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क्या आपको लगता है कि भारतीय पैकेज्ड फूड उद्योग पश्चिमी समकक्षों के साथ मुकाबला कर सकता हैं? जांच करें।
Indian food processing industry has been growing at a robust pace of 13-15% over the last decade, and is poised to become a $50 billion industry this year.
It can compete with the western counterparts because of several advantages:
- Increasing local demand due to rise in purchasing power, changing dietary preferences and due to prevalence of both working parents in urban areas.
- Increasing global demand due to inherent variety of Indian foodstuffs (due to various agro-climatic zones, cultures etc), and greater demand from the massive Indian diaspora.
- India is the world’s largest producer of milk and eggs, and the second largest producer of cereals such as wheat and rice. This, coupled with cheap rural labour, can be leveraged for food processing.
- Liberalization of FDI in the food processing sector has led to ballooning of investments within the sector, making capital available.
- Companies like Parle, Amul and ITC have the requisite infrastructure, expertise and global outreach to make an imprint on the global food processing market.
- Indian traditional foods are healthier and more nutritious than western food stuffs which are primarily made from refined wheat flour and corn syrup, and lead to obesity and cardiac diseases in the long run.
However, several challenges need to be addressed in order to enable the Indian food processing to compete with its western counterparts:
- Lack of properly accredited laboratories the results of which are acceptable in other countries as well.
- Lack of proper regulatory framework compliant with global best practices. FSSAI needs to be strengthened for this.
- Need to integrate food processing with make in India and skill India. Adequate extension services need to be provided to farmers to enable primary processing at farm site.
- Lack of infrastructure such as rural roads, 24×7 electricity, cold storages, logistics and supply chain etc.
- Need to turn the food processing industry, which is largely (~75%) unorganized into an organized industry with formal jobs, to enable human resource development and social welfare of the workers.
Government has taken several initiatives over the years to give a fillip to food processing. These include:
- Setting up Mega Food Parks on a cluster –based model.
2. Increasing FDI and setting up cold chains on PPP basis, and schemes for the same. APEDA, MIDH, SFAC etc also provide financial assistance for setting up cold storages in their respective areas.
3. PMKVY to skill workers for the sector.
4. Plans to revamp FSSAI are in the pipeline, and it has recently come out with a new logo for fortified foods.
5. Infrastructure like electricity and rural roads is being fulfilled by schemes such as DDUGJY and PMGSY.
Nearly half of India’s population depends on agriculture. Food processing industry not only gives these people better returns, it also creates jobs in manufacturing and has the potential to increase our exports and thus reduce the current account deficit. The sector can flourish with synergy from Make In India, Skill India and proper support from the government. It can indeed offer a befitting competition to the western counterparts.
तेल कंपनियों के विलय से एक बड़े तेल पीएसयू में होना क्या एक व्यवहार्य विकल्प हो सकता हैं? गंभीर रूप से चर्चा करें।
The budget 2017-18 puts forward the suggestion of merging all oil and gas PSUs into one giant PSU. The reason for this is to make Indian oil companies competitive with international oil giants like Exxon, BP, Shell etc.
This can be a viable move since:
1. It will create economies of scale that will help leverage the collective capital to manage risks better.
2. It will help the companies synergize on collective expertise of geologists and other specialists so as to make better returns on oil discoveries.
3. It will lead to a reduction in logistics costs since the multiple petrol pumps and supply chain infrastructure of different PSUs can be integrated and harmonized.
4. A bigger entity will possess greater bargaining power against the nations we purchase crude from, and may thus lead to a reduction of raw material costs.
5. Merger improves the downstream financials as smaller refineries have higher per barrel costs which can be reduced due to a larger entity.
However, the move may be non-viable in the present conditions, since:
1. The oil and gas PSUs have already achieved sufficient economies of scale, and have better avenues to raise capital when needed, thus rubbishing the claim that a merger is essential.
2. The ability to make profits and provide returns depends not on the size, but on technical expertise and the ability to manage the reserves efficiently. The existing framework is enough to develop expertise and efficiency, and a merger is not necessary.
3. Companies frequently tie up with other companies to manage and reduce risk, by forming consortia. Thus the argument that a bigger entity will be able to handle risk better can be refuted. For example, ONGC Videsh has tied up with several local oil companies in various countries for this very purpose.
4. It is said that big companies can strike better deals for oilfields etc. But striking a deal depends not on size, but on strategic thinking, as exemplified in the case of OVL and Kashagan oilfield (Kazakhstan).
5. Past experience has shown that smaller companies create higher shareholder value, which points against the merger.
6. A merger would nearly eliminate the competition in the domestic market, and crowd out private investments in oil and gas. This is harmful for our energy security and will also violate Competition Law, which makes the merger non-viable.
7. Merger creates problems of human resource, with different work cultures finding it difficult to perform together. This also creates problems from employee unions, which may make a merger non-viable.
The idea of creating a mega-PSU has been in vogue on and off since nearly two decades. Whether to go ahead or shelve the idea is a decision that should be carefully taken after consulting all stakeholders and keeping in mind the long-term consequences on energy security, consumer interest, legal issues and national interest.
आप संज्ञानात्मक मतभेद से क्या समझते हैं? कैसे एक सिविल सेवक इसका सामना कर सकता हैं?
Cognitive dissonance is a state of mind wherein a person experiences discomfort or stress when s/he has to perform an action that contradicts the beliefs or values held by him/her. It also arises when the person is faced with facts that conflict with his/her established beliefs or values.
For example, a person taking a bribe (due to personal or any other reason) will experience cognitive dissonance if s/he believes corruption to be wrong.
In the same vein, a person stealing office supplies for personal use may experience cognitive dissonance if s/he believes stealing to be morally wrong.
Human mind tries to decrease this dissonance and achieve harmony. Thus, it may resort to behavioural change or else a change in the beliefs and values, in order to achieve this harmony.
In the above example, the person may start thinking of corruption as legitimate (value or belief change) or resist taking a bribe (behavioural change). Similarly, the person stealing office supplies may come to justify his actions as morally correct [value or belief change – “the company doesn’t pay me much, I deserve this for my hard work” etc.] or else change his behaviour by never stealing again.
A civil servant has to take several decisions and perform several actions during the course of his/her work. Thus, it is imperative that s/he knows how to tackle cognitive dissonance as and when it arises.
S/he can deal with the same in the following manner:
- Dispassionate analysis of an issue at hand, by keeping personal experiences from clouding his/her judgement. Favouring a particular community during riots despite that community having a history of transgressions would be an example of cognitive dissonance wherein the civil servant has to keep past issues aside and take a decision on the merits of the present case.
- By separating personal and professional life: A civil servant may hold some religious or political beliefs which may go against the actions that s/he has to perform as a part of duty. S/he should act rationally, only to uphold constitutional principles and the rules as laid down. The distinction between personal beliefs and professional actions will lead to reduction of dissonance.
- By maintaining integrity, exhibiting emotional intelligence, and drawing inspiration from examples of great leaders. For example, a civil servant who comes late to office but stresses on his subordinates to report on time is facing cognitive dissonance. This can be tackled by drawing inspiration from E Shreedharan, the Metro Man, who is known for his punctuality as well as integrity.
Gandhiji said that “Happiness is when what you think, what you say and what you do are in harmony”. It is only when this is achieved does a person obtain mental peace. | <urn:uuid:7f1c0259-ab20-48d8-a791-0558c8602c46> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://forumias.com/portal/answered-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-february-16/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.93028 | 2,291 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Can you imagine a single solid object that is simultaneously a Circle, a Square, and a Triangle without altering its form in any way ?
This circle obviously won’t fit though the triangle, and the triangle won’t fit through the circle, and the square won’t fit through either the circle or the triangle. What if I told you I have one single object that is a round square triangle. It is a circle. It perfectly fits the circle while going all the way through, and it is a triangle it goes all the way through touching all three sides, and it is square touching all four sides as it goes all the way through.
This Brain Teaser is designed to be easy to carry in your pocket. You get a 3/4 inches 3D printed Round Square Triangle plus a wooden, laser cut business card so you can replicate this demonstration for friends and family.
Seeing shapes this way leads to interesting conversations as brain teaser should. Discussions about this odd but simple thought provoking design can cause you to rethink prior concepts about physics, mathematics and other ideas you were led to believe were true. Obviously we don’t mean to tear your world apart or cause you to spend weeks obsessing over the meaning of life, but hey, a little critical thinking hasn’t hurt anyone. Who knows, maybe you can really can beat gravity to slam dunk at your next neighborhood game or finish that time machine that’s been sitting in your garage allowing you to travel back in time…
Promote STEM learning
Part of the proceeds go to enhancing Jackson Makerspace STEM learning by doing program. When you can see, touch, and do it yourself science, technology, engineering, & math are more fun and easy to understand.
Stay tuned, were just getting started at making the impossible a reality ! | <urn:uuid:59b9e2a8-bda7-422b-99a9-adeae2f99943> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://roundsquaretriangle.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00088-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943416 | 373 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Ace: Meaning of cat name Ace
Back to the List
Gender of Ace:
Meaning of Ace:
A nickname given to one who excels: also an English surname meaning noble. Unity.
Origin of Ace:
Famous Cats Named Ace:
Scarface Claw: A tough cat who scares Hairy Maclary and his canine companions in the book Hairy Maclary from Donaldson's Dairy, and even scares himself.|
Chase No Face: A cat who lost her face in an accident, and is now a therapy cat for people with disfigurements.
Famous People Named Ace:
William Wallace was a Scottish knight who led the Scottish wars of independence.|
William Makepeace Thackeray was an English novelist and satirist.
Wallace Stevens was one of the most significant American poets.
Wallace Stegner acclaimed American novelist and short story writer.
Tracey Emin is a contemporary British artist known for her provocative and sexually explicit artwork.
Trace Adkins is an American country singer, music artist and actor.
Paracelsus was a German physicist and a renowned botanist of Swiss origin who found and named zinc.
Leos Janacek was a Czech musician who was considered as one of the nation’s great composers for the mature style of writing that he adopted.
Horace was an ancient Roman poet who was one of the leading poets of Augustan Age.
Grace Slick is an American singer, songwriter, artist, and former model, considered one of the best female voices in rock history.
Grace Jones is a famous Jamaican singer and actress.
George Wallace was a renowned politician and the 45th Governor of Alabama.
Donatella Versace is a well-known Italian fashionista and current Vice President of the Versace Group.
Charles Horace Mayo was a renowned medical practitioner and was one of the founder members of the ‘Mayo Clinic’.
Candace Nelson is a famous entrepreneur who started the successful line of cupcake stores ‘Sprinkles’ after losing her job in the dot-com bust.
Alfred Russel Wallace was a British scientist and explorer, best known for discovering the concept of evolution by natural selection.
Ace Frehley is an American musician who is best known for ‘Kiss’, a band he co-founded.
Cat Names List Contain the Cat Name Ace:
Unusual Dog Names
Baby Names, Girl Names, Boy Names
Copyright © 2013 iCatNames.com, we are dedicated to popular Cat names, unique
Cat names, hot Cat names, top male Cat names and female Cat names. | <urn:uuid:dccaff6c-eba6-4292-9950-e18ba2fb48eb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://icatnames.com/CatName-341-Ace.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00538-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95802 | 560 | 2.25 | 2 |
This ornithological print, originally painted by John James Audubon, depicts a wood ibis posing near a body of water. This highly detailed and scientifically accurate piece of wall decor puts a heavy emphasis on the color contrast between the hazy lakeside greens and blues of the background and the bright whites and reds of the ibis itself. The striking and unique pose of the bird creates an imposing composition that is sure to delight enthusiasts of ornithology and fine art alike, making it the perfect addition to any living room or study.
At Vintage Print Gallery, we do our best to offer the most interesting, sophisticated and unique pieces of art to our loyal customers. While many of our offerings come from painstakingly collected antiques, such as hundreds of years old atlases, photo albums and herbariums, we have also gone a step further and now offer remastered pieces, as well as original art. Our original art takes inspiration from our existing catalog and builds on it. Our remastered pieces bring new colorways, sharper images and more intricate details from restored vintage works of art. Additionally, we also offer silver, gold and copper leaf enhanced art, with real metal applied to the prints. | <urn:uuid:70d9fa00-986d-4b21-94db-5ee9975a649f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.vintageprintgallery.com/product/wood-ibis-by-john-james-audubon/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.933154 | 247 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Texas-based tech-patent collector Uniloc has filed suit against Mojang, claiming that the Android version of "Mindcraft," (seriously, that's what it says in the filing), infringes upon Patent #6,857,067, "System and method for preventing unauthorized access to electronic data." Specifically, the filing references claim 107 of the patent, which covers a "Computer code executable on an electronic device to prevent unauthorized access to electronic data stored on the electronic device."
"Unfortunately for them, they're suing us over a software patent. If needed, I will throw piles of money at making sure they don't get a cent," Notch said on Twitter this morning. "Software patents are plain evil. Innovation within software is basically free, and it's growing incredibly rapid. Patents only slow it down."
Uniloc is seeking damages compounded by both pre and post-judgment interest, as well as ongoing royalties from Mojang. This should be a good one. | <urn:uuid:55aec0b6-4d04-4873-a65b-947f39fe254f> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.360haven.com/forums/threads/16006-UNILOC-SUES-MOJANG-OVER-ALLEGED-PATENT-INFRINGEMENT-IN-MINDCRAFT | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719416.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00364-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93692 | 205 | 1.53125 | 2 |
The Biden administration is taking early action to deliver clear messages to student loan borrowers. One message is that student loan repayments will resume in February. The other is that the massive student loan cancellation is unlikely to happen.
Last month, the Biden administration extended the suspension of student loan payments and the interest freeze until January 31, 2022. The relief, which began in March 2020, was scheduled to end on September 30 after several previous extensions. by former President Trump and then the President. Biden. The Biden administration has repeatedly called the most recent extension a “final,” meaning millions of borrowers will have to resume paying off their student loans in February 2022.
Meanwhile, student loan borrower advocates and their allies in Congress have continued a long campaign to pressure President Biden to use executive action to enact a blanket student loan cancellation more of $ 50,000 or more per borrower. Biden himself has expressed his opposition to such widespread debt cancellation and his skepticism that he would have the legal authority to pass it.
In remarks last week (as reported by POLITICO) at the Education Funding Council’s (EFC) 2021 Education Funding Conference, Richard Cordray, director of operations for federal aid to students at the U.S. Department of Education, threw cold water on the possibility of mass student loan cancellations, and suggested that discussions of widespread student loan cancellations have left borrowers confused and unwilling to restart payments.
“The [payment] pause was not a single decision that spanned that entire period, but rather a series of extensions that each generated their own set of workflows, ”Cordray said. “FSA has had several periods where it has had to plan and prepare for the return to reimbursement, only to reverse the course, often at the last minute. The dilemma of how to communicate these mixed messages to borrowers has also been serious, with so many false starts undoubtedly creating enormous confusion over what even the immediate future may hold. At the same time, borrowers heard a constant drumbeat about the possibility of a loan forgiveness, either wholesale or piecemeal … or even hope, it was never going to happen. Overcoming this psychological hurdle with millions of Americans can be much more difficult work than we realize. “
The Biden administration has reportedly conducted a formal review of legal authorities that could be used as the basis for a large student loan forgiveness since April. The results of this review have not yet been released. But Cordray’s comments open a window into administration thinking and strongly imply that a decision on massive student loan debt cancellation may already have been made.
But borrowers don’t necessarily run out of options. The Biden administration has already used executive action to write off nearly $ 10 billion in federal student loans this year alone. The administration uses a “targeted” approach to student loan cancellation by expanding existing programs such as borrower advocacy through repayment and the Total Permanent Disability (TPD) discharge program, relaxing their requirements. or by automating student loan relief to eliminate the need for affirmative requests. . These initiatives have translated into measurable benefits for hundreds of thousands of borrowers.
However, the defenders push the administration to go further. Biden is likely to face continued pressure to enact additional debt cancellation and other relief through programs such as the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program (PSLF), and by expanding and improving pathways. existing relief through better income-based repayment plans. And next month, hearings will begin on overhauling regulations governing key federal student loan cancellation and repayment programs, which could lead to significant structural changes in the federal student loan system.
In the meantime, the ministry has already started sending mass emails to borrowers warning them to “start planning for repayment” in early 2022.
Biden has promised a new, cheaper income-based plan for student loans. Will it happen?
These student loans are excluded from Biden’s forgiveness and loan relief programs – here’s why
Student loan borrowers: expect these 4 things by January
Biden administration begins overhaul of student loan forgiveness and income-tested repayment programs | <urn:uuid:24a9206e-a311-4978-8a6a-fc199a17dfbd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://packersauthenticofficial.com/key-biden-official-suggests-mass-student-loan-forgiveness-wont-happen/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.969467 | 829 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Consider an angle A formed by a horizontal line and a slanted line
as in the illustration below. Such an angle can be specified by just
giving its slope. In the illustration, the slope of angle A
is the ratio h/b. In geometry,
this quantity is also referred to as the tangent of the angle A
and denoted by Tan(A). The angle A can also be specified
by Cot(A)=b/h, which is
called the cotangent of the angle A and is just the inverse of the slope.
Here are the slopes of some specific
, Tan(45o)=1, and Tan(60o)=\/3.
Angles associated with a Pyramid
In mathematics, the term pyramid refers to a rather general type of geometric solid. One can find the definition here. But the pyramids that one finds in different parts of the world generally have a rectangular base with the apex directly above the center of the base. Most of the pyramids in Egypt actually have a square base and are therefore quite symmetrical. The four faces are isosceles triangles and are congruent to each other. The shape of such a pyramid is determined by the angle that each face makes with the base, i.e. the angle formed by the horizontal line joining the midpoint of the base of a face to the center of the pyramid and the slanted line joining that midpoint to the apex of the pyramid. That angle could be any angle between 0o and 90o. If that angle is close to 90o, then the pyramid would be very tall and would seem like a simple, pointed obelisk. If that angle is close to 0o, then the pyramid would be almost flat and one would probably be unhappy calling it a pyramid. But the shape is also determined by various other quantities. For example, the angle that each edge of the pyramid makes with the base would be sufficient. (That angle is formed by the horizontal line joining a corner of the pyramid to the center and the edge joining that corner to the apex.) Either of these angles is determined by its slope, or the inverse of its slope. In modern Western Mathematics, it would be customary to specify either angle by its slope, but the discussions of pyramids that one finds in the Egyptian Mathematical Papyri suggest that the Egyptian architect would have specified an angle by the inverse of its slope. For the slant-angle of the faces of a pyramid, the inverse-slope is referred to as the "seked" of the pyramid in the Rhind papyrus.
RETURN TO PREVIOUS PAGE | <urn:uuid:35ae78df-5014-4e8c-b7ec-5cb1799653eb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.math.washington.edu/~greenber/slope.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00188-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941677 | 541 | 4.71875 | 5 |
Ooops! said Catherine Lyons in the Los Angeles Times. Forty years after Apollo 11 astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first humans to set foot on the moon, NASA has concluded that it accidentally “taped over” its high-quality footage of their historic moonwalk. “But wait! There’s hope.” NASA has hired Lowry Digital—the outfit that restored such Hollywood films as Star Wars—to spruce up grainy, archived TV footage. (watch restored moonwalk video)
The same company that refurbished Star Wars? said Robert Mackey in The New York Times. “Conspiracy theorists, start your engines.” A steady 6 percent of Americans say they think the moon landing was faked on a Hollywood soundstage—surely, hiring “a Hollywood production company to clean up that footage will do little to reassure” them.
“I don’t doubt that the Apollo missions went to the moon,” but come on! said Fred Burks in Examiner.com. NASA expects us to believe that it casually misplaced never-seen footage of “one of the most important landmark events in human history,” then taped over it to save money, and now is paying Hollywood to step in? What don’t they want us to see? UFOs?
It’s crazy that a “sizable number of Americans still scream ‘hoax’ when they hear about men on the moon,” said Kurt Soller in Newsweek. Dedicated space-travel enthusiasts have debunked the “Moon Hoax” arguments point by point. But ever since Fox aired a “straight-faced” program on the "alleged hoax" in 2001, the idea that NASA faked a moonwalk has “entered the ranks of ludicrous things people believe after watching television (see also: Nostradamus prophecies, Mayan calendar).” | <urn:uuid:d3885214-208d-40de-b8f6-c7328a36dc64> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://theweek.com/articles/503566/nasas-apollo-11-directors-cut | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00230-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935796 | 401 | 2.171875 | 2 |
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Look at this grapheme. How do we usually say it? ea Soundtalk these words seahead. What is the problem?
If you sound talk a word and it doesn't sound right, try it again with the alternative phoneme.
sea head Which column should these words go in? treat bleat instead bread dread read
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Literacy Sharing Night For Who? Parents Why?To support student learning BECAUSE … “the best time to provide help to students is early on when they are.
EMERGENT LITERACY R. Grant Emergent Literacy. Alphabetic Principle-English is an alphabetic language based on the alphabetic principle: each speech.
Phonics & Reading at Somersham. Letters & Sounds Six Phases from Nursery to Year 2 Daily phonics sessions with the teacher. Some children may receive.
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This book should be read by anyone interested in the so-called 'theological turn' in recent phenomenology. However, it constitutes far more than a work of commentary or exegesis; instead, the book stands as a substantial and important contribution in itself. In so many respects, it is a singular achievement that should be regarded as a primary rather than secondary source.
At once sympathetic and provocative, Ó Murchadha aims to describe (and redescribe) the particularities of Christian life that other recent phenomenological accounts have neglected -- specifically, what it means for Christianity to be both divine and worldly, to be "an acosmic instance in the midst of the world" (33). Necessarily, such description entails certain genealogical, as well as phenomenological, commitments. It also puts phenomenology to work for a theological purpose, the lineaments and contours of which are beyond the remit of a philosophical assessment -- even accepting that one of Ó Murchadha's central purposes is to challenge such demarcations and enframings. Critical observations in this review are, accordingly, restricted to certain philosophical issues and implications.
Unsurprisingly, the Introduction serves a central purpose in orientating our reading. Here, Ó Murchadha's 'situatedness' within contemporary phenomenology is made plain; but so, too, is the need (quite literally) to transcend what he takes to be the "logic of purity" operative in so much recent theologico-phenomenological discourse. (The book enacts a certain transcendence, as well as describing one.) Thus -- and despite the inspiration he finds in those thinkers who have sought sheer phenomenality unbound by any metaphysical regime -- Ó Murchadha will suggest that the overall stress upon some (putative) unsullied telos of "Gnostic escape in angelic peacefulness" (34) renders problematic so much of the 'theological turn'. Roughly put: the ultimate unworldliness of Levinasian alterity seems to drain it of fundamental significance; Michel Henry's neo-Gnostic depiction of Life as a direct relation with God voids the significance of creation (and Incarnation); and Jean-Luc Marion's insistence upon the polar opposition of icon and idol is pursued to the point where the former becomes hopelessly dematerialized. Throughout, it seems, the great phenomenological Fathers can only "glorify" whatever "opposes the glory of the world" (31); and so, despite the monumental significance of their labours, they serve further to separate divine and human, visible and invisible, spirit and matter, and so on. Ó Murchadha's task, accordingly, is to put phenomenology to work for a quite different cause -- the delineation of Christian phenomena as thoroughly "contaminated", as not of the world yet still within it. And hence his two guiding principles: glory, taken as the sheer weight or viscosity of the world, in all its splendor; and night, taken as a kind of positive displacement, in which the soul is forced to confront its radical passivity and powerlessness.
Throughout, the principal antagonist in Ó Murchadha's "experiment" (xii) -- structured around these principles of 'glory' and 'night' -- is 'Greek' (and specifically Platonic) philosophy. Thus, in what seems a central move, the Ascent from the Cave -- which is taken to be paradigmatic for all Western speculative effort -- becomes subject to a radical overturning. Plato's "hierarchy of light" (74) is opposed by a Christian emphasis on the 'dark night' in which, "through being acted upon, and acted upon in secret, that is, away from the light of the world . . . the soul finds itself" (87); the result is the revelation of the sheer glory of doxa, of that which appears in the world yet "escapes the boundaries" (109) of episteme. Likewise, incarnation opposes the 'Platonic' denegation of matter (in favour of spirit): it is only creation, understood as an act of gratuitous love, that can properly account for worldly being (and its true significance). Similarly, death is not the other of life, for which the philosopher must spend her time preparing: rather, Christianity subsumes and contains death, makes it "already past" (139) -- manifest in the bones and relics entombed within churches and cathedrals (rather than in some putative 'decontaminated' space beyond the polis). And, finally, time is not merely the image of a quasi-mathematical eternity: instead, Christianity posits the eternal as the extra-worldly that still enters and intervenes, kairologically, in the temporal; the result is "a process of mutual contamination" (193) that demands a reorientation of the believer's life. Overall, then, Christian living is shown to be "radically incommensurate with the Greek ideal" (3).
Needless to say, the above sketch of Ó Murchadha's self-styled "experiment" hardly begins to do justice to the verve and depth of his account. In the course of eight fecund chapters, he gives us brilliant meditations on issues as diverse as desire, the nature of faith, nothingness, prayer, ascetism, play, and the body -- as well as a reformulation of Heideggerian 'being-in', a radical expansion of what Merleau-Ponty's 'flesh' might mean, and the presentation of a kind of Christian aesthetics. Throughout these explorations, Ó Murchadha proves himself a phenomenological talent of the first rank: this is a work that wants to do (rather than provide yet another commentary on) phenomenology.
Nonetheless, and perhaps inevitably, given its ambition, there are important philosophical questions we can ask about some of the shaping assumptions and principles that undergird Ó Murchadha's book. The bulk of these reduce (as it were) to the portrayal of "the totalizing ontologies of the philosophical heritage" (33), and, more specifically, to whether Ó Murchadha's account betrays a certain Procrustean zeal; at times, Christianity's putative 'opponent' seems to have been built from straw.
First, the Platonism depicted seems almost puritanical: as Ó Murchadha would have it, "[Plato's] logic is one of separation and protection from contamination. It is a logic which abhors mixture" (6) -- a depiction that seems structurally necessary for a work that will promote Christianity's (contrasting) ability to tolerate the sheer messiness of life. But such a version of 'Platonism' is only possible, it seems, if we ignore later Platonic dialectic, especially as articulated in the Sophist, Philebus and Parmenides: in these works, it is precisely the issue of sumploke, admixture or synthesis, that dominates Plato's thinking. Whether it be Identity and Difference, Parmenidean stasis and Heraclitean flux, Limit and Unlimit, the One and the Many, or Being and Non-Being, the older Plato's consistent, persistent aim is to show how both reality and its description necessarily entails mixture, co-mingling, even a certain sprawl.
This issue, in itself, would seem to have a foundational significance for Ó Murchadha, given that Western philosophy, overall, is depicted as being a series of continuing 'Platonic' reverberations (whether negative or positive). But, arguably, even more pressing issues arise in terms of Ó Murchadha's specific depictions of modern thought (and beyond).
Throughout, modernity is understood in quasi-Heideggerian terms as a "history of loss" and a "history of forgetting" of the basic, inner, motivation of knowledge: the desire to know is simply assumed, or presupposed, rather than properly articulated. All of which can be taken as further evidence of the consolidation of the modern subject's (assumed) self-standing: "The movement of the subject toward the object is accepted as a given, and is then interpreted imperiously" (41). Roughly speaking: as the subject empowers itself, so the 'allure of the world' becomes increasingly the function, or index, of subjectivity itself; what might draw us toward the things of the world is concealed by our hubristic self-certainty.
However central to the overall architectonics of Ó Murchadha's narrative, such a depiction seems open to question. For example: conceptual events such as Hobbes' passions, Spinoza's conatus, even Leibniz's petites perceptions, may all raise almost limitless critical issues; but they hardly suggest the kind of blindness regarding motivation that Ó Murchadha imputes to modernity. So many others could equally well be cited: Machiavelli, Hume, Schiller, Nietzsche, even (perhaps especially) Hegel are all thinkers for whom the impulse of and behind reasoning is a central, philosophical issue. Whether modernity's speculative efforts tend in general to bolster the subject no doubt remains a live issue; but this is quite distinct from that of 'simply' avoiding the question of the motivation to knowledge.
Perhaps the most significant instance of this occasionally unnuanced (and perhaps even 'totalizing') attitude towards modern philosophy comes -- unsurprisingly -- in the context of Ó Murchadha's discussion of Kant. The main thrust of the Critical philosophy is summed up thus: "knowledge . . . is not founded in the nature of things, but rather in the understanding" (45) -- no doubt a perfectly accurate account, in part. But of course the first Critique also opposes "the absurd conclusion that there can be appearance without anything that appears" (CPR, Bxxvii), eventually positing the transcendental object as the theoretically necessary outcome of sensibility qua receptive. This aspect of Kant's thought never features in Ó Murchadha's account; neither does the role of Gemüt, or Geist, or even spontaneity -- all of them points that would seem to problematize the claim that, faced with the question 'why does knowledge begin in experience?', "Kant can answer, if at all, only psychologically" (45).
The discussion of Kantian aesthetics raises similar questions. For sure, beauty seems subject to a kind of ontological evacuation, leaving disinterested taste "in a state of pure epoché" (43), as Ó Murchadha's nice phrase has it; but his discussion here gives no attention to the remarkable claim in the third Critique that aesthetic judgement refers to "something in the subject itself and outside it" (CJ, s.59) -- namely, the 'supersensible' that, for Kant, grounds all else. (Such suggestions were crucial, of course, in bringing into being full-blown German Idealism). Meanwhile, to read the Kantian sublime as confirming the superior, original, status of the spectator, and as reducing nature to a mere occasion for sublime judgement, is hardly mistaken or 'wrong'; but it seems incomplete, as an account, without addressing how, for Kant, the unrepresentable, uncontrollable sublime also signals an outrageous failure of imagination, and a contravention of judgement.
