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This information is provided free of charge by the Department of Industrial Relations
from its web site at www.dir.ca.gov. These regulations are for the
convenience of the user and no representation or warranty is made that the information
is current or accurate. See full disclaimer at http://www.dir.ca.gov/od_pub/disclaimer.html.
Subchapter 7. General Industry Safety Orders
Group 2. Safe Practices and Personal Protection
Article 7. Miscellaneous Safe Practices
§3309. Drainage and Ventilation.
(a) Trenches, tunnels and pits inside buildings shall have proper drainage and ventilation, or other means of protecting employees who work in these areas shall be provided as required in Group 16 of these orders.
(b) Sewage tanks and sewage sumps inside buildings shall be tightly covered and ventilated with a suitable vent to the outside atmosphere so located as not to endanger the safety of employees.
Go Back to Article 7 Table of Contents | <urn:uuid:97b24e16-0b63-4ef3-9762-66f6e672937c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dir.ca.gov/title8/3309.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00455-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.900819 | 204 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Published as part of our sister-site GamesIndustry.biz' widely-read weekly newsletter, the GamesIndustry.biz Editorial is a weekly dissection of one of the issues weighing on the minds of the people at the top of the games business. It appears on Eurogamer after it goes out to GI.biz newsletter subscribers.
What does the concept of "ownership" mean to consumers? On the surface, that's a fairly abstract, philosophical kind of question - but it's also a question which strikes to the heart of the ongoing debate about the future of games distribution.
Our most common system is, by and large, ownership based. Consumers pay a flat fee to buy a game - the product is the physical media itself, and as with any other physical product, owning it brings certain rights. Consumers can sell it on, or lend it to friends. They can play the game whenever they want, at no extra cost. They can actually display the product on their shelves, an often overlooked factor which is extremely important to many consumers, especially the over 30 age group.
There are essentially three systems which are being proposed as replacements. The subscription model, as used by most MMOs, can happily tie in with the concept of owning physical products, but removes the ability to sell the game. You can sell the physical media, but the purchaser can't use it to create an account in the game.
The digital distribution model eliminates physical media and resale rights entirely, but retains the concept of ownership in the broad sense - you purchase, not rent, the license to the game. Finally, the live streaming system proposed by (arguably technically questionable) projects like OnLive basically removes the concept of ownership entirely.
More than any technical challenges - or any particular desires on the part of games publishers - it's this fundamental difference in the approach to ownership which will, I believe, determine the eventual roles of each of these new forms of distribution.
Different market segments have different approaches to ownership. I don't think it's going to be possible to wean the planet's self-identifying "gamer" demographic - which could encompass up to 200 million people - off the desire for ownership. It will be equally difficult to wrest ownership from the hands of people with collecting, hoarding mentalities - which accounts for a pretty significant chunk of the entire human race.
For other groups, however, it's far more natural for entertainment to be transient and streamed, rather than being permanent and owned. People who watch TV or listen to radio in preference to buying DVD box sets or albums, or people who rent rather than buying their videos, are an obvious market for less ownership-focused approaches.
In a simple world, then, a publisher would choose the right kind of distribution and revenue model for each product based on its demographic appeal. To some extent, this already happens - one could argue that the distinction between web games, which are inherently a streamed service, and boxed games, which are an owned product, reflects exactly that balance.
We do not, however, live in a simple world. The reality is that no consumer sits exactly in one demographic group or another. Even today, media consumers all demonstrate a bewildering variety of purchasing behaviour. | <urn:uuid:e926e3dc-c902-40a7-ba43-a99cc4142cbf> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/the-collectors-article | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00250-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964835 | 659 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Most ground surfaces contain various types of texture gradient information that serve as depth cues for space perception. We investigated how linear perspective, a type of texture gradient information on the ground, affects judged absolute distance and eye level. Phosphorescent elements were used to display linear perspective information on the floor in an otherwise dark room. We found that observers were remarkably receptive to such information. Changing the configuration of the linear perspective information from parallel to converging resulted in relatively larger judged distances and lower judged eye levels. These findings support the proposals that (1) the visual system has a bias for representing an image of converging lines as one of parallel lines on a downward-slanting surface and (2) the convergence point of a converging-lines image represents the eye level. Finally, we found that the visual system may be less sensitive to the manipulation of compression gradient information than of linear perspective information.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
- Sensory Systems | <urn:uuid:dcd3e635-26af-44b5-8b68-566a8ff8ed81> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://asu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/the-linear-perspective-information-in-ground-surface-representati | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.898794 | 204 | 3.109375 | 3 |
NOTE: Although the toxicity values presented in these toxicity profiles were correct at the time they were produced, these values are subject to change. Users should always refer to the Toxicity Value Database for the current toxicity values.
Prepared by Rosmarie A. Faust, Ph.D., Chemical Hazard Evaluation and Communication Program, Biomedical and Environmental Information Analysis Section, Health Sciences Research Division, *, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
Prepared for OAK RIDGE RESERVATION ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORATION PROGRAM.
*Managed by Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-84OR21400.
Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) (CAS Reg. No. 108-10-1), a clear liquid with a characteristic odor, is a ketone with the chemical formula of CH3COCH2CH(CH3)2 (Budavari et al. 1989). It is widely used as a solvent for various paints, lacquers, varnishes, adhesives, and rubber cements and as an extractant for mineral oils. The most likely exposures to MIBK are by inhalation of the vapors and by skin contact (NIOSH 1978). MIBK is released to the environment in effluents and emissions from its manufacturing and use facilities, in automotive exhaust gases, and from disposal of consumer products containing MIBK (HSDB 1993).
MIBK is readily absorbed following inhalation (Hjelm et al. 1990) and, by analogy to other ketones (Parmeggiani 1983), is expected to be absorbed through the skin. Metabolism of MIBK involves an oxidative hydroxylation, followed by reduction to the secondary alcohol (DiVincenzo et al. 1976).
Targets for MIBK toxicity appear to be the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidneys, fetus, and mucous membranes. At high concentrations, MIBK is a central nervous system depressant, inducing ataxia, narcosis, and death in experimental animals (Krasavage et al. 1982, Specht et al. 1940, Specht 1938). Human exposure to lower concentrations has resulted in central nervous system effects such as headache, weakness, vertigo, insomnia, and somnolence. Gastrointestinal effects including nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, heart burn, and intestinal pain were reported also (Linari et al. 1964, Hjelm et al. 1990). MIBK has been shown to exert synergistic effects on n-hexane neurotoxicity in hens (Abou-Donia et al. 1985). Although MIBK is a central nervous system depressant, peripheral neuropathy similar to that induced by other ketones has not been documented.
Slightly enlarged livers were reported in some workers exposed to MIBK in workplace air (Linari et al. 1964). Increased liver weights were also reported in male and female rats orally exposed for 90 days (Microbiological Associates 1986) and in rats and mice exposed by inhalation for periods ranging from 2 to 14 weeks (Phillips et al. 1987, MacEwen et al. 1971). MIBK has been shown to potentiate carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats (Pilon et al. 1988). In male and female rats, subchronic oral exposure produced increased kidney weights and nephropathy (Microbiological Associates 1986) and subchronic inhalation exposure resulted in hyalin droplet degeneration of the proximal tubules and some reversible tubular necrosis (Phillips et al. 1987). These effects were not seen in other species tested. Rats and mice exposed by inhalation to high concentrations of MIBK (3000 ppm) during organogenesis demonstrated maternal and fetal toxicity but no teratogenicity (Bushy Run Research Center 1984).
Exposure to MIBK has been shown to irritate the conjunctiva and mucous membranes of the nose and throat (Hjelm et al. 1990, Elkins 1959). MIBK may also produce dermatitis, with skin lesions varying from erythema to small areas of peeling (Linari et al. 1964).
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (1994) calculated an oral reference dose (RfD) of 8E-1 mg/kg/day for subchronic exposure and 8E-2 mg/kg/day for chronic exposure to MIBK, based on a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of 250 mg/kg/day from a 13-week gavage study with rats (Microbiological Associates 1986). Lethargy, increased liver and kidney weights, and increased urinary protein levels were identified as critical effects. The chronic oral
RfD has been withdrawn from EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) pending further review (EPA 1995). EPA (1994) calculated an inhalation reference concentration (RfC) of 8E-1 mg/m3 for subchronic exposure and 8E-2 mg/m3 for chronic exposure to MIBK, based on a no-observed-effect level (NOEL) of 50 ppm from a 90-day inhalation study with rats (Union Carbide Corporation 1983). Increased liver weights and kidney effects were identified as critical effects. The inhalation RfC is currently under review by the RfD/RfC Work Group (EPA 1995).
No studies were available to evaluate the carcinogenicity of MIBK. Furthermore, EPA has not assigned a weight-of-evidence classification for carcinogenicity.
Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) (CAS Reg. No. 108-10-1), also known as isopropylacetone, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, and hexone (Budavari et al. 1989), is a ketone with the chemical formula of CH3COCH2CH(CH3)2 and a molecular weight of 100.16 (ACGIH 1986). It is a clear liquid with a characteristic ketone odor, a boiling point of 115.8C, a freezing point of -84.7C, and a specific gravity of 0.8017 at 20C (ACGIH 1986). It is moderately soluble in water (1.91%) and miscible with alcohol, benzene, and ether (Budavari et al. 1989). MIBK has a vapor pressure of 7.5 mm mercury at 25C and a closed cup flash point of 64F (18C) (ACGIH 1986).
MIBK is produced by the selective catalytic hydrogenation of mesityl oxide (Parmeggiani 1983). It is widely used as a solvent for synthetic resinous paints; lacquers; varnishes; adhesives; rubber cements; aircrafts dopes with cellulose acetate-butyrate bases; 2,4-D; and DDT. As an extractant, it is used in dewaxing mineral oils, refining tall oil, and cleaning metals (NIOSH 1978).
MIBK is released to the environment in effluents and emissions from its manufacturing and use facilities, in automotive exhaust gases, and from disposal of consumer products containing MIBK. In soil, water, and air, MIBK may be removed by photolysis and volatilization. The major photooxidation products are acetone and, in the presence of nitrogen oxides, peroxyacetylnitrate. The most probable route of exposure by occupationally exposed individuals and by the general population are inhalation and dermal contact (HSDB 1993).
Specific studies on the oral absorption of MIBK were not available, but absorption from the gastrointestinal tract can be inferred from systemic toxic effects observed after subchronic administration (Microbiological Associates 1986).
MIBK appears to be readily absorbed following inhalation. Hjelm et al. (1990) exposed human volunteers for 2 hours to 10, 100, or 200 mg/m3 (41, 410, or 820 ppm) of MIBK during light physical exercise on four different occasions. The relative pulmonary uptake was about 60%, and the total uptake increased linearly with exposure concentration.
Although no data were available regarding the dermal absorption of MIBK, by analogy to other ketones (Parmeggiani 1983), MIBK is expected to be absorbed through the skin.
In human volunteers exposed for 2 hours to 10, 100, or 200 mg/m3 (41, 410, or 820 ppm) of MIBK during light physical exercise, the concentration of MIBK rose rapidly in blood and
leveled off during the second half of the exposure but did not reach a plateau. No tendency for saturation kinetics was observed. The blood clearance was 1.6 L/hour/kg for all exposure concentrations. Two elimination phases from the blood were identified. The calculated half-times were 11 and 13 minutes for the faster elimination phase (0 to 30 minutes post-exposure) and 59 and 74 minutes for the slower phase (60 to 180 minutes post-exposure) after exposure to 100 and 200 mg/m3, respectively. In guinea pig serum, the half-life and clearance time for MIBK are 66 minutes and 6 hours, respectively (DiVincenzo et al. 1976). Fetal toxicity noted in offspring of rats and mice exposed to MIBK by inhalation indicates that the compound can cross the placenta (Bushy Run Research Center 1984).
After a single intraperitoneal injection of 450 mg/kg of MIBK, guinea pigs metabolized MIBK by -1 oxidation to the corresponding hydroxy ketone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, and by carbonyl reduction to the secondary alcohol, 4-methyl-2-pentanol. The latter metabolite may further be conjugated with sulfuric or glucuronic acids or may enter the intermediary metabolism to be eliminated as carbon dioxide or incorporated into tissues (DiVincenzo et al. 1976).
The concentration of unchanged MIBK in the urine of volunteers after 2-hour exposures to 10, 100, or 200 mg/m3 (41, 410, or 820 ppm) of MIBK was proportional to the total uptake. Only 0.04% of the total MIBK dose was eliminated unchanged via the kidneys within 3 hours after exposure (Hjelm et al. 1990). The amount eliminated via exhalation was not measured, but the investigators cited studies showing that 2 to 3% of a MIBK dose may be eliminated unchanged via the lungs after exposure. No data on the excretion of MIBK via the biliary-fecal route were located.
Information on the acute oral toxicity of MIBK in humans was not available.
Oral LD50 values for the rat, mouse, and guinea pig are 2080, 2671, and 1600 mg/kg, respectively (RTECS 1993).
In common with other ketones, MIBK potentiates liver injuries induced by haloalkanes. Gavage treatment of rats with 0.3 to 20 mmol/kg of MIBK prior to a challenge with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administered intraperitoneally at doses up to 0.5 mL/kg resulted in a dose-dependent potentiation of CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity (Pilon et al. 1988). MIBK can also potentiate cholestasis in rats. Daily gavage administration of 3.75 to 15 mmol/kg of MIBK for 3 or 7 days followed by intravenous doses of 5 to 25 mg/kg sodium taurolithocholate produced an enhanced decrease in bile flow after taurolithocholate challenge (Plaa and Ayotte 1985). Administration of the two major MIBK metabolites, 4-methyl-2-pentanol and 4-hydroxy-MIBK (1.8 to 15 mmol/kg for 3 days by gavage) followed by a challenge with intravenously injected manganese or a manganese-bilirubin combination (4.5 to 6 mg manganese/kg) also potentiated the acute cholestatic response induced by manganese or manganese-bilirubin alone (Vezina and Plaa 1988).
Information on the subchronic oral toxicity of MIBK in humans was not available.
In a gavage study, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 0, 50, 250, or 1000 mg/kg/day of MIBK for 90 days (Microbiological Associates 1986). Clinically, animals receiving the highest dose showed reduced weight gain in the absence of decreased food intake and appeared lethargic following dosing. Increased liver weights and alterations in clinical chemistry indicative of hepatotoxicity (increased alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and cholesterol levels) in the absence of histological lesions were seen in high dose animals. High renal toxicity, characterized by increased kidney weights, increased incidence of nephropathy, and increased blood urea nitrogen, serum potassium, urinary protein, and ketone levels, was observed also. Liver and kidney effects were present to a significantly lower degree in rats receiving 250 mg/kg/day. The lowest dose had no observable adverse effects.
Information on the chronic oral toxicity of MIBK in humans or animals was not available.
Information on the developmental and reproductive toxicity of MIBK in humans or animals following oral exposure was not available.
Exposure to 50-105 ppm MIBK for 15 to 30 minutes produced gastrointestinal disturbances and central nervous system effects in a few workers (Parmeggiani 1983).
In a study on sensory thresholds for various ketones, Silverman et al. (1946) exposed 12 men and 12 women to several concentrations of MIBK for 15 minutes. The highest concentration that most subjects found to be tolerable during an 8-hour period was 100 ppm. At 200 ppm, the odor was objectionable and eye irritation was noted; exposure to concentrations greater than or equal to 200 ppm produced nose and throat irritation.
Hjelm et al. (1990) studied the irritative and central nervous system effects in volunteers exposed to 10, 100, or 200 mg/m3 (41, 410, or 820 ppm) of MIBK for 2 hours during light physical exercise. Irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat as well as vertigo were reported at all concentrations but occurred more frequently at 100 and 200 mg/m3. Headache was reported at the two higher concentrations and nausea at 200 mg/m3. No significant effects were observed from exposure on the performance of a simple reaction time task or a test of mental arithmetic.
RTECS (1993) lists an inhalation LC50 of 23,300 mg/m3 (95,530 ppm) for the mouse. Smyth et al. (1951) exposed groups of 6 rats to MIBK vapors for 4 hours. All rats exposed to 2000 ppm survived, but all rats exposed to 4000 ppm died. Exposure to 19,500 ppm MIBK induced anesthesia in 7/10 mice within 30 minutes; after cessation of exposure, the animals recovered rapidly. Exposure to concentrations above 20,000 ppm produced anesthesia within 30 minutes and death in most mice (Krasavage et al. 1982).
Specht et al. (1938, 1940) reported that exposure to 1000 ppm caused little or no irritation of the eyes and nose of guinea pigs (the investigators conducting the study, however, experienced eye and nose irritation). During the first 6 hours, the animals exhibited a decreased respiratory rate that was attributed to a low grade narcosis. Exposure to 16,800 ppm caused immediate signs of eye and nose irritation followed by salivation, lacrimation, ataxia, and death. Nine of ten animals died within 6 hours of exposure. At 28,000 ppm, half of the guinea pigs died within 45 minutes. Examination of tissues showed fatty livers and congestion of the brain, lungs, and spleen.
MacEwen et al. (1971) exposed rats continuously to 100 or 200 ppm MIBK for 2 weeks. Observed effects included increased absolute and relative kidney weights, toxic nephrosis of the proximal tubules (100 and 200 ppm), and increased absolute and relative liver weights (200 ppm). No adverse effects were seen in mice, dogs, and Rhesus monkeys similarly exposed to MIBK.
In a more recent, 2-week study, Phillips et al. (1987) exposed Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice to 100, 500, or 2000 ppm MIBK, 6 hours/day, 5 days/week. At 2000 ppm, a slight increase in absolute and relative liver weights was observed in male rats. Histologically, increases in regenerative tubular epithelia and hyalin droplets in the kidneys were observed in male rats exposed to 500 or 2000 ppm. No treatment-related effects were reported in female rats and in mice of both sexes.
Rats exposed to 25 ppm MIBK (duration not given) showed a slight increase in pressure lever response. Exposure of baboons to 20 to 40 ppm (duration not given) did not impair discriminatory behavior, but exposure to 50 ppm produced delayed behavioral response times (Geller et al. 1978, 1979).
The duration of exposure in the studies presented in this subsection was not reported. However, because exposures occurred in the occupational setting, they are expected to be of either subchronic or chronic duration. Linari et al. (1964) reported on a study of 19 workers who were exposed daily to MIBK for 20 to 30 minutes during an 8-hour work shift for an unspecified time period. The MIBK concentrations in workplace air ranged from 80 to 500 ppm. More than half the workers commonly experienced weakness, loss of appetite, headache, burning of the eyes, stomach ache, nausea, vomiting, and sore throat. Insomnia, somnolence, heart burn, and intestinal pain were less frequent. Four workers had slightly enlarged livers and six workers had colitis. Clinical chemistry tests were within the normal range. Five years later, 14 of the 19 workers were re-examined by Armeli et al. (1968). Improved ventilation reduced exposure levels to 50 to 105 ppm and also reduced most of the earlier symptoms. Slight liver enlargement persisted in two workers, and a few gastrointestinal and central nervous system effects were still reported.
One group of workers exposed to 100 ppm MIBK developed headache and nausea, whereas another group complained only of respiratory irritation. Tolerance to MIBK seemed to develop during the work week but was lost over the weekend. Most of these effects were not reported at 20 ppm (Elkins 1959).
Although effects on the peripheral nervous system have been reported in workers exposed to ketones, particularly methyl-n-butyl ketone (NIOSH 1978), peripheral neuropathy has not been reported as a result of exposure to MIBK.
Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed to 0, 50, 250, or 1000 ppm MIBK, 6 hours/day, 5 days/week for 14 weeks (Phillips et al. 1987). Exposure to MIBK produced no clinical signs of toxicity. At 1000 ppm, slight but statistically significant (p less than 0.01) increases in liver weight and liver/body weight ratios were observed in male rats and male mice. Liver weights were also slightly increased in male mice exposed to 250 ppm. However, there were no gross or microscopic liver lesions related to MIBK exposure. Clinical chemistry values indicative of liver injury were also within the normal ranges. The observed liver changes were attributed to a compensatory response to an increased metabolic load due to MIBK. The only microscopic change observed was an increase in the incidence and extent of hyalin droplets in the proximal tubular cells of the kidneys of male rats exposed to 250 or 1000 ppm MIBK. No histologic changes were found in the peripheral nervous system.
MacEwen et al. (1971) exposed rats, dogs, and Rhesus monkeys continuously to 100 ppm MIBK for 90 days. No significant changes were seen in clinical chemistry and hematology parameters in the three species tested. Rats exhibited increased liver and kidney weights as well as hyalin droplet degeneration of the proximal kidney tubules and some reversible tubular necrosis. Adverse kidney effects were not seen in dogs or monkeys.
Spencer et al. (1975) reported that rats exposed to MIBK for 5 months at levels up to 1500 ppm showed minimal subclinical plantar nerve damage. This effect was later attributed to trauma sustained during activity in cages with wire-mesh floors (Spencer and Schaumburg 1976).
Abou-Donia et al. (1985) showed that simultaneous exposure of hens to mixtures of 1000 ppm n-hexane and 100, 250, 500, or 1000 ppm MIBK vapors for 90 days markedly increased the neurotoxic action of the weak neurotoxicant n-hexane, progressing from early stages of ataxia to paralysis. The clinical signs of neurotoxicity were accompanied by degenerative changes of the axon and myelin of the spinal cord and peripheral nerves. Hens continuously exposed to 1000 ppm MIBK without n-hexane for 90 days developed leg weakness with subsequent recovery, while inhalation of the same concentration of n-hexane produced mild ataxia. No histopathological changes in the spinal cord and peripheral nerves were seen in hens treated with MIBK, and the histopathological changes in hens treated with n-hexane were considered equivocal.
Information on the chronic toxicity of MIBK by the inhalation route of exposure in humans or animals was not available.
Information on the developmental and reproductive toxicity of MIBK by the inhalation route of exposure in humans was not available.
Pregnant F344 rats and CD-1 mice received whole body exposures of 0, 300, 1000, or 3000 ppm MIBK, 6 hours/day on days 6-15 of gestation (Bushy Run Research Center 1984). Exposure to 3000 ppm resulted in maternal toxicity consisting of clinical signs (rats and mice), decreased body weight gains and decreased food consumption (rats), increased mortality (mice), increased relative kidney weights (rats), and increased absolute and relative liver weights (mice). Treatment-related fetal toxicity, expressed as significantly reduced fetal body weight and retardation of skeletal ossification was seen in rats and mice at 3000 ppm. Exposure to 300 or 1000 ppm resulted in no observable treatment-related maternal, embryonal, or fetal toxicity and no teratogenicity in either species.
Information on the acute toxicity of MIBK by other routes of exposure in humans was not available.
RTECS (1993) lists intraperitoneal LD50s of 400, 260, and 800 mg/kg for the mouse, rat, and guinea pig, respectively. Studies reviewed by Krasavage et al. (1982) showed that a single dermal application of MIBK (amount not reported) produced transient erythema in rabbits, but daily applications of 10 mL for 7 days caused drying and flaking of the skin. Moderate irritation of rabbit skin was reported 24 hours after application of 500 mg MIBK. When applied to guinea pig skin, 5 or 10 mL undiluted MIBK held in contact for 24 hours under an occlusive wrap produced slight skin irritation.
When instilled into the rabbit eye, 0.1 mL of undiluted MIBK produced some irritation within 10 minutes, inflammation and swelling after 8 hours, and exudate with swelling and inflammation after 24 hours (Krasavage et al. 1982).
Cunningham et al. (1989) reported that mice injected intraperitoneally with 5 mmol/kg of MIBK 30 minutes before administration of ethanol (4 g/kg intraperitoneally) significantly prolonged the duration of ethanol-induced loss of the righting reflex, which was attributed to a reduced elimination rate of ethanol.
Some workers who were exposed daily for 20 to 30 minutes to MIBK at concentrations ranging from 80 to 500 ppm in workplace air developed dermatitis. The skin lesions varied from erythema to small areas of peeling and disappeared when protective gloves and creams were used, suggesting that dermal contact was largely responsible for the observed dermal effects (Linari et al. 1964).
Several subchronic studies explored the neurotoxic potential of MIBK. In unpublished studies reported by Krasavage et al. (1982), rats were administered intraperitoneal injections of 10, 30, or 100 mg/kg MIBK, 5 times weekly; after 2 weeks, the doses were increased to 20, 60, or 100 mg/kg and continued for 33 weeks. The only observed effects were lower body weights during weeks 3 and 4 and transient anesthesia during week 1 in high-dose animals. Toxic neuropathy was not observed at any dose level. No evidence of neurotoxicity was reported in dogs administered daily subcutaneous doses of 300 mg/kg MIBK for 11 months. Desquamation of the skin with no clinical or histologic evidence of neurotoxicity was seen in guinea pigs that received dermal applications of MIBK (up to 2 mL, with or without dimethyl sulfoxide) for 31 weeks.
Spencer and Schaumburg (1976) injected cats subcutaneously with 150 mg/kg MIBK, twice daily, 5 times per week for up to 8.5 months. The chemical was tolerated well, and no detectable peripheral or central nervous system damage was observed.
Information on the chronic toxicity of MIBK by other routes of exposure in humans or animals was not available.
Information on the developmental or reproductive toxicity of MIBK by other routes of exposure in humans or animals was not available.
Information on other target organs for oral exposure to MIBK was not available.
Although duration of exposure was not specified in the human studies, occupational exposure to MIBK suggests subchronic or chronic inhalation exposure to MIBK.
Reproduction and Development: Exposure to high concentrations of MIBK during gestation produced maternal toxicity and fetal toxicity (reduced fetal body weights and retardation of skeletal ossification) in rats.
Skin: Dermatitis has been reported following dermal exposure to MIBK.
Information on other target organs by other routes of exposure to MIBK was not available.
Information on the carcinogenicity of MIBK in humans or animals following oral exposure was not available.
Information on the carcinogenicity of MIBK in humans or animals following inhalation exposure was not available.
Information on the carcinogenicity of MIBK in humans or animals by other routes of exposure was not available.
Classification--EPA has not assigned a weight-of-evidence classification for carcinogenicity to MIBK.
No slope factors for carcinogenicity have been calculated.
Abou-Donia, M. B., D. M. Lapadula, G. Campbell, and P. R. Timmons. 1985. The synergism of n-hexane-induced toxicity following subchronic (90 days) inhalation in hens: Induction of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 81: 1-16.
ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists). 1986. Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices, 5th ed, ACGIH, Cincinnati, OH, p. 402.
Armeli, G., F. Linari and G. Martorano. 1968. [Clinical and hematochemical examinations in workers exposed to the action of a ketone (MIBK) repeated after five years.] Lav. Um. 20: 418-424. (Italian; cited in NIOSH 1978)
Budavari, S., M. J. O'Neill, A. Smith, and P. E. Heckelman, Eds. 1989. The Merck Index, 11th ed. Merck & Co., Rahway, NJ, p. 820.
Bushy Run Research Center. 1984. A Teratologic Evaluation of MIBK in Fischer 344 Rats and CD-1 Mice Following Inhalation Exposure, Final Report, EPA Doc. No. 50-8444071.
Cunningham, J., M. Sharkawi, and G. L. Plaa. 1989. Pharmacologic and metabolic interactions between ethanol and methyl n-butyl ketone, MIBK, and methyl ethyl ketone, or acetone in mice, Fund. Appl. Pharmacol. 13: 102-109.
DiVincenzo, G. D., C. J. Kaplan, and J. Dedinas. 1976. Characterization of the metabolites of methyl n-butyl ketone, methyl iso-butyl ketone and methyl ethyl ketone in guinea pig serum and their clearance, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 36: 511-522.
Elkins, H. B. 1959. The Chemistry of Industrial Toxicology, John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 120-121.
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1994. Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables. Annual FY-94, prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, D.C., NTIS PB94-921199.
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1995. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Cincinnati, OH.
Geller, I., J. R. Rowlands, and H. L. Kaplan. 1978. Effects of Ketones on Operant Behavior of Laboratory Animals, In: Voluntary Inhalation of Industrial Solvents, DHEW Publ. 79-779, pp. 363-376. (Cited in Krasavage et al. 1982)
Geller, I., E. Gause, H. Kaplan, and R. J. Hartmann. 1979. Effects of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and MIBK on a match to sample task in the baboon, Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 11: 401-406. (Cited in Krasavage et al. 1982)
Hjelm, E. W., M. Hagberg, A. Iregren, and A. L.f.. 1990. Exposure to MIBK: Toxicokinetics and occurrence of irritative and central nervous system symptoms in man, Int. Arch. Occup. Health 62: 19-26.
HSDB (Hazardous Substances Data Bank). 1993. MIBK, computer printout. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
Krasavage, W. J., J. L. O'Donoghue, and G. D. Divincenzo. 1982. Ketones. In: Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, G.D. Clayton and F.E. Clayton, Eds, Vol. II.C, John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 4709-4800.
Linari, F., G. Perrelli, and D. Varese. 1964. [Clinical observations and blood chemistry tests among workers exposed to the effect of a complex ketone - methyl-isobutyl ketone], Arch. Sci. Med., pp. 226-237. (Italian; cited in NIOSH 1978)
MacEwen, J. D., E. H. Vernot, and C. C. Haun. 1971. Effect of 90-day Continuous Exposure to Methylisobutyl Ketone on Dogs, Monkeys, and Rats, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA. NTIS AD 730 291.
Microbiological Associates. 1986. Subchronic Toxicity of MIBK in Sprague-Dawley Rats, Preliminary Report for Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC. Study No. 5221-04.
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health). 1978. Criteria for a Recommended Standard - Occupational Exposure to Ketones, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Cincinnati, OH. NIOSH-78-173; PB80-176076.
Parmeggiani, L. 1983. Ketones. In: Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, 3rd. ed, Vol. 1. L. Parmeggiani, Ed. International Labour Office, Geneva, p. 1170.
Phillips, R. D., E. J. Moran, D. E. Dodd, et al. 1987. A 14-week vapor inhalation toxicity study of MIBK, Fund. Appl. Toxicol. 9: 380-388.
Pilon, D., J. Brodeur, and G. L. Plaa. 1988. Potentiation of CCl4-induced liver injury by ketonic and ketogenic compounds: Role of the CCl4 dose, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 94: 183-190.
Plaa, G. L. and P. Ayotte. 1985. Taurolithocholate-induced intrahepatic cholestasis: Potentiation by MIBK and methyl n-butyl ketone in rats, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 80: 228-234.
RTECS (Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances). 1993. 4-Methyl-2-Pentanone. MEDLARS Online Information Retrieval System, National Library of Medicine, Washington, DC.
Silverman, L., H. F. Schulte, and M. W. First. 1946. Further studies on sensory response to certain industrial solvent vapors, J. Ind. Hyg. Toxicol. 28: 262-266. (Cited in NIOSH 1978)
Smyth, H. F., Jr., C. P. Carpenter, and C. S. Weil. 1951. Range-finding toxicity data: List IV, Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Med. 4: 119-122.
Specht, H. 1938. Acute response of guinea pigs to inhalation of MIBK, U.S. Public Health Rep. 53: 292. (Cited in Krasavage et al. 1982)
Specht, H., Miller, J. W., P. J. Valaer and R. R. Sayers. 1940. Acute response of guinea pigs to the inhalation of ketone vapors. U.S. Public Health Service, NIH Bull. 176: 1-66. (Cited in Krasavage et al. 1982)
Spencer, P. S. and H. H. Schaumburg. 1976. Feline nervous system response to chronic intoxication with commercial grades of methyl n-butyl ketone, MIBK, and methyl ethyl ketone, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 37: 301-311.
Spencer, P. S., H. H. Schaumburg, R. L. Raleigh and C. J. Terhaar. 1975. Nervous system degeneration produced by the industrial solvent methyl n-butyl ketone, Arch. Neurol. 32: 219-222.
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Vezina, M. and G. L. Plaa. 1988. MIBK metabolites and potentiation of the cholestasis induced in rats by a manganese-bilirubin combination or manganese alone, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 92: 419-427. Retrieve Toxicity Profiles Condensed Version
Last Updated 10/31/97 | <urn:uuid:a488c01a-6c7a-4832-9ed7-0e33fb5afcfc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rais.ornl.gov/tox/profiles/mibkrv.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.906453 | 7,622 | 2.234375 | 2 |
04:39PM, Thursday 16 June 2016
A special royal visitor joined pupils at The Royal School in Windsor on Wednesday as part of the British Nutrition Foundation’s (BNF) Healthy Eating Week.
Princess Anne, who is a patron of the BNF, visited the school in Windsor Great Park and chatted to pupils about the importance of eating well.
The students also took part in an orienteering food trail around the grounds of the school.
Professor Judith Buttriss, director general at the BNF, said: “Everyone was delighted with how the morning went.
“The Princess Royal toured the school and talked with the children about their BNF Healthy Eating Week activities, making vegetable kebabs in ‘food maths’, tasting unusual fruits, cooking, learning about dairy cows, and food orienteering in the school garden.
“The visit ended with a special assembly during which the children talked about what they were learning and why healthy eating and being active are so important.”
The Royal School is one of more than 6,800 schools across the UK taking part in the healthy initiative. | <urn:uuid:03980d25-9685-426c-87b8-f91d4d4cfbd8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.windsorexpress.co.uk/news/windsor/91807/Princess-Anne-visits-Windsor-school-to.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.97169 | 243 | 1.976563 | 2 |
Corinth: last stop, then homeward
Paul makes tents for a living1 After Paul left Athens, he went to Corinth. 2 He met a Jew there named Aquila, born in the Pontus district. Aquila and his wife Priscilla had recently moved to Corinth from Italy. They were forced into the move because Claudius had ordered all Jews banned from Rome. Paul went to visit the couple. 3 He found out they made their living the same way he did, by making tents. So he stayed with them and worked alongside them. 4 Every Sabbath he went to the synagogue. He tried to win over the Jews as well as the non-Jews who worshiped there. 5 By the time Silas and Timothy arrived from Macedonia, Paul was spending just about all of his time telling the story of Jesus. He was trying to convince Jews that Jesus was the Messiah.
Paul shakes of criticism of Jew6 The Jews took a firm stand against him. They badmouthed him, too. Paul shook his clothes like he was shaking off their words. “If you miss out on getting saved, it’s your own fault. I did everything I could to help you. From now on, I’ll be helping the non-Jews.” 7 Paul walked right out of that synagogue and moved into the house next door. It was the home of Titius Justus, a man who worshiped God. 8 The leader of the synagogue believed what Paul had to say about the Lord. His name was Crispus. His entire family believed, too. A lot of people in Corinth listened to Paul, believed what he said, and showed it by getting baptized. 9 The Lord spoke to Paul in a vision one night, “Don’t be afraid to speak out. Don’t keep the message to yourself by staying quiet. 10 I’m with you. I’m not going to let anyone lay a hand on you to hurt you. It’s not going to happen. I have a lot of people in the city.” 11 Paul stayed there for a year and six months. He taught the people, passing along the message God wanted them to hear. 12 But the Jews eventually got so upset with Paul that they rallied together and took him to court. They brought him up on charges before Gallio, governor of the territory of Achaia. 13 They said, “He’s talking people into worshiping God in a way that breaks the law.” 14 Paul was just about to defend himself when Gallio spoke. “Listen to me, you Jews. I would have to put up with you if you came here complaining about a serious crime. 15 You didn’t. You’ve come here to complain about some word or name that’s not kosher according to your own religious law. Pardon me, but I have zero desire to pass judgment based on Jewish law.” 16 Then he ordered them out of the courtroom. 17 The Jews, livid that they had instantly lost, mobbed and beat their synagogue ruler, Sosthenes. They did it right there in front of Gallio, who didn’t seem bothered by it.
Paul sails home to Antioch, Syria18 Paul stayed in Corinth many more days. But he eventually said goodbye to the believers and sailed back to Syria. He took Priscilla and Aquila with him. Before leaving from the port city of Cenchreae, he shaved his head. He did this because of a vow he had taken. 19 They made a stop in Ephesus, where Paul would leave Priscilla and Aquila. But before sailing off without them, he went to the synagogue to deliver God’s message to the Jews and to reason with them. 20 They invited him to stay longer, but he decided against it. 21 As he told them goodbye, he said, “I’ll come back, God willing.” Then he sailed away, leaving Ephesus behind. 22 He arrived at the harbor in the city of Caesarea. From there, he went to greet the believers. Then he was on his way north to Antioch. 23 He spent some time there, but then moved on further north. He traveled from place to place in the regions of Galatia and Phrygia. He was on a mission to strengthen believers scattered throughout those areas he had visited before.
Apollos, smooth talker24 A Jew named Apollos showed up in Ephesus. He came from Alexandria, Egypt. He knew his stuff when it came to the Jewish Scripture. When he talked, people listened because he had a wonderful way with words. 25 Someone had taught him all about the teachings of the Lord. And he told the story of Jesus accurately, with energy and excitement. But he knew only part of the story. The only baptism he knew about was the water baptism of John the Baptist. 26 He was no wimp when he taught in the synagogue; he was bold. Priscilla and Aquila heard him. They later pulled him aside and taught him more about God’s ways. 27 Apollos later decided to move on. He wanted to go to the Achaia district in southern Greece. Ephesus believers encouraged him to go. They wrote to the disciples in Achaia, asking them to welcome him. When he arrived, he was a great help to those who had come to believe because of God’s kindness. 28 Apollos skillfully beat back the Jews in public debates. He used their own Scriptures to show that Jesus was the Messiah.
Corinth is about a 50-mile (80 km) walk southwest of Athens—two long days of hard walking, or three days at a more comfortable pace. It was a day-trip by boat. Paul left the thinking man’s town of Athens for the working man’s town on a narrow strip of land with harbors in two seas. It was a bustling town. Ships sailing in either the Adriatic Sea or the Aegean Sea would unload their cargo in Corinth and have it hauled across the four-mile-wide (6 km) isthmus and reloaded into another ship. This shortcut saved merchants from having to sail their goods around the southern tip of Greece, where storms could suddenly whip up the waves and sink the boat.
Pontus was a territory in what is now northern Turkey, on the southern coast of the Black Sea. It was roughly 350 miles (560 km) north of where Paul grew up in Tarsus, a city in southern Turkey.
Roman Emperor Claudius banned the Jews from Rome in A.D. 49. Roman writers said he did that because the Jews were causing trouble throughout the city over someone called “Chrestus.” The most common guess is the writers were talking about Christ, either misspelling his name or using an alternate spelling based on their Latin pronunciation of the title Christians applied to Jesus. Christ is the Greek version of the Hebrew word Messiah. Both words, in English, mean “Anointed One,” a leader that many Jews said would be coming on assignment from God, to save them from their enemies and to restore the nation of Israel to its former glory.
At least during his stretch in Corinth, Paul seemed to work as a bi-vocational pastor. It seems he paid his own way by making tents. He mentioned this in a letter he wrote to the church in Thessalonica (1 Thessalonians 2:9). Many rabbis in ancient times had a job aside from teaching their Bible (Old Testament) to Jews. Some Bible experts say Paul was probably making his tents out of leather. Others say he may have been working with goat hair.
“Shaking his clothes” sounds a bit like the instructions Jesus gave his followers when people refused to welcome them: “Wherever the people don’t welcome you, don’t stay. Shake the dust of that town off your feet. Use that to send your message of disapproval” (Luke 9:5).
Gallio held the Roman title of proconsul. He ruled Achaia, a Roman district that covered what is now the southern half of Greece, including the cities of Athens and Corinth.
This seems implied by the context.
Cenchreae was a port town about a seven-mile (11 km) walk east of Corinth. Ships leaving Corinth would sail from this port if they were headed for countries east of Greece, such as Turkey, Syria, Israel, and Egypt.
Bible experts can only guess what kind of vow Paul took. One guess relates to a Nazirite vow, which is famous for the order against cutting hair (Numbers 6:1-21). But it also orders people to shave their hair and start over if they come into some ritual contamination. For example, they were to keep themselves ritually pure by staying away from any food product made from grapes. Perhaps, some speculate, Paul wanted to make sure tradition-minded Jews didn’t think he had contaminated himself by his contact with non-Jews. Another guess is that Paul simply made a promise to God about something private, and shaving his head was one way of expressing his commitment to the promise. One more guess comes from the idea that Paul had just spent a year and a half among sailors in a Greek culture. After a dangerous voyage, Greek sailors grateful to still be alive would sometimes “shave their heads and…tell the story of their perils” (Satires 12, by Juvenal).
Ephesus was one of the four largest cities in the Roman Empire, possibly the third-largest. It sat on the west coast of what is now Turkey. Its port served as Rome’s main gateway into and out of what is now the Middle East. It was a melting pot of cultures and religions, and was already 1000 years old by the time Paul got there. It was also home to one of the Seven Wonders of the World: the Temple of Artemis, four times larger than the Parthenon of Athens.
Caesarea was a port city that King Herod the Great built on the Mediterranean coast about 30 miles (48 km) north of what is now Tel Aviv. He designed it after Roman cities and named it after Caesar because he knew who was really the boss. Romans used Caesarea as their capital in the Middle East for 600 years.
Galatia and Phyrgia were neighboring Roman districts in what is now western Turkey.
Apollos, it seems, had not heard about baptism in the Spirit, when God gave his Spirit to human beings. Yet the phrase describing him, “with energy and excitement,” is more literally “fervent in Spirit.” Some Bible experts say the writer of Acts was making the point that even though Apollos didn’t know about the Spirit, his gift for speaking came from the Spirit.
The writer of Acts said Aquila and Priscilla were forced out of Italy “because Claudius had ordered all Jews banned from Rome” (18:2). That’s not only in the Bible, that’s part of Roman history. How does that make you feel about the story that the writer of Acts is telling? How much authenticity do you think it adds to the story?
When Paul got to Corinth he did his usual thing. He went to the synagogue and “tried to win over the Jews” (18:4). You would think by now he pretty well knew what he was doing. And certainly, he managed to start congregations from among the Jews. Christianity did start as a movement among the Jews. But in the church today, the vast majority of Christians are not racially Jewish. How would you explain that?
The Lord came to Paul in a vision one night and told him, “Don’t be afraid to speak out” (18:9). Paul never really seemed to have a problem speaking out. Why you think the Lord gave him a message like this?
God encouraged Paul in a vision, saying no one was going to hurt Paul. Then God added, “I have a lot of people in the city” (18:10). What do you think God meant by that?
After reading about how Gallio responded to the Jews who took Paul to court (18:14-17), what do you think of him?
Why do you think Gallio didn’t seem to have much patience with the Jews when it came to matters related to Jesus—since that’s what their argument was all about?
When Paul left Corinth, he took Priscilla and Aquila with him. But for some reason, he left them in Ephesus. Any guesses why?
In Ephesus, a Jewish Christian scholar named Apollos got a lesson in theology from a couple of tentmakers, Priscilla and Aquila. They “pulled him aside and taught him more about God’s ways” (18:26). What do you think that says about him, and perhaps about Priscilla and Aquila?
LIFE APPLICATION. In trying to convince the Jews that Jesus was the Messiah, Paul realized when he had stopped making progress and was standing at the dead end. He essentially told the Jews that he was done with them. Then he left them on their own. When do we as Christians do that kind of thing? What kind of situation would warrant that?
LIFE APPLICATION. It seems that while ministering in Corinth, Paul paid his own way “by making tents” (18:3). There are a lot of ministers today who are bi-vocational because the congregation can’t support a full-time minister. What do you think about ministers put in that situation?
LIFE APPLICATION. Paul spent a lot of his time arguing, trying to convince Jews that Jesus was the Messiah and that Jesus rose from the dead. That sounds like a tough job. What are some of the toughest jobs you can think of in the Christian church? | <urn:uuid:d442e894-42fa-40b4-a067-2bcc6f003d78> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.casualenglishbible.com/bible_chapter/acts-18/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.986978 | 3,012 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Country Place is a departure both from Ann Petry’s first novel, The Street (1946), and from African American literary tradition. Country Place focuses on a community of main characters who are predominantly white; the book’s minor characters are of varying ethnicities and cultures within a small, rural New England town. The conflicts that arise between the characters, however, are conflicts of class. Petry focuses on the demarcation between the aristocratic and working classes to expose the town’s underlying foundations of bigotry, malice, promiscuity, and violence.
The novel begins with the arrival of Johnnie Roane in Lennox as he returns home from World War II. He immediately discovers, in his taxi ride with the Weasel, that his prolonged absence has forced him to view Lennox more clearly. His dreams of a loving reunion with his wife Glory, who he hopes will help him to “forget wars and rumors of wars,” are dashed by the Weasel’s sly innuendo of Glory’s affair with the town rake, Ed Barrell.
Despite his suspicions, Johnnie continues to idealize Glory, even though his love for her thwarts his ambitions and keeps him trapped in Lennox: “You want Glory . . . but having her means Lennox. So you forget you ever heard of a paintbrush or a drawing pencil or a place known in some circles as Manhattan Island.” Glory, however, is not willing to accept Johnnie back. His absence has enabled her to feel independent, and her job at Perkin’s store allows her to receive much attention from the men in town. Bored with the thought of marriage and domestic chores, Glory becomes attracted to Ed Barrell, the town stud with a bad heart, who habitually enters into affairs with married women.
(The entire section is 724 words.) | <urn:uuid:b67ed79b-5c9b-49c3-ba33-2dfd06c158c2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.enotes.com/topics/country-place | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00132-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977507 | 390 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Ghosts that Reside in the Land of Enchantment: New Mexico's Most Haunted Places
July 10, 2017 By Chelsea T.
Who doesn't love a good ghost story? Well, in New Mexico, there's a whole lot of them! From hospitals and asylums, to cemeteries, schools, theaters, restaurants, parks, bridges, and even roads, there's an endless amount of places throughout the state that are said to have some ghostly spirits lingering.
Some of these creepy spots are located in the biggest of cities that everyone knows about, and others in small towns that only locals may know of. Take a peek below to check out our Top 10 Haunted Places in the state of New Mexico!
1. La Posada Hotel - Santa Fe, NM
Photo by John Phelan, via WikiCommons
Santa Fe's La Posada Hotel dates back to the 1880s and is situated on six acres. The historic location features gorgeous landscaped grounds and fountains, and was built by Abraham Staab for his wife Julia. According to Legends of America, Julia loved her home so much that she seems to have never left! Her spirit is said to reside at the hotel, one of the first reports recorded as far back as 1979. An employee was said to be cleaning late at night and looked up to see a beautifully dressed translucent woman standing near the fireplace. A security guard also spotted the same woman and was so scared that he took off running. A hotel operator also reported seeing her sitting in an armchair and whenever her ghost appears, it quickly vanishes.
2. Luna Mansion - Los Lunas, NM
Photo by Teoflio, via Flickr
Operating as a steakhouse, the Luna Mansion is a historic building in New Mexico that is believed to be one of the most haunted spots in the state. Josefita Ortero, a former mistress of the mansion is said to be the ghost that lingers here. Witnesses have reported full body apparitions and a number of sightings but Josefita's favorite spot is in an old rocking chair on the second floor.
3. Shaffer Hotel - Mountainair, NM
Photo by Jasperdo, via Flickr
Mountainair's Shaffer Hotel dates back to 1923 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. A well known haunted spot in New Mexico, this hotel has drawn a number of paranormal investigators who have dubbed the place as truly haunted. Some have described lights that flash in the Wedding Suite and the unexplained smell of chocolate in the "Handicapped Room." Other reports include electronic voice phenomena, eerie photos and the word "Shaffer" spoken in response to the question, "Can you tell me what your name is, please?"
4. KiMo Theater - Albuquerque, NM
Photo by Steven Martin, via Flickr
Located on Central Avenue NW, the KiMo Theater is a well known landmark in Albuquerque. It was built in 1927 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. The theater is said to be haunted by a six-year-old boy named Robbie Darnall, who was killed when a water heater in the theater's lobby exploded in 1951. The apparition of a woman wearing a bonnet has also been spotted, but Robbie is the most active ghost, and the staff of the theater even has a designated space in the backstage stairwell for gifts and offerings in an attempt to appease his spirit.
5. Urraca Mesa - Angel Fire, NM
Photo by Kevin Gessner, via Flickr
A large mesa located in Colfax County, Urraca Mesa is on the property of Philmont Scout Ranch and reaches an elevation of over 8,000 feet. Legend says it is a "Gateway to Hell," and that several cat totems were distributed around to guard the gates and as long as they stayed in place, the gateway couldn't open. Stories say that the cat totems have been slowly disappearing and that one day they will no longer be able to keep the gates closed.
