee Handbook Do's & Dont's
Employers must comply with a litany of federal, state and local laws which govern virtually every aspect of the employer-employee relationship. Most employers wish to communicate the steps they will take to comply with the law in an employee handbook. This crucial document is responsible for distilling a variety of complex and constantly-changing legal topics into one easy-to-read guidebook for employees, and managers. We introduce a variety of concepts which counsel preparing these critical documents should be aware of, and how handbooks can be used as both a sword and a shield later in litigation. In doing so, we highlight a number of hot topics in the employment law space, including teleworking, medical and adult-use cannabis, and paid sick leave laws.
Lisa: Through this presentation, we're going to cover the significance and value of employee handbooks. As I said, your must-have policies, optional policies, policies that are risky, other drafting considerations and pitfalls. And throughout, we're going to talk about some hot topics and employment law as well, and hopefully, at the end, you'll walk away with an understanding of the core elements that your handbook should have, some policies that you may want to consider, and then of course, policies to avoid.
It's very overwhelming to put a handbook together, especially when you maybe don't have an understood of the federal state and local laws behind these policies, or which policies are really essential for your particular type of workforce. And we hope that this presentation can give you some best practices and thoughts about how to structure your handbook.
Some hot topics that we're going to cover to that include paid sick leave and COVID-19 requirements. I'm sure anybody who's listening to this is probably sick of hearing about COVID-19 requirements at this point. Obviously, we've all been living through the past year and a half just turning all of our regular practices and procedures on their face and just dealing with a whole new work reality. And now the "New Normal," post-COVID, but there's still a lot of considerations to take into account as policies and regulations continue to be updated around the country from a federal, state, and a local level.
We're, also, on a related note, going to touch on remote work and reasonable accommodations, which have been coming up a lot. Obviously, now, there's a different work structure for a lot of individuals, especially in light of COVID. And we're going to touch on medical and adult-use cannabis legalization. More and more states are starting to legalize marijuana, not only for medicinal, but for recreational use. And what does that mean for your workforce and your drug-free workplace policies?
Okay. So why have a handbook? What is the significance and value of having a handbook? Well, there's a lot of reasons to have a handbook. It welcomes your employees. It's something to go over during their training and onboarding to show, "Hey, you know, these are our policies, these are our expectations. These are our standards that you can expect when you work here."
It should include, or can include, a statement about your values and your culture. Importantly, it's a centralized place for information. So when an employee has a question about their vacation, a question about call-out procedures, a question about leaves and benefits, the handbook should be one of their first resources that they have available as a go-to for any questions or concerns that they have regarding their work environment and regarding your policies.
Of course, the handbook is also going to include prohibited conduct or your discipline policies about what can happen if one of your practices or if one of your guidelines is violated. And equally important, handbooks are a tool to ensure and demonstrate compliance with federal, state, and local laws.
So, it's becoming more and more common that our employment laws put this burden on employers, that employers have to demonstrate not only that they're following the law, but that they're telling employees what the law is, what the standards are, and what they're entitled to. And so, instead of having all these piecemeal policies just floating around, the handbook is that centralized place where you're going to keep that really important data that you're going to update as the law becomes updated. And having the handbook and having it be updated shows to a court, or to a jury, or to an agency, if there's a claim or a complaint, that you're aware of the law, that you understand how important it is, that you intend to comply with the law.
And that's really critical if an issue does come up, because a lot of times, for example, if there's some sort of her harassment claim or something like that, one of the primary questions is, "Okay, what does your complaint reporting procedure look like?" Right? And "Well, where is that going to be housed?" It's going to be housed in your employee handbook. And what if you don't have one? Well, if you don't have one, what standards are your managers following, your HR?
So it's not only a tool for employees to utilize so that they know what your policies are, but it's a way to demonstrate that you intend to comply with all relevant laws that relate to employment policies.
So some key considerations or do's for your employee handbook: You do want to consider all jurisdictions where your employees are working and not just company headquarters. I see this come up a lot with clients who have, perhaps, one primary work location and then maybe smaller branches in other states or other cities, or they started off, let's say, on the east coast, and now they've expanded to the west coast. And they started off, perhaps, with a great set of policies for their original location, and then they got busy and they got swept up in other things and kind of forgot along the way to update their policies for their other locations.
It's really, really critical that your policies reflect the laws of where your employees are working. It's not based on where they live. It's based on where the work is performed, in most cases. So, if your headquarters is located in New York City and you have employees commuting in from New Jersey. You need to make sure you have New York City laws reflected in your handbook, right? And even if your primary location is in Miami, if you then have a few employees working in Boston or working in Chicago, well, what policies apply to them?
Now, when we get into remote employees, it's obviously a different situation, and it depends on where those employees are located. But it's really important to just remember that, as these laws evolve, more and more states and cities are having their own separate laws, different from the federal law. They're usually more employee-friendly. In other words, there's usually more expectations on the employer, and it's important that your policies reflect those laws, again, to show that you understand, that you're in compliance and that you're doing what's expected of you.
It's really, really easy for a disgruntled current or former employee or someone to make a complaint against an employer for any reason under the sun, and to use the absence of a policy to try to claim that the employer isn't following the law, right? So we do want to anticipate the ultimate use of these policies and litigation for the same reason, right? So our policies, we want them to be up-to-date. We want them to be compliant with the law. We want them to reflect your values.
And one of the reasons, other than just needing to follow the law, is that these handbooks are going to be one of the primary and first exhibits in any employment litigation case that comes up. Again, if there's, let's say, a discrimination lawsuit. Okay. What does your equal employment policy look like? What does your anti-discrimination policy look like? And if you don't have one, not only is that a violation of itself in a lot of cases, but what does that say about your values and your culture, right?
And we want to make sure that we're paying close attention to organizational and section titles and the policies so that, again, they reflect what's required by law, they reflect your intention, and that the handbook makes sense and is easy to follow. Right? We want ... This handbook is going to be reviewed by people, usually, with many different levels of education, many different backgrounds. We want it to be user-friendly so that anybody can pick it up and understand what the standards and obligations are.
Some things we don't want to do you with employee handbooks: We want to avoid creating contractual obligations. This is a big one. Handbooks are guidelines. They are not contracts for employees. And in fact, you want to, and we'll talk about this, have an at-will statement in your handbook. And we'll talk about what that means. But handbooks are not contracts for employment. And you need to be really clear about that. If you have concerns about confidentiality, invention assignments, trade secrets, things of that nature, you want to have a separate, legally-binding contract that you have with the employees that's separate from the handbook.
Same with arbitration. Handbooks are not contracts, and they cannot be enforced like contracts under the law. And for the most part, you don't want them to be, right? Because, usually, with employees, unless they are getting a contract for a specific term, you need to have the option to terminate the employee at any time. And the employee should not have an expectation of continued employment.
As I said earlier, we also want to make sure that the handbooks are easy to follow. So you want to avoid legalese. It's very easy with all of the laws and regulations to get sort of tripped up and maybe copy and paste things right from the statute into a handbook. And in some cases, there might be specific language that you need to have in a policy, but ultimately you want the policy to be easy to understand, and to be able to be interpreted by anyone from any background, with any level of education.
Okay. Let's summarize some must-have policies that should be in your employee handbook. The at-will policy, which we're going to talk about in a moment, an equal employment opportunity, anti-discrimination, and anti-harassment policy, which should include a complaint reporting component for internal complaint reporting procedures. And by the way, states like California, and Illinois, and some other areas even have obligations for employers to notify employees about external complaint reporting and what external resources are available.
You want to make sure that you're covering disability and pregnancy accommodations, your payroll practices, and, in particular, overtime, federal, state, and/or local leave laws, workplace violence and prohibited conduct, technology, devices, and privacy policies, and a drug-free workplace and drug testing policy. So, certainly there are many other policies that you can have in a handbook, but that list includes a lot of the critical ones that we see as particularly important to your regular operations in the workplace.
Erik: Great. So, as Lisa mentioned, one of the most important policies that you want to include at the handbook, and truthfully, when I'm drafting a handbook, I usually put it on page one, right inside the cover, potentially even before the table of contents is a statement that all employees are at-will employees and that nothing in the handbook will create a contract or contractual rights for the employee.
There are cases where employees have tried to argue that the employee handbook has established a term of employment, and then, after a termination, the employee seeks compensation. So, the key to that is to clearly upfront acknowledge that the employee remains at-will, despite anything in the handbook. And that also, the employer has the right to modify or delete anything in the handbook at any time, without any notice. And that's important, not just from a legal perspective to keep that right, but from a practical perspective of the fact that, as Lisa alluded to, these laws change constantly at both a federal, state, and local level.
A diligent employer might be making minor tweaks to their handbook on a very regular basis, and it would be impractical to distribute a new handbook each and every time when a amendment is made. So, reserving the right for the employer to modify the handbook without notice is an important part of the handbook at the outset.
And, usually, right after the at-will acknowledgement, the first real policy, so to speak, of the handbook almost always is an equal-employment opportunity policy. Certain laws like Title VII, the ADA, the ADEA, as well as their state and local counterparts, they require all employers to be equal-opportunity employers in that respect that employment actions should not be taken against any employee because of their protected status, as well as, employees should be free of any kind of harassment or discrimination in the workplace because of their protected status.
Typically, an EEO policy will list out many of the protected statuses that it will apply to. That list can get very long, especially dealing with some states like New York, Illinois, and California. But with that being said, it is a good strategy as an attorney drafting these handbooks to include as many protected statuses as possible. And then from a practical perspective, add in a catch-all of saying, "Any other protected statuses under the applicable law."
With regards to the EEO in some states, again like New York, Illinois, California, they are ... Employers are required to include a complaint procedure. And each state is a little bit different about their requirements. Again, for example, New York requires a form actually be available to employees. And it's important that attorneys drafting these agreements understand those procedures, understand both legally how they're supposed to work, but also practically how they're supposed to work, including who the form will be submitted to, how it will be submitted, and to educate employees through the handbook exactly what they can do in the incident that they have a complaint to report.
And again, one of the most crucial aspects of this is that it can provide a defense in certain circumstances, under certain laws, that an employee did not make a complaint before raising a lawsuit.
So, again, the importance of the complaint process really is, from a legal perspective, to have the employer understand what the allegations are and to enable the employer to intervene and potentially correct the situation before there is a lawsuit or charge of discrimination to the EEOC. And one of the ways that the handbook can help employers in this mission, again, is to provide a clear roadmap for employees to follow in the event that they have something to complain about.
And then, on the flip side, again, if a issue does pop up, that the employer can point to the fact that the employee never raised this, and they had no way of intervening or no way of correcting the action, and that can provide a defense in certain circumstances under certain laws, as well as from a practical perspective establishing in mediation that, "You never complained," and that the employer is willing to intervene and provide the employee with the relief he or she might be [inaudible 00:16:33].
Another important policy, usually at the very outset of the handbook, is a request for accommodation policy. Typically, what we are talking about with accommodations are disability accommodations, which are usually in compliance with the AmErikan Disabilities Act, as well as those amendments and the state and local laws. There's also medical cannabis laws that come into a play that we're going to discuss a little later on. Certain states, as well, require accommodations be made for employees who need to take lactation break. And here, again, is a very important point that employers and their council really need to understand the state and local laws in this respect, because they can be very specific, including down to the exact number of minutes that employees are entitled to. And generally, also, people have a right in the workplace to request religious accommodations and those can be wide-ranging, ranging from days off to observe certain religious holidays, days of worship, as well as accommodations from workplace attire.
So, when it comes to accommodations, much like the complaint process, employers are best-served by establishing a request process in writing, again, because one of the keys here that you're trying to avoid is an employee saying, "You didn't provide me this accommodation that I needed, and that was discriminatory." And the employer is in a better position to say, "We established a process for you to request this accommodation. You didn't use the process. We are under no obligation to provide you this accommodation we did not know you needed," and that's just better served in litigation, and other complaint processes. You really want to make sure that it's clearly labeled, and also provides the employees a clear roadmap of what to follow.
Also important, payroll and compensation. Certain local laws do require disclosure of employee pay information. You also want to set timekeeping requirements, and this is going to be especially important for remote workers that we're going to talk about their complex issues in a little bit. But you want to make sure that employees understand, really, how to clock in and clock out. It sounds like a easy thing to explain, but this is ... Remember, this is going to be their guide during the course of their employment.
And in the event that there is invalid overtime requests, for example, the employee handbook is actually going to be the guide that both the employer and the employee are referring to regarding this. So, it's important to explain the payroll practices directly to the employees, so that way there's no ambiguity regarding how payroll and compensations, all that stuff, is going to work, including time-reporting.
Paycheck deductions. Again, there are certain requirements that employers need to disclose. And typically, a handbook will state that the employer will deduct from the employee's payroll mandatory and voluntary payroll deductions, including any employee benefits should be disclosed to the employee, which are deducted from pay as well as tax and withholdings. You know, even though something might be legally required for the employer, it's best served to disclose to the employees at the outset what is exactly going to be taken out of their paycheck.
And one of the biggest things we're really trying to avoid by enacting a stringent payroll on top policy is really any kind of risks under the Fair Labor Standards Act at the federal level, but then also any of the state wage theft claims. Those claims can be very risky for employers. They usually are brought on a class basis. So this is an area that employers are best served by really looking closely at and making sure, again, you're following not just the federal laws, but also the state and the local laws that govern this aspect.
So, along the same lines of the FLSA, one of the things that's the most important to note is that employees should be told at the outset of their employment, not in the employee handbook itself, but what type of employee they are from an exempt or non-exempt level with regards to whether they'll be paid by a salary or not.
Again, the important thing to know is that, over time, exemptions are determined by the type of work that an employee performs, and the amount they are paid. The salary threshold itself, which in 2019, was increased to $35,568. That salary threshold alone does not entitle the employer to take the exemption. It's actually determined by the type of work it's doing as well. And they have to meet one of the duties tests set out by the DOL.
And it's important to note in the handbook ... And this is where it applies to the handbook, is you want to inform employees, what is the difference between an exempt and a non-exempt employee? Telling employees right off the cusp that, if you're designated as an exempt employee, you won't be eligible for overtime. Or, even the opposite, of telling employees that if they are not exempt and they're paid by the hour, it's especially important to track your hours accurately. So, from their perspective, they are paid fairly for any work that they do. And also from the employer's perspective of avoiding any unforeseen liabilities. The duties test was at one point going to be changed, but the duties test remains intact as it existed prior to the start of the year.
Leave policies, also very, very important to check federal, state, and local leave policies. And this applies to both paid and unpaid. Many local policies, as well as state policies, will be impacted by the actual size of the workforce, as well as the actual location where the employee is working. So, this is a part of the employee handbook where it's pretty common for employers and their attorneys to create state addenda, or even local addenda to capture all the nuances of the law.
For example, the New York state sick leave law is very specific and provides certain requirements that are different, even from other policies that provide the same amount of time, but there's certain restrictions or allowances of uses for sick time. So, it's important to cover all of those laws in your leave policies, again, both paid and unpaid and not just relying on the federal templates that a lot of form handbooks will provide.
And, obviously, as Lisa mentioned at the outset, the COVID-19 pandemic has really changed a lot of this. Some of those laws have gone out of effect, others are still in effect, but with some changes. So, to one perspective, employers might not want to actually include the COVID-specific laws within their handbook, but acknowledging in the handbook that an employee always has the right to take leave in accordance with state and local laws as they operate in the time, it saves the employer some headaches down the road. And the best thing that employers can do is just communicate any changes as these laws come out, seeing what happens in the future.
So, the pre-COVID laws that we're really talking about at the federal level in regards to leave, the two big ones are FMLA, The Family and Medical Leave Act, as well as the AmErikans with Disabilities Act, the ADA. Obviously, state and local laws impact all of these and provide different benefits, but at the federal level, those are the two laws that we're most commonly talking about.
The FMLA, it only applies to employers with 50 or more employees within a 75-mile radius. And that number is calculated during 20 plus calendar work weeks in the current or proceeding calendar year. From a practical perspective, if you are on the cusp of that 50 plus employees, and you're drafting a handbook or counseling a client, it's best to assume that the FMLA will apply. There's case law interpreting that counting requirement ... And it's confusing to say the least. So the FMLA is a policy or a law that allows employees to have unpaid leave. So, from the employer's perspective, what it really is providing is that, for certain medical conditions, the employee has the right to job protection.
And the employee is entitled to that job protection within a 12-month period of 12 weeks, right? Within a 12-month period. And employers can actually set that 12 month period themselves. And that's something that their council drafting their handbook will want to do. Again, it can be a calendar year. It can be from the moment leave is first taken, or it can be any other arbitrary period that the employer might want to set.
And the handbook should list the reasons why somebody would take FMLA leave, and what it's reserved for is employees suffering from a serious health condition, as well as to care for a child or spouse suffering from a severe or serious health condition.
It can also cover birth of a new child, bonding, or placing a child for adoption or foster their care. And again, the handbook should clearly state all of this. And that language is clearly available from the Department of Labor as well.
Importantly, FMLA and PTO. FMLA, as I mentioned, is unpaid, but if employers have a PTO, meaning paid time off policy, for, really, vacation days, the employer can, in certain circumstances, checking state and local laws, typically require employees to take PTO days on the same time as FMLA. So, in a drafting perspective, you would say that the FMLA and PTO request would run concurrently with one another.
Lisa: Thanks, Erik. As Erik mentioned earlier, another policy and law that's really important to consider for your handbook is the ADA or the AmErikans with Disabilities Act. And this requires employers to provide reasonable accommodations to qualified individuals with a disability, which allow the employee to perform their primary job duties. And that's assuming that the accommodation does not cause an undo hardship.
So, what does that really mean? That means that you need to have a policy which tells employees that if they have some sort of disability and they think it's impacting their work or their performance or their primary job duties in any way, they need to contact an appointed person. It's usually someone in human resources, whoever you've identified to be privy to this type of confidential information and encourage them to say, "Hey, I have a condition that's impacting my work, and I need some help."
And that help could be in the form of, for example, a bigger monitor, if it's a visual problem. It could be in the form of a different type of office chair if they have a lumbar issue. It could be in the form of needing a 15-minute break every three hours, or a stool to sit on instead of standing. There's many, many, many accommodations for many different types of disabilities. And the term disability is defined fairly broadly under the ADA. So, many different types of physical and mental health conditions would qualify.
And the important thing is that the policy indicates that when the employee comes to you, which they should do, that you're going to engage in what's all the interactive process and talk to the employee about what their accommodation is, what their disability is, what sort of accommodation they're looking for, and go through this process. And typically, employers are expected to provide an accommodation unless it causes an undue hardship.
What do we mean by undue hardship? Undue hardship is something that is significantly burdensome, whether it's financially, organizationally, something that is obviously not easy to accommodate, but it can't just be sort of annoying, or, "Oh, I have to order this new piece of desktop equipment online," or, "Oh, I have to make sure to move someone's desk to an area near the elevator," or whatever it may be. You have to really think about what kind of hardship it's causing, which brings us to a type of accommodation that I know Erik and I see very often, which are leaves.
A leave of absence is a type of accommodation. And when it comes to your drafting your policies for your handbook, you don't specifically have to state that leave is an accommodation, but it's a good idea to just say very broadly that you, as the employer, will consider all reasonable accommodation requests and provide accommodations that do not create an undue hardship.
So just be aware that there's many different types of requests. The employee does not have to use any magic words, or even submit a request in writing. It's more just about the need for assistance that in a way that impacts their job, and that the employer has an obligation to provide that assistance.
So I mentioned earlier that the term disability is defined fairly broadly under the ADA. And what I mean by that is the disability is something that is a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities. This includes seeing, hearing, speaking, walking, breathing, performing manual tasks, learning, caring for yourself. You know, the list goes on and on. You do not have to put the definition of disability in the handbook, but it's important when crafting this policy and implementing this policy that you have an understanding that it's pretty broad.
Usually, disabilities will qualify for the ADA ... It's kind of hard to think of things that don't qualify as an ADA disability, really depends on the type of care, the way it impacts the employee's lifestyle, whether they're being treated for the disability, there's a number of factors. And it's important to just be open and understanding, and gather the important information to determine if this is an ADA-qualified disability under the law. It's also important to note that pregnancy itself is not a disability, but pregnancy-related conditions may be a disability, right?
So just the fact that someone is pregnant does not mean that they are disabled, but if somebody has any sort of complication or disability related to the pregnancy where the individual either needs some sort of bedrest or needs to sit down or have breaks, or any other many types of accommodations that are possible for individuals who are pregnant, it's important to consider those requests in light of the ADA as well. And your policies should reflect, specifically, that you will consider and make small accommodations for pregnant individuals in addition to other types of disabilities.