Of course, Ó Murchadha's book is not supposed to be a work of Kantian exegesis (or, for that matter, an in-depth survey of modern understanding of philosophical motivation). Nonetheless, his self-imposed detachment from Critical Philosophy seems to raise a particularly significant question for his project: how far can phenomenology -- i.e., one of philosophy's essentially post-Kantian forms -- distance itself from a Kantian basis without ceasing to be phenomenological?
This issue is pressing enough in terms of Ó Murchadha's genealogical project. But, arguably, it becomes more urgent, not so much regarding his relationship to the philosophical tradition, but regarding the phenomenological practice that makes up so much of his effort. Roughly put: it seems that, too often, the main data of this engrossing text -- namely, doctrinal, Scriptural and Patristic evidence -- are treated as 'straightforward' phenomena, when their status as such is not at all self-evident; as a result, too often the distinction between neutral presentation of 'the things themselves' and theological assertion becomes somewhat blurred. To claim, for example, that "the event of Christ in having occurred draws all of time together in a moment, turns human and natural history as on a pivot" (103) may well be perfectly legitimate, theologically; but how can phenomenological intuition be involved here? Likewise, "faith in Christ is a faith in an existent whose being is nothing other than his mission" (49); or "Christ is an event, the event which radiates in its own singularity, the singularity of a gift of love, which only love and faith can recognize" (82); or "god is nothing of the world, but is in everything in the world" (123); etc.
Ultimately, it seems that, within the contours of the 'theological turn' itself, A Phenomenology of Christian Life makes a hugely important, redressive, contribution: as Ó Murchadha demonstrates, Christian Life needs to be treated, not in terms of some imagined purity, but in all of its "contaminated" worldliness. It is less obvious, though, that this brilliant, generous and engaging text overcomes more foundational concerns: Janicaud's polemical complaint that 'theology and phenomenology make two' remains alive. | <urn:uuid:5df4ed79-e702-49c2-8b1d-d7acafd7a523> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ndpr.nd.edu/news/46784-a-phenomenology-of-christian-life-glory-and-night/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00187-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944953 | 2,884 | 1.632813 | 2 |
African American Archaeology
Georgia is one of the birthplaces of the archaeological study of African American sites and artifacts.
Robert tenant farms, urban sites, rural communities, and cemeteries. As a result, archaeologists have made contributions to the understanding of African American landscapes, architecture, artifacts, and customs.
HistoriansGeorgia coast through their efforts in the construction of rice fields and dikes. West Africans were engaged in tidal rice agriculture before their capture and transfer to the New World, and the tidal system of earthen dikes and wooden trunks used to control the flowof water, as employed along the Georgia coast, likely developed in part out of an African tradition. Archaeologists have also examined other earthen constructions completed by slave labor, such as the Savannah-Ogeechee Canal, and in doing so have recognized African Americans' contributions to the coastal landscape as builders and engineers.
Archaeologists have also learned that early slave villages on the plantations were loosely organized and African in appearance, employing African architectural styles and techniques. As the plantation economy expanded in scale and wealth, planters implemented a more formal landscape plan in which slave villages were organized along streets. While the planned villages were intended to provide better visibility and control to the planters, slaves still found ways to avoid observation. Evidence of numerous pit features has been discovered in the yards of slave quarters. Pit features were common to West African village sites, where the pits were used as storage for root crops, soil sources for pottery and building construction, shrines, and trash pits, and their presence in Georgian slave house yards most likely reflects a cultural continuance.
Archaeologists tabby architecture—a building type found along the Georgia coast, where the building material is a concrete formed from lime, sand, and oyster shell—may have developed out of African earthen-walled technology, as it shares the use of wall trenches and forms found on African American earth-walled buildings.
African American structures were generally rectangular in shape, as opposed to the square forms preferred by Europeans. A post-in-ground structure dating to about 1850 from the Springfield community in Augusta is similar in form and construction to houses made by the Yoruba in West Africa as well as to Caribbean descendents of this building style. Archaeological studies support research by historian John Michael Vlach suggesting that the southern "shotgun house," an elongated rectangular house type that is one room wide and two to four rooms deep, developed out of this West African architectural tradition.
Archaeological workSt. Simons Island, told a Works Progress Administration interviewer in the late 1930s:
Ole Man Okra he say we wanted a place like he had in Africa so he built him a hut.... It was about twelve by fourteen feet and it had a dirt floor and he built the side like basket weave with a clay plaster on it. It had a flat roof what he made from brush and palmetto.... But Master made him pull it down. He say he ain't want no African hut on his place.
Rice and Sea Island cotton agriculture of the Georgia coast was organized using the task labor system, in which slaves were assigned specific tasks and, once the tasks were completed, allowed to use the remainder of the day for their own purposes. African Americans on task-labor plantations hunted, fished, grew vegetables, and made crafts like colonoware pottery and sweetgrass baskets to generate income, and in certain instances they were able to acquire enough money to purchase their freedom.
Georgia blacks continued to develop ceramic folk arts following the end of the plantation era in 1865. Archaeologists have studied terra cotta burial markers found in Milledgeville-area cemeteries that appear to be the work of African Americans at the McMillan brick factory and other local brick factories or of those who worked at some of Georgia's southern stoneware potteries.
Archaeological studies have also shown how European and American-made artifacts were used in African American households. Excavations of both slave village sites and free black urban settings show that African Americans preferred hollowares (such as bowls and cups) to flatwares (such as plates and platters). This supports conclusions based on analyses of plant and animal food remains that the African American diet included more liquid-based meals, such as soups and stews, than did European foodways. The preference for liquid-based meals demonstrates a continuation of African cultural traditions.
The Springfield Baptist Church, one of the nation's oldest continually practicing African American churches.
Archaeologists have found evidence of African American customs and beliefs. Xs and other cross marks found on colonoware pottery and other artifacts are believed to represent African symbols, particularly the Bakonogo Cosmogram or dikenga dia Kongo. Archaeologist Leland Ferguson has examined cross marks found on colonoware pottery and believes that cross-marked vessels were used in African rituals and in the preparation of healing medicines.
Elsewhere,Bryan County, which dates to the eighteenth century, archaeologists identified a sacrificial lamb burial behind a slave cabin and noted that the archaeological assemblage also included blue beads, mirror glass fragments, a pewter sheep figurine, and colonoware pottery. They suggest that the cabin was the dwelling of a healer or shaman on the plantation. Using GIS, the archaeologists also noted that this cabin was among those least visible to the overseer and planter.
Archaeologists working with African American cemeteries have observed other cultural continuations, including the presence of such grave offerings as broken pottery and glass objects to be used by the deceased; stones, shells, and earth to mark the border of a grave or plot; white or silver objects; and objects associated with water. All these discoveries illustrate the ways that African beliefs and customs shaped black life in Georgia and elsewhere in the New World.
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“To bring about destruction by overcrowding, mass starvation, anarchy, and the destruction of our most cherished values—there is no need to do anything. We need only do nothing except what comes naturally—and breed.” (Isaac Asimov)
Environmentalists have been often accused of being prophets of doom. Now there is a new species of Catastrophists: they are political and economic commentators with a pervasive lament that the world faces exponential population decline, with a “Global Aging Crisis” that threatens to “stunt” economic growth.
Phillip Longman of the New America Foundation writes that current population trends also threaten to make military actions increasingly difficult for most nations. Pensions and health care will require increased funding. As the labour force stops growing, it will become more difficult for Washington to sustain current levels of military spending or the number of men and women in uniform.
Many commentators are concerned, more or less openly, with national or international prestige, not just economic, but military. It is not just about pensions; at stake is the decline of national prestige and of capitalism, which as rule have always flourished with population growth.
Governments, media, industries and business in general have switched from their previous 1970s preoccupation with uncontrolled population growth, to focus on the consequences of unplanned Western population decline. They fear the asymmetrical proportions of an ageing population in the developed world against the youthful force of Asian nations of the new coming world. The decline of the West is seen as tantamount to decay and loss of relevance on the international stage. It is the tragedy of Western extinction. Competition about power has got a new name: Fertility.
The Canadian political analyst Mark Steyn asserts that the West is in danger of extinction. “We’re pretty much awash in resources, but we’re running out of people, the one truly indispensable resource, without which none of the others matter.” In the face of his preoccupation with the ‘demise of Western civilization’, Steyn ignores questions about the abundance of every other resource.
Since the United Nations downgraded its assumption of global population projections, from 10 billion to slightly under 9 billion by 2050, the press have reacted as if Earth were on a fatal collision course with a giant asteroid. They have created panic among the Old Cornucopians and anyone else who believes that population growth is ‘No Problem’.
However, they shouldn’t worry, because, according to these predictions, population growth is still on course to add, by 2050, a new population nearly the current size of India, or almost five times the size of sub-Saharan Africa. The trouble is, the growth will be mostly in developing countries, in places where women average six or more children (Afghanistan, Angola, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, East Timor, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia and Somalia) and those where they average five or more (Congo, Ivory Coast, Eritrea, Guinea, Nigeria, the Palestinian territories, Sudan and Togo). India is projected to overtake China’s population by 55%, while Indonesia is expected to increase its population by 30% and Vietnam by 40%. And if Turkey joins the EU, with a projected increase of 30 million, it will count as the Union’s most populous member.
Different projection models, seen by some as pessimistic, and by others as optimistic - conclude that there is an 85 per cent chance that the world’s population will stop growing before the end of the century. There is a 60 per cent probability that it will not exceed 10 billion people before 2100, and around a 15% probability that, at the end of the century, Earth’s population will be lower than it is today. For different regions, the date and size of peak population will vary considerably. At the global level, old age will prevail: the proportion above age 60 is likely to increase from its current level of 10 per cent to around 22 per cent in 2050.
If trends were to be borne out, by 2050 the cohort aged 65 to 84 years old would reach 1.3 billion, while those aged 88 and over would number 175 million.
These projected numbers are feared likely to impose a destructive burden on society. Hence, for some, the prospect of an end to world population growth is welcome news for sustainable development. (Lutz,Sanderson,Scherbov)
The pessimistic view of a population decline depends on absolute faith in the benefits of population growth. The new breed of pessimists is the antithesis of the Old Cornucopians and a new mutation. Their literature is studded with references to the perils of ageing.
“Economists in the West have declared that it will be impossible to sustain the present system of old age pensions.” (Mullan). “The United Nations duly convened in October 2000, a group of experts to examine issues of population aging and decline, the twin most dreaded consequences of humanity’s biological success.”
Such fear is not new. As early as 1937, John Maynard Keynes assured us that the problem of overpopulation is old hat and in its place we have a different threat: lack of demand caused by a declining population. The nationalistic content of such preoccupations was reflected in the thinking of many and endorsed by the Royal Commission which reported in 1949 the danger of a steady fall in birth-rates from 1870 (Mullan).
The European Union (EU) has an ambivalent attitude: while promoting population control policies in the developing world, it would look stupid, not to say racist, in denouncing the danger of falling birth rates in the West.
For some commentators this worry is part of a more generalised alarmism, which touches every aspect of modern society: food scares, water depletion, climate changes, family crisis, terrorism, social fragmentation, immigration, AIDS, bird flu, civil and uncivil wars, football violence, unruly teenagers, destruction of forests, and so on, some of which are suspected to have been promoted by environmentalists in search of a visible platform.
The lack of growth produces a stationary society especially if older people are excluded from the labour market. The trend has become a cause for angst, paradoxically transforming the old image of the demographic “bomb” out of recognition. No more explosions, but implosion. “An older industrial world will inevitably be a slower growing one.” (Hamish McRae)
#economy" id="economy">It’s the economy, stupid
The author offers an interpretation for the existence of the New Catastrophists. Their insistence on gloom mongering is manipulative and follows deliberate ideological ends, the ideology of eternal Growth: The Golden Calf.
The ideology underlying the population growth model is inspired by Adam Smith, mercantilist/imperialist economics, and modern demand and supply theories. (A. David Coleman)
As life expectancy has increased in the entire Western world, it has been associated with longer and healthier life spans in the older population. A 60 year old today is not the same 60 years old of twenty years ago. As a result, people can either work longer or consume less.
Ah! Consuming less! This concept is anathema for the disciples of the New Dogma—the Growth Factor. No society today, rich or poor, of left or right government, will oppose this dogma, which has become a quasi-religious belief system. It follows that economic growth cannot do without population growth.
Among supporters of population growth, the late Julian Simon is the most extreme case. He advocated continued population growth long into the future, deserving Professor Albert Bartlett’s award of membership in “The New Flat Earth Society” because a flat earth is the only earth that has the potential to allow the human population to grow forever.
“We have in our hands now - actually in our libraries - the technology to feed, clothe, and supply energy to an ever-growing population for the next 7 billion years… Even if no new knowledge were ever gained...we would be able to go on increasing our population forever.” (Julian Simon)
How has this self-confidence in progress and everlasting human improvement, founded on growth, given way to gloomy predictions about the future?
Again, the word on which we should concentrate is “growth”. No population growth = no economic growth. It is simple. The faith of the Cornucopians in a radiant future is based on growing growth. To anticipate lower economic expectations, resulting from less people to feed, clothe, house, educate, mobilize, and serve in the army - even if this includes unemployment, crowding, pollution, cementification, and social conflict - goes against the conventional assumption that human inventiveness doesn’t accept biological limits and is the motor of progress.
The over-optimistic view that purports humanity’s capacity to overcome every difficulty, with time, technology and lots of human beings, has turned on its head, when confronted with the awful perspective of a diminishing population.
If humans are so deft in inventing new solutions to ever increasing problems, what then stands in the way of creating new solutions to the economic affliction of demographic decline, publicised by the press and governments as the ultimate tragic event?
Surely, the same race that has sent man to the Moon - an incredibly difficult task previously thought to belong to the realm of science fiction - can manage changes arising from the so-called demographic transition?
We are being instructed to believe that the problem is economic. Ecological concerns are not a priority, nor are related issues of resource depletion, energy availability, loss of biodiversity, plunder of our natural capital. The fact that many species are in danger of extinction is not a major concern, nor that natural beauty is disappearing under tons of concrete. Though it is undeniable that the density of human populations is responsible for environmental devastation, it is also evident that not everybody is concerned. Our governments obey the economist exhortations and rightly recognise that people are mostly interested in what is called “purchasing power”.
If people were better informed about the threat to their lifestyles they would take into consideration other factors: Peak Oil is already upon us and its scarcity is already affecting their purchasing power. And if they were to reflect further, they should recognise that a less populated world would have everything to gain in security, democracy, liberty, employment, resources availability, and so on.
#solutions" id="solutions">Solutions to the crisis
A report released on Sunday, February 19th by the English Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR) the leading New Labour think-tank, claimed that Britain was at a “demographic fork in the road” and needed to increase its fertility to prevent future tax rises.
The answer ? “The IPPR report says, in effect, that we need more babies to pay for our pensioners but this ignores the fact that those babies will eventually become pensioners themselves,” said David Nicholson-Lord, research associate for the Optimum Population Trust. “When that happens, we will need - on the IPPR’s logic, at least - even more babies to support the even greater number of pensioners. Population would thus have to go on increasing ad infinitum - something the planet clearly cannot support.” (David Nicholson Lord)
Behold an Editorial from The Economist of January 7th 2006, the smartest most influential magazine in the world,” according to The Sunday Telegraph
“The new demographics that are causing populations to age and to shrink are something to celebrate. Humanity was once caught in the trap of high fertility and high mortality. Now it has escaped into the freedom of low fertility and low mortality. Women’s control over the number of children they have is an unqualified good, as is the average person’s enjoyment, in rich countries, of ten more years of life than they had in 1960. Politicians may fear the decline of their nations’ economic prowess, but people should celebrate the new demographics as heralding a golden age.”
Notwithstanding the congratulating tone of this article, about the happy consequences of the lengthening of life, due to a limitation of births, the general reaction is of dismay and hand wringing. Some reactions are obsessively concentrating on a narrow issue. It is called: pension funds, or the preoccupation of providing funding to a growing number of older people.
Nobody seems to be able to find a solution, in spite of the proclaimed inventiveness of the human race.
According to certain UN figures “The ‘population bomb’ is now, officially, a dud…. The Population Division of the UN has now published a report titled ‘Replacement Migration: Is it a Solution to Declining and Aging Populations?’ that claims to address a problem population doomsayers did not predict: that within 50 years many countries around the world will be suffering from underpopulation. The report explicitly states, ‘Among the demographic trends revealed by those figures [generated], two are particularly salient: population decline and population aging.’ The report predicts that by 2050, Japan’s population will have dropped by 18 percent, Italy’s by 28 percent, and Europe as a whole by 13 percent,” according to Joseph Klesney a policy analyst at the Acton Institute.
The UN Population Division continues to worry: if the United States hopes to maintain the current ratio of workers to retirees over time, it will have to absorb an average of 10.8 million immigrants annually through 2050. At that point, however, the U.S. population would total 1.1 billion, 73 percent of whom would be immigrants who had arrived in this country since 1995 or their descendants.
Just housing such a massive influx would require the equivalent of building another New York City every 10 months. (Longman)
Europe is also deemed to need mass immigration to fix the support ratio between workers and pensioners. Britain, for example, is recommended to take a million immigrants a year to 2050, just to maintain the balance, which would bring the population to 120 millions…
Some European countries try to ignite more pro-natalist propaganda.
In extremis, some demographers recommend more immigration, in order to pay for our pensions.
But this is a theme for another, more ad hoc article.
Feeding reciprocally these up-down fears of economic decline = population decline, one of the most active and fundamentalist proponents of population growth is Ben J. Wattenberg, Fellow of the American Enterprise Institute, a conservative institution supported by Big Business. And it is not strange that Big Business should support a rise in population, even through immigration, as businesses depend on a growth of their customer base. Just think how depopulation would play in favour of the construction industry.
Wattenberg “believes in the dire economic and emotional repercussions consequent to the “birth dearth”: shrinking markets, wrenching economic dislocation and great personal costs for millions of young people who decide not to raise families. (Wattenberg)
He then puts his foot in it, by bringing in scenarios of the Black Death, to support his theories. While recommending not investing in Europe, he compares our situation to “that plague demography, losing about a fifth of its population by 2050 ”.
Back in 1348, Europe suffered the Black Death or Plague, the second worst catastrophe in recorded history, which reduced the estimated European population by about a third.
It also brought stability, progress and freedom from want to the people who escaped death. As the distinguished scholar David Herlihy pointed out, the great reduction in population created opportunities for the survivors and those who came after them; there were fewer people, more jobs and a higher standard of living. (David Herlihy and Samuel K., Jr. Cohn)
Another historian agrees that, before the Black Death the continent “was caught in a Malthusian deadlock” in which “the balance between people and resources had become very tight.” After the plague, Europe “emerged from the charnel house of pestilence and epidemic cleansed and renewed, like the sun after rain.”(John Kelly)
Moreover: “Serfdom declined more rapidly. The status of women rose. Wages rose for common people. Talented young people were able to advance faster. The power of the kings declined more rapidly.” (Norman Cantor ) It is an indisputable fact that the sudden population decline stimulated labour-saving technologies that transformed the economy.
It would be nice if future population decline were not the result of tragic circumstances, but rather the consequence of many factors, all signs of progress in medicine, economic progress and cultural deliverance from old customs.
#optimists" id="optimists">Where are the Optimists?
The writer John Seager, currently writing a book on the effects of population trends around the world, asks: “Is this so-called ‘birth dearth,’ as Wattenberg puts it, really a problem? It is not. In fact, smaller families represent a great potential opportunity. The world is beset with social, political, and environmental challenges and crises;many caused by rampant population growth.” (John Seager)
Most invectives against population growth come not from straight environmentalists but from scientists:
“If there is ever a time of plenty, this very fact will automatically lead to an increase in population until the natural state of starvation and misery restored.” says the biologist Richard Dawkins,
“It is a simple logical truth that, short of mass emigration into space, with rockets taking off at the rate of several million per second, uncontrolled birth-rates are bound to lead to horribly increased death-rates. It is hard to believe that this simple truth is not understood by those leaders who forbid their followers to use effective contraceptive methods. They express a preference for ‘natural’ methods of population limitation, and a natural method is exactly what they are going to get. It is called starvation.” Richard Dawkins
Most environmentalists appear less concerned with overpopulation. They concentrate on poverty, global warming, human rights, and many other ecological and sociological fears, but they shy away from overpopulation, which is the underlying reason for these problems. They may fear to lose many of their supporters, who believe that the real problem lies elsewhere, mostly in overconsumption by the rich.
Dr Madsen Pirie, President, Adam Smith Institute, said it: Do not worry: you said it all. We will get over this hump of population decline, go through the difficulties and come out the other side, happier and with better living conditions. The benefits of any given situation depend on good policies. (News night’s David Grossman Aug 2003 BBC)
Exponential growth cannot go on eternally and more so population growth plus economic growth.
As noted by The Economist, higher life expectancy goes hand in hand with better health, and better health may improve worker productivity and savings, and puts pressure to introduce new technologies to boost workers’ efficiency.
Policymakers should focus on the advantages of the median income on a per capita basis, which would make more individuals better off, rather than on the gross national product or national income.
If Governments hate a shrinking population is because it restricts their power status, but what matters is GDP per person.
A slowly shrinking population will bring a more egalitarian society, lower unemployment, elimination of costly and obsolete infrastructures, a stimulus to economic modernization, like the use of robots as substitute for menial labour, and improved living standards.
Although, realistically speaking, we recognize that every economic regime has its problems, population growth seems to have accumulated more than enough: they include increased import dependency for food and raw materials, increases in housing costs, congestion and crowding, marginal population ignored and exploited, balance of payments problems, inhibition of productivity growth and real income, an abundance of young people of working age, which can result in unemployment or underemployment, accompanied by political instability, elevated rates of crime, and the deterioration of social capital as a possible further consequence.
The “greying” of developed nations will provide opportunities as well as challenges. The real crux of the population question is the quality of people’s lives; the ability of people to participate in what it means to be really human; to work, play and die with dignity; to have some sense that one’s life has meaning and is connected with other people’s lives.” (Cohen, J.)
Let’s be optimistic for a change and look forward to our old age, when we will all be wiser, reasonably healthy and still active in contributing to society.
What better challenge for Cornucopians? So why not apply the famously sceptical environmentalist Bjorn Lomborg’s cheerfulness as medicine: emphasise the possibilities of technology and human creativity! (“The fact is human ingenuity has conquered every problem so far.”). I didn’t include him in my review because he is an unreconstructed optimist, the True Original Cornucopian. Because he thinks that everything is just a management problem, we shall call on him to fix things whenever they get a bit too difficult.
Dear Cornucopians who have lost their sense of reliance on technological fixes and market forces, consider that even Wattenberg and Co will come up with some extraordinary solution to our new predicament, new technological advances, and man’s creativity will rush to the rescue in a world of sprightly octogenarians, with the added benefit of living in a cleaner, peaceful and greener environment. And with a New Cornucopian suit fitted to their leaner new frame, we can celebrate together the Age of Increasing Opportunities.
1. Phillip Longman, May/June 2004,The Global Baby Bust”, Foreign Affairs. In “The Empty Cradle: How Falling Birthrates Threaten World prosperity and What to do About it” New York Basic Books, 2004, he urges that policies in the USA and other rich countries encourage more children.
2. Wolfgang Lutz, Warren Sanderson &amo; Sergei Scherbov, 2 August 2001” The end of world population growth”, NATURE vol. 412www.nature.com 543 27. Sunderland, Massachusetts.
3. Phil Mullan,2002 “The Imaginary Time Bomb” I.B. Taurus Publishers, theorises that Ageism is a form of discrimination
4. Hamish McRae 1995, OECD Economic Outlook.
5. A.David Coleman 2006, The prospect of population decline, University of Oxford, Round table discussion on the economic financial and environmental implications of over-population, OPT London 15 Feb
6. (Julian Simon L.) 1995, “The State of Humanity” Cato Institute and Blackwell Publishers.
7. David Nicholson Lord, 2006, Optimum Population Trust, News Release: Baby Shortage A Myth
8. Ben J. Wattenberg “The Birth Dearth” New York: Pharos Books.
9. Ben J. Wattenberg, 1997 “The Population Explosion Is Over”
10. The New York Times Magazine
11. David Herlihy and Samuel K., Jr. Cohn , 1997,” The Black Death and the Transformation of the West” (European History Series), Kirkus Associates,Harvard University Press , Cambridge Massachusetts)
12. John Kelly 1002, “The Great Mortality : An Intimate History of the Black Death, the Most Devastating Plague of All Time “ Harper Collins Publishers,10 East 53rd Street , NewYork )
13. Norman Cantor 2001,”In the Wake of the Plague: The Black Death and the World It Made “, New York Free Press.
14. John Seager 2004, Why Anxiety Over Low Fertility? Population Connection, (Fact Sheet From The Reporter)
15. Cohen J. ,1998,” How many people can the earth support? “New York Review of Books. | <urn:uuid:2834b21f-1767-4f14-8d55-bfd3e7e241a3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.candobetter.net/comment/253620 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.940143 | 5,048 | 1.960938 | 2 |
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Proton successfully returns to flight delivering a secret Olymp satellite
For the first time since its failure on May 16, 2014, a Russian workhorse rocket delivered a payload into space on September 28, this time a hush-hush satellite apparently camouflaged as a civilian payload.
Previous Proton mission: Ekspress-AM4R
Above: A Proton rocket lifts off in the early hours of Sept. 28, 2014, with the Olymp (a.k.a Luch or Kosmos-2501) satellite.
Above: A Proton rocket with the Olymp (a.k.a Luch) spacecraft shortly after its rollout to the launch pad on Sept. 23, 2014. The rocket featured a logo of the Russian civilian space agency, Roskosmos, even though its mission had a purely military nature.
Preparations and launch
This mission was previously scheduled to lift off at the end of May 2014 and, following the May 16 Proton accident, it was initially postponed to July 8. On August 26, Roskosmos announced that specialists from GKNPTs Khrunichev had been installing thermal protection layers on the Briz-M stage at Site 92-50 in Baikonur, while the center's personnel was configuring launch pad at Site 81 for the upcoming mission. The statement also said that the Luch spacecraft was developed at ISS Reshetnev.
On Sept. 4, Roskosmos reported that the launch vehicle, the upper stage, the payload fairing and the spacecraft had undergone autonomous checks and were all ready for integration. The assembly was completed by September 19. Two days later, a fully assembled vehicle was moved to a fueling station for loading the upper stage with propellant and pressurized gases. The launch vehicle was then rolled out to the launch pad No. 24 at Site 81 on September 23.
Several hours before an expected liftoff, Roskosmos announced that State Commission overseeing the launch had given green light to the fueling of the vehicle with propellants. At the same time, the launch contractor removed information about the scheduled time of the launch from its web site and never made public a live broadcast of the liftoff.
The Proton-M rocket with a Briz-M upper stage lifted off as scheduled on Sept. 28, 2014, at 00:23:00 Moscow Time (4:23 p.m. EDT on Sept. 27). The launch vehicle was carrying a classified payload known as Olymp ("Olympus") as well as Luch ("Beam"), belonging to the Russian Ministry of Defense.
Roskosmos confirmed the launch around 10 minutes after a scheduled liftoff time and announced that the separation of the satellite from the upper stage had been scheduled for 09:26 Moscow Time on September 28, 2014 (1:26 a.m. EDT). The successful separation was also confirmed minutes after its scheduled time.
The spacecraft, developed at ISS Reshetnev in Zheleznogorsk, was inserted into a geostationary orbit 36,000 kilometers above the Equator, where it might provide communications on the ground and likely serve as a data relay station for military satellites when they are orbiting the Earth beyond the range of ground stations. According to sources, the Olymp spacecraft might use a cutting edge laser-communication system to relay data from low-orbiting spy satellites to ground control. In 2013, it was disclosed that the latest version of Russia's flagship reconnaissance satellite -- Persona-3 -- would carry a laser data-transmission system, BA MLSPI, which enables to send information to the ground via a special relay satellite located in a geostationary orbit. In this capacity, Olymp could replace the old-generation Garpun military data-relay spacecraft.
In addition, a Moscow-based Kommersant daily claimed that the satellite would also be used for electronic espionage for the Russian security service, FSB, however the report was widely doubted by observers. The newspaper did not provide any technical details or background information to back up that claim. The report could stem from recent Russian efforts to develop a large-scale deployable antennas for satellites.
At the beginning of November 2014, Moscow Physics Technology Institute, MFTI, announced that "in October (2014) propulsion clusters equipped with Hall-type plasma engines began operating in space onboard a spacecraft developed at ISS Reshetnev." The development of this new-generation Hall thrusters started at Moscow-based Keldysh center 9.5 years earlier under direction of Oleg Gorshkov (who later went to work at MFTI), the institute said. Given the timing and the wording (avoiding the mentioning of the satellite's name) in the press-release, it obviously referred to the Olymp spacecraft.
What's in the name?
This web site first broke the story about the existence of the Olymp payload in 2013, even though semi-official reports about a planned launch of a military communications satellite, such as an already known Globus-1, had circulated earlier. Still, an apparent introduction of the new name could hint a significant upgrade of the Globus-1 spacecraft or even an entirely new design. Moreover, evidence was mounting that the primary purpose of the spacecraft was data relay rather than communications.