6. Albuquerque Press Club - Albuquerque, NM
Photo by Camerafiend, via WikiCommons
Located on Highland Park Circle, the Albuquerque Press Club is rumored to be haunted by a ghostly woman wearing a black shawl. Her ghost is known to hangout in the bar area and regulars call her "Mrs. M." Witnesses have heard the sound of high heels on the floor and claim that the piano plays on its own.
7. Dawson Cemetery - Dawson, NM
Photo by Images By Lane, via Flickr
Dawson Cemetery is situated in the ghost town of Dawson and is the only significant landmark that remains. The cemetery is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and in the early 1900s, two separate mining disasters struck the town and killed more than 400 men. Their graves are located here, row after row stretching up the hill.
8. Old Bernalillo County Courthouse - Albuquerque, NM
Photo by cmh2315fl, via Flickr
Dating back to 1926, this old courthouse building is said to be haunted by the ghost of a young girl wearing a school uniform with blonde braids. Haunting reports include cold spots, lights that turn on and off on their own and an old law book that came hurtling down a hall. Taped boxes have also been found open with their contents scattered around.
9. Santa Fe State Penitentiary - Santa Fe, NM
Photo by Sharon Sperry Bloom, via Flickr
Also known as The Penitentiary of New Mexico, this men's maximum-security prison dates back to 1885 and is operated by the New Mexico Corrections Department. Like many prisons that operated during its time, it has had a history of violence, grueling conditions and deaths and was the site of the well known riot that took place in 1980. Electronic voice phenomena has been captured inside the prison and the site has been a popular paranormal investigation spot.
10. Bottger Mansion - Albuquerque, NM
Photo bu Daniel X. O'Neil, via Flickr
Dating back to 1910, the Bottger Mansion of Old Town is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and operates as a bed and breakfast. The property is said to be haunted by at least four different ghosts, including its original owner, a woman who sighs, a grandmother, and "The Lover," who is known to get into bed with women while they're asleep.
Have you ever visited any of these Haunted Places? If so, let us know in the comments below!
Disclaimer: Haunts.com does not support or endorse trespassing to visit Real Haunted Places. Before you decide to visit a local real haunt, please make sure to acquire the appropriate permits and/or permissions, and be respectful of properties that are privately owned. A number of Haunt Explorers have been arrested, ticketed and reprimanded by authorities for trespassing, and we don't want that to happen to you! To avoid this, please be sure to contact the property owners before visiting a real haunt, and respect their hours of operation, local rules and regulations. Happy Haunting! | <urn:uuid:ff4a03fb-adc5-4283-b6f9-4aac079da4b2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.haunts.com/blog/haunted-places-new-mexico | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.971468 | 1,461 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Sedentary time may raise heart disease risk – sit less, move more
American Heart Association Scientific Statement
- Sedentary time — even among physically active people — may be associated with an increased risk of heart disease, diabetes and more.
Embargoed until 3 p.m. CT / 4 p.m. ET Monday, August 15, 2016
DALLAS, August 15, 2016 — Being sedentary is not just a lack of exercise, it is a potentially independent risk factor for heart disease and stroke, according to a science advisory from the American Heart Association.
“Regardless of how much physical activity someone gets, prolonged sedentary time could negatively impact the health of your heart and blood vessels,” said Deborah Rohm Young, Ph.D., director of behavioral research at Kaiser Permanente Southern California in Pasadena and chair of the new scientific statement published in the American Heart Association journal Circulation.
According to the statement, sedentary behavior may be associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes, cardiovascular disease, impaired insulin sensitivity (linked to diabetes) and an overall higher risk of death from any cause.
“There are many important factors we don’t understand about sedentary time yet. The types of studies available identify trends but don’t prove cause and effect,” said Young. “We don’t have information about how much sedentary behavior is bad for health—the best advice at this time is to ‘sit less and move more.’”
The authors also recommend that Americans strive for 30 minutes or so of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day to achieve the American Heart Association’s weekly recommendation of 150 minutes of moderate exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise. Instead of lumping all the exercise into one or two days, the goal is to encourage more consistent activity, Young said.
However, the authors found that moderate to vigorous physical activity does not cancel out the impact of sedentary time. Even physically active people who spend a lot of their time being sedentary appear to have increased risk.
Sedentary behaviors include sitting, reclining, or laying down while awake as well as reading, watching television or working on the computer. These “inactive activities” mean energy expenditure is less than or equal to 1.5 metabolic equivalents, or METs.
Light housework or slow, leisurely walking uses about 2.5 METs, moderate to vigorous physical activity usually requires 3.0 or more METs.
“Based on existing evidence, we found that U.S. adults are sedentary for about six to eight hours a day,” Young said. “Adults 60 years and older spend between 8.5 – 9.6 hours a day in sedentary time.”
Another issue, according to Young, is that it’s not clear whether people should replace prolonged sedentary behavior with simple movement or moderate to vigorous physical activity.
“There’s a lot of research that we need to do,” Young said. “This statement is important because it starts the ball rolling and suggests sedentary behavior may play an important role in heart health and more. But, it’s too early to make conclusive recommendations other than to encourage Americans to ‘sit less, move more.’”
Co-authors are Marie-France Hivert, M.D., M.M.Sc.; Sofiya Alhassan, Ph.D.; Sarah M. Camhi, Ph.D.; Jane F. Ferguson, Ph.D.; Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Ph.D.; Cora E. Lewis, M.D., M.S.P.H.; Neville Owen, Ph.D.; Cynthia K. Perry, Ph.D., F.N.P.; Juned Siddique, Dr.P.H.; and Celina M. Yong, M.D., M.B.A., M.Sc. Author disclosures are on the manuscript.
- Physical activity and sedentary activity photos are located in the right column of this release link http://newsroom.heart.org/news/sedentary-time-may-raise-heart-disease-risk-sit-less-move-more?preview=4352bc658521d95a13b5520eeb8f46f2
- After August 15, 2016, view the manuscript online.
- Get Moving! Easy Tips To Get Active
- Follow AHA/ASA news on Twitter @HeartNews.
The American Heart Association/American Stroke Association receives funding mostly from individuals. Foundations and corporations donate as well, and fund specific programs and events. Strict policies are enforced to prevent these relationships from influencing the association’s science content. Financial information for the American Heart Association, including a list of contributions from pharmaceutical companies and device manufacturers, is available at www.heart.org/corporatefunding.
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Julie Del Barto (national broadcast): (214) 706-1330; firstname.lastname@example.org
For Public Inquiries: (800)-AHA-USA1 (242-8721)
Life is why, science is how . . . we help people live longer, healthier lives. | <urn:uuid:25703d55-e48d-441f-895f-884c565e73b9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://newsroom.heart.org/news/sedentary-time-may-raise-heart-disease-risk-sit-less-move-more | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00405-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.891195 | 1,137 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Study Guide for History/Theory Entrance Exam
One of the responsibilities of any institution offering a graduate degree in music is to ascertain that entering students have an undergraduate level of competence in music history and theory. To that end, diagnostic examinations are administered prior to the first semester of graduate study. If, on the basis of those examinations, deficiencies are noted, remedial course work is assigned. Since these courses do not count toward your degree, it is important that you do well on the examinations.
This study guide is intended to help you prepare for the examinations, It lists composers, terms, and styles covered in standard undergraduate music history courses, and concepts and skills common to undergraduate theory training. Consequently, it may be viewed as an extensive memory aid, recalling to your mind what you already know. The following comments are offered as suggestions on how to use the guide.
The history exam includes questions on composers, terms, and representative repertory. Students are tested on terminology appropriate to each period, basic knowledge of composers and their styles/contributions to the repertory, forms and genres, key concepts and ideas, and representative repertory and characteristics from all periods of western art music.
The theory section is divided into five parts: 1) Part Writing; 2) Analysis; 3) Form; 4) Counterpoint; 5) Twentieth-century techniques. For the first, be able to demonstrate, in written fashion, the suggested voice leading, part writing and figure bass skills. For the other parts, be able to identify items when you see them in musical excerpts, and be able to provide appropriate analyses of given musical examples.
The theory section consists of five parts:
Part-writingTwo-chord examples and figured bass realization that includes chromatic chords (secondary dominants, secondary leading tones, mode mixtures/borrowed chords, Neapolitan sixths and augmented sixth chords). Writing in four-part choral style (SATB) using traditional 18th-century voice leading.
AnalysisChromatic chords (as listed above), modulation, non-chord tones (non-harmonic tones) and cadence types.
FormIdentify and label phrase structures (periods, phrase groups, double periods); tonal areas; concepts associated with simple binary, rounded binary, simple ternary and sonata-allegro form.
CounterpointRecognize, in a musical score, contrapuntal techniques and elements pertaining to baroque inventions and fugues (real and tonal imitation, stretto, canon, inversion, augmentation, dimunition, countersubject, answer, episode, sequence, motive, countermotive).
Twentieth-century techniquesAnalyze the following in musical excerpts: Tonality (centricity, neotonality, atonality, polytonality, pandiatonicism); Harmonic structures (secundal, extended tertian, quartal, quintal, added-note and polychords); Scale structures (pentatonic, modal, whole-tone, octatonic and other synthetic scales); Rhythmic/metric techniques (polymeter, additive rhythm, complex meter, tempo modulation, syncopation, asymmetrical meter); Set-theory analysis (pitch-class set, interval class, normal form/order, transposition, inversion, prime form); Twelve-tone (row forms, hexachoral combinatoriality)
Sample questions from parts one and two are provided in a PDF below. Parts 3, 4 and 5 involve analysis of musical examples such as:
Part III, Form. Mozart, Piano Sonata K 309 (I), K 333 (I); Beethoven, Op. 2, No. 1 (I)
Part IV, Counterpoint. Bach, Two-Part Inventions; Bach, Fugues from WTC, Book I.
Part V, 20th-century techniques. Music by Debussy, Bartók, Stravinsky, Webern, Berg.
Suggested Review Materials:
Clendinning, Jane Piper, and Elizabeth West Marvin. The Musician’s Guide to Theory and Analysis,
2nd edition (New York: WW Norton, 2011). ISBN #978-0-393-93081-8. Also see accompanying workbook and anthology.
Kostka, Stefan, Dorothy Payne and Byron Almén. Tonal Harmony, 7th edition (New York: McGraw-
Hill, 2013). ISBN #0078025141 (textbook). Also see accompanying workbook.
Benward, Bruce and Marilyn Saker. Music in Theory and Practice, 8th edition, Vols. 1 and 2
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 2009). ISBN # 0073101877 & 0073101885.
Green, Douglass. Form in Tonal Music, 2nd edition (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston,
1979). ISBN #978-0030202865.
Kostka, Stefan. Materials and Techniques of Twentieth-Century Music, 4th edition
(Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Pearson Prentice-Hall, 2012). ISBN #9780205794553.
Policy for Entrance Tests and Re-tests in Music History and
- All entering graduate students must take tests in music history and theory before beginning their graduate work. There is no exception to this rule.
- These tests are normally taken during the first two days of Orientation Week preceding the start of the Fall semester. Students who enter the graduate program in January or in the summer must take the tests before enrolling for classes.
- Students who pass these tests may enroll in graduate history and theory courses without restriction.
who fail part or all of these tests have two options:
- Students may take remedial courses to make up deficiencies. MuCT 506 is required of those who fail the theory test; MuCT 507 and/or MuCT 508 are required of those who fail one or both portions of the history test.
- Students may elect to take re-tests in the areas of deficiency. In this case the student is allowed one semester to study the material. At the end of the first semester of residence, usually in December, re-tests will be administered. THESE RE-TESTS MAY BE TAKEN ONLY ONCE AND MUST BE TAKEN AT THE END OF THE FIRST SEMESTER OF STUDY. Students who pass the re-tests are permitted to enroll in graduate history and/or theory courses without restriction. Students who fail the re-tests MUST take the appropriate remedial courses.
- Students who fail most of the tests may wish to balance independent study with remedial course work. Thus, a student who, on the basis of the history test, needs both MuCT 507 and 508, may choose to take one of the courses and study the material of the other for a re-test. This decision should be made on the basis of the schedule of course offerings, so that the completion of the degree may not be hindered.
Approved by College of Musical Arts Graduate Committee 9/12/1988 | <urn:uuid:caedec36-292b-47d7-b588-d15c1df0054e> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.bgsu.edu/musical-arts/current-students/study-guide-for-history-theory-entrance-exam.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721555.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00180-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.867673 | 1,488 | 3.578125 | 4 |
Honolulu first in the nation for solar per capita
News Release from Environment America, April 4, 2017
Honolulu - Honolulu ranks first for installed solar capacity per capita in the United States, according to new analysis released today by Environment America Research & Policy Center.
The report comes amid Trump administration rollbacks of Obama-era policies aimed at reducing climate emissions and encouraging renewable energy.
“Solar on thousands of homes and government buildings is helping Honolulu reach our sustainable energy goals. Sending money overseas to ship oil and coal to our island that is bathed in sun all year round just doesn’t make sense anymore,” said Honolulu Mayor Kirk Caldwell. “We are on the front lines of sea level rise and other climate change effects and we must continue reducing our use of fossil fuels. Solar will continue being a big part of the solution along with waste-to-energy, wind, and other renewable sources.”
The report, Shining Cities: How Smart Local Policies Are Expanding Solar Power in America, ranks Honolulu ahead of cities like Phoenix, San Diego and Los Angeles.
“By using solar power in Honolulu, we can reduce pollution and improve public health for everyday citizens,” said Bret Fanshaw with Environment America Research & Policy Center, report co-author. “To realize these benefits, city leaders should continue to embrace a big vision for solar on rooftops throughout the community.”
The figures in the report reflect the recent growth of solar across the country. The top 20 cities listed in the report have nearly as much solar today as the entire country had installed in 2010. In 2016, solar was the number one new source of energy installed in America.
The Solar Foundation just released new data showing there are 1,939 people employed in solar in Honolulu County.
Despite that growth, challenges remain for the solar industry in Hawaii. In 2015, the Hawaii Public Utilities Commission eliminated Hawaii’s net metering policy, a key driver of rooftop solar.
“Hawaii is a success story because of the high price of electricity, state tax credits, continued drop in price of technology, and sunny location,” said Colin Yost, Chief Operating Officer of Revolusun. “All of the success Hawaii has had is because of cheaper technology and constant consumer demand. The speed of solar integration in Hawaii will continue to increase because of that technology pricing and demand, despite policy setbacks."
Cities can push solar forward in a number of ways, according to the report. Among the recommendations, cities can set a goal for solar usage, help residents finance solar power and put solar on government buildings.
“Cities are big energy users with lots of unutilized roof space suitable for solar panels,” said Fanshaw. “Honolulu can continue to lead the way and protect our environment by using as much of its solar potential as possible.”
Link: Shining Cities 2017
LOL: No Blackout: RevoluSun Exposed
Environment America Research & Policy Center is a national environmental organization dedicated to protecting our air, water and open spaces. | <urn:uuid:15a30ebc-327e-4148-bf08-a047c718d6eb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.hawaiifreepress.com/Articles-Main/ID/19445/categoryId/49/Green-Energy-Schemers-Hawaii-success-story-because-of-the-high-price-of-electricity-state-tax-credits | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.924735 | 648 | 2.375 | 2 |
TIFLEAF 3 PEARL MILLET
Tifleaf 3 is a high quality leafy pearl millet hybrid developed by USDA-ARS at Tifton, GA. The production and commercialization if Tifleaf 3 is protected by Plant Variety Protection. It shows more resistance to rust than Tifleaf 2, one of the two major diseases on pearl millet in the United States. Tifleaf 3 matures later than most tall hybrids and will reach a height of about six feet if not defoliated. Heifers grazing Tifleaf 3 gained 412 lbs/acre compared to 345 lbs/acre for Tifleaf 2. Higher yields can be expected from Tifleaf 3 compared to Tifleaf 2 when there is moderate rust infection and from later plantings. It is important to specify Tifleaf 3 seed from your seed dealer. Most other cultivars are not as good as Tifleaf 3.
Major advantages of pearl millet as a summer annual forage:
1. High forage quality.
2. No prussic acid production.
3. High drought tolerance.
Tifleaf 3 can be planted when soil temperates are above 70 degrees. Per acre seeding rates of 10 lbs. in 36-inch rows, 15 lbs. In 24-inch rows, or 25 lbs in 7-inch grain drill rows should give good yields. Forage yields are usually reduced with later plantings in the summer (as with all summer annual grasses). Tifleaf 3 can be grazed when it is 15 to 18 inches tall. Use a stocking rate to maintain a 9 to12 inch stubble. It can be cut for hay when it is 2 to 3 feet tall. | <urn:uuid:68966196-150a-46be-987a-0d6b620290e5> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.seedranch.com/category-s/2173.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988725475.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183845-00509-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943788 | 352 | 2.046875 | 2 |
The use of first-hand service user accounts of mental illness is still limited in the professional literature available. This is, however, beginning to change, with a new 'recovery' focus in mental health services meaning that the voices of service users are finally being heard.? Recovering from Psychosis: Empirical Evidence and Lived Experience synthesises a narrative approach alongside an evidence-based review of current treatment by including Stephen Williams' own personal experience as it relates to psychosis, recovery and treatment. A mental health professional himself, the author's account of his own recovery from severe mental health difficulties, without sustained intervention, challenges the orthodoxy of representation of service users in mental health.
Recovering from Psychosis critically explores and reviews the current state of the art of research and knowledge about the nature and treatment of psychosis. Working simultaneously from empirical, lived experience and philosophical perspectives, Stephen Williams:
Evaluates political and power related issues in professional understanding, knowledge-creation and treatment of people with psychosis;
Introduces the current 'recovery movement', unpacking its origins and implications for the future development of 'recovery oriented services';
Reviews, summarizes and critiques the current state of 'recovery' research, looking at the advantages and disadvantages of such an approach, examining how this is influencing the transformation of UK mental health services;
Analyses the difficulties in organisational implementation of recovery approaches, summarises the most empirically robust approaches to practice, personal and service delivery measurement;
Reviews current 'models' of psychosis and how various professional scientific groups explain the experience and nature of psychosis;
Uses lived-experience accounts taken from the scientific literature, portraying the nature of such experiences and analysing them in the face of contemporary psychological models.
Recovering from Psychosis is an essential comprehensive guide for mental health professionals, psychologists, social workers and carers, who are working with people with severe and enduring mental health difficulties diagnosed as psychosis. It addresses the practical implications of working with such difficult conditions and serves as a hopeful story of recovery for service users.
|Size: ||782 KB|
|Date published: || 2015|
|ISBN: ||9781135045753 (PDF)| | <urn:uuid:24b2020d-3967-482d-8503-7ea3cf9f9e40> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.lybrary.com/recovering-from-psychosis-empirical-evidence-and-lived-experience-p-792191.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00089-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.921187 | 453 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Google to ‘anonymize’ user IPs after 9 months
EU pressure? What EU pressure?
After continued pressure from EU regulators, Google has once again revised its data retention policies, saying it will "anonymize" user IP addresses after 9 months.
On Monday, Google deputy counsel Nicole Wong announced the change during an online privacy panel discussion in Mountain View, California – though she initially avoided mention of the EU.
"About a year ago, in March 2007, we announced that we would limit the retention of [certain personal data] to 18 months," Wong told members of the Churchill Club, the well-known Silicon Valley business and technology organization. "We're now going to cut that 18 month retention period to 9 months.
"When we went down to 18 months...we could continue to innovate with our services while still protecting users. Our engineers have continued to work on the computer science problem around this, and they now think that after nine months, they can get most of the utility out of the data in our server logs, while giving better privacy protection."
Thankfully, a privacy watchdog was on hand to say that Google didn’t exactly reach this point on its own. "Google is certainly stepping in the right direction, but this came about in part because of pressure from European Union regulators, who have pushed hard on this issue over the past year," explained Jim Dempsey, vp of public policy with the Center for Democracy and Technology. "First, they pushed Google to specify 18 months and then they continued to push them to 9 months."
Later in the evening, Wong acknowledged as much. And Google details its back-and-forth with the EU in a blog post that went live while Wong was speaking in Mountain View.
Wong did not acknowledge that in March 2007, Google actually announced it was removing certain personal data after "18 to 24 months." It didn't go down to 18 months until EU laid on another several weeks of pressure.
According to Wong, Google has yet to decide how it will "anonymize" the logs. In announcing its 18 (to 24) month retention policy last year, the company stopped short of saying it would remove IP addresses entirely. Anonymization meant "changing some of the bits" in a stored IP address, making "it less likely that the IP address can be associated with a specific computer or user."
Google's latest privacy blog post indicates the company may not even go this far. "We haven't sorted out all of the implementation details [for the 9 month plan], and we may not be able to use precisely the same methods for anonymizing as we do after 18 months, but we are committed to making it work." ® | <urn:uuid:e60d49d2-12b5-445e-892e-179853d512e5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.theregister.co.uk/Print/2008/09/09/google_nine_months_data_anonymization/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00343-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966954 | 554 | 1.59375 | 2 |
TECHNICAL REPORT FORMAT
This book helps to guide you to publish a good technical report to draw attention to your details. Technical reports are a useful tool to work on a solution for problems at work. It is designed to convey an information or to draw recommendations and conclusions onto factual based concepts. It is important to learn to organize facts and information into a logical sequence that supports your thought process that eventually lead to successful recognition of impressive work. | <urn:uuid:405e9b3b-a8f0-4d15-badc-ae2ada272b3c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://aizancollections.com/N_ShowDetails.aspx?qBookID=EA2608 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.955206 | 90 | 2.3125 | 2 |
The article in the African journal for the physical health education recreation and dance seeks to evaluate and assess the expectations and the perceptions of different categories of people about the hosting of major sporting activity in the country or city. The research problem under consideration whether the host nation experiences significant changes to the economic aspects after and before the events.
The objective of the research is to evaluate the effects of the major events on the tourism and the economic sectors of the host nation or region of the sports event. The perception about the event provides an implication about the impact of the occasions.
The article executed the assessment using the happiness of the residents of the hosting nation of athletics events. The author however fails to describe in details how the experience of the Olympics in the Europe promoted the happiness of the citizens. The author further states that the medal counts could also be a factor in determining the impact of the mega sports event. The article fails to clearly show the survey that the author mentions and how the medals translate o the benefits and disadvantages of the activities.
The article uses survey on two major sporting events in different countries. The author is strategic in picking the FIFA World cup and the Olympics to represent the events. World cup and Olympics are statistically the main events globally and would clearly represent other sports experiences. The author uses data from the internet, archives and sports information institutes to study the impact of the sports occurrences.
The survey concerning the host nations of the Olympics clearly reveal that the mega events have social, economic and environmental effects. The article statistically indicates the percentage s of the locals to represent the perception towards the hosting of the events. The study on the Olympics clearly indicates that the residents were positive and welcoming to playing as the hosts. Although the article involved the factors of development that the Olympics can have on the nation, the author fails to describe in details with examples how the Olympics influenced urban growth. There is also a survey on the view of the foreign individuals about the mega event which also gives an account of the possible impacts on the aspects of the nation.
In relation to the World Cup events in various hosting nation, the article distinctively illustrate the negative and the positive impacts of the activities which indicated a positive attitude from the residents. The impact is even made clear by assessing the perception of people before and after the games to determine whether the effects are stable. The tourism is one of the main sectors that experienced improvement due to the sports programs. The research on 412 tourists revealed the significance of the World Cup in South Korea and Japan on the tourism level.
Despite the impacts of the mega-sports events, the nature of the host nation also contributes to the outcome of the activities. The beauty and the ability to attract individuals from other nations would determine the resultant effect of the events. For instance, the author cites Germany World Cup of 2002 where most visitors were attracted by the nature of Germany and not the tournament.
Host Residents' Perception Changes on the Major Sports Events
Shang Chun, Shang Min, Jih and Ian in the article describing the variations in the perceptions of the hosts on the main sports occassions seek to determine the homogeneous opinions clusters within a certain population of study the analysis concerning the opportunities and the insights of the effects of the events. The article in the introduction states that the mega-events result in long-term positive and negative impacts. The article in the literature reviews gives instances where governments have struggled to win bids to host the sports activities with the expectation of benefiting in the economic, social and environmental sectors.
To investigate the impact of the mega-sports events, the author describes the methods to evaluate the perception and the expectations of the host residents and the visiting individuals. The article distinctively describes the main theme of the study as to know the people's views and perception of hosting the mega events so as to justify successful occasions. The methodology clearly investigates and evaluates the Kaohsiung and the 2009 world games as a case study to reveal the perception of the host citizens. The article identifies the use of various techniques; the exploratory determinant analysis, confirmatory aspect analysis, two-step grouping and discriminant analysis were relevant in analysing data. The author promotes the accuracy of the result by investigating the impacts at three level; pre-event, post-event and during the occasions. The use of divisions in the perceptions as neutral, positive and negative is an appropriate scheme as some individuals may feel no impact of their cities playing as host. Additionally, objectives of the study are achievable as the author specifically investigates in the questionnaire the reasons behind the expectations and the views of the individuals under the study.
Moreover, the author engaged residences from all the four venues that hosted the activities during data collection. Using all the venues reduced bias in the results as the geographic regions could affect the perception of the residents and the responses to the questionnaire. The author has also spread the data gathering process to factor in variables such as the time, the weather since the responses about the impacts such as traffic jam would depend on the whether it's the weekdays or weekends. The control variables therefore promote the accuracy of the statistics.
The results in of the study depend on the data from the residents' responses before, after, and during the events. The categorization enhances clarity on the trend of the positives and negative perceptions with time. The authors, in all the study results clearly indicate that there was positive perception and anticipation by the host nations' citizen concerning the occurrences of the world occasions. The article however samples out the partially neutral responses of the residents in regions with tourism activities since they fail to expect disparities in their livelihood during the global sports activities. The main factors to account for the positive perception were due to the expectations of increase in tourism, employment opportunities for the locals. Although the article achieves its thesis statement with clear data collection methods and result description, the authors need to have factored the lifestyle of the people as an additional factor towards the perception and the expectation from hosting mega-events.
Host Residents Role in Sporting Events: The City Image Perspective
Daichi and Munehiko in their article aim to determine the originator and the result variables the hosting region perceptions. The article also seeks to analyze the effects of the insight on the behavioural intentions from the residents. The article suggests that the relationship between the sports mega event and the hosting center is a useful determinant of the image of the city. The authors' findings also reveal that there is a relationship between the sporting occasion and the attachment of the residents to the hosting town.
The article in its introduction categorically states that a sporting events need to benefit to the hosting nations. The author focuses on the promotion of image of the city as an advantage of bidding to be hosts. The writers are clear in their description of how the events can promote tourism as they gain competitive advantages. The authors, however, fail to recognize and mention any disadvantages that the role of playing hosts can have on the communities. The author however covers the theoretical methods of the study in the introductory section. The article needs to have presented the summary of the steps of analyzing the impact of the events to the hosting communities during the drafting of the abstract.
The article further identifies four hypotheses that are essential theme development. The use of the theory of reasoned action suggests that humans have a tendency to develop certain behavioural intentions which is predictable with various contexts. The article clearly describes how the way tourism behaviour such as revisits to the city can help predict the effect of the sporting occasion on the image of the hosting region. The writers also have developed a relationship among the hosting town and the sporting episodes. The use of the antecedent variable suggests that the brands of the sponsors would promote the image of the municipal. The authors however fail to elaborate on the aspects of the city image that can have a positive effect towards attracting visitors after the events. The article in its description concentrates on the after-occasion impacts but fails to consider the before-events aspects. The article needs to have issues suggestions of how the image of the hosts shapes the outcomes of the sporting activities. The artefact moreover in the analysis show that the sports occasions developed an attachment of the residents with their towns that host the functions.
The author as researchers authenticates the findings by identifying the limitations of the study. They clearly state that the outcomes of the research cannot be apply to infer general conclusions. The sampling method was inconvenient and as such generalizing the results would be inappropriate. The article therefore, fails to promote the accuracy in its finding s about the impact of the mega-events to the hosting urban centers.
Uses of the Articles to Individuals in the Field
The articles are essential to individuals working in the field in various aspects of their assessment and evaluation. The usefulness depends on the objectives that the field research seeks to attain. The main application is during the study of the impacts of the events on the host nation. The articles suggest the various methods and the corresponding steps that can help determine the various effects of the sports occasion (Banjo, 2011). The articles describe the effects on tourism and the economic sectors. The individuals in the field can use questionnaire and direct interviews to investigate and make inferences about the effects of a city playing hosts to an occasion.
The articles have a clear description of the methods necessary for research. The exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, two-step clustering analysis and the discriminative analysis are the relevant techniques that a person in the field can adopt in the field. The approaches are likely to produce accurate reveal the perception and the expectation of the residents as the main study elements (Ma, Ma, Wu, & Rotherham, 2013). The researcher can adopt the factors of study from the ones in the articles. The determinants are the employment opportunities, business opportunities, recreational benefits, and regeneration of urban centers, tourism, and the negative implications.
A researcher in the field can also apply the concept of the image of the host city as a determinant during the data collection on the impacts of the mega events on the city. The researcher also learns that despite the residents' expectations and perceptions about the sporting activities, they also have a role in determining the impacts of the events on their welfare (Oshimi, & Harada, 2018).
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Reliable and efficient data transfer on the Internet is an important issue. Since late
70’s the protocol responsible for that has been the de facto standard TCP, which
has proven to be successful through out the years, its self-managed congestion
control algorithms have retained the stability of the Internet for decades. However,
the variety of existing new technologies such as high-speed networks (e.g. fibre
optics) with high-speed long-delay set-up (e.g. cross-Atlantic links) and wireless
technologies have posed lots of challenges to TCP congestion control algorithms.
The congestion control research community proposed solutions to most of these
challenges. This dissertation adds to the existing work by: firstly tackling the highspeed
long-delay problem of TCP, we propose enhancements to one of the existing
TCP variants (part of Linux kernel stack). We then propose our own variant:
TCP-Gentle. Secondly, tackling the challenge of differentiating the wireless loss
from congestive loss in a passive way and we propose a novel loss differentiation
algorithm which quantifies the noise in packet inter arrival times and use this
information together with the span (ratio of maximum to minimum packet inter
arrival times) to adapt the multiplicative decrease factor according to a predefined
logical formula. Finally, extending the well-known drift model of TCP to account
for wireless loss and some hypothetical cases (e.g. variable multiplicative decrease),
we have undertaken stability analysis for the new version of the model.
A Doctoral Thesis. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy of Loughborough University. | <urn:uuid:5cc0eb82-77db-43dd-843a-9a3e3559777b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/dspace-jspui/handle/2134/7141 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00143-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.887854 | 350 | 1.867188 | 2 |
The Annapolis conference is convening tomorrow with no agreement in sight except to meet. The big question is: what now? The United States has succeeded, not only in convening the conference at the level of a summit, but also in drawing a crowd. More than 40 countries will send representatives, among them the Saudi foreign minister. That by itself is an achievement after seven years of a complete vacuum in diplomatic efforts on the Middle East peace process.
While the parties failed to reach agreement on a political statement with substantial content, they are expected to agree on a statement committing to negotiations proceeding from Annapolis. This is carefully calculated--to end this conference without a clear agreement would be a dangerous indication of failure opening the way to violence. At the same time, open-ended negotiations such as we have seen in the past will open the process to manipulation by the stronger party.
It is possible, however, that this initiative (which at face value seeks progress in peacefully ending the conflict between Palestinians and Israelis) is structured simply to serve internal political needs and requirements in Washington, Tel Aviv and Ramallah. While all three leaderships will benefit from resuming a political process, all will be hurt by substantial negotiations and serious attempts to bridge political differences on weighty issues such as the status of Palestinian refugees, the city of Jerusalem, Israeli settlements and the borders of Israel and a future Palestine.
Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert has already been publicly threatened by his coalition partners, and US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice was told frankly that delving into these final status issues would lead to an Israeli government crisis. For Olmert, therefore, a political process is useful--while substantial negotiations are dangerous.
US President George Bush, himself surrounded by ideologically-motivated "friends of Israel", will be perceived as a peacemaker by initiating and sustaining a process, but will face internal opposition if he tries to nudge Israel to stop the construction of settlements, for example, or opens up discussion about refugees and Jerusalem.
Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas' situation is no different. He can negotiate, but he cannot compromise because his loud opposition is gambling that he will be flexible in negotiations, and is waiting to pounce. Any compromises will render Hamas' rhetoric correct in the eyes of the public, and further weaken the position of the peace camp, which will be painted as "selling out" Palestinian positions supported by international law and UN Security Council resolutions. Abbas in Annapolis risks being compared with Yassar Arafat at Camp David, who came home uncompromised to a hero's welcome.
In other words, all three leaderships have a strong interest in a process, but can afford neither its failure nor its success. This might bring us back to a status quo reminiscent of 2002, where the parties waver between success and failure. The difference now is that both the Palestinian and Israeli leaderships are also too weak to sustain themselves in such conditions. The third party, the Bush government, is already a lame duck due to approaching elections.
The only reasonable outcome of this confluence of conditions is to concentrate on practical aspects, showing the public that this process--while not one for achieving a final agreement--can at least produce results in improving the economy and enhancing security. A sustained negotiations process that keeps hope alive, on the one hand, while on the other hand preventing the continuous consolidation of the occupation and improving economic and security conditions, will maintain the survival of both Israeli and Palestinian peace camps, likely reversing the process of political deterioration and radicalization.
In other words, the only way to avoid the outright failure of Annapolis, which could be very dangerous for both the cause of peace and the survival of the existing leaderships, is through a package of ongoing and sustained negotiations, the cessation of settlement expansion, and a systematic improvement in the economy of the Palestinian territories as well as security and law and order for both sides. From this high ground, Abbas might be able to resume dialogue with the relatively moderate wing of Hamas in Gaza, which would lead either to rejoining the authority currently divided between the West Bank and Gaza, or encourage debate and splits inside Hamas.- Published 26/11/2007 © bitterlemons.org
For weeks I have been warning that the Annapolis meeting was ill-conceived because it was built on weak Israeli, Palestinian and American leadership foundations and a weak Palestinian institutional infrastructure. But now that it's happening, and with an impressive display of Arab support, we have to ask what should take place in the coming days and weeks in order for the US, Israel and the Palestinian leadership to take advantage of a dramatic but substantively empty beginning and turn it into an effective peace process.
First and foremost, as currently constituted neither the Olmert nor the Abbas government is structured for effective and prolonged peace-making. Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert will not be able to negotiate very far with a coalition that he put together to achieve political survival rather than a peace process. Sometime in the coming months, if indeed negotiations proceed and register progress, he will have to part ways with the right-wing Yisrael Beitenu and Shas parties. Taking into account likely right-wing defections within Kadima as well, Olmert will need the active support of Meretz-Yahad and the passive support of most of the 10 members of Knesset from Arab parties in order to survive politically. From past experience we know that this is not an easily-sustained arrangement.
One alternative--which in any case could be necessitated by the Winograd final report and a resultant Labor party defection--would be new elections. That would delay a peace process for months, bringing us to the end of the George W. Bush presidency (and the Mahmoud Abbas presidency in Palestine) and postponing the necessary American involvement until well into the term of Bush's successor, in mid-2009. Another alternative, if Bush administration backing is forthcoming, could conceivably be for Olmert to opt to concentrate on the Syrian track. Here he might be able to hold onto a larger coalition, conceivably even including the Likud.
The weakness of the Olmert government is replicated in spades in Palestine, where the Fayyad government has no political base at all and Abbas and Fayyad rule over barely part of the West Bank and none of Hamas-led Gaza. In order to negotiate in the name of most Palestinians and to deliver on his roadmap phase I responsibilities, Abbas may have to seek some sort of accommodation with Hamas that is acceptable to Israel and the United States. The appearance of success at Annapolis could help, as could the launching at Annapolis of an Israeli-Syrian negotiations track that weakens Hamas at the Damascus-based leadership level.
But an Abbas-Hamas accommodation would be problematic at the substantive level because it would radically constrain Abbas' freedom to negotiate on the core issues of a two-state solution. One alternative, which Israel has been postponing until after Annapolis out of consideration for Abbas' weak position, is an Israeli military operation in Gaza that restores Fateh rule there. This could have problematic ramifications for the legitimacy of Abbas' rule in Palestinian eyes. Nor could Israelis easily justify shedding the blood of IDF soldiers in such an endeavor.
Assuming productive negotiations do get under way, we now turn to substance. Israel and the Palestinian leadership ended up in Annapolis without the meaty joint declaration of principles that was originally envisioned. This reflects two simple facts. First, the two sides are farther apart today on the core issues of a settlement than they were at Camp David seven years ago. And second, the two governments are too weak to make the concessions necessary to narrow this gap.
Here the moderate Arab countries could be helpful: after demonstrating support at Annapolis, they must get involved in assisting the peace process. By rewarding the parties for concessions made, the Arabs can offer the Israeli and Palestinian publics incentives toward additional compromises. In this regard, one of the most significant statements to come out of the Annapolis process was the declaration by Egyptian Foreign Minister Ahmed Aboul Gheit on Nov. 23 to Haaretz that the Arabs would take a step toward Arab-Israel normalization in response to every concession made by Israel. If this happens, it is the Arab peace initiative at its best.
Lest we forget, the original purpose of Annapolis was, in President Bush's words of July 16, 2007, very modest: to "review the progress that has been made toward building Palestinian institutions". One of the less anticipated fruits of the ensuing dynamic has been the energizing of the Israeli-Syrian track. Now, of all the extremely convoluted possibilities for turning Annapolis into a successful peace process, the Syrian track is the most promising. It offers Israel and its Arab neighbors the biggest possible peace dividend (weakening Iran and the militant Islamist movements; stabilizing Lebanon), a relatively straightforward process with a partner capable of committing and delivering, and a better chance for the survival of the government of Israel during a peace process. If this happens, Annapolis will be remembered favorably, even if for the "wrong" reasons.- Published 26/11/2007 © bitterlemons.org
Yossi Alpher is coeditor of the bitterlemons.org family of internet publications. He is former director of the Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies at Tel Aviv University and a former special adviser to PM Ehud Barak.
A PALESTINIAN VIEW
by Rafiq Husseini
It takes a lot of courage to agree to write about what may happen beyond Annapolis when the outcome of Annapolis itself--even though we are now a few hours before the conference--is yet unclear.
Nevertheless, let's dream together for a minute and suppose that Annapolis will achieve the impossible, where the wise leaders of Israel--emulating King Solomon the Wise--say:
* We accept that the Palestinians can have a state of their own and live with dignity and peace in 22 percent of historic Palestine (the West Bank and Gaza) in return for the right of Israel to exist in the rest of historic Palestine in peace and security.
* We accept the Arab initiative and are ready to return the Golan Heights and Shebaa Farms to Syria and Lebanon in return for the normalization of relations with them and 50 other Arab and Islamic states.
* We are ready to work on a just and agreed-upon solution for the Palestinian refugees.
Should this happen, then the entire world would have changed beyond Annapolis--not only the Middle East! And we will all shout "Hallelujah, yet another miracle in the Holy Land!!"
But alas! We all must be rudely awakened from our deep sleep where we--like Martin Luther King--had a dream, into the reality that Annapolis will not produce results that come close to resembling this dream.
The most probable scenario therefore is that--not having learned from King Solomon the Wise--the leaders of Israel will say:
* We cannot accept that the Palestinians have a state in 22 percent of historic Palestine; we can only offer them parts of the West Bank (for now, without specifics).
* We don't accept the Arab initiative in its totality but we want to normalize with the Arab and Islamic states, nevertheless.
* We are not ready to return the whole of the Golan Heights to Syria and Shebaa Farms to Lebanon--but want a full peace agreement with both countries.
* We are not ready to discuss the refugee problem and will not accept any of the refugees back into Israel.
The gap between the dream and the reality is therefore immense.
As Palestinians, our expectations have dramatically changed since US President George W. Bush called for the Annapolis meeting five months back, from dreaming about a document defining parameters and guiding principles for the six final status issues (borders, refugees, Jerusalem, settlements, water, and security) to acquiescing to a statement of intent about creating conditions for peace and working on the first phase of the roadmap adopted by the Quartet (but without using the words "immediate and parallel" in reference to each side's obligations).
At the start, the US administration wanted to define the "end game" and "to build the building, then put in the furniture" but it, too, had to moderate its expectations.
So how then do we move forward beyond the "realistic" scenario of the Annapolis document? And how can we--the Palestinian moderates--convince the Palestinian voters to support peace and give them the perception that things will improve politically, economically and socially?
Here it is important to realize that the Palestinian voter, while free, is not independent. He/she is affected to a very large extent by what Israel does around him/her and will vote accordingly. That is to say if, before a Palestinian election, Israel removes checkpoints, releases prisoners, halts incursions, freezes building of settlements and the wall, then the majority of Palestinian voters will support moderate candidates. If, on the other hand, Israel does the complete opposite (which it did in the period before January 2006 and the parliamentary elections that brought Hamas a majority of seats) then the Palestinian voter will support the extremists and radicals.
Given all the deficiencies of Annapolis, and taking into consideration what the Israeli position will most likely be at that conference, and since we do not occupy Israel but the opposite is true, there are three tracks that we (Palestinians, Israelis and the international community) need to move along so that the Palestinian people's perceptions are strengthened in the direction of peace and coexistence.
The first is, of course, advancing the political track that is obviously not moving very far or very fast for reasons that only Israel understands and enforces. Yet a well-drafted document and an immediate serious-looking negotiations process would help give some of the Palestinians some hope (in contrast to a dream document and a process that would give all Palestinians all hope possible, or a lousy one that gives no Palestinian any hope).
The second track involves creating access, movement and other confidence-building measures, where most checkpoints are removed (they are useless, anyway). Movement of goods and people should be made easier, thousands of prisoners (from a total of more than 11,000) are released, settlement and wall construction is frozen, East Jerusalem institutions are re-opened and life in Palestinian areas becomes as near-to-normal as possible.
The third track involves economic revival in the West Bank and Gaza. This means that many job-generating development projects are initiated and that at the end of each calendar month, all government employees receive a full salary without delay and the private sector is promptly paid for the services it renders to the public sector and its beneficiaries.
The Palestinians--for their part--also need to continue to work with full speed and intent on their obligations under the first phase of the roadmap, especially with regard to security, which is Israel's main pretext for building the wall and denying us access and movement. The moderate leadership will also have to convince the majority of the population in Gaza that there is a way forward through peace and coexistence, so that they (the people) force the extremists to rescind their coup d'etat and accept the legitimacy of and new elections for both the presidency and the Legislative Council.
This way, we hope that the moderates--armed with progress on the above three tracks--regain their control of PA institutions in a democratic and non-violent manner.
If we are successful, even to varying degrees, on the three tracks, we will see a positive, supportive and more patient Palestinian public with the peace process beyond Annapolis. On the other hand, if we are not successful on a combination of these three tracks, then we can kiss moderation and the peace process goodbye and both of us--Israelis and Palestinians--will be rolling down a steep hill toward further disaster.- Published 26/11/2007 © bitterlemons.org
Rafiq Husseini is currently chief of staff of the Office of President Mahmoud Abbas. He was born in Jerusalem and was educated in Alexandria, Beirut and the UK.
AN ISRAELI VIEW
A moment of truth
by Yossi Beilin
It was a mistake to arrive in Annapolis without agreement on at least one of the core issues: borders, Jerusalem and refugees. I certainly hope that this lacuna neither weakens Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas (Abu Mazen) and the pragmatic group under his leadership nor strengthens Hamas, contributing to an outbreak of violence. I hope this is the beginning of an intensive process that leads to peace agreements with Syria and the Palestinians--by exploiting the final year of Abu Mazen's presidency, the desire of the US administration to leave behind some sort of diplomatic legacy in its last year and the appeal by Syrian President Bashar Assad to initiate unconditional negotiations with Israel.
It is the task of US President George W. Bush, Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert and Abbas to ensure that the Annapolis conference, which currently has no objective rationale, becomes a success. That means the immediate convening of an Israeli-Palestinian forum alongside an Israeli-Syrian forum, along the lines of what transpired following the Madrid conference in 1991.
What happened in the course of recent weeks repeated a well-known syndrome: the parties approach a moment of truth, get cold feet and decide this is not yet the real moment of truth. After Olmert and Abbas had appeared to find a common language and succeeded in overcome obstacles, it emerged that the "professional" teams headed by FM Tzipi Livni and Ahmed Qurei (Abu Ala) regressed light years into the past and got "stuck" at inexplicable corners--like the Israeli demand that Israel be recognized as a Jewish state before the two parties had even reached agreement and the Palestinians' response of resolutely rejecting what they themselves had accepted unilaterally in the Palestinian National Council decision of 1988 in Algiers.
After Annapolis, Olmert and Abbas, with or without the assistance of Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, will have to maneuver their negotiating teams out of the corners and steer them back to a serious discussion of permanent status. The negotiators' points of reference already exist--the Clinton parameters, the Ayalon-Nusseibeh document and the Geneva initiative--and should enable them to reach agreement within a few months.
Negotiations with the Palestinians must be daily and continuous. They can be held as in the past in the United States or in the region, in a neutral country. But they must not continue in the format of recent months--in Israel alone, and for a few hours a week.
Negotiations with Syria presumably cannot be held in the US; the best venue might be Turkey. The drawback of this track is American doubts and reservations, while its big advantage is the existence of a partner capable of both signing and implementing an agreement. In contrast, the advantage of negotiations with the Palestinians is that the US is very interested, while the drawback is the need to separate the signing of an agreement from its implementation and to condition the latter on the Palestinian Authority's security capability as determined by the US.
Is this an imaginary scenario? Not necessarily. If the two partners understand that they have nothing to lose; if they appreciate the negative significance of postponing a solution to a distant date; if they comprehend the tremendous opportunity that has been created at this strange and hard historical juncture, with Hamas controlling the Gaza Strip; and if they grasp that their broad publics long for peace and an end to violence and overwhelmingly support any peace agreement delivered by their leaders--then they can accomplish in 2008 what has not happened for the past 40 years.
And as for Olmert's government--the prime minister built a coalition that is antithetical to the political concept he himself has been describing in every available forum for the past two years. Conceivably, his decision to invite the Yisrael Beitenu party headed by Avigdor Lieberman to join the government reflected his desire to build a broad coalition that would accompany him up to the "moment of truth". But that is not how our political life works. As long as Yisrael Beitenu is part of the coalition, the temptation grows to delay the moment of truth. The scenario I am describing for the day after Annapolis can only take place without Lieberman. Olmert won't be able to avoid making a decision for long.- Published 26/11/2007 © bitterlemons.org
Member of Knesset Yossi Beilin is chair of the Meretz-Yahad party.
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Bitterlemons.org is an internet newsletter that presents Palestinian and Israeli viewpoints on prominent issues of concern. Each edition addresses a specific issue of controversy. Bitterlemons.org maintains complete organizational and institutional symmetry between its Palestinian and Israeli sides. | <urn:uuid:596dd099-d6a4-4d3e-92f1-78ad2d93913f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.bitterlemons.org/previous/bl261107ed43.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.948239 | 4,360 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Despite widespread support, a bill that would put limits on widespread surveillance is unlikely to get a vote before the elections—or even after them.
According to National Journal, the USA Freedom Act, which would essentially stop the government's bulk collection of telephone call data, is flailing. The bill is struggling despite the fact that it won a stunning new supporter last week: Director of Intelligence James Clapper, one of the top defenders of the surveillance programs.
A Senate staffer told NJ that it was "extremely unlikely" the bill would be considered in September. It was originally introduced in July by Sen. Patrick Leahy (D-VT), and it has co-sponsors ranging from liberal senators like Sen. Edward Markey (D-MA) to Tea Party favorite Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX).
But multiple sources told National Journal that the measure "is not a top priority" for a Senate packed with other concerns. The failure to pass the USA Freedom Act, which still had plenty of problems, will top off a Congress in which virtually no progress was made on any significant tech policy issue.
The compromise bill was fleshed out in the Senate after a weaker version in the House was denounced by reform-minded groups. However, groups like the American Civil Liberties Union and the Center for Democracy and Technology are on board with the Leahy bill, which they see as an imperfect but necessary compromise.
The USA Freedom Act would leave the call data in the hands of the phone companies, creating a system in which intelligence agencies would have to ask for data related to a "specific selection term" such as a phone number or name.
It wasn't a compromise embraced by all. Sen. Diane Feinstein (D-CA), who emerged as a stalwart defender of the surveillance program, hasn't supported it. Nor was it embraced by Sens. Ron Wyden (D-OR) and Mark Udall (D-CO), two politicians who have been calling for surveillance reform since before the Snowden leaks.