So another area that we have touched on that's really critical for employer handbooks are paid sick leave policies. We're just going to keep reemphasizing how critical these policies are just because, not only are they fluctuating and changing and developing fairly rapidly, but we see a lot of new and evolving litigation come out of these policies is when they're not applied correctly and when employees and employers don't understand leave entitlements under the law.
So, New York, Massachusetts, Maryland, New Jersey, Illinois, California, and many other areas have their own state and/or local paid sick leave laws. And it's really important to understand the nuances of these laws in terms of not only how much time paid leave the employees get in a 12 month period, whether it's 40 hours or some other time, but how the time is awarded. Is it front loaded? Is it accrued based on hours worked? How is it tracked? Is it part of a broader paid time off policy? In other words, do you have one bank of leave for vacation, sick, and personal time, or do you separate out vacation and sick time? What happens at the end of the year? Does the leave have to carry over to the next benefit year? Does it get paid out? Is it a use it or lose it policy?
What happens at termination? That's another big one. I've seen a lot of complications come up when employees leave an employer for various reasons, and it's not clear what happens to this leave of sick time or a PTO that wasn't used. Is the employee entitled to it? Well, the laws in place and the case law should shape these policies. And it's really important to be aware of where your employees are working to know which laws apply to them and to make these policies very clear. Equally important is just staying on top of the laws and updating them.
For example, as we hinted that earlier, due to COVID, a number of states and jurisdictions updated their laws to affirmatively say, "If there's a pandemic, you have this type of leave." And whether that's incorporated into the existing, whether that's additional sick leave, whether it's leave to go get a vaccine. There are new and evolving laws that are in place. Some of them are only in place for a finite period of time. For example, through September 2021 or the end of the year, but some are just built into the amended statute, right? And it's to be there because if there is another future pandemic, the government says, "Well, this is what we did in this case with COVID-19, this is what we expect to do in the future." So staying on top of these laws is really critical to understanding your obligations and to being very clear with employees, what type of benefits they have.
And the handbook is a really great tool for that, because guess what? If your HR manager is out one day or you can't get in touch with a certain person who normally processes these leaves, your regular mid-level managers and your employees should be able to reference your employee handbook and interpret what it says and understand what policies apply to them.
So, key items to consider for sick leave policy include permissible reasons for leave under the law. So these leaves, remember, it's not just an employee's own illness, right? There's the illness of an employee's family member. There's regular treatment care, periodic checkups. A lot of policies also even allow leave for childcare care-related events. So some sort of school incident, the parent has to report to, childcare is closed, now there's state of emergency leave. So it's not just an employee's own illness.
Another area that we see covered by certain sick leave laws is domestic violence incidents. So, if somebody needs to obtain some sort of relief for a domestic violence situation, sometimes that's even covered under these policies.
We need to know when the employees become eligible for the leave. So, in a lot of cases, the way the law is structured, when you have a new hire, they start earning or accruing their sick leave on their first day of work, but you don't have to allow them to use it until, say, they've reached 90 days of employment. So, it's important to understand how the leave laws are structured and incorporate those into your policy.
In the example I just gave, if you had a new hire and you said, "Welcome to the job. Guess what? In six months, we'll give you two weeks of leave," that sounds great, but that's not compliant with the law, right? And if that's what your policy says, that would indicate to a court, to a jury, to the DOL or another agency that you do not understand with and are not complying with the law, when perhaps your intention was to give great benefits to your employees and to be compliant. So, it's really important to consider these nuances.
We want to consider the overall leave entitlement for employees, any mandatory carryover of sick leave from one year to the other. For example, in New Jersey, employees are permitted 40 hours of paid sick leave per benefit year, and they can carry over up to 40 accrued and unused hours to the next calendar year. So, in New Jersey and other states, you can't have a policy that says, "Use it or lose it," right? If they have certain amount available to them, then they're allowed to carry it over.
In other states like California, if you front load the sick leave to employees in the state of California, I believe it's 24 hours, and you don't make them accrue it you don't have to have a carryover component into your policy. So it's very nuanced and area-specific. Some states have laws that have certain requirements for pay stubs, or that have certain requirements for how the PTO or ... I'm sorry, the sick time is treated at termination.
We also want to, of course, make sure that the sick leave is consistent with and connected to your call-out and attendance policies. So, this area is really critical. And I know I've seen a lot of employers try to just sort of have a one-size-fits-all policy, because it seems like the easiest thing to do, but, in actuality, when you have employees working in areas where the state laws are so finicky and nuanced, you may need to have supplements or addenda that are location-specific when it comes to sick leave laws.
Another policy that we recommend having in every handbook is a discipline and workplace violence policy. This is recommended by OSHA because it provides examples of conduct that can result in disciplinary action, up to and including termination, such as verbal and physical threats, or any sort of misconduct, insubordination, attendance that's not pre-approved, bringing any sort of weapon to the workplace, of course, falsifying any sort of medical records. What you want to make sure that's clear is that you're providing a non-exhaustive list of examples of conduct that can result in disciplinary action.
And you can talk about progressive discipline. You can give examples of progressive discipline, such as, first, we generally do a verbal warning followed by a written warning, et cetera. And that's all well and good, but you want to make sure that you ultimately say that the decision of how to implement discipline and what discipline you implement is in the discretion of the employer and can be different based on each circumstances that arises.
So you don't want to be tied to a mandatory progressive discipline process or a mandatory grievance process unless it's part of a collective bargaining agreement, right? Because that places a large and unnecessary burden on the employer, and usually is actually more difficult to follow than, of course, when you have a broader, more discretionary policy. We obviously want to make sure that our policies are followed consistently and applied consistently in similar situations.
So, you might have, for example, a policy which generally provides that, let's say, you have employees in a manufacturing plant. If they're absent or they're ... Not absent. If they're late to work X amount of times in a year, that will result in a certain type of verbal, written warning be because you know those instances are going to occur frequently, but you still want to make sure your policy provides flexibility so that you can make any decisions that are necessary for your employees based on the facts and circumstances at hand.
You also want to make sure that there's a complete reporting procedure if there is any suspected incidents of violence or threats in the workplace, whether that's related to a weapon or some other issue. So again, you want your policies to be easy to understand, and you want employees to understand that they should feel comfortable reporting any complaints or concerns regarding conduct of other employees or individuals in the workplace.
Another area that has obviously developed over time, that's critical to address in terms of employment policies is the internet and technology-use policy. Comes under a variety of different names that you might see, but generally, you should have policies concerning your computers, internet, email and company-owned devices. And the most important aspect of that policy is you need to notify your employees that you have the right to monitor employee-use of your devices and servers at any time, and employees have no expectation of privacy when it comes to their use of these devices and servers, whether that's in your office, whether that's a laptop that they took home with them for the weekend, whether that's at a remote work site. If it's company property, including company provided email, it belongs to the company and you can monitor at any time, but you need to provide notice of that to employees so that you can avoid privacy issues under various federal, state, and local privacy laws.
It's also really critical when you talk about your device and use policies that you're preserving all employee data and communication, not only in accordance with laws that require certain preservation of records, but also just so you have the data available to you should an issue with an employee come up.
So let's say an employee is terminated for poor performance on January 1st, and a few months down the line, you receive a lovely letter in the mail from an attorney saying that that employee is now bringing a complaint or a lawsuit against your company. At that point, you don't want to be saying to yourself, "Oh no, I just deleted all of the information and all of the electronic files I had for that individual." We never want to be in that situation. So you want to make sure that your policies are to preserve all data, email communication, even after the employee leaves your employment. Okay.
So I do want to touch on the drug-free workplace and drug testing policies that we see a lot, and that are important to employee handbooks. You should have a policy that says there's zero tolerance for drugs and alcohol in the workplace. You can talk about pre-hire versus post-hire testing policies, including random testing, reasonable suspicion, or incident-based testing. You want to be clear that a positive test result or refusal to submit to a test may result in disciplinary action. And if you provide for some sort of addiction treatment process, what protocol you use for that.
So the take homes are no employer should be tolerating the use of illicit drugs or alcohol in the workplace. And this is what our process is if we suspect that there is drug use, or we're going to test for drug use, this is what the employee should anticipate will happen when these issues arise. And it's important for employees to be on notice about that process, so that in the event it comes up and they don't report to the testing center, they bring some sort of paraphernalia on site or any other number of issues happens and you need to take disciplinary action, you can point to your policy and say, "We told you you were on notice. This is how we treat these issues. And now we're following our protocol and handling things in accordance with our policies."
A really big area that's developing, as we mentioned earlier, is drug testing and cannabis in the workplace. So, this is a very evolving area of the law, but the overall gist of the situation is ... And your policies should say this very clearly, employers do not have to permit employees to use or be under the influence of drugs, including marijuana, at any time that they're working. So just because marijuana is legalized for medicinal or recreational use in your state does not mean that an employee can come light up in the workplace, right?
What it means is if there is a medicinal marijuana use in the state where the employee works, then employers may have to accommodate offsite cannabis use as a reasonable accommodation for a bonafide disability. So, just like any other disability, if an employee, whether through a drug testing process or some other process says, "I need an accommodation from this policy or position that says, 'I can't test positive for marijuana because I use it offsite.' I was prescribed by this doctor. Here's my prescription." You have to consider that and go through your interactive process to determine what a reasonable accommodation may be.
In a lot of areas, it's now illegal to terminate an employee solely because of a positive test for marijuana. The key to the whole formula is, is there impairment in the workplace that impacts that employee's ability to safely do their job or be safe around others? So, so we want to always focus on impairment and that's what our policies should reflect.
Some jurisdictions have completely prohibited the practice of pre-employment drug testing for cannabis, like New York City. So you want to be mindful of your onboarding policies in that regard. And states, as I said, have even gone as far as saying, "Employees cannot be terminated for a lawful use and possession of marijuana." So just be mindful that your policies don't indicate that a failed drug test will always result in termination or discipline, right? Each case should be considered based on the facts at hand and whether or not there was actually impairment coupled with a positive drug test.
When you're reviewing and considering these policies, you want to also think about your reasonable suspicion practices. And that means you reasonably suspect that somebody is under the influence of marijuana or other drugs in the workplace. You want to make sure that your supervisors who observe the behavior are properly documenting the behavior, but also maintaining confidentiality to the extent possible for what they're seeing. So you want to consider having in your policy a requirement that managers who observe any impairment immediately document what they observe and report those incidents to human resources.
So what does this mean for a handbook? It means that your handbook should be updated regularly to reflect current practices and laws. You want to make sure that state law differences are incorporated into your handbook, possibly in a supplement or addendum. You want to make sure that the handbook outlines any practice prohibited by state or local law which amounts to discrimination by itself, or at least to make litigation more difficult. So your handbooks need to be current, right? If something directly conflicts with the current law that's in your handbook, chances are it's going to reflect that you're not in compliance with current standards.
And make sure not to rely on a handbook that's simply forwarded to you from someone else. You know, one of your friends in the industry, because is you don't know where that handbook is coming from, or the last time it was updated to the current standards and current law.
So, we also want to note that there's a number of optional policies for your employee handbooks, including telecommuting policies, social media, workplace romance, dress code, and confidentiality. We're just going to briefly touch on those because we see need them as optional, but we come across them fairly frequently when we're reviewing and preparing handbooks for our clients.
Telecommuting should set forth your expectations regarding business hours and availability of employees and their responsibilities when they're working remotely. One of the keys to these policies is that employees are expected to still be working, obviously, even if they're working from home and that tele commuting is a privilege and not a right. So, it's at the discretion of employer and it's not guaranteed unless you have a position where you're specifically hiring someone to work remotely.
Even the EEOC has commented on teleworking in the post-COVID work environment. And the EEOC has said that employees do not have an automatic entitlement to continued telework once they are called back to work, after being placed on remote work due to COVID. If the employer altered an employee's essential job functions during the period of telework due to COVID, the employer has not permanently changed the position. So, just because you told everyone to go work from home for the last year doesn't mean that you have to keep those employees working from home. But, as we've been talking about, whether you're returning someone to work for the first time now, or you're considering returning someone to work in the future, if an employee raises an accommodation issue, especially if they've been working from home and doing their job just fine from home, you need to make sure you're very carefully following your interactive process before making any determinations about accommodations related to remote work.
Also, be really clear with your remote work policies about prohibiting off-the-clock work. We want to make sure ... Erik talked about your payroll and overtime policies earlier, but employees, obviously, need to be compensated for all hours worked, and we want to make sure that employees are not working you off-the-clock by always being on call, or doing emails, or placing calls outside of their work hours.
The other big area is expense reimbursement for home office supplies. So if you're in a state like California, which has pretty strict laws regarding providing employees with office equipment for when the position is intended to work remotely, you want to make sure that those laws are reflected in your policies. So make sure that you're really clear about the timeframe that employers are working remotely and what equipment will be provided.
Erik: All right. So, with all of that, what can employers do to ensure that they have a productive workforce that is potentially remote? Again, communication's key, and that communication really is through the employee handbook. You also want to make sure that you are training managers to identify certain risks, respond to requests, understanding that the incident of an hourly, non-exempt employee doing off-the-books work just to help somebody out, thinking that they're a team player, understanding that that is a risk that could in turn be an FLSA violation to the company itself. Of course, they didn't know about it in that hypothetical, right? But if it's repeated conduct, ensuring that managers know to step in and, again, informing employees to inform their managers if there is potentially an issue.
And again, be practical when considering accommodation requests. Understand that employees will see that this remote period did work, and understand that the accommodation request that some people might be making might be reasonable in the circumstances, even if that wasn't the employer's view a while ago.
Somewhat related to remote working, social media. The workplace has just expanded right now. It's really everywhere. And nowhere is it more prevalent than social media.
So, employers can in adopt social media policies, providing guidance to employees about social media usage, but one of the most important things is that you don't want to inform employees that they cannot make certain statements about the company, or completely restrict their saying anything about the company on social media.
The employer is usually best served by including, actually, a disclaimer right away that nothing in any kind of social media policy will be considered a violation or even a intention to restrict any employees' rights under the National Labor Relations Act. And that's what we're really worried about when we are talking about a social media policy.
Again, the National Labor Relations Act allows employees to openly discuss their employment with other employees, and also including about wages and other aspects of employment, right? So you want to make sure any kind of social media policy incorporates that, even if the employer wishes that employees would not post negatively about their employment on social media, that's not something that can be outright prohibited under the NLRA.
And understanding that even just that applies not just to unionized employees, but also to non-unionized employees, right? The NLRA does establish certain rights to concerted activity, even for non-unionized employees, even though most people recognize the NLRA really protects employees' rights to self organize and to join and assist labor unions, right? The scope of the law actually can go a lot further than that.
Another optional policy is workplace romance policies. We see those from time-to-time. Certain industries can be more prone to workplace romance than other, right? So, some employers feel more encouraged to include those kind of policies. And what you really want to do in that policy is potentially prohibit outright any kind of relationship between subordinates and managers. That's usually a firm aspect of the policy. But then, also, for other employees, sometimes employers will require disclosure of the relationship. And in certain circumstances, again, reiterating through that policy that the complaint procedures under the harassment policies still apply.
Dress codes. Again, this applies in industries more than others, and even in certain states more than others. And I say that because some states have adopted certain anti-discrimination laws, actually addressing dress codes and things like that, ensuring that employees have a right to wear clothing that's indicative of their heritage or cultural beliefs, as well as certain hairstyles, to wear their natural hair. So, it's a new wave of laws that are coming that employers really need to be mindful of and to make sure to account for in old dress code policies and understanding that those might need revision.
You know, finally, one of the most important things the handbook will do is impose requirements on the employee and make sure they understand their obligations regarding confidentiality of employer information, both during and after their employment, right?
There is good language. Sometimes, there are disclosure that need to be made in certain states regarding Defensive of Trade Secrets Act. But with that being said, the handbook should be educating employees, again, who are coming from various different education levels and backgrounds, educating them that the information they're coming into contact with every day may be confidential, may be proprietary, and that the employer has a right to protect it.
Really, finally, the risky policies, the things we really don't like, anything regarding restricting rights. We talked about that with social media, telling employees what they can and cannot do outside of work. Certain states, particularly New York where I practice a lot, the New York Labor Law specifically says, "employees in all intents and purposes have the right to do whatever is lawful outside of the workplace and the employer can't interfere with that."
So, anything that restricts rights, you want to avoid that. Anything that's impractical, meaning anything that really can't be enforced and stuff that just won't be followed. A policy that's just in the handbook for no reason, really just doesn't do anything, any employer or employee any good what so ever.
Very lastly, the most important thing that sometimes a handbook needs to have in it is the acknowledgment form. And that can be on the last page. It could be a separate document. There are also mobile apps, computer programs, where the employee can digitally sign and acknowledge the handbook. And just like the handbook might be Exhibit A at the litigation or the deposition, the handbook acknowledgment is generally going to be Exhibit B in that what it will say is that the employee read the handbook, understood the handbook, had the opportunity to ask questions, and accepted the terms. And that's also a good point, as well, to include another at-will statement and the fact that the employer has the right to modify the handbook at any time.
So, with that, thank you, everybody. We're going to make ourselves available for any questions if anybody has any with the contact information that's been provided. Thank you. | <urn:uuid:05b18c88-a55b-47e6-8a70-94a0f810ec04> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.quimbee.com/cle/courses/employee-handbook-do-s-dont-s | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.973345 | 11,172 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Krunker is embarking on a short series of articles detailing the Windows Home
Server Release Candidate edition. The first article is entitled "Part 1
- Installing Windows Home Server RC".
"Targeting an August time frame release, Windows Home Server (WHS) is
Microsoft’s first major attempt at providing a centralized server
solution for the digital home. So, why did Microsoft finally decide to
enter this market? It was pretty simple actually - Microsoft saw an
opportunity to deliver a solution to a growing problem in the digital
home. Consumers, more than ever, have a need to store information in a
centralized manner at home. It’s as simple as that. Many more home users
now have broadband connections, home networks, multiple computers,
multiple devices, and much more digital content to deal with than ever
before. The Windows Home Server platform was designed to support just
such a home systems - providing a mechanism by which users could store
and share data in a centralized manner as well as protect content on
their individual PC’s by providing an automatic backup solution. " | <urn:uuid:2bc22462-c0f4-4df7-b49a-d95f8b970f42> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.dvhardware.net/article20029.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00309-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931979 | 234 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Mountains fund celebrates champions of preservation
Pavley, Parks among 11 female honorees
Source of this article, the Thousand Oaks Acorn, May 18, 2017
Spring showers and a Chumash prayer ushered in the who’s who of environmental champions honored at the second annual Santa Monica Mountains Fund spring celebration May 7 at King Gillette Ranch in Calabasas.
Activities were held in the Anthony C. Beilenson Interagency Visitor Center at the ranch.
Organizers of this year’s event showcased the dedication of 11 female leaders whose contributions helped save open space, preserve wildlife habitat, protect endangered plant and animal species, and address myriad other challenges that threaten life in the Santa Monica Mountains.
Sara Nelson Horner, president of the SAMO Fund, talked about Mother Earth.
“This natural world is our mother,” she said. “It’s a safe, good place to be.”
State Sen. Henry Stern opened the festivities, saying that he was inspired to run for office because of the work that local environmentalists tackled over the years. Stern, who worked as a senior policy adviser for state Sen. Fran Pavley, ran for the Senate seat when his boss retired.
“I ran for office because of these mountains,” Stern said. “They’re big enough and important enough to fight for.”
Stern said the current federal administration is proposing cuts to environmental protections and, despite the political climate, environmentalism is about values.
Assembly member Richard Bloom congratulated the group of women on their environmental work.
Kate Kuykendall, the acting deputy superintendent of the National Park Service in Los Angeles, was in attendance, too.
The women honored were called up one by one.
Pavley, the first mayor of Agoura Hills, a two-term assembly member and two- term state senator, has fought for the environment on many fronts over the decades. She authored 160 bills that were signed into law that tackled clean energy, global warming, oil and gas fracking, and greenhouse gas emissions, to name a few.
“ I’m really proud of the Santa Monica Mountains Fund for their good work,” Pavley said.
According to SAMO member Peter Nelson, honoree Beth Pratt Bergstrom, California director of the National Wildlife Federation, has made the mountain lion known as P-22 “a poster boy in the campaign to protect pumas.”
The male cougar known as P-22 became the focus of Pratt Bergstrom’s campaign to build a wildlife crossing in Agoura Hills because he survived a journey from the Santa Monica Mountains across two Los Angeles freeways to his new home in Griffith Park. The cougar is now trapped within the confines of the park with plenty to eat but scant chance of finding a mate in such a small space.
The wildlife crossing, Pratt Bergstrom said, will allow pumas to safely cross into neighboring mountain ranges to expand their territories and genetically diversify.