As it turned out, a number of prominent Russian space industry contractors had previously reported in their public documents delivering components for the Olymp-K satellite. The companies involved in the project included ISS Reshetnev, Geofizika, LOMO and NPO Kvant. It also appeared that the spacecraft could also have a development designation 14K166. The official Russian documentation also disclosed that ISS Reshetnev had developed the 11K166 spacecraft for the Russian Ministry of Defense. The satellite was based on the Yamal platform and was designed to operate in the geostationary orbit for 15 years.
Given the fact that the name Olymp surfaced as Russia was gearing up to host Olympics in Sochi, one could speculate that it was assigned quite recently to a new-generation military satellite. The Soviet space history knows a few examples when the vehicle developed under a numeric code would receive a proper name shortly before reaching launch pad. During the post-Soviet period, the Russian Ministry of Defense have routinely declassified names for past and even current military satellites, while keeping most other details about their missions under wraps. In addition, most Russian military payloads would be officially identified after entering orbit as Kosmos with a number. However, in case of Olymp everything was different.
At the beginning of 2014, to the surprise of many observers, the Russian civilian space agency, Roskosmos, suddenly announced the upcoming mission carrying a Luch satellite. The Luch, of course, are civilian data-relay satellites and all the existing spacecraft in the current Luch-5 constellation have been accounted for. As a result, an apparent decision by Roskosmos to give a new public name to the Olymp satellite could be a late and rather clumsy attempt to camouflage a military payload within a civilian constellation, which might or might not have a similar purpose to its unexpected military cousin.
In any case, the differences between Olymp and Luch are obvious. Civilian Luch satellites were light enough to share a ride on Proton with another payload, while the spacecraft formerly known as Olymp is launched alone, betraying a much larger size! Moreover, numerous images of each Luch satellite during their development and pre-launch processing were released. Obviously, no visuals of the latest payload have been made available so far. Moreover, a special partion was erected around the Olymp satellite during its pre-launch processing at Site 92-50 in Baikonur to prevent foreign engineers involved in other Proton missions to see a highly classified payload.
Finally, all Luch satellites had numbers, while the latest spacecraft is carrying none.
Possibly, the Luch cover-up campaign was a response to an accidental disclosure of the name Olymp, even though the code-name in itself provides no practical information on the purpose of its carrier.
A strange misinformation campaign appeared to be continuing after the launch. The official Russian media was describing tasks of the satellite as supporting communications operations of the International Space Station and correcting the navigation signals of the GLONASS satellites. On Sept. 29, ISS Reshetnev issued a statement about the launch with a description of the Luch-5-series satellite.
However the spacecraft eventually received a designation Kosmos-2501, essentially classifying it as a military payload.
Positioning of the Olymp satellite in the geostationary orbit during 2015.
Upon reaching geostationary orbit on Sept. 28, 2014, Kosmos-2501 appeared at 55 degrees East longitude over the Equator, however within a day or two, NORAD radar spotted the satellite at 57 degrees East, as it continued slowly moving eastward at a rate of 1.4 degrees per day.
By October 6, 2014, Kosmos-2501 passed 65 degrees East longitude, however, by the middle of October, it slowly reversed direction and after some westward movement stopped at 54 degrees East, where Russia had no internationally registered parking position. Not surprisingly, Kosmos-2501 was soon on the move again, making a short stop at 53 East, reserved for the Ekspress-AM6 communications satellite and passing 52.8 degrees East longitude by the end of December 2014.
In the first decade of February 2015, Kosmos-2501 passed 78 degrees East longitude, while also descending by 260 kilometers and entering a perfectly circular orbit. The satellite was now moving unusually fast, covering 3.5 degrees per day. By February 11, the satellite passed 83 degrees East longitude as its movement started slowing down to half of its original rate. By mid-February 2015, the satellite passed 92 degrees East and continued moving. Ironically, it now ended up in the vicinity of its non-classified namesake -- Luch-5V.
The satellite finally arrived at its operational position at 96.4 degrees East longitude around February 21, 2015.
By June 25, 2015, Olymp moved to an orbital position 18 degrees West, where it remained until September. On Sept. 25, 2015, the satellite departed that position as well. According to a veteran space analyst Jonathan McDowell, the satellite had already attracted the attention of the US intelligence. The spacecraft reportedly behaved similarly to classified US satellites.
Unofficial reports confirmed that Kosmos-2501 used xenon gas-powered electric engines known to be onboard the satellite for its mysterious maneuvers.
Observers also noticed that the movements of the Olymp satellite match the activities of the Russian Navy. The long pause of the spacecraft over the Indian Ocean in the first half of 2015 coincided with the trip into the region of the submarine destroyer Admiral Panteleev. Accompanied by the Pechenga tanker and the SB-522 tug, the Admiral Panteleev left Russia in February and returned home in Vladivostok in August, after sailing through the Pacific and Indian Oceans. During the journey, the flotilla visited Thailand, Malaysia, Sri-Lanka, Singapore and Vietnam.
During the summer of 2015, when the Olymp stopped over the Atlantic Ocean, the Moskva missile cruiser, the flagship of the Russian Black Sea fleet, operated in the Mediterranean and in the Atlantic. At the beginning of June, the vessel participated in the joint Russian-Egyptian exercise and in July, the flotilla moved to the Atlantic, dropping by in Luanda, Angola, and Malabo, Equatorial Guinea. In mid-July, the Moskva fired a cruise missile at a simulated sea-based target in the Eastern Atlantic. The ship also fired anti-aircraft missiles of the Fort system.
The Moskva had arrived at Sevastopol, Ukraine, in August, before the Olymp started moving again. If not a coincident, it is possible to conclude that the Olymp might be used to provide communications for the Russian Navy and, possibly, relay data from the Russian sea-based missiles.
Next Proton mission: Ekspress-AM6
Read (and see) much more about this and many other space developments in Russia
Page author: Anatoly Zak; Last update: October 19, 2015
All rights reserved
Click to enlarge. Credit: Roskosmos
Click to enlarge. Credit: Roskosmos
A Proton rocket with Olymp (a.k.a. Luch) satellite during its rollout to the launch pad on Sept. 23, 2014. The rocket left the assembly building at 4:30 a.m. Click to enlarge. Credit: Roskosmos
A scale model of a communications satellite proposed by RKK Energia. Click to enlarge. Copyright © 2011 Anatoly Zak
Proton with Olymp satellite lifts off in early hours of September 28, 2014. Click to enlarge. Credit: Roskosmos | <urn:uuid:392b07e3-3bf0-48e9-a94e-5fa8f5162468> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.russianspaceweb.com/olymp.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717963.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00374-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958478 | 2,685 | 2.328125 | 2 |
"Lord, Teach us how to pray"
Prayer is the heart of the life of the Community of Sant'Egidio and is its absolute priority. At the end of the day, every the Community of Sant'Egidio, large or small, gathers around the Lord to listen to his Word. The Word of God and the prayer are, in fact, the very basis of the whole life of the Community. The disciples cannot do other than remain at the feet of Jesus, as did Mary of Bethany, to receive his love and learn his ways (Phil. 2:5).
So every evening, when the Community returns to the feet of the Lord, it repeats the words of the anonymous disciple: " Lord, teach us how to pray". Jesus, Master of prayer, continues to answer: "When you pray, say: Abba, Father". It is not a simple exhortation, it is much more. With these words Jesus lets the disciples participate in his own relationship with the Father. Therefore in prayer, the fact of being children of the Father who is in heaven, comes before the words we may say So praying is above all a way of being! That is to say we are children who turn with faith to the Father, certain that they will be heard.
Jesus teaches us to call God "Our Father". And not simply "Father" or "My Father". Disciples, even when they pray on their own, are never isolated nor they are orphans; they are always members of the Lord's family.
In praying together, beside the mystery of being children of God, there is also the mystery of brotherhood, as the Father of the Church said: "You cannot have God as father without having the church as mother". When praying together, the Holy Spirit assembles the disciples in the upper room together with Mary, the Lord's mother, so that they may direct their gaze towards the Lord's face and learn from Him the secret of his Heart.
The Communities of Sant'Egidio all over the world gather in the various places of prayer and lay before the Lord the hopes and the sufferings of the tired, exhausted crowds of which the Gospel speaks ( Math. 9, 3:7 ), In these ancient crowds we can see the huge masses of the modern cities, the millions of refugees who continue to flee their countries, the poor, relegated to the very fringe of life and all those who are waiting for someone to take care of them. Praying together includes the cry, the invocation, the aspiration, the desire for peace, the healing and salvation of the men and women of this world. Prayer is never in vain; it rises ceaselessly to the Lord so that anguish is turned into hope, tears into joy, despair into happiness, and solitude into communion. May the Kingdom of God come soon among people!
Towards the Day of the Lord
It is easy for the convulsive rhythms and the frantic deadlines of life to make us organise our time without reference to the Lord. Even Jesus, in the desert, was tempted by the devil who wanted to distract Him from the Father and from his mission. With the Word of God, Jesus takes over the devil.
The Word of God announced every evening descends upon the disciples because, by gazing at the face of Jesus, they can imitate him in their lives. The weekly rhythm, taken as a measure of time in the common Prayer of the Community of Sant'Egidio, manifests more clearly, in the convulsive life of the contemporary city, the orientation towards the Lord's day. Therefore
becomes the climax in the life of the Community! The disciples meet the Risen Lord. It is the day of Emmaus; after listening to the Word of God, the breaking of the bread is celebrated and "The eyes of the disciples are opened and they recognise him". It is the weekly Easter, which announces the eternal one when God will prevail over evil and death for good.
Monday the week's work begins. Again the Lord's face no longer has the features of the Risen Saviour, but those of the poor, the weak, the sick and the suffering. The evening prayer remembers the poor, those encountered during the day and those far off, sometimes whole nations that suffer, and all are presented to the Lord so that he will console them and free them from evil.
Mary, the Mother of God and first among believers, accompanies the Community in the
Tuesday prayer so that everyone learns from her "to keep in the heart ( Luke: 2;51 ) what he has heard and to thank the Lord because he has looked upon us poor men and women. The truth of the Lord's words: " What is impossible with men is possible with God" has become a daily experience for the Community.
The following day,
Wednesday, the Communities of Sant'Egidio scattered throughout the world pray for one another and for the whole Church. Everyone prays, in the profound, outreaching and joyful communion that the Lord bestows on his children; prayer embraces the saints, invoked by name, so that they accompany all the communities along the roads of the world.
Thursday all the Churches, both of the East and the West are remembered so that communion among believers in Christ may increase and the preaching of the Gospel reaches the ends of the earth. The Lord, only pastor of his Church, bestows upon all his infinite love from which pastoral action and commitment to announcing the Gospel spring.
Fridays the Community focuses on the "Memory of the Cross", so that everyone may remember the origin of salvation and not forget how great the love of God for humankind has been. The link between the beatitudes and the story of the passion leads us to contemplate the infinite "wealth" of the cross, which is the proclamation both of the death of self-love and of the victory of love for others.
Saturday, day of vigil and preparation for the Lord's resurrection. It is the wait of Lazarus before the tomb to be unbound. In him is heard the cry for help which rises from every part of the earth to be presented to the Lord imploring him to take away the heavy stone that oppressed life, the life of us all, freed from the bonds of sin and saved by God's mercy.
Thus the week closes no longer in a casual or chaotic manner. The days guided by prayer are oriented towards the day that knows no sunset, when, together with the angels, the disciples will sing the Trisagion, which concludes the " Prayer of Light " of Sunday evening.
The "Prayer of the Holy Spirit" reminds the Community to open its heart to the breath of God so as to fight the spirits of evil and increase the works of mercy upon earth. The
memory of the Apostles and their task of announcing the Gospel, sustains and encourages the commitment of the Community to follow the first witnesses of faith to the end of the earth. The icons, present in every church of the Community, introduce us to the riches of the spiritual tradition of the Eastern Church and help us to direct the eyes of our hearts towards the Lord and to place all our trust in Him.
The Weak Strength of Prayer
Nothing is possible without prayer, all is possible with prayer and faith. With their lack of faith the people of Nazareth even prevented the Lord from working miracles (Luke: 4, 21 - 30).
When they didn't pray and fast, the disciples themselves were non able to cure people; Prayer overcomes the helplessness of men. It goes beyond what is believed impossible and allows God to intervene in this world with his infinite power.
James writes in his letter:" And when you ask, you do not receive because your motives are wrong; you ask for things to use for your own pleasure " ( James: 4: 3 ). While taking care of the poor and the weak, the Community learns from them to turn to God with their trust and persistence, and each of us finds himself or herself a beggar for love and peace. Thus, with greater awareness, we can stretch out our hands to the Lord, and the Lord, gracious Father and friend of humankind, will answer with generosity beyond all expectations.
Prayer appears weak to the eyes of people. But, when it is full of faith in the Lord, prayer is strong indeed. It can break down walls, fill voids, uproot violence and increase mercy. Praying together is indeed holy and blessed; it is necessary for the life of every disciple and for the life of the Community, but it is also necessary for the very life of the world. It is written: "Whenever two of you on earth agree about anything you pray for, it will be done for you my Father in heaven" (Mt 18; 19;). That is why the disciple must persevere in common prayer and together be audacious. Prayer, in fact, is a powerful weapon in the hand of believers: it destroys evil and increases love.
In the Prayer of Sant'Egidio, the pleas of those near and far, of the poor and the weak, of our brothers and sisters are united almost as though they are part of a "virtual" but real cathedral which gathers everyone in a single invocation to God. By praying together, we can make ours the words of the apostle Peter: "Come to the Lord, the living stone rejected by man as worthless but chosen by God as valuable. Come as living stones and let yourselves be used in building the spiritual temple, where you will serve as Holy priests to offer spiritual and acceptable sacrifices to God through Jesus Christ "(1 Peter 2, 4 - 5). | <urn:uuid:71c4310d-b9ad-41b5-aedd-828235a351c2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.santegidio.org/en/preghiera/santegidio.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00034-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960117 | 1,984 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Davtashen is located on the right bank of the Hrazdan River, formerly known as <<First Village>>էր was part of the Shahumyan district of Yerevan. The district was renamed to <<Davtashen>> In 1939 <<David of Sasun>> 1000th anniversary epic to celebrate this day and still bears this name. Since the Soviet years, Yerevan has been growing, developing and expanded its territory, including the suburbs. In the 1970s, the village became part of Yerevan. In 1984 Yerkagsoviet of the Armenian SSR The executive committee allocated 223.0 hectares of land for the construction of the Davtashen region. In the 1980s, when Yerevan was divided into 8 administrative districts, the current Davtashen and Ajapnyak were part of the Mashtots district. Davtashen is a district of Yerevan. became a community in 1996 at <<Administration>> After the adoption of the Law of Armenia about the administrative district << < about local self-government in Yerevan <>>. After the entry into force of the law in 2009: 1996-1999 Davtashen community was headed by Ruben Gorgyan in 1999-2008, Surik Ghukasyan in 1999-2008, Ruslan Baghdasaryan in 2008-2012 The current head is Mikael Tumasyan.
The construction of the Church of the Holy Martyrs began in 1996 at the expense of Ruben Gorgyan. In during the reign of the Catholicos of All Armenians Garegin I, on July 31, 1996, the church was consecrated. The first liturgy was held in the temple was born on 6 April 2003. The author of the project is Leon Umedyan. The church was built for faith and in memory of the dead Armenian freedom fighters. This is a domed church built of gray tuff, and the floor is St. Throne. անը The pool is marble. masterpiece wooden door with church ornament is Arsen Panosyan.
The Davtashen Bridge is located in Yerevan, in the gorge of the Hrazdan River. Metal and connects administrative Arabkir region with Davtashen administrative region. Its length is 496 meters, width is 32 meters, height 92 92 meters above the level of the Hrazdan River. Construction of the bridge It has begun in the mid-1970s, but stopped in 1988 and resumed in the 1990s. Project Davtashen Bridge <<Aypettransnakhagits>> company that is currently called <<Transformer>>, built<<Bridge>> commissioned by the company in 2000.
The Central Park is located between the first "second districts" of Davtashen. It has an area of 3 hectares (1000 * 300), 3 vertical and 3 horizontal alleys. The park was built gradually over several years. There are playgrounds, various attractions, a cafe, etc. In 2001, on the occasion of the 1700th anniversary of the adoption of Christianity, a monument was erected in the park. Many species of trees are planted in the garden. Benches are installed by the municipality, which are updated every year. In the New Year 2021-2022, a Christmas tree flooded with lights was erected in the park, around which animals made of lights. | <urn:uuid:23e68263-4165-4c55-91c1-979e8e2f4b02> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://davtashen.am/eng/content.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.96829 | 700 | 1.976563 | 2 |
I’m in the middle of critiquing book manuscripts for the Mayborn Conference on Literary Non-fiction (it has some long official name that I can never remember) which is in Dallas weekend after this one.
The writer-in-residence and also doer of anything remotely related to the conference, George Getschow, asked me to come up with guidelines for critiquing. He already had one set of evaluation guidelines for essays in place, so I worked off that and adapted it for book manuscripts.
Thought it might be interested for everyone to have a look at. Bear in mind that this is designed specifically for book-length literary non-fiction. Here you go:
1. Does the first chapter–the opening of the book–draw you in by teasing your interest, creating a mystery, a puzzle or a question that in some way grabs you and holds your attention? Does the opening immediately present a conflict? Or do you get the impression that the author is just warming up?
2. Does the story deliver sufficient proof to make it credible? Does the story demonstrate that the writer has done his/her research? Does it contain telling details, facts, statistics, quotes and other material from a variety of primary and secondary sources to validate the main themes and sub-themes of the story? Does the manuscript provide historical context?
3. Does the story have a beginning, middle and end? Does the manuscript have a clear overall structure? Are you able to identify a narrative arc for the story? Does it start in one place and end in another, with logical steps in between?
4. Is the story presented in scene (showing) or does the writer rely solely on exposition (telling)? Does each scene accomplish a purpose? Does each scene contribute to the whole? Do the scenes, taken together, have a cause and effect flow that adds up to a plot?
5. Are the people in the story well presented? Do they come across as multi-dimensional characters or talking heads? Do they come across as human beings that think, feel, laugh, and cry? Do the characters have an arc? Do they change and grow over the course of the story? Is the protagonist clearly identified?
6. Does the writer use specific, concrete detail and facts that are fresh and relevant, or resort to vague/abstract generalities?
7. Does the writer employ metaphor, scenes, dialog, and other storytelling devices to make the story more vivid and help it to come alive on the page?
8. Does the story possess a lyrical quality? That is, does the story give the impression that the writer has considered the tone of the story, the sound of the language, the rhythm, the rhyme, and the pacing of the prose?
9. Is there enough material to sustain the story over 300 pages? Does the story being told warrant a book, or is it better told in an essay?
That’s it! Pretty extensive, huh?
Now I better go actually read some of the manuscripts. In truth, I’ve looked through all 10 submissions to the workshop I’ll be leading and I’m very excited. The work at the Mayborn is generally at a very high level, and this year looks no different. | <urn:uuid:8a341c20-ca89-4c89-94c2-5bfef9015f99> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wordstrumpet.com/2007/07/writing-critiqu.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.956505 | 677 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Depending on your occupation, your workplace may come with an unavoidable level of continuous noise, like lower-level hums from lights, ventilation noise, excessive chatter, office machines, and, possibly, more severe forms of noise like industrial machinery. This constant drone of noise can create adverse mental and physical health issues, but there are steps that you can take to reduce the negative impact the noise has.
Productivity and Health
Emotional irritation, stress, and mood swings are just some of the side effects of workplace noise. Studies have shown that chronic noise in the workplace can lead to and increase in blood pressure and heart rate. Chronic noise can also impact hearing and lead to symptoms of Tinnitus (or Ringing-in-the-Ears). The persistent noise overworks your senses which can increase stress, lead to sleep deprivation, and change our overall mood and emotional wellbeing.
The modern toward workspace that are increasingly officeless, cubicle-less, or open offices, has lead to growing concerns with noise distraction. A 2014 study by Steelcase and Ipsos found that workers lost as much as 86 minutes of productivity per day due to noise distractions. An open office can lead to a room that feels more like a cafeteria, filled with a booming noise-floor, and less like a place to work and concentrate. It’s next to impossible to create one’s own quiet space or isolation from the rest of the open office.
Thankfully, there are ways to reduce the effects of constant lower or higher workplace noise. Music is an effective stress buster. Calm Radio has plenty of calming music channels and white noise channels designed for your workday that let you listen to music online. Using noise cancellation headphones is an excellent way to block unwanted chronic noise while listening and enjoying music. There are many options on the market at reasonable costs. Try a comfortable pair that softly covers the ears.
Earplugs, however, are not highly recommended and are to be avoided (unless in extreme noise environments). They can compress earwax and irritate the ear canals. Earplugs can also lead to possible Tinnitus symptoms due to extreme lack of normal sound. Some noise is actually necessary for us throughout the day, but make sure that it is pleasant, varied, used in moderation, and not too loud.
For those unable to use headphones in their office setting, another effective trick is to keep a white noise device around you, like a fan. It seems counter-intuitive, but adding more sound to an environment can actually make it seem quieter. Research suggests that noise itself isn’t distracting, but unwanted speech noise is. By adding a continuous, low-level ambient sound to an environment (such as white noise, which sounds similar to the sound of airflow) you enable sound masking, which can help make conversations intended for other listeners unintelligible, and therefore much easier to ignore.
If solutions like headphones or fans are impractical, you can try one of Calm Radio’s free relaxing music, nature or environmental sound channels like white noise. Calm Radio has many free white noise channels or paid subscription options to choose from that you can play at low level from your computer or calm radio app. Regardless of the type of chronic noise you are experiencing at work, it is important that you use one (or a few) of these suggestions to compact the negative impacts on your health.
Listen to peaceful music and classical music channels on Calm Radio. Join the Calm Radio Premium membership and unlock hundreds of channels of relaxing music, sleep music, meditation music and audiobooks. Enjoy reflective devotional articles on giving and listen to calming Christian music here. | <urn:uuid:4eca295a-ebef-4f2b-a474-1a3cbc1054ca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://calmradio.com/calmlife/4493-office-noise | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.943067 | 749 | 2.375 | 2 |
the French name for the Sudan
noun, Pathology. 1. a murmuring or blowing sound heard on auscultation. noun 1. a light baked dish made fluffy with beaten egg whites combined with egg yolks, white sauce, and fish, cheese, or other ingredients. 2. a similar dish made with fruit juices, chocolate, vanilla, etc., and served as dessert. adjective 3. Also, souffléed. puffed […]
noun 1. Jacques Germain [zhahk zher-man] (Show IPA), 1713–80, French architect.
noun 1. Also, La Soufrière. a volcano in the West Indies, on St. Vincent island. 4048 feet (1234 meters). 2. Also, Grande Soufrière. a volcano in the West Indies, on Guadeloupe. 4869 feet (1484 meters). 3. a volcanic peak in the West Indies, on Montserrat island. 3002 feet (915 meters). noun 1. a volcano in […]
verb (used without object) 1. to make a rushing, rustling, or murmuring sound: the wind soughing in the meadow. 2. Scot. and North England. to speak, especially to preach, in a whining, singsong voice. noun 3. a sighing, rustling, or murmuring sound. 4. Scot. and North England. a sigh or deep breath. a whining, singsong […] | <urn:uuid:d5d3be4c-d9ff-4b96-8ba5-388a5ef65155> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://definithing.com/define-dictionary/soudan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00136-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.792374 | 308 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Volvo Cars is tripling electric car manufacturing capacity at its plant in Ghent, Belgium as it prepares to meet fast-growing demand for its Recharge line-up of chargeable cars.
The capacity increase comes as Volvo Cars also reports its full-year sales results for 2020, which showed a strong growth in demand for the company’s Recharge models. The share of Recharge cars as a percentage of total sales more than doubled in 2020, compared to 2019.
By 2022, electric car capacity at the Ghent plant will have more than tripled from today’s levels and amount to around 60 per cent of the plant’s total production capacity.
Ghent is currently preparing to take a second fully electric Volvo model, based on the CMA modular vehicle architecture, into production later this year. The plant already builds the XC40 Recharge, the company’s first fully electric car, as well as a plug-in hybrid version of the XC40.
“Our future is electric and customers clearly like what they see from our Recharge cars,” said Javier Varela, head of global industrial operations and quality. “As we continue to electrify our line-up and boost our electric production capacity, Ghent is a real trailblazer for our global manufacturing network.”
Volvo Cars is committed to becoming a premium electric car company and in coming years, the company will launch several fully electric cars. By 2025, it aims for its global sales to consist of 50 per cent fully electric cars, with the rest hybrids.
While Ghent is the first of its global manufacturing network to start building fully electric cars, the company also has plans to increase electric car manufacturing capacity at its other facilities around the globe.
Last month, Volvo Cars also announced it will assemble electric motors at its powertrain plant in Skövde, Sweden, and plans to establish complete in-house e-motor production by mid-decade. It will invest 700 million SEK to this end in coming years. The company is also investing significantly in the in-house design and development of e-motors for the next generation of Volvo cars.
Volvo Car Group in 2019
For the 2019 financial year, Volvo Car Group recorded an operating profit of 14.3 BSEK (14.2 BSEK in 2018). Revenue over the period amounted to 274.1 BSEK (252.7 BSEK). For the full year 2019, global sales reached a record 705,452 (642,253) cars, an increase of 9.8 per cent versus 2018. The results underline the comprehensive transformation of Volvo Cars’ finances and operations in recent years, positioning the company for its next growth phase.
About Volvo Car Group
Volvo Cars was founded in 1927. Today, it is one of the most well-known and respected car brands in the world with sales of 705,452 cars in 2019 in about 100 countries. Volvo Cars has been under the ownership of the Zhejiang Geely Holding since 2010.
In 2019, Volvo Cars employed on average approximately 41,500 (41,500) full-time employees. Volvo Cars head office, product development, marketing and administration functions are mainly located in Gothenburg, Sweden. Volvo Cars head office for APAC is located in Shanghai. The company’s main car production plants are located in Gothenburg (Sweden), Ghent (Belgium), South Carolina (US), Chengdu and Daqing (China), while engines are manufactured in Skövde (Sweden) and Zhangjiakou (China) and body components in Olofström (Sweden).
Under its new company purpose, Volvo Cars aims to provide customers with the Freedom to Move in a personal, sustainable and safe way. This purpose is reflected into a number of business ambitions: for example, by the middle of this decade it aims for half of its global sales to be fully electric cars and to establish five million direct consumer relationships. Volvo Cars is also committed to an ongoing reduction of its carbon footprint, with the ambition to be a climate-neutral company by 2040. | <urn:uuid:d45d3911-7c42-4d47-9d2c-22e4fe37a8f2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://gasanzammit.com/2021/02/03/volvo-cars-to-triple-electric-production-capacity-in-ghent-after-strong-year-of-electrified-car-sales/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.956096 | 865 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Health officials say the West African Ebola outbreak has virtually stopped in Guinea but continues to rage in neighboring Liberia and Sierra Leone.
In its latest update, released Friday, the World Health Organization says Liberia reports 11 new cases and four deaths from the disease, while Sierra Leone reports 32 new cases and 15 deaths.
Deadliest Ebola Outbreaks
In contrast, Guinea has seen only one new Ebola case in the past seven days. Two people died this week from earlier cases.
The death toll from the six-month outbreak stands at 539.
There is no effective treatment for Ebola. Regional authorities have moved to halt the spread by isolating patients and urging people to avoid direct contact with those infected by the Ebola virus.
Ebola figures from Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia
On Twitter Friday, the WHO said current high risk groups include mourners who touch bodies as part of burial ceremonies, hunters in the rain forest, health workers, and family members and others who have close contact with infected people.
It says the current epicenters of the outbreak are the Kaliahun and Kenema areas of Sierra Leone, and Lofa and Monteserrado counties in Liberia. | <urn:uuid:3023ae65-fc69-4791-bfcb-25ffb1537bce> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.voanews.com/a/ebola-slows-in-guinea-spreads-in-liberia-sierra-leone/1955415.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00462-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949618 | 240 | 2.265625 | 2 |
In this TalkToMeInKorean lesson, we are introducing two more conjunctive words, 그렇지만 [geu-reo-chi-man] and 그런데 [geu-reon-de]. 그렇지만 and 그런데 both mean “but” but 그런데 has a wider range of meanings. Listen in to find out what these two words mean and how they are used!
Talk to our friends in Korean!
Talk To Me In Korean – Level 2 Lesson 6 by TalkToMeInKorean
Thank you as always for studying with us!!
You can download both the PDF lesson notes and the MP3 audio track for this lesson below, and if you want to learn with our various textbooks and workbooks, you can get them on our online bookstore at MyKoreanStore.com. If you have any questions about this lesson, please leave us comments below!
Go to the Grammar Curriculum page to see all of our grammar lessons. | <urn:uuid:7172bb4f-069f-44bb-9f72-d93cd9d4b786> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.talktomeinkorean.com/lessons/level-2-lesson-6/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00032-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.930074 | 248 | 2.4375 | 2 |
interpreting graphs of limits...
ok so say you have
the lim as x approaches -1 from the right f(x) = f(-3)
Apparently it's true by looking at the graph. The point at f(-3) =1.
And as lim as x approaches -1 from the right, it is an open circle which is 1 and a closed circle which is 2.