Lack of support by Wyden and Udall may "stem from a conviction that they can get a better deal next Congress," posits National Journal. In part, that's because Section 215 of the Patriot Act, the legal basis for the phone data collection, will expire in June of 2015.
Industry groups haven't given up on passage. Just hours after the gridlock was reported, Business Software Alliance president Victoria Espinel sent out a note asking the Senate to move quickly to pass the bill.
"Time may be short in the 113th Congress, but there is broad support and significant momentum for FISA reform," she said. | <urn:uuid:3907a57c-3abd-466c-8bb0-f53277378dee> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2014/09/report-congress-wont-shut-down-nsa-database-this-year/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00243-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972122 | 537 | 1.695313 | 2 |
2008-06-22 - Air Berlin efficiency driveAir Berlin launches efficiency program
Sparprogramm bei Air Berlin<br /> In order to absorb part of the increased kerosene cost, Air Berlin PLC has designed a cost reduction package to be implemented at the start of the winter flight schedule. The program comprises capacity reductions as well as organizational measures.
Instead of having 134 airplanes in service, as originally planned, only 120 are to remain in service at the end of the year. Nevertheless, as CEO Joachim Hunold stated in Berlin on Wednesday, the fact that Air Berlin aims to increase its fleet capacity utilization does not necessarily entail a reduction in the anticipated number of passengers transported.
With the beginning of the winter flight schedule, Air Berlin aims to remove 14 short- and medium-distance planes from service, in particular older models that have an especially high fuel consumption per seat kilometer. Of the long-distance planes, four wide-body jet airliners of the type Airbus A330 will be removed from service. Three of these 330-300s will be put into service on medium-distance flights, mainly departing from the Nuremberg hub. The fourth Airbus A330 will serve as a stand-in for scheduled maintenance intervals and will also be used for shuttling passengers to cruise departure ports all over the world.
The flight connections to Beijing and Shanghai, which were inaugurated on 1 May 2008, will be suspended over the winter of 2008/2009. The main reason is the as yet unresolved issue of overflight rights over Russia. "If we were required to fly via the longer southern route, it would no longer be competitive, seeing the current price of kerosene," commented Air Berlin's CEO Joachim Hunold. He also pointed out that the more stringent visa regulations implemented by China in the run-up to the Olympic Games did not exactly make travel to China more appealing. A potential reinstatement of these flight connections by the summer of 2009 will be decided, if and when new circumstances warrant it.
The flight connections from Düsseldorf to New York will be suspended over the winter. Moreover, the number of flights to Cape Town, Windhoek and Bangkok will be reduced during the winter season. Flights to Mauritius and Sri Lanka will also be suspended. | <urn:uuid:0734b0b5-e733-497e-a439-9ce75955e3b8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.flugrevue.de/english/air-berlin-launches-efficiency-program/496695 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00090-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942049 | 470 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Ranked as 185th out of 197 dog breeds recognized by the American Kennel Club, the Cesky Terrier is clever, adventurous and family-oriented. This complete guide will review the breed’s history, personality, lifestyle requirements, and more.
|Breed Group||Terrier Group|
|Temperament||Clever, adventurous, family-oriented|
|Life Span||12-15 years|
|Colors||Grey (charcoal to platinum), with or without white, black, brown and yellow markings|
|Origin||The Czech Republic|
The Cesky Terrier was born in the Czech Republic as a result of one man’s efforts – Frantisek Horak. Frantisek Horak was a geneticist, breeder and sportsman who grew up hunting in the Bohemian forests.
According to him, the ideal hunting dog should follow prey underground like a true Terrier, hunt in packs like a true Hound and be obedient like a true Retriever. To create the perfect hunting dog, Horak crossed the Sealyham Terrier with the Scottish Terrier.
There is an old Czech adage that says “like dog, like master.” With bushy eyebrows, long beards and lustrous moustaches, this definitely describes Horak and his dog breed. Although popular among hunters and sportsmen worldwide, the Cesky Terrier remains a relatively scarce breed. It is estimated that there are no more than 600 Cesky Terriers in America.
The Cesky Terrier is short, has muscular legs, a long wedge-shaped head, and a longer spine than other dogs. The almond-shaped eyes are proportionate to its head, and its ears are set high, but droop down.
The breed’s hallmark traits include bushy eyebrows, a beard and moustache. These standout features give the cesky terrier overall serious appearance.
Cesky Terrier males and females are 10-13 inches tall (25.4-33 centimeters) and weigh about 14-24 pounds (6.3-10.8 kilograms).
The Cesky Terrier’s coat is long and moderately wavy. Cesky Terrier puppies are born either black or black and tan. As they mature, the coat color turns to gray. All shades of gray are acceptable – from platinum to charcoal.
The long and silky hair of the Cesky Terrier requires tons of grooming. To prevent mats and tangles, you should brush the coat daily. However, it can be done several times a week as well.
Monthly bathing will help keep the dirt at bay and retain the coat’s natural shine. The Cesky Terrier needs at least four professional trimmings per year. Moreover, the Cesky Terrier’s hallmark facial hair causes issues in other places. Excess hair grows in the ear canal and between the paw pads.
Because of that, the ears are prone to wax buildup and require weekly checking and cleaning as well as monthly trimming of the hair inside the ear canal.
As in all small dogs, tartar accumulation can be an issue unless the teeth are brushed more than three times per week and the mouth regularly cleaned. Finally, monthly nail trimmings are necessary to keep the nails short and prevent cracking and splinting.
Although more laid-back than its Terrier cousins, the Cesky Terrier is still true to its Terrier heritage – it is an active, brilliant, adventurous, outgoing family-oriented dog.
It is kind, friendly and patient with children of all ages, protective and loving toward family members, friendly with familiar people but reserved with strangers. Unlike other Terriers, the Cesky Terrier gets along well with cats and other smaller pets.
On the other hand, Cesky Terriers are also stubborn, strong-willed, tenacious and prone to chasing, digging and barking.
Raising a well-trained and properly behaved Cesky Terrier is based on obedience training and proper socialization. The Cesky Terrier has a strong prey drive but if raised together and properly trained, it can learn to get along with other pets.
Interestingly, it was bred to thrive on a certain environment – hostile forests of Bohemian. It would hunt a wide range of prey – from duck and pheasant to rabbit, fox and wild boar, the Cesky Terrier is tenacious, brave and smart.
If properly channeled, these qualities can make the training process a piece of cake. On the other hand, they make the training a nightmare if the handler does not know how to properly focus them into positive behaviors.
The Cesky Terrier loves to be physically active, and playtime with family is a great way to get it. Although a generally active dog, its exercise needs are definitely lower than in most Terrier members. Generally speaking, two moderate walks per day are enough to keep the Cesky Terrier physically stimulated.
It should be noted that bored and well-rested Cesky Terriers are prone to excessive digging. If you are not fond of moonscape craters in your backyard, make sure your Cesky Terrier is physically and mentally stimulated.
The average lifespan of the Cesky Terrier varies between 12 and 15 years. Despite its relatively long lifespan, the Rat Terrier is predisposed to several breed-specific conditions.
The most frequently reported major issues include orthopedic problems (hip dysplasia and patellar luxation), cardiac problems, eye disorders (cataracts, progressive retinal atrophy and lens luxation), cancer and obesity.
The Cesky Terrier is particularly prone to a neurological disorder known as Scotty Cramp. It is not life-threatening but it is a debilitating and uncomfortable disorder that manifests with strong spasms and impaired walking.
Recommended Health Tests from the National Breed Club
Cesky Terriers need a high-quality diet consisting of healthy proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Homemade diets are beneficial, especially for Cesky Terriers with a more sophisticated palate. To keep the coat shiny, it is advisable to use an omega-3 rich supplement.
Additionally, Cesky Terriers are gluttonous about their food and tend to gulp and overeat if not supervised. Overeating leads to obesity. Obesity is not a disease but it is a risk factor for several life-threatening diseases. Considering the breed’s predisposition to orthopedic issues, heart problems and certain types of cancer, obesity should be avoided and the Cesky Terrier’s food intake closely monitored.
Purebred Cesky Terriers usually cost between $1300 and $2600. A Cesky Terrier puppy with exceptional parental lineage may cost between well-above $3000. Adopting through rescue organizations or from a shelter is much more budget-friendly but considering the breed’s rarity, finding a Cesky Terrier that needs adoption is not an easy task.
The above mentioned price is just the purchase cost. Once the pup is home, there will be additional expenses for food and other supplies (treats, bowls, toys, harness and leash, beds), training classes, grooming, insurance and last but not least – vet bills.
Parenting a Cesky Terrier is a huge commitment in terms of time, responsibility and money. The good news is the Cesky Terrier retains most of its Terrier qualities while being mellower and more easily tractable. The bad news is you will have to spend lots of time at the groomer’s saloon.
You will also have to invest in extensive socialization and obedience training to redirect the strong prey drive into something positive. Running away is always and option with the Cesky Terrier which is why it needs to be microchipped and wear an ID collar tag.
Q: Do Cesky Terriers shed?
A: Members of this breed are classified as moderate shedders – they shed twice per year (early spring and late fall). Just because they do not shed extensively, it does not mean they are low-maintenance. The Cesky Terriers needs daily brushing, monthly bathing and professional trimming every two to three months. Unlike most Terriers, the Cesky Terrier does not need hand stripping.
Q: How much does a Cesky Terrier cost?
A: The Cesky Terrier is a relatively expensive dog breed. It is completely reasonable to expect purchase costs varying between $1300 and $2600. This is because the Cesky Terrier is a scarce breed – there are around 600 registered breed examples in the USA. Plus, the Cesky Terrier has small litters with only two to four puppies.
Q: Are Cesky Terriers good pets?
A: The Cesky Terrier is an exceptionally smart dog with adventurous spirit and natural fondness of children. It is also loyal, devoted and protective. These traits make the Cesky Terrier an amazing family dog even for families with small children.
Q: Are Cesky Terriers hyperactive?
A: No, although a member of the Terrier family, the Cesky family is mellower and more even-tempered than most Terries. It is fond of physical activities but it is also fond of spending the day cuddling or playing with family members.
Official Resources: Breed Clubs, Rescues & Helpful Links
Recommended Products for Cesky Terriers
Similar Dog Breeds
Related Groups & Characteristics | <urn:uuid:fdfb0ea6-ad02-4e0d-bc20-46af7696ea60> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.alphapaw.com/dog-breeds/cesky-terrier-dog-breed-guide-facts-health-care/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.934101 | 1,994 | 1.984375 | 2 |
The history of Henry the Fifth. And The tragedy of Mustapha, son of Solyman the Magnificent.
As they were acted at his Highness the Duke of York's Theater. Written by the Right Honourable the Earl of Orrery.
|Main Creator:||Orrery, Roger Boyle, Earl of, 1621-1679.|
|Published / Created:||
London : printed for H. Herringman, at the sign of the Blew Anchor in the Lower Walk of the New Exchange, 1668.
Early English books, 1641-1700 ;
"The tragedy of Mustapha" has a separate dated title page, pagination and register, and was apparently also issued separately (cf. Wing O497).
P. 70 misnumbered 07.
Physical description: , 51, , 07 [i.e. 70] p. ; 2⁰.
Citations/References: Wing (2nd ed.), O480
Citations/References: Woodward & McManaway, 129
|Call Number||View in||Collection|
|LO 1645||Manuscripts Reading Room Special Access||Librarian's Office| | <urn:uuid:396fbc66-e933-4356-87e3-91961c66f395> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000195374 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721027.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00550-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.834868 | 247 | 2.5625 | 3 |
“The holistic nature of shiatsu practice treats mind, body and spirit as one, an interconnected whole, together with the environment in which they find themselves.” Dr Andrew Long
Shiatsu: therapeutic acupressure
Shiatsu is a relaxing and invigorating way to reconnect with your body.
Derived from the Japanese words shi (finger) & atsu (pressure)
It is therapeutic acupressure/massage that utilises acu-points, energy channels (meridian therapy) and stretches to stimulate the circulation of energy throughout the body.
Shiatsu takes a holistic approach to treating symptoms as well as root causes.
Shiatsu uses palms, thumbs, elbows, knees and sometimes feet to work on various parts of the body with firm, direct pressure and/or gentle holding pressure.
By working on the muscles and more deeply on the internal organs, nervous system, lymph and meridians, shiatsu harmonises the body & mind to promote healing and renewed sense of wellbeing. This approach utilizes the interstitium*
promote relaxation, de-stress and release tension caused by our busy lifestyles. It can support the management of many common condition/symptoms including
Emotional wellbeing: Stress, anxiety, depression, grief, trauma
Pain & inflammation: Back, neck, shoulder, muscular, acute injuries, arthritis
Headaches and migraines
Gut & digestive health
Respiratory health: allergies, asthma, eczema, psorisis
General health maintenance & preventative health care
It is a safe, non-invasive and adaptable treatment for the whole family including children, the elderly and people with disabilities or injuries.
Your session includes
an initial consultation where your health history and concerns are discussed
TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) diagnostic observation of pulses and structural body alignment to determine best approach for your individualised treatment
therapeutic treatment (massage)
you may also have cupping, moxibustion, acu-studs or earseeds depending on needs
breathing exercises, stretches, strengthening exercises, dietary and lifestyle advice
You are treated fully clothed lying on a futon on the floor so it’s best to wear loose, comfortable clothing.
Each practitioner works differently, don’t be afraid to ask questions or give feedback as it’s important that you feel comfortable throughout the treatment.
Treatment frequency is
one of the most common questions clients ask and the answer really depends on you,
your condition and circumstances at the time.
However, with many years of experience working with clients, a basic rule is:
Weekly or fortnightly treatments for a minimum of 3 sessions is highly beneficial to shift poor energy patterns followed by fortnightly to monthly maintenance sessions.
*Health fund rebates: please check with your health fund
Dip. Shiatsu and Oriental Therapies, MA
Emma is a highly experienced STAA (Shiatsu Therapy Association of Australia) registered practitioner of over 19 years.
Emma holds a Diploma in Shiatsu & Oriental Therapies from The Australian Shiatsu College, Melbourne (2002).
Emma’s shiatsu practice is highly attuned to her clients needs, drawing on many years experience and knowledge of dance, shiatsu, yoga, tai chi, meditation and food therapy.
Integral to her practice are
quality of care
She is committed to a holistic and sustainable treatment approach.
Emma specialises in
pain & inflammation
stress & mental health
Emma is particularly interested in how stress manifests in our bodies and ways of shifting unhelpful stress response patterns.
Emma has previously been a member of the STAA National Council, holding the position of Director of Research when she initiated a research strategy and the first shiatsu research project conducted, published and presented in Australia. Emma regularly contributes to STAA's publication, Pointers.
Emma holds professional insurance, current certificate in Senior First Aid & Working with Vulnerable people card (ACT)
Emma is also a professional choreographer, performer, movement director and dance teacher with a long held interest in understanding how the human body functions at an optimal level.
Emma completed a Masters of Arts (Choreography), Victorian College of the Arts/Melbourne University (2011) with First Class Honors. This research connected her shiatsu and dance.
Emma is co-founder of Social Repair Service (SRS) with her partner, Adam Broinowski. SRS conduct workshops, research and creative projects www.socialrepairservice.com.au
Emma conducts shiatsu and movement workshops in Australia and internationally.
updated 2021 by Emma Strapps Shiatsu | <urn:uuid:3dcaa4f8-24b6-449c-95c6-1009078338c8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.emmastrappsshiatsu.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.911531 | 1,053 | 1.84375 | 2 |
You may have to follow a puréed diet if you are having trouble chewing or swallowing. A puréed food diet is a texture-modified diet that can be useful for people with dysphagia, gastroparesis, or chewing difficulties. If you’re on a puréed diet, you will eat foods that you will not need to breakdown when you chew. All puree consistencies are much like mashed potatoes and pudding. You can make almost any meal or snack into a purée by simply blending it with a little extra liquid, such as juice, water, or broth and add a recommended thickening agent if needed.
Some common reasons a person may need to use a puréed diet include:
- Oral, dental issues and/or surgery, jaw injury or surgery
- Difficulty eating or swallowing problems (dysphagia) caused by a stroke, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, ALS, MS, other neurological conditions as well as other trauma injuries.
- Digestive disorders or Bariatric surgery
- Infection, injury, to the mouth, throat, or esophagus
- Head or neck radiation treatment for cancer
- Feeding of older adults (especially if they have poor teeth or a form of dementia)
Most people only stay on a puréed diet until they can get therapy, recover and return to eating solid food. However, the diet can also be a long-term solution if you cannot tolerate or manage eating solid foods at all.
How do I know what is puree?
Pureed foods do not need chewing. They are completely smooth with no lumps, skins, strings or seeds. It is usually eaten with a spoon and holds its shape on the spoon. Make sure you have the right equipment to prepare food. A food processor works best to properly puree foods. If you don’t have one, use a good blender or hand mixer instead. Choose foods that puree easily and avoid foods that are stringy, like celery and onions; foods with nuts or seeds; and foods with tough outer skins. Take out any pits, bones, seeds, skins, or other tough inedible parts before you puree your food.
This handout includes a list of foods that puree very well, but some foods do not puree well. These include breads, cakes, cookies, muffins, biscuits, or other crumbly foods. Instead, they can be softened and thickened using a slurry mixture that helps food stick together. Gelatin can be used to slurry foods. You can use flavored or unflavored gelatins depending on what food you want to slurry.
- Slurry Recipe: Dissolve 1 tablespoon gelatin in 2 cups of liquid. Do not chill or let solidify. Pour over food and allow to set for 15 minutes or until completely softened and mashable.
- Thickeners: thicken items up by adding more food, dried potato flakes, gelatin, flour, or a commercial thickener such as Simply Thick. www.simplythick.com
Puréed meal ideas
- Soups. Consider lentil, split pea, and pumpkin, butternut squash, tomato, and white bean soup. Simply prepare them as usual, then blend them with a hand mixer. Add a thickening agent if needed.
- Pasta. You can purée any of your favorites, such as spaghetti, macaroni and cheese, or penne. Cook them as you normally would, add a little extra water or sauce, and blend the dish until it’s fully puréed. Add tomato sauce.
- Scrambles. Scrambled eggs or scrambled tofu work well, too. Blend them with a veggie broth.
- Meat or veggie stews. Ratatouille, lentil dahl, and black bean stew are great options. Prepare as per the usual recipe, then blend them into a pudding-like consistency. Thin them with a little extra water or sauce if needed.
- Meats. cooked meats, fish and chicken can be pureed. To cook the meat, it is best to slow cook for flavor flavor –braise, boil, slow cook, or pressure cook. Refrigerate for at least 2 hours, Chop into 1-inch pieces, Put a cup of meat into your food processor or blender. Blend the meat until it’s fine and powder, almost like sand and then add ½ cup of water, meat broth, or reserved cooking liquid per cup of meat. Add ¼ teaspoon salt and ½ teaspoon of spices of your choice to 1 cup of pureed meat. Save in refrigerate for 3-4 days. Or freeze it.
- Cooked breakfast cereal. Examples include cream of wheat, cooked breakfast quinoa, or oatmeal. Blend them with a nut butter and milk. Top with puréed fruit.
- Baked goods. You can try blending French toast, pancakes, muffins, or bread with milk.
- Mashed potato. Make this with white, sweet, or red potatoes, using milk, butter, or margarine to soften it. You can serve it with melted cheese (dairy or plant-based) or mixed with other puréed vegetables.
- Blended vegetables. Examples include corn, carrots, turnips, broccoli, cauliflower, red peppers, and mushrooms. Cook as per usual and blend them with a little vegetable broth.
- Baked beans and peas. Baked black beans, chickpeas, or red kidney beans are great options. Blend them with a little water, tahini, oil, tomato sauce, or vegetable broth.
- Leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale, or collards are all healthy choices. Chop in small pieces and boil them in a little vegetable broth. Blend them until smooth and thicken with potato flakes, as needed.
- Homemade sauces. These are great, especially more satisfying sauces, such as pesto, hummus, gravy, or peanut sauce. Thicken them with potato starch or arrowroot powder or gel thickener, if needed.
- Fruit smoothies.
- Puddings. Consider both homemade and store-bought options.
Eat at restaurants that offer a variety of foods and that will cater to people on special diets.
Many places will purée or prepare foods for your needs. Call ahead and speak to a manager or chef. You may be surprised at how helpful they will be. You may also want to order sides of broth, gravy, or milk to moisten your foods.
Add more calories to your diet
If you need to eat more calories, here are some easy tips:
- Add calories with milk/half & half, margarine/butter, gravies, jellies, syrups, powdered milk or any other calorie and protein enhancers.
- Eat small meals 6 to 8 times a day instead of 3 main meals.
- Add canned coconut milk or cream to smoothies, shakes, cereals, or yogurts for extra calories.
- Choose creamy soups, add puree cooked eggs to your soups
- Have puddings and custards
- Add sauces, gravies, or extra vegetable oil to your meals.
- Drink fruit shakes or fruit smoothies made with yogurt.
- Drink high-calorie drinks, such as milkshakes, soy milkshakes, or pasteurized eggnog.
- Drink a liquid nutritional supplement, such as Ensure or Boost, add thickener to maintain appropriate thickness.
- Add honey or maple syrup to smoothies, tea, yogurt, hot cereals, shakes, or ice cream.
- If you aren’t on a low-fat diet, add sour cream, half and half, heavy cream, or whole milk to your foods. You can add it to mashed potatoes, sauces, gravies, cereals, soups, and casseroles.
- Add mayonnaise, sour cream or cheese to your eggs, chicken, tuna, pasta, or potatoes to make a smooth.
- Blend frozen fruit with milk and add thickener as needed. For extra nutrients, add protein powder, bananas, ground nuts (grind nuts with a coffee grinder), or even leafy greens, or avocados. Sieve to remove skins and seeds, and add pectin to thicken, if needed. Add nut butters, such as peanut butter, plain Greek yogurt, non-fat dried milk powder, protein powder to shakes and smoothies.
Make Puree Pizazz!
Garnishes to add color and taste:
- Whipped cream
- Cinnamon sugar mixture
- Maple syrup
- Parmesan cheese
- Hollandaise sauce
- Chocolate syrup
- Butterscotch syrup
- Carmel syrup
- Brown sugar
- Bar BQ sauce
- Cranberry sauce can be piped through a pastry bag to use as a garnish
- Fruit sauces or salad dressings
- Gravy, catsup, mustard, mayonnaise, and/or cheese sauce
- Serve on China or colorful plates
- Contrast colors of foods
- Garnish for visual appeal and taste
- Gravies and sauces
- Use pastry bags for appearance and contrasting colors
- Shape and mold food to close to normal shape as possible
Puree cookbooks - You can find a number of Puree cookbooks for people with dysphagia:
- Essential Puree offers a number of cookbooks under $20
- The Soft Foods for Easier Eating Cookbook - Written by nutritionists Sandra Woodruff and Leah Gilbert-Henderson. Each recipe is marked for the level and contains nutritional information.
- Easy-to-Swallow, Easy-to-Chew Cookbook - Written by nutritionist Donna Weihofen and speech-language pathologists JoAnne Robbins and Paula Sullivan This cookbook includes more than 150 recipes marked for level: “easy to chew”, “very easy to chew”, or “soft and smooth”. Some recipes give instructions for different levels. Each recipe contains nutritional information.
- Simply Thick has a variety of fun recipes on their website at www.simplythick.com
Purchasing pureed food
- Gourmet Pureed sells 14 pureed meals through Mom’s Meals. Meals have to be refrigerated.
- Blossom Foods was developed by speech-language pathologist Sue Adams. The company sells 18 frozen pureed meals Recipes were developed by a Swiss chef, Juerg Aeschbach. Meals are shipped frozen.
- Hormel offers Thick & Easy Pureed Meals that don’t require refrigeration.
- Phagia sells pureed mixes for fruit, vegetables, pasta, and bread products.
- Smoothe Foods sells eight 6-oz pureed vegetarian meals that are shipped frozen overnight in the US.
- Simple Serve sells canned pureed beef, chicken, ham, pork, and turkey.
- Thick-It offers canned pureed meals for sale, which can be purchased in pharmacies (may have to order), online, or by phone.
- Dysphagia Diets carries a complete line of dysphagia friendly products that can be delivered directly to you home. www.Dysphagia-diets.com | <urn:uuid:a9d5ae76-23a9-4ba8-83ad-d1e9f053d7f1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dysphagiadiagnostex.com/blogs/news/eating-guide-for-pureed-diets | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.899946 | 2,398 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Indianapolis Mayor Greg Ballard wants to ban panhandling in the city's busiest downtown area following long-running complaints from convention officials and city boosters about people begging for money along downtown streets.
Ballard plans to propose the restrictions Friday afternoon during his State of the City address, the city said in a media release previewing the speech. He wants the City-County Council to create a "No Solicitation Zone" spanning a mile-square area of downtown's busiest area.
Panhandling, which is defined as a vocal solicitation for an immediate donation in a public place, is already prohibited in Indianapolis from sunset and sunrise, and at all times in many locations, including bus stops, bank entrances, ATMs or sidewalk cafes.
However, passive solicitation, which involves holding a sign or jingling a cup of change, is not regulated.
Ballard's proposal would ban panhandling and passive solicitation at all times in the heart of downtown and ban panhandling across the rest of the city from 5 p.m. to 8 a.m. It would also ban panhandling at all times near building entrances, parking meters, crosswalks, intersections or off-ramps.
The downtown zone would be bordered by North, South, East and West streets.
City officials say studies show only about 1 percent of panhandlers are homeless and they recommend never giving money to panhandlers.
"Most panhandling downtown and at our intersections is a racket and it needs to stop," Ballard said in a prepared statement.
Legal director Ken Falk of the American Civil Liberties Union of Indiana said Ballard's proposals would violate panhandlers' First Amendment rights, and the ACLU would be prepared to challenge the restrictions. | <urn:uuid:7c918c19-85f1-4f16-b1ef-d08dccf7a386> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ibj.com/articles/40085-ballard-plans-to-strengthen-panhandling-ordinance | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00354-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954176 | 356 | 1.5 | 2 |
A Briefing on Syncingby Michael E. Cohen
Editor's note: The following article is an excerpt from Take Control of Syncing in Tiger, a $10 electronic book available for download from TidBITS Electronic Publishing. This 135-page e-book covers tasks like syncing data between your Mac and mobile phone, iPod, or PDA with Apple and third-party software; offers suggestions for syncing effectively; and provides practical troubleshooting advice.
A Briefing on Syncing
The idea behind synchronizing, or syncing, is simple: take information you collect on one device, like the calendars and contact lists you keep on your laptop or mobile phone, and combine it with similar information on other devices, like your desktop Mac or your iPod, so that the two sets of information match.
Though the idea behind syncing may be simple, putting it into practice requires coming up with reliable solutions to some knotty problems. Here are the biggies:
- How do you get the information from one device to another?
- How can you guarantee that the most recently changed pieces of information replace the outdated ones?
- How do you resolve conflicts when the same pieces of information are changed in different ways on different devices?
- How do you translate between the internal storage formats that different devices may use for the information you want to sync?
All tough questions, but ones you don't have to answer because the developers who create syncing applications already have—in fact, Apple itself has answered these questions several times in several ways over the last few years.
The answers that Apple came up with in Tiger, and the path it took to get them, can help you better understand how syncing works (the first step in taking control of syncing), regardless of whether Apple or a third-party developer supplies the solution you end up choosing for your syncing needs.
Apple Syncing's Evolution
Apple's first stab at a syncing solution came in 2002, in the form of iSync for Jaguar, a one-stop syncing solution for portable devices and Macs. Apple designed iSync to work with Jaguar's new personal information applications—iCal and Address Book—providing an easy way for Mac users to sync calendar and contact information with other Macs (via Apple's .Mac online subscription service) and with mobile phones, PDAs, and iPods.
iSync for Panther added more compatible devices, fixed some bugs, and incorporated some minor new features, but it didn't change the basic concept: if you wanted to sync something, you used iSync.
But Apple had already begun to realize that there was more to syncing than just addresses and calendars, and that a more general, adaptable approach to syncing—one that third-party developers as well as Apple could exploit—was needed.
With Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger, Apple has introduced such a general, adaptable syncing strategy: syncing has become a system service that any application can use. In the process, iSync has become only one tool among several that you can use to sync information—the one-stop syncing solution is no more.
Apple's brave new world of system-wide syncing has its pros and cons. On one hand, you can expect to see more applications that take advantage of Tiger's syncing service and that can sync their data between Macs and other devices—for example, as this e-book was being written, Microsoft introduced a new version of Entourage that exploits Tiger's syncing service. On the other hand, you'll have to work harder to remember which applications sync which kinds of information, and with which devices.
No one said that living in the future would be easy.
Apple's Syncing Model
To make syncing into a system-wide service, Apple has devised a model that describes what syncing is and how it works, a model flexible enough to be useful in a variety of programs and devices. If you understand this model, you'll be better able to take control of syncing on your Macintosh and less apt to be confused by any hiccups in the syncing process.
Apple's syncing model includes three kinds of participants in the syncing process:
Client: A client consists of an application or a process running on your Mac that makes use of Mac OS X's syncing services. iSync, for example, is a syncing client. Clients usually initiate the syncing process.
Sync engine: The sync engine, provided by Mac OS X's syncing services, handles syncing requests from clients. Clients, in Apple's model, don't sync directly with each other; the sync engine handles all the syncing tasks between clients. The sync engine can also notify some clients that a sync session is taking place and invite those clients to join.
- Truth database: The truth database contains records of all the information that clients have synced through the sync engine, as well as descriptions of the various storage formats that particular clients use for that information. Clients never communicate directly with the truth database; the sync engine, and the sync engine alone, has access to the truth database. The sync engine uses the truth database to resolve any conflicts between clients, to store newly received information, and to supply the latest information that a client may request.
Note: Each user account has its own truth database, located in ~/Library/
Application Support/SyncServices/Local. If you're a .Mac user, part of your truth database also resides among the folders in your iDisk's /Library/Application Support/SyncServices folder. Now that you know this, restrain yourself from modifying the files that make up this database. | <urn:uuid:6a53b386-36ee-4c3c-9719-b9f6c5a59d7b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.macdevcenter.com/pub/a/mac/2006/09/05/synching.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719677.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00561-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945183 | 1,169 | 1.875 | 2 |
Malarndirri McCarthy, Patrick Dodson, Linda Burney and Warren Snowdon reflect on the closing of the Uluru climb.
MALARNDIRRI MCCARTHY, NT SENATOR: Hello, we're here on Anangu country and we've come to pay our respects to theAnangu traditional owners, to the people who live here and we thank them fortheir invitation on this special ceremony on the closure of the climb, an important day not only for the people here but indeed for First Nations people right across Australia and for allAustralians.
WARREN SNOWDON, MEMBER FOR LINGIARI: As someone I was here 35 years 7 ago recalling the great celebrationthere was when the Governor General Ninian Stephen transferred the title tothe local community who then leased it back immediately to the Commonwealth as a National Park for the benefit of all Australians and to think about thosemany traditional owners who struggle forso long to get that recognition and will today be very very pleased that finally the minga juta, the many ants, all those tourists, are no longer climbingthis very very important sacred site.
PATRICK DODSON, WA SENATOR:Thank you to the board for yourcourage and your respect for Anangu culture, for law and respecting thewishes of the Anangu people andmaking sure that Anangu spirituality and custodianship of this great icon isthere not only to respect our cultureand our spiritual values but to bestill made available for all Australians.
LINDA BURNEY, MEMBER FOR BARTON: I feel very privileged to be here with Malarndirri, the Senator for the NorthernTerritory, Warren Snowden the member
for Lingiari and with Patrick Dodson aSenator from Western Australia but bothWarren and Patrick played such an important role in the original hand back. This is where the Uluru Statement two years ago was formulated and it's whywe're here today - or one of the reasons we're here today as the Labor Partysupporting that statement but also asMalarndirri, Warren and Patrick said paying our respect for the Anangu and this incredible moment in the Australianstory.
TRANSCRIPT - 27 OCTOBER 2019 | <urn:uuid:41b98620-bc64-4efb-a27d-e396b00ea80f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://malarndirrimccarthy.com.au/media-hub/interview-transcripts/a-message-from-anangu-country-on-the-closure-of-the-uluru-climb/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.929808 | 459 | 1.65625 | 2 |
When you feel sick, you usually go to see your doctor. What would you think if your doctor said to you, “Welcome to our clinic. We have treatments available for a variety of ailments and diseases. Some of them are on sale. Why don’t you browse through this medical journal and find one that you like. I’ll be in the next room if you have any questions.”
Does this sound completely ridiculous?
Then, why is it not considered ridiculous when the Retail Sales Associate (RSA) in a bedding department says essentially the same thing to a customer? Just as the physician knows the ailments, the treatments and the cures, the RSA should know all the beds, their feels (comfort levels) and their prices. Just as the patient only knows his symptoms, but little else, the customer usually only knows his problems (symptoms) and little else. To think that the customer can just browse around until he “finds one he likes,” is just as silly as the doctor/patient scenario we described in the first paragraph.
THE ENCOUNTER WITH THE BEDDING CUSTOMER
The opening act of each retail sales drama starts pretty much the same way. Customers walk into a store and RSA’s greet them with the hope of making a sale.
At once, this encounter between two human beings, who are probably total strangers, becomes a contest for control of the ensuing interaction. We’ll call this interaction The Sale.
The final outcome of The Sale will depend almost entirely on whether the RSA keeps control or gives up control to the customer.
There is an old saying in retail, “Somebody gets sold in every sales encounter. It’s either the customer or the salesperson.” Guess what happens when the salesperson got sold? If you guessed that the customer leaves empty handed, you guessed correctly. When a customer leaves empty handed, the salesperson, at some point, probably relinquished control of the sale. When this happens, nobody wins and everybody loses.
WHAT DO WE MEAN BY CONTROL OF THE BEDDING SALE?
What is control, anyway? The first entry in the Oxford English Dictionary defines control as: “the function of directing and focusing action.” Shouldn’t this be the RSA’s role in the sale?
In his Furniture World article, “Social Media,” January/February 2014, Volume 144 No. 1, page 75, Larry Mullins says, “The power of the one-on-one conversation remains the most effective method of selling on earth.” Ask yourself, have you ever noticed much of a one-on-one conversation when the customer is wandering around the store unattended with the RSA standing alone, watching at a distance, waiting and hoping that the customer will have a question?
Control of the sale IS NOT pushing, dominating, browbeating, high-pressuring or out-talking the customer. Control IS directing the sale and using the power of the conversation to keep the customer interested and focused on the goal. The goal is to make the sale and solve the customer’s problem. To reach the goal the RSA must learn about, analyze, and understand the customer’s problem. That’s why he or she is in your store to begin with, to try to solve a problem.
If control is so important, how and when does the RSA gain and hold onto control of the sales encounter? What does the RSA do if he loses control, or cannot gain control to begin with? We’ll discuss these questions in the following paragraphs.
FIRST, PREPARE THE RSA FOR THE SALES ENCOUNTER
Before we begin analyzing the process of establishing control of the sale, we must emphasize that no RSA can control any one-on-one conversation unless he or she is PREPARED for his/her role on the sales floor. Like an actor in a play, or our doctor mentioned above, the RSA must be trained and prepared for her role. This does not mean that the RSA has to memorize a script.
This leads to our next RSA qualification, and that is confidence. To control the sale, the RSA must have confidence in himself and his products. That brings us back to preparation again, doesn’t it? Being thoroughly prepared is the only way to feel confident and to project that confidence to the customer. Confidence is contagious. The confident RSA will pass that confidence on to customers and confident customers are much more likely to make a purchase and feel good about their purchase.
WHY SHOULD THE RSA TRY TO CONTROL THE SALE?
I have observed many RSAs who just let customers “go with the flow”. The attitude of the RSA being, “They know what they are looking for, and if we have it, they’ll find it. I’ll just make myself available if they have any questions.”
Let me say this. Many, if not most, customers DO NOT KNOW what they are looking for. As we said in a previous paragraph, the reason they walk in the door to begin with is because they have some sort of problem. The sole purpose of the RSA is to help solve that problem. The RSA who does not take control of the sale with the purpose of solving the customer’s problem, will lose the sale to an RSA down the street who will take control and solve the problem.
HOW AND WHEN DOES THE RSA GAIN CONTROL?
Okay, now we have a prepared RSA ready to take an “up”. He’s also confident in himself and his products because he is prepared. Do you think the prepared, confident RSA is going to just lay back and let the customer find everything for himself and just answer a question when needed? I don’t think so. So, where does this prepared RSA begin to establish control?
Control begins with the greeting: If you are a reader of sales training books and articles, you may have noticed that “The Meet and Greet” is widely debated and discussed. Heated arguments among sales trainers voice a variety of opinions on what constitutes a “Good Greeting.” This is not an article about the Meet and Greet; it is about establishing Control of the Sale, but let me make one important declaration. The point of a strong, interesting greeting is to quickly gain control of the sale. The big problem with “May I help you?” or “How can I help you?” or “Welcome to our store!” is that none of these greetings grabs the customer’s attention and focuses that attention on the RSA. Therefore, they do not help the RSA gain control of the sale. First and foremost, the greeting should make the customer feel comfortable with the store and interested in what the RSA has to say. When the customer feels at ease, the RSA has a much better chance to gain control of the conversation. What is a good greeting? That will be the subject of a future article. So, where does the RSA go from here?
Qualify to keep control:
Qualifying, which is asking the customer questions to find out exactly the nature of his sleep problem, should really solidify the RSA’s control of the sale. Qualifying not only analyzes the customer’s problem, it also provides the opportunity for the RSA to establish a rapport with the customer. The concerned, skilled RSA who carefully probes the customer’s wants and needs should build the customer’s confidence in the RSA as someone who really is qualified to help them. Once a genuine rapport is established, maintaining control should get a lot easier.
Selection to keep control:
The Selection step is where the RSA’s preparation and product knowledge really start to pay off. If a store is correctly merchandised with a full array of products, the skilled RSA should quickly be able to find the right product for the customer at the right price. Using the answers obtained in the Qualifying step, the RSA now must plan and follow a route through the store whereby he will LEAD the customer to the right product. But, the Selection step can also be dangerous. This is a critical juncture in the sale where customers can start wandering away from the RSA. This is where your hard-earned control can suddenly evaporate, and when it does, so does your hope of making the sale. It’s very important to keep customers engaged. This is where RSA preparation can really come in handy. This is where presenting timely educational facts to hold the attention of customers is important.
You will know the Selection step has succeeded when the customer discovers the bed or product she really likes and is willing and/or eager to buy. I like to call this discovery event: LANDING on the bed.
Control at the close:
When they are Landed, go for the close. Closing is a process. This closing process includes Pitching the bed, which also can be called the Presentation. At this point, hopefully, the RSA has the customers or customer lying on the bed, in rapt attention, as he reaffirms their intelligent decision with the benefits of the bed, supported by features. At this point, control of the process should come naturally, but it can still be lost if the RSA is not careful. Watch out for the dreaded control-killer, “Is this the one you want or do you want to look around some more?”
As we all should know, the sale does not end with the close. Prepare the happy customer to become a satisfied, repeat customer for many years to come. Control, by this time, should be easy. Your customer is happy, the RSA is happy. Now is the best time to ask confidently for referrals and future sales. Get some idea of the customer’s future needs and wants. Let him know that you will be his scout and consultant for all future furniture and bedding purchases; and you will faithfully follow up. All you need is contact information, such as e-mail address, etc.
LOSING CONTROL OF THE SALE: WARNING SIGNS
How can you tell if an RSA has gained or lost control of the sale? Observe who is following who. If the customer is following the RSA, the RSA probably has control. If the RSA is following the customer, guess who is probably not going to make the sale.
Keeping control of the sales process is not always as easy as this article makes it sound. There are many pitfalls between the Meet and Greet and the final happy Goodbye when the thrilled customer, receipt in hand, exits the store waving happily at the confident, triumphant RSA.
What could possibly go wrong? We have a supremely prepared RSA with a pleasant, engaging personality and he still can’t gain and keep control of the sale?
The answer is almost always, The Customer Can’t or Won’t Pay Attention to the RSA. Why?
Illustrated here are a few problem scenarios.
Most RSAs will agree that couples, especially those in the 25 to 54 age bracket, are your favorite customers. As mentioned previously, the RSA must keep the conversation interesting to hold customers’ attention. However, couples can also be harder to control than single customers. If one half of the couple is interested, but the other is not paying close attention, and starts wandering around, the next thing you know, he or she calling out across the room, “Honey, come look at this one!” This is where your hard-earned control can suddenly evaporate, and when it does, so does your hope of making the sale. It’s very important to keep your couple together; keep both of them engaged.
If one half of the couple starts wandering off, the RSA MUST, tactfully and gently, pull him or her back into the sales presentation.
Couples with Young Children.
Why do people bring small children to look at mattresses and furniture? For whatever reason, if they do, the RSA must patiently bear this burden and try to maintain control (of himself and the sales process.) Regardless of what these customers are looking for, parents are easily distracted by their children, especially unruly ones. Sadly, the only suggestion I can offer is for the store to set up a small “children’s entertainment room” with TV and games, where the parents can easily keep an eye on them. You certainly don’t want to try to correct unruly and misbehaving children. Parents quickly take offense. If the parents are looking for children’s beds, the best way to hold their attention, is to emphasize the importance of proper sleep for children. Be armed with the facts concerning sleep and children’s health, and make these facts part of the conversation. Concerned parents are usually a good audience for the appeal to the health of their children. If they insist on cheap, however, find cheap, write it up and get them out of the store as quickly as possible.
I want to make a quick point about mattresses and furniture for very young children. Please, encourage the parent, and not the three year old, to make the buying decision. We’ve all seen the spectacle of the parents “begging the baby” to decide which one it likes the best. Watch your control vanish when this happens.
How do you, the RSA, know if you are keeping or losing control? Pay attention to the customer’s “attention status.” Is he showing “buying signals” or “boring signals?” If he yawns and/or asks for your card, he’s bored. You’ve got to re-gain control, quickly, or you’ve wasted the entire encounter.
If you work in a small store, particularly in a small mattress store, you may be the only RSA on the floor. What happens when several customers come in at once or when the “be-back bus” stops in front of the store and lets off three or four people? It’s hard enough to control one sales conversation, much less four or five. You still have to keep control, as best you can. Here’s what I suggest. You must greet and quickly qualify EVERY customer. Do not ignore anyone. Explain in a voice that all can hear that you are working by yourself and you will help everybody and you will make it worth their while to be patient. Once you qualify each customer, then you must PRIORITIZE the customers by their potential. Don’t let the $3,000 king set walk, so that you can find the right twin mattress protector for a customer who bought their mattress at a warehouse club.
RE-GAINING CONTROL OF THE BEDDING SALE
Even the most prepared RSA will, once in a while, run into a tough customer that refuses to be controlled. What do you do with this person? One method I have used to good effect on occasion is to change the subject altogether; to look for common ground. Weather, sports, politics (be careful with this one,) cars, pickups and grand-children are all subjects (among many others) that can spark interest in even the most taciturn customer. GET THEM TALKING is often your best tool to gain control, if all else fails. Talking (and agreeing) about anything, to establish rapport, has been known to turn the most aloof up into a satisfied long-term customer. Which brings us to our next idea.
Keep them in the store. I noticed many years ago that the longer a customer stays in the store, (especially the one that cannot seem to make a decision), the more likely it is that she will eventually decide to buy. The customer who is not under control (not in the conversation) will usually walk out early and unsold.
Let them talk it over. Sometimes the customer (especially couples) will ask the RSA if they can talk over the possible purchase privately (this usually happens when they are lying on the bed.) Always honor this request. Moving away and letting them talk does not mean losing control of the sale. You must keep an eye on them, however, and be prepared to break in on their conversation at the first utterance of the dreaded, “Should we look around some more?” If you have maintained strong control of the sale up to the point of letting them talk privately, you should not have any trouble in moving right back in and re-assuming the initiative and control.
Turn the sale over to another RSA. What if you just cannot gain control of the sale? If another RSA or manager is working, turn the sale over to them. Sometimes a Turn-Over (T.O.) works wonders. There is a correct, effective way to do a turn-over for maximum effect. There is a whole chapter in my book, How to Win the Battle for Mattress Sales, the Bed Seller’s Manual, for full details on the T.O.
Control of The Sale is the single most important facet of the sales process the RSA can exercise. Failure to control the sale, usually signaled by the RSA haplessly following a customer around the store, is the single most fatal error an RSA can make. When your salespeople control the sale, your customer wins, you win, your store wins, the manufacturer wins, and for that matter, so does the Gross Domestic Product for the U.S.A.
David Benbow, a twenty-three year veteran of the mattress and bedding industry, is owner of Mattress Retail Training Company. Dave’s company offers mattress retailers a full array of retail guidance; from small store management to training retail sales associates (RSAs.) Dave’s many years of hands-on experience as retail sales associate, store manager, sales manager/trainer and store owner of multiple stores in six different American metropolitan areas uniquely qualifies him as an expert in selling bedding at the retail level.
David is the author of the recently published book, “How to Win the Battle for Mattress Sales, the Bed Seller’s Manual”. This book is the first book to systematically present a complete, organized, but easily read and understood text book for mattress and bedding retail sales associates, beginner and experienced professional alike. It is a complete training course in one 292 page book. The book can be purchased on-line at http://www.bedsellersmanual.com.
He also offers hands-on training classes for retailers on a variety of subjects and issues as well as on-line classes that can be downloaded from the websites mentioned above.
David can be contacted via e-mail at email@example.com or in person at 361-648-3775. | <urn:uuid:b5059cad-83bb-491f-bede-c997b04fcaef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.furninfo.com/Furniture%20World%20Articles/3481 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.954804 | 3,941 | 2.140625 | 2 |
The dog sits in the back of the old dented Jeep, rust showing here and there under the dark green paint. The dog’s owner took off the top the first sunny day of summer and will forget about it until the rain comes in the fall. The dog is big and rangy with long fur in the black-and-tan saddle pattern of a German shepherd, and has upright ears that point in the direction of what he’s listening to.
He pants in the shade under the purple-leafed plum tree where his owner parked the Jeep in the Fred Meyer parking lot. It’s a big lot with plenty of action. People pull into it, park their cars and go into the store while others come out of the store pushing noisy shopping carts across the broken pavement and load up the backs of their SUVs.
The dog watches it all; the closer the action, the more intense his gaze. The Jeep is his, along with the empty parking spaces on all sides of him. If someone parks next to the Jeep, he barks at them when they open their car doors to get out, and they go find another spot to park.
He has learned that if he barks, people give him space, and he likes space. When he has space, he can relax. With no one near him he won’t have to ward off unwanted advances to pet him because he looks cool. He likes having his neck scratched if he’s relaxed, but he doesn’t relax if he doesn’t know the person, and scratching is more than just a person running their fingers through his fur, it’s about the trust that has been built prior to the scratching and that’s confirmed every time it’s done.
His view on the world is all about trust. There are people he can trust, and people he can’t, all based on patterns he’s experienced in their behavior. It’s in these patterns that he understands what trust is. Strangers are unpredictable because no pattern has been established and thus they can’t be trusted, only barked at.
People he knows do the same thing again and again, sometimes fun things, like when his owner gets the cheese out of the fridge, and other times not so fun, like when he gets the nail clippers out of the dog drawer. But he goes along with the nail clipping because it has been a long time since his owner quicked him. He used to hate and fight it, now he simply dislikes and tolerates it. And there’s cheese afterward.
As he sits in the back of the Jeep, he’s aware of more than just what he sees. There’s the scent of another dog drifting toward him from the open window of a minivan parked a few rows over. He’s heard it bark a few times and can tell that it’s a small dog and not very relaxed being left alone.
He doesn’t mind being left alone. His owner will be back because that’s the pattern. There’s also the scent of a cat that passed through the lot a few hours ago and he’d like to jump out of the Jeep and track the scent trail to where the cat is now and make the cat run so he could chase it. Chasing things that run is fun. Bees, flies, squirrels, opossums.
When they run it flicks a switch in him and he’s got to chase. But he doesn’t jump out of the Jeep because that would change his owner’s pattern. He gets to go in the Jeep because he stays in the Jeep. If he doesn’t stay in the Jeep he doesn’t get to go in the Jeep, a sort of half-freedom, but that’s the deal they’ve made, the pattern that’s been established.