The other honorees:
Linda Parks, Ventura County supervisor
Mary Sue Maurer, mayor of the City of Calabasas
Rorie Skei, chief deputy director for the Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy
Mary Wiesbrock, founder of Save Open Space
Suzanne Goode, natural resource program manager for the California Department of Parks and Recreation
Julie Newsome, wildlife campaigner and event organizer
Josephine Powe, open space campaigner and advocate
Mary Ellen Strote, writer and Santa Monica Mountains advocate
Nancy Helsley, community environmental education coordinator
Margot Feuer, Jill Swift and Susan Nelson, founding mothers of the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area, were remembered for their work to protect the local mountains for posterity.
Over 100 guests took part in the festivities that included music, food and a silent auction.
Leah Culberg, a member of SAMO and a longtime mountain resident, said the SAMO Fund supports the education, science and resource protection efforts of the National Park Service.
The group, she said, has facilitated over 15,000 visits by fourth-graders to the mountains as part of their “Every Kid in a Park” program and administered a youth program to support college-bound students from underserved communities.
In addition to developing and maintaining mountain trails, the nonprofit group has supported scientific research in the park, including studies on mountain lions and red-legged frogs. | <urn:uuid:89bc7100-e32e-4312-b7d6-a5510f4901e7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://venturacountytrails.org/WP/2017/05/18/mountains-fund-celebrates-champions-of-preservation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.94928 | 932 | 1.617188 | 2 |
You’re in a hurry to get laundry done and you decide to pack your washing machine. It looks overloaded because it is, but you press the button to start the cycles anyways. Did you just make a terrible decision? What happens if you overload your washing machine?
Well, either your clothes aren’t as clean as they can be or you’ll be getting out your checkbook. Let’s explore why you should not overload your washing machine, nor underload your washer for that matter.
What Happens When You Overload Your Washing Machine
The reasons why you should not overload your washing machine range from minor to severe, but minor reasons can compound into a much larger problem.
Clothes Aren’t Clean as They Can Be
That blouse or t-shirt you love so much? You risk ruining it by overloading your washer. For starters, throwing too much bleach into the mix can cause streaking if the bleach can’t pass through the clothing; it sits on the clothing rather than travel around. The same goes for detergent. If it can’t get to your clothing, because it’s so packed, the cleaning solution can’t properly clean your clothing.
Your Clothes Come Out Wet
Washers are very simple machines—water comes into the washer, it spins a few times in an attempt to wet all the clothing, rinse and repeat until your clothing is washed. Here’s the problem: overloading your laundry compresses the space between the clothing and prevents the water from traveling through. What you end up getting is a load of laundry that is soaked because the water couldn’t escape the clothing.
You avoid this problem by loading your laundry by as much as three-fourths of the washer’s drum—where the clothing goes. Alternatively, you can go by the weight as well, but generally speaking, it ends up being about three-fourths anyways.
You Risk Breaking the Machine
There’s nothing that will throw your washer into a funk than overloading it. The drum of the machine, where your clothes go, is set to rotate. Like the alignment of the wheels of your car, pushing it out of alignment will result in an incorrect rotation. If the washing machine doesn’t spin right, the tub bearings experience additional strain and machine failure occurs. Worst of all, your wallet feels the worst of it when you’re buying a new washing machine.
Let’s not forget that an overloaded washing machine doesn’t drain water properly—it’s trapped in the clothing due to improper rinse cycles—and can leak into the inner workings like the motor. If the motor’s damaged, the cycles slow, and then you have to make an order for a new washer.
Underloading Doesn’t Help Either
On the other end of the spectrum, throwing in a few articles of clothing isn’t going to help either. Too much weight on one side can throw the washer off-balance during the spin cycle. Not an ideal situation when your washer starts tap dancing. Oh, not to mention a terrible waste of money—water and detergent was used—energy, and your time.
If you’re washing, say, a bed sheet, you need to spread it out as evenly as possible. Don’t toss it to one side and then wonder why it’s thumping against your wall.
Stop Overloading Your Washing Machine!
If you’re always having problems with your washing machine, you need to know whats causing the issue and if you’ll need to get the washing machine repaired or replaced. Having a working washing machine is crucial for any home.
If you want to save $100s on Home Repair, learn the most important home maintenance procedures, and increase the value of your home, you can download our Home Improvement Solutions book now. With it, you’ll learn about a wide range of home maintenance and improvement topics, and you’ll be able to make your home a better place to live in. There are also a bunch of tips in there that’ll save you loads of time and money when it comes to repairs, DIY, and general home hacks that you can’t find anywhere else.
Whether you are a new homeowner, have owned a home for years, renting, or just love home repair and improvement topics, our guide will give you an in-depth explanation of many everyday home maintenance procedures. A lot of our readers use this book to increase the value of their homes, and they’ve saved a lot of money on things like repair that would have cost a professional handyman $100s of dollars.
It’s totally understandable to see a large load of laundry and wanting to get it over with; you got errands to run and events to attend. But, unfortunately, acting on that impulse frequently is only going to cost you big bucks in the end when you’re shopping for a new washer, even more than the cost of doing several loads of laundry rather than one overloaded one.
In other words, stick to what your washer can handle and your washer will treat you right. Being at or around the magic number is fine and a few extra pounds over it’s ‘limit,’ isn’t going to hurt it. For example, if your washer has a limit of 20 lbs, 25 lbs of laundry isn’t going to make much of a difference. But 30 lbs and more? You’re pushing the machine to its breaking point. If you want, use a bathroom scale and a hamper to weigh your laundry. A good rule of thumb is no more than three-fourths of the drum. | <urn:uuid:ce7073aa-ccc0-47be-8362-3d632ef61224> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://homebli.com/what-happens-if-you-overload-your-washing-machine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.933754 | 1,211 | 1.898438 | 2 |
This installment of IDEAS CITY is devoted to the exploration of Untapped Capital. The mayors on this panel have interpreted Untapped Capital in their own, individual ways. For some cities, Untapped Capital might be neighborhoods; for others, the arts. Governmental efficiency and green power offer reserves of Untapped Capital, while "downtown" revitalization and transit expansion may have proven less stable resources. How does a city's history become Untapped Capital and how deeply is a city's identity tied to its resilience? The mayors will cite specific examples of their utilization of Untapped Capital from their tenures while also considering the context of their cities within a larger national and international framework.
Manuel (Manny) Diaz, Former Mayor of Miami
Christophe Girard, Mayor of Paris' 4th District; Former Deputy Mayor for Culture of Paris
Jim Gray, Mayor of Lexington
Bill Purcell, Former Mayor of Nashville
Will Wynn, Former Mayor of Austin
Moderator: Kurt Andersen, Host, Studio 360; Cofounder and Editor, Spy magazine
Host of public radio’s Peabody Award–winning Studio 360, Kurt Andersen is also cofounder and editor of Spy magazine. He is a regular contributor to Vanity Fair, the New York Times, New York, and Time, and has authored three novels, the most recent being True Believers (2012).
Manuel (Manny) Diaz served as Mayor of Miami from 2001–09. During his tenure, Diaz re-engineered the city’s government and developed the vision of Miami as an international city. His innovative programs included such areas as urban design, sustainability, and infrastructure investment. He was a Resident Fellow at Harvard’s Institute of Politics and is author of the upcoming book Miami Transformed: Rebuilding America One Neighborhood, One City at a Time.
Former CEO for Yves Saint Laurent and Director of Strategy for LVMH, Christophe Girard served as Deputy Mayor of Paris in charge of Culture from 2001 until 2012. During his term, he created such memorable initiatives as the annual “Nuit Blanche” celebration. In 2012, Girard became Mayor of the 4th District of Paris. He is a member of the French Socialist party, an author, an advocate for gay parenting, and a wine producer.
As former CEO of one of the nation’s top ten builders of manufacturing facilities, Jim Gray brings a business paradigm to city government. Tackling budget deficits of $35 million, Gray has instituted tough cuts and innovative solutions. He is also redefining downtown Lexington as an arts and cultural district, and established a partnership with the Mayor of Louisville to create a manufacturing and technology super region.
As Mayor of Nashville (1999–2007), Bill Purcell oversaw the city’s unprecedented economic expansion. During his tenure, Nashville was ranked the number one city for corporate headquarters and twice ranked as the hottest city in America for expansion and business relocation. Purcell has had a long relationship with Harvard University including a stint as Director of the Institute of Politics.
Elected as Austin’s fiftieth mayor in 2003, Will Wynn served two terms. With an academic background in Environmental Design, Wynn’s climate protection plan for Austin is one of the country’s most aggressive for reducing greenhouse gases. In addition to a successful plan for transformative change in downtown Austin, Wynn also nurtured the city’s creative community with the Keep Austin Weird initiative. | <urn:uuid:ed758aaf-aabc-4c87-b3db-ff73e27fe0ac> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://library.fora.tv/2013/05/02/the_city_and_untapped_capital | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00469-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950286 | 715 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Rigid polyurethane foam distributed by Crossroads C&I has been used for the insulation and protection of pipes for more than 30 years. It is now more widely used than ever, increasingly displacing alternative materials. One of the most popular areas of use is for district heating systems, where it is the insulant of first choice for many specifiers. Other common uses are in:
- On and offshore oil and gas pipelines
- Heating and plumbing services for power stations, chemical plants and refineries
- Dairy industry applications
- District cooling systems
- Special applications i.e. swimming pool pipelines
Polyurethane foam's popularity is based on its outstanding insulation properties, which prevent heat loss, or alternatively maintain temperatures in cold environments to prevent freezing or cracking. These energy conservation qualities improve the overall cost efficiency of customers' networks.Other important characteristics include high mechanical strength, adhesion, flexibility and good flow-ability, necessary for the consistent fill and insulation of pipe sections.
It is a material with a proven track record for reliability, durability and efficiency. Versatility is demonstrated by the ability to insulate over an extremely wide range of temperatures, from the extreme cold of -196°C to the intense heat of more than 150°C. | <urn:uuid:1b52a0b6-bb73-4289-af68-7ad9fb6144d2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.hotfrog.ca/business/ab/edmonton/crossroads-c-i/oilfield-supply-products-169313 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00489-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92718 | 259 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Inclusivity comes firstAugust 2, 2013 Social Climate by Mahar Mangahas (Philippine Daily Inquirer) August 2, 2013
In a recent forum about the future of the conditional cash transfer or “Pantawid” program, I began my comments by saying that I don’t really like the term “inclusive growth.”
What I favor is inclusivity, period. For a Rawlsian like me, more inclusivity is socially preferable to less inclusivity, regardless of growth.
Rawlsians are followers of the great philosopher John Rawls (1921-2002), author of “A Theory of Justice” (Harvard, 1971). Rawls imagined a global community of unborn souls, who know how the world works, but who do not know what will be their personal heritages at birth—their gender, race, nationality, socioeconomic status, religion, and so forth—due to a so-called “veil of ignorance.”
Rawls argued that the type of social contract freely acceptable to such ignorant souls would express minimum expectations, or rights, for all. Thus, the social contract would ban slavery and discrimination by race, gender, religion, etc. Its minimum economic expectation would be expressed by a poverty line. Economic wellbeing would be measured by the state of the poor or disadvantaged. The state of the rich would be irrelevant, except in cases where enjoyment of an advantage by the rich thereby improves the well-being of the poor.
Here is a recognizably Rawlsian definition: “Social justice, for us Filipinos, means a coherent, intelligible system of law, made known to us, enacted by a legitimate government freely chosen by us, and enforced fairly and equitably by a courageous, honest, impartial, and competent police force, legal profession and judiciary, that, first, respects our rights and our freedoms both as individuals and as a people; second, seeks to repair the injustices that society has inflicted on the poor by eliminating poverty as rapidly as our resources and ingenuity permit; third, develops a self-directed and self-sustaining economy that distributes its benefits to meet, at first, the basic material needs of all, but particularly for the lower-income groups, with time enough and space to allow them to take part in and to enjoy our culture; fourth, changes our institutions and structures, our ways of doing things and relating to each other, so that whatever inequalities remain are not caused by those institutions or structures, unless inequality is needed temporarily to favor the least favored and its cost is borne by the most favored; and fifth, adopts means and processes that are capable of attaining these objectives.”—Jose W. Diokno, “A Nation for Our Children” (1983).
Pantawid is the only antipoverty program that has a formal, technical, system of targeting individual poor families (see my “Pantawid: 71 percent bull’s-eyes,” Inquirer, 7/20/2013). Extending this targeted program signals government sincerity in helping the poor. Stopping the program signals the opposite.
Pantawid is designed to produce significant improvements in incomes of the poor when the beneficiary children enter the work force. This will be after a few years, not immediately. The children would then be healthier and better schooled than their parents were at the same stage of life. The government should make projections of future income-poverty, for alternative scales of Pantawid.
But poverty should be evaluated realistically and compassionately. Poverty has degrees. It is a matter of more or less, not merely present (“poor”) or absent (“not-poor”). For the same amount of added income, helping a family in deep poverty should count for more than helping one in shallow poverty. Helping the near-poor must also count for something.
Bear in mind that the official poverty line is very stingy. One result is that, in the National Capital Region as of the first semester of 2012, the officially poor families are only 3.8 percent and the officially food-poor families are only 1.1 percent. Is it true that NCR poverty is virtually extinguished? I don’t think so.
The poor don’t eat statistics, obviously. Stomachs don’t get fuller simply by lowering the official food-poverty line. Neither are they emptier simply because SWS’ hunger figures are higher than official ones. The function of statistics is to give meaningful, reliable, and, above all, timely signals about what is happening.
To make its poverty line realistic, the government should also make “non-food menus” to show minimum needs for electricity, water, housing, clothing, and public transportation. Charitable organizations know about such standards. I think local governments and people’s organizations should also monitor Pantawid inclusion and exclusion, set their own poverty lines, and estimate poverty in their own areas.
At the forum, Social Welfare Secretary Dinky Soliman said that planning for the extension of Pantawid had begun as early as 2011, midway into the program. High school students will get P500 per month, versus the present P300 for elementary students. The Pantawid extension will add two million children, age 15-18, to the current 8.5 million of all ages in the program. The extra funding was made possible by the improvement in the government’s credit rating.
* * *
The paper “After five years of Pantawid, what next?” by Vicente Paqueo, Aniceto Orbeta, Tarsicio Castañeda and Chris Spohr was presented at the Philippine Institute for Development Studies on July 31, 2013. Dr. Paqueo is the top Filipino specialist on conditional cash transfers. The paper is available from PIDS.
* * *
Contact SWS: or firstname.lastname@example.org.
Read more: http://opinion.inquirer.net/
Follow us: @inquirerdotnet on Twitter | inquirerdotnet on Facebook | <urn:uuid:bec08215-90c3-4d8a-9045-f0f34977010b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.fef.org.ph/mahar-mangahas/inclusivity-comes-first/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00420-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94903 | 1,289 | 1.710938 | 2 |
BOSTON (CBS) – Many of us maybe looking forward to the warmer temperatures, but there is a concern that too much warmth too fast may cause the return of spring river flooding.
Record January snowfall has the region covered and weighted down. Near-record snow depth in spots is comparable to the snow cover in February 1978.
Ellen from Tewksbury Declared her Curiosity, asking “With all this snow we have had this winter, will we be having trouble with flooding come next spring?
This heavy snow has caused numerous roof collapses, but that is not our only problem. Our snow pack currently has an estimated 6-8″ of water in it. The combination of heavy rain and warmth could be just what it takes to release all this water into the streams and rivers.
WBZ-TV’s Joe Joyce reports.
“All the precipitation is currently locked up in the snow and the rivers are running at normal levels for now,” said Gardner Bent, a hydrologist.
Bent is a hydrologist for the US Geological survey. He monitors river stream flow in 100 stations across the state
“If we get a rainstorm of a few inches we get minor flooding. But with 4-10″ already in the snow, any kind of rain would lead to moderate to high flooding problems,” said Bent.
A dry stretch with temperatures in the 40’s are the perfect conditions for a gradual melt. That appears to be likely heading into next week.
Still, emergency officials are cautious and starting to make preparations for the possibility of more spring river flooding.
Bent says those who have suffered river flooding in the past are the most vulnerable to more river flooding in the near future. Though, there is no immediate flood threat. He says there is elevated risk this season because of the heavy snow. | <urn:uuid:d11593c7-55d4-4403-ac1e-6b9c7850f456> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://boston.cbslocal.com/2011/02/07/curious-about-warm-weather-and-spring-flooding/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00364-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967548 | 382 | 2.3125 | 2 |
When stress is experienced by someone, it disrupts the signals in the prefrontal cortex of their brain, which interferes with their brain's ability to retain short-term memory.
New York City, NY (PRWEB) April 28, 2013
It has long been known that stress can be a huge distraction for people when they're trying to accomplish things that need to get done. In fact, stress can get so overwhelming that people either lose their sense of organization or simply forget what the next item on their list is.
According to a study conducted by psychologists from the University of Wisconsin (Madison), stress does in fact do all of that, and more. To understand why, it's necessary to start with the fact that memory is composed of several components, the two primary elements being the short-term and long-term memory. These different kinds of memories rely on very specific neurons in the brain. When stress is experienced by someone, it disrupts the signals in the prefrontal cortex of their brain, which interferes with their brain's ability to retain short-term memory.
This interruption often accounts for a stressed person’s difficulty in focusing on the task at hand, or in simply remembering what else should be done next. According to the research results, although interference with the prefrontal cortex will not necessarily affect your memories in general, it will definitely affect your attention span. Because concentration is key to a good memory, having a well-organized prefrontal cortext is an integral component when you're trying to improve your memory.
Explained psychology professor Craig Berridge, “People without a prefrontal cortex are very distractible. They’re very impulsive. They can be very argumentative.” Distractions are one of the top barriers to memory, and this study affirms what the developers of Ultimate Memory Software have concluded: stress does have a negative effect on memory improvement. Although the eReflect has produced a very reliable program that can help people improve their short-term memories, Ultimate Memory, they believe that no matter how effective their program is, it's also extremely important for the software's users to learn how to deal with their own stress, and eliminate it as much as possible from their lives.
Stress is not altogether avoidable, of course, but at the same time this isn't a problem that is necessarily unsolvable. And it's important to solve the problem as much as possible. This study confirms that stress can have a devastating affect on a person’s life, not only on their personal affairs, but even in the way their memory functions.
Finding a way to deal with stress, therefore, ought be at the top of everyone's list. It's an added benefit that it will provide them with sharper memories in the end as well.
For more information on how Ultimate Memory software can help, please visit: http://www.ultimatememory.com
About Ultimate Memory™
Ultimate Memory™ is the market’s leading memory improvement software package.
Scientifically proven to improve memory with as little as ten minute’s user per day, Ultimate Memory™ is also backed by an iron-clad guarantee.
Containing many innovative strategies, tutorials, tips and exercises, users benefit from a myriad of varied ways to learn. | <urn:uuid:727ce836-daec-453d-b73e-fc555e7709b9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.prweb.com/releases/prweb2013/4/prweb10660807.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00298-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959782 | 673 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Common name: Spiked Goodenia
Goodenia stelligera R.Br. APNI*
Description: Erect herb to 60 cm high, glabrous, with adventitous roots.
Leaves mostly basal from a stock, linear to oblanceolate, 5–25 cm long, 1–12 mm wide, usually glossy, margins entire or denticulate, thick; sessile.
Flowers in thyrses or spikes on almost leafless scapes; stalks almost obsolete except sometimes the lowest ones, bracteolate. Sepals linear, 4–5 mm long. Corolla 13–15 mm long, yellow, with whitish cottony and yellow stellate hairs outside, almost glabrous inside, with enations, indistinctly auriculate; wings 1.5–2.5 mm wide. Indusium transverse-oblong.
Fruit obovoid, 5–9 mm long; valves 2, bifid; seeds elliptic, c. 1.5 mm long, brown, reticulate-pitted.
Flowering: chiefly August–February
Distribution and occurrence: Grows in swamps on sandstone, north from Braidwood district.
NSW subdivisions: NC, CC, SC, CT, ST
Other Australian states: Qld
Text by R. C. Carolin
Taxon concept: Flora of NSW 3 (1992)
APNI* Provides a link to the Australian Plant Name Index (hosted by the Australian National Botanic Gardens) for comprehensive bibliographic data
***The AVH map option provides a detailed interactive Australia wide distribution map drawn from collections held by all major Australian herbaria participating in the Australian Virtual Herbarium project. | <urn:uuid:0d447ddc-bc4c-415d-8330-2c5a1f704929> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Goodenia~stelligera | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00500-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.806888 | 368 | 2.328125 | 2 |
CHICAGO (Reuters) - The latest data from a long-running study of hormone therapy suggest that women who started taking hormone replacements within five years of menopause were 30 percent less likely to develop Alzheimer's disease than women who started years later.
The findings, reported Wednesday in the journal Neurology, add to evidence indicating that taking hormones around the time of menopause may be doing more than just helping women cope with hot flashes and night sweats.