-I don't know why that is true since f(x) = 2 points where one is and open point and one is a closed point...I thought if you had an open and closed point then that would mean it isn't continuous or differentiable or something? | <urn:uuid:eb128ba9-1546-4591-8e6d-69685637b466> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/75944-interpreting-graphs-limits-print.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719453.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00231-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.988904 | 138 | 2.84375 | 3 |
The objective of the proposed research is to elucidate the role of Rab proteins in ?-synuclein toxicity. Alpha- synuclein (?Syn) is a principal component of Lewy bodies found pathologically in Parkinson disease (PD) and related disorders, such as dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Abnormal folding, aggregation, and deposition of ?Syn are believed to be central to development of neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. Recent data in yeast indicate that overexpression of ?Syn interferes with intracellular trafficking and results in abnormal vesicle accumulation, clustering, and toxicity. Rab proteins are members of the Ras super-family of small GTP-binding proteins and have critical functions in intracellular trafficking, membrane transport, and even neurotransmitter release. Overexpression of Rab proteins in several PD models, including yeast, worms, and flies, as well as rodent primary neurons, rescues ?Syn toxicity. Moreover, Rab proteins show increased binding to ?Syn in several neurodegenerative disorders, including DLB, MSA, and possibly also PD. Oligomeric forms of mutant ?Syn likewise appear to have increased Rab binding. Our own preliminary data confirm Rab proteins'protective role, and show that they also reduce the amount of oligomeric forms of ?Syn present in cell models of ?Syn toxicity. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that accumulation of ?Syn interferes with normal Rab function, leading to toxicity via disruption of intracellular trafficking. Alternatively, specific Rab proteins may normally protect against formation and accumulation of toxic ?Syn species, but are overwhelmed by overexpression in model systems and pathological conditions, such as PD. Enhancing Rab function may thus provide a new therapeutic opportunity for PD and related neurodegenerative disorders. The proposed experiments will therefore discern the mechanisms whereby Rab overexpression confers protection against ?Syn. My long-term goal is to develop a career aimed at understanding and ultimately finding novel therapies for PD and related neurodegenerative disorders through basic and translational research. The proposed research and career development plan, under the supervision of Dr. Bradley Hyman, will help achieve my immediate goals to obtain up-to-date molecular and genetic skills and to learn state-of-the-art imaging techniques to complement my strong neuroanatomical background. Additional expertise in viral manipulation and CNS gene delivery methods from Drs. Xandra Breakefield and Miguel Esteves will also forward my goal of eventually becoming a gene therapy expert and translating my work into potential patient therapies. Developing these research skills, along with my continued clinical training and experience are critical to becoming a successful, independent clinician-scientist committed to translational neuroscience.
The results of the proposed research are particularly relevant and critical to understanding the role of ?- synuclein in Parkinson disease and related neurodegenerative disorders. The proposed studies will test the hypothesis that ?-synuclein interferes with Rab protein function and intracellular trafficking, leading to neuronal dysfunction and toxicity. Furthermore, overexpression of Rabs may ameliorate this toxicity.
|McFarland, Nikolaus R; Dimant, Hemi; Kibuuka, Laura et al. (2014) Chronic treatment with novel small molecule Hsp90 inhibitors rescues striatal dopamine levels but not ?-synuclein-induced neuronal cell loss. PLoS One 9:e86048|
|McFarland, Nikolaus R; Okun, Michael S (2013) Movement disorders in 2012: Advancing research towards novel therapeutic approaches. Nat Rev Neurol 9:70-1|
|McFarland, Nikolaus R; Burdett, Thomas; Desjardins, Cody A et al. (2013) Postmortem brain levels of urate and precursors in Parkinson's disease and related disorders. Neurodegener Dis 12:189-98|
|Ullman, Michael; Vedam-Mai, Vinata; Resnick, Andrew S et al. (2012) Deep brain stimulation response in pathologically confirmed cases of multiple system atrophy. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 18:86-8| | <urn:uuid:5559ad1c-2784-4818-814e-02ad5f5b0e0a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/K08-NS067024-04 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00270-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.90563 | 863 | 1.804688 | 2 |
SDW30 SERIES Single, dual and triple output • • • • • • 4:1 wide input voltage range 16 models available including 3.3V outputs Input reflected ripple according to CEPT Indefinite short circuit protection EN55022 conducted emissions level B Designed to meet EN60950 and IEC950 The SDW30 series of DC/DC converters supply up to 30 Watts of output power in a 3 x 2.56 x 0.81 inch package. The series features a 4:1 wide input voltage range which ensures operation on semi-regulated distributed power voltages. Available in standard single, dual and triple outputs, the series also offers 3.3V single output models for low voltage logic applications. The SDW30 series complies with EN60950 for safety and also complies with EN55022 level B conducted emissions. All models feature continuous short circuit protection. The series boasts a high efficiency of typically 85% with tight load and line regulation. The optimized thermal design and the copper case allow operation in ambient temperatures of up to +70°C without derating. The features of the SDW series make these converters ideally suited for on board logic and distributed power systems. [ 2 YEAR WARRANTY ] SPECIFICATION All specifications are typical at nominal input, full load at 25°C unless otherwise stated OUTPUT SPECIFICATIONS EMC CHARACTERISTICS Line regulation LL to HL, single outputs LL to HL, dual outputs ±0.1% ±1.0% Conducted emissions Radiated emissions Load regulation Single outputs Dual outputs (symmetric) Triple (outputs 2 and 3) ±0.1% ±0.1% ±4.0% GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS Cross regulation (See Note 1) Duals Triples Voltage accuracy Minimum load ±2.0% 3.3V, 5V Single 12V, 15V Duals each output Triples, output 1 Overshoot At start-up Ripple and noise 20MHz bandwidth Temperature coefficient Short circuit protection 2.0% 5.0% 120mA max. 70mA max. 10% FL 10% FL 3.0% max. 1.0% pk-pk, max. 30mV rms ±0.02%/°C Hiccup mode Indefinite INPUT SPECIFICATIONS Input voltage range 24VDC nominal, FL 48VDC nominal, FL Input current 12mA 300mA 150mA Undervoltage lockout Duals and triples: 24V nominal 48V nominal 9.5VDC 19VDC Remote ON/OFF ON OFF PAGE 1 750ms, max. Duals and triples only TTL compatible TTL high or open TTL low Level B Level B 85% typ. Isolation voltage Input/output 1500VDC Isolation capacitance Input/output 1nF Switching frequency Fixed Approvals and standards Designed to meet Case material 100kHz typ. UL94V-0 Weight MTBF EN60950 IEC950 Black coated, metal case Material flammability 250g (8.83oz) MIL-HDBK-217F 300,000 hours ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS Thermal performance Operating ambient -10°C to +70°C (See derating curve) Non-operating -25°C to +95°C Case +95°C max. Derating See derating curve Cooling Free air convection cooled Relative humidity Non-condensing Altitude Operating Non operating 10,000 feet max. 40,000 feet max. Vibration 5Hz to 500Hz 2.5G rms (approx.) See table Singles: 48VDC, FL 24VDC, FL 48VDC, FL Start-up time Efficiency 10 to 36VDC 20 to 72VDC Input reflected ripple EN55022, FCC part 15 EN55022, FCC part 15 30% to 95% DC/DC CONVERTERS | 30W DC/DC 30 Watt Wide input DC/DC converters INPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT INPUT TYPICAL REGULATION (Typ.) VOLTAGE VOLTAGE CURRENT CURRENT EFFICIENCY LINE LOAD NUMBER 10-36VDC 3.3V 5000mA 941mA 73% ±0.1% ±0.1% SDW30-243V3 10-36VDC 5.0V 5000mA 1302mA 80% ±0.1% ±0.1% SDW30-24S05 10-36VDC 12V 2500mA 1500mA 83% ±0.1% ±0.1% SDW30-24S12 10-36VDC 15V 2000mA 1500mA 83% ±0.1% ±0.1% SDW30-24S15 10-36VDC ±12V ±1250mA 1500mA 83% ±0.1% ±0.1% SDW30-24D12 10-36VDC ±15V ±1000mA 1500mA 83% ±0.1% ±0.1% SDW30-24D15 10-36VDC 5V/±12V 3000mA/±600mA 1490mA 82% ±1.0% ±4.0% SDW30-24T05-12 10-36VDC 5V/±12V 3000mA/±500mA 1490mA 82% ±1.0% ±4.0% SDW30-24T05-15 20-72VDC 3.3V 5000mA 470mA 73% ±0.1% ±0.1% SDW30-48S3V3 20-72VDC 5.0V 5000mA 651mA 80% ±0.1% ±0.1% SDW30-48S05 20-72VDC 12V 2500mA 750mA 83% ±0.1% ±0.1% SDW30-48S12 20-72VDC 15V 2000mA 735mA 85% ±0.1% ±0.1% SDW30-48S15 20-72VDC ±12V ±1250mA 750mA 83% ±0.1% ±0.1% SDW30-48D12 20-72VDC ±15V ±1000mA 750mA 83% ±0.1% ±0.1% SDW30-48D15 20-72VDC 5V/±12V 3000mA/±600mA 745mA 83% ±1.0% ±4.0% SDW30-48T05-12 20-72VDC 5V/±15V 3000mA/±500mA 745mA 83% ±1.0% ±4.0% SDW30-48T05-15 Notes 1 2 PIN CONNECTIONS Cross regulation: Duals: output 1, full load, 2.0%; output 2, minimum load, 2.0%. Triples: output 1, full load, 2.0%; output 2 vs. output 3, 0.5%; Triples: outputs 2 and 3 vs. output 1, 7.0%. TTL logic: on-state TTL high or open; off-state TTL low. Pinout A (Single, Dual and Triple) 0.20 (5.10) 0.30 (7.60) 0.70 (17.80) 0.22 (5.50) 0.40 (10.20) 0.81 (20.60) 0.26 (6.60) 7 Ø 0.04 Dia. (1.00) 6 5 4 PIN NO. SINGLE DUAL TRIPLE 1 + Input + Input + Input 2 - Input - Input - Input 3 No Pin No Connection + Output (V2) 4 No Connection Common Common 5 No Pin - Output (V2) - Output (V3) 6 + Output + Output (V1) + Output (V1) 7 - Output Common Common 8 No Connection Control Control 3 DERATING CURVE 2.50 (63.50) Output Power (Watts) 2 0.30 (7.60) 1 Output Power (Watts) BOTTOM VIEW 3.00 (76.20) MODEL 8 0.40 (10.20) 0.60 (15.20) 1.44 (36.60) 2.56 (65.00) 70°C 30W 95°C 0W -10°C 0°C 20°C 40°C 60°C 80°C 100°C Ambient Temperature (°C) ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES (mm) Tolerance : ±0.008 (0.2) max. on pin placement ±0.02 (0.5) max. on outer dimensions http://www.artesyn.com PAGE 2 DS_SDW30_19981201.PDF Data Sheet © Artesyn Technologies, “REG. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off”, 2000 The information and specifications contained in this data sheet are believed to be correct at time of publication. However, Artesyn Technologies accepts no responsibility for consequences arising from printing errors or inaccuracies. Specifications are subject to change without notice. No rights under any patent accompany the sale of any such product(s) or information contained herein. | <urn:uuid:c6be8c9e-0e64-4ae3-a507-6139bf55294c> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://dtsheet.com/doc/727598/artesyn-sdw30 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720153.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00324-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.681462 | 1,934 | 1.5 | 2 |
The government of Ghana is currently working on to deploy ‘Big Data’ to rationalise the collection, processing, storing and sharing of data among government agencies.
This is expected to be the next major jump in the journey to completely digitise the Ghanaian economy.
According to Minister of Communications and Digitalisation, Ursula Owusu-Ekuful, ‘Big Data’ is expected to come with the needed data analytics platform which will help make proper sense of all the data being mined across government.
It will also help government track trends across the ecosystem, make projections based on data modelling techniques that will be critical for decision making across the spectrum.
Speaking at the World Development Report by the World Bank, Mrs. Ursula-Ekuful said ‘Big Data’ architecture also takes into consideration the data generated and stored within the private sector to ensure that there is seamless sharing of data across both private and public sectors.
She explained further that the ‘Big Data’ regime is expected to bring transparency and efficiency in the way data is utilized.
“The built-in artificial intelligence component will ensure real time update of the different models for different stakeholders. Government will then be able to make policy decision based on data science and communicate effectively to citizens who would have access to the same data. This should improve on the trust relationship between government and citizenry”.
“One of the most important outlooks of this initiative is the real and accurate information to the business community from the staples of government. The business community can make targeted investments in critical, high growth sectors of the economy where return on investment is high to enable economic growth”, she added.
Some identified sectorial models for the Big Data programme include Big Data for Healthcare, Big Data for Agriculture, and Big Data for Governance, Big Data for Trade and Bid Data for Security. Other are Big Data for Education, Big Data for Finance, big Data for Disaster Management and Big Data for recreation.
Sharing of real time information is also expected to improve security across the country as the security and intelligence agencies can target scarce resources to where it is needed most based on timely and accurate data.
Ursula Owusu-Ekuful said the partnership between development partners, civil societies and government is expected to improve as there will be more reliable and uniform data across all sectors of the economy readily available in the governance process.
On the commercial side, she pointed out government is looking to model a regulated commercial framework around big data.
This will encourage institutions, both private and public, to generate more data.
The Data Exchange Hub: will provide the infrastructure, protocols and framework for data sharing across public and private sectors. It will provide the needed APIs to integrate with critical government systems to provide data input in real time, the cost of data (hits) and the use of the data that is accessed will be managed through the data governance framework to minimise data abuse and privacy issues.
Data Governance Framework: The Big Data initiatives is expected to be deployed with a data governance framework which will define data value, data exchange protocols, security channels and protocols, data governance hierarchy, data exchange dispute resolution protocols, etc.
Rural Telephony Project for Connectivity: The underlying infrastructure to ensure that government get more value out of this data ecosystem it is building. GIFEC through the rural telephony project is extending connectivity to the most rural part of the communities with shared community base stations to allow all telco providers to be able to provide services to the rural folks without the CAPEX overhead on the part of the telco providers. This will facilitate access to the data ecosystem.
Ghana Card Integration for Identity of Persons and Corporates: The ongoing integration of the Ghana Card as the identity platform for persons across the ecosystem is part of the effort to sanitise, standardise and share data across the ecosystem. The Ghana Card is providing single identity services to persons whiles RGD is expected to provide single identity to institutions and companies across the ecosystem to build trust. This government believes will help in the standardisation of data across all platforms.
- Kofi Adoma assaulted by unknown men at Old Ashongman
- Commonwealth Games: Joseph Paul Amoah wins bronze in men’s 200m event
- Fire outbreak in Kronum community in Ashanti, 1 trapped
- Commonwealth and Mensah Sarbah Hall clash: Persons found culpable will be sanctioned – UG Management
- Joseph Commey misses out on Commonwealth Games boxing gold after falling sick on fight eve
- Commonwealth and Mensah Sarbah clash: Police deployed to UG campus
- Commonwealth Games: Sports Minister asks for report on Ghana’s disqualification from men’s 4x100m
- 18-year-old dies in Kronum fire while attempting to salvage father’s property
- Akufo-Addo commissions North East RCC Administration block
- Getting rid of defaulting political parties by EC is in the right direction – CDD-Ghana
Bundesliga: Borussia Dortmund tempering great expectations after holding off Bayer Leverkusen
5 SMEs begin business development training at Recycle Up! Ghana
Kronum-Afrancho fire: 18-year-old SHS student burnt to death
Ghanaians must apologize to Moesha Buduong – Efe Keyz
Parties at loggerheads must not be compelled to engage in ADR mediation – Martin Nwosu
Asogli State ushers in 2022 Te Za with hiking on Adaklu Mountain
‘Your footprints will remain indelible in North East’ – Nayiri applauds Akufo-Addo
Insurance Industry to launch 2022 nation-wide blood donation campaign on Aug 9
Women should be advocates for Alternative Disputes Resolution – Dr. Korang
MyHelp-YourHelp Foundation organises free health screening at Ashiaman
Akufo-Addo commissions North East YEA multipurpose office
University of Ghana set to hold public discussion on academic freedom
‘Breaking the 8’ is possible but requires unity, peace among all party members – Dr Adutwum
Ghana finish 7th as Nigeria storm to 4x100m gold in Commonwealth Games women’s relay
18-year-old dies in Kronum fire while attempting to salvage father’s property | <urn:uuid:fb9395e8-6ee5-4ce7-9abb-977fb1e0b3d2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.myjoyonline.com/government-to-deploy-big-data-across-its-agencies-to-fully-digitise-economy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.898411 | 1,393 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Growing the Internet of Things, part 4: Future proofing
What will it take to really grow the Internet of Things (IoT)? The answer is complex and multifaceted, and we have to consider the following areas:
- Ease of use
- Future proofing
In part 1 we discussed the Cost of IoT devices, and how it will be driven down in the near future thanks to more highly integrated technology solutions and economies of scale. Part 2 discussed factors that device manufacturers need to consider to ensure ease of use for lay end users, and part 3 addressed the market factors that will result in fewer wireless standards and application-layer protocols, which in turn will help the market grow.
In part 4, we turn the crosshairs to Future Proofing.
Future proofing is one of the most exciting parts of the IoT – and the most concerning for many. Future proofing means that I can reach into a device that you own and update its software – without your permission or participation! What a wonderful capability – unless it is done badly. When Tesla successfully rolls out a security update or other updates to enhance functionality in its cars, the company receives glowing accolades in the media. Similarly, when Nest experienced an issue in the “wave to hush” feature in its smoke detectors and turned off that feature until it was fixed, it was written up as a point of success for the IoT.
Other articles and news reports have focused on the failures of other IoT devices and services. For example, when a software update resulted in Wink connected home hubs failing to connect properly, customers had to ship their hubs back to Wink for software updates. In other instances, the shutdown of backend servers resulted in devices no longer working as was reported for Revolv hubs and TCP Connected Light Bulbs not working remotely. Failures like these, when a product a consumer has purchased and installed stops all or some of its functions due to remote action on a server, change dynamics. These experiences are frustrating for consumers and result in a black eye for the IoT in general.
However, it is clear that consumers are getting comfortable with regular device updates. Products are no longer something that vendors sell and forget about. Now you can understand your customers’ usage habits, find and fix problems, and add new functions – all remotely. My favorite example is the Amazon Echo. My children took to the Alexa voice activation and commands instantly. Amazon sends me an e-mail every Friday with new functions Echo has learned and new capabilities for the device. Echo launched with 70 skills and now has more than 1700. With the Echo, Amazon has taken future proofing to the next level and really demonstrated it on a week-by-week basis.
The Amazon Echo may be an extreme case, as most companies cannot keep up with a weekly set of updates to their devices. But it is now becoming very common for the devices in my home to be updating software to add new capabilities. My LED lighting started as connected lights with color control (and voice through the Echo). I can now get apps to synch my lights to music, trigger from actions through my Echo (such as having a timer going off), or Philips Hue lighting reflect the colors from the movie I am watching. Many of these capabilities are not available from Philips, but from third-party applications that control the lights through the released interfaces for Hue.
These advanced capabilities continually being added to devices are a great way to experiment and find out what works best. Having my lights turn on when I unlock my front door at night is a useful feature, but it means my door lock and lights have to share information. However, I don’t actually trust my lights to send an unlock command to my door lock since that is likely a security risk.
The context for these automatic actions is also critical. My lights turning on in my office when I walk into the room always seems like a good idea, but that’s a bad idea in my bedroom when my wife is sleeping. We have to make the systems smart enough that consumers can enter simple rules and linkages between devices based on their behavior and needs. As we can expect end user requirements to change over time, the rules also need to be easy to modify or delete when they are no longer useful.
The future proofing of devices is really about designers giving themselves and the consumer flexibility for future growth. This is more than just updating software, but may also mean having sensors or other controls that may not be used in the initial product shipment but can be turned on later when needed. As more products show this capacity to grow and learn, future proofing becomes an expected behavior from consumers when they use a connected device.
Next Up: Security. | <urn:uuid:9c77e9ae-ed64-4ab6-84cc-c97ec04b39d7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://embedded-computing.com/guest-blogs/growing-the-internet-of-things-part-4-future-proofing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00089-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959248 | 964 | 1.921875 | 2 |
What is a Student Success Plan?
The Student Success Plan strives to provide strategies for students to persist in college and to meet their academic goals.
This page is designed to help educate you on information relevant to your success and will end with you creating your own Success Plan where you will identify your own area(s) of academic difficulty and formulate steps to develop a plan to overcome barriers.
Information for Success
The following categories of information are vital for success. Go through the applicable groups before going on to create your Success Plan.
What does it mean to be on academic probation?
If your cumulative grade-point average (GPA) falls below 2.0, you will be placed on academic probation. Your cumulative GPA consists of all semesters combined at Honolulu Community College. This does not include the grades from other campuses.
What happens when you are on probation?
You need to earn a 2.0 GPA or higher for the current semester. If not, you will be suspended from HCC for one semester. To return, you must reapply to the college and complete the Petition for Readmission Following Academic Suspension form with my Counselor.
G.P.A. stands for Grade Point Average and can be calculated as long as you know how many credits you have and the GPA points for those credits.
GPA = GPA Points / GPA Credits
GPA points are awarded based on the grade you get in a class. For example the scale would be:
- A = 4 points
- B = 3 points
- C = 2 points
- D = 1 point
- F = 0 points
GPA credits are the number of credits you have taken in courses in which you have received a grade.
Not included in GPA credits are things like classes you have taken as credit/no-credit (CR/NC), you withdrew from with or without a “W”, as well audited or incomplete classes.
Test Your GPA Knowledge
Calculate Your GPA
No matter what, there are only 24 hours in a day! Usually, you will want to devote at least 1-2 hours of study time for each credit hour you are enrolled in each semester. In addition to credit hours and study time, you will still have to allocate for the time you spend outside of school. This could include things like: time spent getting around (transportation), getting ready, hanging out with friends and family, as well as work and other personal commitments you may have.
Fill in the number of hours you use for each topic below to get an idea of how much time you may have after you factor in all these areas of your life:
Communicating for Success
Communicating for success
Communicating with your instructor is a great way to make sure you are always on the same page with the requirements for the classes you are enrolled in as well as the best source to clarify those requirements as well.
WHY to communicate with your instructor:
- Opportunity to introduce yourself
- Opportunity to ask clarifying questions on class materials or requirements
- Ask for tips on how to be successful in class from the person who will be providing your grade
- Find out where you stand in the class grade-wise
WAYS to communicate with your instructor:
- Before or after class
- Office hours
- In class
You will want to plan on spending at least 2 hours out of class for every one hour in class with studying and related activities. So an example would be:
|English 100||3||3 credits x 2 = 6|
|Math 100||3||3 credits x 2 = 6|
|Total||6 hours per week||12 study hours per week|
Study habits to consider
- Good study time vs not-so-good study time
- Where you study
There are many resources that are available to help you in your success.
Your Success Plan
Want to create your own success plan? Click here to do so! | <urn:uuid:dd73c44a-d004-4123-841d-10d1ee08bbda> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.honolulu.hawaii.edu/academic-counseling/success-plan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.943594 | 929 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Leaves of Grass
- United States
More informationAmerican poet Walt Whitman’s Leaves of Grass, is a collection of poems notable for its frank delight in and praise of the senses, during a time when such candid displays were considered immoral. Where much previous poetry, especially English, relied on symbolism, allegory, and meditation on the religious and spiritual, Leaves of Grass exalted the body and the material world.
Whitman was inspired to begin Leaves of Grass after reading an essay by Ralph Waldo Emerson which expressed a need for a uniquely American poet. When the book was first published, Whitman sent a copy to Emerson, whose praiseful letter of response helped launch the book to success. Whitman’s hero, Abraham Lincoln, read and enjoyed an early version of Leaves of Grass. Despite such high recommendations, Whitman faced charges of obscenity and immorality for his work, but this only led to increased popularity of the book.
Whitman continually revised and republished Leaves of Grass throughout his lifetime, notably adding the “Drum-Taps” section after Lincoln’s assassination. The book grew from 12 poems in its first publication, which Whitman paid for and typeset himself, to nearly 400 poems in its final, “Death Bed Edition.” This recording is of the final edition. (Summary adapted from wikipedia.org by Annie Coleman) | <urn:uuid:a63e5b3a-0eea-406e-9e76-10e32753bd6e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://tunein.com/audio-books/Leaves-of-Grass-p741702/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00282-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960187 | 282 | 3.296875 | 3 |
150 Persuasive Essay Topics for Students
Have you ever wondered why you are not getting bored of reading or even re-reading the classics of American literature? A great persuasive essay is more attention-grabbing because it calls for your critical thinking and analytical skills. It covers some aspects that are on the rise in society. However, we bet this art can be learned. Do you want to try?
WHAT IS A PERSUASIVE ESSAY AND WHAT DOES IT CONSIST OF
A persuasive essay or argument essay is a call for action that utilizes the arsenal of evidence and influence to make the audience think critically, reconsider the topic and adopt the writer’s opinion. Writing persuasive speeches is a necessary tool to impact public opinion and change people’s perception of certain things.
A good persuasive essay of a high academic level consists of three main parts, which are the introduction, the body, and the conclusion.
The introduction provides background information about the chosen persuasive essay topic and grabs the readers’ attention. The better you write this part, the more successful your essay will be. The introduction should end with a clear thesis statement.
The body should provide arguments to support your thesis. It should be split into several paragraphs, each focusing on a particular point. This is the part where you can do your research and present your opinion to the world. It usually takes time to prepare a good speech to impact your peers in college or school.
The conclusion is something that draws the line and makes every reader or listener think of the speech topics more, critically assessing the evidence presented by the writer before adopting his or her point of view.
HOW TO SELECT A GREAT PERSUASIVE ESSAY TOPIC?
Writing essays of a different kind is well-established practice in our education system. However, before getting to write an essay, you need to choose a subject matter that would be interesting to the audience. Here is a quick guide to choosing the best topic for your essay.
- Do a detailed research
Before you start, think of which issues can be relevant to your community. It can relate to health, medicine, social media, animal life, money, politics, free education, etc. Try to research them as good as you can to find the one that you like most.
- Decide on the level of education of your target audience
It is critically important to address your target audience with the words they understand. Mind the level of education of your audience, be it high school, college or university students, and decide how to build your speech.
- Be specific and provide details
Much of your success depends on your ability to persuade the audience. You should choose only those arguments that can be researched well and supported by solid evidence.
- Your topic should be debatable
The more controversial is your topic, the more attention you will be able to grab. You can easily manoeuvre from topic to topic while discussing the issues that are relevant to the public and you can choose a listed discursive essay topic that will appropriate for your preferences. Do not choose too scientific and complex issues since your audience may not be well-versed in them.
- Use help if you need
There are plenty of online sources and websites where you can find inspiration and choose the topic you want to discuss for free. You also can find an essay writer in the US who can help you out with writing.
- Would it be better if high school students completed community service hours to graduate?
- Do you think students should be allowed to listen to music during study hall?
- Should students have to be on the honor roll in order to play sports?
- Do you think elementary and high school students should be allowed to use cell phones at school?
- Art and music programs in public schools are an essential part of education.
- Would it be better to introduce a set of skills tests for students, before they graduate high school?
- Should free college tuition be offered to poor children?
- Teachers should have to pass a test of basic skills every decade to renew their certifications.
- Do you believe that students who are responsible for cyberbullying should be expelled from school?
- Schools should have the right to search students’ personal property (backpacks, lockers, pockets) to fight drugs in schools.
- Why we shouldn’t use disposable diapers.
- Hybrid cars are good for the environment.
- We should use algae to make oil instead of drilling.
- We should keep our community clean.
- Should only native plants be grown in gardens?
- Should the the United States limit the use of natural resources?
- Why hydraulic fracturing should be banned.
- Should there be stricter laws for protecting endangered species?
- How pollution is negatively affecting humanity.
- More people should carpool or use public transportation.
- Female genital mutilation should be stopped.
- Should assisted suicide be legal for people who suffer from terminal illnesses?
- Do you think the death penalty is the best punishment for dangerous criminals?
- Should you base your perspective of people on stereotypes you have heard?
- Are people morally obligated to help the poor?
- Is it ethical to eat meat?
- Do you think female construction workers should have the same salary as male construction workers?
- Should product testing on animals or humans be allowed?
- Wearing fur is unethical.
- Why you should not choose your child’s genetics.
Easy and Simple
- We should do more to end poverty and world hunger.
- Money can’t buy love or happiness.
- Children should be offered incentives for doing right, rather than punishment for wrongdoing.
- People should not text while driving.
- Celebrities who break the law should receive stiffer penalties.
- We should value the elders in our society and learn from their wisdom.
- Teachers should pass a basic exam every few years to renew their certification.
- Cities should offer free bike-sharing programs.
- More recycling should be encouraged.
- People should eat less junk food.
- Buy products that are made in the USA.
- Daylight savings time has many advantages for our economy.
- Should products manufactured outside the the United States come with an additional tax?
- Hiring cheaper foreign employees hurts our economy.
- The oil companies are to blame for the rising energy prices.
- Free trade agreements are bad for workers.
- In most countries the economy is in the mighty hands of just a few multinational corporations.
- The minimum wage should be increased.
- The trade deficit with China is dangerous.
- Should underaged people be allowed to consume alcohol at home, with parental permission?
- Is it appropriate for children to watch horror movies?
- Why kids should not play R rated games.
- Parental pressure on child actors and athletes is harmful.
- Should teenagers be allowed to purchase violent video games?