Much in the dog’s life is based on half-freedoms. He gets to run free in the yard, but it’s fenced. He gets to go on walks without his leash, but he has to stay close to his owner and come when he’s asked. But he’s used to this concept of half-freedoms because it’s similar to playing with other dogs. He can get rough and bark and growl, but when the other dog suddenly stops and sniffs the grass like it’s the most interesting thing in the world though they both know it’s not, he pauses and lets his excitement drop to a more manageable level.
The dog’s gaze keeps returning to the store’s entrance—the last place he saw his owner. Now he spots him come out pushing a cart across the lot. Carts are good. Carts mean food. Carts mean chips and salsa, his favorite. Carts are part of the patterns in his life. Next, he and his owner will go for a ride in the Jeep. There will be lots of smells along the way and then they’ll be home and in the kitchen and there will be food and maybe some cheese. He likes sharp cheddar. He likes it a lot. | <urn:uuid:0a1c9574-e389-4541-a430-436d4cebb233> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gnawingthebone.net/2013/07/20/dog-fiction-patterns/?like_comment=559&_wpnonce=72f60c89c0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.97778 | 1,097 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Notable art dealers from the late nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century. The records provide a detailed view of the Duveen
Brothers business activities in London, Paris, and New York. Although the archive extends from 1876 to 1981, the bulk of the
material dates from Joseph Duveen's tenure as president of the firm, 1909-1939, and the period 1939-1964 when Edward Fowles
directed the firm (with Armand Lowengard until 1943). The mass of documents, such as cables and letters, invoices, and ledger
and stock books, give a day-by-day account of art dealing, business strategy, and the individuals involved. Included are some
records from the Kleinberger Galleries, 1906-1971, and 6 linear feet of Edward Fowles's papers.
Duveen Brothers, notable art dealers in London, Paris, and New York from the late nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth
century, brought to America high quality old master paintings and decorative arts from the great private collections in Europe.
Under the guidance of Joseph Duveen (1869-1939) and assisted by art experts, most notably Bernard Berenson, the Duveen Brothers
monopolized the American art market for five decades. Duveen Brothers helped to form the art collections of many extremely
wealthy Americans. A number of these collections became the nuclei of U.S. museums such as the Frick Collection, the Huntington
Art Collections and the National Gallery of Art.
394.0 linear feet
(584 boxes, 18 flat file folders)
Library Reproductions and Permissions.
A microfilm copy (422 reels) of the archive is open for use by qualified researchers. The original papers are restricted because
they are brittle and fragile. Additional microfilm copies of the archive have been deposited at the Thomas J. Watson Library
of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, the Witt Library of the Courtauld Institute in London, and at the Institute
national d'histoire de l'art in Paris. | <urn:uuid:0d7c8704-2156-409f-b7da-9ec4a7a9e5bd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt3n39n6jd/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00107-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.889057 | 435 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Flurbiprofen, when given orally is highly plasma protein bound (about 90- 99%). It gets metabolised in the liver. It has a t1/2 of 4- 6 hrs.About 10% gets excreted in the urine. Flurbiprofen enters the brain, synovial fluid and can cross the placenta.
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, OSTEOARTHRITIS, ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS AND SIMILAR CONDITIONS: 150-200mg in 3-4 divided doses. In severe conditions upto 300mg daily in divided doses may be given.
Oral Sustained Rel. 200mg o.d.
Inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase and reduction of prostaglandin levels. Potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation.
Flurbiprofen when used with lithium and Methotrexate, increases their toxicity. Flurbiprofen antagonises the effect of diuretics like Frusemide and Thiazides. It can delay the action of Digoxin.
Effect & Precaution
Transient burning sensation, local irritation, inconjunction with surgery there is an increase in bleeding tendency of ocular tissues.
Special precaution has to be taken in patients with
history of cardiac decompensation, hypertention, pregnancy and impaired
Pregnancy: Use with caution.
Breast Feeding: Use with caution.
Man: May be used
Hoechst Marion Roussel | <urn:uuid:7337825c-b286-4e3f-a74a-9085cb79a481> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mdbrowse.com/Druginf/F/flurbiprofen.htm/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.747034 | 445 | 1.867188 | 2 |
“…my relations with cinema (…) are those of a marriage on bad terms. That is to say, I cannot live with cinema or without cinema, and judging from the quantity of offers I receive from producers, cinema feels the same way about me.”
—Gabriel García Márquez
Gabriel García Márquez’s passion for film has always been constant and multifaceted. He has written film reviews; he has produced an extensive report about filmmaker Miguel Littin, Clandestine in Chile; he has led script workshops; he has adapted other writers’ stories and novellas as well as his own tales for the cinema; and nearly twenty Latin American, Iberian, and European directors have used his pieces to produce works for the big screen. Moreover, he has created a foundation for New Latin American Cinema, and a School of Cinema and Television for the Third World. The relationship between film and García Márquez is, as he himself confesses, a “marriage on bad terms,” but it has nevertheless borne multiple fruits.
During recent years there has been an increase in “cinematographic Gabomania” since the release in 2007 of the Colombian author’s sole Hollywood movie to date: Love in the Time of Cholera, directed by Mike Nichols. The film production company Argos this year begins filming Noticia de un secuestro (“News of a Kidnapping”), and Costa Rican filmmaker Hilda Hidalgo, a graduate of the school founded by the author, is finishing her adaptation of Del amor y otros demonios (Of Love and Other Demons”), which was offered to her by García Márquez himself at the end of one of his workshops, and which has now become the most ambitious film in Central American cinema.
García Márquez’s fondness for the seventh art – sparked by his grandfather Nicolás Márquez, “who had taken him by the hand in Aracataca to see the films of Tom Mix” – finally blossomed through his work as a film critic beginning in February of 1954. The cinema-loving Gabo took advantage of a trip to Europe in 1955 as a reporter for El Espectador to enroll in the renowned Experimental Cinematographic Center in Rome; notwithstanding, he left after only a couple of months, disappointed by the academic focus of the Center.
Still, his passion for film did not wear out so easily: he returned to Barranquilla planning to establish a film school, a project that he wrote up but never realized. In 1961, he traveled to Mexico:
“…with twenty dollars in his pocket, his woman, a son, and an idea fixed in his head: to make cinema.”
Mexican producer Manuel Barbachano Ponce offered him an opportunity to work on his adaptation of El gallo de oro, a text by Juan Rulfo, done in collaboration with Carlos Fuentes. Soon, they the producers began to take an interest in the writer himself, and García Márquez ceded the rights to his story En este pueblo no hay ladrones so that Alberto Isaac and Emilio García Riera could produce it for the big screen.
In 1964, García Márquez wrote his first original script, Tiempo de morir; an old idea which in that era he called “El charro”. The script was written expressly for Arturo Ripstein, and the dialogues were adapted by Carlos Fuentes. The work marked the beginning of the career of the now renowned Mexican director, Ripstein. Later on, between 1983 and 1985, Colombian director Jorge Alí Triana produced two versions of the same script, one for film and the other for television, and Rodrigo García, son of the Nobel Prize winner, also produced a version of the same script.
García Márquez continued to contribute to the works of Ripstein and of Luis Alcoriza, such as Presagio (1974), considered by some critics to be the best film from this early stage.
While making Presagio, the García Márquez realized that he was writing something very similar to what he wanted to express in a literary form. He shut himself away for eighteen months and emerged with Cien años de soledad (“One Hundred Years of Solitude”) (1967).
The publication and success of this book, which turned him into a world-famous writer, changed the trajectory of his career. From then on, directors would come looking for him to adapt his novellas and stories: María de mi corazón (1979), Eréndira(1982), by Ruy Guerra, La viuda de Montiel (1979), by the Chilean Miguel Littin, El mar del tiempo perdido (1981), by Solveig Hoogesteijn, Un señor muy viejo con unas alas enormes (1988), by Fernando Birri, and Oedipo alcalde (1996), Jorge Alí Triana’s contemporary adaptation of Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex. In 1997, the Italian Francesco Rosi adapted Crónica de una muerte anunciada (“Chronicle of a Death Foretold”) and in 1998, Ripstein filmed El coronel no tiene quien le escriba (“No One Writes to the Colonel”). Additionally, numerous television series and short films have been produced by students of the Script Workshop with the collaboration of the Master.
Nevertheless, we believe that García Márquez’s fundamental contribution to film was the founding of Cuba’s International School of Cinema and Television (EICTV), which has allowed more than 800 youths to learn about the film trade – youths who, without his figure, would have never pursued their interests in film. Gabo is the great father of all young Latin American filmmakers, many of whom have already won international awards. Like Hilda Hidalgo, they are adapting the work of the “father,” but adding a very personal vision of Del amor y otros demonios: a feminine view, a love story, the first film of an EICTV student. A challenge that Hilda accepted with a smile and with the complicity of the master.
Fall 2009, Volume VIII, Number 3
María Lourdes Cortés is the director of the Fondo de fomento al audiovisual de Centroamérica y el Caribe, the Foundation for Central American and Caribbean Audiovisual Promotion. A professor at the Universidad de Costa Rica and a researcher for the Fundación del Nuevo Cine Latinoamericano, she is author of Amor y traición: cine y literatura en América Latina (1999) and La pantalla rota: Cien años de cine en Centroamérica (2005). She is currently working on a book about García Márquez and film.
María Lourdes Cortés es directora del Fondo de fomento al audiovisual de Centroamérica y el Caribe, la Fundación para la Promoción Audiovisual de Centroamérica y el Caribe. Profesora de la Universidad de Costa Rica e investigadora de la Fundación del Nuevo Cine Latinoamericano, es autora de Amor y traición: cine y literatura en América Latina (1999) y La pantalla rota: Cien años de cine en Centroamérica (2005). Actualmente está trabajando en un libro sobre García Márquez y el cine.
English + Español
A couple of years ago, in 2007, the so-called Three Amigos (the filmmakers Alfonso Cuarón, Guillermo del Toro and Alejandro González Iñárritu) went up on stage for the 79th Oscar Awards presentations. Their three films (Children of Men, Pan’s Labyrinth and Babel, respectively)/Hace poco tiempo, en el año 2007, los llamados Three Amigos (los cinerealizadores mexicanos Alfonso Cuarón, Guillermo del Toro y Alejandro González Iñárritu) subieron al escenario de la 79ª premiación del Óscar. En total, sus tres películas (Children of Men, Pan’s Labyrinth y Babel, respectivamente)…
Mexico has a long history of filmmaking, from the silent era to the present, with some particularly prolific periods that have been stimulated by state sponsorship and international recognition. Appreciation of the results began in the 1940s, when Mexican films won prizes at…
Hucha mítetixapquia escacsi hupiringa, máteru cuiripuecha. Atahpiticha encacsi tyámu xucuparhapca ca engacsi cacapequa úquaaca imaechani engancsi cuahpequarhenga. Ma cuiripuhcu no cherheaspti. Yurhistsquiri ma enga naneni, hamemquia Eréndira arhicurhispti… | <urn:uuid:b8534418-7d5a-4733-9436-15139ed44a09> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://revista.drclas.harvard.edu/garcia-marquez-and-cinema/page/2/?et_blog | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.877101 | 2,029 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Siliguri, March 17: The Trinamul Congress is highlighting the construction of a road between Siliguri and Jalpaiguri in the election campaign to counter the rivals’ charge that the state government had been unable to widen NH31D to four lanes from two.
The 45km new road is an alternative to NH31D that has been in a pitiable state for the past few years between Siliguri and Salsalabari on the Assam-Bengal border.
The work on improving the alternative two-lane road began six months back and is being carried out by the north Bengal development department and the Jalpaiguri zilla parishad. The road passes through the Jalpaiguri Lok Sabha constituency where Trinamul has fielded Bijoy Chandra Barman.
The Mamata Banerjee government has come under fire for its reluctance to acquire land to convert NH31D into a four-lane road.
Minister Gautam Deb, who is in charge of the north Bengal development department, said most of the land required for the widening of NH31D had been taken over by the state government.
“Yet, the National Highways Authority of India has not started the widening. So, the state government felt the need to develop an alternative road which can help thousands of commuters who travel between Siliguri and Jalpaiguri daily,” he said.
“The road will provide relief to two-wheelers and four-wheelers. Besides, there is information that construction of the four-lane highway will begin soon as the tender process has been initiated. During the construction, there is likely to be traffic congestion and the alternative road will be required then,” Deb added.
The alternative road starts from Gosala More in Jalpaiguri and joins the Eastern Bypass near Siliguri.
The road had existed before, but was narrow and in a bad state.
Observers said Trinamul’s focus on the alternative road stemmed from its realisation that the state would be held responsible by the CPM and the Congress for the delay in the widening of NH31D.
“Trinamul was apprehensive of criticism on the land issue and decided to develop an alternative road that will help commuters between Siliguri and Jalpaiguri. During the campaign, other parties, particularly the Congress, will surely raise the issue. To counter it, Trinamul will have to speak about the new road to convince voters,” said an observer.
The Congress said the new road wouldn’t ease the traffic problems between Siliguri and Salsalabari. “Building an alternative road is good, at least for the people travelling between Siliguri and Jalpaiguri. But it can never solve the woes of those who travel on NH31D daily,” said Shankar Malakar, the Darjeeling district Congress president. | <urn:uuid:de8bd124-c8fc-4c0d-8258-f7970b7b6c4d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140318/jsp/siliguri/story_18090066.jsp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718309.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00405-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96172 | 609 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Sunday, December 31, 2006
Another day of bird watching in Boise. I took in some cross country skiing this morning before heading out this afternoon to take some photos along the river. We were looking for bald eagles, but none were to be seen. We did see some interesting stuff. Here you see what I believe is a song sparrow. Sparrows are still tough for me. Not necessarily an exciting bird to find as they are quite common, but the picture came out quite good, so I though I would share.
Upon approaching the river, I scared up a group of Common Goldeneyes (not necessarily common here, but that is their name). I had to sneak down the river to get this shot.
One of my favorite birds chose to put on a show for us. Here are a few Hooded Mergansers. I learned something today. Most of the head shape of these birds is made up of feathers. It surprised me when one of them folded down their head feathers. I had just assumed their head was shaped that way.
Other birds: Canada Goose, Mallard, Common Goldeneye, Bufflehead, Hooded Merganser, Hairy Woodpecker, Northern Flicker, Belted Kingfisher, Great Blue Heron, Cedar Waxwing, American Robin, House Sparrow, Song Sparrow, Dark-eyed Junco
Technorati tags: Idaho, Boise, Birds, Bird Watching
Friday, December 29, 2006
On Christmas day, Karyn and I drove out to Wilson Ponds in Nampa for some bird watching and to get some more time using our joint Christmas present to each other - the 100-400mm lens for our camera (yes, we did cheat and use it for an earlier post as well!).
A report that I had received a day before indicated a high level of bird activity at the ponds. Contributing to the normal activity was the fact that the fish hatchery had released a number of fish into the ponds, causing a large increase in gull activity.
Upon our arrival, there were birds everywhere. We originally the birds in the photo on the left might be Greater Scaups, but an earlier report of Lesser Scaups forced me to study the details more carefully. While not 100% sure, I now classify these as Lesser Scaups.
As you can see in the picture on the right, there was a great deal of gull activity. I have identified a number of these as Ring-billed Gulls, but I am sure there are some others mixed in as well. We watched as the gulls would dive in for the fish. I watched one pull a fish out of the water, only to fumble it as tried to fly away. We watched a number of failed attempts as well.
A Redtailed Hawk graced our presence for a while as it flew circles over head.
The surprise of the day, at least for me was a group of Yellow-rumped Warblers. I expected all warblers to have vacated the area months ago.
A couple of our favorites - Belted Kingfisher and Pied-billed Grebe were also present.
Complete list we observed: Ruddy Duck, Canada Goose, Wood Duck, Mallard, Ring-necked Duck, Lesser Scaup, Bufflehead, Belted Kingfisher, Mourning Dove, American Coot, Ring-billed Gull, Red-tailed Hawk, American Kestrel, Pied-billed Grebe, Great Blue Heron, Black-billed Magpie, House Sparrow, White-crowned Sparrow, Yellow-rumped Warbler
Arcticle feature in I and the Bird #40 blog carnival.
Saturday, December 23, 2006
After years of digiscoping (taking digital photos through our spotting scope), we finally broke down and purchased a digital SLR camera for photography. We now use a Canon Digital Rebel XTi, with a Canon 100-400mm lens. It clearly doesn't qualify as a pocket camera! So far we have been very impressed with the image quality and even more impressed with the speed of the camera. The ability to take 28 shots in a row, 3 frames a second, is an excellent capability that we didn't have before. The focus is right on, even for motion shots. We have taken some good sequences of birds flying. 20 shots in a row, all of them excellent while panning. When buying the lens I was sure that we would have to tripod the camera to use it at all. Not true. Most of the shots below were taken at 400mm hand held! It was definitely a good investment!
(click on photo for larger image)
Thursday, December 21, 2006
I haven't published any posts on the election results in November. This is primarily due to my disbelief in Idaho moving more conservative as the rest of the country moved more towards the democrats. This shouldn't come as a surprise as our state has the second highest presidential approval rating, still above 50%. But that is not supposed to be the topic of this post.
In a recent newsletter from the Coalition for Regional Public Transportation, a group which I have the honor of representing my company in, I learned of many successful ballot measures for public transportation across the country. Unfortunately, there weren't any in Idaho. Yet.
Across the nation, $40 billion in new public transit funding was approved. Voters in 13 states approved 21 of the 33 ballot measures, including 7 statewide initiatives. This provides me hope for the future of the Treasure Valley of Idaho. As I have mentioned before in this blog, Idaho is one of only 4 states which provide no state funding for transit and restricts local funding of transit - Hawaii, Alaska, and Mississippi are the others. The coalition is working with the Idaho legislature to allow local option funding. This isn't an initiative to raise taxes, its an initiative to allow us to ask the citizens if they want to pay for public transit. Today in Idaho, we can't even do that.
If we are successful in this legislature, in November 2008, we will get to vote to approve our own transportation system expansion.
Today was an interesting transit day for me. The double Christmas Whammy hit. The bus service runs slower the week before Christmas as many bus routes converge on the mall. The traffic in and out of the mall, delays the buses through the day. We were also hit with a mid-day snow storm. The result - I waited 35 minutes in the snow for my bus. Since the bus only runs once an hour, it greatly limit your options.
Tuesday, December 19, 2006
Last week I traveled to Bangalore India on a business trip. It was a trip that I had put off for about a year, but it was finally time to go. I don't really like to travel. Upon scheduling the trip, I received no less than 8 warning email from our corporate travel department about the "high risk" nature of India. What did I get myself into?
The trip preparation began with a visit to the travel nurse that was very successful in scaring the crap out of me. Shots, pills, water filters, emergency evacuation instructions, and instructions like "don't wear any jewelry or you will be robbed." It seemed as if I was stepping off the edge of the planet instead of visiting the world center for corporate IT. How could I travel on a packed 747 airplane to a city where my company employs over 20,000 people, and be at such high risk? In the end, I wasn't mugged or murdered, I didn't get food poisoning, I didn't get run over by a car or bus (this is amazing), and so far no signs of long term illness. Maybe it was the preparation, maybe it was over hyped risks, but I am not complaining.
The trip was very worthwhile from a business perspective, but I want to highlight a few of the cultural observations. First, the traffic was absolutely fascinating. Complete chaos. I would not have survived behind the wheel for more than a minute. Red lights apparently do not mean you should stop, but instead that you should honk your horn as you drive through. Bikes, motorcycles, buses and cars going in every direction with no semblance of rules. I was sure that a bicycle I was watching was going to be wiped out. This repeated itself multiple times each day. The riders didn't even react to the dangers I saw so apparent. Another individual I was traveling with pointed out that if we were on bikes we would flinch and it would all be over. The system appears to work if no one flinches at the risk.
One day I looked out the car window as a motorcycle rode by. A woman sat side saddle on the back and held an infant with one arm. The motorcycle edged between two buses taking what seemed to me as unbelievable risks. It dawned on me that in America the infant would have to be in a certified child seat until he or she weighed 60 pounds. Are the Indians incredibly bold, or are we incredibly wimpy and paranoid. Does this mentality play out in their culture and their world innovation? I don't know how it couldn't.
The other observation I made was the divide between the accelerating high tech boom and those that are left behind. One block from our place of work, was a small vacant lot. On the lot there were hundreds of people. It was clear that they lived there with no shelter in the most cramped quarters I have ever witnessed. They looked hungry, in some cases starving. Children ran around naked. The lot stood out in sharp contrast to its surroundings. It opened my eyes to the fact that even in a location where hundreds of thousands of jobs are being insourced (outsourced from US and other countries), there are still those that are left behind.
Interesting note: I only learned on my return trip that the city of Bangalore is planning to revert its name back to its historic Indian name of Bengalooru.
Sunday, December 03, 2006
I subscribe to the Idaho Foodbank's newsletter. Last week they published an interesting article about Oregon's increase in this minimum wage. In 2002 Oregon votes passed an increase in the minimum wage which is also annually tied to inflation. Two interesting points speak for themselves:
- Unemployment in 2002 = 7.6%, in 2006 = 5.4%.
- Food insecurity rate in 1996-98 = 14.2%, 2003-05 = 11.9% (USDA report).
Last year the Republican dominated Idaho Legislature refused to consider the increase. Through some maneuvering the bill was provided an hour long discussion before being voted down in a landslide. It comes as no surprise that we are still the 8th hungriest state in the country.
I have written before about trophic cascade, specifically the research regard wolves of Yellowstone. Trophic cascade refers to the situation where the lack of a keystone predator has cascading consequences through the ecosystem. These cascades can ultimately impact species we would normally think to be outside the realm of influence, but the connections are eventually made. A new study has been published regarding the lack of Cougars in Zion National Park. Here is the full press release: Cougar predation key to ecosystem health.
The cascade extends far beyond the direct connections with deer and cottonwoods (what deer eat), "It's the decline or disappearance of shrubs, wetland plants, amphibians, lizards, wildflowers, and even butterflies." All can be linked back to the lack of the keystone predator - Cougars. The challenge here is that it cannot be resolved by simply reintroducing cougars. Cougars have been chased away due to human activity. This is an important lesson on the importance of maintaining intact eco-systems with a full complement of wildlife. As human intrusions further segment the wild lands, I expect we will see much more of this.
These local studies are only indicative of what has happened and continues to happen all over the planet. The World Wildlife Fund has recently released its latest Living Planet Report. This report covers two indexes, the first is the Living Planet Index. This index reflects the health of the planet’s ecosystems. This index has fallen by 29% in the past 30 years, indicating a 29% reduction in populations of terrestrial, marine, and freshwater vertebrate species. The second index is the Ecological Footprint Index. This index indicates how much regenerative capacity is required to turn our waste back into resources. As of 2003, we are producing 25% more waste than the planet can possibly process. | <urn:uuid:859f14ed-dd88-488b-b31d-102b048b2b71> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://blog.raptorrob.com/2006_12_01_archive.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720737.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00220-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975143 | 2,587 | 1.625 | 2 |
Election Day- Across Michigan
Secretary of State Ruth Johnson is reminding residents to cast ballots in local elections Tuesday, May 7. “Many of the elections involve local school districts and cities, which means your vote directly affects the community where you live,” said Johnson, Michigan’s chief elections officer. “Please take a few minutes to vote Tuesday if your community is holding an election and be a part of the democratic process.” Elections will be held in 69 of Michigan’s 83 counties. Polls are open 7 a.m. to 8 p.m.
To find out if there is an election in their community, voters can visit the Secretary of State website atwww.Michigan.gov/sos or check with their county clerk’s office. In addition, the online Michigan Voter Information Center at www.Michigan.gov/vote is an invaluable resource for voters. On the website, voters can make sure they are registered to vote, find their polling location and view a sample ballot. The website is also smartphone-friendly. | <urn:uuid:bb780c90-cec5-4c6c-9ba8-2dc52b00e023> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://home.fm/event/election-day-across-michigan/?instance_id=%2Ffeed%2F | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718285.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00106-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962445 | 218 | 1.867188 | 2 |
For a few years now, pretty much every car company has quietly stopped including spare tires in new cars.
It's so prominent, the odds are your next car WON'T have a spare tire. And there are three main reasons why car companies are getting rid of them.
1. It's cheaper just to include a kit to patch the tire.
2. The weight from a spare tire hurts your gas mileage.
3. And our favorite reason of all: You probably don't know how to change a flat tire anyway, let's face it . . . so you don't really need a spare.
If you DO get a flat, you'd probably just call AAA or a towing company, get towed to a garage, and THEY'D put one on.
And the CAR OF THE FUTURE will either be self-driving, or flying . . . we're still waiting . . . so THAT won't have a spare tire either. Basically, your spare tire days are over. (Consumer Reports) | <urn:uuid:ab298e64-a810-4de0-aaa2-03f325390413> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://wjyy.nh1media.com/headlines/110841 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00384-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965948 | 211 | 1.671875 | 2 |
PRANGHOFER, SEBASTIAN (2011) Visual Representation and the Body in Early Modern Anatomy. Doctoral thesis, Durham University.
|PDF - Accepted Version|
Anatomy was crucial for the formation of modern cultural concepts of the body during the early modern period. In a process from the Renaissance to the turn of the nineteenth century, cosmological concepts of the body were secularized and gradually replaced by notions of the body as an object of modern medicine and science. This thesis argues that the visual representation of the anatomical body played a key role in this transformation. Until the end of the seventeenth century the iconography of anatomy legitimized the dissection of the body and portrayed the anatomist as an honourable, dignified and decent scholar. However, during the Enlightenment the moralizing visual language was gradually replaced by neo-classical aesthetics and art theory. Now technical skills and detailed knowledge became the defining features of the anatomist and the representations of the anatomical body.
This thesis uses a wide range of visual sources and analyzes them in the longue durée. The material includes illustrations from anatomical textbooks and their frontispieces, anatomical treatises and portraits of anatomists. These sources are discussed in their wider iconographic context as well as in relation to early modern concepts of the body and anatomical research. The first chapter discusses the general framework for the visual representation of the anatomical body, practice and authority, while the second chapter looks into how the visual representation of anatomy shaped the identity of the anatomist as the legitimate authority of the body. The other three chapters are case studies which use the examples of the rete mirabile, the lymphatic system and the unborn to analyze the different functions of anatomical images and how they were used to deal with uncertainty, establish new anatomical knowledge and reflected changing cultural meanings of the body.
|Item Type:||Thesis (Doctoral)|
|Award:||Doctor of Philosophy|
|Keywords:||History of Medicine; History of the Body; early modern anatomy; rete mirabile; lymphatic vessels; foetus; portraiture;|
|Faculty and Department:||Faculty of Social Sciences and Health > Medicine and Health, School of|
Faculty of Arts and Humanities > Philosophy, Department of
|Copyright:||Copyright of this thesis is held by the author|
|Deposited On:||03 Jun 2011 10:39| | <urn:uuid:2c4bde57-34cf-4191-987b-11ebfbfc821e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/834/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.915224 | 522 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Compatibility guides about Linux and
portable digital audio/music players manufactured by
Reports about running other Unix systems e.g. BSD, Solaris are welcome, too.
And don't miss the general resource section at the bottom, containing links
to utilities (mostly available under GPL), community efforts, HOWTOs and FAQs.
Have you written an installation or compatibility tutorial yourself? Then please feel free to
submit a new entry.
|GamePark GPX2-F100(http://www.linuxdevices.com/articles/AT9112527929.html) *)||Linux|
*) dedicated Linux players
JP2X(http://jp2x.thenesis.org/) project provides a complete and free Java environment for the GP2X.
FlowFlowMania(http://perso.orange.fr/bobsky/flowflowmania/index.shtml) is a remake of the classical puzzle game Pipe Mania on Linux with GP2X compliance.
Symbolica(http://sourceforge.net/projects/symbolica) is a remake of the C-64 game of the same name. It is targeted to the Linux-based handhelds gp2x and N800, with a Linux/386 binary also provided. It should compile under any operating system supported by SDL, SDL_image, and SDL_ttf. The symbols on the screen represent a numeric value in the order they are displayed on the right. As you move over a symbol, it decrements to the next lower symbol or disappears. Your job is to clear the screen and move to the 'E' symbol.
GMU GP2X Music Player(http://wejp.k.vu/projects/gmu/)
LCD Racer(http://wejp.k.vu/games/) is 80ties style game.
GMenu2X(http://gmenu2x.sourceforge.net/) is an alternative frontend for the GP2X. GMenu2X' main feature is the ability to create direct links to your games and applications so that you can directly launch them without having to browse through all the filesystem manually. Other features include: built-in selector for emulators, manuals and readmes integration, built-in overclocker, gamma and volume configuration, ram timings tweaker. GMenu2X is totally skinneable and there's no risk of bricking your gp2x by installing it.
This guide explains how to get started with GP2X development(http://wiki.gp2x.org/wiki/Getting_started_with_GP2X_development). | <urn:uuid:6782466b-c6fb-4f3a-9fff-ff3828c7978a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://tuxmobil.org/player_linux_survey_gamepark_txt.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721595.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00477-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.711168 | 550 | 1.609375 | 2 |
One of the primary functions of the Passport/Citizenship Unit is to provide information and guidance on citizenship questions. Below are some of the most common questions we get concerning American citizenship and passports.
Can I hold more than one passport or nationality?
Yes. In the 1980’s, the Supreme Court ruled that citizenship is a constitutional right that cannot be taken away from a citizen who does not intend to relinquish it. Therefore, such actions as naturalization in a foreign country, employment with a foreign government, and voting in a foreign election do not automatically jeopardize American citizenship.
How long is a passport valid for?
In general, children under the age of 16 are issued passports valid for five years; those 16 and over are issued passports valid for ten years.
How soon should I renew my passport before it expires?
You may renew your passport at any time before or after it expires.
I let my passport expire. What should I do now?
Please see our instructions for renewal. Always check your passport expiration date well before you plan to travel in order to prevent delaying your travel plans.
My passport has already expired. I do not wish to apply for a new one. Can my passport be extended?
No. If your passport was issued with full validity (i.e. ten years for adults and five years for children), you must apply for a new passport. If your passport was issued for less than five or ten years and the last page of your passport states that it is extendable, please email: firstname.lastname@example.org
Will I get my passport back when I renew it?
Yes. In most cases, your old passport will be cancelled and returned to you with the new one.
I am an American citizen, but also have a foreign passport. Can I use my foreign passport to travel to the United States?
No. Under U.S. law, U.S. citizens must be in possession of a valid U.S. passport to enter or leave the United States. This is true even if you hold a passport from another country. If your U.S. passport has been lost or stolen, or if it has expired, you must apply to replace it before traveling to the United States.
My passport is still valid, but its pages are fully stamped. Can I have extra pages added to it, or should I apply for a new passport?
No. Embassies no longer add pages to passports.
I travel frequently and my passport is always at some embassy to obtain a visa. Can I get a second passport?
Generally, citizens are allowed to carry only one valid passport at a time. In the situation described above, the issuance of a second, limited-validity passport is possible.Please speak with a consular officer.
I have visa stamps in my current passport. What happens to them when this passport is cancelled?
You should contact the appropriate foreign Embassy or Consulate for advice as to how to proceed.
My passport was issued in my maiden name; can I change it to my married name?
Yes, your passport may be amended to reflect your married name.
I was born in the United States while my parents were there temporarily as students. Do I have a claim to American citizenship?
Yes, almost anybody born in the United States is an American citizen regardless of the nationality or status of the parents. The only exceptions are children of foreign diplomats who have full diplomatic immunity. Anyone else can apply for an American passport by presenting an original birth certificate showing birth in the United States and adequate identity documents.
I am an American citizen. I recently had a child born in Tunisia. Does she have a claim to American citizenship?
Most likely. Whether an U.S. citizen can transmit citizenship to a child born overseas depends on several factors : whether both parents are American, whether the child is born in wedlock, when the child is born.
The most common case is a child born to married American and non-American parents. The U.S. citizen parent must have been physically present in the United States for five years prior to the birth of the child. In addition, two of those five years must be after reaching the age of fourteen. For children born before 1986, the U.S. citizen parent must have spent ten years in the United States, five of which after the age of fourteen. The five years must not necessarily be sequential.
If both parents are American, they need only show that one of them has resided in the United States (no time requirement).
An American citizen mother of a child born out wedlock needs to prove that she spent one continuous year in the United States.
An American citizen father of a child born out of wedlock must prove five years of residence in the U.S. and must have recognized the child and agreed to the child’s financial support.
My daughter has lived all her life in Tunisia and cannot transmit U.S. citizenship to her children. Is there any way they can become citizens through their grandparents?
Yes. When U.S. citizens cannot transmit citizenship to their children born overseas because they do not have the required physical presence in the United States, they have two options:
- They can apply for the expeditious naturalization of their children, if an American citizen grandparent has enough physical presence in the United States. This procedure must be initiated through the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service. The process can take up to 3 years and the child must go to the United States to be naturalized. The process must be completed before the child is eighteen.
- The U.S. citizen parent may file for an immigrant visa for the child. Under the Child Citizenship Act, once the child enters the U.S. on an immigrant visa, the child automatically becomes a U.S. citizen. The child must be under 18 and in the legal and physical custody of the U.S. citizen parent at the time of entry. Immigrant visas may be applied forthrough the Embassy in Tunis.
- We are Americans living in Tunisia. We just adopted a Vietnamese girl and she is living with us here. How do we get a U.S. passport for her?
The same process as described above applies to children adopted overseas by U.S. citizens. While adoption by a U.S. citizen parent does not automatically confer citizenship, it does qualify a child for expeditious naturalization, or citizenship upon entry to the U.S.
My son has dual Tunisian and U.S. citizenship. At what age must he choose the citizenship he wants to keep?
The laws governing the retention of citizenship have been greatly liberalized. No child has to do anything at any age to retain, choose, affirm, or confirm American citizenship. In the 1980’s, the Supreme Court ruled that citizenship is a Constitutional right which cannot be taken away from a citizen who does not intend to relinquish it.
If we don't plan to travel back to the United States any time soon, why should we renew our passports now?
- The passport is proof of U.S. citizenship. Every American abroad should have valid proof of their citizenship at all times.
- Life is unpredictable. You never know when you may need to travel suddenly. The last thing you need to do in an emergency is worry about getting your or your child’s passport renewed. It is much better to do it when it is convenient for you.
- A passport is required for many Tunisian administrative purposes and you do not want to get caught with an expired passport. | <urn:uuid:0688aa10-b738-4e4e-8535-8f5dc163ab60> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tn.usembassy.gov/u-s-citizen-services/passports/faqs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.958225 | 1,567 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Human Influenced Fact
Energy saved from one recycled aluminum can will operate a TV set for 3 hours, and is the equivalent to half a can of gasoline.
Glass produced from recycled glass instead of raw materials reduces related air pollution by 20%, and water pollution by 50%.
Americans use 50 million tons of paper annually - consuming more than 850 million trees.
By turning down your central heating thermostat one degree, fuel consumption is cut by as much as 10%.
Homeowners use up to 10 times more toxic chemicals per acre than farmers.
Insulating your attic reduces the amount of energy loss in most houses by up to 20%.
If just 25% of U.S. families used 10 fewer plastic bags a month, we would save over 2.5 billion bags a year.
On the average, the 140 million cars in America are estimated to travel almost 4 billion miles in a day, and according to the department of transportation, they use over 200 million gallons of gasoline doing it.
Every year we throw away 24 million tons of leaves and grass. Leaves alone account for 75% of our solid waste in the fall.
Over 100 pesticide ingredients are suspected to cause birth defects, cancer, and gene mutations.
Every ton of recycled office paper saves 380 gallons of oil.
About 1% of U.S. landfill space is full of disposable diapers, which take 500 years to decompose.
Enough glass was thrown away in 1990 to fill the Twin Towers (1,350 feet high) of new York's World Trade Center every two weeks.
One ton of carbon dioxide that is released in the air can be prevented by replacing every 75 watt light bulbs with energy efficient bulbs.
Many banks lent large sums of money to developing nations. In order to pay those debts plus interest many nations have turned to the mining of their natural resources as a source of financial aid.
The world's per capita grain production has been on the downfall since 1985 despite the use of fertilizers and pesticides.
Already a train system has been developed (back in 1987) which is based on magnetic levitation and causes minimal pollution. These versions of a train are already in use in several countries.
Fibre optics, made of glass, are being used to replace copper cables throughout the world.
The uncontrolled fishing that is allowed has reduced the amount of commercial species. Some species, up to one-tenth of their original population.
Every day 50 to 100 species of plants and animals become extinct as their habitat and human influences destroy them.
Every day 40,000 children die from preventable diseases.
The public transportation that we have is a wreck. The U.S. continues to promote and invest in private car travel rather than public transportation.
The human population of the world is expected to be nearly tripled by the year 2100.
A three percent annual growth rate will result in the doubling of consumption and production of food and other products in 25 short years. The amount of motor vehicles that are excepted to be operated will increase 15 million a year until at least 2010. | <urn:uuid:401d7746-9980-4e67-8f21-dcc51c20fbed> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.rdshayri.com/fact/amazing_stupid_gross_human_fact.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00488-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954876 | 627 | 3.125 | 3 |
In many ways, it was just another day of class. But as I sat there awaiting the final exam of my first graduate computer science course, Advanced Algorithm Analysis and Design, I wondered if my studies had prepared me to succeed at this level. Most of the students surrounding me were PhD students, and their experience in this subject was greater than mine. For a moment my mind flashed back to a time three years earlier. It was the day I told my wife that I wanted to go back to school, starting over in a new subject, to get a Masters degree in computer science. Then I plotted a course to make it happen.
Unlike the degree that I completed nine years earlier, there were no liberal arts or elective classes in my plan for this new degree; it was all math and computer science. I wasn’t sure how well I would fair since the last math class I had taken was when I was a junior in high school. But I moved forward with my plan and one by one, I received an “A” in all of the undergraduate math and computer science courses that led to me sitting in that classroom surrounded by fellow graduate students. Would this class end in the same manner?
Two weeks later, I was walking across the campus of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. I was starting my second summer internship with Sensorpedia, so I was heading to over to meet up with my mentor and lead developer of Sensorpedia, David Resseguie. After catching up on what we’d been up to the past several months, David told me that one of my first tasks of the summer was to write a blog post. He said to write about something I had learned this past school year. For those of you that don’t know David, that might sound a little silly… to just write about something that I learned. For those of you who do know David, you know that learning is very important to him. He knows that good ideas can come from a wide variety of sources, and a great way to facilitate that is to continue to learn new things.
For those of you still hanging on to my opening story about my Advanced Algorithms class, I can happily report that my 4.0 GPA in this subject remains intact. So the question was now before me: Of all the things I learned this past school year, what did I feel was worthy of writing about for this blog? A quick thought back revealed several possibilities. Should I write about the inner workings of the proof of Rice’s theorem from Theory of Computation class (which gives us the fact that only trivial properties of programs are algorithmically decidable)? Or should I write about the mangled NP complete proof for the Hamiltonian Cycle problem (where we transform an instance of Vertex Cover to an instance of Hamiltonian)? Perhaps the topic should be more programming related. I could write about the nights spend debugging my bipartite network flow program. Or just as easily I could tell of my experiences implementing Unix pipes. Which topic truly deserves the honor?
To answer this question, I will ask one of my own. Why do we ask our kids to clean their rooms? Is it to rid ourselves of the feeling the chaos? Sure. But isn’t another main reason that, as adults, we understand the importance of having the things we need access to accessible when we need them? We know that the investment of time to clean one’s room pays off. Now, how does this relate to my past semesters of math and computer science studies? As I reflected over these months of study, it dawned on me that the things that I truly learned were things that I had already learned before: the power of preparation, hard work, and in particular, organization. Of all the things that I’ve studied in this journey of my new degree, it is these simple, timeless qualities that I have again learned to be priceless. It’s true that I might not have the raw intelligence of some of my classmates. But I have found that I can make up that difference with these other qualities. I found that if I spent the time necessary to organize complex issues, I could perform at a high level. I found my investment of organization paid off.
Others also know the power of organization. When Bryan Gorman and David Resseguie started Sensorpedia, they knew the potential of organizing the world’s sensor data. Sensor data was somewhat available, but not organized. One type of sensor data was often times not compatible with other similar types of sensor data. There was one proprietary format after another. It was harder to have access to certain data when you needed it. Sensorpedia seeks to fix these problems. It seeks to organize complex issues and data sets, so that our users can perform high level tasks. How ironic is it that my lesson learned has been a core goal of Sensorpedia all along? | <urn:uuid:377e51a5-abbb-4d9a-9f84-6f69b3983ccc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.sensorpedia.com/blog/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00438-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977575 | 1,009 | 1.609375 | 2 |
School Library Month PSAs with spokesperson Jeff Kinney now available
For Immediate Release
CHICAGO – Two new video PSAs featuring Jeff Kinney, New York Times bestselling author of the Diary of a Wimpy Kid series, are now available from the American Association of School Librarians (AASL). Kinney is the national spokesperson for the 2014 observance of School Library Month, and in the PSAs he encourages viewers to “celebrate how our nation’s school libraries change lives.” The videos can be viewed at and downloaded from www.ala.org/aasl/slm/2014/psa.
School Library Month honors the essential role that strong school library programs play in a student's educational career, and the 2014 theme is “Lives Change @ your library.” In one of the 30 second videos PSAs, Kinney speaks to the role of the school librarian in technology instruction. In the second, he relates how students who have access to a school library program staffed by a certified school librarian achieve higher test scores.
When asked how a school library changed his life, Kinney said, “When I was a kid, I was blessed to have a great, well-stocked library at my elementary school in Fort Washington, Maryland. That's where I discovered hundreds of great authors, including Judy Blume. I tore through her catalog, but the book I re-read was ‘Tales of a Fourth Grade Nothing.’ Without Peter Hatcher, I'm not sure there would be a Greg Heffley. I'm very grateful to my school for placing such a value on books!”
Kinney’s "Diary of a Wimpy Kid" is the story of middle-school underdog Greg Heffley, who shares his life in a journal filled with cartoons and text. The first book in the series was released in April 2007 and was an instant bestseller, capturing the attention of reluctant readers, their parents and librarians everywhere. There are now eight books in the series, the most recent, “Hard Luck”, released on Nov. 5, 2013. It was the No. 1 bestselling book of 2013, adult or children’s.
Kinney’s participation as the 2014 School Library Month spokesperson is generously supported by Abrams. More information on the April celebration can be found on the AASL website at www.ala.org/aasl/slm.
The American Association of School Librarians, www.aasl.org, a division of the American Library Association (ALA), promotes the improvement and extension of library services in elementary and secondary schools as a means of strengthening the total education program. Its mission is to advocate excellence, facilitate change and develop leaders in the school library field. | <urn:uuid:f1127970-93f3-4a06-9e77-ef2b902d3d80> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.ala.org/news/press-releases/2014/04/school-library-month-psas-spokesperson-jeff-kinney-now-available | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721555.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00179-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953105 | 585 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Being rich in energy resources a blessing or a curse finds that an energy resource curse plagues many EU supplier states. This in turn directly affects Europes energy supply security and threatens to engulf Europe in unwanted hostilities at home and abroad. The study addresses seven issues including the evidence suggesting that a curse exists among Europes external energy suppliers, active programs to limit that risk, the significance of economic diversification, the applicability of dividend programs, the link between corruption and security of energy supplies, additional possible actions of the Union, and further threats posed by resource cursed countries. It establishes a definitive links between corruption and supply security, poor transparency, and inequality, and proves that a low level of economic diversification is a reliable indicator for the existence of the curse. It also finds that there are examples of excellence in recovering from and even converting the curse to a blessing. ... | <urn:uuid:6e21e1b7-f548-46bd-b0aa-8221422d334a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.econbiz.de/Record/being-rich-in-energy-resources-a-blessing-or-a-curse-schubert-samuel/10009637847 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00062-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.915283 | 173 | 1.601563 | 2 |
WHEN the 2011 Margaret River bushfires hit, concerned Pibelman Anthony Regan was surprised there were no advisory consultations with the local Indigenous community.
"Fire is one of the first tools the Indigenous people used," Mr Regan said.
Now, with the Bureau of Meteorology predicting a hotter-than-average summer for the region, Mr Regan believes fire management authorities could use traditional knowledge and techniques to reduce risks of another disaster.
One thing he was concerned about was a lack of clearing noticed in dead melaleuca wood in the River Mouth area, which could become a "fireball" in the hot wind.
"As Indigenous we would have used that wood in winter," he said.
"We can't do that anymore."
He also suggested a safety bunker needed to be placed in the area adjacent to Boranup Forest to provide shelter for local residents.
"If a fire starts there's not going to be enough time to get out," he said.
Mr Regan put his concerns to the community: "Have we really prepared ourselves?
"Especially now that the climate patterns are becoming more severe with extreme temperatures."
He suggested the Department of Parks and Wildlife invite an Indigenous advisory to join the department and assist with fire safety preparation in the region.
A Parks and Wildlife spokesperson said the department currently consults with the South West Aboriginal Land and Sea Council in developing annual burning programs, and with local traditional owners on specific issues related to a planned burn where Aboriginal cultural values may be affected.
Mr Regan believed these advisory consultations had not been adequate, though highly necessary.
Further collaboration is likely in the future, taking cues from communities in northern Western Australia, the Parks and Wildlife spokesperson said.
"In the north, Parks and Wildlife has active programs involving the conducting of prescribed burning by Aboriginal people," the spokesperson said.
"This is likely to be extended to the south of the state as engagement with Aboriginal people in management of the land in the department's care increases."
However, the spokesperson pointed out that some traditional fire techniques may not be the most effective option in the changing landscape.
"Understanding traditional use of fire by Aboriginal people has contributed to the policies and practices undertaken by the department, however the landscape has been modified significantly since Aboriginal people practiced fire application in the South West, and a wide range of values need to be considered in fire management in the current era," the spokesperson said.
Parks and Wildlife reported it has developed protocols for managing the Contos Campground in accordance with fire danger.
"As the fire danger increases a range of strategies may be implemented including closure of the site," the spokesperson said.
In reference to Boranup Forest, the department stated it manages parks and reserves and visitors to those areas by undertaking fuel reduction burning and providing education.
"On days when the fire danger is high, ground and aerial patrols and closures of roads, sites or parks may also be implemented," the spokesperson said.
The department has identified several burns in the Margaret River area for this season which will be undertaken subject to suitable weather and fuel moisture conditions. While reduction of fuels is a key strategy in fire management, this is supplemented by the availability of trained bushfire response personnel, modern fire equipment and active ground and aerial detection. In addition, a number of strategic firebreaks are in the process of being upgraded.
Parks and Wildlife has been working with the Shire of Augusta-Margaret River and the Department of Fire and Emergency Services in preparing for the fire season.
The community is reminded that restricted fire season has started and will run to December 21, after which a prohibited period will commence.
For information on burning permits, contact your area's fire control officer or view the 2014 Fuel Hazard Reduction and Firebreak Notice here.
It has been nearly three years since the Margaret River bushfire tragedy. See a gallery of photos here.
Sign up for our newsletter to stay up to date. | <urn:uuid:2d8fdd47-1514-44e4-9bf2-fe180a7489fe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.margaretrivermail.com.au/story/2689693/margaret-river-bushfires-why-werent-the-indigenous-people-asked-for-advice/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.962585 | 826 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Law enforcement agencies help educators prepare for crisis situations
NASHVILLE, Tenn. (WSMV) - Law enforcement officials across Middle Tennessee and Southern Kentucky helped educators prepare for the school year by training them for crisis incidents and active shooter situations.
Many law enforcement agencies across the country have begun to train teachers and staff on what to do during crisis incidents and active shooter situations following the high number of recent mass shootings.
In Stewart County, deputies and School Resource Officers participated in active shooter training at Middle and Dover Elementary Schools. In addition, the Special Response Team trains monthly and often in one of the four county schools to prepare for situations they hope will never occur.
Stewart County sheriff’s deputies also traveled to Trigg County for two days of training on active shooter response. There were also three principals and an assistant principal from Stewart County Schools that participated in the training.
Law enforcement members with the Christian County Sheriff’s Office also helped school resource officers prepare for the safety of the children and staff at local schools this past week. In addition, Pembroke Police Department helped run through scenarios in the event of an active shooter situation.
Copyright 2022 WSMV. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:94aa8ba3-79b0-48a8-ac4d-e47c546bb14a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wsmv.com/2022/08/01/law-enforcement-agencies-help-educators-prepare-crisis-situations/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.955619 | 245 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Manila port – one of the busiest in the world
The Republic of the Philippines, more commonly referred to as the Philippines is located in Southeast Asia, at 1,210 km from the coast of mainland Asia. The country consist of 7,107 islands, of which only about 10% are inhabited. Philippine population is nearly 90 million. The capital is Manila, with a population over 11 million people which makes it one of the 20 largest metropolitan areas in the world.