"Our results suggest that there may be a critical window near menopause where hormone therapy may possibly be beneficial," Peter Zandi of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, one of the study leaders, said in a statement.
The findings come as menopausal women and their doctors continue to parse out the risks and benefits of hormone replacement therapy.
Most researchers agree that hormone replacements do not protect women from diseases of aging, and taking these drugs for long periods of time are associated with significant risks, including breast cancer, heart disease and gall bladder disease.
Earlier this week, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force reaffirmed its 2005 guidelines recommending against the treatment as a way to prevent chronic disease.
But the influential advisory panel did not weigh in on the use of hormones to treat symptoms of menopause, a practice many professional societies endorse as long as the drugs are prescribed at the lowest possible dose for the shortest period of time.
The most definitive study on hormone replacement therapy to date comes from the Women's Health Initiative. The large, randomized trial was stopped early in 2002 when it became clear that women who were taking a combination of estrogen and progestin for five years had higher rates of ovarian cancer, breast cancer, strokes and other health problems.
A related study known as the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study also showed an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease in women who took hormone therapy.
The findings came as a shock to many doctors and their patients, who thought the study would show a protective benefit. Prescriptions of hormone treatments plummeted, with sales of Wyeth's combination estrogen and progestin pill Prempro cut in half since 2001 to around $1 billion a year. Wyeth is now owned by Pfizer.
Because the average age of women in the Women's Health Initiative study was 63, several years past menopause, questions remain about whether the findings apply to younger women.
30 PERCENT LOWER RISK
Zandi and colleagues decided to investigate whether the timing of starting hormone replacement therapy had any effect.
Their findings come from the Cache County Study on Memory, Health, and Aging, a study backed by the National Institute on Aging that has been following nearly all of the residents of Cache County, Utah, over age 65 since the study began in 1995.
Earlier results of the Cache County study published in 2004 had suggested that hormone treatments might help reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
So, the team turned back to this population, looking specifically at the timing of when women started taking hormone therapy and their risk of Alzheimer's disease.
Zandi's team followed 1,768 women ages 65 and older for 11 years. A total of 1,105 women had used hormone therapy, which consisted of estrogen alone or estrogen in combination with progestin.
During the study, 176 women developed Alzheimer's disease, including 87 of the 1,105 women who had taken hormone therapy compared with 89 of the 663 who had not.
The study found that women who began hormone therapy within five years of menopause had a 30 percent lower risk of Alzheimer's dementia than those who had not used hormone therapy.
There was no change in the risk among other hormone users who had begun treatment more than five years after menopause, but they did find a higher risk of dementia among women who started combined estrogen and progestin at age 65 or older.
Zandi said the study findings support the so-called timing hypothesis - that earlier treatment with hormones may be beneficial while later treatment may be harmful.
The findings don't prove that the hormone therapy is responsible for the effects seen. Other factors could be common to all the women who chose to use hormones earlier in menopause, and the same could be true of those who started therapy later.
"It doesn't prove the hypothesis, " Zandi said. "But it does suggest there might be something to it that merits further investigation."
Given that there are no treatments that can alter the course of Alzheimer's disease, Zandi said a 30 percent reduction would be meaningful, if it proves to be real.
For now, however, the results should not be used to make treatment decisions, said Dr. Victor Henderson of Stanford University, who wrote an editorial on the study.
"The consideration of whether or not to use hormone therapy in midlife shouldn't be driven by concerns for Alzheimer's disease risk," Henderson said in a telephone interview.
But, he said, as women seeking treatment for menopausal symptoms weigh the other benefits and risks that go along with the decision, the Cache County study may offer evidence of another potential benefit, rather than an added risk.
Most professional societies advise against hormone therapy for chronic disease prevention, including the American Heart Association, the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the American Academy of Family Physicians. | <urn:uuid:2e91ba3f-4999-4d77-be20-903e21892449> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.lifescript.com/health/centers/menopause/news/2012/10/25/hormone_therapy_tied_to_alzheimers_risk_in_menopausal_women.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00330-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964953 | 1,080 | 2.53125 | 3 |
I was just wondering how your child with a disablility was treated in the public school system. Did you have to fight for their therapies, IEP, etc.Answer Question
We're fortunate that when my son aged out of ECI, they got him set up for his assessment with school district. Now that he's in the Early Childhood School for Speech and Language Delay with Social/Emotional Difficulty there shouldn't be an issue with continuing services when he starts Kindergarten. My SIL however had to fight tooth and nail for her son to be tested for ADHD when he was in the 3rd grade. It's easier when you're just going into the system to get the help your child needs instead of midstream.
Answer by Anonymous at 8:32 PM on Oct. 30, 2008
We had no issues but my son was receiving full day special ed services from the time he turned three. Advanced speech delay, social delay, fine and gross motor delays. Visual motor integration problems, spacial perception difficulty and to top the list..he was dyslexic. He was mainstreamed in the 7th grade. In the 9th they told me in an IEP meeting IN FRONT OF MY CHILD that he would never get out of 9th grade. My son graduated high school in 2004 and has gone on to complete Fire Academy and EMT school. When he graduated I allowed him to address an announcement for his graduation to THAT counselor..he put a hand written not in it that said "B***h remember me"
Answer by GrnEyedGrandma at 8:55 PM on Oct. 30, 2008
Answer by Anonymous at 9:44 PM on Oct. 30, 2008
Answer by shmorris56 at 12:23 AM on Oct. 31, 2008
Answer by monica277 at 4:59 AM on Oct. 31, 2008
Next question overall
Gestational diabetic - should you call your doctor if your numbers are high?? | <urn:uuid:371cf20b-c9ee-442f-8b57-31a7f4d1c7e4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cafemom.com/answers/62403/how_did_the_public_school_system_treat_your_child_with_disabilities | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00059-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.981969 | 403 | 1.65625 | 2 |
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The producers of An Inconvenient Truth offered American classrooms up to 50,000 copies of their movie for free but they were rejected over fears that it would piss off Exxon-Mobil, one of the National Science Teachers Association biggest supporters.
In their e-mail rejection, they (NSTA) expressed concern that other “special interests” might ask to distribute materials, too; they said they didn’t want to offer “political” endorsement of the film; and they saw “little, if any, benefit to NSTA or its members” in accepting the free DVDs.
Gore, however, is not running for office, and the film’s theatrical run is long since over. As for classroom benefits, the movie has been enthusiastically endorsed by leading climate scientists worldwide, and is required viewing for all students in Norway and Sweden.
Still, maybe the NSTA just being extra cautious. But there was one more curious argument in the e-mail: Accepting the DVDs, they wrote, would place “unnecessary risk upon the [NSTA] capital campaign, especially certain targeted supporters.”
One of those supporters, it turns out, is the Exxon Mobil Corp. | <urn:uuid:9731228a-56c5-4953-b347-11454f4ec1a5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blogulate.com/content/teachers-choose-monetary-benefits-over-truth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00274-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959231 | 271 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Bale, Anthony, ed. (2009) St Edmund, King and Martyr: changing images of a medieval Saint. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell & Brewer. ISBN 9781903153260.Full text not available from this repository.
St Edmund, king and martyr, supposedly killed by Danes [or `Vikings'] in 869, was one of the pre-eminent saints of the middle ages; his cult was favoured and patronised by several English kings and spawned a rich array of visual, literary, musical and political artefacts. Celebrated throughout England, especially at the abbey of Bury St Edmunds, it also inspired separate cults in France, Iceland and Italy. The essays in this collection offer a range of readings from a variety of disciplines - literature, history, music, art history - and of sources - chronicles, poems, theological material - providing an overview of the multi-faceted nature of St Edmund's cult, from the ninth century to the early modern period. They demonstrate the openness and dynamism of a medieval saint's cult, showing how the saint's image could be used in many and changing contexts: Edmund's image was bent to various political and propagandistic ends, often articulating conflicting messages and ideals, negotiating identity,politics and belief.
|School or Research Centre:||Birkbeck Schools and Research Centres > School of Arts > English and Humanities|
|Date Deposited:||06 May 2011 09:04|
|Last Modified:||17 Apr 2013 12:17|
Archive Staff Only (login required) | <urn:uuid:13650de7-bac5-40db-a8ad-558b964183cc> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/1336/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718423.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00272-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.901118 | 331 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Des Fitzgerald writes:
“I thought I knew a lot about autism, because I’d read a lot about autism, I’d heard a lot about autism – actually I was utterly unprepared for it […] here was thing I was really passionate about and interested in intellectually. And then it hit me in the stomach.”
This quote comes from an interview that I did with a senior autism research a couple of years ago. We were sitting in a coffee-shop in north London, more or less at the start of my PhD, and I was vaguely trying to steer the conversation around to my research questions – while trying, as you do, not to just ask them outright (although in my case this was more from embarrassment at how vague the questions still were, and not the product of any kind of methodological commitment). I was basically interested in the ways that cognitive neuroscientists and psychologists had come to understand and do research on a thing called ‘autism.’ I wanted to know how they conceived of it, and talked about it, and worked on it – and what difference this made anyway. My problem, neither new nor original, is that I had really no idea how to bring this up in conversation. And so, to buy time as much as anything else, I began starting interviews with an autobiographical opener: tell me how you first got interested in autism research.
Lots of people, of course, talked about books they’d read, or courses they’d taken, or questions they’d always had, and so on. But other people – and the quote at the top was one such – didn’t at all recall their entry into autism research as a basically intellectual inquiry. Their stories, in fact, were much more emotionally and affectively committed, much more entangled with feelings, and bodies, and intensities. There was the young researcher who told me a long story about a mother and son who had participated in her research – an interaction that she found ‘heart-breaking,’ and that she had really tried not to take home with her. Another talked about the role of empathy in her work, and the importance of her ‘love’ for the children and the families she worked with. A medical imager told me that what distinguished his work was worrying about ‘the way people feel,’ while another said, ‘it’s not just a job, you’re dealing with people’s lives’ – before telling me: ‘I hope I have a purpose in life.’
I was really struck by this way of talking about the basic work of autism neuroscience. I went on to write about these accounts in much more detail in a recent paper, where I argued that ‘thinking about, the neurobiology of autism is often an emotional and an affective labour too.’ Of course, I don’t think anyone would be especially shocked by this suggestion. And I am not trying to perform any kind of ‘gotcha’ about the emotional commitments of neuroscientific researchers. But I think there is a lot more to be said, in general, about the traffic between states that we might variously understand as cognitive or affective, and the degree to which, in scientific spaces too, thinking something is not so easily separable from feeling it. It’s certainly true that my paper is based on after-the-fact interviews, tangled not so much in mundane laboratory practice, but in the work of memory, and autobiography, that help to bring that practice into understanding. But I think there is still some room to wonder how much of our intellectual labours are actually bound up in these exchanges between thought, feeling, and memory – and I also want to know why we don’t talk about them more often, or more openly, or in more formal spaces.
This last point is important. If researchers were fairly forthcoming with me in an anonymous interview, still these emotional and affective qualities receive little attention in the broader public discourse about cognitive neuroscience. And yet, as the historians Lorraine Daston and Peter Galison remind us, the imagination of good scientific work as always impersonal and distanced is not particularly old, nor is it an ever-present. How does this help us to re-consider more public arenas, and especially those that address the neuroscience of psychological and psychiatric categories, in which neuroscientific work is sometimes authorized through a rhetorical move that distances it from the vagaries of the soft and the subjective? I wonder if instead we could begin to imagine a different way of authorizing neuroscience, and if we could think more about some of the (good and positive) ways that researchers use their subjectively-experienced bodies and feelings to come to understand, and to interact with, the objects of their research.
I think there are possibilities here: there has been talk, lately, about the emergence of the ‘affect wars‘ – between (I put this very crudely) social scientists and humanists moved by the possibility of a felt, embodied layer of knowledge, deeply entangled with what we understand as a conscious awareness, and colleagues who remain sceptical of (what they see sometimes see as) older biological-essentialist rhetorics, now dressed in new theoretical clothing. In a recent intervention, the anthropologist Emily Martin suggests that allying cultural theory with neuroscience might miss what we have long known about the problems and contestations of psychological experiment. I am no affect theorist, but I wonder if these stories offer a different possibility: they ask us to remember that neuroscience too, and as much as any other human endeavour, is bound up in exchanges that are at once cultural and biological, articulated and embodied; that neuroscience is thus not outside of, but (sometimes) acutely sensitive to, the emotional and cognitive commerce that makes up so much intellectual labour; and that, finally then, affect’s invitation might be not so much to think from a neuroscientific research practice, but in a much more complex and interesting way, to think through and with it. Isn’t that where the conversation should be going?
Des Fitzgerald is a sociologist of neuroscience, autism, affect, science & technology studies. He is currently working on neuroscientific evidence as a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Center for Interacting Minds at Aarhus University. His article “The affective labour of autism neuroscience: Entangling emotions, thoughts and feelings in a scientific research practice” was published in Subjectivity (2013) 6, 131–152, and is available here. | <urn:uuid:11d6d2b2-7a6e-4999-b417-3f832918f63f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://medicalhumanities.wordpress.com/2013/06/03/and-then-it-hit-me-in-the-stomach-on-the-affective-and-emotional-qualities-of-neuroscience/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00141-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977161 | 1,350 | 1.523438 | 2 |
“Are you one of those guys that zips past me in stopped traffic?”
“That looks so dangerous! Aren’t you scared?”
“One of these days, I’m just going to open my door…”
California motorcyclists hear stuff like this a lot, as it seems that many California motorists have a real problem with motorcyclists lane-splitting.
Sucks to be them. Not only can they not bypass stopped and slowed traffic—and spare themselves hundreds of hours a year stuck in the endless jams that snarl California roadways—they can’t stop us from doing it. After all, despite the fact that we’re in America, where if ‘what I’m doing isn’t affecting you, so mind your own business’ is supposedly a way of life, we still like to punish those who are having fun we can’t (or won’t) have, whether it’s assault rifles, heroin, barbecuing spotted owls or riding on two wheels (or one wheel). Unlike some of those other activates, lane-splitting* is legal in California.
“Lane Splitting” is the commonly used term for riding a motorcycle or scooter between two lanes of slow or stopped traffic. It’s not a legal term—it appears nowhere in the California Vehicle Code (CVC), nor do terms like “white lining,” “lane sharing,” “Botts Dotting” or “Moto Oreo-ing.”** Motorcyclists have probably been doing it since there were two cars and a motorcycle, and in most countries, it’s not just tolerated—it’s expected.
Here in the USA, that’s another story. Only in California is it both legally and culturally tolerated. But why? That would take a legal historian to determine, but the California Highway Patrol (CHP) energetically denies it ever maintained the position that it permitted lane-splitting so air-cooled motorcycles wouldn’t overheat in traffic jams. The CHP also states it has never come out either for or against lane-splitting. My guess is since most of California never gets too hot or too cold to ride in, and it’s constantly jammed somewhere, there are always riders lane-splitting, and they’re hard to catch. Rather than try to enforce the unenforceable, the CHP focuses on behavior that’s actually dangerous. How states like Texas and Florida banned it is actually more mysterious to me.***
Why do we lane-split? And should we be doing it? We do it because…well, because we can. The space is there, we can do it safely, and the benefits are manifold. Besides the obvious joy that comes with leaving traffic slowdowns and jams in our dust, we also expose ourselves to less risk, argues Livermore P.D. officer and motorcycle safety advocate John Hurd. “The worst feeling in the world is being a sitting duck, (exposed to cars approaching stopped traffic from behind). If you get rear-ended in a car, it’s not the end of the world, but on a motorcycle, you’re the crumple zone, so the ability to choose lane position is important.”
While there are few (if any) studies on lane-splitting itself, crash data from major reports—the aged “Hurt” report from the USA, the European Union’s MAIDS study and other, smaller studies done in Europe, England and Australia—show lane-splitting either slightly reduces or slightly increases the crash rate—or it’s a wash. Even when studies show a significant portion of motorcyclists were involved in crashes while lane-splitting, it’s not clear that the act of riding between cars—and not some other factor, like excessive speed or road conditions—wasn’t the cause. An in-depth study of lane-splitting crashes by U.C. Berkeley should be completed this year—and you can expect a slew of bills regulating it to appear in the California legislature.
So: it’s safe, but is it truly legal? You could say it’s not illegal, but why? Isn’t that the same as saying something is legal? There are millions of activities not expressly prohibited by the CVC or other state law, and yet nobody says French kissing is in a “grey area,” or feeding Mallomars to your dog is “technically legal.” California trusts our Thin Blue Line to decide what behaviors are safe and what aren’t. Hurd told me he uses a trinity of VC sections—Unsafe Speed (22350), Following too Closely (21703) and use of Laned Roadways (21658)—to cite riders he deems are lane-splitting in a dangerous manner.
Uh-oh: subjectivity. Governments and other large organizations don’t like the ambiguity of leaving it up to guys like Hurd—he’s been riding since he was six years old, and to a veteran Bay Area rider, cruising in between stopped cars at 15-20 mph may seem safe. But to somebody who hasn’t ridden—or spends more time riding in lightly trafficked areas—that may seem the height of recklessness.
That’s why the members of the California Office of Traffic Safety’s (OTS) Mission-12 Safety Committee, a group of motorcyclists, law-enforcement officers, safety experts, government employees and other stakeholders, developed a set of guidelines for lane-splitting (among other safety initiatives). The guidelines were developed over many months of meetings, both in the large committee and subcommittees. A number of Bay Area riders, including Hurd and Bay Area Rider’s Forum (BARF) owner Bud Kobza contributed, and see the posting of these guidelines on the CHP and OTS websites as a major victory.
The guidelines do several things. First, they inform other road users that “lane splitting in a safe and prudent manner is not illegal in the state of California,” and also tell drivers to not try to block motorcyclists from doing it. That’s important—according to a U.C. study, almost half of California’s drivers either think lane-splitting is illegal or don’t know the law, and many of them even turn vigilante, attempting to block riders. The guidelines also tell riders what they “should” do when lane-splitting: keep the speed differential under 10 mph, stay between lanes one and two, be respectful and reasonable. I wish they also could tell people to stay in the center of their lanes and not drift right or left. Oh, and maybe do something about those giant truck mirrors.
Posting the guidelines was big news—websites, T.V. news stations and radio programs were buzzing the week I wrote this. It ran on newspaper front pages. Judging by the comments from readers, viewers and listeners, lane-splitting does not make motorcycling popular in the public eye. When asked by the U.C. surveyors, car drivers, by a very wide margin, disapprove of the practice. When asked why, the two largest numbers of responses are either that they think it’s dangerous (which it isn’t) or that it’s scary (WTF? You’re in a car). Hey, we live in a facts-optional society, but ignorant and silly people vote, too; should we fear for our lane-splitting privileges?
“If somebody wanted to outlaw it, it would take a long time,” Hurd told me. Passing laws is a long process, with many roadblocks—committees, lobbyists, political parties and grumpy governors. To get a law passed you need strong support from the public as well as government and other large organizations, and though there have been bills like this in the past, right now, Hurd tells me that “nobody wants to start that process…not OTS, AMA, DMV or CHP.” If they do crop up, ABATE’s California chapter has already crushed two and is ready for more, and AMA spokesperson Peter terHorst said that that organization will “work with established clubs and groups in that area” to defend motorcycle rights. As you may know, a bill to restrict lane splitting was just recently introduced, and subsequently withdrawn, in the California legislature.
As secure as lane-splitting is in California, it’s just as unlikely to spread beyond our Golden borders. It’s explicitly banned in most states, and states that lack laws prohibiting it are culturally intolerant, though motorcyclists report doing it in places like Texas and Chicago. There’s just no way politicians will sign on to something that looks so dangerous to the uninformed, and the Motorcycle Safety Foundation doesn’t help, either—that industry-funded organ doesn’t believe you can maintain a safe space cushion while lane-splitting , so obviously won’t support the practice.
The AMA does not support legalizing lane-splitting, though it isn’t against it, either: “While the AMA does not actively advocate for lane-sharing at the state level, we approve of the concept (saves gas and less wear and tear, says terHorst) and commend California for issuing reasonable lane-sharing guidelines.” But as the huge majority of the Ohio-based AMA’s membership don’t do it—and probably never will—the issue has a very low priority. ABATE is another matter, and is trying to legalize it in other states—both Texas’ and Oregon’s legislatures have seen bills—but efforts have so far been for naught.
Lane-splitting is an important part of the lives of California motorcyclists, many of whom commute 20,000 or more miles a year, much of it in beige-and-silver canyons of slow-moving cars, minivans and SUVs. Some of us (this reporter included) fear the guidelines could lead to more aggressive enforcement, or even a slippery slope to ever-tightening regulation until it’s effectively outlawed. How do we keep it legal? Read the guidelines, be a good ambassador (wave to drivers who pull over, eschew noisy exhausts and keep the speeds down!) educate your friends and family and get politically active. Maybe someday we’ll be in the checkout line and hear:
“I sure am jealous you guys get where you’re going quickly and safely! Maybe I’ll learn to ride too.”