- Should children 13 or younger be allowed to watch music videos or music channels like MTV?
- Why parents should not hit their children.
- Do you think those older than 13 should be allowed into R-rated movies?
- Fairy tales are good for young children.
- Those under 16 should not be allowed to date.
- Men should wear pink.
- Jewelry: Less Is More.
- Fashion Reveals Your True Identity.
- Choose an Eco-Fashion Fabrics Wardrobe!
- Fashion Is An Expression Of The Character
- Are Sustainable Clothes Really Sustainable?
- Do you think it would be fair for the government to detain suspected terrorists without proper trial?
- Should flag burning as a form of protest be prohibited?
- Should every day begin with a silent prayer at school?
- Why alcohol should be illegal.
- Prayer in schools should not be mandatory.
- Purchasing a car is smarter than leasing one.
- The Chinese Yuan / Japanese Yen / European Euro will all surpass the Dollar as leading currency.
- Why banks should ban hats and sunglasses to avoid robberies.
- Phase the penny coin out.
- Severe budget cuts are the only way to maximise good financial results.
- The Euro currency will oust the dollar.
- Reservation casinos are only beneficial if managed correctly.
- Student loans should be forgiven.
- The Japanese yen is affected by the weakness of the dollar.
- Keeping a close eye on personal finance is key in achieving something in life.
- National debt is everyones problem.
- To be a business owner you must learn to be well organized.
- Advertising has tons of mind games.
- Just because someone knows you it doesn’t mean you owe them any discounts.
- The importance of understanding niche marketing.
- It’s important that a business should have personality.
- You should never go into business with family members.
- Business will harden you.
- Advertising standards should be higher.
- Why introverts make good leaders.
- Owning a business means you will lose your friends.
- Should more pets be adopted than bought from a breeder?
- Are pitbulls a vicious breed?
- Should a dog that has bitten somebody be executed?
- Should we tame wild animals like lions and sharks.
- Should battery farming still be legal?
- Should ‘factory farming’ be banned?
- Adopting pets is the best choice.
- How do puppy mills affect us?
- The benefits of having pets.
- Why cats make the perfect pet.
Food and Drink
- Farmers’ markets should be increased.
- The promise of genetically engineered food.
- The history of added sugar in our food.
- Cooking should be taught in schools.
- Do you believe companies who manufacture alcohol should be allowed to advertise on TV?
- Eating organic is good for your health.
- We should all grow our own vegetables.
- Why people should cook.
- Why peanuts are amazing.
- Get artificial hormones out of food.
- Drink more orange juice.
- Should we donate unused food from supermarkets?
- Genetically modified foods should be labeled.
- Every child should learn to cook.
- Eat more fruits and vegetables.
- Should young children use booster seats in vehicles?
- Share the road with bikes.
- Why police should not chase a car.
- Watch out for animals when driving.
- Driving tests should be free.
- Hands-free cell phone use in cars should be promoted.
- Why sports cars are dangerous.
- Should the driving age be 14?
- Drivers should have to take three courses before getting a license.
- Should the public first learn how to drive a manual transmission before obtaining their license?
- The danger of texting and driving.
- Why you should buy a Japanese car.
- Diamonds are a girls best friends.
- Music has the power to heal.
- Couples need to live together before getting married.
- We all need to be childish.
- Parents must be prepared for the ‘birds and bees’ talk.
- Allow kids to believe in Santa.
- Pick up lines do work.
- Smokers have more acquaintances.
- Ghosts are not real.
- Cake is not cake if it is dry.
- African- American achievements should be celebrated.
- Why Lincoln was the best President.
- Did the American Army provide their soldiers drugs during the Vietnam war?
- The moon landing was a lie.
- Revisionist history is dangerous.
Funny and Humorous
- You should not be Facebook friends with your mom.
- Why funny pick-up lines work.
- Millennials should stop wearing spandex yoga pants all the time.
- Shoes that don’t fit right are hazardous to your health.
- Argumentative essays are pointless.
- If things go wrong, your horoscope is to blame.
- Blondes are not as dumb as they look.
- Dads are more fun than moms.
- Students should not have to do a persuasive speech in front of a large audience. | <urn:uuid:344cc7db-0ffc-4578-babe-abe2a06f49ea> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://assignmentbro.com/blog/persuasive-essay-topics | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.91343 | 2,565 | 2.890625 | 3 |
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The Women’s Tax Resistance League (1909–1918) was a group closely associated with the Women's Freedom League (estb 1907), which supported non payment of taxes until women secured the vote.The Women's Tax Resistance League was officially established on the 22nd October 1909
The Women's Freedom League colours were Yellow (or Gold), White and Green
Uxbridge Women’s Tax Resistance League.On Thursday evening,Katherine Ann Raleigh
Katherine Ann Raleigh (8 Park Road, Uxbridge) was the most influential Suffragette in the Uxbridge area, and was the driving force behind the Uxbridge NUWSS, Women's Freedom League and Women's Tax Resistance League.Eldest in a gifted family, she was University women and a member of the University Club. When she arrived in Uxbridge, she drew around her a circle of friends at her weekly gatherings to whom she freely gave the benefits of her knowledge of literature and her talent for dramatic reading.A Greek scholar, Librarian for the Hellenic society, She spent much time in Germany studying Folk lore, Member of English Folk Lore Society.Katherine Ann Raleigh, became well known for her Suffragette work, wrote numerous pamphlets.Raleigh was the first women (Uxbridge) council candidate in the BoroughKatherine Ann Raleigh died in January 1922 and is buried at Abney Park Cemetery, Highbury.Katherine Raleigh deserves more recognition within the Borough. Photo Gazette 22 January 1922In 1913 Marion Cunningham was secretary of the Hayes-Southall Women's Freedom League, lead by Charlotte Despard (see other posts)In July 1917 Miss Katherine Ann Raleigh, the assiduous local worker on behalf of the Women's cause (Suffragette) had refused to pay certain taxes as a protest to the government in not guarantying the franchise (Vote) to women,
Her property was seized and sold on this occasion a half dozen silver tea spoons in a case. these were bought by another suffragette Miss Underwood ( Believe this is F. A Underwood 31 Rush Hill Road, Clapham (Clapham Women's Freedom League)Tory thugs broke up Women's Tax Resistance League and other suffragette meetings in West Drayton and HarefieldUxbridge Tax Resistance League held meetings at the Pump Uxbridge
Hayes-Southall Women's Freedom League
Secretary: Marion Cunningham
Hillingdon Herald - Women's Centre circa 1988Quaker Suffrage Society established 1911
Secretary Sophia Seeking 6 Brookfield, West Hill, Highgate, London
Evelina Haverfield nee Scarlett was born in Scotland on the 9th August 1867. On her marriage to Major Henry Haverfield she moved to Devon, Caundle Marsh, Dorset and later Peace Cottage, Brendon, North Devon.
She accompanied her second husband John Blaguy to South Africa, where he was in the militar y. Her sister Ella Scarlett- Synage) a doctor, was also in South Africa working with Millicent Fawcett in monitoring the British Concentration camps for Boer prisoners and their families.
On her return to Britain, Evelina Haverfield became a prominent suffragette, initially involved in in the West of England National Union of Women Suffrage Societies (NUWSS) she joined the Women's Social & Political Union (WSPU) 1909 and became secretary of Paddington branch of the WSPU in 1910.
Her horse riding skills were used to great advantage by the suffragettes when tackling mounted police and in providing mounted horse escorts for suffragette events.
She was arrested for her part in the suffragette "Black Friday" on 18th November 1910 an accused of assaulting a police officer, on her arrest she was reported as stating that " next time I will bring a revolver".
A year later, 1911 she was sent to Holloway jail for two weeks for her part in suffragette disturbances on 21st November 1911
By 1914 she had joined Sylvia Pankhurst's East London Federation becoming its treasurer.
It was during her suffragette work that Haverfield came into contact with Vera Holme, who would later become her Lesbian partner.
During World War One Haverfield was appointed Commandant in Chief of Women's Reserve Ambulance (Green Cross Society) in August 1914, but left after a disagreement and became involved in the Scottish Women's Hospital in Serbia from 1915.
She spent the rest of her life fighting for the rights of the Serbian people
Evelina Haverfield died on the 21st March 1920 of pneumonia in Bajina Basta , Serbia, and is buried in the local cemetery, later a children's health centre was named after her in the town.
Picure right of Evelina's grave (Thanks to Tom Allan) | <urn:uuid:f34969b9-e180-454c-a14e-5985cec1b043> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ourhistory-hayes.blogspot.co.uk/2012/01/womens-tax-resistance-league-19091918.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00154-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974458 | 1,001 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Just like the sex is not binary sometimes, preferably upcoming education will also have a look at some body tasked intersex on birth
- Agender (a– meaning “maybe not, without”) otherwise neutrois (drawn once the a mix of the brand new French terms and conditions getting neuter and you will three) people don’t select that have people intercourse; when you’re their interior positioning are sex-simple, they could individually present in numerous means or explore different pronouns.
- Xenogender (centered on xeno-, meaning “international, invitees, strange”) is often utilized because the an enthusiastic umbrella term having an entire group away from nonbinary genders that will be discussed by the characteristics with no family relations anyway so you’re able to “female” otherwise “male.”
Almost every other gender identities can get vary between or select the sex inside the male, female, otherwise androgynous implies, versus a predetermined name because the a “man” otherwise “woman.”
While the gender is not binary both, if at all possible future education also examine individuals assigned intersex in the delivery
- Genderqueer, genderfluid, or genderflux somebody sense a fluid or changing (and this –water and you can –flux) gender certainly many different identities and you may expressions.
- Pangender (pan– definition “all) men and women have an intercourse label one to surrounds this new entirety of your own sex range.
- Bigender (bi–, “two”), demigender (demi–, “half”), otherwise intergender (inter-, “between”) people get slim way more to the you to definitely gender identity than just some other, including a good demigirl.
It’s also important to note that community plays a role in the way we select gender. Including, Indian hijra and Samoan fa’afafine societies acknowledge a beneficial “third sex.” The word a couple-soul is even utilized by specific progressive Native North americans so you’re able to define Local members of their communities whose intimate, intercourse, otherwise spiritual title isn’t binary or heterosexual.
Nonbinary identities together with rules
In some places in america, there is today judge recognition regarding men and women besides male and female, like launching the latest page X just like the an excellent nonbinary and other intercourse ple, by 2019 throughout the county out-of Oregon, any person can find X on their driver’s license or identification card without the conditions from proof of sex.
Intersex folks have and battled courtroom battles having their proper sexes approved with the beginning certificates, such as for example nonbinary intersex journalist and you will activist Hida Viloria, who was simply capable change the lady beginning certificate to “intersex” for the New york inside the 2017. Intersex children is actually produced having some of numerous variations in sex features and chromosomes, gonads, sex hormonal, otherwise vagina that do not match an average meanings to own men or females bodies. Gender cannot determine sex, and you can intersex some body get become adults to recognize as the male, ladies, nonbinary, or any other intercourse identity.
Based on the current conclusions on Trevor Opportunity, we are able to observe that, if you are transgender and nonbinary some body as a whole provides high costs out of suicidality than just the cisgender co-worker, you can find differences between transgender and nonbinary anyone. Words to possess nonbinary identities lets us to see in which the nonbinary society might need extra service otherwise focus, and also to find variations in consequences dependent on demands based on sex project in the birth.
When describing a nonbinary identity, sex assigned during the delivery is commonly made use of just like the a beneficial shorthand to establish your term, e.g., if perhaps you were tasked people at the delivery (abbreviated once the AFAB nonbinary) or if you were tasked male within birth (AMAB nonbinary). Sex assignment are never accustomed describe a person’s intercourse, nonetheless it provide researchers with information on the differences in stayed feel predicated on identified gender or health care pressures from the an individual’s human anatomy or physiology.
When we look at the results for apparent symptoms of despair, we are able to see that cisgender LGBQ (lesbian, homosexual, bisexual, or queer) lady and transgender people have equivalent consequences-but disparities exists certainly trans men and AFAB nonbinary someone.
However, it’s important to keep in mind that there are various of battles for the transgender and you can nonbinary area. We can’t just state one gender label provides they bad across every effects, since battles each and every gender name mentioned listed here is some other, intersectional, and cutting-edge. Words allows us to gather investigation to greatly help see such intricacies. | <urn:uuid:4cf64631-f8e4-4552-83ec-1cb62df4c4ca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hotelstraznice.cz/exactly-how-code-issues-towards-the-nonbinary-area/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.928223 | 1,039 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Swiss drugmaker Novartis said flu vaccines that Italy has banned from sale are safe and it does not expect other countries to take similar action.
Italy banned four anti-influenza vaccines produced by Novartis on Wednesday pending tests for possible side effects after small particles were found in some of the injections.
Chief executive Joseph Jimenez defended the vaccines on Thursday after Novartis reported third-quarter sales that missed forecasts, as the strong dollar and the loss of its U.S. patent for top-selling blood pressure drug Diovan took a toll.
He said the drugs posed no risk to patients' safety, despite the presence of small particles.
Asked whether the manufacturing glitch in Italy was the latest in a series of quality control problems, Jimenez said: "I do not think that is the case."
Manufacturing problems have posed a headache for Novartis this year as it tried to resolve quality issues at U.S. manufacturing sites for its Consumer Health and Sandoz divisions.
Jimenez, who sent a memo to staff earlier this year stressing the need to boost quality, said he did not know how long the Italian investigations would last and declined to comment on its potential cost to the company.
The Swiss health watchdog also suspended deliveries of two vaccines due to "possible impurities," but Jimenez said he did not expect other countries to take action although he could not rule it out.
Some analysts see Novartis' vaccine division as a problem area, whose hopes hinge on the successful European approval of Bexsero, a vaccine against meningococcal B disease.
Sales in the unit fell 11 percent in the third quarter, hit by lower northern hemisphere flu sales.
"Vaccines were very weak, more so than our already pessimistic forecast, and remain a drag," said Deutsche Bank analysts in a note. "Delayed shipments and lower flu sales, are continuing to place investor focus on this problem area for the company."
Shares in Novartis were trading down 0.4 percent at 56.95 francs by 0936 GMT, compared to a 0.5 percent firmer European Healthcare index.
Third-quarter sales fell 7 percent to $13.81 billion, compared with a forecast for $14.03 billion in a Reuters poll.
Sales at Sandoz fell 13 percent to $2 billion, hit by growing competition for enoxaparin, a copycat version of blood thinner Lovenox originally produced by Sanofi.
The consumer health division also suffered from manufacturing problems at its Lincoln site, which has annualized sales of $1 billion. Novartis said it was taking longer than expected to restart commercial production.
Net income of $2.48 billion was similar to a year ago, as sales of its newest products such as multiple sclerosis pill Gilenya and breast cancer drug Afinitor helped offset declines in older products.
Sales of Diovan, which went off patent in the United States on September 21, fell 32 percent in the third quarter to $969 million.
Novartis confirmed its outlook for 2012 and said the strong dollar would shave approximately 3-4 percent off full-year sales and 2-3 percent off operating profit. This is a slightly smaller impact than it forecast in the second quarter. | <urn:uuid:ec00a959-3b35-4bd6-a753-e9547e6f1d47> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.foxnews.com/health/2012/10/25/novartis-defends-flu-vaccines-after-italian-ban.html?intcmp=related | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00085-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968416 | 671 | 1.617188 | 2 |
This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers.
In todays society, people are advancing their knowledge in the medical field at quite a fast pace. Treatments, cures, and vaccines for various diseases and disorders are being developed constantly, and yet, coronary heart disease remains the number one killer in the world. However it seems in today's society a heart attack simply is not interesting enough. They would rather know about who overdosed or who was killed with a gun. What a lot of people are not realizing is that coronary heart disease actually accounts for about 80% of all sudden deaths (Hoffman1). In actuality, heart disease causes a third of all total deaths in the world (Bryg 1). The publics' eyes need to be opened to the fact that there are ways to stop such a large amount of people from passing away due to coronary heart disease.
One of the symptoms of coronary heart disease is angina pectoris or in basic terms, chest pain. Many people, however, do not take this symptom very seriously. They simply do not know that it can lead to other complications or in some cases, death. Heart attacks occur when a blood clot suddenly and completely blocks a diseased coronary artery, resulting in the death of the heart muscle cells supplied by that artery (Congenital Heart Disease). When a heart attack is reported by the media they use medical terms like Coronary Thrombosis or Acute Myocardial Infarction, which is just a fiancé was of saying heart attack. Unless someone has a PhD in the medical field that person is very unlikely to know what these terms mean, making ignoring the early symptoms very easy. On the other hand sudden death occurs due to cardiac arrest which may be the first symptom of coronary artery disease and this can come without a preoccuring issue. Other causes of sudden deaths include drowning, suffocation, electrocution, drug overdose, trauma (car crash), and stroke. Drowning, suffocation, and drug overdose usually cause respiratory arrest which in turn cause cardiac arrest. Trauma may cause sudden death by severe injury to the heart or brain, or by severe blood loss. Stroke causes damage to the brain which can cause respiratory arrest and/or cardiac arrest. People with coronary artery disease, whether or not they have had a heart attack, may experience irregular chest pain, pressure, or discomforts. This situation is known as angina pectoris. It occurs when the narrowing of the coronary arteries temporarily prevents an adequate supply of blood and oxygen to meet the demands of working heart muscles. Angina Pectoris (from angina meaning strangling, and pectoris meaning breast) is commonly known simply as angina and means pain in the chest. The term angina was first used during a lecture in 1768 by Dr. William Heberden. The word was not intended to indicate pain, but rather strangling, with a secondary sensation of fear. Victims suffering from angina may experience pressure, discomfort, or a squeezing sensation in the centre of the chest behind the breastbone. The pain may radiate to the arms, the neck, even the upper back, and the pain may come and go. It occurs when the heart is not receiving enough oxygen to meet an increased demand. Angina, as mentioned before, is only temporarily, and it does not cause any permanent damage to the heart muscle.
However, the underlying coronary heart disease continues to progress unless actions are taken to prevent it from becoming worse. There are several risk factors that contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and angina: Family history, Diabetes, Hypertension, Cholesterol, and Smoking. We all carry approximately 50 genes that affect the function and structure of the heart and blood vessels. Genetics can determine one's risk of having heart disease. There are many cases today where heart disease runs in a family, for many generations. Diabetics are at least twice as likely to develop angina as non-diabetics, and the risk is higher in women than in men. Diabetes causes metabolic injury to the lining of arteries; as a result, the tiny blood vessels that nourish the walls of medium-size arteries throughout the body, including the coronary arteries, become defective. These microscopic vessels become blocked, impeding the delivery of blood to the lining of the larger arteries, causing them to deteriorate, and artherosclerosis results. High blood pressure directly injures the artery lining in several ways. The increased pressure compresses the tiny vessels that feed the artery wall, causing structural changes in these tiny arteries. Microscopic fracture lines then develop in the arterial wall. The cells lining the arteries are compressed and injured, and can no longer act as an adequate barrier to cholesterol and other substances collecting in the inner walls of the blood vessels.
Cholesterol has become one of the most important issues in the last decade. Reducing cholesterol intake can directly decrease one's risk of developing heart disease, and people today are more conscious of what they eat, and how much cholesterol their foods contain. Cholesterol causes atherosclerosis by progressively narrowing the arteries and reducing blood flow. The building up of fatty deposits actually begins at an early age, and the process progresses slowly. By the time the person reaches middle-age, a high cholesterol level can be expected.
It has been proven that about the only thing smoking does is shorten a person's life. Despite all the warnings by the Surgeon General, people still manage to find an excuse to quit smoking. Cigarette smoke contains carbon monoxide, radioactive polonium, nicotine, arsenious oxide, benzopyrene, and levels of radon and molybdenum that are twenty times the allowable limit for ambient factory air. The two agents that have the most significant effect on the cardiovascular system are carbon monoxide and nicotine. Nicotine has no direct effect on the heart or the blood vessels, but it stimulates the nerves on these structures to cause the secretion of adrenaline. The increase of adrenaline and noradrenaline increases blood pressure and heart rate by about 10% for an hour per cigarette. In simpler words, nicotine causes the heart to beat harder. Carbon monoxide, on the other hand, poisons the normal transport systems of cell membranes lining the coronary arteries. This protective lining breaks down, exposing the under-surface to the tearing of the passing blood, with all its clotting factors as well as cholesterol.
There are some medications developed over the years to help slow the deterioration of the heart by heart disease. These medications have different pros and cons and any person considering taking them should weigh their options carefully. Nitroglycerine, which is the basis of dynamite, relaxes the smooth fibers of the blood vessels, allowing the arteries to dilate. They have a tendency to produce flushing and headaches because the arteries in the head and other parts of the body will also dilate. Glyceryl trinitrate is a short-acting drug in the form of small tablets. It is taken under the tongue for maximum and rapid absorption since that area is lined with capillaries. It usually relieves the pain within a minute or two. One of the drawbacks of trinitrates is that they can be exposed too long as they deteriorate in sunlight. Trinitrates also come in the form of ointment or transversal sticky patch which can be applied to the skin. Denigrates and mononitrates are used for the prevention of angina attacks rather than as pain relievers. They are slower acting than trinitrates, but they have a more prolonged effect. They have to be taken regularly, usually three to four times a day. Denigrates are more common than trinitrates or tetra nitrates. Beta-blockers are used to prevent angina attacks. They reduce the work of the heart by regulating the heart beat, as well as blood pressure; the amount of oxygen required is thereby reduced. These drugs can block the effects of the stress hormones adrenaline and noradrenaline at sites called beta receptors in the heart and blood vessels. These hormones increase both blood pressure and heart rate. Other sites affected by these hormones are known as alpha receptors. There are side effects, however, for using beta-blockers. Further reduction in the pumping action may drive to a heart failure if the heart is strained by heart disease. Hands and feet get cold due to the constriction of peripheral vessels. Beta- blockers can sometimes pass into the brain fluids, and causes vivid dreams, sleep disturbance, and depression. There is also a possibility of developing skin rashes and dry eyes. Some beta- blockers raise the level of blood cholesterol and triglycerides.
There are new drugs being developed constantly. Pexid, for example, is useful if other drugs fail in severe angina attacks. However, it produces more side effects than others, such as pins and needles and numbness in limbs, muscle weakness, and liver damage. It may also precipitate diabetes, and damages to the retina. When medications or any other means of treatment are unable to control the pain of angina attacks, surgery is considered. There are two types of surgical operation available: Coronary Bypass and Angioplasty. The bypass surgery is the more common, while angioplasty is relatively new and is also a minor operation. Surgery is only a last resort to provide relief and should not be viewed as a permanent cure for the underlying disease, which can only be controlled by changing one's lifestyle. The bypass surgery involves extracting a vein from another part of the body, usually the leg, and uses it to construct a detour around the diseased coronary artery. This procedure restores the blood flow to the heart muscle. Although this may sound risky, the death rate is actually below 3 percent. This risk is higher, however, if the disease is widespread and if the heart muscle is already weakened. If the grafted artery becomes blocked, a heart attack may occur after the operation. The number of bypasses depends on the number of coronary arteries affected. Coronary artery disease may affect one, two, or all three arteries. If more than one artery is affected, then several grafts will have to be carried out during the operation. About 20 percent of the patients considered for surgery have only one diseased vessel. In 50 percent of the patients, there are two affected arteries, and in 30 per cent the disease strikes all three arteries. These patients are known to be suffering from triple vessel disease and require a triple-bypass.
Triple vessel disease and disease of the left main coronary artery before it divides into two branches are the most serious conditions. Angioplasty is a relatively new procedure, and it is known in full as transluminal balloon coronary angioplasty. It entails squashing the atherosclerotic plaque with balloons. A very thin balloon catheter is inserted into the artery in the arm or the leg of a patient under general anaesthetic. The balloon catheter is guided under x-ray just beyond the narrowed coronary artery. Once there, the balloon is inflated with fluid and the fatty deposits are squashed against the artery walls. The balloon is then deflated and drawn out of the body. This technique is a much simpler and more economical alternative to the bypass surgery. The procedure itself requires less time and the patient only remains in the hospital for a few days afterward. Exactly how long the operation takes depends on where and in how many places the artery is narrowed. It is most suitable when the disease is limited to the left anterior descending artery, but sometimes the plaques are simply too hard, making them impossible to be squashed, in which case a bypass might be necessary.
It is truly shocking on how little focus Coronary Heart Disease gets considering the amount of people this disease affects. The general public needs to be informed on this very important issue. Coronary heart disease accounts for four out of every five sudden deaths, yet it never makes the headlines. | <urn:uuid:fba186ec-3ac4-4de5-bf08-dc97bb20d99d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.ukessays.com/essays/biology/coronary-heart-disease-and-its-treatments-biology-essay.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00146-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95275 | 2,457 | 2.5 | 2 |
Apple has been relatively quiet regarding technologies many predict will change the way we live. One of them is autonomous vehicles, an avenue being explored by automotive and tech companies alike. However, Cupertino has been taking a back seat on the matter.
That may be changing as Apple is reported to be implementing real-world autonomous driving technology for the first time. However, it will not be a service that customers will use. Instead, the company is creating a driverless system that will shuttle employees around its new headquarters.
According to The New York Times, Apple has had a hit and miss history while developing autonomous technology. However, one project still active is the autonomous shuttle service. The system will allow employees to move easily from one part of the new campus to another.
Apple Park is a sprawling new complex. Staying in Cupertino, the new center will replace 1 Infinite Loop. It was opened in April in limited capacity, with Apple’s R&D department (2,000 staff) moving in. A wider opening will continue over the months and into next year.
To implement its driverless tech, Apple is using a currently available commercial vehicle. The car will be equipped with autonomous technology developed in-house. As well as offering employees a shuttle service, this obviously serves as a test for Apple’s self-driving system.
As usual, the company has been quiet on its development of autonomous tech, as it is with other avenues, such as virtual reality. However, it is obvious Apple, like others, has been exploring these technologies and developing solutions based on them.
It is worth noting the shuttle service is still in development and not operational. Considering Apple has reportedly delayed and halted previous projects, it is arguable the service will never be launched. Apple Park is due to fully open soon, and the report suggests the company will get the shuttle service up and running soon after.
No Fly Zone
In July, we reported on Apple’s quest for secrecy around its new campus. The company is preventing the flight of drones around the airspace near the complex, even though it is an open area for flight. 17,000 employees will work in the vast campus when it is fully operational. | <urn:uuid:959292b6-98de-47a3-8b69-f86121d0f635> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://winbuzzer.com/2017/08/23/apple-gets-board-autonomous-technology-employee-shuttle-service-xcxwbn/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.9711 | 452 | 2.046875 | 2 |
The other night I watched “A Christmas Carol”, the film of the novel by Charles Dickens. While the poverty of the Londoners of that era tugged at the heartstrings, it is difficult to accept that the same situation is developing in the 21st century United Kingdom. We are told by a beaming Scrooge, called George Osborne, that the bad times are past and happiness and prosperity are returning. The finance bigwigs are licking their chops, positively drooling at the prospect of big fat bonuses; on the other hand payday loan companies are thriving at a rate never before seen in this country, and we are regaled nightly by TV adverts telling everyone how bright cheerful and wise it is to borrow money at usurious rates of interest. We see welfare benefits, which are at subsistence level anyway, being withdrawn, on the pretext of getting them to move to non existent smaller houses, and food banks opening everywhere, to feed the hungry. Notably it is that the main customers of the food banks are the poor, not the feckless poor (courtesy of Scrooge), but hardworking people who do not earn enough to feed themselves!
This is reality, approaching Third World standards if we have not already reached them; the received wisdom is that Labour under Gordon Brown, ably abetted by Eyebrows Darling, left the country in a near bankrupt state. The Tory solution to cut the deficit, was to borrow even vaster amounts of cash, squeeze the poor until the pips squeaked, and put on a virtuous expression – “Are there no workhouses?” – to quote Scrooge again, who was after all a fictitious character.
The Tories have no shame, the Liberals would not know what that was, and Labour has no answer.
And we in Scotland have to put up with this, from a Labour Party which re-invented itself to become a Tory one, the single Tory MP who survived and a half a dozen Liberal lackeys doing their dirty work in Scotland, and always cutting their cloth to fit the Tory coat. It scunners me.
Unlike the unfortunates South of the Border, we have an alternative vision, an aspiration, and the wherewithal to deliver it. For 6 years Scotland has had an SNP Government, 4 of them as a minority, then a majority one when the people were able to see how much better things could be. It is not true that the SNP is the source of all human wisdom and knowledge – no party is – and we have made mistakes and also been unable to fulfil all the pledges we made, normally due to circumstance outwith our control. But the opposition is ably supported by the media, who avidly follow all the shortfalls and point to the Scottish Government. What they refuse to recognise that London cut the Scottish Budget, and will continue to do so. He who pays the piper calls the tune, but needs the money to do that – we do not get enough money, despite paying more tax – funny old world, to coin a Thatcherian phrase.
We did not put through a Referendum Bill in the first Parliament, because the Unionists would have voted it down and kicked it into the long grass at the same time; they don’t go on about that much these days, not having recovered from their near wipeout in May 2011. On that occasion, in the List Vote by party, the SNP won 69 out of 73 constituencies, an almost unbelieveable result to a grizzled old Nationalist like myself. The Unionists prated on about how this was a low poll, not so much now, but the fact is that the people who bothered to vote did vote SNP in overwhelming numbers. The 4 constituencies the SNP did not win were: Labour – Renfrewshire South, Hugh Henry, Coatbridge and Chryston, Elaine Smith, Glasgow Provan, Paul Martin, and Liberal Shetland, Tavish Scott. They don’t want to admit that and I would bet they are ignorant of that aspect. Hubris. The SNP would also have been ignorant but the Scots Independent published the detailed voting figures by constituency in the July 2011 Scots Independent. (If we seem to be blowing our own trumpet it is because no one else is!)