The economy of the Philippines is still primarily agricultural, although light industry is growing. Philippines are 118th out of 178 countries in terms of GDP. Once the richest in Asia after Japan, the Philippine economy shrank in the early 1980s as a result of reduced demand for Philippine products. Attempts to improve the economy have been hampered by the large national debt of 77% of GDP. Interesting what would Greeks and Cypriots say to this. Philippines is a member of the Asian Development Bank, World Bank, International Monetary Fund and other international economic organizations. Major trading partners of the Philippines are the United States and Japan.
Bulgarian forwarding company KG SID Ltd. offers a variety of freight and logistics services related to the transportation of loads to and from the Philippines:
Air transport: We provide air cargo transportation from the airport Sofia as well as in specific cases from other airports in the European Union with the aim of offering cost-effective transportation at reasonable transit time.
LCL transportation: We offer service from Port of Varna as well as from the port of Antwerp. However, movement via port Varna is more cost effective with relatively the same tranzit time as the ocean movement via Antwerp.
In the port of Varna-West cargoes are consolidated and stuffed o a container which sails to the port of Singapore from where the goods are transhipped to Manila and Cebu ports. Container from Varna-West departs every 2 weeks and the transit time to Manila is about 40-41 days (includes transhipment time in Singapore) and to Cebu is 41-42 days.
For movement via Antwerp cargo is consolidated into CFS warehouse in Sofia, where every Friday a groupage truck departs for the Antwerp port where the loads are processed for final destination – CFS in Manila and CFS in Cebu.
Transit time from departure of trucks from Sofia to the arrival at CFS in Manila is approximately 45-47 days, and to CFS Cebu approximately 51-52 days.
Ocean transportation export of full container loads: We offer services with various carriers via ports of Varna, Burgas and Thessaloniki, depending on your requirements for transit time and related transportation cost.
If you have any requests for air export, sea freight LCL or transport of full containers – FCL, please contact Bulgarian logistics and freight forwarding company KG CARGO.
Air Cargo: With the assistance of our partners from PFI Agents Network and Five Stars Network we offer airfreight transportation from Philippines via Manila airport to Bulgaria. Whether on a direct service to Sofia Airport or via some of the big European Airports, we can provide not only the air transportation but also such value added services like customs clearance and delivery do door.
LCL (Low Than a Container Load) – You can contact us direct for a quote on inbound LCL cargoes from Manila and Cebu to Varna. With excellent connections with leading NVOCC we can book your cargo from door to door with full transparency of cost and no hidden charges.
We offer services from CFS Manila and CFS Cebu via Hong Kong and via Singapore to Varna. Transit time in Hong Kong is about 41 days, and from Cebu about 42 days.
Ocean transportation of full containers – We offer services with various carriers via ports of Varna, Burgas and Thessaloniki, depending on your requirements for transit time and related transportation cost. You can contact us direct for inbound cargoes of full containers from the Philippines.
If you have any transportation requests or require a quote for importing freight – via air freight, LCL sea freight or ocean transportation of full containers from Philippines to Bulgaria or even near countries like Macedonia please contact Bulgarian logistics and freight forwarding company KG CARGO LTD.
For more information on KG CARGO freight forwarding service please contact us. | <urn:uuid:4415ea0f-d3dc-4033-88d4-a98487f2180c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://kgsid.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00241-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94042 | 906 | 1.796875 | 2 |
(BIVN) – Hawaiian Electric says its renewable portfolio standard on Hawaiʻi island is up nearly 10 percent this year, as the company says it has more than tripled clean energy in 10 years.
Hawaiʻi island hit 43.4 percent, compared to 34.7 percent in 2019, the utility reported on Monday. “The gradual return of Puna Geothermal Venture, which came back online in November, will play a larger role in 2021,” a Hawaiian Electric news release stated. “PGV shut down in May 2018 due to the Kīlauea eruption.”
Hawaiian Electric says it has hit nearly 35% renewable energy, exceeding the state mandate. The change is “driven by higher solar energy and wind production and lower consumer demand”, the company says.
From the company media release:
The 34.5 percent is the consolidated RPS for Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi Island and Maui County, up from 28.4 percent in 2019. Hawaiian Electric exceeded the state requirement to reach 30 percent by 2020 and has more than tripled the amount of renewable energy on its electric grids in 10 years, up from just under 10 percent in 2010.
Even if electricity use had been the same as in 2019, Hawaiian Electric would have still reached a renewable portfolio standard of 32 percent.
“Exceeding the state renewable energy mandate underscores Hawaiian Electric’s commitment to replace imported fossil fuels at a pace that keeps us on the path to be carbon neutral by 2045,” said Scott Seu, president and CEO of Hawaiian Electric. “Despite the challenges of the pandemic, we pressed forward alongside our community, government and renewable energy development partners and our customers.”
The increase was due to increased production from private rooftop solar, with nearly 6,000 new systems coming online in 2020, the power company says. There are 87,848 systems and 3.7 million solar panels, including rooftop and grid-scale facilities, producing electricity on the five island grids, according to Hawaiian Electric.
There was also lower electricity use due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The next RPS milestone required by state law is to reach 40 percent by 2030, Hawaiian Electric says. | <urn:uuid:fb2b27f9-a38c-41d5-ab10-b8244df9470c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bigislandvideonews.com/2021/02/16/hawaii-island-at-43-4-percent-renewable-energy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.952362 | 468 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Science meets Sentinel-3
With the first of the Sentinel satellites being readied for launch next spring, scientists are looking ahead to the third mission in the series to ensure the highest quality data possible.
The main objectives of the Sentinel-3 mission are to measure sea-surface topography, sea- and land-surface temperature and ocean- and land-surface colour.
To achieve this, the satellites will carry a suite of advanced instruments, including a precision radar altimeter, an infrared radiometer and a wide-swath ocean and land-colour radiometer.
This information will be used to support Copernicus services related to the marine environment, such as ocean current forecasting, sea-water pollution monitoring and wave information for maritime safety. The data will also be used for Copernicus land services, such as fire detection and land-cover mapping.
Sentinel-3 data are essential to our understanding of our planet, as well as the interaction between the ocean/land surface and the atmosphere, increasing our knowledge of the evolution of Earth’s climate.
Last week, the first Sentinel-3 Validation Team workshop was held at ESA’s centre for Earth observation in Frascati, Italy.
The team is taking up the challenge of validating Sentinel-3 data, to verify their performance once the mission is in orbit. The accuracy of this information is essential to Copernicus services and their underpinning scientific community.
Validation activities are currently led by over 100 Principal Investigators, with an additional 400 co-investigators, from across Europe and the world.
In 2009, a validation campaign using airborne instruments was conducted over parts of southern Europe. The project called for scientists on the ground and at sea to take ground-truth measurements while aircraft carrying the sensitive hyperspectral instruments passed overhead and satellites acquired data simultaneously from space.
With about 150 participants, the workshop demonstrated the high interest of both the scientific and user communities in the topics of validation, sea- and land-surface temperature, ocean colour, vegetation monitoring and oceanography. The range of activities planned during the verification and validation campaign of Sentinel-3 is technically extensive, with a strong international component.
The four-day event was organised in partnership with Eumetsat, which will operate the satellites and generate all marine data products.
While the workshop was a significant step in the mission’s validation programme, the team now faces the challenge of securing a long-term reference measurement infrastructure required to validate all Sentinel missions during operations.
ESA is developing the Sentinels missions to meet the needs of Europe’s Copernicus programme.
Data from the Sentinel missions will be available for Copernicus services and to the scientific community for research. The European Delegated Act on Copernicus data and information policy recently entered into force, guaranteeing free and open access to environmental data from the whole Copernicus programme, including the Sentinels. | <urn:uuid:13a9a009-ecd8-4bac-9fd1-9b50a134a1d7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Science_meets_Sentinel-3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00439-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.916564 | 599 | 2.9375 | 3 |
by Susan Thomas
Akasha, a bob-tail 10 1/2 year old calico cat was recently reunited with her happy owner, Mike Leahy, at the Mobile SPCA office following a journey that took her from Biloxi, to Hattiesburg, and finally to Mobile.
Leahy decided to ride out Hurricane Katrina in his Biloxi Back Bay home with his eight cats. His house flooded, but was spared major damage. Following the storm he went to his mother’s nearby home to make repairs. When he returned to his own home, he found the doors open. He initially feared the house had been looted.
On closer inspection he found that Humane Society volunteers had searched the house, thinking that no one was staying there, and had found one of the eight cats, Akasha. They had left a note explaining that the cat was being taken to a staging center for rescued pets in Hattiesburg, Mississippi.
Leahy is not sure why the volunteers only took Akasha, but he thinks that the other seven cats probably ran and hid from the strangers, leaving only Akasha out in full view. Leahy traveled to Hattiesburg, hoping to retrieve his cat, only to find that she had already been relocated to Mobile. Akasha was one of several cats coming into the Mobile SPCA from the Mississippi area in the initial weeks after the storm.
On October 11th, after almost a month of separation, Leahy arrived in Mobile to claim his cat, after making several telephone calls and describing her to volunteers. A unique black spot on the side of Akasha’s mouth helped him to identify her. Leahy was pleased with the treatment Akasha had received from the SPCA. “She looks fantastic; I think she actually gained some weight,” he said, as Akasha explored the SPCA office. He and Akasha then left to return home to their seven housemates. | <urn:uuid:2ec4ca95-d0d1-4baa-8297-5926e834568b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mobilespca.org/biloxi-man-reunited-with-cat-at-mobile-spca/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.991671 | 401 | 1.5625 | 2 |
7 Mar 2010
Luc De Nil, Ph.D., Associate Professor and Chair of the Department of Speech-Language Pathology at the University of Toronto, joins Peter Reitzes to discuss brain imaging research, stuttering and much more. Visit Dr. De Nil’s Speech Fluency Laboratory to learn more about his research and publications.
During this episode Dr. De Nil is asked about his behavioural and neuroimaging research pertaining to stuttering and fluency, the possibility that speech therapy is “rewiring” the brain, if stuttering events can occur as a result of learned behavior without a corresponding neurological event, recovery and stuttering, if stuttering is the result of a faulty speech monitoring system, stuttering when you are alone, the future of neuroimaging research and much more.
Thanks to Dr. Tom Weidig at the Stuttering Brain Blog for providing some excellent questions to ask Dr. De Nil. | <urn:uuid:d12e1d48-8ab7-4f16-9ed8-a4ecfdb8b777> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stuttertalk.com/tag/luc-de-nil/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.936982 | 191 | 1.9375 | 2 |
verb. become bubbly or frothy or foaming.
1. Verb, non-3rd person singular present Let the items effervesce for about five minutes, remove and dry them with a dry, soft cloth. 2. Verb, base form If the coral is real, the spot will effervesce and form tiny bubbles on its surface. 3. Noun, singular or mass Raising the water level to meet the outflow will eliminate this effervesce. | <urn:uuid:8fd8fcb1-53c7-4acc-9a8a-aa5e90e46ced> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.synonym.com/synonyms/effervesce | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.916875 | 97 | 2.0625 | 2 |
OpenSSL leaks server-Keys / The Heartbleed Bug
nginx-forum at nginx.us
Mon Apr 14 19:03:54 UTC 2014
Fyi. if you are running a ssl tunnel like stunnel with openssl 0.9.x, this
attack is logged as "SSL3_GET_RECORD:wrong version number" as opposed to no
If you have logging going back 2 years and you are seeing these log entries
now, you may be able to detect attacks from before 7-4-2014.
Here we have many stunnels with openssl 0.9.x and found the first attacks
at: 2014.04.08 22:19:14 (CET) in more then 2 years of logging.
Posted at Nginx Forum: http://forum.nginx.org/read.php?2,249102,249288#msg-249288
More information about the nginx | <urn:uuid:197c38e9-9a60-4233-9a79-fdacb44f4de3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://mailman.nginx.org/pipermail/nginx/2014-April/043148.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00328-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.801302 | 198 | 1.765625 | 2 |
AN exhibition of paintings and calligraphy - Collectors' Choice: the Genius of Shi Lu - on loan from private collections from around the world is on show at the Cat Street Galleries, Sheung Wan. Born into affluence and privilege in 1919, Shi renounced his heritage and fervently embraced the Communist cause. But his unorthodox style was castigated as ''crude, weird, undisciplined and black'' and during the Cultural Revolution he was so severely ''criticised'' he became schizophrenic. Now his work has been re-assessed, and he is recognised as one of the masters of 20th-century Chinese art. There is no doubt about the authenticity of any of the pieces on show, but - caveat emptor (let the buyer beware) - there now exists a thriving trade in fake Shi works, because his calligraphy is so idiosyncratic that even experts have been fooled. The show runs until May 31. SOTHEBY'S spring sale at the Hotel Furama from May 3-5 will include an exceptionally strong representation of Chinese art, as well as an inaugural sale of postage stamps. Among the highlights will be the auction of 35 Chinese lacquer items belonging to Edward Chow, the fabled collector or Chinese porcelain. They include a circular cinnabar box of the Yongle period with an estimated value of $1.2 million, and a massive Qing dynasty screen. Elaborately carved, lacquered and encrusted with jade, ivory and cloisonne, it too is expected to fetch up to $1.2 million. The star of the show however will probably be the only complete set of 12 blue and white ''month cups'' to appear at Sotheby's. Dating from the Kangxi period of the Qing dynasty (1662-1722) each tiny cup is decorated with a flower and poem appropriate to each month. The sale price is expected to reach $2.5 million. Previews from April 29. DESIGNED as a tribute to one of the most distinguished interpreters of Buddhism through art, The Dharma World of Kwok Hon Sum, illustrates the freshness and vitality of his work. The works, on display at the Pao Galleries in the Arts Centre from tomorrow until May 2, have been borrowed from collectors in the United States, Europe and Asia. To complement the exhibition art historian Catherine Maudsley will present three illustrated talks to show how Buddhist beliefs, symbols and traditions are conveyed through artistic works. The lectures are free and will take place at the same venue on Wednesday and Friday at 6.30pm, and on Saturday at 2.30pm. CHRISTIAN Ecker, the young Austrian artist is staging his first solo exhibition in Hong Kong at Gallery 7, in Glenealy, from May 3 to May 14. Signs of the Times includes colourful, uplifting works from his native Salzburg, and darker landscapes - from a six-month tour of Latin America - depicting the encroachment of urban development on farmland. INNOVATIVE, but careful, experimentation is the hallmark of Do Do Jin Ming's striking exhibition at the Pao Sui Loong Galleries in the Arts Centre, from May 3-12. Behind My Eyes, includes photographic impressions from Europe that have been transformed into cathartic and thought-provoking juxtapositions by the use of toning and overlapping formats. | <urn:uuid:26253690-59a3-4ebe-a93c-95748a542665> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.scmp.com/article/71760/shis-one | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.962853 | 693 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Question: what do biotech corporations, national milk processors, and the Ohio state government have in common? Answer: defeat!
Such biotech powerhouses as Monsanto and Eli Lilly are the profiteers behind an artificial growth hormone that induces dairy cows to produce more milk. This stuff is not good for the cows, and it produces nutritionally inferior milk. It also horrifies consumers — who tend to get a bit testy at the thought of having what is actually a sex hormone added to the milk their children drink.
However, big milk marketers like the idea of squeezing out more milk per cow, for it fattens their bottom lines. The only problem is that little matter of consumer rejection. But the biotechers and marketers fixed that by getting federal regulators to declare that adulterated milk need not be labeled as such. In short, the industry, the government, and even the cows know about the sex hormones, but consumers are kept in the dark.
Nonetheless, many organic and smaller dairy businesses have had the audacity to label their products as “hormone-free,” and consumers have rushed to them. This spurred the hormone hucksters into a cross-country lobbying frenzy, demanding that various state governments ban hormone-free labels.
Ohio swallowed this corporate line, outlawing labels that tell consumers what’s not in their milk. Now, however, in a case brought by the Organic Trade Association, the U.S. Court of Appeals has ruled that such bans are not only ridiculous, but unconstitutional, violating the free speech rights of dairy producers who want to be straight with consumers.
The court’s decision is a major defeat for the 15-year effort by the corporate powers to hide their perfidy from milk buyers. To learn more, contact the Organic Trade Association: www.ota.com.
more information on Jim Hightower’s work — and to subscribe to his
award-winning monthly newsletter, The Hightower Lowdown — visit | <urn:uuid:c0cd2e2f-1a65-41af-8026-525d5d320ec2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.boulderweekly.com/opinion/the-highroad/a-victory-for-truth-in-labeling/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00568-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953404 | 411 | 2.140625 | 2 |
What Is Covariance?
Covariance measures the directional relationship between the returns on two assets. A positive covariance means that asset returns move together while a negative covariance means they move inversely.
Covariance is calculated by analyzing at-return surprises (standard deviations from the expected return) or by multiplying the correlation between the two random variables by the standard deviation of each variable.
- Covariance is a statistical tool that is used to determine the relationship between the movements of two random variables.
- When two stocks tend to move together, they are seen as having a positive covariance; when they move inversely, the covariance is negative.
- Covariance is different from the correlation coefficient, a measure of the strength of a correlative relationship.
- Covariance is a significant tool in modern portfolio theory used to ascertain what securities to put in a portfolio.
- Risk and volatility can be reduced in a portfolio by pairing assets that have a negative covariance.
Covariance evaluates how the mean values of two random variables move together. If stock A's return moves higher whenever stock B's return moves higher and the same relationship is found when each stock's return decreases, then these stocks are said to have positive covariance. In finance, covariances are calculated to help diversify security holdings.
Formula for Covariance
When an analyst has a set of data, a pair of x and y values, covariance can be calculated using five variables drawn from the data being analyzed.
- xi = a given x value in the data set
- xm = the mean, or average, of the x values
- yi = the y value in the data set that corresponds with xi
- ym = the mean, or average, of the y values
Covariances have significant applications in finance and modern portfolio theory. For example, in the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), which is used to calculate the expected return of an asset, the covariance between a security and the market is used in the formula for one of the model's key variables, beta. In the CAPM, beta measures the volatility, or systematic risk, of a security in comparison to the market as a whole; it's a practical measure that draws from the covariance to gauge an investor's risk exposure specific to one security.
Meanwhile, portfolio theory uses covariances to statistically reduce the overall risk of a portfolio by protecting against volatility through covariance-informed diversification.
Possessing financial assets with returns that have similar covariances does not provide very much diversification; therefore, a diversified portfolio would likely contain a mix of financial assets that have varying covariances.
Types of Covariance
The covariance equation is used to determine the direction of the relationship between two variables–in other words, whether they tend to move in the same or opposite directions. This relationship is determined by the sign (positive or negative) of the covariance value.
A positive covariance between two variables indicates that these variables tend to be higher or lower at the same time. In other words, a positive covariance between variables x and y indicates that x is higher than average at the same times that y is higher than average, and vice versa. When charted on a two-dimensional graph, the data points will tend to slope upwards.
When the calculated covariance is less than zero, this indicates that the two variables have an inverse relationship. In other words, an x value that is lower than average tends to be paired with a y that is greater than average, and vice versa.
Covariance vs. Variance
Covariance is related to variance, a statistical measure for the spread of points in a data set. Both variance and covariance measure how data points are distributed around a calculated mean. However, variance measures the spread of data along a single axis, while covariance examines the directional relationship between two variables.
In a financial context, covariance is used to examine how different investments perform in relation to one another. A positive covariance indicates that two assets tend to perform well at the same time, while a negative covariance indicates that they tend to move in opposite directions. Most investors seek assets with a negative covariance in order to diversify their holdings.
Covariance vs. Correlation
Covariance is also distinct from correlation, another statistical metric often used to measure the relationship between two variables. While covariance measures the direction of a relationship between two variables, correlation measures the strength of that relationship. This is usually expressed through a correlation coefficient, which can range from -1 to +1.
While the covariance does measure the directional relationship between two assets, it does not show the strength of the relationship between the two assets; the coefficient of correlation is a more appropriate indicator of this strength.
A correlation is considered to be strong if the correlation coefficient has a value that is close to +1 (positive correlation) or -1 (negative correlation). A coefficient that is close to zero indicates that there is only a weak relationship between the two variables.
Example of Covariance Calculation
Assume an analyst in a company has a five-quarter data set that shows quarterly gross domestic product (GDP) growth in percentages (x) and a company's new product line growth in percentages (y). The data set may look like:
- Q1: x = 2, y = 10
- Q2: x = 3, y = 14
- Q3: x = 2.7, y = 12
- Q4: x = 3.2, y = 15
- Q5: x = 4.1, y = 20
The average x value equals 3, and the average y value equals 14.2. To calculate the covariance, the sum of the products of the xi values minus the average x value, multiplied by the yi values minus the average y values would be divided by (n-1), as follows:
Cov(x,y) = ((2 - 3) x (10 - 14.2) + (3 - 3) x (14 - 14.2) + ... (4.1 - 3) x (20 - 14.2)) / 4 = (4.2 + 0 + 0.66 + 0.16 + 6.38) / 4 = 2.85
Having calculated a positive covariance here, the analyst can say that the growth of the company's new product line has a positive relationship with quarterly GDP growth.
The Bottom Line
Covariance is an important statistical metric for comparing the relationships between multiple variables. In investing, covariance is used to identify assets that can help diversify a portfolio.
What Is Covariance vs. Variance?
Covariance and variance are both used to measure the distribution of points in a data set. However, variance is typically used in data sets with only one variable, and indicates how closely those data points are clustered around the average. Covariance measures the direction of the relationship between two variables. A positive covariance means that both variables tend to be high or low at the same time. A negative covariance means that when one variable is high, the other tends to be low.
What Is the Difference Between Covariance and Correlation?
Covariance measures the direction of a relationship between two variables, while correlation measures the strength of that relationship. Both correlation and covariance are positive when the variables move in the same direction, and negative when they move in opposite directions. However, a correlation coefficient must always be between -1 and +1, with the extreme values indicating a strong relationship.
How Is a Covariance Calculated?
For a set of n data points with two variables x and y, the covariance is measured by taking the difference between each x and y variable and their respective means. These differences are then multiplied together, and averaged across all of the data points. In mathematical notation, this is expressed as:
What Does a Covariance of 0 Mean?
A covariance of zero indicates that there is no clear directional relationship between the variables being measured. In other words, a high x value is equally likely to be paired with a high or low value for y. | <urn:uuid:cd8192bc-3795-4f65-a05f-00eccecd296c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.inkubusmovie.com/terms/c/covariance.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.925772 | 1,752 | 3.84375 | 4 |
Why so wet?
After years of drought, many parts of eastern Australia are, or have been, under water. So what's caused the floods?
Stewart Franks, a hydrologist, suggests that the best science actually implicates a naturally occurring form of climate variation, and in fact some scientists predicted the recent big wet years ago.
Paul Comrie-Thomson: First, let's see if we can shed some light on why the east of Australia has been so wet.
Michael Duffy: The recent tragic floods around eastern Australia have raised the question of what their cause might be. Bob Brown famously or notoriously said that maybe the coal mine should be paying for it because it's associated with global warming, and that's an association that has been alleged at least by many people, including many academics. But what's the reasoning there? We thought we'd talk to Stewart Franks, he's an associate professor of environmental engineering at the University of Newcastle, and he's also been researching and writing about the relationship between climate and floods for quite some time. Stewart Franks, welcome to the program.
Stewart Franks: G'day Michael, thanks for having me on.
Michael Duffy: Can you tell us a bit about your particular area of expertise?
Stewart Franks: Yes, I'm primarily a hydrologist, but I study what we call hydro-climatology, and that really is the hydrological impacts of climate variability. So often maybe the Bureau or CSIRO might talk about the rainfall, but we'll actually take that and turn it into perhaps more useful variables, so things like soil moisture, flood and drought.
Michael Duffy: Of course the interesting fact here which is often forgotten when talking about climate change is that the weather has varied enormously over even the last 200 years, and your research in particular has talked about the way weather is strongly influenced by something called ENSO. Can you tell us about that?
Stewart Franks: Yes, ENSO stands for the El Nino Southern Oscillation. It's probably the most well-known mode of natural climate variability. Basically an association between the changes in pressure between Tahiti and Darwin was noted probably about 90 years ago and that it had an impact on the monsoon and how it behaved. At the same time, native South Americans occasionally had years where the anchovy catch would be wonderfully bountiful, largely because of warmer waters off their shores, and because it occurred at Christmas time they named it after the Christ child which in Spanish is 'El Nino'.
It was only in the 1950s that oceanographers put these two phenomena together and we have now what we call El Nino Southern Oscillation. In its simplest form, some years we have a warm pool of water in the eastern equatorial Pacific, and that affects circulation patterns on a global basis really, but nowhere more so than in Australia. And the warm El Nino gives us drought, whereas the opposite can occur, we get a cold patch of water and, again, shifting the circulation patterns, that brings more monsoonal rain over eastern Australia and it gives us a very high flood risk.
Michael Duffy: So is this variation in pressure that you talked about, pressure in the air, due to this change in the temperature of the sea?
Stewart Franks: Yes, that's right, it's actually created by the interaction between the ocean and the atmosphere, and so, as I say, 90 years ago we were using the atmospheric pressure to measure it. The sea surface temperatures off the eastern equatorial Pacific are actually used now as a more reliable predictor. But basically the way it works is if we see an event starting, if we see an event initiating, typically around May or June, it reaches a certain point of no return and that then gives us apparent predictability, peaks around December, typically fades anywhere between February, March and April. So it gives us the ability to predict the summer season in eastern Australia.
Michael Duffy: Just going back to the beginning, do we know what it is that causes the warmth in the ocean?
Stewart Franks: We actually have I think quite simplified ideas. We can't actually predict El Ninos and La Ninas, as I say. We know it's an interaction between the ocean and the atmosphere but there is an awful lot of detail and of course something called chaos which renders predictions a little bit difficult. In fact we can't actually predict it, all we can do is observe them when they initiate, and when they reach a certain point of no return, as I say, that gives us an apparent predictability into the summer season.
Michael Duffy: Some people, including some scientists in recent weeks, have talked about the ocean warming as a cause of the floods or an indirect one and said that that warming of the oceans is due to climate change. Is that correct, or has it been occurring much longer than modern industry?
Stewart Franks: They were quite ridiculous claims. Bob Brown, as you say, he suggested coal mines should pay for the damage caused by the floods because they caused the floods. Now, obviously one can perhaps forgive that in a politician, an environmental politician, but when we have leading scientists, leading Australian scientists, some of whom are involved in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, when they are speculating that somehow CO₂ is responsible, they actually do so in ignorance of the history of Australian floods and droughts.
Michael Duffy: Just getting back once again to those warming oceans, you said we're not really sure what causes it, are we sure that they haven't been caused by climate change?
Stewart Franks: What happens in a typical La Nina is we get that cold pond of water in the eastern equatorial Pacific that actually pushes warmer water to the north of Australia. So again, the observation of warmer than average waters in the north of Australia during a La Nina is not unique, it's not unique at all. Those waters on and off have been warm for a very long time. If they cause devastating floods, why is it only now we are seeing it? As I say, it is pure speculation, opportunistic speculation, to say that somehow those warm waters in the north of Australia caused these floods when we know what caused these floods, it's a natural La Nina event and a particularly strong and devastating one.
Michael Duffy: So we talked a little bit about this sequence of events, and what effect does that end up having on Australia, floods, bushfires, what do we see? To put it another way, how big an influence is it on Australia's weather?
Stewart Franks: In terms of eastern Australia, certainly in Queensland and northern New South Wales it is the primary mode of variability. In Brisbane and northern New South Wales we get the bulk of our rainfall in summer and it's El Nino and La Nina events that are the primary cause of whether we have a dry summer or a wet summer.
Michael Duffy: What about the frequency and regularity of the sorts of effects you've been talking about over time? Are there any patterns, any cycles?
Stewart Franks: This issue has really been the focus of my research since I arrived in Australia 13 years ago. I work with engineers, and when engineers calculate flood risk they do so purely in a statistical sense. So for instance if you've got 100 years of flood data, then your biggest flood is your 100-year flood. What we saw immediately when we started looking at the historic data in eastern Australia is that flood risk is not static. We do not have the same risk from one year to the next. Obviously we have very high flood risk in La Ninas and very low flood risk in El Ninos, but what we also saw is that El Ninos and La Ninas tend to cluster into what we refer to as multi-decadal epochs or periods, and that's basically 20 to 40 year periods where El Nino may be dominant and stronger than normal and we get devastating droughts that go on more or less on and off, so that 20 to 40 year period, only then to be replaced by a high frequency of La Nina events, again, enhanced strong La Nina events and it leads to a marked increase in flood risk.
The best example I can give you in the 20th century is from about 1910 until the mid-1940s we were dominated by El Ninos and eastern Australia was dominated by drought. We then had 30 years from the mid-1940s until the mid-1970s where we had La Ninas more or less every other year and they were much stronger than normal La Ninas as well. These were responsible for floods up and down eastern Australia, in 1951, 1955 Maitland floods, culminating in the 1974 flooding through Queensland and Brisbane. We have then had, since 1975, a return to El Nino dominance, droughts devastating the land, culminating in the Murray Darling Basin ten-year drought. Since then we've had a couple of La Ninas, they don't usually come that frequently, and they have been powerful. So that to my mind indicates that we need to take the possibility of a return to a flood dominated, La Nina dominated couple of decades to come.
Michael Duffy: That's very interesting, and apart from those floods, which we don't want, does it suggest we might also be seeing a lot more rain which may not be such a bad thing?
Stewart Franks: Well, that's right. I think if we just think climate is static than we are always...and also if we are being told that carbon dioxide is what drives climate than I think we are going to be making the wrong decisions. When a lot of the infrastructure and a lot of the farming activities in the Murray Darling Basin came in, it was in that wet period when the water was there to sustain it. We've now had 30 years of drought, so now we are going to start looking at how we can better manage that.
Michael Duffy: That's interesting, does it mean that land which, based on the evidence of the last 10 or even 20 years may seem marginal, may come back and be viable for the next 10 or 20 years?
Stewart Franks: That's a very real possibility, and the pros and cons with all of that...obviously salinity is a major issue in the Murray Darling Basin. That salinity would get mobilised if the catchment got wet again. There are pros and cons with all of this, but the key thing is that I don't think we've been taking natural climate variability seriously in Australia. This continent has the most extreme variability of any on Earth, and yet I think we've been distracted in our discussions about carbon dioxide. Obviously it's an important discussion to have but if the only policy or public discussion is about ETS or tax or direct action, we're actually missing out the fact that we can't cope with natural climate variability as things stand and we haven't been having that dialogue because the dialogue has all been about carbon dioxide.
Michael Duffy: Using the knowledge that you've just given us a very brief outline of, was it possible to predict the sort of weather we've seen lately?
Stewart Franks: I actually don't think in a true sense you can really predict anything about climate. But that said, we have had 30 years of El Nino dominance, we look at the history and we see these multi-decadal periods alternating, so when we have a La Nina predicted, as we did, as the bureau did for the last six months, we should have at least anticipated that we could have had a return to the devastating flooding that we've seen throughout the history of Australia. It seems to have taken everybody by surprise, but when one looks at the history, we should have had that expectation that this would happen at some point. So that's not a prediction as such, but we should have had that anticipation and that foresight.
Michael Duffy: Is it the case that about two years ago you actually wrote somewhere that you thought we could be in for some more rain?
Stewart Franks: We've been basically talking about that since probably about 2001, and obviously it's hard to talk about floods when you're in the middle of a drought that this was exactly the point we were making, that we do have this alternating flood and drought dominating regimes that dictate our climate on 10, 20, 30-year periods. So if you've had 30 years of drought, then it is not unreasonable to expect that at some point soon we would change back to a La Nina dominated and flood dominated climate in the east coast.
Michael Duffy: You've said that this is the way we ought to be looking at the weather and we shouldn't be distracted by other things and I accept that. But having said that, what role, if any, do you think current thinking about climate change should play? For example, the Climate Institute has said that the recent floods are entirely consistent with the predictions of scientists, and the implication there is that they fit in with the global warming theory. Does global warming really affect our weather at all, at least in comparison with the forces you've been describing?
Stewart Franks: For sure there will be some role there for carbon dioxide. The real question is whether it is significant or not, and in addressing the issue of scientists' predictions, if you predicted the future is going to be more droughts with more floods, well, you'll find your predictions are right. It's like betting on every horse in a horse race, it's not actually a scientific prediction.
But the key issue that I would actually like to point out is that the global climate models actually cannot reproduce El Nino and La Nina in anything like a realistic manner, and they certainly can't capture this clustering that we do know occurs, even if we don't understand why it occurs, we know it does occur. And so if these climate models can't reproduce the known natural modes of climate variability that creates drought, that create flood in eastern Australia, how can one actually have any confidence in anything that comes out of them when you crank the CO₂ up?
Michael Duffy: How curious. Why can't they reflect it? Is it because they haven't been programmed to or it's just not feasible with those computers?
Stewart Franks: It's a sad fact that the physics of climate is incredibly complicated, and just because we have this question of CO₂, because we have this concern over CO₂, it doesn't mean all of a sudden we know the physics such that we can make those predictions. It is I think really wishful thinking on the part of climate scientists or climate change scientists in the first instance to predict the future, and in the second instance to say what caused this event or that event. When there's a drought they point and say CO₂, when there's a flood they point and they say CO₂. We actually don't know the physics enough.
Michael Duffy: Quite fascinating. Stewart Franks, thanks very much for joining us today.
Stewart Franks: Thank you Michael.
Michael Duffy: That was Stewart Franks who is associate professor of environmental engineering at the University of Newcastle, and we'll have a link to one of his papers on our website. And I should note that we did invite a representative from the Climate Institute to join us for that discussion but they were unable to participate.
- Stewart Franks
- Associate Professor, Environmental Enginerring, University of Newcastle
- Climate Variability in the land of fire and flood
- A.Kiem / S.Franks / D.Verdon
- Australian Journal of Emergency Management
- Michael Duffy
- Ian Coombe | <urn:uuid:04fd2cb1-22df-4b18-b30d-634102bcd34b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/counterpoint/why-so-wet/3000154 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00159-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974687 | 3,240 | 3.28125 | 3 |
Researchers have developed the first biosensor that can be used in vivo, inside a body, able to emit signals that can be detected by common ultrasound scanners. The technology has been granted an international provisional patent. The team developed a nanoparticle that alters its stiffness in response to pH changes in the body, with these changes picked up by ultrasound.
The new technology can be inserted deep into the tissues and measure biomarkers such as pH (as a measure of whether a tumor is shrinking following chemotherapy) and in the near future more complex markers such as oxygen (as an indicator of stroke injury) or disease-related proteins.
The technology has been tested in an animal model to detect changes in pH levels. It will now be tested in an animal models of disease to determine whether it can accurately monitor rapidly changing pH levels, initially focusing on cancer and stroke.
For more information, visit here . | <urn:uuid:6726f878-966f-4477-aa72-1571a4ecb535> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.medicaldesignbriefs.com/component/content/article/mdb/features/rand/37114?r=33888 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.954601 | 179 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Roberts, J.M. and Charnley, D.
Attentive Visual Tracking.
4th British Machine Vision Conf.
Full text not available from this repository.
The research reported here addresses the problem of detecting and tracking independently moving objects from a moving observer in real time, using corners as object tokens. Local image-plane constraints are employed to solve the correspondence problem. The approach relaxes the restrictive static-world assumption conventionally made, and is therefore capable of tracking independently moving and deformable objects. Tracking is performed without the use of any 3-dimensional motion model. The technique is novel in that, unlike traditional feature tracking algorithms where feature detection and tracking is carried out over the entire image-plane, here it is restricted to those areas most likely to contain meaningful image structure. Feature instantiation regions are defined from a combination of odometry information and a limited knowledge of the operating scenario. The algorithms developed have been tested on real image sequences taken from typical driving scenarios. Preliminary experiments on a parallel (Transputer) architecture indicate that real-time operation is achievable.
Actions (login required) | <urn:uuid:7e15cee5-5cd7-4bca-aef9-b57d5b886f0a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/250367/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00492-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.905686 | 227 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Why We Should Worry About The National Debt
Presented by M. Mosqueda and T. Myers
The Nation's Debt Could Delay Social Security Checks
If we reach the debt ceiling and it isn't raised any further, Social Security could be affected. Social Security is just another bill to the government and if they do not have the funds to pay it, then we are stuck waiting until they do. They also must factor in things such as paying the Military and FBI agents. This is why our generation and anyone on social security should be worried. There is no guarantee that the government will continue to fund benefits at another program's expense.
If the government's budget doesn't come under control soon, then we will be maxing out our debt limit. In order to pay off the debt one of the solutions is to raise taxes... a lot.. The stock market would crash along with any assets or investments you may have.
Below Is A Chart of How Each of the Presidents Has Contributed to the National Debt
Flow of Debt as a Percentage of GDP, 1940-2009
(In reference to the image above)
During the 1990s, a combination of tax increases, spending reductions (particularly in defense), and an economic boom reduced the debt as a percentage of GDP and brought four consecutive years of budget surpluses beginning in 1998—the first such streak in forty years. | <urn:uuid:68bf7201-fd8d-4808-8de3-d30a4cf023d1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://tackk.com/vkbrvh | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00143-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955046 | 281 | 2.390625 | 2 |
The Bullmastiff is a powerful dog that was originally developed for protection. English gamekeepers in the mid-19th century crossed the Mastiff and the Bulldog. The result was a powerful, fearless dog that could stop poachers in their tracks.
Today’s Bullmastiff is still a highly capable guard dog, but the breed is most treasured as a companion. Despite it’s powerful and somewhat intimidating appearance, this is a gentle and affectionate dog that forms a solid bond with it’s family members. However, the Bullmastiff’s tough side does instinctively comes out when necessary. One important thing to know about this breed: be prepared for slobber. The Bullmastiff owner tends to carry around a drool rag. If this sort of thing bothers you, then look elsewhere for the breed of your dreams. Otherwise, there’s a lot to love about these big sweeties. Could this breed be the choice for you? Learn all about the Bullmastiff and see for yourself.
- Hip Dysplasia
- Ruptured Cruciate Ligament
- Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus
About the Breed:
The Bullmastiff is large-boned and muscular working dog. Its origins as a Mastiff/Bulldog cross are apparent in its appearance. In personality, this breed is smart, alert and loyal. Though the Bullmastiff has a natural protective instinct, the breed is typically quite gentle around children and others who pose no threat.
The Mastiff has a short haircoat that typically needs little more than routine grooming. This breed is a moderately high shedder. Additionally, the Bullmastiff’s ears and facial skin folds (if present) should be kept clean and dry. This breed is a drooler, so be prepared when he shakes his head! You’ll want to carry a slobber rag for this one.
Like all dogs, proper training and socialization is important for the Bullmastiff. Overall, the breed is smart, but also has an independent streak. Training will require firm consistency. The Bullmastiff is not overly active, but the breed needs routine exercise to remain fit and motivated. A word of caution: the Bullmastiff is vulnerable to overheating due to its short snout. Don’t overdo exercise, and be sure to keep your dog cool in hot weather.
Bullmastiffs are very gentle companions and family protectors that make lovely family pets. They will get along wonderfully with children when properly trained and socialized. These dogs are quite versatile as well, even adapting to apartment life provided they get plenty of daily exercise. Above all, the Bullmastiff is a loyal and affectionate house pet that forms a close bond with its humans.
People who know Bullmastiffs simply cannot say enough wonderful things about this breed. Have you been lucky enough to share your life with a Bullmastiff? | <urn:uuid:612693d5-d8e1-4e7f-b756-876f988a5c5e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blog.radiofence.com/bullmastiff/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00011-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948246 | 608 | 2.296875 | 2 |
The late world-renowned New Testament textual critic, Bruce Metzger, in one of his early books did an interesting analysis of the biblical Samaritan parable. Metzger focused on the main actors apart from the hapless victim and suggested the mottos suggested from their behavior with reference to the victim. I am ‘eeksing’ up my little self by adding to his mottos the summary emotion of each motto.
The main actors are the robbers, the religious folk (priest, Levite = modern clergy) and the unlikely hero, the Samaritan. A parable is a simile expanded in story form.
To make it easier to grasp I’ll use a chart. Recall the account (Luke 10:25-37): a man was going fromJerusalem (the worship centre) to Jericho and along that dangerous Jericho road he fell among thieves who robbed him, beat him and left him ‘half dead’ or seriously wounded. Later the religious folk came along and went over where he lay, looked at him, then went on the other side of the road and on their merry way.
Finally the Samaritan came by, examined the victim, poured oil and wine on his wounds, put him on his own beast, took him to a ‘motel’ for further help, made a down-payment for his care and promised to cover any excess beyond that amount on his next visit.
Actor Motto Emotion
Robbers “what is yours is mine Antipathy (feeling against)
I’ll take it [by force]”
Religious folk “what is mine is mine Apathy (without feeling, uncaring)
I’ll keep it”
Samaritan “What is mine is ours Empathy (feeling with/as neighbour)
let’s share it”
It is helpful to note that caves (hiding places for robbers) were along the Jericho road so travelers along the road are usually armed. The presumed journey of the account for all is from the worship centre (Jerusalem) toward Jericho.
Christians, under conviction possibly, usually offer a defence for the behaviour of the religious actors by saying that by Levitical law (Lev. 21:1-11) they cannot defile themselves by touching a dead body even that of a close relative. Not a bad try except that you can’t tell if a person is dead or just seriously wounded unless you care enough to get close and check.
Another tactic is to excuse the religious folk by pointing out the danger of the road and the live risk of being attacked as well if one stopped to help. Other prior commitment is yet another tactic offered. The Samaritan faced all of that too but helped.
Our beloved country needs people who are prepared in principle and practice to run necessary risks to provide needed help to whomever we encounter. Mere Christians are not likely to be open to this. The Samaritan, despised by Jews in that era, was so prepared. It is worthy of note too that after revealing the apathy of the clergy Jews our Lord did not mention a ‘lay’ Jew as hero but opted for a despised Samaritan!
Brutal Jamaican reality: the motto and emotion of robbers have not changed though their appearance may be disguised today; politicians, parsons/religious folk, police, businesses, et al/etc. who ‘do us in’ still operate on a species of the motto/emotion of robbers.
Brutal Jamaican reality: far too many professing Christians love and care in word only, not in deed.
I say then, may the tribe of that Samaritan in Luke increase and repopulate Jamaica until we achieve the desired goal of a kinder, gentler, more neighbourly nation. Love is more a verb than a noun or bears witness to itself more in action than in words. Observer 3/12/19 | <urn:uuid:167b7956-95b8-4804-ab85-861106fabb83> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thechisholmsource.com/2019/12/jamaicas-need-more-samaritans-not-more-mere-christians/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.968208 | 823 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Martin van Creveld
Professor of History, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Author of The Transformation of War and others.
Primary Contributions (1)
tactics, in warfare, the art and science of fighting battles on land, on sea, and in the air. It is concerned with the approach to combat; the disposition of troops and other personalities; the use made of various arms, ships, or aircraft; and the execution of movements for attack or defense. This…READ MORE | <urn:uuid:80e7c9bb-cfa9-47de-a069-2f40a56b1698> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.britannica.com/contributor/Martin-van-Creveld/4017 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.879368 | 102 | 2.109375 | 2 |
We’re committed to supporting you through times of uncertainty, from the rise in the cost of living, protecting yourself from fraud and understanding the impact of global events on long term savings. Here you’ll find the support and resources to help.
With many people’s finances under pressure from the rising cost of living our experts share guidance and tips to help you manage uncertainty today whilst saving for your future.
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It’s normal for the stock market to go up or down over the short term, especially during times of global uncertainty. Here we explain how it works and what it means longer term.
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Our Investments Expert Maria explains what stock market volatility is, how it can affect your savings, and why it’s best to view your investments over the long term.
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It’s important to understand how to best protect yourself and your pension from fraud and scams. Find out what to look out for and what you can do.
Fraudsters may use times of uncertainty to trick people into a scam. Read our 6 signs of a pension scam to see what to look out for.
Managing your mental health during times of uncertainty is important. For the latest information and tips, our charity partner Mental Health UK can help. | <urn:uuid:52ca6fe7-9c12-4aba-aa5a-0e5b7972a996> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.scottishwidows.co.uk/global/uncertainty/?WT.mc_id=vurl-coronavirus | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.923808 | 536 | 1.546875 | 2 |
The Call of Duty Soundtrack was composed by Michael Giacchino, performed by the Hollywood Studio Symphony, and published by Activision. It was released in 2003, and is comprised of music from the game. Overall, it has a total of 13 tracks and a runtime of 38 minutes, 55 seconds. A rather limited release, the Call of Duty Soundtrack was first offered as a bonus to customers who preordered the game at EB Games, and was later bundled with the Call of Duty: Warchest as bonus content.
Michael Giacchino, the composer of the soundtrack, started his career at Disney Interactive, and was later contracted to write the score for Call of Duty's predecessor, Medal of Honor. Due to this previous work, Activision signed him on to compose the score for Call of Duty. Comparing his work on Call of Duty and Medal of Honor, Giacchino aimed for a score that would reflect the "chaos that surrounds you in times of combat and also of the millions of prayers that must have been said in the darkest of moments." He felt that Medal of Honor lacked "the ugliness of war in its more combat action moments," which he sought to rectify in Call of Duty's soundtrack by making it more "visceral and brutal."
In designing the music, Giacchino relied more on texturing and dissonances to portray the visceral and brutal war. While there are repeated motifs in game, they are not as simply or as clearly rendered as Medal of Honor's, but "primal and simple" in their approach. The music of the game was also designed with gameplay aspects in mind: Some music closely follows the action in scripted events, while others are intended to loop in the background.
In all, a total of 48 minutes of music was recorded by a 75 piece orchestra, the Hollywood Studio Symphony, on August 6, 2003 at the Sony Scoring Stage in Culver City, CA. The orchestra was conducted by Giacchino's friend Tom Simonek, while Giacchino listened on the side.
Track listing Edit
Total Runtime: 38:55
Call of DutyEdit
Levels: Introduction, End Credits
Notes: The piece starts off with a group of tense sixteenth notes in the strings and ominous timpani rolls, before moving on to a series of dissonant themes in the strings, then the brass. While the strings continue tense groups of sixteenth notes, the horn comes in with a simple, noble melody (the Call of Duty motif), which is then taken up in the brass. As the brass continues, the horns start a series of dissonances, before the strings take on the melody in unison, without any dissonance in the background. A flute solo continues, before the music swells and falls back. A simple snare drum rhythm plays softly, and then the Pegasus Bridge version of the theme plays, a stirring string melody. As it finishes, the strings play a series of sustained notes, which the woodwinds tentatively respond to. The music then falls back to the tense sixteenth notes in the strings, crescendoing steadily into the brassy main theme before dying away suddenly. The music concludes with an eerie set of high string harmonics and tense sixteenths in the low strings.
Notes: The music opens up with the theme in the horns amid mysterious string chords. Various flourishes in the strings and woodwinds lead to an air of mystery, reflecting the dark French countryside the American protagonist has landed into. Flutes, oboes, strings, and clarinets all make appearances. Then, coinciding with the sighting of the American troops, the music suddenly accents, and a series of extremely quick sixteenth note runs create a frenzied atmosphere that bursts into the main Escape motif, a loud trumpet motif. The strings and woodwinds agitatedly mingle with the trumpets and horns, while the loud brass booms punctuates the music loudly.
Levels: Normandy Route N13
Notes: Immediately from the start, the hectic car ride is reflected in the frantic string runs and dissonant brass notes. The horn and marimba join in at certain points to create a disjointed melody of sorts. Eventually, a certain trumpet triplet call and dissonant string reply dominate, before moving into a climaxing section. The section after reflects the race to find and hotwire a car in the French village, and that subsequent escape, which is lower in pitch than the preceding section. The music reaches another agitated high, and then the music shifts to a major melody in the horns, signifying safety at last.
Approaching The TirpitzEdit
Levels: Battleship Tirpitz
Notes: Plays as the player approaches the imposing battleship Tirpitz in a small boat. The looming battleship in the distance is represented with eerie string glissandos and low brass. After receiving permission to board the ship, the music alternates between a unison, string driven theme and the rumbles of low strings and flute replies. Dissonant horn and string replies further illustrate the tension of the mission.