ABATE of California: abate17.org
* I say “lane-splitting” because that’s what I—and everybody I know—has called it for the last 20 years. Some motorcyclists argue we should say “lane-sharing” because it sounds friendlier, or because that’s a more technically accurate term, and some get into this weird technical argument about how lane-sharing and lane-splitting are really two different things according to some unnamed authority, but I am not one to encourage twisting of the English language for political purposes.
** Okay, I made the last two up.
***Yes, I know you think people in Texas and Florida are crazier than in California and will run you over if you try it, which is why it’s illegal in those states, but we have our share of aggressive crazies here, too. I also found no news stories on the Web (road-raging aside) reporting a lane-splitting rider was purposefully run off the road or otherwise interfered with by vengeful drivers. | <urn:uuid:dd41b2c2-27ee-4f43-8340-39eb25eec130> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.motorcycledaily.com/2013/02/splitting-headache/comment-page-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00567-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949016 | 2,510 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Water is life. It has been the difference between survival and death for many living beings, an element necessary for the continuation of the species.
It is also quite symbolic. It is a sign of tranquility, purification, youth, and of motion, turbulence, disturbance and destruction. It had the power to wash off literal and metaphorical dirt from people; and a ritual of ablution and an element of many religious beliefs. Water was used to signify change or a medium through which a deity brings about change.
In ancient Greece the newly dead drank the water of the river Lethe, which translates to oblivion, a waterway in the underworld, so they lose all memory of their past existence. In Book X of Plato’s The Republic, in the last step before rebirth into their new, self-chosen life on earth, the dead must drink from the ‘stream of Oblivion’.
Floods of biblical proportions, sea monsters, mermaids and sirens populate many ancient and religious texts. Violent waves and harsh weather endanger the lives of many adventurers and many artists have depicted this image throughout the ages.
The Great Wave off Kanagawa, woodprint by Japanese artist Hokusai from the early 1830s, is an iconic image of water. Part of the thirty-six views of Mount Fuji series, this print is immediately recognizable worldwide and serves as a representation of Japanese art of the period for many. Water and waves in particular were images Japanese artists explored as early as the 16th century.
People bathing are shown in a diverse range of cultures, famously depicted by French impressionists Seurat and Cezanne. Claude Monet’s water lilies are also beautiful images that inspired him to have his own garden and pool to look at the scene throughout the remainder of his life.
Water is also depicted in the pool paintings of American artist David Hockney in the 1970s. Hockney painted many iterations of his pool in Los Angeles. Blocks of color show a modern American scene with only a splash in the pool in a startling interruption introducing time to this image of stasis.
According to the Smithsonian Museum, water features frequently in origin stories. The Dogon of Mali recount tales of aqueous primordial ancestors and of a dog discovering a hidden water source during migration to a new home. The Yoruba along the Oshun River speak of a king’s daughter who was transformed into the river. Other water spirits take form as humans, animals, or a combination of both. These spirits can be protective or dangerous, depending on the proper approach.
Gabrielle Tesfaye’s short film ‘The Water Will Carry Us Home’ prominently features water in the narrative. The film is a combination of stop motion animation and live action scenes telling the story of African slaves traveling across the Atlantic. Slaves that couldn’t withstand the harsh conditions of the travel were thrown overboard when they fell ill or died. One myth has them sinking to the ocean only to be revived by water spirits. These humans transformed into mer-people, water dwelling part-fish part-human species.
Wonderful cutouts of Gabrielle’s drawings of water, spirits that cause turbulence on the slave ship and mer-people are seen. Gabrielle’s Jamaican heritage led to her exploration of West African and Caribbean mythologies. The title of the film draws inspiration of a story about an Ibo slave ship that docked at Louisiana only for the slaves to revolt and kill their captors. These men and women then threw themselves in the water hoping it will carry their spirits back home.
These untold stories of people of minority, often demonized or disregarded have left many communities in the dark about their own cultures when in new lands. Even in Africa, through the three-fold influences of Christianity and commerce, and the European mission to ‘civilize’, belief systems have become erased. Indigenous beliefs had slowly disappeared and are now often looked upon with disdain in the mainstream. The struggle is even harder when in new land.
In the final scene of the film, Gabrielle makes headphones from conch seashells – following the folk myth that you would be able to hear the sound of the ocean when putting your ear to the seashell – and sits by the beach.
The film is her connection to her ancestors and those that permanently became part of the water as their lives passed underneath.
A Côte d’Ivoire mask at the Smithsonian museum’s collection depicts MamiWata. Diverse peoples throughout Africa recognize MamiWata as a powerful water spirit. Her origins can be traced to a late 19th-century German lithograph of a female snake charmer. Interested Africans scrutinized the snake charmer’s image and invested it with a new identity: MamiWata (Mother Water). They linked her great beauty and foreignness to powers that could provide protection and wealth in an increasingly precarious world. Another wooden mask at the Smithsonian from the early 19th century comes from eastern Ijo, Nigeria. The lives and culture of the Ijo revolve around the many waterways of the Lower Niger Delta region and there is a widespread belief in water spirits. They are invoked in festivals, shrines, and masquerades. According to one myth, the masks originated when a woman who had been kidnapped by water spirits returned to her people and told them of the performances she had seen beneath the water.
Water is also at the center of the 2004 documentary Darwin’s Nightmare. The film begins with the Nile Perch in Lake Victoria, a fish that isn’t endemic to that lake and is therefore eating everything in the ecosystem. This environmental disruption spirals out to tell the story of how local fishermen and inhabitants of the fishing village have been affected by this phenomenon. Exploitation of African resources by foreign nationals, disease and death among the villagers, illicit arms trade throughout the continent are issues touched upon in the documentary. Water can be the beginning and the continuation of life for many. Any small change affects the life of many.
Israeli artist Sigalit Landau explores the Dead Sea through salt sculptures. The artist baptizes her sculptures in the Dead Sea, with the purpose of showing how water can breathe life into inanimate objects. The politics of water as many communities fight over the resource is also worth noting.
Chinese avant-garde artist Zhu Ming’s Bubble series, a performance he began in 1997, has him enter a large plastic bubble that floats in the ocean. Ming is covered in paint at the beginning but the bubble is specially designed to let some water in and as the bubble floats, across the ocean, the paint washes off his naked body. This discussion of the transience of life and infinite circle of life also calls attention to the vulnerability and aloneness of all humankind.
The seemingly unseasonable rain the past few weeks brings water to mind more frequently than usual. These were some of the few handful images this contemplation can bring to mind. Water can never be truly explored. | <urn:uuid:b82526c7-7b85-4b66-844e-8cd8a064b4d6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thereporterethiopia.com/7904/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.961963 | 1,454 | 3 | 3 |
A paper of mine, analyzing and debating the designs of sinuous ditches in Portugal, is available here:
The number of known ditched enclosures in South Portugal has been increasing in the last years, being almost thirty now. Between them, several present a peculiar design that has been designated by “sinuous ditches”. This peculiar configuration didn’t raise the necessary attention to its interpretation, as a result of a axiomatic functional attribution that doesn’t question the ideological foundations of architecture.
In this paper, I will present the inventory of the sites with this design, which seems to concentrate in the middle Guadiana Basin. A contextual characterization will be done to support a critical analysis of the traditional interpretation and provide the argumentation for an alternative discourse, more related to a “cosmological architecture”. | <urn:uuid:cf1bd3bb-1f1e-48fe-8326-072f19a01627> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://portugueseenclosures.blogspot.com/2013/02/0157-sinuous-ditches.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00533-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.902272 | 173 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Diabetes and Sugar
Please pass the sugar! Do you add one lump or two? Do you add one teaspoon or two? How many times do we add sugar to our cereals or on top of fruit and desserts and we don’t measure it? Can we eliminate some of this to help with our waist line? When it comes to dieting, have you looked closely at your sugar intake? How about your imitation sugar sweeteners?
Diabetics don’t need to avoid sugar. They can enjoy it; but it must be in moderation. It should be a very minimal amount of real sugar as part of a balanced diabetic diet. When my husband first was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, I thought he couldn’t have any sugar at all. However, that isn’t the case! But, moderation is important when you are a diabetic. It is what is in the food we eat that is loaded with sugar that affects us. It is that cookie made with white enriched flour or other high calorie ingredients that entice us to eat it.
Choosing whole-grain products over white enriched flour products is something our family has strongly changed in our diets! Choosing pastas and breads with better ingredients has helped the waist line.
Sugar substitutes offer sweetness while controlling carbohydrate intake and blood glucose. However, they are not all calorie-free and they vary in terms of their impact on blood sugar. Non-nutritive sweeteners provide no calories and no changes in blood glucose levels, which is perfect for people with diabetes.” Six sweet options to consider include Splenda, Saccharin, Aspartame, Stevia, and Agave.
Splenda is good for diabetes. It is a brand name for sucralose, a non-nutritive or artificial sweetener, which is excellent for people with diabetes — type 2 diabetes in particular. Splenda is 600 times sweeter than sugar, but those little yellow packets have no effect on blood sugar. In addition, Splenda passes through the body with minimal absorption.
Saccharin can cause Weight Gain. Sold in pink packets under the brand name Sweet ‘N’ Low, is calorie-free and is about 300 to 500 times sweeter than sugar. Usually, when one eats a sweet food, the body expects calories to accompany that food. When the body does not get those calories, it looks for them elsewhere. This can lead to greater calorie consumption throughout the day as your body craves the caloric satisfaction it has missed.
Aspartame can give you possible side effects. It is sold in blue packets under the brand names Equal and NutraSweet, is a non-nutritive artificial sweetener that is 200 times sweeter than sugar. While not zero calories like some other artificial sweeteners, aspartame is still very low in calories. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has reviewed the scientific research and found aspartame to be safe for human consumption, but there have also been some conflicting study results on aspartame’s safety. Some research shows linkage to leukemia, lymphoma, breast cancer and migraines. You can find aspartame in diet sodas too. This is one that I feel should be totally avoided because it does give me headaches!
Stevia is an all-natural option. Truvia, the newbie among sugar substitutes, is one brand of the sweetener derived from the leaf of the stevia plant, native to Central and South America. It is calorie-free and has been shown to have little to no impact on blood sugar, which is why it is an excellent sugar substitute for diabetic people. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved the use of certain stevia extracts as a sweetener in foods and beverages, and other brands, including Pure Via and Sun Crystals. There have been anecdotal reports of side effects associated with over-consumption of stevia, including headaches and gastrointestinal symptoms, but to date there is no solid scientific research to back this up.
Agave is a super sweetener derived from the sap of the agave plant, agave nectar is a form of sugar; but it is low on the glycemic index. This means that agave is absorbed more slowly by the body, causing a relatively lower spike in blood sugar and less of a sugar rush than other forms of the real thing. Its low glycemic index makes it a good sugar substitute for diabetic people. Agave has about 60 calories per tablespoon, making portion control essential. It is also 1.5 times sweeter than sugar, so you can use less.
Sugar Alcohols are low-calorie sweeteners. Sugar alcohols, or polyols, are derived from the natural fibers in fruits and vegetables. They do contain carbohydrates, so they are considered nutritive sweeteners. Though sugar alcohols are relatively low in calories and blood-sugar friendly, they can cause indigestion, bloating, diarrhea, and headaches. See how you respond to a small amount before incorporating them into your daily diet. Examples of sugar alcohols include sorbitol, mannitol, and xylitol. Sugar alcohols contain some carbohydrates, and some types break down more completely than others. It is recommended to keep track of carbohydrate levels. Subtract half the amount of sugar alcohols from the total number of carbohydrates to understand how many carbs are actually being consumed and the impact on blood glucose levels.
Our family has tried some sugar substitutes, but I found that regular sugar is more manageable if I use it in moderation. I have tried Splenda which is an equal part to sugar. Using 1 cup of sugar is the same as 1 cup of Splenda. However, I have also found that regular sugar is less expensive than the sweeteners too! I prefer regular over imitations.
So, I ask you, can you drink some tea without sugar, or use one less teaspoon than you normally do? Making changes does help, and skipping the sprinkle of sugar over the cake will help also. Maybe just avoiding the cake altogether is just best, or just following the three-bite rule for desserts. Maybe having a little honey, but that is natural sweets and also loaded with calories! It is so wise to read your labels!
But, in conclusion, cutting back and having sweets in moderation is the best answer, over all! So, when the waitress asks, “Can I get you a soda?” or “Do you want some dessert?” Will your answer be “no” or “yes”? I will just have an ice water with a lemon, and no dessert, … thank you! | <urn:uuid:56acc520-cc89-43c0-99a4-82f985082771> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.everydayhealth.com/columns/donna-gibson-diabetes-in-the-family/diabetes-and-sugar/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00551-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9453 | 1,377 | 2.5 | 2 |
Heart and Vascular Care
Heart and Vascular Treatment
Sharp's award-winning cardiac and vascular teams provide multi-disciplinary care for patients throughout their care. The team consists of cardiothoracic surgeons, cardiovascular surgeons, nurse practitioners, cardiac nurses, electrophysiologists, social workers, dietitians, pharmacists and case managers.
Each patient's treatment plan is developed for his or her individual needs and may include nonsurgical medical management, minimally invasive (interventional radiology) procedures or surgery.
At Sharp, arrhythmias are treated with a full range of nonsurgical, minimally invasive and surgical treatment options. Treatment options include ablation, pulmonary vein isolation (also called atrial fibrillation ablation) and MAZE surgery. Various disorders can also be controlled with artificial pacemakers or implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Learn more about arrhythmia procedures at Sharp.
Heart and vascular rehabilitation
Sharp's heart and peripheral vascular rehabilitation program guides patients through the process of healing, recovery and rehabilitation. The program aims to help patients return to both their normal lifestyles and normal level of activity. Learn more about cardiac rehabilitation at Sharp.
Heart failure treatment
Sharp provides a full range of customized care for patients with heart failure, including arrhythmia treatment, cardiovascular rehabilitation, drug-eluting coronary stent and bioresorbable stent placement, heart transplant, high-risk coronary bypass, left ventricular assist devices, peripheral ultrafiltration and valve repair and replacement. Learn more about heart failure treatment at Sharp.
Sharp HealthCare's heart transplant program is recognized as one of the premier programs in Southern California and in the nation. The heart transplant medical team performs both heart transplant and retransplant procedures. Learn more about heart transplant services at Sharp.
Heart valve surgery options
Sharp's Heart Valve Surgery Center specializes in the surgical treatment of heart valve disease. Our surgical team offers minimally invasive valve surgery, MAZE procedures and aortic valve surgery. Learn more about heart valve surgery at Sharp.
Mechanical circulatory support
Sharp offers nine different types of mechanical circulatory support devices, including intra aortic balloon pump, Impella®, TandemHeart®, HeartMate II®, HeartWare and Thoratec pump. Learn more about mechanical circulatory support services at Sharp.
Surgical and nonsurgical heart procedures
Sharp provides a variety of both surgical and nonsurgical heart procedures, such as interventional cardiology and electrophysiology procedures, minimally invasive procedures and surgical heart procedures. Learn more about surgical and nonsurgical heart procedures at Sharp.
Surgical and nonsurgical vascular procedures
Sharp's vascular treatment program offers minimally invasive procedures, catheter-guided technology and imaging and a variety of surgical procedures for patients with vascular conditions. Learn more about surgical and nonsurgical vascular procedures at Sharp.
Transradial cardiac catheterization
Sharp offers transradial cardiac catheterization as an alternative to the traditional procedure, in which a catheter is inserted through an artery in the groin. With transradial catheterization, the catheter is inserted at the wrist. Learn more about transradial cardiac catheterization at Sharp.
Choose the best doctor in San Diego for you.
View doctors specializing in heart care in San Diego.
"I provide cutting-edge, compassionate care and treat patients as I would my own family."
"I am honored to serve as President of Sharp Rees-Stealy Medical Group where my colleagues and I strive to provide excellent care and always put the patient first."
"It is a privilege to practice at an organization with an emphasis on delivering the highest quality patient care."
"The needs of each patient is always my top priority. I treat everyone with the utmost respect." | <urn:uuid:8f5dc4e7-bde5-427c-9788-b12f6354c183> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.sharp.com/services/heart/treatment.cfm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00044-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.907179 | 777 | 1.5 | 2 |
In May 2011, Pravin Shah, the CEO at Mahindra & Mahindra, was evaluating four possible options of company’s growth strategy in the South Africa. Those options included: entering into agreement with the local vendor for the contract assembly of M&M vehicles, investing in its own manufacturing plant in South Africa, using South Africa as a hub for the further export of the other countries and lastly waiting and watching until enough vehicles are sold for the sustainable long term growth. Once those options were evaluated, Shah needed to present the final chosen one to the board of directors for the final approval on the best strategy for company’s growth in the South African Market.
1) Which option should Shah chose?
Based on the information presented in this case (and not based on the class discussion and video presented), I would advise Shah to exercise the wait and watch strategy at a given period of time. Shah was faced with this decision in 2011, which was only a few years after the global recession took place. Even though they had an outstanding result in 2010 showing the growth of sales at 24% and making the projections for the further sustainability, that was only one year of the positive outcome compared to the years before that. During the time of the recession and specifically in years 2007 through 2009, an automotive market suffered dramatically.
It was mainly due to the flow of credit and the passing of the law by the local South African government to limit further availability of credit. Solely based on the case information, it would make sense to make a projection plan for the next 3-5 year to watch the growth of the automotive market and then take additional necessary steps to further grow the company’s overall expansion in the local market. Even though this option has some negative sides such as higher import duty and losing some of the market share to its competitors, in case of the declining auto market situation it could financially benefit the company.
2) What is your assessment of M&M’s experience with its South African subsidiary to date? To date, Mahindra & Mahindra shows a very strong entry-level presence in the local market. In short 6 years period, they were able to capture the trust and loyalty of the local populations. Their strategy to manufacture and export vehicles that were suitable for local roads and, at the same time affordable for the locals, made it possible to secure the market share of 1.2% of the SUV and medium range SUV vehicles. Their localization of dealers in nine South African provinces made it possible for customers of all regions to have the direct access to the vehicle inventory. On the other hand the company faced a challenge of losing sales because of the time it took to process vehicles orders from India.
3) How attractive is the South African auto market for the growth and profitability? In the past decade or so, South Africa showed a stable economic growth among the population. Even though the growth rates are somewhat low compared to the other developing countries, it didn’t have any decline. With economic growth, more locals are able to afford to own a vehicle. As research study presented in the case shows, the buying power of the black African consumers, making the largest segment of the middle-income market, was rising. To the benefit of companies such as Mahindra & Mahindra, unlike white South African population, black African consumers were more open and inclined to purchase newly introduced brands to the markets.
The research showed that they did not trust the local brands rather than preferred any specific European or Japanese/Korean brand. This presents a colossal opportunity for M&M’ to enter the local South African market and continue its growth and profitability by securing the trust of local population. As long as company considers the growing need and affordability of the vehicle introduced in the future, they have a strong potential in further securing the larger auto market segment in the local market.
4) What potential roles can M&M’s South African subsidiary play in the company’s global network? With the globalization growing it is very important for international companies to be able to secure the brand within local markets. In this particular case, a South African subsidiary could potentially mean a large growth for the M&M. They would be able to shorten their delivery time and secure additional market segment by signing with the government. It would also be easier to export vehicles to other locations. The parent-subsidiary operating structure allows for greater diversification and increased efficiencies, partly because senior management at the parent company does not have to be involved in the operational details of its subsidiary. It would also isolate certain financial risks because the two companies are separate legal entities.
5) What should be Shah’s recommendation to M&M’s board of directors? Shah should advise the board of directors that at the current time it would be beneficial for the company to monitor the growth/decline of the automotive market on the global scale as well as in the South African market. With the reasonable proposal to monitor for the next 3-5 years it would allow company to receive securer results for the industry. Further on, based on the collected results, the company should consider moving on to the one of the other three options: contract assembly, own manufacturing plant or use South Africa as a hub.
Courtney from Study Moose
Hi there, would you like to get such a paper? How about receiving a customized one? Check it out https://goo.gl/3TYhaX | <urn:uuid:38dd9dee-28a1-44d4-8aa0-adc5307f5f68> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://studymoose.com/mahindra-mahindra-in-south-africa-essay | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00073-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966799 | 1,118 | 1.75 | 2 |
No interactions present.
Not sure but looks like a fly larva, possibly the larva of a hoverfly.
I'd agree that it's probably a hoverfly larva.
Seen bright orange larvae very like this one, they were hoverflies but no idea which species.