On the “funny old world” side, the voting system for the Scottish Parliament was designed to stop the SNP ever attaining a majority. Just one of the many errors of the Unionist cabal. They keep coming up with them, only this time as Better Together – could you believe it – as they cannot stand each other.
A Yes vote in 2014 will see the biggest change and the biggest improvement in Scotland since the charade of 1707.
Gaffe of the Year
I am grateful to Alan Bissett of National Collective who reminded me of this episode when he was on Scotland Tonight:
Ian Gray, Labour East Lothian, at the launch of the White Paper in the Scottish Parliament. “A Scottish Oil Fund – where’s the money for that going to come from?” – then looked around puzzled at the gales of laughter his question provoked.
Russian Navy ship drops in
– unannounced or noticed
Copied from Newsnetscotland
A Russian Navy ship which arrived unannounced off the Scottish coast has exposed the failure of the Ministry of Defence to provide adequate naval protection for Scottish waters, the SNP has claimed.
It is believed that the Russian navy ship had been taking part in exercises in the Baltic Sea and had been sheltering off the Scottish coast.
The incident mirrors a similar situation that occured only two years ago involving an Aircraft Carrier Task Force. In December 2011 the aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov and accompanying vessels arrived unexpectedly off the Moray Firth leaving the Ministry of Defence dependent on reports from Scottish fishing vessels until a nearly out of service vessel could be sailed from its base in south coast of England.
Prior to the December incident, the MOD scrapped the entire fleet of Nimrod maritime patrol aircraft which were designed to monitor surface and subsurface vessels. Amongst northern European armed forces the UK is the only to not have any maritime patrol aircraft.
Before they were scrapped, the Nimrod maritime patrol aircraft were based at RAF Kinloss in Moray, the constituency represented by Angus Robertson MP. The northern Scottish region was strategically placed to launch patrol flights monitoring nearby northern waters.
Commenting, Mr Robertson who is the Westminster SNP Leader said:
“For the second time in two years the MOD has been left scrabbling to deal with visiting Russian naval vessels off Scotland.
“There is absolutely no problem with Russians or anybody or any other friendly nation seeking shelter off the Scottish coast, but it is the duty of the UK Government to ensure there are timely security escort procedures.
“Again the MOD has been exposed without any maritime patrol aircraft at all and without the proper conventional naval vessels based in Scotland.
“To rely on vessels based on the south coast of England taking more than a day to steam north is embarrassing and is a perfect illustration how the UK Government does not take northern security seriously enough.
“In contrast the Scottish Government is pledged to prioritise the maritime challenges of our region with maritime patrol aircraft and conventional naval vessels following a ‘Yes’ vote in the 2014 independence referendum.
“This will benefit Scottish defence and all of our allies especially northern European neighbours including Norway, Denmark and Iceland as well as the rest of the UK who will have a neighbour in Scotland that will take these matters more seriously than Whitehall does at the moment.”
Jimmy Halliday’s contributions to the Cause
To put matters into context, in 1955 the SNP contested only two Parliamentary seats in Scotland; Dr Robert McIntyre fought Perth and East Perthshire, and Jimmy Halliday fought Stirling and Falkirk Burghs. Jimmy then became the youngest ever SNP Chairman and served 1956 – 60; in 1956 the entire SNP Conference delegates were photographed on the steps of the Allan Water Hotel, Bridge of Allan.
We are 10 months from a Referendum on Scottish Independence, which was unthinkable in 1955; Jimmy died on 3rd January 2013 at the age of 85. We intend to publish all Jimmy’s articles in the Scots Independent from August 2004 up to 2011, all the ones we have electronic input for. It is anticipated we will publish a book on Jimmy’s contributions over many years, but this will have to wait until after the Referendum.
Not either Movement or Party – but Both – February 2008
Emotionally the “Movement” concept met with wide support.
Every so often a published opinion poll tells us that, let’s say, 20% of SNP members do not support independence. If you fall into this category please feel free to share your reasoning with the rest of us. No one to my knowledge has ever done so, and it would be helpful to have an explanation of a seemingly incomprehensible political opinion.
Similarly, polls have often told us that, again let’s say, 60% of Scots support independence but only 30% would be likely to vote for the SNP. What can we make of the 60%?
Firstly, and most simply, many of them are just telling lies, needlessly and for reasons known only to themselves. A second and more truthful group are for independence but only if it comes as a gift from the Labour Party, which alone they trust, and for whose misdeeds they will always find excuses. Equally they will always find excuses to justify their constant fury against the SNP. We should lose neither sleep nor temper for we know what in their eyes is our crime. We have pushed them off their monopolised high horse in Scotland, look very likely to do so again, and might well, some day, cost them office even in England. So the attitude of this group is perfectly understandable.
But what about those who remain? Who favour independence but who reject us? If we are at fault please tell us how we can improve. Reveal to us whatever it is about us that prompts this rejection. If you want independence do you not want to join with others who have the same objective? Do you not feel prompted to work with them in the one organisation whose very purpose is the independence which you say you support? Do you not feel moved to help enhance the power of the movement with your time, your effort, your means, as Party members do? If not, why not?
But of course, I said “movement” just now, and perhaps I have stumbled upon an explanation of our mysteries, In the fairly distant past, Nationalists used to argue about whether our ”Party” was really a “Movement” and not a real Party at all. The more we argued, the more it seemed we were telling ourselves it had to be “either”—”or”, one thing or the other.
Emotionally, the “Movement” concept met with wide support. A “Movement” sounds so romantic, so noble, so virtuously amateur. So much more exalted than a Party, busying itself with winning and using power, requiring discipline of its members, organising their work and guided by collective decisions. That kind of thing tended to make free spirits who regarded political activity as just pleasing themselves, feel quite faint.
In many ages and in many nations a movement has held especial charm for the young–the really young, in their earliest political awareness. Let me suggest as an example the first Nationalist body in which I found a home–the Scottish Nationalist Association in Glasgow University. In those years, 60 years ago, our GUSNA was the foremost and most successful political group in an excitedly political world. It dominated debates, won competitions and won two Rectorial elections. Its membership was quite as strong as that of other political clubs, usually between 100 and 200.
And of those 100 or 200 how many were Party members? ——–Two: Alasdair MacDonald and myself. Certainly the ongoing success of the Covenant drew eyes away from the Party but many GUSNA fellow members would make a point of saying,” Of course, I am not a Party member.” How dreadful in retrospect, how hurtful and unfair and foolish is that “of course”, coming from those too devil-may-care, too swashbuckling, too altogether exciting and personally remarkable to suffer themselves to be contained within a mere party.
Some of them grew up and grew in wisdom and practical awareness. More than a few lived to do the party service and four of that generation were in their time Parliamentary candidates. Some of to-day’s Cabinet Secretaries and Ministers will have their own recollections of very different times but they too may have been handicapped by this strange unwillingness to honour the Party. With whatever enthusiasm you seek independence you, we, all of us, should see the party not as an alternative to, or inferior substitute for, a Movement, but the cutting edge of that Movement. The creation of the Party was a remarkable achievement which deserves the respect of all, and the particular gratitude of all who found it ready and waiting to receive them into membership. | <urn:uuid:67ad07a5-dde3-46df-ad0b-d204224a68bd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scotsindependent.scot/?p=517 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.972613 | 2,739 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Civil Rights Movement
During the 1950s and ‘60s, African-Americans campaigned for an end to racial discrimination through a series of non-violent protests and marches. The Civil Rights Movement culminated with the passage of federal laws banning discrimination in voting, employment, housing and other sectors of American society.
Learn about the people and events of the Civil Rights Movement with this compilation of secondary ... read more »
Primary source material allows researchers to gain deeper understanding of the Civil Rights ... read more »
Learn about the Civil Rights Movement from the people who lived through it.
“Voices of Civil Rights”
is a compilation of personal accounts submitted by “ordinary” people who participated or were influenced by the Civil Rights Movement. It is a joint project of the AARP, Leadership Conference on Civil Rights, and Library of Congress.
Most Recent Guides | <urn:uuid:b6f0915f-a829-4316-bdc3-a4202912f1f0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.findingdulcinea.com/guides/Education/US-History/Civil-Rights-Movement.pg_00.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00227-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933695 | 176 | 3.65625 | 4 |
During cell migration or differentiation, cell surface receptors are simultaneously exposed to different ligands. However, it is often unclear how these extracellular signals are integrated. Neogenin (NEO1) acts as an attractive guidance receptor when the Netrin-1 (NET1) ligand binds, but it mediates repulsion via repulsive guidance molecule (RGM) ligands. Here, we show that signal integration occurs through the formation of a ternary NEO1-NET1-RGM complex, which triggers reciprocal silencing of downstream signaling. Our NEO1-NET1-RGM structures reveal a "trimer-of-trimers" super-assembly, which exists in the cell membrane. Super-assembly formation results in inhibition of RGMA-NEO1-mediated growth cone collapse and RGMA- or NET1-NEO1-mediated neuron migration, by preventing formation of signaling-compatible RGM-NEO1 complexes and NET1-induced NEO1 ectodomain clustering. These results illustrate how simultaneous binding of ligands with opposing functions, to a single receptor, does not lead to competition for binding, but to formation of a super-complex that diminishes their functional outputs.
2103 - 2120.e31 | <urn:uuid:693033dd-631f-4cd8-a195-b069d0223a62> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.well.ox.ac.uk/research/research-groups/professor-christian-siebold/cloud-pub-modal-view?uuid=1170374 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.892165 | 273 | 1.875 | 2 |
A recent report from the National Center For Education reports that homeschooling has risen dramatically in the last two decades. In the last week of September, the results were announced regarding education and school choice. In the past twenty years, many new options have become available to parents wanting something other than the public school system for their children. This is proved in the fact that enrollment in the public school sector has dropped by 5%.
Although families that choose to educate their children at home were not surprised at the findings that more homes are choosing this alternative, this was quite the affirmation. The reasons for home teaching were also interesting.
Schooled At Home
Twenty years ago, the primary and almost the only, reason for homeschooling was for religious reasons. That trend is still present today, just lower down the list of priorities. Society has brought on new reasons. According to this report, the main reason for removing their students from the public school system was the school environment. Included in this were safety, drugs, and peer pressure. The second reason for removal from public schools is dissatisfaction with academic instruction. Some of this came with the approval of the common core curriculum. The third reason for educating at home is religious education.
This report was taken from all across the country. The data reports who chooses what type of education and why. This study was funded by the Department of Education. | <urn:uuid:b0b74c42-6a7e-4f0a-a29d-f88a48fbeee5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.altonmo.com/lifestyle/more-families-homeschooling-in-the-u-s-due-to-dissatisfaction-with-public-schools-20191010 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.989119 | 281 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Blockchain technology offers a great many advantages to many industries, with the financial sector being one of the most notable examples. It has the potential to have an even greater impact in developing countries, where blockchain-enhanced fintech can help improve financial accessibility for the 1.7 billion unbanked people around the world through services such as peer-to-peer loans and alternative currency payments and investments.
This Is why it should come as no surprise that, while most of the first wave of cryptocurrency influencers such as Erik Voorhees, Charlie Lee, Tim Draper, Andreas Antonopoulos and many more all hail from first-world Western countries, it is from the developing countries that some of the technology’s biggest thought leaders can be found.
In fact, four highly respected champions of blockchain technology are Odia, referring to people who originate from Odisha, a state in the Indian subcontinent. Despite being one of the poorest states of the country, Odisha has produced four trailblazing journeys, united by both geographic origin as well as their respective challenges in the tech industry. In particular, these personalities are making their mark in the world of blockchain, in remarkably exciting times for disruptive technology.
Sopnendu Mohanty, Chief Fintech Officer of MAS (the Monetary Authority of Singapore)
Sopnendu Mohanty got his start in the IT industry back in 1995, following both a Bachelor’s and Master’s degree in information science. In 1997, he moved to Japan to join Citigroup’s product and services development division. He would stay with the company for 18 years, eventually being promoted to Head of Citigroup’s Asia Pacific Branch Operations, and then later to Head of Citigroup’s Global Consumer Lab.
In 2015, Sopnendu Mohanty left Citigroup and joined the Singapore government-run Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) as Chief Financial Officer. At MAS, he has helped contribute to Singapore’s rise as one of the world’s top fintech hubs.
In addition to his work at MAS, Sopnendu is also an avid speaker and global thought leader in fintech, and an outspoken advocate for an accelerated transformation to a digital blockchain-based economy.
“Having a distributed ledger by design takes away the whole complexity behind settling things, checking things. And it allows some of the business rules to be built into the use cases — the payment process, the settlement process, the underlying business rules can be encoded to a single stream,” said Sopnendu Mohanty.
“There are two different processes in today’s world. There’s a process where you pay each other and there’s a process in which we exchange goods and services. Blockchain digital currency brings together these two processes into a single process in which you’re not only paying each other but also ensuring that goods and services are exchanged at the point of payment.”
In September 2021, the MAS granted DBS Vickers — a subsidiary of DBS Bank, the largest bank in Southeast Asia — a license to officially offer cryptocurrency services.
“This is a natural progression in any innovation and there has been a very clear growing interest in digital assets,” Sopnendu Mohanty said.
“Fintechs are always pushing banks out of their comfortable traditional finance space. It’s very encouraging for us to see DBS think about such new areas where they can add value and create a new service. This is truly a sign of the maturity of the Singaporean fintech sector. Here, we don’t see a difference between fintechs and banks. Both are complimentary, they come together and work together.”
Mriganka Pattnaik, CEO and Co-founder of Merkle Science
Hailing from the ancient city of Bhubaneswar in Odisha, Mriganka Pattnaik got his fintech career off the ground with numerous internships even before he finished his technology Bachelor’s degree from ITT Guwahati in 2013. Upon graduation, Mriganka went straight to work at Bank of America as an analyst in their Mumbai branch.
Two years later, he left to found his first company, Datatrix Healthcare Technologies, to help people remotely order medication and home diagnostic tests from nearby pharmacies.
“I saw an opportunity to address a need and to this day, I believe that entrepreneurship is the most direct way to bridge these gaps,” Pattnaik said
“Unfortunately, there was a lot of regulatory ambiguity in the area of online pharmacies. It was difficult to understand the full picture in terms of risk. Through this experience, I understood how regulatory ambiguity can really hinder innovation and hurt early startups. Afterward, I moved to Singapore in 2016 to work at Luno, a prominent crypto exchange, to support strategy and country-specific execution across three continents.”
During his time at Luno, he witnessed firsthand the compliance challenges faced by digital asset businesses in diverse jurisdictions and the key role regulations play in the industry’s health and sustainable growth. He then joined the Entrepreneur First tech incubator where he met Nirmal Aryath Koroth, with whom he co-founded his second company, Merkle Science, in 2018.
Merkle Science is a risk and intelligence platform that helps companies and government organizations detect, investigate and prevent illegal activities involving cryptocurrencies.
“As blockchain and cryptocurrency gained popularity, more financial institutions, retail platforms and governments started adopting the technology. Unfortunately, as the legitimate use cases rise, so does its illegal use,” Pattnaik said. “In 2020 alone, it is estimated that more than 12 billion dollars worth of crypto was involved in illicit transactions.”
“Unsurprisingly, this has led to many governments around the world introducing new laws and regulations that govern how cryptocurrency businesses can operate. These new regulations seek to mitigate the risk that comes with cryptocurrencies. However, these new laws and regulations have made it difficult for companies to work with cryptocurrencies and they struggle to figure out how to comply. With these new laws, there is then a need for new-age solutions and this is where Merkle Science comes in. We have developed a suite of solutions designed to make use of the blockchain’s transparent and traceable nature in order to help businesses identify and protect themselves against criminal use,” commented Pattnaik.
Debajani Mohanty, Bestselling Blockchain Author
Debajani Mohanty is the bestselling author of five books on blockchain and was ranked among the top 30 Blockchain influencers from India on Singapore Fintech news as well as the world’s top 100 blockchain social influencers by Piktale awards. Born in coastal Odisha, she studied Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering at Sambalpur University before launching straight into what would become a 24-year career (and counting) devising software solutions for companies from India and, since 2020, England.
She got her feet wet with blockchain in 2017, from which point she has worked in development using numerous blockchain technologies. “The true potential of blockchain is yet to be realized,” Debajani Mohanty said. “We need much more dedicated research.”
Debajani Mohanty’s books range from broad blockchain overviews for new students on the subject, such as her five-star books “Blockchain for Self Sovereign Digital Identity” and “Ethereum for Architects and Developers”, to deep-dive courses on the specific blockchain technologies R3 Corda, Ripple and Ethereum. She has also published a novel focused on themes of the empowerment of women, titled “The Curse of Damini”, for which she was honored with the Arya award by Nobel Peace prize winner Kailash Satyarthi.
Since the beginning of her blockchain career, she has tried to share her learning through books, blogs, videos and live sessions at numerous blockchain summits in India and abroad. She stresses that “propagating knowledge especially to business leaders and decision-makers is the need of the hour, as they have the authority to carry forward this blockchain journey to the next level.”
According to Debajani Mohanty, the next big trends in blockchain are expected to be CBDC, Decentralized Identity and enforcement of data acts (GDPR, CCPA, PDPA etc.) in handling personal data leading to privacy-preserving solutions.
Naquib Mohammed, CEO / Founder of MRHB DeFi
Born in the city of Cuttack, Naquib Mohammed studied information technology at the Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology in Bhubaneswar. He then spent more than a decade in information technology, starting as a software engineer then later as a business architect, working for companies across the globe.
“My interest in cryptocurrency really started to get serious after spending a few years learning and working on enterprise use cases of distributed ledger technology in the bull run of late 2019,” said Naquib Mohammed.
“As an enterprise architect, researching the growing IT market was a natural move, and this is where I noticed blockchain as an important part of Industry 4.0 technologies.”
Mohammed was invited to Australia in 2020 by invitation of the Australian government as a “Distinguished Global Fintech Talent”. There, he dove headfirst into blockchain technology, devoting 7-8 hours a day to study and learn the technology.
“During this tenure, I completed over 15 certifications in different areas of blockchain within a six-month span.”
In April of 2021, after working at another startup he decided to launch his own pioneering decentralized finance startup, MRHB (pronounced Marhaba) DeFi. This was to address what he felt was a major gap in a crypto space that excluded many communities due to their faith (in particular himself as a Muslim), lack of access and technological complexity. The demand for financial services which are consistent with faith principles is evidenced by the Islamic Finance industry, currently worth around $3 trillion USD.
In addition, Mohammed wanted to build a more empowering, ethical and community focussed project that would cater to those new to crypto and also address the negative perception created by extensive instances of fraud, risk and opacity in the sector. As such, he hopes to create a more ethical and inclusive project that benefits everyone regardless of faith.
“As our platform is based on very high ethical standards, one of our product offerings is a crypto-based donations platform, the DePhi, a decentralized philanthropy protocol, planned in Phase 2. We sincerely hope to attract investors from all walks of life who are interested in making sure their investments have some form of social impact in addition to benefiting from the wealth opportunities of the cryptoverse,” explained Mohammed.
“By approaching the new crypto economy with a more ethical approach from the very start, we can all do our part to create a more equitable and more inclusive future for all.”
A landmark project in the DeFi ecosystem, being the first to target the USD 3 trillion Islamic Finance ecosystem and other excluded communities, MRHB DeFi is notably backed by Polygon Technology. A prominent Layer-2 blockchain, Polygon is supporting the development of the first dApp focussed on the Islamic and ethical finance sector.
With their blockchain stories impacting different industries and use-cases, from regulations, compliance, intelligence gathering and security to education, ethics, inclusion, and philanthropy, these blockchain personalities are an inspiration to people all over the world who wish to be involved in the revolutionary technology.
As the blockchain and decentralized finance movements sweep across the world, we will undoubtedly see more professional representation from everywhere. Hopefully, blockchain innovators and startup founders from underdeveloped economies especially will find great success, for these are the regions where the technology can do the most social good. Financial services such as zero-fee payments and transactions, peer-to-peer loans and all manner of banking transactions for excluded communities are possible in the realms of blockchain and cryptocurrency.
We need only for more pioneers to step up and seize the opportunity.
The post Four inspiring blockchain journeys and stories from Odisha, India appeared first on CryptoSlate.
Original author: Ceecee Wong
Go to source | <urn:uuid:ac0ae283-6e95-4578-817a-9f4908cddc27> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thecryptonium.com/2021/12/06/four-inspiring-blockchain-journeys-and-stories-from-odisha-india/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.956708 | 2,555 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Section 1. The government of the United States shall not spend more in any fiscal year than it collects in that fiscal year, and it shall include all its discretionary and mandatory expenditures during that fiscal year when calculating its spending.
Section 2. The government of the United States shall not spend more in any fiscal year than eighteen percent of the Gross Domestic Product of the United States for that fiscal year. Gross Domestic Product means the sum of private consumption, gross investment, and total exports, from which sum is subtracted total imports. No government spending of any kind shall be considered when calculating Gross Domestic Product.
Section 3. For any fiscal year in which the government of the United States spends seventeen percent or less of Gross Domestic Product, the President and each member of Congress shall receive a bonus payment that shall be exempt from all taxation. This bonus shall equal one half of the recipient’s annual base salary for each whole percentage point less than eighteen percent of Gross Domestic Product spent by the government of the United States.
Section 4. The government of the United States may exceed the spending limit in Section 2 only during a period of declared war in which the Armed Forces of the United States are engaged in actual armed hostilities against the armed forces of the nation against which the war was declared. Such excess spending shall only be used to directly fund the operations of the Armed Forces of the United States, must be approved by a three fifths vote of each chamber of Congress, must be reauthorized annually in the same manner, and must end no later than six months after the conclusion of hostilities.
Section 5. The text of this Amendment shall be interpreted to mean what a rational and reasonable reader on the date of its ratification would have objectively understood it to mean.
Section 6. This Amendment shall take effect three calendar years from the date of its ratification.
Section 1 does away with the accounting tricks used by Washington politicians to keep entitlement programs like Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security off the books.
Section 2 sets the spending limit at 18% for a very good reason, and also prohibits Washington from including its own spending in the data for economic activity (since government spending cannot create wealth; it can only redistribute it).
Section 3 harnesses humanity’s inherent self-centeredness to serve society by providing juicy incentives to our politicians. For example, if Congress and the President pass a balanced budget that spends only 15% of GDP, each politico gets a bonus check for one-and-a-half times their base salary, completely tax free, and we get to keep more of our own money.
Section 4 prevents this Amendment from forcing the American people into an unintended suicide pact, but also prevents politicians from playing games with so-called “emergency appropriations” that slither around the rules. There’s a sunset clause that forces Congress and the President to re-authorize any emergency wartime spending every year, which will keep them operating out in the open and subject to public scrutiny.
Section 5 forces lawyers, politicians, judges, and special interest groups to stick to the common understanding of the Amendment as understood by today’s Joe Average. No “emanating penumbras,” “evolving standards,” “defining one’s own concept of meaning,” or “flexible legislative intent” loopholes allowed. This is not a “living document.”
Section 6 provides enough time to prepare for the new budgeting process by guaranteeing that at least one Congressional election will take place between ratification and enforcement, plus a cushion for the “new kids” to get settled and involved in the budget process.
Have I missed a loophole somewhere? Let me know if you think you’ve spotted one. Lord knows, we can’t survive much more of this: | <urn:uuid:15494c48-f53f-47ea-8e5c-34f7a562c5cd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://brainshavings.com/balanced-budget-amendment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00321-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95352 | 784 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Leora F. Eisenstadt, The N-Word at Work: Contextualizing Language in the Workplace, 33 Berkeley Journal of Employment and Labor Law 299 (2012).
The N-Word at Work examines the misinterpretation of language in employment discrimination cases. There is a widening gap between the use and meaning of words in modern American culture and courts’ treatment of those words. This is particularly true in the case of derogatory slurs and phrases but is equally true for discriminatory language in general. This article argues for a context-driven theory of linguistic meaning that is compatible with the purposes of Title VII and other anti-discrimination statutes but that would re-inject a sense of reality into the consideration of discriminatory language.
Both the legal literature and judicial system have largely ignored this problem of language in discrimination cases. Perhaps sensing an emerging problem in the lower courts, in its 2006 decision in Ash v. Tyson, the Supreme Court devoted a single, vague sentence to the meaning of language in discrimination cases. Nonetheless, the problem persists among appellate and district courts alike. In late 2010, for example, a federal district court in Philadelphia addressed the issue head-on in a case involving a white employee who was terminated for using “the N-word” and claimed in his reverse-race discrimination case that had he been African American and used the word, he would not have been disciplined. Like its predecessors, the court approached the problem in a formalistic way that resulted in a context-blind approach to language with unsatisfactory results.
This article calls attention to this issue by examining the uses and meanings of discriminatory language in modern culture and advocates a theory of meaning that relies on the context in which it is used, the identity of the user, and the social, historical, and cultural framework in which the language developed. The article highlights the mistreatment of language by trial and appellate courts and tracks the troubling history of Ash, which was finally resolved in December 2011 after two trials, a trip to the Supreme Court and four reviews by the Eleventh Circuit. Finally, the article suggests solutions to this seemingly intractable problem, including the need for (1) robust guidance from the Supreme Court on the purposes of anti-discrimination law and the non-literal applications of that law that make flexible, context-driven considerations of discriminatory language both possible and preferable and (2) extra-legal expert testimony akin to social framework evidence that could translate the cultural realities of language for courts. | <urn:uuid:37ffbf61-deaa-4030-81d4-32890d50be5b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fox.temple.edu/knowledge-hub/the-n-word-at-work-contextualizing-language-in-the-workplace/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.946775 | 499 | 2.015625 | 2 |
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Glacier velocities and dynamic ice discharge from the Queen Elizabeth Islands, Nunavut, Canada
; van Wychen, W; Burgess, D O;
Gray, L; Copland, L; Sharp, M; Dowdeswell, J A; Benham, T J. Geophysical Research Letters vol. 41, issue 2, 2014 p. 484-490, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058558
Open Access (ESS | <urn:uuid:24d398a9-a5d3-47bd-9146-c29a66bdacff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/starweb/geoscan/servlet.starweb?path=geoscan/downloade.web&search1=R=293267 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.824769 | 165 | 1.585938 | 2 |
This program focuses on European history, institutions, decision-making, law, identity and security. The program uniquely integrates coursework, research and internship.
Brussels is the capital of Belgium and is the headquarters of most of the European Union's institutions. The City of Brussels is one of 19 municipalities that make up the Brussels-Capital Region. The metropolitan area has about 2.5 million inhabitants.
Brussels is also the political seat of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the Western European Union (WEU), the World Customs Organization (WCO) and EUROCONTROL, the European Organization for the Safety of Air Navigation. Some countries have three ambassadors present in Brussels: the normal bi-lateral ambassador, the EU Ambassador, and finally the NATO ambassador.
Hendrix's partner for this study abroad program is the prestigious Institute for European Studies (IES), a unit of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), the Flemish "Brussels Free University." IES is a master-level educational institution; through special arrangement, it has agreed to teach Hendrix students through this program.
The Hendrix-in-Brussels program provides varied and intensive study opportunities. Participants will complete on-line learning modules before departing for Brussels. The in-country education begins with a week-long overview of European history and culture.
The meat of the academic experience involves three courses taught by IES (with Hendrix students attending these classes together as a cohort group):
- European Institutions and Decision-Making
- European Identity
- European Security
Additionally, students will pick one elective course from the larger VUB or VUB's liberal arts college, Vesalius College. Students will also complete a research paper under the direction of an IES faculty member. Finally, participants will undertake an internship.
The Hendrix student who successfully completes the coursework, research paper, and internship will earn four Hendrix credits.
Language of Instruction
All coursework is in English, with the opportunity to study Flemish or French as an elective.
Grades will appear on each student's Hendrix transcript, but do NOT figure into the cumulative GPA. Students must earn the equivalent of a "C" to be awarded transfer credit. Participants can earn four academic credits and one internship credit.
IES faculty and staff members are well-connected with the international community, and have a strong track record of placing students in meaningful internships. Each Hendrix student will also complete an internship within nonprofit, governmental, think tank and for-profit organizations. For example, some of the current sites include: European Business Network, EGMONT Royal Institute for International Relations, Brussels Institute for Contemporary China Studies, European Voice Newspaper, and New Europe Newspaper.
The cost of the Brussels semester may vary considerably depending on the exchange rate. As of now, students should plan to spend around $4,000 more for the experience than they would normally on campus. The fee includes tuition, room and board. Additional expenses for students include airfare, "pocket money," and visa expenses.
Normally, all financial aid applies, including Hendrix scholarships. Students are encouraged to verify their situation through the Hendrix Financial Aid Office.
Students are required to secure a Belgium student visa to study in Brussels. Normally this requires a trip to the Atlanta Consulate. For now Hendrix has been granted special permission to handle this through the mail, but this situation could change at any time. The Office of International Programs may assist with the Visa process and paperwork.
Students live in double-occupancy, student apartment buildings in Brussels. They can prepare their own meals or eat in restaurants. A meal stipend will be provided weekly.
The Hendrix-in-Brussels Program will be offered every spring semester. Normally the program will run from early January to late May.