Levels: Battleship Tirpitz
Notes: Loops throughout the mission after the player and Captain Price have been compromised. The trumpet fanfare, the Escape motif, plays loudly, and is then followed by a series of string and flute runs. The Escape motif reoccurs in a number of variations in the brass and horns, before moving into a high string section. A number of different variations in the low brass reoccur, while the strings scurry about below.
Stukas And FlakvierlingsEdit
Levels: Airfield Escape
Notes: Loops during the mission. Immediately, the piece starts with a frantic string run. Muted brass calls punctuate above the moving strings, moving into a call-and-response between them and the strings. A snare rhythm joins in with dissonant brass and horns. Coinciding with about the point the player uses the Flakvierling, a distinctive fanfare plays that dissolves back into a series of dissonances and loud brass calls. In another segment, a series of descending chromatic scales in the trumpets imitates the fall of the Stukas as the player shoots them down. The piece ends with the call of muted horns.
Levels: The Eder Dam
Notes: High string glissandos and rumbling low brass start the piece off, illustrating the tight security of the dam and its imposing size. A repetitive rhythm features in the strings, while the low woodwinds provide a regular beat underneath. In the background a confused trumpet can be heard. The horns enter with a theme reminiscent of the Escape motif. The latter half sees the lower brass, then the trumpets, and then the horns enter with a variety of themes, before the melody eventually passes to the strings, then back to the brass.
Notes: Plays during the boat ride across the Volga. The beginning of the piece starts with the Red Square theme playing ominously in the low brass and very high strings. The horns join in with the low brass, as the music slowly crescendos ever so slowly. Then, a series of sustained notes in the strings and a long harp glissando lead to the next point, a rolling string rhythm that backs up the brass with elements of the main theme. A shrill trumpet solo intervenes and leads to the Red Square theme in the brass. The strings join in with the Red Square theme, followed by a high trumpet. The piece ends with a variation on the Red Square theme in the horns and trumpet.
Levels: Eder Dam Getaway
Notes: Irregular brass rhythms are the hallmark of this piece, which plays during the truck escape from Eder Dam after the dam has been sabotaged. The string presence is relegated to quick sixteenth note runs until towards the latter half, including the sixteenth runs from the Main Theme. Overall the piece is dominated by the brass.
Levels: Red Square
Notes: One of the most prominent themes in the game, based on the hymn tune Ebenezer. The piece starts with a solemn horn solo. After a brief rest, a long harp glissando brings in the Red Square theme in the strings: legato, simple, perhaps a little bit romantic. The occurrence of this theme coincides with the Russian signal to charge headlong into the German lines. The theme is repeated, but this time with brass fanfare in the background. A quiet string interlude in the related major plays, before fading back into the stormy minor key. A cymbal clashes as the theme ends in the strings. The coda is repeated in the horns and ends with a soft string note.
Sewers Under StalingradEdit
Levels: Stalingrad Sewers, The Eder Dam
Notes: This track actually makes its first appearance as a looping piece in Eder Dam. The scurrying sixteenth notes with blaring brass makes a return here. Occasionally these brass accents are preceded by eerie string glissandos. As the piece moves on, it enters a very muted section, before moving into a louder horn section. High trumpet calls repeatedly rise above the moving strings.
Tanks A LotEdit
Levels: Oder River Country, Oder River Town
Notes: This piece loops through both tank levels. It starts off with loud crescendoing low brass and a peculiar string rhythm that continue through the piece. Occasionally, extremely dissonant trumpets burst through, and the strings move into very chromatic modes. Around halfway, more connected themes start to arise among the strings and horns, only to fall back to the same disjunct set of dissonant notes. Trombone glissandos punctuate the scene occasionally. The piccolos arise in another segment, followed by another series of chromatics.
Levels: Pegasus Bridge-Day
Notes: This piece is the calmest piece, described by the composer as a single soldier's prayer joined by those of many others. It appears in-game after fending off large German counterattacks, at the end of Pegasus Bridge-Day and at the end of Noville in United Offensive. The music is almost completely composed of strings, starting off with the violins, then joined by the cellos, and then joined by the rest of the string orchestra. It is a slow, sensitive work, and very smooth, unlike most of the music in the soundtrack. A series of variations of the Call of Duty motif are presented, but the actual motif theme is not played towards the end, after which the music fades away and ends with the horns. | <urn:uuid:06653289-ea1f-4788-816a-5072a0aead2f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://callofduty.wikia.com/wiki/Call_of_Duty_Soundtrack | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00172-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933647 | 2,203 | 1.53125 | 2 |
It doesn’t matter where you are in Australia during the warmer months of the year, you’re going to encounter mosquitoes. In some regions, mosquitoes are a constant and extremely irritating problem. Australians love the great outdoors and mosquitoes are simply a part of our way of life, but in some instances, the problem can be worse than normal.
The coming La Nina promises a cooler and wetter summer than normal for Australia, and experts are warning that this coming season, mosquitoes are going to be breeding like crazy and out in full force. The word is to brace for a mosquito plague this summer, with mosquito numbers much higher than those experienced during a regular summer season.
What Is La Nina?
La Nina is basically a fluctuation in water temperatures near the equator. La Nina is the term used to refer to the cold phase, while El Nino refers to the warmer phase of this temperature cycle. This article gives a great summary: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-10-19/what-el-nino-la-nina-mean-australian-weather/9053464
The cycle fluctuates every few years, and while one part of the world is in the La Nina phase, other parts of the world will be experiencing El Nino. These phases can last anywhere from 2 to 7 years but typically occur every twelve months or so. With Australia bracing for a La Nina phase of the cycle this coming summer, it means temperatures will be cooler than normal with more rainfall occurring.
Why Will the Coming La Nina Increase the Mosquito Problem?
It’s true that mosquitoes enjoy a warm to hot climate, and even during a somewhat cooler La Nina phase, the Australian summer is still very warm and for a prolonged period. Although temperatures can get cold during winter in some regions, the country is known for warm weather and long summers.
The main problem facing Australians during the upcoming La Nina cycle is the increase in wet weather. Mosquitoes breed in water, and with more prolonged and regular periods of rain, this will create the ultimate breeding ground for this pesky insect.
As mentioned at the start of this article, experts are warning of increased numbers of mosquitoes in potential plague proportions. This will likely affect every Australian household over the coming summer season.
What Will the Fallout Of La Nina Mean for Australians?
The most obvious result of the upcoming La Nina will be an influx of these biting insects. Whether you’re outside or indoors, mosquito numbers are going to be on the rise in a major way.
Imagine being outside for your regular family barbecue and everyone is getting eaten alive by swarms of mosquitoes. It’ll also be virtually impossible to keep them from getting indoors when there are so many around. Screens will certainly help, but chances are, every single time a front or back door is opened, mosquitoes will sneak inside and wait for a chance to attack.
Sleepless nights and constant mosquito bites is likely to be the outcome.
According to a recent Channel 7 report, the last time Australia experienced a La Nina like the one predicted by experts was 10 years ago, and during that cycle, the continent experienced mosquitoes in plague proportions in some areas. Overall, the mosquito population increased markedly in just about all regions of the country. Read the article and watch the video: https://7news.com.au/the-morning-show/australians-warned-to-brace-for-potentially-deadly-horror-mosquitoesseason-c-1566211
Being regularly bitten or annoyed by these biting insects is only a part of the problem. The second major issue will be disease. It’s a well-known fact that mosquitoes can, and do, spread diseases and viruses. While not every single mosquito bite will result in illness, the potential is always there, and this potential will increase exponentially with the upcoming La Nina phase set to affect our shores. One key reason why mosquitoes have the potential to spread viruses, disease and illness is because of the environments in which they lay their eggs. Think about this. Mosquitoes lay eggs in still water, such as ponds, lakes, puddles, disused swimming pools, containers in the backyard, buckets, drains, clogged guttering, flood plains, wetlands and more. In fact, anywhere that still and stagnant water is located in a potential breeding hotspot for mosquitoes.
Much of this stagnant water contains bacteria and parasites. The mosquito larvae are bred in this toxic environment, and once a mosquito has matured and can fly off in search of prey, it could be infected with any number of diseases. It finds a human to bite and injects this parasite or disease into the person’s bloodstream. While the infection is not a guarantee, a La Nina phase increases the chances of pestilence being widespread during the Australian summer.
Potential problems include:
- Ross River Fever
- Murray Valley Encephalitis Virus
- Barmah Forest Virus
- And more…
Protecting Yourself During La Nina
Mosquitoes are most prevalent (and most hungry) at both dusk and dawn. If you can avoid being outdoors during these times of the day, you reduce your chances of being bitten and contracting a disease quite considerably.
Covering up by wearing long-sleeved shorts, long pants, shoes and even gloves will help stave off this annoying insect.
Pestrol’s Insect Shield Women’s Shirt
It’s only common sense to stock up on insect repellent and to remember to always apply it to any exposed skin to ward of mosquitoes. In fact, every single Australian should get into the habit of carrying insect repellent with them wherever they go during the upcoming summer.
Mosquito repellent is one of the easiest and most effective ways to protect yourself against mosquito bites.
Around the home, install some electronic mosquito zappers near the front and back doors, as this can really help keep mosquitoes from getting inside. You’ll also want to consider having a few cans of low-allergenic insect spray in the home in case too many of these pests do happen to find their way indoors.
While it does promise to be the summer of the mosquito, with some common sense and measures in place to protect yourself, your family and your home, you can survive the La Nina and keep mosquitoes at bay for the most part.
Read more about Mosquitoes with Pestrol:
The Best Ways To Repel Mosquitoes >
Mosquito bites, treatment, prevention and the latest news >
Mosquito-borne diseases in Australia >
The Best Mosquito Traps and How They Work >
Can Mosquitoes Spread Covid-19 Virus? >
Top 10 Tips For Outdoor Mosquito Problems > | <urn:uuid:ccd85639-3fbd-4574-a4f4-f50f1214793c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pestrol.com.au/does-la-nina-mean-there-is-a-mosquito-plague-coming-this-summer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.941134 | 1,417 | 2.625 | 3 |
When Margaret was eighteen she as well as her older bro Daniel relocated to Leadville, Colorado, with her sibling Mary Ann and also her sis’s hubby. Margaret ultimately wed as well as fulfilled J.J. Brown.
Margaret Brown was even more than simply an American Socialite as well as Benefactor; she was a lady with a large heart and also a love for individuals. Birthed as Margaret Tobin on July 18, 1867 in Hannibal, Missouri, to Irish Catholic immigrant moms and dads living in a 2 area home, she had 3 siblings, a sibling and also 2 fifty percent siblings.
Maggie had a possibility to wed rich men that made their ton of money in mining and also attempted dating her. Rather, she wed a self-educated business owner. When inquired about that she specified:
Margaret Brown competed an Us senate seat from Colorado in 1914. She suddenly finished her project to go back to France to collaborate with the American Board for Devastated France throughout World War I. Later, she utilized her brand-new discovered popularity as “The Unsinkable Mrs. Brown” to speak up for proficiency amongst kids as well as females, and also far better working problems for Miners. Maggie additionally remained to promote ladies’s legal rights as well as raise money for worthwhile reasons like the Red Cross.
In 1909 Margaret as well as J.J. authorized a splitting up contract. Margaret obtained a cash money negotiation, preserved belongings of their houses and also obtained a $700 regular monthly allocation to proceed her trips as well as social job.
Margaret Brown invested 1912 taking a trip throughout the Center East as well as Europe. Brown was delivered to the Titanic aboard the tender SS Nomadic at Cherbourg, France, on the night of April 10, 1912.
Throughout the 1920s Maggie satisfied a long-lasting passion as well as came to be a starlet. She outlasted her spouse, yet on October 26, 1932, Margaret Brown passed away in her rest at the Barbizon Resort in New York City. She was hidden with J.J. Brown in the Burial Ground of the Holy Rood in Westbury, Long Island, New York.
Margaret Brown’s popularity as a brave Titanic survivor assisted her advertise historical conservation, and also ceremony of the valor as well as chivalry shown by the males aboard the Titanic. Throughout World war she collaborated with the American 寵物移民價錢 Board for Devastated France as well as aided injured American as well as french soldiers. She was granted the French Légion d’Honneur for her activities, advocacy, as well as philanthropy.
” I desired an abundant guy, yet I liked Jim Brown. I assumed concerning exactly how I desired convenience for my papa and also just how I had actually established to remain solitary up until a male offered himself that might provide to the weary old male the points I wanted for him. I wed Jim Brown.”
Margaret contributed her time and also initiative to functioning in a soup kitchen area that offered the clingy family members of Miners down on their good luck. She was forthright when it came to female’s civil liberties as well as extremely energetic in the Suffrage activity to get ladies the right to elect.
Over the following 3 years they had 2 kids, Larry as well as Helen. In 1893 every little thing transformed for the Brown Family members. Changing from silver to gold manufacturing made the business abundant and also transformed about the ninety percent joblessness price amongst miners in Leadville.
Guests from her life watercraft later on informed the press that Brown after that endangered to toss the crewman crazy. After the Titanic Survivors were chosen up by the RMS Carpathia, Brown arranged a board of First Course Passengers to aid Secondly and also Third Course Passengers.
Margaret Brown ended up being a rich socialite, yet she detested pretenders. Brownish called her “the snobbiest female in Denver”.
Margaret assisted develop the Denver Female’s Club with various other well-off spouses. The club’s objective was to boost the lives of females with education and learning as well as philanthropy.
Margaret Brown came to be an affluent socialite, yet she abhored pretenders. She outlasted her partner, yet on October 26, 1932, Margaret Brown passed away in her rest at the Barbizon Resort in New York City. Margaret Brown’s popularity as a brave Titanic survivor aided her advertise historical conservation, and also ceremony of the fearlessness and also chivalry presented by the guys aboard the Titanic.
Throughout the thrill to conserve as numerous as feasible, Maggie aided various other guests obtain right into their lifeboats, rejecting to board her very own. The bold Brown was later on called “unsinkable” by a paper which reported on her persistent rejection to leave the ship up until she had actually aided as lots of as feasible to board lifeboats, as well as her various other activities to conserve lives as well as aid survivors.
Margaret’s social sights were not sustained by her partner that had really sexist ideas regarding the function of females in marital relationship as well as culture. Maggie likewise handled to frustrate J.J. as well as others by using extra-large females’s hats to attract interest to herself and also her reasons.
Margaret Brown was even more than simply an American Socialite and also Benefactor; she was a female with a huge heart as well as a love for individuals. Margaret ultimately wed as well as fulfilled J.J. Brown. | <urn:uuid:ebfa90c9-f017-4994-ae43-7cf5e4e58d44> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cyclause.com/what-it-could-mean-for-your-sex-life-if-all-people-on-earth-are-documented-as-planets-and-galaxies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.984631 | 1,172 | 2.03125 | 2 |
UTILIZE DISTRICT LOANS
If a library user wants an item that is not owned by their library, other libraries in the district may be able to fulfill it.
HOW DOES MY LIBRARY PROCESS A DISTRICT LOAN?
When a patron wants an item that is not owned by your library, the patron fills out a request form and submits it to library staff.
Step 1: Library staff verify the title and request information using local processes. This step allows the library to investigate the best method of acquiring the item for a patron. Note: Check the copyright date of the item: If it is a newer title, please determine if your location should purchase a copy.
Step 2: Library staff look in the catalogs of the other larger systems in the district. If the item is available in another district catalog and is an item type they lend, the library places a self-mediated district loan request using local barcode and PIN number. Note: If the item is not currently available on the shelves of the library, has a long list of patrons who have already requested the item, you may want to reconsider the item for local purchase or inform the patron that there may be an extended waiting period. Requests for District Loans are not filled until after local library patron requests are filled.
PLACING A DISTRICT LOAN REQUEST
Your library location has a barcode and a PIN that works in the online catalog. Place the district loan request in the catalog of the library using the barcode and PIN assigned to your location as though you were a regular library patron. The item will be sent to your library when it is available.
BORROWING FROM DAUPHIN COUNTY LIBRARY SYSTEM
District libraries may borrow any circulating item that can be requested from the catalog. You are typically not billed for late fines by district libraries, but will be asked to pay replacement costs for items that are lost while on loan to your library.
Step 1: Go to the DCLS online catalog and search for the item you would like to borrow.
Step 2: When you find it, click on the Request It icon.
Step 3: Enter your library's barcode and PIN number.
Step 4: Select a pick-up location from the drop down menu. If a copy is checked in at a location, please select that location as your pick-up location. If all copies of an item are currently checked out, select East Shore Area Library.
Step 5: Wait for delivery! DCLS locations print their pull lists every day they are open and check the shelves to see if they can fill the request. Staff will notice that the patron name is the name of a district library and will check the item out to the library barcode, note the due date, and prepare the item to be sent directly to the requesting library using a delivery slip. | <urn:uuid:f98afafb-6ead-4586-ac16-165ed01d875e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://capitalarealibrarydistrict.org/district-loans | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.907896 | 587 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Efforts to prevent the U.S. economy from tumbling over a "fiscal cliff" stalled on Sunday as Democrats and Republicans remained at loggerheads over a deal that would prevent taxes for all Americans from rising on New Year's Day.
One hour before they had hoped to present a plan, Democratic and Republican leaders said were still unable to reach a compromise that would stop the automatic tax hikes and spending cuts that could push the economy into recession.
"There are still serious differences between the two sides," Senate Democratic Leader Harry Reid said.
A sticking point appeared to be a Republican proposal floated late on Saturday, which would slow the growth of Social Security retirement benefits in an effort to narrow trillion-dollar budget deficits. Many Democrats, including Reid, have said Social Security should not be touched.
With negotiations at an apparent standstill on Capitol Hill, Senate Republican Leader Mitch McConnell said he would now try to hammer out an agreement with Vice President Joe Biden.
"I'm willing to get this done, but I need a dance partner," McConnell said.
Any agreement needs to be rushed through both chambers of Congress before midnight on Monday. Even if the two sides reach an agreement, procedural barriers in the Senate and the House of Representatives make quick action difficult.
If the politicians cannot agree, then tax increases and across-the-board government spending cuts will begin on Jan. 1. That would take $600 billion out of the economy, push unemployment up and curb federal spending.
Another major disagreement was over tax hikes on the wealthy, an increase sought by President Barack Obama but opposed by Republicans, particularly fiscal conservatives in the House of Representatives.
Republicans aim to pair any tax increase with spending cuts to benefit programs that are projected to grow ever more expensive as the population ages in coming decades.
But their proposal to slow the growth of Social Security benefits by changing the way they are measured against inflation met fierce resistance from Democrats. Obama included the proposal, known as "chained CPI," in an earlier proposal, but many of his fellow Democrats remain opposed.
"We consider it a poison pill - they know we can't accept it. It is a big step back from where we were on Friday," a Senate Democratic aide said.
Obama made a rare appearance on NBC's "Meet the Press" to pressure lawmakers into forging a deal.
Senators appearing on other Sunday morning shows expressed optimism that an agreement could be reached.
Republican Senator Lindsey Graham conceded that an agreement would end up raising income taxes on the wealthy, thus sparing the rest of the country from the looming income tax hikes.
"President Obama is going to get tax rate increases. The president won," Graham tweeted, echoing earlier comments he made on "Fox News Sunday." He told the show that the chances of a bipartisan deal before the New Year's deadline were "exceedingly good."
Obama has alternatively offered Republicans a deal to increase income taxes for households earning over $250,000 a year, and over $400,000 a year.
A White House aide said the president and his staff had been in touch with congressional leaders through the weekend.
Any deal on taxes in the Senate might meet resistance in the House from conservative Republicans.
On NBC, Obama warned of the fallout in financial markets if the two sides did not reach an agreement.
"If people start seeing that on January 1st this problem still hasn't been solved, that we haven't seen the kind of deficit reduction that we could have, had the Republicans been willing to take the deal that I gave them ... then obviously that's going to have an adverse reaction in the markets," Obama said, adding that he had offered Republicans significant compromises that had been rejected repeatedly.
He said he would avoid tax increases for most Americans, even if the talks fall apart.
"If Republicans do in fact decide to block it, so that taxes on middle class families do in fact go up on January 1st, then we'll come back with a new Congress on January 4th and the first bill that will be introduced on the floor will be to cut taxes on middle class families," Obama said.
John Boehner, the speaker of the House of Representatives, rejected Obama's accusations that Republicans were not being amenable to compromise.
"The president's comments today are ironic, as a recurring theme of our negotiations was his unwillingness to agree to anything that would require him to stand up to his own party," Boehner, who has had trouble convincing his Republican colleagues to support his own proposals, said in a statement. | <urn:uuid:5c7981f4-250c-4d54-9413-9a9b9a663fe0> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.carbonated.tv/news/us-fiscal-deal-stalls-as-clock-ticks-to-deadline | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718285.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00105-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.98112 | 921 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Monday, May 09, 2005
Hmmm...Wonder What the Chechnyans Think About This?
"We will not repeat the mistakes of other generations, appeasing or excusing tyranny, and sacrificing freedom in the vain pursuit of stability. We have learned our lesson; no one's liberty is expendable. In the long run, our security and true stability depend on the freedom of others," George W. Bush, Riga, Latvia, May 7, critiquing the U.S.-Britain pact at Yalta with the Soviet Union.
Maybe Roosevelt and Churchill can be criticized for the deal that permitted the Soviet Union to consolidate its hold on Eastern Europe. They made the deal they felt they had to make. Sixty-year old hindsight isn't exactly the best. Considering that Churchill made the speech that created the term "Iron Curtain" little more than a year after Yalta, it seems evident that he understood early on the harsh compromise that had been made.
Still, neither Churchill nor Roosevelt, ever said this about the Russian leader they were sitting down with:
"I looked the man in the eye. I found him to be very straightforward and trustworthy. We had a very good dialogue. I was able to get a sense of his soul; a man deeply committed to his country and the best interests of his country. . . . I wouldn't have invited him to my ranch if I didn't trust him," George W. Bush June 16, 2001, on his first meeting with Vladimir Putin.
For that matter, considering how democracy has been marching -- backwards -- in Russia in the last four years, perhaps the question that should be asked is: Will the West still consider sacrificing "freedom" when an autocrat says that it is part of the "war on terror"?
(To my snarky friends on the left who might be visiting here, let me be clear: I'm talking about Putin in the last sentence, not Bush.) | <urn:uuid:4a459c20-a098-4ee5-8d45-ec554da37cf9> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://raggedthots.blogspot.com/2005/05/hmmmwonder-what-chechnyans-think-about.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718278.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00241-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975904 | 402 | 1.851563 | 2 |
In our article Make a Simple Battery Status Monitor we showed how a few components could be put together to make a very basic battery voltage monitor to give a visual indication of the charge state of a 12V lead acid battery.
Here we will show you how to make a more advanced battery monitor using 10 LEDs (or an LED bargraph display) and the LM3914 dot/bar display driver (pictured above) to show the battery voltage very accurately.
12V Battery Monitor Circuit
Above is shown the schematic for our 12 Volt battery monitor. The values of the resistors are R1 = 56K, R2 = 120K + 47K, R3 = 3K9 to give us an 11.89V to 12.65V voltage range – i.e. the first red LED (D1) will light up at a voltage of 11.89V which is a virtually empty 12V lead acid battery, and the last green LED (D10) will light up at a voltage of 12.65V corresponding to a full 12V lead acid battery. The other LEDs will turn on one by one as the measured voltage increases through the range.
To calibrate the monitor, connect it to 12.65V and adjust the 10K potentiometer (VR1) until the last green LED turns on. With the resistor values used, you will just need to check that the first red LED turns off as it should at 11.89V.
The LM3914 has two modes – DOT and BAR. With DOT mode (as used in our example above) only one LED is on at a time. With BAR mode – achieved by connecting pin 9 to the incoming positive voltage – all LEDs up to the measured voltage are on at the same time like a bar graph.
In DOT mode the circuit shown above would draw under 10mA. In BAR mode the current consumption would be increased by an amount depending on the number of LEDs turned on up to around 100mA when the battery is full.
To change the brightness of the LEDs, R3 can be changed. Increasing the value reduces the brightness (and also reduces current consumption), decreasing the value increases the brightness (and also increases the current consumption). Replacing R3 with a variable resistor in series with a 1K resistor enables the brightness of the LEDs to be easily changed for example for indoor or outdoor use.
Instead of using 10 individual LEDs, an alternative is to use an LED bargraph display such as that shown above. It is basically 10 LEDs packaged nice and small and tidy. These are available in a range of different colours, sizes, and number of LEDs.
Changing the Battery Monitor Voltage Range
Changing the voltage range for use with different types of battery or any other reason is very easy. The upper limit is set with the 10K pot as during calibration – just connect the desired upper limit voltage (above which the last green LED will turn on) to the monitor using a battery at that votlage or ideally a variable voltage power supply, and adjust the 10K pot until the last green LED just turns on.
Adjusting the lower limit is a bit trickier. Replace the R2 resistor(s) with a 200K potentiometer (as shown above), connect the desired lower limit voltage to the monitor and adjust the 200K potentiometer until the first red LED just turns on. You can leave this 200K pot in place, but for reliability it is better to measure the resistance across the two potentiometer terminals connected in place of R2 and then replace the potentiometer with fixed resistors totalling the measured value.
The above steps are made very much easier if you have access to a variable voltage power supply.
Click here for the LM3914 Datasheet for more technical information on using this display driver chip. | <urn:uuid:1297981d-c867-4027-8f00-987e391bf30a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.reuk.co.uk/wordpress/electric-circuit/12-volt-battery-monitor-circuit-with-lm3914/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.920143 | 783 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Starting a restaurant will demand a whole whole lot of work. Also, the pace of failure can be quite high. But success is also totally possible. In virtually any business endeavor, success is relative. For yourself to make certain you are on the correct path towards success, you effectively need to do things. In starting a restaurant business, here are some of the right things that can be done:
Begin with an idea. That is one of the main phases in your business planning. The sort of your restaurant could possibly be the good reason it’ll be successful or are unsuccessful. The one can be chosen by you that is near your heart, or even to your stomach. The sort of food, mood, and experience that you love quite definitely from other restaurants can be contained within your own.
Do not forget to Read: [Open Economy Necessitates the Need for Global Business Management]
You need to make certain that your preferences are the preferences of the general public also. Also, avoid choosing themes that will be the themes of other restaurants locally. Chances are, you should have so many opponents and there will never be enough customers to help your business survive.
Consider market and movements studies and make a decision which restaurant idea you’ll be ready to gamble with.
Survey the positioning. When choosing a spot for your business, there are a few essential factors that the accepted place should have. First, it ought to be accessible to potential prospects. A more filled area is your very best choice. It ought to be near residences, universities, or business organizations.
The area also needs to be clean. Because you are to enter a food business, your visitors will look in to the sanitation of the area always. So when your surrounding structures and buildings look presentable enough, it’ll positively affect the image of your business.
Another aspect would be the protection of the accepted place. You’ll want to entice visitors to come to your restaurant. And there’s a greater probability that they can come if the area is safe than when it’s potentially perilous.
Check requirements. You will discover local and countrywide requirements that you may need to adhere to. These can include health certificates, license to use, environmental permits, and so many more. To make certain about which documents you must have when you make an application for your business permit, you will need to check on with the neighborhood government of the positioning of your restaurant.
Don’t be disheartened if you are tasked to create lots of documents. This is the standard of all cities and so long as you are doing the right thing, your business will be at the right path.
Gather funds. Obviously, you must have enough profit order to go on with your ideas. You shall need profit order to process your permits. You’ll also desire a lot if you want to get or rent the building or land area what your location is planning to set up your business. | <urn:uuid:17b2dab3-a484-4ecb-8004-5a1e8713d00e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.khmedia.in/introduction-to-the-restaurant-business.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00009-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952532 | 610 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Andreas Vesalius' (1514–64) first publication was a Paraphrasis of the ninth book of the Liber ad Almansorem, written by the Muslim physician and scholar Al-Razi (Rhazes, 854–925). The role of Rhazes in Vesalius' oeuvre has thus far been much disregarded. The different ways Rhazes recurs reveal an intellectual evolution in Vesalius' work. In the Paraphrasis, Vesalius subjects Rhazes to the authority of Galen in the context of the early 16th-century humanist campaign for the substitution of Arab influences by Greek ‘originals'. Over the years Vesalius continues his work on Rhazes, but his approach becomes more internationalistic. Ultimately, Vesalius criticises Galen while expressing sympathy for the Arab author. This may be the more significant as Rhazes could have influenced Vesalius in the act of criticising Galen – critical discussions of Galen were available to Vesalius in Latin translations of Rhazes's Liber Continens. Although Vesalius never refers to the work, it is hardly possible he was unaware of it: similarities in structure, rhetoric and form between the Continens and the De humani corporis fabrica could support this hypothesis.
Rhazes in the Renaissance of Andreas Vesalius
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Figure 1: Professor Salim Al-Hassani, Professor Mohammed Abattouy and other award recpients at the Awards Event
Similar manuscripts of work on anatomy contained illustrated chapters on five systems of the body: bones, nerves, muscles, veins and arteries. This page depicts the arteries, with the internal organs shown in watercolors.
- next › | <urn:uuid:ba2e180d-4133-4883-9292-56a00cd29193> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.muslimheritage.com/article/rhazes-renaissance-andreas-vesalius/gallery/1030 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00267-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928568 | 361 | 2.84375 | 3 |
What did the Indians do before the founding of the California Missions?
What did the Indians do before the founding of the California Missions? How did they survive? What type of work did they do?
The Indians began to live in what we now know as California 8 -10,000 years ago so I would say they survived pretty well.
Because of the mountains and desert barriers they were pretty isolated from other North American Indians although there was some trading that took place. The California Indians learned to live with and use the rich resources that were available to feed, shelter, clothe and entertain themselves. They lived off the bountiful land and ate what was available – fish, game, edible plants etc. Acorns were a plentiful source of good. Finding food was the responsibility of the entire tribe and took up much of their time.
The California Indians lived in villages – many as small as 50 people, a few large enough to be called towns. The villages / tribes traded with each other.
They played games, cleaned themselves in sweat houses and worshiped the Supreme Being that created the earth. Their god had various names, the "Above Person", the "Immortal One" the "Earth Maker."
In summary the Indians lived rich and full lives, surviving by living off the land (and respecting it) and raising families. | <urn:uuid:7b73c999-5c02-4411-a181-5895f827cd0d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.missionscalifornia.com/ate/indians-founding-california-missions.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00547-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.989292 | 270 | 3.46875 | 3 |
|| An irreverent, highly original look at our rocky relationship with museums and museums' rocky relationship with us.If you've ever considered going to an art museum and then thought, errr, I'll do something else . . . If you've ever arrived and left a little glazed and confused . . . If you've ever thought, I might read an eight-page article about art museums but not a whole book . . . Then this is your story."Museum Legs"-taken from a term for art fatigue-starts with a question: Why do people get bored and tired in art museums and why does that matter? As Whitaker writes in this humorous and incisive collection of essays, museums matter for reasons that have less to do with art as we know it and more to do with business, politics, and the age-old question of how to live.Maybe the great age of museums will yet be a great age of creativity and hopeful possibility in everyday life. | <urn:uuid:0f09c9e3-0871-482f-a7e9-441ddcf6dc78> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://evergreen.lib.in.us/eg/opac/record/20468098 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00308-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961124 | 200 | 1.5625 | 2 |
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Forwarding and Control Element Separation Working Group of the IETF.
Title : Netlink as an IP services protocol
Author(s) : J. Salim et al.
Filename : draft-ietf-forces-netlink-00.txt
Pages : 19
Date : 01-Oct-01
This document describes Linux Netlink, which is used in Linux both
as an inter-kernel messaging system as well as between kernel and
user-space. The purpose of this document is intended as informa-
tional in the context of prior art for the ForCES IETF working
group. The focus of this document is to describe netlink from a
context of a protocol between a Forwording Engine Component (FEC)
and a Control Plane Component(CPC) that define an IP service.
The document ignores the ability of netlink as a inter-kernel mes-
saging system, as a an inter-process communication scheme (IPC) or
its use in configuring other non-network as well as network but
non-IP services (such as decnet etc).
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Send a message to:
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a MIME-compliant mail reader. Different MIME-compliant mail readers
exhibit different behavior, especially when dealing with
"multipart" MIME messages (i.e. documents which have been split
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implementation to automatically retrieve the ASCII version of the | <urn:uuid:6f252e0f-a97d-4f89-9b42-1416c4d02eae> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.atm.tut.fi/list-archive/ietf-announce/msg05753.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00052-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.713493 | 575 | 1.726563 | 2 |
How does my doctor know I have pancreatic cancer?
Q: What are the signs and symptoms of pancreatic cancer?
- Jaundice - Jaundice is a yellowing of the eyes and skin. It occurs in at least half of all people with pancreatic cancer and in all cases of ampullary cancer. Jaundice is caused by the buildup of bilirubin in the body. Bilirubin is a dark yellow -- brown substance that is made in the liver. Normally, the liver excretes bilirubin into bile. Bile goes into the intestines and eventually leaving the body in the stool. When the common bile duct becomes blocked, bile can't reach the intestines, and the level of bilirubin builds up. Cancers that begin in the head of the pancreas are near the common bile duct. These cancers can compress the duct while they are still fairly small. This can lead to jaundice, which may allow these tumors to be found in an early stage. But cancers that begin in the body or tail of the pancreas do not compress the duct until they have spread through the pancreas. By this time, the cancer may have also spread beyond the pancreas. Sometimes, the first sign of jaundice is darkening of the urine from bilirubin. As bilirubin levels in the blood increase, the urine becomes brown in color. If the bile duct is blocked, bile (and bilirubin) can't get through to the bowel. When this happens, a person may notice their stools becoming lighter in color. When bilirubin builds up in the skin, it turns yellow and starts to itch. Cancer is not the most common cause of jaundice. Other causes, such as gallstones, hepatitis, and other liver diseases, are much more common.
- Abdominal or back pain - Pain in the abdomen or back is common in advanced pancreatic cancer. Cancers that start in the body or tail of the pancreas may grow fairly large and start to compress on other nearby organs, causing pain. The cancer may also spread to the nerves surrounding the pancreas, which often causes back pain. The pain may be constant or it may come and go. Of course, pancreatic cancer is not a common cause of pain in the abdomen or back. It is more often caused by a non-cancerous diseases or even another type of cancer.
- Weight loss and poor appetite - Unintended or unexpected weight loss is very common in patients with pancreatic cancer. These people also complain of being very tired and having little or no appetite.
- Digestive problems - If cancer blocks the release of the pancreatic juice into the intestine, a person may not be able to digest fatty foods. The undigested fat may cause stools to be unusually pale, bulky, greasy, and to float in the toilet. The cancer may also wrap around the far end of the stomach and partly block it. This can cause nausea, vomiting, and pain that tends to be worse after eating.
- Gallbladder enlargement - If the cancer blocks the bile duct, bile can build up in the gallbladder, which then becomes enlarged. Sometimes a doctor can feel this enlargement during the physical exam. It can also be detected by imaging studies.
- Blood clots or fatty tissue abnormalities - Sometimes, the first clue that there is a pancreatic cancer is the development of a blood clot in a large vein, often a vein in the leg. This is called a deep venous thrombosis or DVT. Sometimes a clot breaks off and travels to the lungs, making it hard to get enough air. A blood clot in the lungs is called a pulmonary embolism or PE. Still, having a blood clot does not usually mean that you have cancer. Most blood clots are caused by other things. Another clue that there may be pancreatic cancer is the development of uneven texture of the fatty tissue underneath the skin. This is caused by the release of the pancreatic enzymes that digest fat.
- Diabetes - Rarely, exocrine cancers of the pancreas cause diabetes (high blood sugar) because they destroy the insulin-making cells. More often, there are slight problems with sugar metabolism that do not cause symptoms of diabetes but can still be recognized by certain blood tests.
History and physical exam
A thorough medical history will be taken to check for any pancreatic cancer risk factors, and to obtain information about pain (how long it has been present, its severity, its location, and what makes it worse or better), appetite, weight loss, tiredness, and other symptoms. A thorough physical exam will focus mostly on the abdomen to check for any masses or fluid buildup. The skin and the white part of the eyes will be checked for jaundice (yellow color). Cancers that block the bile duct may also cause the gallbladder to become enlarged, which can sometimes be felt on physical exam. Pancreatic cancer may spread to the liver, causing it to enlarge.
The cancer can also spread to lymph nodes above the collarbone and other locations. These areas will be looked at carefully for swelling that might indicate spread of a cancer.
- Computed tomography (CT, CAT) scan - The CT scan is an x-ray procedure that produces detailed cross-sectional images of your body. Instead of taking one picture, like a standard x-ray, a CT scanner takes many pictures as it rotates around you. A computer then combines these pictures into images that resemble slices of the part of your body being studied.
Before any pictures are taken, you may be asked to drink 1 to 2 pints of a liquid called oral contrast. This helps outline the intestine so that certain areas are not mistaken for tumors. You may also receive an IV (intravenous) line through which a different kind of contrast dye (IV contrast) is injected. This helps better outline structures in your body.
The injection can cause some flushing (redness and warm feeling that may last hours to days). A few people are allergic to the dye and get hives. Rarely, more serious reactions like trouble breathing and low blood pressure can occur. Medicine can be given to prevent and treat allergic reactions. Be sure to tell the doctor if you have ever had a reaction to any contrast material used for x-rays.
CT scans take longer than regular x-rays. You need to lie still on a table while they are being done. During the test, the table moves in and out of the scanner, a ring-shaped machine that completely surrounds the table. You might feel a bit confined by the ring you have to lie in when the pictures are being taken. CT scans are often used to diagnose pancreatic cancer and are helpful in staging the cancer (determining the extent of its spread). CT scans show the pancreas fairly clearly and often can confirm the location of the cancer. CT scans can also show the organs near the pancreas, as well as lymph nodes and distant organs where the cancer might have spread. The CT scan can help to determine whether surgery is a good treatment option.
CT scans can also be used to guide a biopsy needle precisely into a suspected area of spread. For this procedure, called a CT-guided needle biopsy, the patient remains on the CT scanning table as a radiologist advances a biopsy needle toward the location of the mass. CT scans are repeated until the doctors are sure that the needle is within the mass. A biopsy sample is then removed and looked at under a microscope.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - MRI scans use radio waves and strong magnets instead of x-rays. The energy from the radio waves is absorbed by the body and then released in a pattern formed by the type of body tissue and by certain diseases. A computer translates the pattern into a detailed image of parts of the body. Not only does this produce cross-sectional slices of the body like a CT scanner, it also produces slices that are parallel with the length of the body. A contrast material might be injected just as with CT scans, this but is used less often.
Most doctors prefer CT scans to look at the pancreas, but an MRI may sometimes provide more information. MRI scans are also particularly helpful in looking at the brain and spinal cord.
MRI scans are a little more uncomfortable than CT scans. They take longer -- often up to an hour. You may have to lie inside a narrow tube, which is confining and can upset people with a fear of enclosed spaces. Newer, "open" MRI machines can help with this if needed. The MRI machine makes loud noises that you may find disturbing. Some places provide headphones with music to block this out.
- Positron emission tomography (PET) scan - PET scans involve injecting glucose (a form of sugar) that contains a radioactive atom into the blood. Because cancer cells in the body are growing rapidly, they absorb more of the radioactive sugar than the normal cells. A special camera can then create a picture of areas of radioactivity in the body. The picture is not finely detailed like a CT or MRI scan, but it provides helpful information. This test is useful to see if the cancer has spread to lymph nodes. PET scans are also useful when your doctor thinks the cancer has spread, but doesn't know to where.
PET/CT scans combine a CT scan and a PET scan to even better pinpoint the tumor. This test may be especially useful for spotting cancer that has spread beyond the pancreas and wouldn't be treatable by surgery. It may be a useful test for staging the cancer. It may even be able to spot early cancers.
- Ultrasonography - Ultrasound uses sound waves to produce images of internal organs such as the pancreas. For an abdominal ultrasound, a wand-shaped probe called a transducer is placed on the skin of the abdomen. It emits sound waves and detects the echoes as they bounce off internal organs. The pattern of echoes is processed by a computer to produce an image on a screen.
The echoes made by most pancreatic tumors differ from those of normal pancreas tissue. Different echo patterns can help distinguish some types of pancreatic tumors from one another.
If signs and symptoms indicate that a pancreatic cancer is likely, a CT scan is often more useful than ultrasound for an accurate diagnosis. But if it's not clear whether certain other diseases may account for the patient's signs or symptoms, ultrasound may be done.
Endoscopic ultrasound is more accurate than abdominal ultrasound and is probably the best way to diagnose pancreatic cancer. This test is done with an ultrasound probe that is attached to an endoscope -- a thin, lighted, flexible, fiber optic tube that doctors use to look at the inside of the intestinal tract. Patients are first sedated (given medicine to make them sleepy). The probe is then passed through the mouth or nose, through the esophagus (also known as the "food pipe") and stomach, and into the first part of the small intestine. The probe can then be pointed toward the pancreas, which sits next to the small intestine. The probe is on the tip of the endoscope, so it can get very close to the area where the tumor is to take pictures. This is a very good way to look at the pancreas. It is better than CT scans for spotting small tumors. If a tumor is seen, it can be biopsied during this procedure.
- Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) - For this procedure, an endoscope (a thin, lighted, flexible tube) is passed down the patient's throat, through the esophagus and stomach, and into the first part of the small intestine. The doctor can see through the endoscope to find the ampulla of Vater (the place where the common bile duct is connected to the small intestine). The doctor guides a catheter (a very small tube) from the end of the endoscope into the common bile duct. A small amount of dye (contrast material) is then injected through the tube into the common bile duct and x-rays are taken. This dye helps outline the bile duct and pancreatic duct. The x-ray images can show narrowing or blockage of these ducts that might be due to pancreatic cancer. The doctor doing this test can also put a small brush through the tube to remove cells for a biopsy (to view under a microscope to see whether or not they look like cancer). This procedure is usually done while the patient is sedated.
ERCP can also be used to place a stent (small tube) into the bile duct to keep it open if a nearby tumor is pressing on it. This is described in more detail in the section on palliative surgery.
- Angiography - This is an x-ray procedure for looking at blood vessels. A small amount of contrast material is injected into an artery to outline the blood vessels. After this, x-rays are taken. Angiography can show whether blood flow in a particular area is blocked or compressed by a tumor. It can also show any abnormal blood vessels (feeding the cancer) in the area. This test can be useful in finding out if a pancreatic cancer may have grown through the walls of certain blood vessels. Mainly, it helps surgeons decide whether the cancer can be completely removed without damaging vital blood vessels and helps them plan the operation.
Angiography can be an uncomfortable procedure because the radiologist who performs it has to put a small catheter into the artery leading to the pancreas. Usually the catheter is put into an artery in your inner thigh and threaded up to the pancreas. A local anesthetic is often used to numb the area before inserting the catheter. Then the dye is injected quickly to outline all the vessels while the x-rays are being taken.
Blood tests - Several types of blood tests may be used to help diagnose pancreatic cancer or to help determine treatment options if it is found. Blood tests that look at levels of different kinds of bilirubin (a chemical made by the liver) are useful to decide whether a patient's jaundice is due to a disease of the liver or to blockage (by a gallstone, a tumor, or other disease) of bile flow. Elevated blood levels of the tumor markers CA 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) may point to a diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, but these tests aren't always accurate.
Other blood tests can help evaluate a patient's general state of health (such as liver, kidney, and bone marrow function). These tests can also help determine whether they'll be able to withstand the stress of a major operation.
- Biopsy - A patient's history, physical exam, and imaging test results may strongly suggest pancreatic cancer, but the only way to be sure is to remove a small sample of tumor and look at it under the microscope. This procedure is called a biopsy.
There are several types of biopsies. The procedure used most often to diagnose pancreatic cancer is called a fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy. For this test, a doctor inserts a thin needle through the skin and into the pancreas. The doctor uses CT scan images or endoscopic ultrasonography to view the position of the needle and make sure that it is in the tumor.
Doctors can also biopsy the tumor by using the endoscopic ultrasound to place the needle directly through the wall of the duodenum into the tumor. In either case, small tissue samples can be removed through the needle. The main advantages of the test are that the patient does not require general anesthesia (is not "asleep") during the test, and major side effects are rare.
In the past, surgical biopsies were performed more commonly. This type of biopsy requires a laparotomy (a large incision through the skin into the wall of the abdomen to examine internal organs). Areas that look or feel abnormal can be sampled by removing a small portion of tissue with a scalpel or a needle. The surgeon may use a thin needle (as in a fine needle aspiration biopsy). More commonly, surgeons use a wider needle that removes a cylindrical core of tissue about 1/2 inch long and less than 1/8 inch in diameter (called a core needle biopsy). The main drawback of this type of biopsy is that the patient must have general anesthesia and remain in the hospital for a period of time to recover.
Laparotomy is now rarely recommended. Doctors prefer to use laparoscopy (sometimes called keyhole surgery) as a way of looking at and perhaps taking a piece of the pancreas with a biopsy. Patients are usually sedated for this procedure. The surgeon makes several small incisions in the abdomen and inserts small telescope-like instruments into the abdominal cavity. One of these is usually connected to a video monitor. The surgeon can view the abdomen and see how big the tumor is and whether it has spread, and may take tissue samples as well.
Most doctors who treat pancreatic cancer try to avoid surgery unless imaging tests suggest that an operation might be able to remove all of the visible cancer. Even after doing imaging tests and laparoscopy, there are times when the surgeon begins an operation with the intent of removing the cancer but finds during surgery that it has spread too far to be removed completely. In these cases, a sample of the cancer is taken only to confirm the diagnosis, and the rest of the planned operation is stopped. | <urn:uuid:52fc5559-3b99-49a1-a3a2-85a11e1c9cff> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cancerschmancer.org/articles/how-does-my-doctor-know-i-have-pancreatic-cancer | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00009-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946839 | 3,655 | 3.296875 | 3 |
One thing you want to be careful of is embedded quotes. You might try using ' or " as the delimiter, and eliminating the other for possible entry (using client-side validation of course; the value is destroyed before you'd be able to validate for it on the server side). If you have to allow both ' and ", you could consider using the rarely used "back-apostrophe" (`). You can also try to user Server.HTMLEncode() on the value, before slipping it into the HTML element.
If you do this:
|<... value='<%="foo's bar"%>'>|
This evaluates to:
|<... value='foo's bar'>|
And everything after 'foo' is ignored, because the browser interprets that as the end of the string.
; Logging Options
; Defines what classes of security alerts are logged to the syslog daemon.
; Logging of errors of the class S_MEMORY are always logged to syslog, no
; matter what this configuration says, because a corrupted heap could mean that
; the other logging options will malfunction during the logging process.
; log in /var/log/messages
suhosin.log.syslog = 511
; Defines the maximum number of variables that may be registered through a POST
;suhosin.post.max_vars = 200
suhosin.post.max_vars = 1000
; Defines the maximum number of variables that may be registered through the
; COOKIE, the URL or through a POST request. This setting is also an upper
; limit for the variable origin specific configuration directives.
;suhosin.request.max_vars = 200
suhosin.request.max_vars = 1000 | <urn:uuid:833515f8-3452-4a99-9f82-fe060080a4a3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://shebangme.blogspot.com/2012/02/why-does-my-input-typetext-value-get.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00410-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.779942 | 388 | 1.929688 | 2 |
This water bottle was used in 1889 to collect water from Providence Spring. By then, the war was over, and the water was collected as a souvenir. (The bottle is on display at the Michigan Historical Museum)
It is August 1864. Union prisoners-of-war languish in Camp Sumter, Georgia (also known as Andersonville). The prisoners endure appalling conditions that are steadily getting worse. Shortages across the Confederacy contribute to a severe lack of food and supplies in the prison. Over 30,000 men are crammed into a 26.5-acre space enclosed by a log stockade and the infamous “deadline,” a fence that no prisoner can cross without being shot by the guards.
The site of the prison camp forms a deep “V” with a small creek running through the low point at its center. The creek, a branch of Sweetwater Creek, provides the only water to many of the men living in crude shelters on the land rising on each side. Proper sanitation is almost impossible, and much of the creek has long since become filthy. Though some prisoners have managed to dig wells, ultimately, nearly 13,000 will die of disease and other causes.
To add to the prisoners’ misery that August, a rainstorm strikes that is so heavy, some of the sick men who cannot pick themselves up from the narrow muddy paths are drowned. After the storm passes, the prisoners spot a spring – a clean, clear flow of water – …but it’s on the wrong side of the deadline! Tying their tin cups and cans to sticks they reach over the short fence to slake their thirst. Later, the prisoners get permission for the guards to divert the flow under the deadline. They then name the water flow “Providence Spring.”