The magic of nature is all around us - we just need to learn how to see it.
Adding the Tag HOVERLARVAE will add to the Project Gallery
To add a Tag
Enter Edit Tab > Go To DetailsTab > Scroll to Tag Details >Enter HOVERLARVAE > Save
Whats Happening with Nature ??? Visit the Nature Blog
Supporting FEET Conservation work & Biodiversity Recording
Lat/Lng: 51.4526, -2.6071
OS grid ref: ST579727 | <urn:uuid:41c8e40c-31ff-4b5d-8d25-a29219eb2558> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.ispotnature.org/node/215055 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721595.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00477-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.796708 | 173 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Sun Tzu, the Art of War - 孫子兵法
The Art of War is an ancient military text attributed to Sun Tzu. He was a high-ranking military general, strategist and philosopher in China around 500 BC.
Sun Tzu text The Art of War is not only the staple and base of all military men's training, but also compel the most careful attention of scholars and men of letters. His sayings are terse yet elegant, simple yet profound, perspicuous and eminently practical.
Military weapons are the means used by the Sage to punish violence and cruelty, to give peace to troublous times, to remove difficulties and dangers, and to succor those who are in peril. Every animal with blood in its veins and horns on its head will fight when it is attacked. How much more so will man, who carries in his breast the faculties of love and hatred, joy and anger!
Sun Tzu Quotes
Warrior and philosopher Sun Wu is very popular worldwide and many famous military officials and politicians have referenced him. The principals and ideas presented in the Art of War have been used in almost any aspect of the modern world - business, politics, sports, and diplomacy. Millenniums old Sun Tzu quotes on friends, friendship, enemy, war and victory provide practical tips for everyday success in the modern world.
Art of War, the book
No matter what one is looking to find in this book, whether it be entertainment or tactics and strategies for business, sports, war games, actual wars, or even travel, the reader can be sure Sunzi shares easy to relate with the modern world wisdom. Read the full Art of War without any lengthy discussion of the books origins.
This is the kind of book you keep bookmarked and return back to random pages whenever you get the chance.
Summary of The Art of War
Sun Wu's Military Principles (in Chinese 孫子兵法) was the most widely circulated military text of the Warring States period 2500 years ago. The Art of War summary highlights the two core ideas at the heart of Sunzi strategic system. First, strategic positions arise in an environment of natural balancing forces in a temporary dynamic equilibrium. Second, we can leverage these forces to win without conflict.
Sun Wu and modern business world
Sunzi was a heroic general in ancient China. To forward his experiences in warfare he wrote a book. Although, his book the Art of War was written more than 2,500 years ago, many of the strategies and wisdom captured in the book are timeless and they are still relevant and applicable in today’s business environment.
Read about the SunTzuArt.com to find out how SunTzuArt.com protects your privacy and cookies, how to advertise on the SunTzuArt.com.
The best strategies are those that gain victory without fighting. | <urn:uuid:5edeed15-35d4-4033-8479-2d7704ba928d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://suntzuart.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.947221 | 592 | 2.5 | 2 |
Settling custody out of court could be the best option for divorcing couples. Going through a custody battle in court is costly and runs the risk of the judge deciding the outcome based on limited facts within a short period of time.
Options for Out of Court Custody Negotiations
When divorcing parents have a non-adversarial relationship, it may be possible to draft an agreement by themselves that states who has physical custody, how visitations will be scheduled and how holidays, birthdays and other family occasions will be handled. However, if reaching agreement on their own on some issues is not possible, some points of contention can be resolved through Alternative Dispute Resolution. The most common ADR options are Child Custody Mediation or Collaborative Family Law.
Custody mediation is a non-adversarial process where both parents meet with a mediator that assists with settling custody issues. Mediation helps avoid the nastiness of a litigating a custody dispute. The common goal of mediation is to arrive at an agreement as to what is in the child(ren)’s best interest. A mediator does not have the power to make decisions but instead guides the parents to arrive at an agreement on their own.
Collaborative family law is a process that works to reduce legal costs and animosity between both parents while trying to work out the terms of a custody agreement. Its focus is on an absolute commitment to reach a settlement while reducing stress on both sides and family relationships. Each side can seek legal advice and advocacy from their respective attorneys. Unlike mediation, there is no neutral third-party directing the negotiations. During negotiations, outside assistance may be needed that requires the hiring of counselors or financial experts.
Finalizing an Out-of-Court Custody Agreement
Once both parents agree to their custody agreement, it will need to be finalized through the court. The judge will need to review the parenting plan and other stipulations to determine if meets the best interests of the children. If the judge accepts the agreement, it will become a court order that must be followed by both parents. It will remain that way and cannot be unilaterally modified by either parent without the other’s consent. If a disagreement arises in the future, a petition for modifying the order will need to be made to the court.Go Back << | <urn:uuid:4a81d0ef-fc07-44b3-af9b-70c9332501bb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stelklaw.com/blog/settling-out-of-court/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.958339 | 473 | 1.757813 | 2 |
The moral and ethical questions surrounding abortion are complex, and although I have my own firm opinions, I know that good people disagree with me for good reasons. I have no intention of arguing the question here. No, what I’m wondering about at the moment is just what it means to be “pro-life.” After all, being “pro-life” seems to me to be an excellent goal, a moral yardstick almost identical to Albert Schweitzer’s “reverence for life.” Just as a start:
If I am pro-life I will advocate for universal health care, for everyone’s access to technologies that literally sustain life.
If I am pro-life I will work for universal access to clean water, without which life is not possible.
If I am pro-life I will strive for everyone to be able to get healthy food, to live in communities that are not polluted, to breathe air that is clean.
If I am pro-life, surely I will be a proponent of arts in the schools, of public art and libraries and community theatre and senior citizen bands and all the ways that individuals and groups bring beauty and creativity into their own lives and the lives of those around them. After all, I am not just in favor of existence, but of life more abundant.
If I am pro-life I most certainly will be deeply committed to the conservation of our natural world, to the preservation of species and habitats, to combating climate change, to preserving life in all its diversity, not just human life.
The list could go on and on. In what ways are you dedicated to being pro-life? | <urn:uuid:3007c86b-a351-4253-bd43-3b32ef7a2cf7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.patheos.com/blogs/uucollective/2012/09/pro-life/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00314-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95777 | 346 | 1.554688 | 2 |
A new printer has just been announced from BotMill: The Glider. This RepRap-inspired printer includes a slew of great features, but the one we like best is this: It's Assembled.
Here's the key features:
- USB based printer (did we say "assembled" yet?)
- Big build size of 20.3cm X by 20.3cm Y by 14cm Z. Huge!
- Precision rods for very smooth and accurate operation
- Prints both ABS and PLA plastics
- Thick aluminum table
- Stepper/Thermistor-based extruder with high-quality parts
- Heated print bed
- One pound of plastic (not sure if it's PLA or ABS)
- Ships in different colors on request
- No word on which software might be included; we assume you'd use the standard open source suite of 3D printing tools
Each item is "produced individually for each incoming order." We take that to mean "hand made". If this is as good as it looks, we fear a shipping backlog might develop if mass orders appear.
BotMill chief Gil Mayron said:
BotMill set out to bring to market a very affordable consumer 3D printer with cutting-edge hardware and easy-to-use software. The BotMill Glider has been through all the tests and has proven a quality and standard that the consumer requires.
Priced at a discount of USD$1395 (from the apparently normal price of USD$1545), the Glider is available at BotMill's online store right now! | <urn:uuid:2e00cc7b-fda2-4e16-8607-bd92dcd9026a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.fabbaloo.com/blog/2011/1/6/the-botmill-glider.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00529-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.930219 | 326 | 1.59375 | 2 |
|The American Presidency Project|
|• William J. Clinton|
|The President's Radio Address|
|March 16, 1996|
|Good morning. I have recently returned from an historic meeting in the Middle East. Twentynine leaders from the region and around the world came together in support of peace and against terrorism. Our summit was called to confront an urgent threat. Recent terrorist atrocities in Israel have taken scores of innocent lives, including those of two young Americans. They have jeopardized the hopes of Israelis and Palestinians who long for peace, and they menace the dreams of all the mothers and fathers there who seek a better life for their children.
But the merchants of terror will not succeed. By their acts of violence they have only reinforced the determination of the peacemakers. Whatever the effort, whatever the time it takes, we will prevail because we must.
The violence in Israel is a terrible reminder of the challenges we all face to protect the security of our Nation and our people. For while we live in an age of great possibility, we face new perils as well. Open societies and open markets are on the march. And the dawn of the information age is creating exciting new opportunities to build a brighter future. But as barriers fall, the freedom and openness that make our Nation strong can also make us vulnerable. The freedom and openness that will bring Americans almost 3 million new jobs in the next few years in telecommunications alone, spurred on by the telecommunications bill I signed just a few weeks ago, also mean that our democratic societies, which have to be open to new people and products and information, are also more vulnerable because they're open to threats that all too easily can cross national borders.
Terrorism is a part of the growing web of threats that include the spread of weapons of mass destruction, drug trafficking, and organized crime. I have made our fight against terrorism a national security priority. And in order to defeat these forces of destruction, we need every tool at our disposal. The United States maintains strong sanctions on states that sponsor terrorism. We have stepped up cooperation with other nations to root out terrorists before they act and to capture them when they do. We have increased funding, manpower, and training for our law enforcement agencies to combat terrorism. And our efforts are yielding results. We made swift arrests after the attacks on the World Trade Center and Oklahoma City. Today those responsible for the World Trade Center bombing are behind bars. In the last 3 years the United States has arrested more terrorists than at any time in our history, plucking them from hiding all around the world and bringing them to justice for their crimes. This progress is dramatic, but we must do more.
Yet on the same day I was in the Middle East rallying the world community to fight terrorism, some in Congress, led by Republicans, were taking apart piece by piece the tough legislation designed to beat back that very threat. More than a year ago I sent a bill to Congress that would strengthen our ability to investigate, prosecute, and punish terrorist activity. After the Oklahoma City bombing I made that legislation even stronger. My efforts were guided by three firm goals: first, to protect American lives without infringing on American rights; second, to give law enforcement officials the tools they need to do the job; and third, to make sure that terrorists are barred from our country.
The congressional leaders promised to send me that bill by last Memorial Day, 6 weeks after the Oklahoma City tragedy. The Senate passed counterterrorism legislation last June. But now, less than 6 weeks before the anniversary of the Oklahoma City bombing, the House has finally acted to gut the bill. The House took the teeth out of our efforts to fight terrorism. Unbelievably, the House voted to give law enforcement officials fewer tools to fight terrorism than they have to fight far less horrible crimes here at home.
First, the bill had a provision to chemically mark the explosive materials terrorists use to build their deadly bombs. If we know where explosives come from, we have a better chance of figuring out who used them. The House voted to strip this law enforcement tool because for some reason the Washington gun lobby opposed it. The House and the Washington gun lobby are against giving law enforcement the ability to trace explosives. I know we should be able to keep up with materials terrorists use to build bombs.
The House also voted to let terrorists like Hamas continue to raise money in America by stripping the Justice Department's authority to designate organizations as terrorists and thereby stop them from raising funds in the United States. The House voted against allowing us to deport foreigners who support terrorist activities more quickly, and it voted to cripple our ability to use high-tech surveillance to keep up with stealthy and fast-moving terrorists.
At the same time the bill went easy on terrorists, it got tough on law enforcement officials. The House stripped a provision that would have helped protect police officers from cop-killer bullets. And it ordered a commission to study not the terrorists but the Federal law enforcement officials who put their lives on the line to fight terrorism. Even the Republican chairman of the Judiciary Committee, Henry Hyde, couldn't believe what his colleagues did, saying the House eviscerated the terrorism bill. I urge the Senate to stand firm and turn this bill back into the strong antiterrorism legislation I want to sign and America needs.
Our Nation has felt the lash of terrorism. We know its terrible costs, and we know that only America can lead the world's fight against it. We can't let the gun lobby turn America into a safehouse for terrorists. Congress should get back on track and send me tough legislation that cracks down on terrorism. It should listen to the cries of the victims and the hopes of our children, not the back-alley whispers of the gun lobby.
Thanks for listening.
|Citation: William J. Clinton: "The President's Radio Address", March 16, 1996. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=52553.|
© 1999-2011 - Gerhard Peters - The American Presidency Project | <urn:uuid:dde60b21-809a-413f-8ab5-3d50bc63beff> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/print.php?pid=52553 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00493-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959766 | 1,251 | 2.046875 | 2 |
THE HAPPY PRINCE
he said; "I hope the town has made preparations.
Then he saw the statue on the tall column.
"I will put up there," he cried; "it is a fine position, with plenty of fresh air." So he alighted just between the feet of the Happy Prince.
"I have a golden bedroom," he said softly to himself as he looked round, and he prepared to go to sleep; but just as he was putting his head under his wing a large drop of water fell on him. "What a curious thing!" he cried; "there is not a single cloud in the sky, the stars are quite clear and bright, and yet it is raining. The climate in the north of Europe is really dreadful. The Reed used to like the rain, but that was merely her selfishness."
Then another drop fell.
"What is the use of a statue if it cannot keep the rain off?" he said; "I must look for | <urn:uuid:81438182-1218-4136-a989-b4729dd4c1dd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:The_happy_prince_and_other_tales.djvu/25 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00233-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.992504 | 207 | 1.742188 | 2 |
This article describes importing shapefiles into an EarthAI Notebook. For this example we'll use The Nature Conservancy's Terrestrial Ecoregions spatial data layer.
There are a few different ways to make a shapefile available in the Notebook environment. If the .shp is stored locally in your EarthAI folder you can read it into a Spark DataFrame by running:
from earthai.init import *
df = spark.read.shapefile('Terrestrial_Ecoregions.shp')
The first line is the necessary import statement if you are not already in an active SparkSession. The second line reads the shapefile into a Spark DataFrame. If the file is in the current working directory you can simply start typing the name and tab+autocomplete. If it does not autocomplete, the file is in another directory and you will need the full file path to the shapefile. You can check that the type is a Spark DataFrame to confirm the read was successful.
Alternatively, if the .shp is not stored locally it can be retrieved by passing the URL in place of a file path. The file is unzipped and the shapefile is read into a Spark DataFrame.
df2 = spark.read.shapefile('https://astraea.box.com/v/TerrestrialEcosystems.zip')
Again this reads the shapefile into a Spark DataFrame.
You can also read in shapefiles as GeoDataFrames. The code below reads the ecoregions shapefile into a GeoDataFrame after first importing GeoPandas.
import geopandas as gpd
df = gpd.read_file('https://astraea.box.com/v/TerrestrialEcosystems.zip')
If the shapefile is stored locally you can pass the relative or absolute path in place of the URL, as you did for reading it into a Spark DataFrame. | <urn:uuid:96115e99-0378-42d6-a3b2-d5d334d2a58a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://docs.astraea.earth/hc/en-us/articles/360043904011-Read-a-Shapefile-into-a-GeoPandas-DataFrame | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.879257 | 410 | 2.4375 | 2 |
Latest update: December 30th, 2013
Tammi Rossman-Benjamin lives and teaches in the belly of the beast, and although she is on faculty, her position as lecturer of Hebrew Language at the University of California, Santa Cruz means she has practically no political pull.
But Rossman-Benjamin is not easily deterred.
For years the Jewish instructor has been trying, in her own, respectful, non-confrontational way, to right a serious wrong she sees and hears from students about, on the California campuses: rank anti-Semitism. First she filed a Complaint in 2009, and then, just two weeks ago, filed an Appeal from the Office of Civil Rights refusal to act on her Complaint.
IN 2010, DEPT OF EDUC. EXTENDED CIVIL RIGHTS LAWS TO PROTECT JEWS FROM DISCRIMINATION
And in fact, there was good news on the legal front in the past few years: a much heralded announcement regarding the Civil Rights laws, by which the U.S. Department of Education extended legal protection from discrimination to Jews.
But a decision in August by the Office of Civil Rights to close the file on Rossman-Benjamin’s Complaint, coincidentally on the same day and for the same reasons it rejected two other Complaints filed alleging anti-Jewish discrimination against California colleges, may well mean that the legal protection extended to protect Jews from discrimination in education has been rolled back up.
The Office of Civil Rights has thus once again shut its door to Jews discriminated against – whether through overt action or by the creation of a hostile environment – on U.S. college campuses.
Rossman-Benjamin carefully documents dozens of examples of discriminatory behavior creating a hostile environment for Jewish students qua Jews in the Appeal she filed less than two weeks ago.
But here’s the real issue: Rossman-Benjamin is not focused on the nastiness of anti-Israel and anti-Semitic students, her concern – indeed the sole focus of a complaint she filed with the U.S. Office of Civil Rights – is the official sponsorship of such actions, activities and antagonisms by the universities themselves.
Inexplicably, the OCR chose to ignore the essence of Rossman-Benjamin’s claim. Instead, it pretended that the professor was complaining about student behavior, and then rejected the complaint as unworthy of its review because, according to the OCR, Rossman-Benjamin was complaining about First Amendment protected speech.
The fact that other “First Amendment protected speech” was deemed worthy of review and indeed, nearly immediate corrective action and investigations both by the universities and the OCR, when the speech was directed at groups other than Jews, is very much a significant aspect of Rossman-Benjamin’s appeal.
But first, let’s look at the main focus of Rossman-Benjamin’s complaint, and how the OCR responded.
THE UNDERLYING COMPLAINT, FILED IN 2009
Rossman-Benjamin’s 2009 Complaint charged that professors, academic departments and residential colleges at the California universities were promoting and encouraging anti-Israel, anti-Zionist and anti-Jewish views and behavior, and creating a hostile environment for Jewish students, in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Specific examples of anti-Semitic behavior in the Complaint included:
ZIONISM AS PROMOTING ETHNIC CLEANSING
(1) The university department-sponsored “A Teach in on Islamophobia: Between the War on Terror and Arab Revolution,” sponsored by the Asian Diasporas Research Clustier of the Institute for Humanities Research and by the UC Center for New Racial Studies, as well as various anti-Israel organizations, such as the Students for Justice in Palestine.
At this teach-in, both panelists blamed Israel and American Zionist organizations and individuals for contributing to Islamophobia to silence all criticism of Israel; one panelist referred to Israel as a “colonial settler state” whose Zionist ideology promotes “ethnic cleansing” and “apartheid,” and said that anyone who “challenged these ‘truths’ is engaging in Islamophobia and racism.”
OFFICIAL PROMOTION OF THE FREEDOM FLOTILLA TO BREAK ISRAEL’S BLOCKADE OF GAZA
Debra Ellis, the university official responsible for coordinating educational events at the California campus at which this event took place, was seated at a table promoting a U.S. boat to Gaza as part of the Freedom Flotilla II. Ellis handed out copies of a letter she wrote, encouraging students to go to the official U.S. Boat to Gaza website, to endorse the effort to launch a U.S. boat to Gaza, to “write letters to Gaza” that would be transported on the boat, and to write federal, state and city representatives, encouraging them to endorse the campaign.
The University official took these steps while even the United Nations — hardly a bastion of pro-Israel propaganda — has officially found that Israel’s naval embargo around Gaza is an appropriate and legal means of preventing the importation of weapons that would be used to attack the Jewish state.
COLLEGE SPONSORSHIP OF FILM VILIFYING PRO-ISRAEL JEWS
(2) An additional allegation raised by Rossman-Benjamin concerned the sponsorship by two California colleges of a screening of the film, “Between Two Worlds,” and a follow-up question and answer session by the filmmakers.
The film, according to Rossman-Benjamin, focuses on in-fighting in the Jewish community, particularly between Jews who who support Israel and those who seek to harm it through various activities such as boycotts. The film presents pro-Israel students as extremists who seek to silence legitimate criticism of Israel.
Rossman-Benjamin documented the horrified responses of Jewish students to the showing of the film, and the submission of a petition signed by 70 UCSC students which stated:
We believe the screening of this film is intended to vilify, delegtimize, and silence many Jewish students who feel that the campus climate is hostile towards them because they identify with Israel. …. The fact that residential colleges, including Colleges [the two were referred to by numbers for privacy purposes], support such positions and the incitement of hostility by sponsoring this and similar events which demonize and delegitimize Israel and Jewish students on campus who support Israel is horrifying to say the least. As UCSC students, we … find it highly inappropriate for a College to portray Jewish supporters of Israel as extremists and Jewish values as antiquated.
The response from the Director of Academic and CoCurricular Programs for the two Colleges, Provost Helen Shapiro and UCSC chancellor George Blumenthal ignored the concerns of the students and instead focused solely on the “Colleges’ right to show the film.”
Adding insult to injury, the school officials shared with the filmmakers the concerns by the Jewish students and the fact that the students filed hate/bias complaints about the film.