For More Information | <urn:uuid:20d5c73f-8519-427a-a723-54d888bb87d1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.hendrix.edu/internationalprograms/internationalprograms.aspx?id=34574 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00181-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.922014 | 799 | 1.875 | 2 |
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May 21, 2013· Cracking Corn on a Ferrell Ross Test Mill. Chasing pool leaks, Don't call a leak detection company until you watch this - Duration: 9:54. Swimming Pool Science 31,685 views
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Jul 19, 2018· In contrast, the Roller Mill Grinder Mixer operates at a much slower speed than the Hammer Mill Grinder Mixer. This type of grinder produces a more consistent particle size with increased bulk. The variable parameters of the Roller Mill are feed rate, quality of feed, and power to the Roller Mill and roll spacing.
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Alibaba.com offers 3,296 roller mill grinder products. About 25% of these are mine mill, 17% are grinding equipment, and 1% are mills. A wide variety of roller mill grinder options are available to you, such as ce / eu, fda, and sgs.
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Mill (grinding) - Wikipedia
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Roller Crusher Efficiency Calculations | <urn:uuid:c685ba0b-eb4e-4345-9d49-4b811c075697> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.naturavertical.es/hydraulic/2021-11-27_14380.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.836515 | 2,314 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Submitted to: Journal of Food Science
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 1/3/2010
Publication Date: 3/16/2011
Publication URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02065.x/full
Citation: Mild, R.M., Joens, L., Friedman, M., Olsen, C.W., Mchugh, T.H., Ravishankar, S. 2011. Antimicrobial edible apple films inactivate antibiotic resistant and susceptible Campylobacter jejuni strains on chicken breast. Journal of Food Science. 76: M163–M168. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02065.x. Interpretive Summary: According to data published by the Center of Disease Control in Atlanta, Campylobacter is the leading cause of foodborne bacterial illness worldwide. As part of an effort designed to develop antimicrobial food formulations that will protect both the food and the consumer against pathogenic bacteria and bacterial toxins, we participated in a collaborative study with the Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology, University of Arizona, Tucson on the use of antimicrobial apple-based film wrappings developed in this laboratory to inactivate pathogenic antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter jejuni bacteria on commercial poultry surfaces. Apple films on chicken containing carvacrol, the main ingredient of oregano oil, and cinnamaldehyde, the main ingredient of cinnamon oil, showed strong bactericidal activity against nonresistant and antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter strains. The results of the present study suggest that edible films may be a useful addition to current decontamination procedures and packaging for reduction of residual contamination of Campylobacter on the surface of retail poultry. The use of plant antimicrobials also offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional antibiotics and preservatives that may contribute to persistent bacterial resistance. They also meet increased consumer demand for natural, fresh, flavorful food products.
Technical Abstract: Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial diarrheal illness worldwide. Many strains are now becoming multi-drug resistant. To help overcome this problem, apple-based edible films containing carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde were evaluated for their effectiveness against antibiotic resistant and susceptible C. jejuni strains on chicken. Chicken samples inoculated with D28a and H2a (resistant strains) and A24a (a sensitive strain) were wrapped in apple films treated with cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol at concentrations of 0.5, 1.5, and 3%, and incubated at 4 °C and 23 °C for 72 h. Immediately after wrapping and at 72 h, samples were stomached, diluted, and plated for enumeration of survivors. The antimicrobial films exhibited dose and temperature dependent bactericidal activity against both resistant and sensitive strains of C. jejuni. Films with 1.5 and 3% cinnamaldehyde reduced the populations of all three strains to below detection (<10 CFU/g) at 23 °C at 72 h. At 4 °C, the reductions were lower, ranging from 1 log to below detection for films with 1.5 and 3% cinnamaldehyde and up to 2 logs with 0.5% cinnamaldehyde. Films with 3% carvacrol reduced the populations of A24a and H2a to below detection and that of D28a by about 4 logs at 23 °C and 72 hrs. At 4 °C and 3% carvacrol, reductions were about 1.5 logs for all three strains. The reductions ranged from about 1.5-4.0 logs and 0.7-2.8 logs with 1.5 and 0.5% carvacrol, respectively. The antimicrobial films with cinnamaldehyde were more effective than carvacrol-containing films. Reductions at 23 °C were greater than at 4 °C. Antimicrobial apple films have the potential to reduce C. jejuni populations on chicken and campylobacteriosis. | <urn:uuid:1e36a3c3-f419-4c37-a267-277aa2e7c04c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=254753 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00219-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.903897 | 868 | 2.703125 | 3 |
If you are considering doing a systematic review or meta-analysis, this step-by-step guide aims to support you along the way. It explains the background to these methodologies, what is involved, and how to get started, keep going, and finish!
A Systematic review answers a defined research question by collecting and summarising all empirical evidence that fits pre-specified eligibility criteria.
A meta-analysis is the use of statistical methods to summarise the results of these studies. Systematic reviews, just like other research articles, can be of varying quality. They are a significant piece of work (the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination at York estimates that a team will take 9-24 months) and to be useful to other researchers and practitioners they should have:
It is essential that each review is approached rigorously and with careful attention to detai. Plan carefully and document everything. The consensus reporting guidelines for different study deigns proposed by EQUATOR are useful starting point. PRISMA provides guidance on what you should include when reporting a systematic review.
The massive expansion of research output, both in peer-reviewed publications and unpublished, e.g.in conference presentations or symposia, mean it is difficult to establish what work has been done in your area already and to ensure that clinical practice keeps up to date with the best research evidence. See this presentation by Susan Shenkin for an Introduction to Systematic Reviews
A systematic review is often required as part of undergraduate or postgraduate theses, grant proposals and establishing research agendas. It will be most useful where:
Systematic reviews can be of interventions (i.e. randomised controlled trails) or observations (i.e. case control or cohort studies). The type of study to be included will depend on your research question. Although sociology and psychology have been performing systematic reviews of observational studies for decase, many of the recent resources have been developed within a medical framework using randomised controlled trails (RCTs) to assess whether a treatment is effective or not. In psychology and related disciplines, observational studies are more common (as RCTs may not be feasible or ethical, e.g. it would not be possible to randomise children to poor or enriched social environments to assess impact on cognitions), and systematic reviews have a very important role to play.
It is very difficult to perform a systematic review alone. The highest quality reviews will have input from experts in
(see presentation on systematic Literature Searching Sheila Fisken)
> Clearly establish what your question is: consider using PICO:
This may need several revisions, and some scoping of the literature, to find something that is specific and answerable. A. clear, specific and answerable question is essential to a successful review.
To avoid wasting your time and energy, establish whether this question has already been answered in the published literature, or is registered as an on-going review (e.g. search in DARE, which contains abstracts of quality assessed systematic reviews and details of all Cochrane reviews and protocols, or NHS EED which contains abstracts of quality assessed economic evaluations)
This will ensure that others know yours is on-going (and many journals will now look for registration to ensure high quality reviews which do not deviate from pre-defined criteria are published)
This can be complex and requires searching in different databases (which each require different search strategies) as well as locating non-published studies e.g. by contacting experts in the field, or hand-searching conference proceedings (see presentation on Systematic Literature searching Sheila Fisken). Seek advice directly from your librarian (for the University of Edinburgh, contact Sheila Fisken)
You will also need to become familiar with reference management software (e.g. RefMan, EndNote, Mendeley Wikipedia compares many of the available product. To allow you to manage your searches and also to make writing the final paper easier.
By screening the title and/or abstract you will be able to reject many of the papers you identified as not fulfilling your inclusion criteria. You should then generate a long-list of all the papers you need to read in more detail (err on the side of over-inclusion). Retrieve these from the library from e-journals, by copying the paper original, or request an inter-library loan. Keep a record of why you reject each one (to allow you to fill in the PRISMA flowchart, see later). Ideally, this should be done by two researchers independently (it is very easy to miss one or two articles when screening large numbers) and disputes settled between you, or with discussion with a third person.
Devise a form tailored to your research question to ensure you obtain all relevant information from each of the included studies. You will need to pilot and refine this form before your final search. Ideally this form should be electronic to minimise transcription errors.
There is no consensus on the best way to assess study quality, but most methods encompass issues such as:
The consensus reporting guidelines for different study designs proposed by EQUATOR are the use full starting point, but note these are guidelines for reporting of original studies, NOT for assessment of study quality.
STROBE also provides useful guidelines for good reporting of observational research, including checklists of items that should be included in this type of research.
Useful resources for assessing quality of different study designs can be found here and some specific examples are QUADAS for studies of diagnostic accuracy
This article by Sanderson, Tatt and Higgins (2007) provides a review of the wide range of tools used to assess study quality. It does not recommend any specific tool for general use, but lists the domains which should be included [1) appropriate selection of participants 2) appropriate measurement of variables and 3) appropriate control of confounding, as well as considering design specific biases]. You may need to develop your own quality assessment tool, but do seek advice on the best method of quality assessment for your review.
This article by the Cochrane Collaboration describes a tool they developed for assessing risk of bias in random trials
You can present the data from the studies narratively and/or statistically (a meta-analysis). If studies are very heterogenous it may be most appropriate to summarise the data narratively and not attempt a statistical (meta-analytic) summary.
There are guidelines as to how to present a narrative synthesis here (see section 220.127.116.11 –Narrative Synthesis). A statistical synthesis should include numerical and graphical presentations of the data, and also look at the strength and consistency of the evidence and investigate reasons for any inconsistencies.
For guidance on how to review a diagnostic study see this powerpoint presentation by Francesca Chappell
It is essential that your review is presented clearly and in accordance with current best practice. For general guidance seethe Equator network site here
The PRISMA statement and this related article by Liberati et al. (2009) provies very clear guidance on reporting of systematic reviews, including a flow chart studies, and there is useful advice on reporting meta-analysis of observational studies (MOOSE) at JAMA, 2000 PMID: 10789670
General guidance on scientific writing
A very useful guide on how to write a systematic review by Prof Joanna Wardlaw (2010)
Examples of published systematic reviews and meta-analyses by resesarchers from CCACE
Ensure it is sunitted and published, and registered on the relevant database if appropriate. Remember that research will progress, and your review may need to be updated. It is essential that you keep clear (paper and electronic) records of your search, decisions and data extraction so this can be repeated. | <urn:uuid:ee032945-b92b-41db-9340-63f9752f0a1d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.medwelljournals.com/guide_meta.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.931125 | 1,582 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Linda Wertheimer talks with Steve Saltzburg, professor of law at George Washington University School of Law. He specializes in criminal law and procedure and was a Department of Justice official from 1988-89. Saltzburg talks about what Congress can do as a result of the hearings on the Rich pardon. He says, despite the fact that Congress has no power to overturn the pardon, Congress can turn over any evidence of laws broken during the pardon process to the Attorney General for possible prosecution, and may consider introducing a constitutional ammendment. Saltzburg believes that Congress is more likely to suggest that future presidents should follow the normal procedures for review of pardon requests by the Department of Justice.
Copyright 2001 NPR | <urn:uuid:b31fab55-4a49-4cce-97d2-d0a3b1b8bbe9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kuer.org/2001-02-28/remedy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.945477 | 146 | 1.851563 | 2 |
We are so attached to our computers and smart phones, it seems nearly impossible to even get through a dinner without someone (or everyone) picking up his or her phone to text, Tweet, check-in, or share a photo. It begs me to ask the question- have we become TOO social? And have we forgotten what the word “social” really means?
- Is it time to “drop the social“? [Mashable]
- We rely on computers and devices and social networks for just about everything. So much so that Facebook is preparing for a $100B IPO and they really have you to thank. [Mashable]
- Since you spend so much time there, have you ever thought about how people look at your Facebook profile? [Mashable]
- Facebook is a little too big for you? Try out Path. A social site with a cap of 150 friends. It’s like an intimate dinner party- except without the dinner… or the party. [HuffingtonPost]
- Think it’s just for sharing what you ate for breakfast? Au contraire! Twitter is the new place to find a job. [DashBurst]
- For instance, WhoWhatWear is hiring a Social Media Manager. [Fashionista]
- Fashion not your thing? Stat.us will help you keep up to date with all your sports scores. Thank goodness. [TechCrunch]
- Remember when media meant making a commercial? Check out the first Marc Jacobs commercial here. [Elle]
- Speaking of commercials, even they have become “social” as shown here with this “Choose Your Own Adventure” commercial by Madewell [T Magazine]
- Is all this social chatter making you feel ill? Good news! A new site called Doximity will help you find a doctor [TechCrunch]
- Even the tech geeks are sick of geeks at this point. That’s why they’re packing up and headed for the Big Apple. [BetaBeat]
Perhaps it’s time to put down our gadgets and make real life connections– with the people who are right in front of our faces. Sure we are all “connected” but are we really “connecting” at all anymore? | <urn:uuid:70679ca5-b935-4db6-87e1-35df05b01543> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.whydidyouwearthat.com/tag/doximity/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00071-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939888 | 485 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Tue Jul 21 00:11:16 CEST 2009
On Jul 20, 2009, at 8:28 PM, Dave Pawson wrote:
>> Node = (approx) a single processor/computer/machine?
> That's how I had it. Then one of those is 'the erlang node', i.e.
> whole programs are started from.
There is no "THE" Erlang node. You can have any number of
communicating nodes, and any number of programs running on
them, and any of the programs might be started on any of the
With virtualisation these days, a single board might be
hosting several operating systems, each of which might
count as a "node" in the conventional internet sense.
So perhaps the best analogy these days is "an Erlang node is
like a loaded and running guest operating system on a
>> A light-weight state machine with a mailbox for receiving messages
>> from other processes or system IO resources. In java you might know
>> them as green threads. The node schedules processes to run when there
>> is something for them to do (like a message in the mailbox).
> This seems the key bit. Yet least natural to get hold of.
Erlang processes are precisely the same as operating system
tasks in the B6700 MCP (logically separate stacks sharing an
address space) or threads in Microsoft's Singularity operating
system. They are lightweight because the compiler guarantees
that they *cannot* interfere with each other's data structures,
so hardware protection schemes (and the heavy costs of
switching them) are not needed. (This is one reason why a
Foreign Function Interface for Erlang is a Bad Idea: load
FFI code and you lose the guarantees, completely.)
There is little or no *conceptual* difference between Erlang
processes and Unix or Windows processes (without using
intra-OS-process threads). They are isolated from each other,
they run when they are ready to run and the system has
capacity to run them, they communicate via channels (or
possibly through file system objects). The differences are
*practical*: Erlang processes take much less space, are
much cheaper to create, and don't have heavy switching costs,
so they are much more "thinkable".
> Receiving messages is a key part.
> Is it true that a process is generally a single module ('a chunk of
> Even if code from other modules is used?
I thought I understood the question, now I'm not so sure.
Since a process does not come into existence until a spawn()
of some kind is executed, and since such a spawn() must occur
*somewhere*, that is in some module, you can associate a
module with each process. Since each process starts out
running some function, and that function must be in some
module, you can associate a module with each process. There
is no reason for those two modules to be the same, and they
very often aren't. The code that the process spends most of
its time executing may come from other modules entirely; the
process may not even care if neither of the two associated
modules exists any more. (By the way, I wrote that "you"
can associate modules with processes. Erlang associates
the starting function's module with the code, but not the
spawning function's module.)
More importantly, OTP provides a number of "behaviours".
These are commonly useful patterns of concurrency that are
more robustly engineered than anything you might initially
have constructed yourself. Processes implemented using
behaviours are an intimate mix of *two* modules: the
behaviour module and the callback module.
> And what's the relationship between scheduling, the VM and processes/
module .o or .so file
> Less understood here. I guess resource is a bit vague!
No, "resource" just means in Erlang what it means in other
languages. (Apple's use of the term "resource" in Mac OS
is related but distinct because the notion of sharing is
A resource is something that you get, use for
a while, and release. It's like checking out a book from
a library, reading it for a while, and returning it. The
thing about resources is
- other people/processes may want the same things
- they have to be given back or others will never get them
Think of files, databases, devices:
You have to get a connection to the file or database or device.
You get to use the resource _through_ the connection.
You HAVE to close the connection.
This concept is extremely important in most programming
languages, with the possible exception of Limbo. The reason
is that even in a garbage collected language, manual return of
resources is important so that resources are returned for
others to use *promptly*. C++ programmers tend to rely on
destructors, via the "Resource Acquisition Is Initialisation"
design pattern, but the nearest analogue of destructors in
Java (finalizers) don't work the same way, and so manual
release of resources is still needed. (Necula has a very nice
paper about this. The point is that a lot of Java gets this
wrong, thanks to exception (mis-)handling.)
The concept is important for Erlang for the same reason.
Once you have gained a resource, you MUST arrange for it to
be given back, even if your process gets an exception, or is
killed by a process at the other end of a link exiting.
So don't worry about what a resource is.
Worry about "what MUST I arrange to give back?"
Look that one up in an English dictionary,
not in an Erlang book. A task might be something that
a human has to do, not just a computer.
More information about the erlang-questions | <urn:uuid:2181a556-066f-4da1-9c25-9be95c5505a2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://erlang.org/pipermail/erlang-questions/2009-July/045454.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00285-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.913551 | 1,262 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Short Trips to Uttarakhand for Monsoon Lovers
Monsoon is here! Uttarakhand
is a state which can be visited throughout the year. Though landslides, floods during monsoon make news headlines, still there are places where you can visit and enjoy the lush greenery amid the dense forests of the state. Here’s a look at some offbeat destinations of the picturesque Uttarakhand you can visit this monsoon.
Munsiyari, meaning a place with snow, has become a preferred tourist destination for the mountain and glacier trekkers. Situated amid the dense forests, it is a home to a variety of animals and birds. It is advised that you have food at nearby village Nachani. Enjoy the breathtaking views of Namic glacier and Panchuli Peaks during the monsoon visit.
This is the place if you want to see the panoramic view of the Kumaon Himalayas. Gagar is at a distance of 10 kms from Ramgarh in Uttarakhand. Start your pahari trail amidst the refreshing green mountains.
If you want to walk on the orange carpet of beautiful pine needles amid Himalayan backdrop, you must visit the Cultural Heart of the Kumaon region, Almora. It is a hill station as well. The pines look more beautiful during the rainy season. Apart from holding the exceptional scenic beauty, Almora carries within a rich exciting history.
To experience another beautiful retreat in the monsoon you can head towards the Dhanachuli. You can get drenched in the rains, soak yourselves in the Himalayan sunset and watch locals gathering apples from the orchards at Dhanachuli. Surely, you will fell in love with the place.
A must-visit place if you are staying near Delhi! Boating, angling, paragliding, rappelling and trekking are must to do things on your trip to Bhimtal. If you are looking for peace and tranquility, Bhimtal is one such place where you should visit during monsoons.
Looking for the pictures that worth thousand words? We would say visit Binsar to capture the amazing Himalayan panoramas. Binsar, the highest hill station in the Kumaon region, houses a variety of birds from Himalayas. You can go for trekking in the rains too if you are looking for some adventure.
Ever imagined yourself between the fascinating hills, enjoying the drizzle where clouds play hide and seek amid the verdant mountains? Chakrata in Uttarakhand
is such a place surrounded with the oaks and rhododendrons’ forests. Travelling to Chakrata itself is an amazing experience with a fairy-tale like scenery painted all over, in reality.
One of the most beautiful hamlets of Uttarakhand, Kanatal has a pleasing weather throughout the year. Kanatal is a place to relax in the lap of the nature. Relish the lush green nature this monsoon.
The mighty pine and oak trees and the dominating petrichor would make you love the place more than anything else. If you don’t want to miss those beautiful Himalayan birds then don’t forget to carry your binoculars.
The empty winding roads, the churches of Colonial era and the dense forests are the words that describe Landour, situated near Mussoorie.
Put on your trekking shoes to some adventure in the Kumaon hills. Let the monsoons bring the mellow rain in your life.Let us know about your experiences in Uttarakhand through the comment section below. | <urn:uuid:0139b8f7-66c7-4b8b-aa50-100e10d19284> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.uttarakhandonline.in/about/tourism/short-trips-to-uttarakhand-for-monsoon-lovers | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.928995 | 792 | 1.640625 | 2 |
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08-19-2009, 11:23 AM #1
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08-19-2009, 12:39 PM #2
- Join Date
- Dec 2008
Re: Free - create your own flash cards
This will really help josh with learning his state capitols!! | <urn:uuid:c7ba11ff-3441-444a-b03e-4b7ec520d7dd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.budget101.com/showthread.php/67379-Free-create-your-own-flash-cards | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00089-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.868781 | 352 | 2.15625 | 2 |
From chilly Alaska to sunny Baja California, on the exposed rocky shores between low and high tide, lives a group of marine organisms in delicate balance with one another. But one organism, the starfish Pisaster ochracues, is the pillar of the community on which the stability of the entire system depends.
If that single predator is removed, dramatic changes result in the varieties and population densities of all the other species in the community. Interestingly, no comparable changes appear when other "consumers" are removed from the biological fabric. That starfish is the "keystone" species governing biological diversity in the entire intertidal zone.
The keystone species concept has been a mainstay of the ecological and conservation biology literature since its introduction by UW zoology professor Robert T. Paine in 1969. His seminal paper extended the conclusions of a field experiment published three years earlier. The research resulting in the keystone species concept was done on Makah Tribal lands on the outer coast of Washington State, with the Makahs' permission. It involved the sustained removal of a single predator species over a three-year interval and documentation of the resultant changes.
Keystone species are usually noticed when they are removed or they disappear from an ecosystem, resulting in dramatic changes to the rest of the community. The phenomenon has been observed in a wide range of ecosystems and for a wide range of organisms.
Put another way, a keystone species is one whose impacts on its community or ecosystem are large and greater than would be expected from its relative abundance or total biomass, explains Paine. Species that are known to play this role, besides the starfish mentioned above, include the sea otter, the freshwater bass, and the predatory whelk Concholepas (a kind of elongated sea snail). By contrast, trees, giant kelp, prairie grasses, and reef-building corals all have impacts that are large but not disproportionate to their total biomass, and therefore they are not keystone species.
A good illustration of Paine's keystone species concept is provided by the sea otter, which formerly occupied a range extending from the northern Japanese archipelago, through the Aleutian Islands, down the coast of North America as far south as Baja California. The return of the sea otter to southern California, for example, is restoring kelp beds and associated marine life there. That's because one of the favorite delicacies of the otter is the large sea urchin, which in turn feeds on kelp. As the sea otter returns to its native territories, scientists expect the population of invertebrates, like urchins and abalone, for example, to decrease as marine plant biomass increases. In fact, a decrease in sport and commercial abalone fisheries was reported following an influx of sea otters into areas of California, causing a controversy there.
Paine's work has been cited by hundreds of researchers over the years, and it has been proposed as a foundation for management efforts to protect the biological diversity of the world's ecosystems.
"Its importance," says Paine, "is that it convinced managers and conservationists alike that the ecological impact of single species matters. That is, in order to manage, understand, and restore ecological assemblages, the roles of individual species have to be understood and considered."
The concept has provided a powerful model for understanding the forces that organize ecological communities, and it has influenced the thinking of managers and policy makers as they set priorities in their efforts to conserve species and habitats. Over the years, controversy in scientific circles has grown up around the term keystone species as a result of "overly expansive usage." Through a United Nations Environmental Programme workshop held in 1994, prominent researchers in the field reached a new consensus about a definition of the term and new guidelines for its expanding applications in the future. | <urn:uuid:30e86205-3878-4c26-8437-66c259a48369> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.washington.edu/research/pathbreakers/1969g.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00319-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947608 | 786 | 3.890625 | 4 |
News | Announcement, Community
Know Your Status: HIV Home Testing Kits Available from Ryan Health
There’s nothing more important than knowing your health status. It drives every decision you make. That’s why Ryan Health makes it easy for you to know your HIV status by providing HIV home test kits.
“It’s a simple test, and we’re offering it because we want to provide resources for our patients who may have a fear of traveling right now,” says Kalyaní Sánchez, PrEP Network Coordinator at Ryan Health. “We want to protect them and the people they live with.”
And while quarantine and social distancing for COVID-19 are good reasons to stay in the house right now, Ryan Health offers HIV home test kits anytime. The home test kit fee is always waived, and if you need any more reasons: National HIV Testing Day is just around the corner, on June 27th.
The test is easy: just a simple oral swab rubbed on the top and bottom of your gums to pick up antibodies. You’ll be given the result, whether positive, negative, or inconclusive, within about 20 minutes. If you receive a positive result, we’ll want you to come in for a blood test to confirm the result. Ryan Health counselors are available to walk you through the process and provide options based on your results.
If you are on PrEP, you must be tested for HIV every three months, so the home test kit is convenient. PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) is a daily pill for those at high risk of exposure to HIV.
By contrast, PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis) is for those who think they might have been exposed to HIV. The sooner you start PEP after exposure, the better.
If your HIV test is positive, you should start anti-retroviral therapy as soon as possible — and you have the option of entering Immediate Antiretroviral Therapy, or i-ART. That means administering HIV medications within three days of a positive diagnosis to decrease your viral load. This will keep you healthier, and also help lower the community viral load - which helps prevent the spread.
“Testing is such a vital part of being on PrEP and PEP,” Sanchez says. “This is easy to order, and the process is simple to navigate.”
The free HIV test can be sent through the mail or delivered to Ryan Health - and you can pick it up if privacy is a concern.
HIV home test kits are just one of the services provided by Ryan Health’s HIV Prevention, Education, and Outreach (PEO) Department. For more than 30 years, PEO has provided HIV and STI (sexually transmitted infections) services, including PrEP and PEP counseling and education.
- Conducts 13,000 HIV tests annually
- Works with 500 Ryan Health patients on PrEP network-wide
- Ensures 1,310 PLWHA (People Living with HIV/AIDS) have access to Ryan Health services | <urn:uuid:72dbe834-51fa-4c81-9121-66e31b48d558> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ryanhealth.org/news/know-your-status-hiv-home-testing-kits-available-from-ryan-health | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.930152 | 657 | 1.617188 | 2 |
The Prototype cloak field generator was alleged to have been created by Sienar Design Systems for use only Darth Maul's Scimitar. Powered by stygium crystals, this cloaking device allowed Maul to easily infiltrate virtually any world undetected. Unfortunately, the supply of stygium was limited by the lack of supply—the crystal could only be found on Aeten II and it had a frequent burnout rate. The components of the prototype cloak field generator included a computer core, cloaking field antenna, orbital thrusters, cloaking field matrix, power conduits, and power cells.
- Star Wars: Episode I The Phantom Menace (First appearance) | <urn:uuid:4cf31b2c-f5f8-4c13-8a3e-e83ec6b4f14d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://starwars.wikia.com/wiki/Prototype_cloak_field_generator | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718423.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00272-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93581 | 135 | 2.4375 | 2 |
A doctor who will be speaking at the Renaissance Weekend in Jackson this week says transparency at hospitals can lead to better healthcare for patients. Dr. Marty Makary, a surgeon at Johns Hopkins Hospital and author of Unaccountable, a book about hospital transparency, says the lack of transparency at many hospitals stems from both data and historical attitudes.
“There are no villains in the game but historically we have not done a great job being transparent about the delivery of medical care. And this comes from the Victorian era. When President Garfield was sick the doctors disclosed more to the press than they did to his family or himself,” says Makary.
Makary says transparency efforts should include everything from bedside disclosures to patients, releases about risks and options of surgical procedures, and hospital performance in a community.
“We know historically when information is transparent that hospitals tend to improve. That is with any industry when metrics of performance are visible to the consumers there is a broad effect where the tide raises all boats and there’s widespread improvement,” he says.
Makary says the Affordable Care Act requires more transparency from doctors about conflicts of interests but he says the ACA doesn’t go far enough with transparency in other areas. He adds that Wyoming has additional, unique challenges due to its small population and rural population. | <urn:uuid:657ae247-9a31-4db3-a8b1-19461a0b919c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://wyomingpublicmedia.org/post/transparency-key-hospitals-doctor-says | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00219-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954191 | 271 | 2.4375 | 2 |
The Executive Branch Ethics Commission's enabling statute is embodied in Kentucky Revised Statute Chapter 11A. The laws setting out the Code of Ethics are contained in Kentucky Revised Statute Chapter 11A and Title 9 of the Kentucky Administrative Regulations, as well as Executive Order 2008-454 ,its amendment, Executive Order 2009-882, and Executive Order 2016 - 377 .
The Executive Branch Code of Ethics created by Kentucky Revised Statutes (KRS) Chapter 11A, effective July 14, 1992, establishes the ethical standards that govern the conduct of all executive branch employees. The code of ethics was enacted to promote public confidence in the government of the Commonwealth and its employees. The Executive Branch Ethics Commission, authorized by KRS 11A.060, is an independent agency of the Commonwealth which has been given the responsibility of administering and enforcing the provisions of the code of ethics.
We invite you to report suspected violations of the Executive Branch Code of Ethics by telephoning us at 1 800-664-7954, e-mailing the Commission's Executive Director at: Katie.Gabhart@ky.gov.
Function and Mission
The mission of the Executive Branch Ethics Commission is to promote the ethical conduct of elected officials, officers and other employees in the executive branch of state government. The Commission seeks to fulfill its mission through:
- administering a program of training and education on the code of ethics;
- providing guidance to state employees concerning their ethical conduct;
- enforcing the provisions of the code of ethics;
- interpreting the code of ethics through the issuance of advisory opinions;
- registering executive agency lobbyists; and
- recommending legislation to the General Assembly.