The bottle of water seen above is on display at the Michigan Historical Museum. It was collected from Providence Spring in 1889. The Women’s Relief Corps, the national auxiliary of the Grand Army of the Republic, built a monument over the spring in 1901.
To learn more about Michigan’s Civil War history, see the Michigan Historical Museum’s Civil War gallery. You can access an online version, by clicking here: Michigan and The Civil War, 1861-1865 (online gallery). To see it in person, visit Michigan Historical Museum, 702 W. Kalamazoo Street, Lansing MI 48915, (517) 373-3559, TDD (517) 373-1592.
You can find more Civil War treasures in the Archives of Michigan. Click the links below for digital Archives of Michigan collections on Seeking Michigan. | <urn:uuid:2c174acc-469e-41ec-b489-bf71ca98cf7b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://seekingmichigan.org/look/2010/04/13/providence-spring/comment-page-1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00133-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934318 | 543 | 3.5 | 4 |
Are you getting a “You may not be old enough to use Instagram” error and do you want to fix it?
The second part of the error message will be “We’ll disable your account within 30 days if you’re not able to confirm you’re at least 13”.
The last part of the error message is: “After this period, your account will not be recoverable”.
The error message is related to age, either you’ve set your age to below 13 or someone reported you as being under 13.
In some cases, you might face the error even though you’re of age.
In this post, I will tell you how to fix “You may not be old enough to use Instagram” and how long an Instagram appeal takes.
How to Fix “You may not be old enough to use Instagram”
To fix “You may not be old enough to use Instagram”, your task is to complete and submit the “Help Us Verify Your Age” form.
After submitting the form, wait for a few days for Instagram team to review it.
If successful, Instagram will send you an email that your account has been reactivated.
The “Help Us Verify Your Age” form will ask you to attach a photo of your ID.
The ID that you are going to submit needs to be government-issued.
Additionally, your face and date of birth should be visible clearly on the ID.
Just remember that your ID won’t be shown on your profile and the ID will be deleted after 30 days automatically.
ID will be used for the sake of verification purpose only.
Instagram might take time to review your appeal as they are getting a great number of appeals.
Therefore, you need to be patient to wait for several days before you get a response.
Here’s a step by step guide on how to fix “Help Us Verify Your Age” on Instagram:
Step 1. Go to the “Help Us Verify Your Age” form
To get started, you need to visit the “Help Us Verify Your Age” form.
To do so, open a web browser such as Chrome and go to Google’s search engine.
After reaching Google, search for the term “Help Us Verify Your Age”.
Open the search result that shows, “Help Us Verify Your Age” by Instagram.
On the other hand, you can go to the form directly on this URL: https://help.instagram.com/contact/730583250290732.
Here’s an alternate form if the previous one is not working for you: https://help.instagram.com/contact/293397334168432.
Step 2. Provide your information
The “Help Us Verify Your Age” form enables you to verify your age.
Your account is disabled on Instagram because they claim that you’re under 13 years old.
You need to give them your ID to prove that you’re over 13 years old.
First of all, enter your “Full name” into the “Full name” field.
Now, provide your email address in the “Email address” field.
The main point to consider while entering the email address that submit the email that is connected to your Instagram account.
Then, in the “Instagram username” field, enter your Instagram username.
For instance, if your Instagram username is “abcd”, enter “abcd” (without using quotation marks).
Now, you need to give your date of birth.
Just remember that you need to be 13 years old and above in order to use Instagram.
Step 3. Attach your ID
After providing your information, scroll down the form.
Now, the next thing is to provide a photo of a valid ID.
You need to ensure that your ID should have your face and date of birth before you take a photo of it so that Instagram can verify your age.
When you send a copy of your ID to Instagram, it will be encrypted and stored securely.
Additionally, it will not be shown on your profile and your ID will be kept private and will not be visible to friends, or to other people on Instagram.
After 30 days, your ID gets deleted automatically.
Now, capture a photo of your ID, tap on “Choose File”, and choose the photo that you’ve taken of your ID.
A piece of additional information can also be given in the “Any additional info” field.
In the end, tap on “Send” to send the form.
After sending the form, you need to wait for a few days to get response from Instagram.
If successful, you will receive an email from Instagram saying that your account has been reactivated.
How long does an Instagram age appeal take?
An Instagram age appeal typically takes 3-5 days to get a response.
It can take a while to review your appeal due to the overwhelming number of appeals on IG.
Therefore, you have to be patient and wait for several days before you get a response.
The email provided by you will receive a response via the email address.
If successful, Instagram will reactivate your account and send you an email saying that your account has been reactivated.
Otherwise, you might not receive a response and as a result, your account will be disabled after 30 days.
Just remember that if you’re under 13 years old, you cannot use Instagram.
If you don’t have a valid ID card that proves your age over 13 years old, you cannot recover your account.
In this case, the best bet is to create a new Instagram account.
While you’re creating a new Instagram account, keep in mind that you need to set your date of birth to prove that you’re over 13 years old.
That way, you will not get “You may not be old enough to use Instagram” issue on Instagram and your account will not be disabled due to age.
How to Reply to a Specific Instagram Message
Arsalan Rauf is an entrepreneur, freelancer, creative writer, and also a fountainhead of Green Hat Expert. Additionally, he is also an eminent researcher of Blogging, SEO, Internet Marketing, Social Media, premium accounts tips and tricks, etc. | <urn:uuid:86fc1a2a-f747-41a4-80cd-821f4ae32676> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.greenhatexpert.com/not-old-enough-instagram/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.899775 | 1,380 | 1.671875 | 2 |
This The Physics of Flight lesson plan also includes:
- Join to access all included materials
Three activities allow young flight engineers to understand the 4 principles of flight (weight, lift, thrust, and drag), to construct a glider, and to create a propeller. Multicultural history and literature are integrated by reading Laurence Yep's Newbery-winning novel Dragonwings. Exhaustive information about the science of flight, Chinese immigration at the turn of the 20th century, and the Wright Brothers requires time to digest. A nicely integrated set of activities.
- This resource is only available on an unencrypted HTTP website. It should be fine for general use, but don’t use it to share any personally identifiable information | <urn:uuid:c402bb7a-a91e-4c0e-80d0-4aa6750c0ae4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lessonplanet.com/teachers/the-physics-of-flight-4th-6th | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.902524 | 167 | 3.515625 | 4 |
Paul Henri Benjamin Balluet, Baron d’Estournelles de Constant de Rebecque (November 22, 1852 – May 15, 1924), the son of an aristocratic family tracing its ancestry back to the Crusaders, was born at La Flèche in the Sarthe district of the Loire valley. A diplomat and politician, d’Estournelles, immensely energetic, found time to engage in fencing, yachting, and painting, and to pursue a keen interest in the automobile and the airplane after those machines had made their debut.
He attended the Lycée Louis le Grand in Paris, completed his legal studies, received a diploma from the School of Oriental Languages. Entering the diplomatic corps in 1876 as an attaché in the consular department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, d’Estournelles represented France in the next six years in Montenegro, Turkey, The Netherlands, England, and Tunis. Recalled to Paris in 1882, he assumed the assistant directorship of the Near Eastern Bureau of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
D’Estournelles was named chargé d’affaires in London in 1890 and both there and back in Paris helped to avert a possible war between England and France over a conflict of interests in Siam. Reflecting later on those days, in a speech in Edinburgh in 1906, d’Estournelles said he became convinced of the general impotence of those in the diplomatic service and resolved to abandon the «gilded existence of the diplomatist in order to undertake the real struggle… against ignorance» by obtaining an elective seat in the legislature and attempting to remedy the situation in which «the silent majority allow themselves to be persuaded that they know nothing of ‹Foreign Affairs› »1. And so, on May 19, 1895, he began his political career as deputy from Sarthe, elected by the same constituency that had years earlier elected his famous great-uncle, the author Benjamin Constant de Rebecque. Elected senator from the same region in 1904, he held that seat as an active Radical-Socialist until his death.
From the time that he was chosen to serve on the French delegation to the first Hague Peace Conference in 1899, d’Estournelles devoted himself almost exclusively to working for peace and arbitration. At the Peace Conference he led the successful struggle to strengthen the language dealing with arbitration and the court in Article 27 of Convention I, and in 1902 scored a notable success for arbitration when, during a visit to the United States, he was influential in persuading President Theodore Roosevelt to submit a U.S. dispute with Mexico to the Hague Tribunal.
In 1903, d’Estournelles founded a parliamentary group composed of members of the French Chamber and Senate irrespective of party, dedicated to the advancement of international arbitration, and employing as its chief method, the exchange of visits with foreign parliamentarians. A goodwill mission to London under his chairmanship in 1903 – and a return visit to Paris by British parliamentarians – helped pave the way for the Franco-British Entente Cordiale of 1904; a visit to Munich gave birth to the Franco-German Association in 1903. In 1905 at Paris he founded the Association for International Conciliation, with branches abroad.
D’Estournelles’ long-range solution for European problems was a political one – the formation of a European union. But meanwhile he continued to pursue those of a diplomatic and juridical nature – as an active contributor to the work of the Interparliamentary Union, as a member of the French delegation to the second Hague Peace Conference of 1907, as a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration, as president of the European Center of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
During the First World War, d’Estournelles supported the French effort, interesting himself particularly in measures against German submarines and turning his home – the Chateau de Clermont-Créans on the Loire – into a hospital for the wounded. In 1918 he denounced the armistice as meaningless as long as German soldiers remained on French soil. At the same time, however, he continued his campaign for international understanding: he joined Léon Bourgeois (Nobel Peace Prizewinner for 1920) in presenting a plan for the League of Nations to Clemenceau in 1918, and in later years he never ceased trying to bring together parliamentarians of various nations, especially those of France and Germany.
Throughout his career d’Estournelles proved a gifted writer and speaker. He published translations from the classical Greek, as well as a book on Grecian times; wrote a play based on the Pygmalion myth; won the French Academy’s Prix Thérouanne in 1891 with a book on French politics in Tunisia; produced speeches, pamphlets, and articles covering topics that ranged from French politics to feminism, from arbitration to aviation. Possessed of an admirable command of English – helped, no doubt, by his marriage to an American, Daisy Sedgwick-Berend – he made a number of lecture tours in the United States and published in 1913 a comprehensive review entitled Les États-Unis d’Amérique [America and Her Problems]. He became, indeed, a leading French authority on the United States.
D’Estournelles died in Paris in 1924 at the age of seventy-two and was interred in the Père-Lachaise cemetery. Two days after his death, his final speech, commemorating the twenty-fifth anniversary of the first Peace Conference, was read by his son Paul at The Hague.
|À la Mémoire de son président-directeur, d’Estournelles de Constant, 1852-1924. Paris, Centre Européen de la Dotation Carnegie, 1924.|
|d’Estournelles de Constant, P.H.B., America and Her Problems, translated from the French by George A. Raper. New York, Macmillan, 1915. (Les États-Unis d’Amérique, Paris, Colin, 1913.)|
|d’Estournelles de Constant, P.H.B., La Conciliation internationale: Discours prononcé au Palais de Westminster, à Londres, le 22 juillet 1903. La Flèche, 1904.|
|d’Estournelles de Constant, P.H.B., Le Devoir et l’intérêt des États-Unis: Publications de M. d’Estournelles de Constant aux États-Unis. Paris, Delagrave, 1915.|
|d’Estournelles de Constant, P.H.B., La Politique extérieur de La France: Le Respeet des autres races. Paris, Delagrave, 1910.|
|d’Estournelles de Constant, P.H.B., La Politique française en Tunisie: Le Protectorat et ses origines, 1854-1891. Paris, Plon, 1891.|
|d’Estournelles de Constant, P.H.B., Pour la Société des Nations. La Flèche, Dépot des Publications de la Conciliation, 1921.|
|d’Estournelles de Constant, P.H.B., Pygmalion. Paris, 1907.|
|d’Estournelles de Constant, P.H.B., Vie de D. Coray, traduite du grec. Paris, 1887.|
|d’Estournelles de Constant, P.H.B., La Vie de province en Grèce. Paris, 1878.|
|d’Estournelles de Constant, P.H.B., Woman and the Cause of Peace, translated from the French. New York, American Association for International Conciliation, 1911. (Les Femmes et la paix. Paris, Delagrave, 1910.)|
|d’Estournelles de Constant, P.H.B., and David Jayne Hill, The Result of the Second Hague Conference. New York, American Branch of the Association for International Conciliation, 1907.|
|Schou, August, Histoire de l’internationalisme III: Du Congrès de Vienne jusqu’à la première guerre mondiale (1914), pp. 458-461. Publications de l’Institut Nobel Norvégien, Tome VIII. Oslo, Aschehoug, 1963.|
This autobiography/biography was written at the time of the award and first published in the book series Les Prix Nobel. It was later edited and republished in Nobel Lectures. To cite this document, always state the source as shown above.
Their work and discoveries range from the Earth’s climate and our sense of touch to efforts to safeguard freedom of expression.
See them all presented here. | <urn:uuid:abb109d2-d6f0-4a2d-a409-a5fa5a0f370d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1909/balluet/biographical/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.875012 | 1,932 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Many thanks to everyone who have managed to send in a pencil case with their child so far. Please remember, they are keeping it in school, so that we can minimise what is sent between home and school.
They only need in their cases the following:
- a few pencils
- a sharpener
- a rubber
- coloured pencils
- a ruler
Anything else that they might need during the day will be provided by school, e.g. scissors, glue sticks etc. Children will not be sharing resources whenever possible, and those resources which are shared are sanitised after use. | <urn:uuid:3e32472b-c5f1-4005-a983-ebb9806a4f5d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ashleighdarwen.co.uk/news/detail/pencil-cases-for-school/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.975023 | 125 | 1.640625 | 2 |
The piece "Traditional Hang Up" was put on display at Occidental College in October of 1971. It is an assemblage allows Outterbridge to juxtapose diverse materials to achieve a patchwork effect. Disjuncture factors in heavily to any reading of "Traditional Hang-Up" because it sets the tone of irony and hypocrisy that appears in the individual elements of the sculpture. The piece was part of Outterbridge's first assemblage series called the Containment Series. Other works from the Containment Series deal with physical and psychological restriction; many are panels using metal and highlight industrialism. Among those works, "Traditional Hang Up" stands out for its unusual T-shape which resembles a partial crucifix and for its overt politics by incorporating an American flag.
The arrangement of the stars and stripes in the piece creates only a fragmented view of the American flag not an exact imitation. The flag is a piece of steel, rather than the rag or cloth which Outterbridge used in later pieces, which strips it of all the lively animation a flag normally possesses. By changing the nature of the flag, he comments on the representation of African Americans who are not given the opportunity to express themselves as individuals to the same extent as the white majority.
Similarly to the way he saw the flag operating as a tool of deception, Outterbridge viewed the relationship of African-Americans to Christianity as fraught with lies. While in many later works, spirituality is plays an affirmative role, in "Traditional Hang-Up" the crucifix-like shape speaks to Outterbridge's view that Christianity had done as much to justify violence against African-Americans as it had done to provide them spiritual support.
The bottom half of "Traditional Hang-Up" is made from a carved wood, which is filled with figurines that resemble skulls stacked one upon the other. These skulls allude to the mass murder of Africans on trans-Atlantic slave ships and the deaths of so many more black people by the hand of slave owners, lynching mobs, and governmental authorities after reaching American land. The name of the piece and its T-shaped composition extend the reference to murder: the name refers to hanging, and the shape hints at the shape of gallows.
John Outterbridge critiques nationhood and the American flag as false propaganda for a country which has from its genesis instituted governance and spirituality for the purpose of systematically killing and oppressing African Americans. Additionally, a flag left tattered is seen as a sign of disrespect, and this element of "Traditional Hang-Up" implies that murder of African-Americans has brought disgrace to the flag and to the country. This broader understanding of the flag's significance was complimented by Outterbridge's personal experiences with the flag. He enlisted in the army at age 19 and saw many neighbors and friends go serve the American military during his youth. Outterbridge recounts in an interview that he considered the American flag dubious because of its use in support of white supremacy; however, he also expresses pride in the flag’s role in his life and in the many African-Americans he knew to serve under the flag. It often decorated windows of homes in his childhood neighborhood to commemorate family members who died in military service. While "Traditional Hang Up" critiques the flag as a symbol which obscures reality, Outterbridge viewed it as a symbol which can be taken back.
Page created by Vanessa Todd and Allison Wendt in December 2016. | <urn:uuid:d54c75ed-b864-46b3-b886-71289ec2f248> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scalar.usc.edu/works/black-arts-at-oxy/john-outterbridge-traditional-hang-up-1969.12 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.966359 | 697 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Modal verbs worksheet - Exercises
Put the correct modal verb in its correct form combined with the verb in brackets to make deductions. In questions one to 6, try to use a different modal verb in each situation.
Situation : There are five milk bottles on their front door step.
1. They ____________________ (forget) to cancel their milk deliveries.
2. They ____________________ (wake up) yet.
3. There ____________________ (be) some guests staying with them.
Situation : His coat is on the floor.
4. He ____________________ (drop) it.
5. It ____________________ (be) his coat.
6. There ____________________ (be) some logical reason for it!
Put the correct modal verb in its correct form into the gaps.
7. He was very strong; he ____________________ ski all day and dance all night.
8. We ____________________ to borrow umbrellas; so we didn't get wet.
9. I was so far from the stage that I ____________________ see very well.
10. He sees very badly; he ____________________ wear glasses all the time.
11. NOTICE: All dogs ____________________ kept on leads!
12. Farmers ____________________ get up early.
13. You ____________________ drive fast; there is a speed limit here.
14. We ____________________ drive fast; we have plenty of time.
15. They ____________________ get up early; they were on holiday.
Complete these sentences in an appropriate way.
16. I left my bicycle here and now it's gone.
Someone ____________________ (steal) it.
17. I bought two bottles of milk.
You ____________________ (buy) milk; we have loads in the fridge.
18. I have just watered the roses.
You ____________________ (water) them. Look, it's raining now!
Back to modal verbs worksheet
Back to grammar worksheets | <urn:uuid:73534c74-c2c4-4ab4-bd97-0d797c4054e7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.vivquarry.com/wkshts/modalex.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00315-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.898227 | 430 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Venture Capital Drawn to Freewebs
Monday, April 9, 2007
Haroon Mokhtarzada has always been an entrepreneur. Growing up Silver Spring, he set up lemonade stands, hosted magic shows and started a neighborhood lawn-mowing business.
During the rise of the Internet, he was fascinated by the proliferation of Web sites and social networks. Someday, he predicted, everyone would have his own Web site to stake a personal claim on the ever-expanding net.
It wasn't until after the dot-com bubble burst that Haroon and his brother Zeki started putting together the business plan for their own start-up. In 2001, when they were both in their last year at the University of Maryland at College Park, they bought a few servers from failed Internet firms, invested $1,000 each and launched Freewebs, a company that helps people build their own Web sites.
Part social network and part Web site publisher, Freewebs gives its 15 million users access to nifty content they can add to their personal pages, where they can also keep blogs and post photos. The company now has more than 18 million unique visitors a month, 40 employees scattered across three states and $11 million in venture-capital financing. Every day, about 20,000 people sign up to build a Web site.
Growth was much more modest six years ago, when the Mokhtarzada brothers were starting out -- each day brought only two or three new users. But their youngest brother, Idris, who was 14 at the time, surprised them: He secretly added Freewebs to Google's registry, which caused the site to pop up more frequently in search results.
"All of a sudden, a lot more people started to sign up," Haroon said. "We weren't even ready to launch."
But there was no turning back. A few months later, on graduation day, Haroon and Zeki, 28, ran over to a campus computer lab to check how many people had signed up that day, discovering a record number: 34. "That was so much more exciting than graduation," Haroon said.
A year later, Haroon went to Harvard for law school and Zeki got a job at the National Institutes of Health, both working on the business part-time.
"The great thing about the Internet is that it runs itself," said Haroon, 27. "People can be building sites and advertisers can even pay you while you're sleeping."
By 2005, Freewebs was making enough money that the brothers could make it their full-time jobs. West Coast venture capitalists tried to persuade them to move to Silicon Valley. But Mokhtarzadas wanted to stay close to their roots. In August 2006, they closed a $11 million deal with local firms Novak Biddle Venture Partners and Columbia Capital.
Idris, now 20, jumped in full-time. Another brother, Yahya, 23, recently opened a one-man Freewebs branch in Palo Alto, Calif., in the building where Google and PayPal began. (It's known as the "lucky building.")
And they made a few other strategic hires. The firm's president, Shervin Pishevar, who also grew up in Silver Spring, had worked with Zeki on another Internet venture in the late '90s. Last summer, Freewebs hired Andrea Spiegel and Rick Robinson, both former AOL executives. Liddy Manson, a former vice president of Washingtonpost-Newsweek Interactive, became chief operating officer in January.
Today the company does more than host free Web sites for people. It recently began building widgets -- mini-Web sites people can paste into their blogs, profiles or Web pages. It's working with such clients as Adidas, Reebok, Cingular Wireless and New Line Cinema.
"You can't hold customers hostage to your site," Manson said. "You have to open it up and let people take the content with them. But companies are nervous about that because they think it takes value away from their actual Web sites."
As the company grows, the brothers said, they try to remember their slow start. Haroon keeps a printout of the company's first home-page design taped by his desk, and he scrawled the words "Still CEO!" next to the door to his office.
"I still can't believe it," he said. | <urn:uuid:8888c548-6772-4097-9085-3443c13a59de> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/08/AR2007040800909.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00264-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978809 | 913 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Posted July 13, 2011 by Dr. Steve Suppan
The Codex Alimentarius Commission is an overlooked international body with representatives of 136 governments, about 100 food industry associations, several intergovernmental organizations, and a smattering of consumer and other nongovernmental organizations. Codex food standards are recognized by the World Trade Organization (WTO) as authoritative, so seemingly small matters of wording in a standard often can have major international trade consequences. The Codex has a duel (and often conflicting) mandate to protect consumer health, as well as to write standards that facilitate international trade.
A standing item of contention on the Codex Committee on Food Labeling (CCFL) for two decades has been whether or not to recommend to the commission the adoption of a labeling standard for foods with genetically modified ingredients. The United States and several other exporting countries of genetically modified organisms (or “foods derived from modern biotechnology” in the Codex terminology) had opposed any labeling of GMOs as “misleading even if true.” The justification for opposition was that even though governmental adoption of any Codex standard is voluntary, the adoption of a GM labeling standard would become an unfair trade barrier. However, at a June 16 meeting, the U.S. Codex Office announced that it would not oppose the adoption of a Codex guidance on the voluntary labeling of GMOs.
On July 5, Consumers International (CI) welcomed the commission’s adoption of a text to allow voluntary labeling of GMO products. IATP likewise congratulates the commission for deciding to allow governments to inform consumers of what they are eating with less fear of WTO-authorized trade retaliation. This is no small victory for consumers. However, The Codex text did not support the mandatory labeling that CI and IATP have sought. (The final labeling text and report of the July 4–9 commission meeting have yet to be posted on the Codex web site.) Governments that choose to label genetically modified commodities or foods with GMOs will be able to justify such labeling as a risk-management tool. For example, consumers who may suffer allergic reactions to GMOs, will now have the opportunity to identify what food or foods may have triggered their reactions. Such identification may aid medical personnel to speed the recovery of food allergy patients and GMO labeling will help enable them to avoid future allergic reactions.
For the implementation of GMO labeling to avoid a WTO trade dispute over an alleged unfair trade barrier, the labeling will have to apply to both imported GMOs and domestically grown or produced GMO food products. Nevertheless, the question arises, why did the U.S. government and the agricultural biotechnology industry it has served for more than two decades decide to allow the voluntary labeling guidance to be adopted?
There are at least three main reasons for the decision to allow adoption of Codex labeling guidance. First, and self-evidently, because the labeling is voluntary and not mandatory, the U.S. government and U.S. companies will not have to adopt the standard. The U.S. government and industry-presumed commercial advantage to not label exports of GMO agricultural products will be maintained.
Secondly, the biotechnology industry continues to set U.S. agricultural trade policy through the revolving door that has remained spinning in the Obama administration. For example, on March 31, Sharon Bomer Lauritsen, vice president for agriculture and food of the Biotechnology Industry Organization, was named to serve as an assistant U.S. Trade Representative in its Office of Agricultural Affairs. She will report to another former biotech industry official, Isi Siddiqui, the chief U.S. agricultural trade negotiator. Governments that adopt Codex voluntary guidance for U.S. GMO exports could find their own export prospects diminished through both tariff and non-tariff trade barriers without the bother and expense of a WTO trade dispute.
Thirdly, and perhaps least obvious, U.S. food import controls continue to be weak, as confirmed by a mid-June report by the Inspector General of the Food and Drug Administration. U.S. importers have little liability to worry about in the event of a food product recall, whether or not GMO, because of the food industry’s and FDA’s weak food recall capacity. Gathering evidence to determine the locus of liability for foodborne illness requires a strong food traceability and recall system. Neither the food industry nor the U.S. Congress has supported paying for such a system.
These reasons and more should not overshadow the victory that consumer organizations have won in gaining for consumers the right to know what they are consuming. But neither should the scope of the victory be over-estimated. The implementation of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture have been stymied by U.S. diplomatic efforts on behalf of the biotech industry, industry “seed purity” initiatives and World Bank loan program incentives to adopt GMOs as the platform for a “Second Green Revolution.”
If the adoption of GMO labeling is restricted to European Union member states, which are now under huge pressure from the European Commission to end its “zero tolerance” policy for so-called “low incidence” of GMOs in nominally non-GMO imports, then the victory of the biotech industry will be sweet. Consumers will have to swallow whatever agribusiness serves up in imported commodities and food—labeling, and consumers' right to know, be damned. | <urn:uuid:b41f9c60-75fa-488b-8db1-4bdf040bf966> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.iatp.org/blog/201107/the-gmo-labeling-fight-at-the-codex-alimentarius-commission-how-big-a-victory-for-consum | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00497-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947008 | 1,115 | 2.953125 | 3 |
April 30, 2000
Nick Tosches' book on Sonny Liston recreates the 1950's boxing scene.
First Chapter: 'The Devil and Sonny Liston'
By VINCENT PATRICK
THE DEVIL AND SONNY LISTON
By Nick Tosches.
Illustrated. 266 pp. Boston:
Little, Brown & Company. $24.95.
rom its beginnings in England in the early 18th century, boxing -- the ''sweet science of bruising'' -- not surprisingly has drawn to its ranks a tough bunch, not only as principals but as managers, trainers, promoters and, in the United States at least, those who carry no job description but somehow have their fingers deep in the pie. The fighters come almost exclusively from dirt-poor backgrounds; they are undereducated young men for whom success brings riches and adulation (especially true of the heavyweights), whereas failure results in what Budd Schulberg so aptly described as ''a one-way ticket to Palookaville.'' Had Joe Louis, a 20th-century sports icon, failed at boxing, there is every reason to believe he would have spent his life hammering hubcaps onto cars at the end of a Detroit assembly line. Yet nearly all the successful practitioners of this brutal sport are, unexpectedly, gentle fellows out of the ring. The exceptions, perhaps because of their rarity, are abhorred by the public. Sonny Liston was, notably, one of those exceptions.
Charles L. Liston, grandson of a freed slave, was born in Arkansas, probably in 1929, though he generally gave his birth date as 1932. His corpse carried welts from his early years, when he was put in the fields full time at the age of 8 by a father of whom he would later say, ''The only thing my old man ever gave me was a beating.'' He made his way to St. Louis in the late 1940's, unable to read or write, and discovered, as Nick Tosches puts it in his intensively researched book ''The Devil and Sonny Liston,'' that ''it was easier to rob folks than it was to chop cotton.'' In 1950 he began a five-year sentence at the Missouri State Penitentiary and emerged 29 months later as a feared, devastating boxer, paroled to Frank Mitchell, a pillar of the black community in St. Louis, who owned a small stable of fighters. Liston quickly won the Golden Gloves heavyweight championship, then turned professional, acquiring a succession of managers of record so lengthy that he lost track of who owned what pieces of him. Mitchell was fronting for John Vitale, a local organized-crime figure who delivered Liston into the hands of the behind-the-scenes sovereign power of boxing, Frankie Carbo, a ''well-mannered, well-dressed and deadly'' man whose past offenses included murder and with power enough to have delivered a shot at the middleweight title to Jake LaMotta in exchange for his throwing a 1947 fight with Billy Fox. It was a corrupt but orderly world. The corruption surprised no one because big money is bet on big fights, scoring is more subjective than even in Olympic ice skating or diving and, since it's an individual sport, an outright fix needs only the acquiescence of the losing fighter.
During his rise through the heavyweight ranks Liston overcame none of his criminal predilections. He drew nine months in the St. Louis workhouse after taking away a police officer's gun, putting seven stitches in his face and breaking his leg. Frank Mitchell said of him: ''He's kind of mean, too. He hates policemen; they hate him.'' Much of Liston's trouble stemmed from alcohol; the more he drank, the more he got in trouble. Yet in the ring he couldn't be stopped. By the end of 1961 he was the No. 1 contender for the heavyweight title, with a record of 34 wins, 23 by knockout, and one loss. About the same time, however, Estes Kefauver's Senate hearings investigating corruption in boxing paraded Liston's unsavory conduct before the public. He was further demonized by his stark contrast with the gentlemanly reigning champion, Floyd Patterson, who was beloved, as Joe Louis had been, by both blacks and whites. Liston would say: ''A boxing match is like a cowboy movie. There's got to be good guys, and there's got to be bad guys. . . . The bad guys are supposed to lose. I change that. I win.'' Patterson said of Liston, ''There's a little bit of good in everybody.'' When told of that comment, Liston simply said: ''I'll kill him. I'd like to run over him in a car.'' He took the title from Patterson in 1962 in two minutes and six seconds. In the rematch the next year, to vicious booing, he beat Patterson in two minutes and twenty-three seconds.
The best-known fights of Sonny Liston's career were the two championship bouts with Muhammad Ali, the first of which, in 1964, he lost sitting on his stool at the beginning of the seventh round, claiming a numbness in his arm. By then, Liston owned only 10 percent of himself, and the fight was so suspect that the Nevada State Boxing Commission would not allow the 1965 rematch to be held in Las Vegas. Many other locales also would not give their approval; the second championship fight was held at a schoolboys' hockey arena in Lewiston, Me. Tosches refers to Liston's being knocked out in the first round, by what would become known as the ''phantom punch,'' as ''not merely a fix . . . it was a flaunted fix.'' He presents strong evidence to bolster that contention.
Like ''Dino,'' Tosches' biography of Dean Martin, ''The Devil and Sonny Liston'' is a carefully researched biography of a man who so effectively closed himself off to the world that no one ever got truly close to him. Dean Martin and Sonny Liston had something else in common. Tosches described Martin as a menefreghista; he did as he pleased in any situation, no matter the consequences, because he simply didn't give a damn. Liston fit that description as well. Tosches has a talent for getting inside the skin of such men, as he does for drawing out meaty stories from the denizens of shadowy worlds -- neither an easy task.
He also gives us a bigger story than that of Sonny Liston, placing him in the context of his time with respect to both the corrupt world of boxing in the 1950's and the racial landscape of America from the early 1930's until Liston's wife discovered his dead body in their Las Vegas home on Jan. 5, 1971. Tosches' writing style is also unusual enough in biography to warrant mention; he is willing to adopt an authorial voice that uses the rough street language of his subject, and when he does, in pages-long asides that read like the author's stream of consciousness, the prose sizzles -- hard, tough writing suited to a hard, tough subject.
Vincent Patrick's most recent novel is ''Smoke Screen.''
Return to the Books Home Page | <urn:uuid:1ccb0c36-ef6a-4ddc-8237-bb6027ee98d9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nytimes.com/books/00/04/30/reviews/000430.30patrict.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00392-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974905 | 1,486 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Readers who wear spectacles will be familiar with the benefits of distorting lenses to compensate for eyesight deficiencies. I count myself in that large group. Yet folk often worry about painting such distortion effects, when they should be licking their lips at the fun you can have.
If photographic realism is the goal, then good reference is always going to be the best way to go. But this isn't the approach that I want to take with this question. Access to some lenses to peer through will definitely help, though.
Convex lenses tend to magnify, while concave do the reverse. The fun begins when the curvature and/or lens thickness vary, so that objects may be magnified or reduced more in the centre, compared to the edges. It depends on the strength of the particular lens.
Each has its own specific focal length that can mean objects appear fuzzy or sharply focused, depending on how far from the lens it is. These variables are what make things interesting. If you really want to go to town you can play with reflections on the lens surface, scratches, dust and imperfections. But it's best to master the basics first.
01. Sketch it out
Working in ArtRage, I sketch out a scene that features several lenses operated by a girl naturalist, who's using a head rig to inspect the undergrowth. I put her centre stage in the foreground so that the lenses aren't too small. I also overlap them for more potential fun. Think Johnny Depp conducting the autopsy in Sleepy Hollow, without the blood.
02. Plan without distortion
I rough in my garden scene, placing frames for the lenses, but avoid attempting distortions yet, apart from the large lens at the front of the composition. I know more or less what I want in that one already. For the rest I imagine that the frames have no glass in at all. I want to understand what distortion-free objects will be behind the bits of glass first.
03. Add in some detail
My process tends to involve line-work over blocks of solid colour, with washes overlaid for tone and interest. I establish a light source and consolidate things a bit more, to understand how the light will be hitting the frames. They need to read properly, so that the lenses look realistic. My hand-drawn ellipses are far from perfect, but suit the style of the piece.
04. Time to distort
Once it's progressed more to set the forms, I can play about with the level of distortion. I do this on layers above. I darken the edges of some lenses with watercolour washes, then contrast a sharply focused finger with a blurry arm behind in the big lens. I bend her glasses frame seen through another. It's just a case of playing around until you produce an effect you like.
Artist's secret: Use colour sets
ArtRage, like many other painting programs, offers the ability to save colour sets per image. If you need the set for a sequence of images, why not save colours to the toolbox panel so that they're easily accessible with your chosen brushes?
Words: Nick Harris
English artist Nick moved across to a digital canvas in 2000 after 18 years working with traditional methods. He works mainly on children’s illustrations for books.
This article originally appeared in ImagineFX magazine issue 114.
Like this? Try these... | <urn:uuid:4c302575-705e-43a6-94b2-d8ee0485030f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.creativebloq.com/digital-art/how-create-effect-magnifying-glass-61515192 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00239-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946471 | 696 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Law Council calls for mandatory sentencing to be dropped for alcohol-related offences on 25th anniversary of Aboriginal Deaths in Custody Royal Commission
The Law Council of Australia will tell a Senate inquiry into the need for a nationally-consistent approach to alcohol-fuelled violence today that mandatory minimum penalties for alcohol-fuelled violence offences should be repealed.
The peak body for Australian lawyers emphasised that mandatory sentencing is not effective as a deterrent or consistent with rule of law principles. Alternate approaches could, for example, include tougher maximum sentences, targeted diversion or justice reinvestment.
However the Law Council’s president, Stuart Clark AM, said the capacity of judges to exercise discretion was critical and cited the recent case of an Irish tourist who punched his brother in Sydney as an example of the danger ‘one-size-fits-all’ nature of mandatory sentencing.
“This case serves as a salient wake-up call for the perverse outcomes mandatory sentencing can create,” Mr Clark said.
“If Barry Lyttle had been just a little more intoxicated and if his brother had died in hospital, we would have seen an automatic sentence of eight years in prison. How would such an outcome have served the community?
“Mandatory sentencing undermines central principles of our justice system. It can actually create greater law and order problems, because we know that imprisonment can increase the chances of an individual engaging in more serious criminal acts down the track.
“Opposing mandatory sentencing does not mean being ‘soft on crime.’ Harsher maximum sentences can be introduced, but allowing judges room to examine the unique circumstances of a case is vital. Exercising judgement is what judges are there for.”
Mr Clark also noted that mandatory sentencing for alcohol-related offences — as well as more broadly — was having a devastating effect on Australia’s Indigenous imprisonment crisis.
“It is 25 years to the day since the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody shocked the nation with its findings and things are now much, much worse,” Mr Clark said.
“Whereas Indigenous Australians were seven times more likely to find themselves behind bars than their fellow citizens in 1991, today they are 14 times more likely. We have to open our eyes to the effect mandatory sentencing is having on this shameful national crisis.
“COAG should work toward a national agreement on alcohol-fuelled violence; and needs to establish a new National Indigenous Law and Justice Framework, setting out and funding an effective intergovernmental response to Indigenous crime and imprisonment.
“The rapid increase in prison rates since the 25th Anniversary of the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody requires urgent intergovernmental action, starting with removal of mandatory sentencing laws.”
Anil Lambert (media) // M. 0416 426 722 // E. firstname.lastname@example.org | <urn:uuid:b6e262b1-5caf-4c9c-a2dd-cb1fa2256a15> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lawsocietywa.asn.au/news/law-council-calls-for-mandatory-sentencing-to-be-dropped-for-alcohol-related-offences-on-25th-anniversary-of-aboriginal-deaths-in-custody-royal-commission/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.949138 | 595 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Are you being sexually harassed? Any time another employee makes sexual comments or gestures, sexual advances or asks for sexual favors against your wishes, you are being discriminated against. Sexual harassment occurs in many different ways. These can include offensive jokes, crude writing on clothing, uninvited comments, and inappropriate banter. Other examples involve touching by a co-worker, patting, rubbing the back, and blocking another employee’s movements. Undesirable flirting, requesting dates, posting sexual pictures, and sending explicit emails are forms of harassment. Even playing suggestive music and displaying lewd objects and posters falls into this category.
Know your Rights
If you believe that you may be the victim of sexual harassment in the workplace, you are not alone. However, there are steps that you can take to protect yourself. It helps to find out what your rights are by speaking with a qualified lawyer. It helps to know what you are legally permitted to do, for example,if you can recordor tape a co-worker who is bothering you. It also helps to confide in someone you trust, who can support you during the process, and accompany you if you choose to filea police report. If you do decide to press charges or confront an employer, it helps to understand your rights.
Registering a Complaint
Typically, if you voice a harassment claim to another employee, your boss, or to a Human Resources (HR) representative, an investigation into the charges should follow immediately. As an employee, you are obligated to report any inappropriate behavior involving misconductright away. Keep in mind that sexual harassment even occurs between employees of the same sex. The perpetrator can be your boss, manager, client, co-worker, peer, supplier, or a salesperson. Anyone who is associated with you at your place of employment may be cited for sexual harassment. Moreover, any employee who witnesses sexual harassment can voice a complaint.
Reporting and Investigating a Complaint
Your employer needs to listen to your complaint, validate your claim, and follow up with an investigation. Furthermore, following the investigation of the harassment complaint, no retaliation is permitted, in spite of the outcome. The employee who registered a complaint may not be treated any differently than he or she was before the concern was filed. If, on the other hand, the person filing the claim lied, disciplinary action needs to be taken.
Finally, if you are aware that one of your supervisors is involved in a sexual relationship with another employee, you can file sexual harassment charges if your employer’s behavior appears to show preferential treatment toward his or her lover.
Most companies have harassment policies available in writing and following company protocol often helps to resolve the matter. Employees are advised to tell the person who is harassing the employee to stop. They need to say that their actions are unwelcome and uninvited. However, there are times when legal action is necessary, and it is essential that you know your rights! | <urn:uuid:fc3fc29f-f06a-4658-86d4-ef4851f7244f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.makemoneyinlife.com/sexual-harassment-in-the-workplace.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00216-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961641 | 597 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Hackathons have swept through the tech industry, and have been used to quickly find innovative solutions in software, gaming and apps.
Could a hackathon ever be used to solve a conservation challenge?
To use one example: could coders, designers and project managers – many of whom with no conservation experience – develop solutions to address fisheries management?
That’s not a hypothetical situation. It is the premise behind the Fishackathon, a recently held hackathon event hosted by the U.S. Department of State, in which participants spent a weekend trying to develop solutions for fisheries management.
It was held in conjunction with the Our Oceans Conference hosted by Secretary of State John Kerry.
“These events are a lot of fun and have solved a lot of technological problems, but they have not really addressed social issues, let alone nature conservation,” says Matt Merrifield, director of GeoDesign for The Nature Conservancy in California, and a participant in the Fishackathon.
Hackathons are events where computer programmers and others gather to intensively develop solutions to a problem. It is, essentially a “hack marathon” (and as participants are quick to point out, “hack” in this case means “playful, exploratory programming”).
These events have become a form of sport for programmers – they get together and code up solutions in a set venue, and challenge each other to innovate. They’re characterized by sleep deprivation and lots and lots of caffeine.
The Fishackathon addressed one of the most vexing problems in conservation: how to track illegal fishing through the supply chain and make fishing more sustainable. It poses special challenges because there are limited data for many of the world’s fisheries.
Merrifield participated in the Silicon Valley Fishackathon, held at the Monterey Bay Aquarium. He knew well how fisheries problems were often addressed by professional conservationists: they studied the problem, they published a paper, they developed a plan around it.
That approach takes, at minimum, three years.
Entering the aquarium, he realized he had less than three days. Thirty-six hours, to be exact.
Thirty-six hours to solve a problem that routinely stumps professional marine planners.
And most of his fellow participants had never dealt with fisheries management. What could they realistically accomplish?
He was assigned to a team and provided a real fisheries challenge. In his case, it was addressing illegal fishing in Ghana.
Immediately, it became apparent that this was not your typical conservation meeting. “The group was very, very young and diverse,” he says. “Conservationists talk all the time about engaging new audiences. This was new audience. And they were savvy, driven and hungry for solutions.”
The groups began on Friday evening. Merrifield’s team immediately set to work on how to track and monitor illegal fishing based on a problem statement developed by Ghana fisheries managers. Around the aquarium, other groups tackled similar problems.
“We worked until 1 or 2 in the morning,” says Merrifield. “I probably got 5 hours of sleep the entire weekend. We had food, we had lots of Red Bull. We could wander around the aquarium. The World Cup was on in the background. It was an energizing atmosphere.”
The teams competed on who could develop the best solution. “I was the only conservationist from an NGO in the room,” says Merrifield. “But I run a map and design shop for the Conservancy. I love to just get in there and do some coding, so it was a lot fun.”
But just as importantly, did the team develop solutions?
Merrifield’s team developed ShipWatch, a way for citizens to report illegal fishing using Instagram. They tag pictures with a specific hashtag, allowing officials to track trawlers using illegal practices.
The idea earned his team runner-up honors for the region, and team members will discuss the idea with Ghanian officials to determine if it can be implemented in the near future.
“Overall, there were some mind-blowing solutions presented after 36 hours, developed by people who knew nothing about the issue at the beginning,” says Merrifield. “There were several viable options that could make a difference in fisheries management.”
As Merrifield notes, everyone knows the tech industry works fast and rewards innovation. But so often, fields like conservation have struggled with how to engage tech’s brightest stars. A hackathon is thus more than a fun weekend: it’s a way to bring fresh, new ideas to the field. And quickly.
“The Fishackathon harnessed skills and different viewpoints that we need in conservation,” says Merrifield. “The tech industry makes huge gains when it uses hackathons to address problems in gaming, for instance. This did the same for conservation, and it’s getting new people involved in our field in a fun, energizing way.” | <urn:uuid:5beb64be-3212-4654-b047-884525119794> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blog.nature.org/science/2014/07/28/hackathon-fish-conservation-innovative-technology/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00053-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970375 | 1,067 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Variations in Cenozoic volcanism in the Western United States correlate rather closely with changes in tectonic setting: intermediate-composition rocks and their associated differentiates were erupted through orogenic or fairly stable crust, whereas basaltic or bimodal basalt-rhyolite suites were erupted later-concurrently with crustal extension and normal faulting. Lower and middle Cenozoic continental lavas, erupted onto postorogenic terranes, are predominantly intermediate types (andesite to rhyodacite), commonly with closely associated more silicic ash-flow sheets. Compositional zonations in individual ash-flow sheets, from rhyolite upward into quartz latite, record magmatic differentiation in underlying batholithic source chambers. The intermediate lavas probably represent the greater part of these batholiths and the ash-flow tuffs their differentiated tops. Continental volcanic activity of this type was most voluminous in the northwestern United States in Eocene time, but shifted southward in the Oligocene; contemporaneous sea-floor basalts occur in the Oregon-Washington coast ranges. Largely intermediate-composition calc-alkalic igneous suites, that become more alkalic toward the continental interior, are characteristic of most of the North and South American cordilleran belt. Similar volcanic associations are forming now around most of the Pacific margin where continental plates override oceanic crust along active subduction systems, marked by Benioff seismic zones and oceanic trenches. A similar subduction mechanism probably operated in the Western United States until late Cenozoic time. Analogy with chemical variations across active island arcs suggest that early and middle Cenozoic subduction occurred along two subparallel imbricate zones that dipped about 20 degrees eastward. The western zone emerged at the continental margin, but the eastern zone was entirely beneath the continental plate, partly coupled to the western zone below the low-velocity layer. Predominantly intermediate-composition volcanism persisted throughout the Western United States until the initial intersection of North America with the East Pacific rise started the progressive destruction of the subduction system. | <urn:uuid:5adc44f5-b8ec-40fa-942c-128db66f9d33> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/271/1213/217 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00473-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928962 | 437 | 2.953125 | 3 |
To design a wind rose perfectly oriented with respect to a specific location, a circumference was traced and a gnomon stylus positioned in its center. In the course of a day the shadow cast by the gnomon would touch the circumference two times, once in the morning and once in the evening. Using a divider centered on the two tangent points with an opening equal to the distance between them, two arcs were drawn. The two arcs intersected at a third point which, joined to the base of the gnomon, furnished the north-south orientation. By removing the gnomon and centering the divider on each of the intersections of this line with the circumference and an opening equal to the distance between the two points, two further arcs were drawn. The straight line connecting their intersection with the center of the circumference provided the east-west line.
Because it is generated by the shadow of the gnomon, the resultant design of the wind rose appears reversed with respect to the familiar representation of the cardinal points. The south is seen at the top, and from this direction originates the southern wind called Auster. From the bottom comes the northern wind, called the Tramontana. The left indicates the east, source of the wind called Levante. From the right, coming from the west, is the Ponente. To make it more readable, we rotate the image to put north at the top and trace out the intermediate winds.
Centering the divider on the east and south points with an opening equal to their reciprocal distance, two arcs are drawn. The line starting from the intersection between the two arcs and passing through the center indicates on one side the southeastern wind, the Sirocco, and opposite the Maestro or Mistral, the wind coming from the northwest. Proceeding in the same manner with points south and west, we obtain the southwesterly wind called the Libeccio, and, from the northeast, the Gregale. Completing the subdivisions of the circumference results in the half- and quarter-winds, a total of thirty-two points on the wind rose.
Limited to the eight major winds, the wind rose was used not only for navigation but also in architecture in the orientation of buildings. The entire conformation of thirty-two points, associated with the magnetic needle, became the principal instrument used to orient sailors on the open sea. | <urn:uuid:0fae0774-5244-4de5-b523-85783549b91b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mostre.museogalileo.it/framauro/en/land-and-sea-m/the-wind-rose.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.951859 | 487 | 3.765625 | 4 |
Obviously a lot is going to depend on the exact position, but I'm asking if there are any general signposts - e.g. bishops usually get better than knights if the position is open, or in an endgame, but I can't say the same about Q vs 3 minors.
The queen does a good job when there are a lot of weaknesses to attack, especially if the opponent's king is out in the open, so there are a lot of options for double attacks.
The pieces are generally stronger if they can coordinate and the king is still relatively safe. Earlier in the game that's usually the case.
A lot depends on whether there are other pieces involved and the pawn structure.
If you mean positions with Q alone vs three minor pieces then relative king safety comes into play. The side with the Q tries to expose the opponents king and harass it.
The Q alone side may need to create connected passed pawns to make progress since the pieces should easily cope with a single passed pawn by twice covering the square in front of the passed pawn.
However, the side with three pieces may need to only create a single passed pawn to create winning chances.
Also, the three pieces side would find it easier to create fortress type positions at least to avoid defeat.
Personally, I would prefer to play the three pieces for the previous two reasons.
But (there's always a but!) in blitz time formats I would prefer the Q!
(As an aside, I once drew a strong IM in a regular tournament game with only two pieces v Q and equal pawns by setting up a fortress.)
I don't have a chess database but someone who does may be able to research positions with just Q vs three minor pieces and provide some statistics.