Making great hay from this breach of privacy, the filmmakers proceeded to send out emails and announce on their website that there had been a “McCarthyite network inside the Jewish community,” referring specifically to the UCSC Jewish students’ petition. The filmmakers wrote that “would-be censors are connected to a larger campaign trying to use the U.S. Civil Rights Act to silence debate, claiming films like ours create a hostile environment for students.”
That sure is one way to silence students from raising concerns in a way that should have been treated with respect, including respect for their privacy.
ZIONISM AS SYNONYMOUS WITH RACISM IN FEMINIST STUDIES CLASS
(3) Yet another example of how the university’s sponsorship and control over academic activities and content created a hostile environment for Jews on campus was the case of a UCSC Feminist Studies Class on Race and Gender. The class explicitly described Zionism as synonymous with racisim, and texts were given equating Zionism to colonialism.
Rossman-Benjamin submitted several articles from the syllabus as supplements to her underlying claim which included faculty who used their classrooms or class resources to promote hatred towards the Jewish state, thereby contributing to the hostile environment on campus. The feminism class readngs were, according to Rossman-Benjamin, “unabashedly anti-Zionist or anti-Israel, three of them encourage anti-Israel activism, and one of them, arguably, condones terrorism against Israel.”
Astonishingly, the OCR ignored Rossman-Benjamin’s evidence concerning “A Teach-In on Islamaphobia,” “Between Two Worlds,” and the Feminist Studies Class. Instead, in rejecting her Complaint as not worthy of further action, the OCR mentioned incidents which the professor had not included as part of her Complaint: an event called “Costs of War on Israeli Society,” as well as the event “Truth and Consequences of Israel’s Gaza Invasion.”
In addition to ignoring claims she did make and referring to ones she did not, the OCR mischaracterized Rossman-Benjamin’s allegations regarding anti-Semitic graffiti on campus.
The anti-Semitic graffiti per se was not the gravamen of Rossman-Benjamin’s concern, it was the response by the university officials which, in the professor’s view, provided raw evidence of a double standard in treatment of ugly, anti-minority actions on the campuses that was the issue.
Again, the OCR mischaracterized Rossman-Benjamin’s complaint, ignoring what she was actually complaining about and instead discussing, then rejecting as not actionable what was not at all the focus of Rossman-Benjamin’s complaint:
My allegation was that the University was applying a double standard when it came to anti-Jewish graffiti, and it was this double standard which caused Jewish students to feel discriminated against by University administrators.
Just one set of examples:
UNIVERSITY REFUSAL TO CONDEMN SWASTIKAS AND DEATH THREATS TO JEWS AS ANTI-SEMITISM
During March, 2011, Rossman-Benjamin noted that there had been several incidents of swastika-related graffiti at UCSC, one of which included the threatening message: “Blood will be shed @ UCSC on 4/20/11.”
In response to a newspaper article several days later about the swastikas, the Chancellor sent out an email describing the swastika graffiti, but he never referred to it as anti-Semitic or anti-Jewish. In contrast, there had been anti-African American graffiti the previous year. To that, university officials sent out an email denouncing the graffiti as racist within hours of its discovery. Rossman-Benjamin provided several such examples in her Complaint.
FIRST AMENDMENT, WHILE NOT IMPLICATED, WAS USED BY OCR AS BASIS FOR REJECTING COMPLAINT
Because the OCR mischaracterized Rossman-Benjamin’s complaint as being about the impact of what she believes to be anti-Jewish events and incidents on the campuses, the Office of Civil Rights concluded that her allegations were based on “the mere expression of views, words, symbols or thought that a student might find personally offensive,” and were therefore barred by the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
How many times could Rossman-Benjamin repeat, with strong emphasis, that it was not the events or incidents that she complained about, it was the university-sponsorship and promotion by university employees, faculty and administration that created the hostile environment for Jewish students at the California campuses.
It appears that thus far there is no limit to the number of times Rossman-Benjamin would have to direct the heads of the university and those in the Office of Civil Rights to focus on the actual words she used, and not on some red herring which those vested with responsibility for understanding the difference kept reeling in and displaying.
This is a news article and not a legal brief or a scholarly article for a law review about exactly the wrong way for professors, administrators and civil rights assessors should go about conducting an investigation. Therefore, the last piece of evidence to note is that although the OCR pointed to the First Amendment as the basis for rejecting a complaint about an atmosphere of discrimination that has resulted in fear by a minority group, the exact opposite was the response to contemporaneous claims of racial harassment of black students on another UC campus.
BUT NO FIRST AMENDMENT IMPLICATIONS WHEN ANTI-AFRICAN AMERICAN STUDENT ACTS TOOK PLACE
As Rossman-Benjamin pointed out in the appeal she filed from the dismissal of her complaint:
On March 11, 2010, the U.S. Department of Justice invoked civil rights laws, including Titile VI of the Civil RIghts Act of 1964, to open an investigation of the University of California San Diego. Specifically, according to media reports, students at the University of California San Diego (“UCD”) organized a social event off campus calling it a “Compton Cookout” and promised to expose guests to “life in the ghetto.”
In addition to the offensive promise of seeing “life in the ghetto,” a cardboard sign was found with the words “Compton Lynching,” and students on the schools radio stations were accused of using racial slurs on the air, and a student was alleged to have hung a noose in the campus library at UCSD.
All of the incidents were unquestionably offensive, but all were actions engaged in by students, and, as Rossman-Benjamin pointed out, are “classic cases of the ‘mere expression of views, words, symbols or thought'” which are protected under the First Amendment. But in that case, the Department of Justice, followed by the Office of Civil Rights just a few weeks later, began official investigations of potential Title VI violations.
That’s right. The same office that tossed out Rossman-Benjamin’s claims which they mischaracterized as merely expressions by students that are protected by the First Amendment were claims instituted by the government when there was no allegation even of official university sponsorship or support. The only difference, it appears, is that Rossman-Benjamin was complaining about anti-Jewish animus, while the government saddled up and rode off in immediate pursuit of students speaking offensively about African Americans.
It appears there is not only a problem with official sponsorship of anti-Semitism on California campuses. The problem may also extend to the Office of Civil Rights.Lori Lowenthal Marcus
About the Author: Lori Lowenthal Marcus is a contributor to the JewishPress.com. A graduate of Harvard Law School, she previously practiced First Amendment law and taught in Philadelphia-area graduate and law schools. You can reach her by email: Lori@JewishPressOnline.com
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If you promote any foreign religions, gods or messiahs, lies about Israel, anti-Semitism, or advocate violence (except against terrorists), your permission to comment may be revoked. | <urn:uuid:ea4e9c5e-3e6d-491d-8ee9-dd3609e022b6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.jewishpress.com/news/appealing-jewish-prof-civil-rts-office-removing-recourse-for-jews/2013/10/31/0/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00457-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956625 | 3,261 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Introducing exciting new coloring books for children who love all things creative.
This is a brilliant new range of coloring books, with a page stuffed full of great stickers for curious kids. Bursting with imaginative outlines for children to shade, these coloring books will keep little ones entertained for hours. The sticker page at the front can be used either in the book or anywhere else. Bold outlines will inspire children to be creative and improve their motor skills.
|Publish Date||Apr 3, 2012|
|Publisher||Make Believe Ideas|
|Who It's For||Boy 5-7, Girl 5-7| | <urn:uuid:4949262c-d7ae-474e-b135-db5039082931> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.churchsource.com/coloring-and-sticker-trucks-coloring-book | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719273.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00064-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.724715 | 125 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Definition of pathogenetic
a. - Pathogenic. 2
The word "pathogenetic" uses 12 letters: A C E E G H I N O P T T.
No direct anagrams for pathogenetic found in this word list.
Adding one letter to pathogenetic does not form any other word in this word list.Words within pathogenetic not shown as it has more than seven letters.
All words formed from pathogenetic by changing one letter
Browse words starting with pathogenetic by next letter | <urn:uuid:7fb1ed69-dd9b-477e-af0e-46b6e5cce9ec> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.morewords.com/word/pathogenetic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718866.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00004-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.90732 | 112 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Let us help you get back on the road safely!
Written by Katie Behrens, Occupational Health Trainer Manager
If you haven’t already returned from furlough or vacation, a great first step would be increasing your activity level to match your future work demands. Some easy things to do around the house would be body weight activities like walking your stairs, riding a bike, going for walks in your neighborhood, or a series of core activities. See a few options below!
Plank: Can be done on your elbow or hands. Attempt to hold this position for a minimum of 30 seconds, and repeat three times. During this activity, your shoulders back and legs should be in a straight line. Engage your core and breath throughout the hold.
Push-Up: Hand placement should be just wider than the shoulders. Focus on keeping shoulders, back, and legs in a straight line throughout the whole movement. Start with attempting five to 10 push-ups, repeat this activity three times. As this gets easier, increase the number of push-ups in each set!
Bicycle Crunches: Laying flat on the ground, place both hands behind your head. While engaging your abdominals, pull your right arm towards your left knee. Then relax, and repeat with the left arm coming up and across your body to touch the right knee. Start with attempting 10 repetitions on each side and increase as needed.
Once back on the road, it’s extremely important to hydrate while driving, stretch during designated stops, and warm up if breaking down a load. Keep multiple bottles of water in your truck and pack healthy snacks like apples, granola bars, and trail mix to keep your body fueled up in between stops.
See a few basic stretches below to try while getting back into the swing of things!
Stretches with Movement:
For more information about exercises that can be done in the truck, reach out to your designated occupational health trainer at your location for more information on the Drive Into Fitness Program! | <urn:uuid:be73f564-4ecc-431f-bd54-038f3399dcb7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://drivefordti.com/blog/returning-from-furlough-taking-an-extended-vacation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.927149 | 422 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Haemocoel | definition of haemocoel by Medical dictionary
Also found in: Dictionary
Related to haemocoel: hemocoel
The system of interconnected spaces within the bodies of arthropods containing blood or hemolymph.
[hemo- + G. koilōma, cavity]
Fig. 186 Haemocoel .
haemocoel the body cavity within many invertebrates, including arthropods and molluscs, which is an expansion of part of the blood system. In contrast with the COELOM, the haemocoel never opens to the exterior nor does it contain germ cells. | <urn:uuid:8f78090b-c592-4a4f-9fb8-01b61cf7a8ce> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/haemocoel | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721558.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00045-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.777068 | 135 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Rotorua, one of the oldest tourist destinations in the country, offers an array of exciting and unique attractions for visitors of all ages.
Here you can experience everything from the natural marvel of the geothermal hot spots to the distinct Maori culture, sparkling lakes to volcanic landscape. Popular activities include the luge, fishing, white water rafting, Maori performances and plenty more.
Rotorua, located in the Bay of Plenty region, is one of the original tourist destinations in New Zealand. Rotorua is home to approximately 53 000 residents, half of which being Maori. For over a century this city has been welcoming tourists to explore it's unique and fascinating landscape. Centrally located, Rotorua is just 60 kilometres south of Tauranga and 82 kilometres north-east of Taupo.
You know you're somewhere special as soon as you arrive in Rotorua. Home to a world of geothermal activity you will be amazed by what you see - and smell. You'll catch a whiff of sulphur in the air followed by a sighting of a bubbling mud pool or a spouting geyser. Visit one of the thermal reserves and you will find remarkable boiling mud pools, mineral foot pools, hot water falls and water shooting geysers.
Rotorua is home to the Pink and White terraces. Tourism in New Zealand started years and years ago when visitors from overseas travelled to Rotorua to see these amazing formations. Once known as the eighth wonder of the world, these fascinating formations were destroyed when Mount Tarawera erupted in 1886 killing over 100 people. Despite the loss of the beautiful terraces hundreds of tourists still come every year to catch a glimpse of what remains.
Rotorua is the heartland of the Maori culture in New Zealand and when visiting the region you will experience the warm spirit of the people whose ancestors have roamed the city for over 600 years. During your visit there will be a number of opportunities to enjoy the Maori culture including ancient Maori grounds, live shows and more.
Rotorua is a truly diverse and exciting holiday destination. From sparkling lakes to boiling mud pools, distinct Maori culture to deluxe Health Spas, Volcanic Mountains to adrenalin pumping adventure - there is something for everyone. You can immerse yourself in the lush natural surroundings for a relaxing getaway or enjoy all the benefits of big city living.
There is an abundance of activities to enjoy while in Rotorua. You can experience the multitude of natural attractions in the city including the number of lakes, Volcanoes, geothermal hot spots and forests. If action is your thing take to the lake in a jet boat, get yourself to a river for some white water rafting, hit the luge at Skyline Sky rides or buckle in for a thrilling ride on the Sky swing. To immerse your self in the Maori culture and Rotorua heritage you can visit a marae, take a tour of one of the museums or even see the excavated site of the Mount Tarawera eruption.
The lakes in the area include Lake Rotorua, Lake Tarawea, Lake Okataina and Lake Rotoiti. These are also known as the major fishing lakes. Popular catches in the Rotorua lakes include Rainbow Trout, Brook Trout and Brown Trout. The best lake to visit will depend on your preferred catch.
Rotorua is approximately a 3 1/2 hour drive or a 45 minute flight from Auckland. You can get to Rotorua by plane, train, bus or car. There is plenty of accommodation in the city to suit every traveller and every budget. From high-class International Hotels to Backpackers, Luxury Lodges to Motels - there is something for everyone.
Main Towns in the Rotorua Region
Other Towns in the Rotorua Region | <urn:uuid:9c22087f-a211-44d7-a444-943784d92d3f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.newzealandexplorer.com/north-island/rotorua.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.928675 | 805 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Duplicity is a series of dramatic underwater portraits filled with an emotional energy that emanates from the canvas. In each scene, artist Barbara Cole captures hazy, mirrored figures that blur the lines between reality and fiction. Although the complex arrangements have many painterly qualities, the compositions are actually photographs that draw upon a variety of creative techniques.
Cole uses plastic sheets, cloth, clouds, and reflections combined with artificial lighting and deliberately adjusted camera settings to produce the beautifully dynamic scenes that are filled with a sense of mystery. Her faceless female forms seem trapped in a world of emotionally-charged chaos. The artist creates a tension between her subjects and the surrounding space, challenging her viewers to reconsider how we perceive the relationship between our own bodies and the space around us.
Cole says, “By seeing through water, rather than through air, I am able to re-envision the nature of our relationship to our surroundings. Working in the water also provides an ideal space to continue to explore figurative. It also allows me to refocus attention on this natural resource that we have in abundance and is often taken for granted.” | <urn:uuid:4d747b7b-4845-4a35-af5a-78f9a59e9098> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mymodernmet.com/barbara-cole-duplicity/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.959771 | 228 | 1.59375 | 2 |
McMaster Egg Slide
The McMaster Egg Slide is used for determining fecal egg counts, which is a useful indicator of an animal's health. The slide is of all glass construction. Each of the two chambers have a 10mm x 10mm grid which are permanently etched on the under side of the top cover. The volume under each grid is 0.15ml.
Photograph of 3875
Directions for Use
McMaster Egg Slide Catalog Number: 3875
1) Weigh out 2 grams of feces
2) Pass feces through a sieve into a dish containing 60 ml of ZnSO4 or saturated salt solution.
3) Stirring vigorously (transfer solution to a flask to prevent spillage), take a sample with a pipette or medicine dropper and load one of the chamber of the slide. Repeat and fill other chamber.
4) Wait 30 seconds for the eggs to float to the upper surface of the counting chamber.Two focal planes exist, with the eggs an air bubbles in the upper plane. Focus on air bubbles, then count the total number of eggs under both of the grids. Do not count eggs outside of the grid.
5) Multiply the total number of eggs in the two chambers by 100, this is the eggs per gram(EPG).
To clean the counting chamber: After completing the count, remove the cover glass and clean the counting chamber with water or a mild cleaning solution (10% solution of bleach). Dry the counting chamber with a soft cloth or wipe, or rinse with acetone. | <urn:uuid:dc51cda0-6863-4f14-a935-b859df835c35> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.hausserscientific.com/products/mcmaster_egg_slide.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00206-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.877194 | 317 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Breed Organization Affenpinscher Club of America Website: http://www.affenpinscher.org Native Country Germany Other Names Diabletin Moustachu, Affenpinscher, Affen, Monkey Terrier Life Expectancy Approximately 10-12 Years Litter Size 1-3 Puppies Breed Group AKC Toy, Terrier
Breed Appearance The Affenpinscher is a balanced. wiry-haired terrier-like toy dog whose intelligence and demeanor make it a
good house pet. Originating in Germany, the name Affenpinscher means "monkey-like terrier." The breed was developed to rid the kitchens,
granaries and stables of rodents. In France the breed is described as the "Diablotin Moustachu" or the mustached little devil. Both
describe the appearance and attitude of this delightful breed. The total overall appearance of the Affenpinscher is more important
than any individual characteristic. He is described as having a neat but shaggy appearance.
Breed Description This dog exhibits a mixture of exuberance and
serenity. He is lively, alert, loyal, affectionate, bold, and rather
obstinate. The affenpinscher is a hunter of vermin and an excellent
guard dog that will bark a warning to alert his owner.
Head: Round. Monkey-like expression. Short muzzle. Slightly
undershot bite. Black lips. Ears: Small, set on high. If cropped, held erect and forward.
If natural, v-shaped, drop or held erect. Eyes: Round. Dark color. Body: Square body outline. Short neck. Ribs slightly sprung.
Well developed breast. Underline slightly tucked up at the loin.
Straight short back sloping slightly from withers to croup. Tail: Docked to approximately three vertebrae. Set high and
carried erect. Hair: Harsh and dense on the body. Less harsh on the head,
standing off and framing the face. Bushy eyebrows, full beard. Coat: Preferably black. Brown or gray markings or nuances
permissible. Size: 25 to 30 cm (10-12 in). Weight: 4 kg (9 lb) or less.
History One of the most ancient of toy dogs, the
Affenpinscher (translated from German as Monkey-Terrier) originated
in Central Europe. During the 17th century, small terriers were
frequently kept around stables, on farms or in stores where they
served as ratters. Bred down in size, these small terriers became
companions in the home and kept mice from overrunning their
mistresses' boudoirs. The Affenpinscher is believed to have been a
major influence in the development of many of the smaller
rough-coated breeds of continental Europe, including the Brussels
Griffon and the Miniature Schnauzer. The area around Munich,
Germany, eventually became the heart of Affenpinscher breeding in
The breed was admitted to the American Kennel Club in 1936. This
quaint little dog's popularity has been overshadowed by that of his
descendent, the Brussels Griffon, but more recently he is enjoying a
return to favor.
Behavior Affenpinschers have a distinct appearance that
some associate with terriers. They are different from terriers,
however, in that they are actually part of the pinscher-schnauzer
subgroup of group 2 in the FCI classification so often get along
with other dogs and pets. They are active, adventurous, curious, and
stubborn, but they are also fun-loving and playful. The breed is
confident, lively, affectionate towards family members and also very
protective of them. This loyal little dog enjoys being with its
family. It needs consistent, firm training because some can be quite
difficult to housebreak. The training should be varied because the
dog can easily become bored.
Affenpinschers are somewhat territorial when it comes to their toys
and food, so they are not recommended for very small children. This
dog is mostly quiet but can become very excited if attacked or
threatened and shows no fear toward any aggressor. It is best suited
for a family who likes a show and has a sense of humor.
Health A small sample of Affenpinschers in a UK survey
had a median lifespan of 11.4 years, which is a typical lifespan for
a purebred dog, but a bit lower than most breeds of their size. The
most common causes of death were old age (24%), urologic (19%), and
"combinations" (14%). The Affenpinscher can get hip dysplasia. As
with many small breeds of dog they are prone to collapsed trachea,
which is best avoided by walking the dog with a harness instead of a
collar. Cataracts are occasionally reported.
Advice This breed can make a good house dog. Daily
brushing and combing is required. | <urn:uuid:47fccb00-1cf9-4a96-9a04-c0b3a62852b8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.furrycritter.com/resources/dogs/Monkey_Dog.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00388-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92642 | 1,066 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Workers, employees, managers
Equipment, vehicles, furniture
Petrol and oil
Gas and coal
Rain forest in the Amazon
Demand economy and supply economy
Free trade and command economy
Command and free market economy
Demanding and free economy
Free market economy
In a world of limited resources, it protects and make a fair and efficient use of these resources.
It gives wealth to the rich and protects the poor
Competition provides the market with competitive prices of goods and services
People are motivated and utilizes resources efficiently
NHS, DVLA, local council,local housing associations
Virgin trains,BT,and National express
Manufacturing, hospitality, service industry
IT,Shipping,and Oil exploration
No - In general it does not make effective use of resources, and increases national debt.