Generally speaking the queen is going to be better when the opponent's king is exposed to checks and/or when the position is "loose" ie pieces and pawns hanging, pawn weaknesses etc.
If the side without the queen can hold the position together and push a passed pawn there isn't really anything the queen can do.
According to the Syzygy tablebase, the position is likelier to be winning for the queen than for the minor pieces.
in KQ v KBBN, 48.9% of positions are wins for KQ, a further 2.3% are frustrated wins for KQ, 26.2% are dsrawn, and 22.6% are wins for BBN. (Frustrated wins are positions which are theoretically won, but in practice drawn because the defending side can get a 50-move draw.)
in KQ v KBNN, 49.7% of positions are wins for KQ, 30.4% are dsrawn, and 19.9% are wins for BNN.
in KQ v KNNN, 38.3% of positions are wins for KQ, 27.8% are dsrawn, and 13.8% are wins for NNN.
Please see in action the famous games from the grandmasters demonstrating the combat dynamics of a Queen versus three minor pieces. No English language can explain the entire dynamics. You must see it for your self.
For me I belive that the Queen is worth 3 pieces for a variety of reasons,
It combines the functionality of the Rook and the Bishop, the Bishop, which act like snipers in the early-mid game, are very valuable, because of their sniper-like capability, whereas the rook is bad in the early stages of the game, because the board is crammed usually, conversely, in the Endgame, Rooks are better, because they allow you to occupy an area and put up a wall that the king cannot cross, by the definition of a bishop, since they are on a single color diagonal, it requires 2 Bishops to create an inescapable wall for the king, the Queen provides for both of these, by being able to snipe pieces on the outskirts with its bishopesque range, and it can wall of sections of the board at the endgame because it can cross multiple colors like the rook
This is more of an extension of the last point, but its your main offensive tool, overall, Rooks are best in the Endgame, Bishops and Knights are great in the Mid game, but the Queen can function almost anywhere, they also exceed in their ability I call the "Royal Attack" because of its long Range, devastating attacks and multitude of directions, it is often used to attack 3 or more pieces at one, where as the Knight can fork but not pin pieces, and the bishop can not fork but can pin pieces, the Queen combines all the functionality into 1, therefore in most situations, if you lose your queen, unless it was a mistake on you opponents move, thus leading to a delayed trade, or mate, its usually time to resign as most of you offense is gone
The Queen is also great at counter-attack, for example in this trap from the Queens Gambit:
- d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 d5 5. Qa4+ Kf8 6. Qxb4+ Ke8
I am presuming things such as pawns, bishops and knights count as minor pieces for what my answer will be.
Queen > 3 Minor Pieces
In the case that there is a way that you could get a checkmate, but you need to make a risk with what your opponent will notice and what he/she won't notice. You could try to put 3 pieces to get your opponent to take those helping you to get your checkmate. Then there is the case for AI which takes every place into consideration. For AI it would have to be pawns or perhaps making it be that your opponent is forced to take certain pieces.
For the second for AI 'forcing your opponent to take certain pieces' with that I mean that they are in a check or that piece being there is going to lead to a checkmate.
In the case that you want a minimal risk then I would say it would be best to save your queen and try to keep it because it can help create many forks.
3 Minor Pieces > Queen
With 3 minor pieces there is the obvious case getting 3 pawns to the end to become queens, but I will presume that it would be banned for 2 reasons.
- It is more challenging and move and noticeable.
- It is making a minor piece become a major piece.
- With three pieces there are more combinations that you can use to get a checkmate, or defend your king. If the opponent's king is trapped with their own pieces then you can use just your knight to get a checkmate where as it would be hard to get a checkmate with your queen for it would need lots of setting up.
generally speaking with 3 pieces is good due to numbers
I am not saying that one of them is always better. I am just stating the cases. If I had to pick between the two in a case that I don't know as in I can't see the situation for some reason I would go for keeping 3 pieces instead of losing my queen.
Keep in mind that people have their play style. You might prefer keeping your queen or keeping 3 minor pieces depending on your play style. | <urn:uuid:f27e1f07-b85a-4109-9b82-427b3d26d5af> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://chess.stackexchange.com/questions/30135/when-is-a-queen-better-than-3-minor-pieces-or-vice-versa/30156 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.969773 | 1,522 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Objective and subjective bulimic episodes in the classification of bulimic-type eating disorders: another nail in the coffin of a problematic distinction
Mond, JM and Latner, JD and Hay, PH and Owen, C and Rodgers, B, Objective and subjective bulimic episodes in the classification of bulimic-type eating disorders: another nail in the coffin of a problematic distinction, Behaviour research and therapy, 48, (7) pp. 661-669. ISSN 0005-7967 (2010) [Refereed Article]
We sought to further explore the validity of the distinction between objective bulimic episodes (OBEs) and subjective bulimic episodes (SBEs) in the study of bulimic-type eating disorders. Drawing on data obtained at the second, interview phase of a large-scale epidemiological study, we identified mutually exclusive subgroups of women with bulimic-type eating disorders who engaged in regular OBEs but not SBEs (n = 37) or regular SBEs but not OBEs (n = 52). These subgroups were compared on a wide range of outcomes, including socio-demographic characteristics, current levels of eating disorder psychopathology, general psychological distress and impairment in role functioning, current and lifetime impairment in quality of life specifically associated with an eating problem, (self)-recognition of an eating problem, health service utilization and use of psychotropic medication. The only difference between groups was that participants who reported regular OBEs were heavier than those who reported regular SBEs. The findings converge with those of previous research in suggesting that bulimic-type eating disorders characterized by regular SBEs, but not OBEs, do not differ in any clinically meaningful way from those characterized by regular OBEs, but not SBEs. Inclusion of bulimic-type eating disorders characterized by regular SBEs as a provisional category requiring further research in DSM-V appears warranted. | <urn:uuid:87c999d9-4b23-48b2-b7aa-9cbc9ceb6f65> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://ecite.utas.edu.au/123095 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.94306 | 409 | 1.601563 | 2 |
February 21, 1927– Count Hubert James Marcel Taffin de Givenchy
I absolutely believe my talent is God-given. I ask God for a lot, but I also thank him. I’m a very demanding believer.
When Audrey Hepburn left this world in 1993, taken by cancer at 63-years-old, she was at her home that she loved in a village near Lausanne, Switzerland. In L.A., she had been given just a few months to live after being diagnosed with cancer. She wanted to be home in Switzerland but getting there would be a significant risk to her fragile health. That is when Hubert de Givenchy came up with a plan. The famed designer, along with Hepburn’s friend Bunny Mellon arranged for a private plane to carefully transport Hepburn to Switzerland.
Hepburn was able to spend a last Christmas in Switzerland, where, she told her longtime partner, Dutch actor, Robert Wolders that it was ”…the most beautiful Christmas I have ever had.”
It was rather perfect that Givenchy was able to give Hepburn this final gift. They had been very close friends for decades, with a relationship that Givenchy called: ”a kind of marriage”.
They met just before the filming of Sabrina (1954). It was a fashion love affair and friendship that lasted for four decades.
Little by little, our friendship grew and with it a confidence in each other. There was never any criticism of the other person, no upsets.
Hepburn wanted to wear a real Paris designer dress in Billy Wilder‘s Sabrina. She had a style that was very much her own, knowing exactly what complimented her figure, and Hepburn insisted that she have approval over her own wardrobe for the film. In it, she plays a chauffeur’s daughter, who falls in love with one of the sons of the wealthy man her father works for. Lovesick, she flees to Paris, only to come back two years later and causes a commotion when both the man’s sons, played by William Holden and Humphrey Bogart, fall for her. Hepburn’s Sabrina has transformed from a shy girl into a sophisticated woman during her time in Paris.
The wardrobe supervisor for the film, Edith Head, had prepared drawings for Hepburn’s look, and she was shocked when Hepburn wanted a designer dress, because this was a film that would have given Head the perfect opportunity to design for a leading lady looking like a Paris model.
One of the outfits Hepburn selected in Paris was an elegant double-breasted collarless wool suit, that Sabrina wears on her first day back home. Head had given instructions to Hepburn to buy a dark suit: ”the type you would wear crossing the Atlantic by plane and arriving in up-state New York by train”. She advised Hepburn not to choose ”dead black or dead white” because they did not show up well on film. Hepburn brought back an Oxford-gray wool suit with a cinch-waisted, double-breasted scoop-necked jacket and a slim, calf-length vented skirt. She added a turban of pleated pearl-grey chiffon, both created by Givenchy.
Wilder’s wife had sent Hepburn to Cristóbal Balenciaga in Paris, but he was too busy preparing his latest collection. He suggested his friend Givenchy, who had once worked for Balenciaga. Givenchy had exactly what she needed, and Hepburn ended up buying a wardrobe of three outfits, the suit and the two gowns she would wear in the film, spending $850. It was their first collaboration.
Head, much to her disappointment, had to design the rest of the not so glamorous Sabrina wardrobe. The Paramount costume department also had to manufacture duplicates of the Givenchy clothes that would be needed in case the original ones were somehow ruined during filming.
Head would make sketches of his dresses for Hepburn and sign them with her name. Only after Head passed away in 1981 did Givenchy, a true gentleman, confirm that the Sabrina black dress was his original design, and had been made under Head’s supervision at Paramount. Sabrina was one of the best films of 1956 and was nominated for six Academy Awards, including for Hepburn for Best Actress and Wilder for Best Director. Its only Oscar win came for its costume design.
Even when she won the Academy Award for Sabrina, Head failed to acknowledge Givenchy’s contribution in her speech.
Givenchy designed Hepburn’s costumes for several films. The black Givenchy dress worn by Hepburn in the first minutes of Blake Edwards’ film Breakfast At Tiffany’s (1961) is now considered to be one of the most iconic items of clothing in the history of the 20th century, perhaps the most famous “little black dress” of all time.
In Breakfast At Tiffany’s, Hepburn plays the lead role Holly Golightly opposite handsome George Peppard. Her necklace was made by Roger Scemama, who often paired with Givenchy. Hepburn took two copies of the dress to Paramount Pictures, but the dresses, which the studio felt showed too much of Hepburn’s legs, were altered by Head. The original hand-stitched dress is currently in Givenchy’s private archive, and one of the two versions Hepburn brought to Paramount is on display at The Museum of Film in Madrid and the other was auctioned at Christie’s in December 2006. The film’s poster was designed by Robert McGinnis, who claimed that the photographs on which he based the poster did not show any leg and that he had added the leg to give the poster more oomph. The Edith Head dresses used in the film were destroyed by Head after shooting.
In November 2006, Natalie Portman appeared on the cover of Harper’s Bazaar, wearing one of the original Givenchy dresses created for Breakfast At Tiffany’s. The next month, this dress was auctioned at Christie’s and purchased by an anonymous buyer for $923,187, with the funds going for a new school for poor children in Calcutta.
For Hepburn he designed at least some of her costumes for Funny Face (1957) Charade (1963), Paris When It Sizzles (1964) and How To Steal A Million (1966). The Givenchy brand also released a fragrance inspired by Hepburn called L’Interdit.
Givenchy said that he adapted his designs to Hepburn’s desires. When she wanted a bare-shoulder evening dress modified to hide her collarbone, he invented for her what became a style so popular that he named it ”Décolleté Sabrina”. Hepburn wore the little black dress that accentuated her tiny waist with long black gloves, and black pumps. Givenchy:
Audrey always added a twist, something piquant, amusing, to the clothes.
Givenchy left this world in 2018, but before he left, he published To Audrey With Love (2014) featuring anecdotes and original sketches of their collaborations. | <urn:uuid:b9995827-2c90-4945-9279-44b5559026d3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://worldofwonder.net/flashback54-hubert-de-givenchy-audrey-hepburn-and-the-little-black-dress/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.97665 | 1,519 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Being offered a bursary to pursue post-secondary education was quite rewarding but even more satisfying was the fact that Cereise Ross graduated on time. At the beginning of Grade 10, she was diagnosed with a rheumatoid disease that has resulted in physical limitations and mental challenges.
Tears welled up in her eyes as she was introduced as winner of a bursary at the Alliance of Jamaican Alumni Associations (AJAA) Toronto chapter graduates awards ceremony at the Jamaican Canadian Association centre.
“I don’t think anyone could understand the joy and relief I felt to know that someone somewhere is recognizing me for my community service and academic achievement after all that I have gone through in the past few years,” said the 18-year-old Lawrence Park Collegiate Institute graduate who enters the University of Ottawa next semester to pursue International Economics and Development studies.
“Imagine being healthy one day and then learning the next day that you would not be able to function the same way you did yesterday. I had to accept that first before moving forward and being able to recognize that life would not be the same.”
Accepted by all four universities to which she applied, Ross plans to pursue Law at Osgoode Hall after earning her first degree.
Other high school graduates presented with bursaries were 19-year-old Stephen Leacock Collegiate Institute student Guillian Morgan who will pursue Chemical Engineering Studies at Ryerson University, 17-year-old Lekeeya Kinghorn of White Oak Secondary School who enters York University in September, York Memorial Collegiate’s Akilah Jenkins who is enrolled in Ryerson’s Business Administration program, Harbord Collegiate Institute’s Cecilia Thompson who is registered in York University’s Criminology program, Tiwana Anderson of J. Clarke Richardson Collegiate who will study Political Science at the University of Western Ontario and Oakwood Collegiate Institute graduate Deijaumar Clarke.
They were among 48 high school students of Jamaican descent recognized with certificates since the graduation program started in 1993. The bursary component was added five years later. In the last 23 years, the AJAA has presented approximately $184,000 in financial awards to nearly 100 graduates.
In her keynote address, Africentric Alternative School principal Thando Hyman-Aman reminded the students that high school graduation represents the start of a new journey filled with obstacles and uncertainty.
“While we stand together to celebrate your achievements, I caution you that your journey has just begun,” she said. “You will undergo or you may have already undergone many tests and challenges…To the young men especially, you need to stay the course because often times when choices are put in front of us, sometimes it’s easier to take the route less travelled or what you consider to be the easier path.
“Choices, not circumstances, will determine your success. One of the most important choices you will have to make or in some cases have already made is with respect to the quality and nature of education you will pursue. This decision is sure to direct the course your lives will follow. It not only determines where you live, how you live, what you will drive and where you will travel but, more importantly, it will influence and determine your career and purpose in life. This is a choice we all have to make.”
Hyman-Aman said that coming from a family of educators that includes aunts and cousins who are pre-school teachers and an uncle who was a university professor paved the way for her to successfully navigate the school system and become a school principal.
University of the West Indies anthropologist Dr. Barry Chevannes, Hyman-Aman’s maternal uncle, died in Jamaica last November.
“It’s those choices within my own family structure that has helped me,” she said. “I want you to ensure that the choices you make are ones of substance. There will be barriers put in front of you every step of the way but, in spite of those challenges, you must rise.”
By finishing high school, Hyman-Aman said the graduates have proven they can succeed.
“In the Toronto District School Board, a recently commissioned report cited that four out of 10 Black students will drop out of high school,” she said. “But you are the six out of 10 that are achieving that nobody in the media is reporting about or there has not been any commissioned study on your success.”
Two 18-year-olds were presented with the Victoria Mutual Building Society-sponsored Essay Writing Competition prizes.
Winner Lloyd Wright graduated from Bur Oak Secondary School and will pursue Film Studies at Brock University while runner-up Shardae Barclay, a graduate of St. Augustine Catholic High School, aspires to be a medical doctor. She enters the University of Toronto Mississauga campus in the fall to study Psychology. | <urn:uuid:bb9e42f7-4519-4d01-9152-bd881eba42df> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://sharenews.com/archives/20110708joy-relief-student-receives-ajaa-bursary/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720238.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00188-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969813 | 1,028 | 1.554688 | 2 |
A converso (Spanish: [komˈbeɾso]; Portuguese: [kõˈvɛɾsu]; feminine form conversa), "convert", (from Latinconversvs 'converted, turned around') was a Jew who converted to Catholicism in Spain or Portugal, particularly during the 14th and 15th centuries, or one of his or her descendants.
Conversos who did not fully or genuinely embrace Catholicism, but continued to practise Judaism in secrecy, were referred to as judaizantes ("Judaizers") and pejoratively as marranos ("swine").
New Christian converts of Muslim origin were known as moriscos. Unlike Jewish conversos, moriscos were subject to an edict of expulsion even after their conversion to Catholicism, which was implemented severely in Valencia and in Aragón and less so in other parts of Spain.
Ferrand Martínez, Archdeacon of Écija, directed a 13-year anti-Semitic campaign that began in 1378. Martínez used a series of provocative sermons, through which he openly condemned the Jews with little to no opposition. He rallied non-Jews against the Jews by creating a constant state of fear through riots. Martínez's efforts led to a series of outbreaks on 4 June 1391, where several synagogues in Seville were burned to the ground and churches were erected in their place. Amidst this outbreak, many Jews fled the country, some converted to Christianity in fear, and some were sold to Muslims. Martínez set in motion the largest forced mass conversion of Jews in Spain.
Both the Church and the Crown had not anticipated such a large-scale conversion stemming from an unplanned anti-Semitic campaign led by Ferrand Martínez. The new converts, most of whom were forced, due to their large numbers, were victims of a new problem. A problem that temporarily solved the Jewish presence in Spain, however, led to the creation of a new group that was neither completely Catholic nor Jewish.
The conversos, who were now fully privileged citizens, competed in all aspects of the economic sphere. This resulted in a new wave of racial anti-Semitism that was targeted at the conversos. This anti-Semitism evolved into small and large riots in Toledo, 1449, that now oppressed not the Jews by the Christians, but the New Christians (conversos) by the Old Christians. Thus, the Crown established a National Inquisition in 1478, that would test the loyalty and purity of a newly baptised Christian (converso). Due to continued oppression, some Jews and conversos fled Spain, others created a community to ensure the survival of Judaism in the Iberian Peninsula, although outwardly practising Christianity.
Conversas played a pivotal role in keeping Jewish traditions alive by observing many Jewish holidays like Shabbat. Conversas cooked and baked traditional Jewish dishes in honour of the Sabbath (starting on Friday sundown), Yom Kippur, and other religious holidays. During festivals like Sukkot and Passover, Conversas participated by giving clothing articles and ornaments to Jewish women, attending a seder, or obtaining a baking matzah. Conversas ensured that their household maintained similar dietary regulations as their Jewish counterparts, by eating only kosher birds and other animals. Conversas also financially contributed to the growth of the Jewish/Converso community and synagogue. The Jewish community and the conversos exchanged books and knowledge, Jews taught conversos how to read to ensure constant growth of their Jewish heritage. To take a stance against the church and its principles, some conversos performed professional work even on Sundays.
Conversos were subject to suspicion and harassment from both what was left of the community they were leaving and that which they were joining. Both Christians and Jews called them tornadizo (renegade). James I, Alfonso X and John I passed laws forbidding the use of this epithet. This was part of a larger pattern of royal oversight, as laws were promulgated to protect their property, forbid attempts to convert them back to Judaism or the Muslim faith, and regulate their behaviour, preventing their cohabitation or even dining with Jews, lest they convert back.
Conversos did not enjoy legal equality. Alfonso VII prohibited the "recently converted" from holding office in Toledo. They had supporters and bitter opponents in the Christian secular of general acceptance, yet they became targets of occasional pogroms during times of social tension (as during an epidemic and after an earthquake). They were subject to the Spanish and Portuguese inquisitions.
While "pure blood" (so-called limpieza de sangre), free of the "taint" of non-Christian lineage, would come to be placed at a premium, particularly among the nobility, in a 15th-century defence of conversos, Bishop Lope de Barrientos would list what Roth calls "a veritable 'Who's Who' of Spanish nobility" as having converso members or being of converso descent. He pointed out that given the near-universal conversion of Iberian Jews during Visigothic times, (quoting Roth) "[W]ho among the Christians of Spain could be certain that he is not a descendant of those conversos?"
With advances in science able to trace individuals' ancestry via their DNA, according to a widely publicised study (December 2008) in the American Journal of Human Genetics, modern Spaniards (and Portuguese) have an average admixture of 19.8 percent from ancestors originating in the Near East during historic times (i.e. Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Jews and Levantine Arabs) – compared to 10.6 percent of North African – Berber admixture. This proportion could be as high as 23% in the case of Latin Americans, however, according to a study published in Nature Communications. The possibly higher proportion of significant Jewish ancestry in the Latin American population could stem from increased emigration of Conversos to the New World to avoid persecution by the Spanish Inquisition.
The Chuetas are a current social group on the Spanish island of Majorca, in the Mediterranean Sea, who are descendants of Majorcan Jews that either were conversos (forcible converts to Christianity) or were Crypto-Jews, forced to keep their religion hidden. They practiced strict endogamy by marrying only within their own group.
The Chuetas has been stigmatized up until today in Balearic Islands. In the latter part of the 20th century, the spread of freedom of religion and laïcité reduced both the social pressure and community ties. An estimated 18,000 people in the island carry Chueta surnames in the 21st century.
All this, however, does not imply the complete elimination of rejection behaviors, as indicated by a survey carried out among Majorcans by the University of the Balearic Islands in 2001, in which 30% stated that they would never marry a Chueta and 5% declared that they do not even want to have Chueta friends.
Specific groups of conversos left Spain and Portugal after the Spanish Inquisition in 1492, in search for a better life. They left for other parts of Europe, especially Italy, where they were inevitably looked at with suspicion and harassment, both in their old and new communities. Subsequently, many conversos who arrived in Italian cities did not openly embrace their Judaism, since they were tempted by the advantages they could seek in the Christian world.
The first three cities to accept the conversos who openly converted back to Judaism, were Florence, Ferrara, and Ancona. Most of these conversos appeared after 1536 from Portugal, and most lived in Florence. In 1549, Duke Cosimo de' Medici allowed the Portuguese conversos to trade and reside within Florence. Most of the re-converted Jews lived in the ghetto of Florence, and by 1705 there were 453 Jews in the city.
Conversos arrived to Ferrara in 1535, and were able to assimilate with their neighbours, perform circumcisions, and return openly to Judaism, due to the Lettres Patentes issued by Duke Ercole II. After the plague in 1505 and the eventual fall of Ferrara in 1551, many of these Jews relocated North towards the economically stable ports in Venice. Venice slowly became a center for conversos who either stopped temporarily on their way to Turkey or stayed permanently as residents in the ghetto Jewish community port. Venetian leaders were convinced to openly accept conversos to practice Judaism because they recognised that if conversos were not welcome in Venice, they would take their successful trades to the country's economic rival of Turkey. A Portuguese converso in Venice, named Abraham de Almeda, connected strongly with Christianity, however, turned to the Jewish members of his family when in need of financing for moral support. As a result, many of the conversos during this period struggled with their Christian and Jewish identities.
Conversos in the city of Ancona faced difficult lives living under the pope and eventually fled to Ferrara in 1555. Portuguese conversos in Ancona were falsely misled that they were welcome to Ancona and that they could openly convert back to Judaism. Their fate was overturned by the succeeding pope, Pope Paul IV. The conversos in Ancona faced traumatic emotional damage after the pope imprisoned 102 conversos who refused to reside in the ghetto and wear badges to distinguish themselves. In 1588, when the duke granted a charter of residence in return for the conversos building up the city's economy, they refused, due to accumulated scepticism.
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Amelang, James. Historias paralelas: Judeoconversos y moriscos en la España moderna. Madrid: Ediciones Akal, 2011.
Beinart, Haim. "The Conversos in Spain and Portugal in the 16th to 18th Centuries", in Moreshet Sepharad: TheSephardi Legacy, ed. Haim Beinart. Jerusalem: The Magnes Press, 1992.
Beinart, Haim. "The Records of the Inquisition: A Source of Jewish and Converso History", Proceedings of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities 2 (1968).
Beinart, Haim. Conversos ante la inquisición. Jerusalem: Hebrew University 1965.
Bodian, Miriam. Hebrews of the Portuguese Nation: Conversos and Community in Early Modern Amsterdam. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997.
Bodian, Miriam. “'Men of the Nation': The Shaping of Converso Identity in Early Modern Europe". Past & Present 143 (1994): 48–76.
Brooks, Andrée Aelion. The Woman who Defied Kings: the life and times of Dona Gracia Nasi, Paragon House, 2002. ISBN1557788294
Dirks, Doris A. "I will make the Inquisition burn you and your sisters: The role of gender and kindship in accusations against Conversas." Magistra 6.2 (2000): 28.
Domínguez Ortiz, Antonio. Los judeoconversos en la España moderna. Madrid: Editorial MAPFRE, 1992.
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Gitlitz, David. Secrecy and Deceit: The Religion of the Crypto-Jews, Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press, 2002. ISBN082632813X
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Kamen, Henry. The Spanish Inquisition. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson 1965.
Lafaye, Jacques. Cruzadas y Utopias: El judeocristianismo en las sociedades Ibéricas. Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica 1984.
Lanning, John Tate. "Legitimacy and Limpieza de Sangre in the Practice of Medicine in the Spanish Empire." Jahrbuch für Geschicte 4 (1967)
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Navarrete Peláez, María Cristina. "Judeoconversos en el Nuevo Reino de Granada." In Los judíos en Colombia: Una aproximación histórica, edited by Adelaida Sourdis Nájera and Alfonso Velasco Rojas, 26–52. Madrid: Casa Sefarad Israel, 2011.
Navarrete Peláez, María Cristina.. La diáspora judeoconversa en Colombia, siglos XVI y XVII: Incertidumbres de su arribo, establecimiento y persecución. Cali: Universidad del Valle, 2010.
Novoa, Nelson. Being the Nação in the Eternal City: New Christian Lives in Sixteenth-Century Rome. Peterborough: Baywolf Press 2014
Pulido Serrano, Juan Ignacio. "Converso Complicities in an Atlantic Monarchy: Political and Social Conflicts behind the Inquisitorial Persecutions". In The Conversos and Moriscos in Late Medieval Spain and Beyond, Volume Three: Displaced Persons, edited by KevinIngram and Juan Ignacio Pulido Serrano, 117–128. Leiden: Brill, 2015.
Pulido Serrano, Juan Ignacio. "Political Aspects of the Converso Problem: On the Portuguese Restauraçao of 1640". In The Conversos and Moriscos in Late Medieval Spain and Beyond, Volume Two: The Morisco Issue, edited by Kevin Ingram, 219–246. Leiden: Brill, 2012.
Roth, Norman, Conversos, Inquisition, and the Expulsion of the Jews from Spain, Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1995. ISBN0299142302
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Seed, Patricia. To Love, Honor, and Obey in Colonial Mexico: Conflicts over Marriage Choices, 1574–1821. Stanford: Stanford University Press 1988.
Sicroff, Albert A. Los estatutos de limpieza de sangre. Translated by Mauro Armiño. Madrid: Tauros 1985.
Soyer, François. “'It is not possible to be both a Jew and a Christian': Converso Religious Identity and the Inquisitorial Trial of Custodio Nunes (1604–5).” Mediterranean Historical Review 26 (2011): 81–97.
Ventura, Maria da Graça A. "Los judeoconversos portugueses en el Perú del siglo XVII: Redes de complicidad". In Familia, Religión y Negocio: El sefardismo en las relaciones entre el mundo ibérico y los Países Bajos en la Edad Moderna, edited by Jaime Contreras, Bernardo J. García García, e Ignacio Pulido, 391–406. Madrid: Fundación Carlos Amberes, 2002.
^ abLea, Henry Charles (1 January 1896). "Ferrand Martinez and the Massacres of 1391". The American Historical Review. 1 (2): 209–219. doi:10.2307/1833647. JSTOR1833647.
^ abcdMelammed, Renee (1999). Heretics or Daughters of Israel. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 3–10, 86–95, 166–174.
^A very recent book that highlights such issues in the sixteenth century is James Nelson Novoa, Being the Nação in the Eternal City: New Christian Lives in Sixteenth-Century Rome (Peterborough: Baywolf Press, 2014); https://books.google.com/books?id=KcFMBAAAQBAJ | <urn:uuid:28172476-2b79-439f-87fa-293bf9d17475> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://demo.azizisearch.com/starter/google/wikipedia/page/Converso | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00479.warc.gz | en | 0.894588 | 3,722 | 3.9375 | 4 |
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Powering the Future: A Nobel-Prize Winner Takes a Look Deep into the Future
Paul SanGiorgio, Triple Pundit
Have we hit peak oil? How long can we rely on cheap coal for power generation? Is hydro-fracking worth the environmental impact? To each of these pressing and controversial questions, Nobel-prize winner and Stanford physics professor Robert Laughlin would respond that, in the long run, what’s the difference?
"Powering the Future: How we will (eventually) solve the energy crisis and fuel the civilization of tomorrow" is Laughlin’s audacious attempt to look past the haze and uncertainty of short-term political and technical questions and predict how we’ll power our civilization in the centuries to come.
He starts with the seemingly irrefutable idea that although there are many varieties of fossil fuel, from natural gas to coal to oil, in the ground right now, eventually we will dig them all up, use them one way or another, and that’ll be that. Although whether we do this over the next 20 years or next 200 years might have important consequences for the environment, eventually the supply of fossil fuels will be exhausted and we will be left considering other options.
... Unable to hide the professor within, though, Laughlin’s tone can occasionally be pedantic and lecturing. Things just are what he says they are and any misconception you might have is probably due to naïve ignorance. This attitude is especially frustrating when it reflects Laughlin’s pessimism with regard to human nature, government intervention, and the possibility of socially conscious action in general, but for the most part, his authoritative tone begs the reader to argue and proceed critically, becoming an active participant in the book.
(2 December 2011)
Another review, this one from The Curious Wave Funcion. -BA
Global warming, population growth, and food supplies: When will Americans finally “get it”?
Gary Peters, Guy McPherson's Blog
To borrow a line from Pete Seeger, “When will we ever learn?” If Karl Marx were alive today he would quickly see that television has become the opium of the people, dulling our senses and keeping our minds focused on trivial matters even as the world around us careens further out of control every day. What passes for national news media today is all corporate owned and dedicated to telling us as little as possible, placing virtually nothing in context, and talking to “experts” in thirty second sound bites. What they don’t tell us is often the stuff we really need to know.
My wife and I were having breakfast recently in a small local café. Near us two men were talking loudly enough to be overheard. Their conversation was focused on guns and the main theme was this: “Nobody is going to take my guns away.” One of them stated that he now had more than one thousand rounds of ammunition and was ready for anything. I still can’t imagine what he was getting ready for that would require a thousand rounds of ammunition, but at least in his own mind he was planning for the future as he perceived it. That is more than most Americans are doing! Our nation is suffering through a period of leadership failure that we can no longer ignore.
It may not be possible to predict the future, but we are going to get nowhere until most Americans realize that there are threats out there that we are not only not preparing for but our leaders are trying to keep us as ignorant as possible of. One of these is global warming, which is guaranteed to affect virtually all of us, not just in the United States but virtually everywhere.
... It is not too late for us to act, but each year that we do nothing or remain in denial about the trends that are all around us we are guilty of putting ourselves above posterity. We are headed toward becoming ancestors that future generations will speak ill of, a generation who kept practicing business as usual in the face of overwhelming evidence that it would be disastrous for the planet, for humanity, and for the world’s various ecosystems.
Gary Peters is a retired geography professor who specialized in population geography. He has taught and written about population and related issues for four decades, during which time the world has added more than three billion people. He also taught economic and physical geography, which gives him a relatively broad perspective on what is going on in our world. Unlike most economists, Peters sees our planet as finite and incapable of sustaining any process that involves physical growth of anything.
(28 November 2011)
Feminism, Finance and the Future of #Occupy - An interview with Silvia Federici
Max Haiven and Silvia Federici, ZNet
Occupations and the Struggle over Reproduction
Silvia Federici is a veteran activist and writer who lives in Brooklyn, NY. Born and raised in Italy, Federici has taught in Italy, Nigeria, and the United States, where she has been involved in many movements, including feminist, education, and anti-death penalty struggles. ... With other members of the Wages for Housework campaign, ... Federici has been instrumental in developing the idea of “reproduction” as a key way to understand global and local power relations. Reproduction, in this sense, doesn’t only mean how humans reproduce biologically, it is a broad concept that encompasses how we care for one another, how we reproduce our physical bodies depending on our access to food and shelter, how culture and ideology are reproduced, how communities are built and rebuilt, and how resistance and struggle can be sustained and expanded. ...
... Silvia Federici: This movement appears spontaneous but its spontaneity is quite organized, as it can be seen from the languages and practices it has adopted and the maturity it has shown in response to the brutal attacks by the authorities and the police. It reflects a new way of doing politics that has grown out of the crisis of the anti-globalization and antiwar movements of the last decade, one that emerges from the confluence between the feminist movement and the movement for the commons. For years now people have expressed the need for a politics that is not just antagonistic, and does not separate the personal from the political, but instead places the creation of more cooperative and egalitarian forms of reproducing human, social and economic relationships at the center of political work.
In New York, for instance, a broad discussion has been taking place for some years now among people in the movement on the need to create “communities of care” and, more generally, collective forms of reproduction whereby we can address issues that “flow from our everyday life (as Craig Hughes and Kevin Van Meter of the Team Colors Collective have put it ). We have begun to recognize that for our movements to work and thrive, we need to be able to socialize our experiences of grief, illness, pain, death, things that now are often relegated to the margins or the outside of our political work. We agree that movements that do not place on their agendas the reproduction of both their members and the broader community are movements that cannot survive, they are not “self-reproducing,” especially in these times when so many people are daily confronting crises in their lives.
... In recent years, this merging of feminism and political ‘commoning’ has generated a great number of local initiatives - community gardens, solidarity economies, time banks, as well as attempts to create ‘accountability structures’ at the grassroots level to deal with abuses within the movement without resorting to the police. Often these initiatives seemed to remain confined at the local level and lack the power to link up to confront the status quo. The Occupy movements show us that this need not be the case.
... MH: Many people have criticized the Occupations for having a relatively narrow focus on the crimes of finance, rather than the broader systems of power of which finance is just a part. What do you make of the movement's general orientation?
SF: I do not think that this movement is exclusively concerned with the crimes of the finance world. A visit to OWS or some of the other occupations spreading across the country would demonstrate the great variety of issues discussed and the diversity of organizing going on, as well as the diverse composition of this movement. Occupations are becoming a point of convergence for all kinds of struggles: opposition to the war, opposition to the prison system, support for healthcare and education reforms.
... Occupations, in this context, are sites for the construction of a non-capitalist conception of society and a coming together of the practices that, in recent years, have begun to concretize this project. A sign of the broad scope of this movement and its capacity to resonate beyond downtown Manhattan is that in Egypt the people of the squares have recognized the commonality between their movement and that of OWS or Oakland.
As some have put it, the Occupy movement is the first worldwide anti-capitalist movement to appear in a long time in the US. It is the first movement in this country to give expression to the growing revolt against the present economic and political order, which is the reason why it has spread so rapidly and has excited the collective imagination to such a degree.
MH: Where do you see the Occupations going? What will be critical for their success?
SF: There are already two encouraging developments under way. On one side, the Occupations are organizing a network that is circulating experiences, information, forms of mutual support, and articulating a perspective for the construction of nationwide and worldwide mobilizations. There is now a plan to hold a general assembly on July 4, 2012 in Philadelphia that will be a test of the ‘constituent’ power of this movement, by which I mean the ability of the movement to create new models of social cooperation.
I agree with Mike Davis, however, that the movement should not be too eager to produce programmatic demands and should concentrate, instead, on making its presence more visible, on reaching out to other communities, and on ‘reclaiming the commons.’ This is beginning to happen with the migration of the occupations into the neighborhoods, which is essential to reconstruct a social fabric that has been dismantled through years of neoliberal restructuring and the gentrification and suburbanization of space.”
The most crucial test, however, will be whether the Occupy movement has the capacity to address the divisions that have structured the history of this continent.
... I am also convinced that the Occupy movement has much to learn both from the egalitarian vision of society that the feminist movement developed in its radical phase -- which was also an inspiration for the queer and the ecological movements. Consensus-based decision-making, the distrust of leaders (formal or charismatic) and the idea that you need to prefigure the world you want to create through your actions and organization, these were all developed by radical feminist movements. Most importantly, like the Civil Rights and Black Power movements, the radical feminist movement began to address the question of unequal power relations in the movement and in society by, for instance, creating autonomous spaces in which women could articulate the problems specific to their conditions. Feminism has also promoted an ethics of care and sisterhood and a respect for animals and nature that is crucial for the Occupy movement and, I believe, has already shaped its practice. I have been impressed by the tolerance and patience people demonstrate to one another in the general assemblies, a great achievement in comparison with the often truculent forms of behavior that were typical in the movements of the ‘60s.
(25 November 2011)
Suggested by EB contributor Luane Todd. -BA
The Tailor of Ulm - a look at the Italian Communist Party
Lucio Magri, New Left Review
How should the Left think about the Communist experience today? A founding theorist of Il Manifesto reflects on the need for critical examination of the past—and the lessons to be drawn for the future from the PCI’s trajectory.
... the ‘haunting spectre’ [of communism] seems finally to have been buried: with honours by some, with undying hatred by others, with indifference by most, because it has nothing more to say to them.
... Anyone who did believe in what Communism was attempting, and took part in it, has a duty to account for it—if only to ask whether this burial was not too hasty, and whether a different death certificate might be required.... I ask myself once again: are there rational, compelling reasons for taking a stance against denial and amnesia? Are there good grounds and suitable conditions for re-opening a critical discussion of Communism today, rather than abandoning it? In my view, there are.
Since that fateful year of 1989, much turbulent water has flowed under the bridge. ... A new configuration of the world order, of society and consciousness is emerging. A victorious capitalism was left holding the field and its triumph allowed it to reassert its foundational values and mechanisms, now freed of all restraint. Technological revolution and globalization seemed to offer the prospect of impetuous economic expansion and stable international relations, under the leadership—shared or endured—of a single overweening power. During the 1990s, the contributions to democracy and progress made by the competition between the two systems could still be discussed, as could the toll they took on individual lives. Correctives that might reduce the worst social consequences of the new dispensation could be debated, either to improve transparency in the re-established market or to temper the unilateralism of the dominant power. But from now on, this was the system. It was not to be contested but supported, in good faith and in line with its own principles. If the distant day were to come when it too had outlived its usefulness and must be superseded, this would have nothing to do with anything the Left had done or thought. Such was the reality that any sensible politician had to recognize—or howl at the moon.
In the space of a few years, the scene has changed profoundly. Inequalities in income, power, quality of life, both among and within the various regions of the world, are re-emerging and continue to deepen. The new functioning of the economic system is demonstrably incompatible with the preservation of long-standing social gains: universal welfare, full and stable employment, participatory democracy in the most advanced societies; the right to national independence and some protection from armed intervention, in the case of underdeveloped regions and smaller nations. New problems are looming: the accelerating degradation of the natural environment; a moral decay in which individualism and consumerism, rather than filling the vacuum of values created by the crisis of millennial institutions, instead deepen it into a dichotomy between dissipation and neo-clericalism ...
... How should we assess the forces ranged against the system? The outlook is not a comforting one. It is certainly important that the new social movements remain on the scene, and that in some cases they have expanded to new regions or contributed to a replenishment of political energies. They have, at any rate, drawn attention to critical problems that had previously been dismissed: water, climate, defence of cultural identities; civil liberties for minorities such as immigrants or gays. It would be wrong to speak of a regression or crisis—but equally so to point towards a ‘second world power’, either existing or in gestation. For in the major battles in which these movements were involved as a unit—peace and disarmament, abolition of the wto and imf, the Tobin Tax, alternative energy sources—the results have been trifling, and initiative has declined. Pluralism has proved to be a limitation as well as a resource. Organization can be rethought as much as one likes, but it cannot forever be reduced to the internet or re-runs of world forums. Refusal of politics, power from below, making revolution without taking power—rather than being stages of a journey, partial truths which should not be renounced, these risk becoming elements of a fossilized subculture, a repetitive rhetoric that prevents self-reflection or an exacting definition of priorities. Finally, alongside the new movements—although through no fault of theirs—a different type of radical opposition has emerged, inspired by religious or ethnic fundamentalism, whose most extreme form is terrorism, but which influences and involves significant numbers of people. ...
... If we avoid reflections of this kind, and regard the twentieth century as a pile of ashes; if we delete from the record the great revolutions, the bitter class struggles, the major cultural conflicts that traversed it, and the Socialism and Communism that animated these; or if we simply reduce everything to a clash between ‘totalitarianisms’ and ‘democracy’—without distinguishing the disparate origins and goals of the ‘totalitarianisms’, or the concrete politics of ‘democracy’—we not only tamper with history, but deprive politics of the passions and arguments needed to confront both dramatic old problems that have resurfaced and new ones that are emerging; and which demand profound changes and a rational debate.
The type of investigation I am proposing here is tremendously difficult—and the motivations that should guide it no less so. Firstly, because the ‘short twentieth century’ is a large and complicated period, shot through with dramatic and closely interlinked contradictions, demanding an overview of the context. Second, because it is still so fresh in the collective memory that it is hard to attain the requisite critical distance. Further, such an investigation runs counter to the prevalent consensus of today, which not only considers this chapter closed, but in general denies that history can be deciphered, as a whole and in the long term—and therefore sees no value in situating the present within that history ...
Today there are two prevalent readings of Italian Communism, mutually opposed for a variety of reasons. The first argues, in more or less crude form, that from the end of the Second World War at least, the pci was always in substance a social-democratic party, albeit without wanting to admit as much, and perhaps without realizing it. Its history was one of a long, excessively slow but steady march to self-recognition; the delay cost it a prolonged exclusion from government, but the party’s substantive identity gave it strength and ensured its survival. The second reading holds that, on the contrary, despite the Resistance, the republican constitution, the party’s role in extending democracy, despite some evidence of autonomy, and its hostility to the idea of insurrection, the pci was ultimately an articulation of Soviet policy, and its aim was always the imposition of the Soviet model. Only towards the end was it forced to surrender and change its identity.
Yet both readings are contradicted by innumerable historical facts, and they also erase what was most original and interesting about the Communist experience. The thesis I would like to put to the test is that the pci represented, intermittently and without ever fully developing it, one of the most serious attempts to open up a Socialist ‘third way’; that is, to combine on the one hand partial reforms, pursuit of broad social and political alliances, commitment to parliamentary democratic means and, on the other, bitter social struggles and an explicit, shared critique of capitalist society; to construct a highly cohesive, militant party, with ideologically trained cadres, but a mass party nonetheless; to reaffirm its affiliation to a world revolutionary camp, enduring the constraints of the latter but still winning a relative autonomy. This was not a matter of mere duplicity: the unifying strategic idea was that the consolidation and further evolution of ‘actually existing socialism’ did not constitute a model that could one day be implemented in the West, but rather the necessary background for realizing a different type of socialism in the West, that respected liberties.
The author, journalist and political activist Lucio Magri died a few days ago: Suicidio assistito per Lucio Magri. Also see: Wikipedia entry.
I think Italian Communist Party (PCI) is the most interesting example of leftism in the 20th century. It was a mass party, unlike the smaller communist parties in other countries. It was close to gaining national power through elections, and it formed the governments of many cities in Italy. The leadership was gifted, and much more independent than that of other communist parties. One of the founders of the PCI, Antonio Gramsci, is one of the most influential of the political theoreticians. He emphasized cultural forces (e.g ideas and instituions) more than most Marxists. I've even run across his influence among neo-conservatives.
If economic turmoil continues, as seems likely, I think we will see the re-emergence of political parties like the PCI. Lucio Magri's essay is a good first step in coming to terms with the PCI's mixed heritage. | <urn:uuid:8da25cbb-94eb-4eb6-a984-3837ab59df13> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.energybulletin.net/print/60027 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00394-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965268 | 4,316 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Those are a few of the 54 "pocket practices" in "Pocket Peace: Effective Practices for Enlightened Living" by author Allan Lokos. The interfaith minister and guiding teacher at the Community Meditation Center in New York City says each of the practices is inspired by Buddhist thought, yet intended to be useful to anyone of any religion in their everyday life.
"This is as pragmatic as you can get," says Lokos. "Life is difficult anyway. It has incredible joys and wonders, and it's also difficult. And that's part of the inspiration of the book. How do we deal with that?"
An Invitation to Generosity
Lokos started offering pocket practices almost by accident one Sunday morning, while giving a talk on generosity at a meditation class in New York. It was October 2007, the U.S. economy was starting to buckle, and many of his listeners felt hesitant about being generous with others. Lokos suggested a practice where, every day over the course of the next week, the students would take five $1 bills with them whenever they left home. And when they came across come across a homeless or needy person, to give a dollar - without judging them.
"And then I added," says Lokos "'also stop and give a moment of your time, and enter into a short conversation… and listen. Be with that person for a moment." Lokos left it at that.
Lokos was astonished by the impact the exercise had on those who tried it out. One woman who had always taken efforts to avoid a homeless man on her street got up her courage, walked across the street, gave the man a dollar, and entered into a conversation with him. She told Lokos, "And now, every day, I pick up a cup of coffee and I sit with Tommy for a few minutes. I just love it. He's wonderful. He's just down on his luck."
Another person said she didn't realize how much she had until she realized 'I had enough to give.' "And I know this person is not what we would consider wealthy, says Lokos, "but wealth has a lot to do with perspective."
Changing One's Mind Can Help During Life's Travails
In Lokos' view, the perspectives we adopt are key to our happiness and peace of mind. He says most of us go through life thinking 'if he or she would only not behave that way, I would be so much happier.' We believe that, 'once I can get that new car, the bigger house or the better job, I'm going to be happy.' But ultimately, says Lokos, "what we find is if we cannot find happiness within ourselves, we cannot find happiness.
There are 54 calmness-inspiring exercises in 'Pocket Peace: Effective Practices for Enlightened Living,' by author Allan Lokos.
He admits "it's nice to get that nice, big new house," but "the inner happiness, the peace, the calm, the equanimity, that happens inside."
Lokos offers this pocket practice for a change in perspective: every day for a week, sit quietly for five minutes, and simply say to yourself 'only I can destroy my peace and I choose not to do so,' and repeat as needed. "And what we see is we can't stop the rain from falling on the day we have tickets for the big game," Lokos says. "But how I experience that, what my perceptions are, that is for me to decide." Put another way: It's not 'the world is coming down on me.' It's 'how do I experience the world?'"
We Are Our Own Masters
This practice has been especially helpful for Sara Carder, who edited "Pocket Peace" with Lokos. She's a busy New Yorker with a child, a long commute, and a high-powered job where she must deal with creative, yet often frantic, people.
Sara Carder's job as a high level book editor in New York can be stressful so she turns to "pocket practices" for a measure of peace.
"I feel literally trapped sometimes," she says. After working with pocket practice, she had a realization. "I can be more kind and patient with people when I just realize they can't get control what's going on inside me. Only I can do that. I am a person who can get angry quickly, and this stops me."
Several pocket practices begin with a small pause that can make a huge difference. For example, when one senses the possibility of conflict with another over an idea or opinion, one can ask oneself "is there another way for me look at this?," or say to the other person "let me think about that."
"It doesn't take much look to see there is always another way to look at this," says Lokos. He adds that the phrase has been invaluable in his own life. He cites a childhood where he was often insecure about himself and on the defensive. "So I felt a need to be sharp, to be clever and to be quick." However, he has since discovered that "when the answers come very quickly, the accuracy and sensitivity of those answers can suffer. And it took me a while to realize it was advisable, often, to say 'let me think about that.'"
Careful Speech Promotes Well-Being
Lokos says there is nothing that can have a more positive immediate effect on all our lives than being conscious of our words. One pocket practice invites us to wait a moment and breathe before hitting the "send" button on an email message. Another offers a suggestion about teasing: don't.
Kathy Forer, a New Jersey sculptor, chose to spend a week with the practice of not speaking about someone who is not physically present. "I never realized how much I talked about other people even when it's not gossip," she says.
Doing this practice has led her to observe that talk about others is "never completely accurate. you are giving your view and it is clouded by what you feel," Forer says. "And if someone is not there, they are really at a disadvantage."
Author Lokos acknowledges that while pocket practices may be simple, they are not easy. "I'll be absolutely honest about this," he says. "Every one of these practices can go deeper. We need patience with ourselves. We need patience with those around us. We need patience with the world." | <urn:uuid:a4e8cde5-cd9a-4bf4-ad2c-3618890e65da> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.voanews.com/a/pocket-peace-offers-bite-sized-bits-of-happiness-calm/161806.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00530-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.982614 | 1,330 | 2.375 | 2 |
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