Yes - it gives people of all incomes health care through private companies
Yes - it provides for a mostly upper class population
No - it would put more people out of work
Yes - companies like G4S have provided an excellent service, providing security for the Olympic games
Yes - A4e is escellent at providing employment services with no corruption
Yes - in general public sector privatistion can lead to lower prices due to competition, with some exceptions
Yes - privatization leads to employment
It gives people choice, freedom and the ability to make a profit from using resources more efficiently.
Resources are controlled by the state, allocating them when needed.
The resources are centrally planned by the authority
Everybody will benefit in an equal way
Government, local council,police
Mining, farming, fishing | <urn:uuid:eee4fe5f-f657-4788-9b91-88243d74f886> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=how-economic-systems-attempt-to-allocate-resources-effectively | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00355-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.902525 | 332 | 2.453125 | 2 |
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Originally Posted by dj7984 View Post
The wood might lower the GH/pH slightly, but not significantly, but here we need to know the KH as this buffers pH.
Back to the fish, you have a mix of soft water and hard water fish which is going to be problematic. Livebearers need the harder water, especially molly, or they will have health issues and likely premature death. Soft water fish like loaches are happier in softer water. We can discuss this more when we know the numbers for the GH and KH.
Byron Hosking, BMus, MA
Vancouver, BC, Canada
The aquarist is one who must learn the ways of the biologist, the chemist, and the veterinarian. [unknown source]
Something we all need to remember: The fish you've acquired was quite happy not being owned by you, minding its own business. If you’re going to take it under your wing then you’re responsible for it. Every aspect of its life is under your control, from water quality and temperature to swimming space. [Nathan Hill in PFK]
|The Following User Says Thank You to Byron For This Useful Post:|| |
|Thread||Thread Starter||Forum||Replies||Last Post|
|Ammonia levels spiking like crazy! WHY?!||Jadgpanther4tw||Beginner Freshwater Aquarium||27||06-08-2011 02:16 AM|
|ammonia levels spiking||excal88||Beginner Freshwater Aquarium||6||04-10-2011 02:56 AM|
|HELP! My ammonia keeps spiking||Thomas214||Beginner Freshwater Aquarium||3||09-24-2009 08:08 PM| | <urn:uuid:c0e1a685-84bf-4f0f-92b4-cc341ce94415> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.tropicalfishkeeping.com/beginner-freshwater-aquarium/ammonia-spiking-95747/page3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718423.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00270-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.896633 | 380 | 1.820313 | 2 |
By Cathy ten Broeke
Five years ago this community came together around the vision that all people in Minneapolis and Hennepin County will have access to safe, decent, and affordable housing and the supports they need to sustain that housing. That remains our vision, and we have not wavered in our belief that this can be done.
Despite the challenges of the last five years — the economy, a major tornado, unemployment, and one of the tightest rental vacancy rates in a decade — hundreds of people working to end homelessness every day in our community did not stop. They worked harder. They worked smarter. And, in ways large and small, they were remarkably successful.
A collaboration that I continue to be impressed by and grateful for is the collaboration of the downtown Minneapolis business community and the Downtown Congregations to End Homelessness. Two winters ago, they created the Currie Avenue Partnership. Collectively, they raised the resources necessary to end homelessness for more than 150 people with disabilities who were sleeping in overcrowded downtown shelters. These individuals were connected to their own apartments, and nearly 90 percent have remained.
Now, thanks to support from the Downtown Improvement District and the Downtown Congregations to End Homelessness, a new community program is launching in September called the Minneapolis Host Home Program. This program will match our city’s homeless youth with caring adult volunteers willing to open their Minneapolis homes and their hearts to provide safety, shelter and support.
Every night in Minneapolis, we estimate somewhere between 400 to 500 young people are homeless. They may be couch hopping. They may be outside. They may be riding buses all night. They may be trading sex for a place to sleep.
Homeless young people, disconnected from family, are extremely vulnerable to personal harm and exploitation. Their homelessness is very destabilizing and distracts them from important priorities like school, extracurricular activities, and after-school jobs.
Community volunteers will be the key to making the Minneapolis Host Home Program work for our youth. The host home model is a proven community and volunteer-based approach to supporting homeless youth as they transition to independence. It allows youth to stay in their local community and be near school, friends and jobs.
It gives them time to finish school or pursue other goals without worrying about where they’ll sleep or what they will eat. While the youth stay in a host’s home only temporarily, the experience often builds meaningful, life-long relationships between youth and hosts.
Every night in Minneapolis, somewhere between 400 to 500 young people are homeless.
We are delighted that Avenues for Homeless Youth, which has years of experience coordinating the successful GLBT Host Home Program and the Suburban Host Home Program, is the “host” and guide for the program.
The Minneapolis Host Home Program is actively recruiting adult volunteers to become host homes. Singles and couples, owners and renters — all are welcome to apply. Hosts will receive training and, once matched with a youth, strong guidance and support from the program.
Want to learn more? Attend one of these no-obligation evening information sessions in September (all locations in Minneapolis):
• Wed., Sept. 19, 6:30-8 pm, Saint Mary’s Greek Orthodox Church, 3450 Irving Ave. S.
• Thursday, Sept. 20, 6:30-8 pm, Hennepin Avenue United Methodist Church, 511 Groveland Ave.
• Mon., Sept. 24, 6:30-8 pm, Midtown YWCA, 2121 E. Lake St.
• Sat., Sept. 29, 10:30 am — 12 pm, Sumner Library, 611 Van White Mem. Blvd.
Call 612-522-1690 and ask for Deena or go to www.minneapolishosthome.org for more information.
Cathy ten Broeke is director of the Minneapolis/Hennepin County Office to End Homelessness. | <urn:uuid:14dfae3c-136d-4128-9146-7b4c450f60ec> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://spokesman-recorder.com/2012/09/12/new-program-seeks-host-homes-to-shelter-homeless-mpls-youth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00429-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942505 | 818 | 1.625 | 2 |
200-355 Implementing Cisco Wireless Network Fundamental Test
Q) A network engineer is connected via wireless to a Cisco Aire OS WLC and wants to download the configuration but is unable to do so. Which change will correct the issue?
A. enable management via wireless
B connect via wired network
C. enable Telnet
D. enable Web Auth Secure Web
E. connect on 5-GHz SSID
Q) An engineer is trying to convert the IP Address of the wireless controller to amend DHCP Option 43 configuration on the DHCP server. What mathematical format must the IP address of the Wireless controller be converted to in order to function correctly?
Q) A customer wants to deploy a mesh network with 2 root access points and 10 mesh access points. The root access points should be configured as which mode on the WLC?
B. Flex Connect
D. rouge detection
Q) A customer has completed the installation of an 802.11ac greenfield deployment at their corporate headquarters. They would like to leverage 802.11ac enhanced speeds on the trusted employee WLAN. In order to configure the employee WLAN, what Layer 2 security policies are valid?
A. WPA2 (TKIP)
Q) A customer cannot access the GUI on the Cisco 5508 Wireless Controller from the management interface due to network failure. Which interface can the customer use to access the WLC GUI until the network issues are resolved?
C. console port
D. service port
Q) Which interface is used to connect the foreign and anchor controllers?
Q) An engineer is trying to determine from the controller CLI whether or not Telnet is enabled on the wireless controller. Which command can be entered to display this information?
A. show network summary
B. show aaa auth
C. show radius summary
D. show ldap statistics
Who this course is for:
- Those who want to get knowledge on Certification & Check your Skill Test while attend this Practice Test
Indomi Tech Solutions is a knowledge hub that providers an effective knowledge of everything. Testing certification tests and video training on different technologies.
Indomi Tech Solutions is dedicated to help you learn in a simple and intuitive way. It is a hub of knowledge curious to learn and guide the certifications of the IT world.
if you are looking to develop strong knowledge and a good score in any of our tests and practice courses, sign up now! | <urn:uuid:f2f11b9a-bc52-429c-8e08-3ac9308c864c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.udemy.com/course/200-355-implementing-cisco-wireless-network-fundamental-test/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.86325 | 581 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Alpheus Arter, retired, is among the highly esteemed and representative citizens of Lisbon, where he has spent
his entire life. He was born in this city in 1841, the son of Jacob Arter.
Jacob Arter was among the first settlers of Lisbon, having come here in 1830 from his birthplace in York County,
Pa. He engaged in the saddlery and harness making business and established a business which was later carried on
by his son and grandsons. He is deceased and is buried in Lisbon.
Alpheus Arter was reared and educated in Lisbon and ranks among the pioneer business men of this section. Besides
his harness and saddlery business he founded the Arter Manufacturing Company in 1895, which is now known as Arter
Sons' Company. Mr. Arter is a stockholder in the Peoples' Bank of Lisbon and is actively connected with various
other business institutions of the city.
Mr. Arter was married three times. His first wife was a Miss Huston, three children were born to this union: Frank,
Lyman and Mrs. Carrie Ramsey, all of whom live in Lisbon. Mr. Arter's second wife was Sarah Hamilton. She died
1891; to this union six children were born: Harry G., a sketch of whom appears in this
volume; Dora M.; Minnie C.; James S.; Robert, of Lisbon, Ohio, and Allen who was killed while serving in the World
War and is buried in France. Mr. Arter's present wife was Nannie Shaw; no children have been born to this union.
Alpheus Arter served in Company C, Eighty seventh Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry during the Civil War.
Mr. Arter is a Republican and is widely known in Columbiana County.
History of Columbiana County, Ohio
By: Harold B. Barth
Historical Publishing Company
Columbiana County, Ohio Biographies
Names A to F
Names G to M
Names N to Z
For all your genealogy needs visit Linkpendium | <urn:uuid:6e3b0c3b-f680-48a5-8a34-2b77b7a208c3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.onlinebiographies.info/oh/colum/arter-a.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00559-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977899 | 427 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Wells Fargo was fined $185 million because of employees opening up millions of fake accounts to meet their numbers. Citigroup lost a $158 million lawsuit by the Department of Justice due to fraudulent loan practices. GlaxoSmithKline needed to pay $3 billion for misleading safety information on their drugs.
All of these sound like massive sums – until you put them in context.
In the Infinite Game, Simon Sinek reports that Wells Fargo’s fine was less than one percent of their total profit of $22 billion the year they were fined and only 0.2 percent of their total revenues of nearly $95 billion. It’s the equivalent of someone who makes $75,000 in annual salary being fined $150.*
Citigroup’s judgment was 1.4 percent of their net income of $11.2 billion, and consider GSK’s $3 billion fine against the $25 billion in sales for those prescriptions.
I thought of this when our local grocery chain hung a big banner proclaiming that they were donating “1 million dollars and hours” to support racial equality and unity. I wondered if it was a significant step in response to the negative PR the chain received for boarding up all of their stores after George Floyd’s death – even though the closest violent protest was over an hour away. But $1 million seems modest in comparison to last year’s $10.6 billion in revenue.
Put the numbers you see in perspective – especially big numbers that are hard to grasp. Millions and billions aren’t always that significant in the overall. | <urn:uuid:5a648c20-486f-4493-9ec6-112a02c267eb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://leadershipdots.com/2020/08/04/leadership-dot-2972-a-lot/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.971947 | 330 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Elective at semester(s) 6, 8, ECTS: 3
The aim of the lesson is to introduce the use of structure and concept analysis for the interpretation of the joint forms of picture and text, to focus on the analysis and use of fundamental software tools in order to create 2d or 4d (including time) optical outcomes, either printed or digital, to work on the essential design patterns and habits of writing.
WEBPAGE STRUCTURE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Throughout the course there is a series of essential context lectures aiming at highlighting the relationships between the text and the icon/picture elements as they are active within time periods.
As a major case study for the ongoing year there is a thorough examination of the active web page of the department in order to identify the core meaning and the purpose of the digital presentation and the possibility of changing or restructuring its fundamental reason.
JOHN BERGER, Ways of Seeing, Penguin, 1977.
EDWARD TUFTE, Envisioning Information, Graphics Press, 1990.
EDWARD TUFTE, Visual Explanations, Graphics Press, 1990.
ROBERT BRIGHURST, Elements of Typographic Style, Hartley & Marks, 1992.
DAVID CARSON, The End of Print, Lawrence King Publishers, 1991.
BORIS GYRULNIK, The dawn of Meaning, McGraw-Hill, 1993.
ROLAND BARTHES, Mythologies, Editions du Seuil, 1970.
GUNTHER KRESS & THEO VAN LEEUWEN, The Grammar of Visual Design, Routledge, 1996. | <urn:uuid:6c736c11-1a01-444a-88bc-486b5f8aea20> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.arch.uth.gr/en/studies/course/30/6 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.815219 | 342 | 2.71875 | 3 |
|611: Pusey House Chapel, Oxford, England|
|Other reports | Comment on this report|
Mystery Worshipper: Kentucky Anglican.
The church: Pusey House Chapel, Oxford, England.
Denomination: Church of England.
The building: Pusey House and its chapel are on St Giles Street. The exterior is done up like most other buildings in the university, covered in if not composed of dark golden stone.
The church: Pusey House was founded by proponents of the Oxford Movement (a Catholic revival within the Church of England) in 1884 in honour of E.B. Pusey, a leader of the renewal. The house is described as a chaplaincy to members of the university, founded when the university was in imminent danger of secularization. Fortunately, this travesty was averted, and therefore the house is intended to "complement the work of college chapels."
The neighbourhood: Pusey House is situated next to Regent's Park College (which is Baptist, no less) and not far from Mary Magdalene Church and the Martyrs' Memorial.
The cast: Rev. Philip Ursell, Rev. William Davage, and Rev. Barry Orford, assisted by a number of servers and acolytes.
What was the name of the service?
11.00am High Mass, Trinity Sunday.
How full was the building?
There were perhaps 50 of us present. At least half were older graduates and assorted members of the university in some shape or form, while the rest were undergraduates.
Did anyone welcome you personally?
My two friends and I made our way into the chapel about two minutes before the service, so most people were already seated and the priests no doubt doing whatever it is they do before a High Mass; a few people straggled in late after we did. One latecomer paused to genuflect, which when I think about it seems only right to do when you're late. Perhaps I'll recommend it at my church at home when I return, although I don't think it will be enthusiastically adopted.
Was your pew comfortable?
We sat in reasonably comfortable chairs, but the kneelers were something of a trick for me. I'm sure they're fine, but I always fall off of them, not being used to such practices. I never remember to kneel until I see everyone else do it, and sometimes when I fall off the things (and sideways into the floor) I don't bother getting up again. Maybe it makes me look more devoted. I'm sure if I were noticed I'd be thought charismatic and promptly exorcised. If some charismatics I knew saw me kneeling before the blessed sacrament, they'd want to exorcise me as well. So either way...
How would you describe the pre-service atmosphere?
Some were talking, others were sitting quietly and others were kneeling an interesting mixture. This made the atmosphere seem somewhat relaxed and free, which made me more comfortable. I spent my time trying to figure out where they'd hidden the order of service. I'd also never been present at a service with incense before, so I was all confused as it began.
What were the exact opening words of the service?
"The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit be with you all..."
What books did the congregation use during the service?
They used the New English Hymnal, along with a small yellow leaflet announcing the hymns and the lectionary passages. I finally discovered that the liturgy was printed in permanent hymnal inserts by the time we got to the confession and absolution.
What musical instruments were played?
Someone played a quite majestic organ.
Did anything distract you?
This style was all very new to me "poor boys, you must be terribly confused," said Father after mass so being the enthusiastic neophyte wannabe Anglo-Catholic that I am, I was distracted by most of it, such as the incense (I thought the lady up front was going to pass out in the thick of the smoke), the candles, and of course the golden vestments. I was busy trying to remember when to kneel (though it was written in the service inserts) and pondering when to cross myself. I must confess, my only real problem was the fierce organ music during the prayers, which I suppose should have brought to mind the worship in the Book of Revelation, but instead, it brought to mind "Phantom of the Opera". And with all those bright, coloured robes, I was already thinking about Broadway. I didn't get really distracted until they rang the bell at the consecration; we don't do that in Baptist or low-church Anglican circles so it was very surreal and very funny. I nearly swallowed my tongue trying not to laugh; I'll do better next time, I suppose.
Was the worship stiff-upper-lip, happy clappy, or what?
If this got any farther from "happy clappy" we'd be at a papal mass, I think. We were "worshipping the Lord in the beauty of holiness," smells and bells all the way.
Exactly how long was the sermon?
On a scale of 1-10, how good was the preacher?
7 I thought the sermon was well-delivered, and it was unexpectedly spiced with humour directed at T.S. Eliot, the university theology faculty, and other hapless folk.
In a nutshell, what was the sermon about?
Father Davage preached on the mystery of the Trinity, bringing to mind the formulations of the ancient church councils and reminding us that the Trinity is a mystery, after all, and not to be explained away or ignored, for it is key to our understanding of God as a relational God.
Which part of the service was like being in heaven?
The majestic music during the mass and the pomp and circumstance that really gave the feel of lifting up praises to a God who is High and Other, yet delights in us.
And which part was like being in... er... the other place?
I hate when I fall off the kneelers!
What happened when you hung around after the service looking lost?
My friends and I were greeted by the principal (Fr. Ursell) who was greatly sympathetic to our bewilderment, and then sent upstairs for drinks.
How would you describe the after-service coffee?
There was no coffee. We had sherry. We also spoke with an acquaintance from the theology library who very kindly sought us out, and then had an animated and friendly conversation with Fr. Orford on the history of Anglo-Catholic renewal, which we found quite interesting.
How would you feel about making this church your regular (where 10 = ecstatic, 0 = terminal)?
7 high church all the time makes me tired, but I quite enjoy the structure and aid it gives to community and personal devotion. The people seem friendly, and the sermon was certainly good.
Did the service make you feel glad to be a Christian?
Yes! I came away with a poignant sense of the organic nature of the church, with a continuity that stretches from Pentecost to the 21st century.
What one thing will you remember about all this in seven days' time?
Thinking of the throne of God during the eucharist. | <urn:uuid:c2fd7fe0-b570-42da-8bf6-285d0f3881a9> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://shipoffools.com/mystery/2003/611Mystery.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719136.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00468-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.982415 | 1,549 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Silverstone Fortress FT01by Christoph Katzer on November 10, 2008 5:00 AM EST
- Posted in
When it comes to high-end aluminum chassis, a few names come to mind. One name that should definitely be on your short list if you're interested in such a case is Silverstone. The Taiwanese manufacturer formed when a group of rogue engineers left Cooler Master to go their own way in 2003, and they have been building high-end cases and power supplies (and a few other products) since the split.
They recently introduced their new Fortress chassis series, and we will be looking at the black anodized version today. With this case, Silverstone follows the footsteps of Apple by producing the case - or at least the main frame - out of one piece of aluminum. That results in better stability as well as a cooler appearance since joints stay mostly unseen.
Silverstone chose to modify the cooling system relative to the ATX standard. The ATX standard says air needs to come into the case at the bottom front, which will allow airflow to cross over the mainboard and all the components, and then it will exit via the power supply and rear mounted fan(s). Minor tweaks in positioning of fans are one thing, but Silverstone mixes things up by having two large 180mm intake fans, one at the front and one at the top.
With more fans blowing air into the case, Silverstone creates higher air pressure inside the case, which in turn causes air to exhaust through every opening it can find. In the presentation on their website, Silverstone shows how the air will exhaust through the rear-mounted fan, the perforated side near the fan in the rear, and the front - again, wherever is an opening. One benefit of this design is that most of the air that enters the chassis will come through one of the two filtered fan intakes, reducing dust buildup and the interior. Silverstone has even posted a YouTube video demonstration.
There has been something of a debate among users for years about the best way to air-cool a case. Some people think it's best to have most of your fans as intake fans, creating positive air pressure -- like the Silverstone FT01. Others take the opposite view and feel it's best to have all of your fans exhausting air from the chassis, and there's the traditional matched intake/exhaust configuration that most cases use. Perhaps the best cooling setup depends on the overall case design, which is something we are working to test right now with the FT01. Initially, we will have results for the standard configuration of the FT01 that we can compare with other cases; however, we will update this article later today with testing results showing how reversing fan directions affects -- or perhaps doesn't affect -- cooling efficiency.
|Silverstone FT01 Specifications|
|Motherboard Form Factor||ATX, Micro ATX|
|Drive Bays||External||5x 5.25"|
|Cooling||Front||1x 180mm intake|
|Rear||1x 120mm exhaust|
|Top||1x 180mm intake|
|Front I/O Port||2x USB, 1x IEEE1394, 1x Audio, 1x Micro|
|Power Supply Size||Standard ATX|
|Dimensions||211 x 486 x 495mm (WxHxD)| | <urn:uuid:fdc72e4e-4938-46e4-b5ed-f0244d333471> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.anandtech.com/Show/Index/2664?cPage=2&all=False&sort=0&page=1&slug= | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00562-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931574 | 694 | 1.71875 | 2 |
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