The office of the Commission reviews and houses records for public inspection including:
- statements of financial disclosure required of elected officials, candidates and certain state employees;
- executive agency lobbyists registration statements;
- gift disclosure statements; and
- the day to day public record of the Commission.
The Commission’s staff provides state employees, executive agency lobbyists and the public with information, guidance and training aimed at promoting ethical conduct of executive branch employees. | <urn:uuid:ff2cf4eb-86a0-48c0-bb8b-681224a90348> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ethics.ky.gov/Pages/default.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00554-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.924392 | 427 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Introduction: Caring for a family member with a long-term illness is a significant source of chronic stress that might significantly accelerate the cognitive ageing of informal caregivers. Nevertheless, the absence of a defined theoretical body of literature on the neuropsychology of this population makes it difficult to understand what the characteristic neuropsychological deficits of these caregivers are.; Aims: The main aim of this study is to carry out a systematic review of studies of cognitive deficits present in informal caregivers of people with several chronic pathologies, and analyse the effects of cognitive-behavioural interventions on caregivers' cognition.; Methods: The scientific literature was reviewed following the PRISMA quality criteria for reviews using the following digital databases: PubMEd, PsycINFO, and Dialnet.; Results: Identification of 2046 abstracts and retrieval of 211 full texts led to the inclusion of 38 papers. The studies showed heterogeneous results, but most of the cross-sectional studies reviewed that employed neuropsychological assessments concluded that informal caregivers reported a generalized cognitive deterioration, especially memory dysfunctions (i.e. learning verbal, visuospatial, and digit information). Moreover, they also presented low selective attention and capacity for inhibition, along with slow processing speed. Longitudinal studies confirmed that caregivers whose care situation was more prolonged showed a marked deterioration in their overall cognitive state, memory, processing speed, and vocabulary richness. However, although the patient's death does not seem to reverse the neuropsychological alterations in caregivers, cognitive-behavioural interventions that employ techniques to reduce stress levels, cognitive biases, and inadequate adaptation schemas seem to improve some of the aforementioned cognitive abilities.; Conclusions: Results from this synthesis and critical analysis of neuropsychological deficits in informal caregivers offer guidelines for diagnosing caregivers' cognitive status by including a test battery covering all the domains considered relevant. Finally, given the ability of cognitive behavioural interventions to improve cognition in caregivers, further studies on their long-term effects on caregivers are warranted. Chronic stress entails an acceleration of the cognitive ageing Cross-sectional studies concluded that informal caregivers reported a generalized cognitive deterioration Cognitive-behavioural interventions seem to improve cognitive abilities of caregivers. | <urn:uuid:4feda87d-30e6-4f27-8769-dba729bc6f2a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wels.open.ac.uk/research-project/caren/node/4695 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.912056 | 432 | 2.1875 | 2 |
eso0754 — Organisation Release
2009 to be the International Year of Astronomy
20 December 2007
Yesterday, the 62nd General Assembly of the United Nations proclaimed 2009 the International Year of Astronomy, with the aim of increasing awareness among the public of the importance of astronomical sciences and of promoting widespread access to new knowledge and experiences of astronomical observation.
The year 2009 is chosen to commemorate the 400 years since renowned scientist Galileo Galilei pointed a telescope towards the sky. This led him to discover, among other things, the four major satellites of Jupiter, the mountains and craters on the Moon, as well as sunspots. More importantly perhaps, Galileo's use of the telescope substantiated Copernicus' heliocentric model of our Solar System, paving the way for modern science, and for four hundred years of amazing discoveries in astronomy.
Nowadays, telescopes on the ground and in space explore the Universe, 24 hours a day, across the whole electromagnetic spectrum. And indeed, today, astronomy stands out as one of the most modern and dynamic sciences, using some of the most advanced technologies and sophisticated techniques available to scientists.
The United Nations Resolution was submitted by Italy, Galileo Galilei's home country, gaining full support of the General Assembly's Second Committee. The International Year of Astronomy 2009 (IYA 2009) is an initiative by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) and UNESCO.
"This is an important step in furthering the interest of the public in what is arguably the oldest of all sciences: astronomy," says Tim de Zeeuw, the ESO Director General. "I am very proud because ESO and its member states have been actively working together with the IAU and UNESCO to help achieve this result."
In addition to a wide array of activities planned both at the local and international level, ESO is also hosting the IYA 2009 Secretariat at its Headquarters in Garching.
At the IAU General Assembly held in July 2003 in Sydney (Australia), the IAU proposed to designate 2009 as the International Year of Astronomy. Based on the initiative of Italy, the 2005 General Conference of UNESCO recommended that the UN General Assembly should declare the year 2009 the International Year of Astronomy.
The UN has designated "the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization as the lead agency and focal point for the Year, and invites it to organize, in this capacity, activities to be realized during the Year, in collaboration with other relevant entities of the United Nations system, the International Astronomical Union, the European Southern Observatory and astronomical societies and groups throughout the world."
- For more information about the International Year of Astronomy 2009, please visit its website athttp://www.astronomy2009.org/.
- The associated IAU Press Release.
Tel: +49 89 3200 6728
Tel: +49 89 3200 6759 | <urn:uuid:edc6c740-46fb-449d-bfce-0eba42cd8388> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://eso.org/public/news/eso0754/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00029-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.900978 | 588 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Why are fewer and fewer students interested in liberal arts and more focused on professional degrees? Dan Edelstein's theory:
The only problem with this logic is that universities in fact bear a considerable responsibility for the brain drain away from the humanities. By raising the cost of education to stratospheric levels, we oblige students to seek a higher return on their investment. It is this sort of economic calculation, I suggest, and not some alleged generational change, that is driving students in droves towards preprofessional degrees.
He forecasts a dire future for the humanities.
Until the tuition imbalance stabilizes – and eventually Congress may well intervene to ensure that it does – humanities departments need to act more aggressively to ensure their survival. Increasing the turnout of majors may be beyond our reach, but we perhaps need to rethink the relationship between research and teaching. Do highly specialized courses offered by individual departments provide the best kind of background in the humanities for students headed for careers in law, engineering, finance, or science? Or do we need to offer more cross-disciplinary courses, ideally team-taught by faculty from different departments, on core questions and topics in the humanities? The bulk of our teaching is geared toward majors and graduate students. If we do not want to be the victims of the next recession (or, if it lasts long enough, the current one), we also need to target those students who feel they do no longer have the luxury of specializing in a humanistic subject.
If I were to choose one subject to start this movement to more practical instruction, it would be writing. Non-English majors are often forced to take some eclectic literature course when a more focused class on writing well would prove so much more practical over the course of their lives. I'm amazed how few people I encounter in the professional world who can write with clarity and command.
If we look at the Internet space, the world seems ready for a new and more focused educational paradigm for the modern age. Or at least an alternative to the traditional educational roadmap in the U.S.
RELATED: It's been clear for some time now that the tech sector is in the midst of a huge software engineer shortage. This weekend the NYTimes wrote about the wide variety of perks companies are dangling to not only hire new employees but keep the ones they have from bolting.
In a market like this, it wouldn't surprise me at all if a company like Google started its own alternative educational institution to train software engineers from an even earlier age in life (high school, perhaps), in exchange for a first look at candidates or just to expand the pool of candidates in general. Just as in sports, the cheapest candidates are those fresh out of school, before their salaries correct over time to match their contributions. Given how much of their work can be leveraged across a global audience now, the return on investment from a software engineer is massive. | <urn:uuid:edcab0e1-a1a8-4685-8c85-35c4f0d0f0aa> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.eugenewei.com/imported-mt-blog | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00189-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969134 | 586 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Monmouth University Hosts Project PRIDE
Back to All News
Program: Project PRIDE (Promoting Responsibility in Drug Education)
Date: Tuesday, December 3, 2013
Time: 4 to 5 p.m.
Where: Pollak Theatre, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ
Audience: Monmouth University students and high school students from Long Branch Middle School, Long Branch High School, Rumson Fair Haven High School, Keansburg High School, and Henry Hudson High School
Cost: Free and Open to the Public
Contact: Suanne Schaad at 732-263-5804
Monmouth University will host the Project PRIDE (Promoting Responsibility in Drug Education) program on Tuesday, December 3, 2013, from 4 to 5 p.m. in Pollak Theatre. The program, run through the New Jersey Department of Corrections, sends inmates into universities and schools to talk to students about the wrong choices they have made and the resulting consequences. The inmates will discuss their personal stories and experiences with the criminal justice system. This program is free and open to the public.
For additional information, please contact Suanne Schaad, Monmouth University substance awareness coordinator, at 732-263-5804. | <urn:uuid:0026927f-c0bf-40f6-a9cf-3670fa3a6b97> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://monmouth.edu/templates/NewsDetail.aspx?id=40802191497 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00007-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.918081 | 254 | 1.523438 | 2 |
land of wheat: the Beauce is a great wheat-growing area and one of France’s most productive agricultural areas generally. It is situated south-west of Paris, between the Seine and Loire rivers. It now comprises the département of Eure-et-Loir and parts of Loiret, Essonne, and Loir-et-Cher. The major town of the area is Chartres.
rooks: Zola’s model for Rognes was the village of Romilly-sur-Aigre, several miles east of Cloyes and about 15 miles south of Châteaudun.
Plassans: Plassans, based on Aix-en-Provence (where Zola spent his childhood and youth), is the fictional town that is the origin of the Rougon-Macquart family. It is the setting of The Fortune of the Rougons and The Conquest of Plassans.
Solferino: the Battle of Solferino on 24 June 1859 resulted in the victory of the allied armies of France, under Napoleon III, and Sardinia, under Victor Emmanuel II, against the Austrian army under Emperor Franz Joseph I. The battle at Solferino (in present-day Lombardy) marked a decisive step towards the unification of Italy. The reference indicates that the novel opens towards the end of October 1860.
two months: in reality, the price of wheat fluctuated, but remained relatively stable, during the 1850s and 1860s. An agricultural crisis did not develop until 1879/80, when competition from abroad, especially the importation of cheap wheat from the United States, began to drive the grain price down. In other words, Zola is transposing onto the Second Empire (1852–70) the economic conditions of the 1880s.
Algerian campaigns: the conquest of Algeria was initiated in the last days of the Bourbon Restoration of Charles X (1820–30) as an attempt to increase his popularity amongst the French people, particularly in Paris, where many veterans of the Napoleonic Wars lived. Military conflict lasted throughout the 1830s and 1840s. From 1848 until independence in 1962, the whole Mediterranean region of Algeria was administered as an integral part of France.
pig-headedness: buté in French means ‘pig-headed’, and ‘Buteau’ shares the same second syllable as taureau (bull).
personally: in February 1848 demonstrations and rioting in Paris led to the fall of King Louis-Philippe and the declaration of the Second Republic (1848–51). In December 1848 Louis-Napoleon, nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte, was elected president, and civil liberties were curtailed. On 2 December 1851 Louis-Napoleon seized power in a coup d’état (this is the background to The Fortune of the Rougons). The following year he p. 432↵proclaimed himself Emperor Napoleon III, inaugurating the Second Empire (1852–70).
for centuries: wolves were to be found in the Beauce until the beginning of the nineteenth century.
Orgères … sixty years later: Orgères (or Orgères-en-Beauce) is a commune in the département of Eure-et-Loir, 18 miles from Châteaudun and 25 miles from Chartres. In 1870 its population was about 500. The Roasters (‘Chauffeurs’) were a gang of bandits who plagued the Beauce from 1785 to 1792.
Jacquerie: an insurrection of peasants against the nobility in north-eastern France in 1358—so named from the nobles’ habit of referring contemptuously to any peasant as Jacques or Jacques Bonhomme.
Louis XVIII, Charles X, Louis-Philippe: Louis XVIII, brother of Louis XVI (executed in 1793), became king after Napoleon was deposed and sent into exile on the island of Elba, thus restoring the Bourbon dynasty. He died in 1824 and was succeeded by his brother, Charles X. In July 1830, three days of revolution forced Charles X to abdicate. Louis-Philippe, duc d’Orléans, became the ‘Citizen King’, beginning the so-called July Monarchy (1830–48).
Directory: the Directory was the French Revolutionary government set up in November 1795. It was an executive body of five members including the young general Napoleon Bonaparte. It came to an end with the coup d’état of 18 Brumaire (9 November 1799) in which Napoleon overthrew it and replaced it with the Consulate (1799–1804).
Voltaire armchair: an armchair with a low seat and a high back, named after the French writer Voltaire (1694–1778).
a child: the second-person singular pronoun tu is normally used when addressing a friend, a relative, or a child and also normally among young people; the second-person plural pronoun vous corresponds to less informal usage.
Compiègne: the Château de Compiègne, located in Compiègne in the Oise département, was a royal residence built for Louis XV and restored by Napoleon. It was one of three seats of royal government, the others being Versailles and Fontainebleau. From 1856 onwards, Napoleon III and the Empress Eugénie made it their autumn residence.
Tuileries: the Tuileries Palace was a royal and imperial palace in Paris which stood on the right bank of the River Seine. It was the usual Parisian residence of most French monarchs, from Henri IV (r. 1589–1610) to Napoleon III, until it was gutted by fire during the Paris Commune in 1871.
treaties of 1861: a free trade treaty between France and Britain was signed on 23 January 1860 and was followed the next year by similar treaties with most other European countries.
p. 433↵Wheat is selling … produce: this was the price of wheat when Zola visited the Beauce in May 1886. He projected this parlous state of affairs back to the early 1860s, when the price was in fact nearly twice as high. The perceived crisis of French agriculture did not become a concern until the late 1870s and thereafter.
code civil: Ian Littlewood, in his excellent France: The Rough Guide Chronicle (London, 2002), writes: ‘For centuries the French legal system had relied on a mixture of Roman law in the southern parts of the country and customary law in Paris and the north, with much that concerned family life coming under the control of the Church. The period following the Revolution [of 1789], when so much of the old order, and the privileges enshrined in it, had been demolished, was an ideal moment to formulate a new civil code based on principles of reason rather than on the prejudices and special interests of the past. Napoleon set up a four-member commission, subject to frequent interventions by himself, to carry this out. The three books of the code deal respectively with the laws of persons, of goods and of contracts. The operation of the law is separated from political and ecclesiastical considerations, and central to it is the principle of equal rights and equal treatment for all citizens’ (p. 219).
A year went by: the action of the first two chapters of Part Three takes place in the summer of 1864; that of the third chapter takes place in July 1865.
the man of 1848: on 24 February 1848 there was a revolution in Paris. Demonstrations and rioting led to the downfall of the ‘Citizen King’, Louis-Philippe (r. 1830–48) and the declaration of the Second Republic. Political clubs sprang up to debate ideas, some of them extravagantly utopian, for radical social reform.
when the Cossacks were in the Beauce: a reference to the invasion of France in 1814 by the coalition European armies, including Cossacks.
upcoming elections: Zola puts the elections in July 1868, whereas they actually took place in May 1869.
married for two years: as in some of his other novels, the implications of some of Zola’s chronological references do not stand up to scrutiny (cf. note to p. 278). If Jean and Françoise married in August 1869, and have been married for two years, the present action must be taking place in February 1871, after the Franco-Prussian War (whose imminence is announced at the end of the novel). But this is an inconsequential point, given the overwhelming general verisimilitude and the essentially poetic nature of his representation of the peasant world. | <urn:uuid:cb2a6df2-6c1e-47f9-bf11-feaeb60e6011> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://oxfordworldsclassics.com/view/10.1093/owc/9780199677870.001.0001/isbn-9780199677870-book-part-37?print | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.959722 | 1,893 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Andres Marin 1975 classical guitar – an exceptional guitar for several reasons:
1. this is a very rare model made of African mahogany, which gives the guitar impressive tonal nuances.
2. the guitar was specially built for the famous Spanish composer Pablo Guerrero by Andres Martin. The dedication can be seen on the label.
Andres Martin was born in Madrid in 1911 and first apprenticed in 1935 with Julio Bustamante, a guitar maker from Granada who lived in Madrid and had his workshop at 27 Calle Norte.
He later worked for Marcelo Barbero. He also had the opportunity to meet and learn from Santos Hernandez and Domingo Esteso.
During his long career he built about 1000 instruments – guitars, lutes and bandurrias. He also taught his brother-in-law Francisco Rojo Solar the art of guitar making.
Andres Martin died in 1977.
This guitar is the ultimate sound experience and it produces extraordinary tones and really amazed us. Let me explain briefly:
First of all, this guitar is light as a feather and the woods have dried beautifully. The woods vibrate incredibly well and the sound comes directly as a result, giving the whole sound a feeling of lightness. In addition, the special nuance of the wood gives the sound a mystical and enchanting note.
This guitar is a real dream instrument, for the quiet hours at home. It transports the player and listener to distant worlds and is absolutely inspiring.
There is simply a wonderful range of timbres to marvel at with this guitar.
It has the typical Andres Martin headstock. The rosette is a beautiful inlay work. Back and sides are made of African mahogany. The top is made of cedar. All materials used in the construction of this instrument are of the highest quality. The guitar is signed, dated and stamped inside the body.
The guitar has been played and loved a lot. You can see clear signs of play and use. Also the one or other crack has been repaired. All repairs are stable.
The action is low and the guitar is easy to play. The scale length is 660 mm and the nut width is 52 mm. | <urn:uuid:ac96ba01-49f4-446e-9f57-f83bd7b03e59> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.vintage-guitar-world.com/shop/andres-martin-1975-pablo-guerrero/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.974723 | 457 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Daulangee: A beautiful place famous for Monastery
Dulangee is a beautiful village in the Solan district, which is basically famous for the Tibetan monastery. This monastery was established in the 1970 by the state government. Here we are talking about the history of this place, when these peoples come to India and what are main attractions of the place and how to reach this place. All these points are discussed in details in the article.
Daulangee: A famous Monastery
Daulanggee is a beautiful village situated on the border of the Solan- Sirmaur. This place is about 15 km from the Solan on the Narang road. This place becomes popular when Tibetans came to this place and they built a Monastery in the 1970s. After that this place becomes very popular. This monastery was inaugurated by the Dalai Lama, who was the Guru of Tibetans. When firstly it was inaugurated than there is only a single building inside which there is a statue of the Lord Buddha's. But nowadays this monastery covered so many areas in which they open the separate school for the boys and girls including sports facility and other curriculums activities. They also opened a library in which all the Tibetans books and current newspaper and magazines are present. The internet facility is also available for only Tibetans or you have to take the permission from the organisation.
When Tibetans come to India
These peoples came when they are killed by the Chinese in 1970, than only the Himachal government give the some part of land for living in Maclorganj, Dharmshala. But nowadays they are spread across all over the part of country.
This monastery was built in the 1970, so these came after the inauguration of this monastery. Most of these people don't believe in the Buddha's religion. They mostly believe in the Bon Religion, which is only in Tibet or some country of South Asia. When you go to this monastery than inside it there are so many benches of the wood are placed for sitting, but only Bon religion peoples are allowed to sit no other people are allowed. They tell that only those people can sit on these benches, who have strongly believed in this religion. When they read their book or pray for the God than these peoples sit on these benches.
What are the main attraction of the Monastery
Inside the monastery there is an idol of the Lord Buddha's is placed, in front for the idol there are so many benches are placed on which they pray. On the back side of it, there is a large Library where so many Tibetans books and other magazines are available. There is also a reading room where you can sit or read the books and newspapers in Hindi and English.
On the right side of the library there is another building whose construction work is still under progress. There is also a playground for playing football and other games.
There are separate education are given to the boys and girls in separate schools. The boys department is much far away from the girls department. There are about 2 to 3 Chinese shops in which you can eat different Chinese fast foods.
How to reach the Monastery
This monastery is situated in the Daulangee, which is about 15 km from the Solan on the Narang road. There are not so many buses are available for this place but you can also reach this place by taxi or by taking three wheelers from Bye Pass.
The summer is the best season to visit this monastery, during that time this is neither hot no so much cold. | <urn:uuid:9225a147-e619-45df-a979-b5e3ff49e888> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.himachalspider.com/resources/4817-Daulangee-Famous-place-Monastery-Solan.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00254-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977597 | 725 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Premium access. Now some of the masters rowers that read this, may be thinking, what has a Tour de France cyclists performance got to do with rowing? They are not they same sports, and rowing is way tougher. They are not the same sports, yet both have similar demands on the body to produce enormous amounts of power. For instance, full throttle for a rider of Pogačar’s ability for an hour on the bike, is around 415 watts for his 65 kgs. That’s 6.4 watts per kg for an hour. For an 85 kg master . . . | <urn:uuid:6e5cc337-80e8-4a31-98e7-181247f36170> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://whchambers.com/zone-2-training-for-masters-athletes-why-heart-rate-shouldnt-be-ignored/?q=%2Fzone-2-training-for-masters-athletes-why-heart-rate-shouldnt-be-ignored%2F&rcp_action=lostpassword | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.960625 | 125 | 1.96875 | 2 |
December 3rd, 2005, 06:07 AM
hard drive clicking sound
i've got a 6 month old laptop and recently i've noticed this behavior: whenever the disk is accessed(read or write), 5 seconds later there is a single, fairly loud, clicking sound. It sounds like it might be the drive retracting the arm or something after it finishes it's task. Is this normal? I'm not sure if it's always made this noise and i just never noticed it before, if the noise was just quieter before, or if it's really a new development. In my past experience, this type of clicking noise usually meant a drive was dying, but it was usually more sporadic. This drive is also giving me good stats from it's S.M.A.R.T stuff, which makes me think it might be ok. None of the hard drives on my other computers(desktops) do this, but it makes sense that a laptop drive would retract the arm after it's finished to minimize damage to the disk or something, do they generally do that? Basically, is this normal behavior or should i be shopping for a new drive?
December 3rd, 2005, 06:14 AM
I need some more info, give me the specs of ur laptop... OS,Ram etc....
December 3rd, 2005, 07:15 AM
Mine has been doing it for more than 1 year without any Problem .............. Click Sound and Computer freezes for a Moment and everythig back to normal ..........
I have been treating it like it's Gonna Die on me any day but it hasen't till now......... Guess i am the Lucky One
My advice Treat the disk as if it may fail at any time and that means Back Up Everything you would regret you would looseing a ........... Keep a careful eye on the drive.............
Some said defragmenting the drive helps some said turning off power management But Nothing i have tried has solved this problem...
You said it's Six months old so it should be in the Warrenty period .......... Contact the manufacturer and see if they give a replacement or a solution.
December 3rd, 2005, 10:20 AM
Basically SMART and other HDD diagnostics are about the discs and the data, not about the electro-mechanical parts of the drive, so they are not much of a help here.
It sounds as if the r/w arm is retracting too far..............I would say it was potentially pretty bad news and send the box back if it is still under warranty.
That said, I cannot be certain without actually hearing it. Some HDDs are noisy for whatever reason. I remember when we changed over to Dell Dimension PIIIs.............the HDDs sounded like they were having a fit, but this was apparently normal as they all did it and there was a very low failure rate.
You might check Google to see if other people are reporting the phenomenon, and talk to the manufacturer and TELL them that your HDD sounds like it is about to die. If they suggest you run diagnostics, ask them how that would detect an electro-mechanical problem
December 3rd, 2005, 06:03 PM
hmmm, so you think its dying. now i just wanna figure out what may have caused it so i dont kill the next drive so fast. i think there are 3 things that may have done it, which sounds most likely?
1. taking the drive out a few times:
i was pretty careful, but maybe i damaged it somehow? i may have pressed on the part that said "do not press" by accident.
2. using linux:
i've been using a PIIIX ide driver that says it supports ich4 chips, but my ide controller is an ich4-m. could any incompatibility here have damaged it?
3. movement while using the laptop:
i've been told all my life not to move a computer while its on because it will damage the hard drive and i really don't understand how a laptop can be used the way most people use them without the drive dying. could it have been damaged from me moving it while it was on? i guess the arm retracts after a read/write, so that the drive is less likely to get damaged if you move it around(do all drives do that or just those in laptops?), but what if it was in the middle of a read/write while i moved it? i often had to carry it around(very carefully) while it was on because my s3 wouldnt work in linux. i didnt disable the loggers and stuff so there's a good chance something was accessing the disk when it was being moved those times.
December 3rd, 2005, 07:01 PM
1. A very slight possibility, but you would have to be exceptionally clumsy. These things are pretty robust.
2. NO WAY! Operating systems don't damage hard drives, only (sometimes) the mental stability of the user
3. Not very likely unless you dropped it. As you imply laptops are meant to be used that way.
My favourite candidate is manufacturing defect. Remember that PC component cost have fallen so much that the manufacturers can only afford pretty cursory QA/QC. Rigorous testing only takes place on a sample basis.
Just my opinions
December 3rd, 2005, 07:13 PM
in that case, i guess i'll ask santa for a new hd, i got the laptop off ebay and theres no warranty. im thinking a seagate maybe, this one is a hitachi. i've bought a few seagates and i'm satisfied with them, only one has died so far and that was likely due to some very rough handling during shipping.
December 3rd, 2005, 07:25 PM
That is the way I would go, if only for the peace of mind it will give you
December 5th, 2005, 12:25 PM
Clicking sounds coming from the harddrive usually mean bad news.... I would replace the drive.. Just keep to the physical dimensions. Some 2.5 inch drives are thicker then others and it might not fit.
Experience is something you don't get until just after you need it.
December 5th, 2005, 02:30 PM
I would see how fragmented your drive is. If your hard drive has a lot of fragmented parts it may be accessing information from different parts of the drive in which would make the arm swing all the way out and then back in. I would recommend a product called Diskeeper, because I notice that the defragmenter that comes with windows doesnít seem to do as good of a job. Hard Drives can fail even if they are brand new. I donít know what products are out there for Linux users but I would guess they would be free. Diskeeper might even have a Linux edition. | <urn:uuid:076748b5-eb81-4948-8022-387722131684> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.antionline.com/showthread.php?269505-hard-drive-clicking-sound | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720962.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00385-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969661 | 1,424 | 1.539063 | 2 |
WASHINGTON, May 10, 2012 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- Bread for the World is disappointed that the U.S. House of Representatives passed a bill today that will further devastate the lives of hungry and poor Americans. The House approved the Sequester Replacement Reconciliation Act in a party-line 218-99 vote.
"Rather than take a balanced approach to deficit reduction, and enacting a budget that forms a circle of protection around funding for programs for hungry and poor people, this budget takes an unbalanced approach, refuses to consider revenue, and disproportionately harms our most vulnerable individuals," said Rev. David Beckmann. "We must reduce our deficits, but the reconciliation bill is the wrong way to do it."
The legislation makes drastic cuts to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, formerly food stamps). After passing a budget resolution that cut $134 billion from SNAP, House members went further and cut another $36 billion.
In addition to the SNAP cuts, the reconciliation bill prevents nearly 2 million working families from receiving the Child Tax Credit and eliminates the Social Services Block Grant, which helps fund services for seniors and children who are victims of abuse or neglect, Meals on Wheels, and child care for low-income families.
"While this bill has passed the House, these decisions are far from over," said Beckmann. "We call upon all members of Congress to stand up and loudly oppose cuts to programs that are a lifeline for families struggling to put food on the table and lift themselves out of poverty."
Bread for the World is a collective Christian voice urging our nation's decision-makers to end hunger at home and abroad.
SOURCE Bread for the World | <urn:uuid:1930a950-fb2d-4108-a1c6-237130da80da> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/house-bill-neglects-hungry-and-poor-people-and-will-likely-increase-poverty-151012195.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00130-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944617 | 347 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Click here for Frequently Asked Questions on Iodine.
The thyroid gland actively takes up iodine and incorporates iodine into thyroid hormone. Hence iodine deficiency or iodine excess can affect thyroid function, and produce thyroid disease. In some parts of the world, iodine deficiency remains a public health problem, and may lead to endemic goiter, hypothyroidism, and problems with optimal mental development. Accordingly, many countries have adopted widespread iodine supplementation programs as part of their approach to public health. For an overview of this type of program, see Drug Saf 2000 Feb;22(2):89-95 Iodine supplementation: benefits outweigh risks. If a patient with thyroid disease does not have adequate exposure to iodine in their diets or environment, then iodine supplementation may be helpful.
Most regions of North America have adequate exposure to iodine in the diet. For example, review the results of a survey of iodine levels in the US population Iodine status of the U.S. population, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004 Thyroid. 2008 Nov;18(11):1207-14. Hence additional supplementation with exogenous iodine, or iodine-rich foods such as kelp, may sometimes produce or exacerbate thyroid disease. Following implementation of an iodine supplementation regimen, there is a shift in the epidemiology of specific thyroid diseases, as reviewed in Thyroid 1998 Dec;8(12):1179-83 Epidemiology of thyroid diseases in iodine sufficiency. Indeed, several epidemics of iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction have been described that follow iodine supplementation programs, as reviewed in Thyroid 1998 Jan;8(1):83-100 Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism: occurrence and epidemiology and increases in the rates of hypothyroidism have been described in iodine-supplemented populations. See Large Differences in Incidences of Overt Hyper- and Hypothyroidism Associated with a Small Difference in Iodine Intake: A Prospective Comparative Register-Based Population Survey. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Oct 1;87(10):4462-4469.
Furthermore, in the absence of supplementation, excess iodine intake in different populations has also been associated with an increased incidence of goiter and thyroid dysfunction. See Endemic goiter associated with high iodine intake Am J Public Health 2000 Oct;90(10):1633-5.
Patients in North America may be exposed to excess iodine through dietary supplements, drugs such as amiodarone (Cordarone), cough and cold remedies, or foods such as kelp and various preparations containing seaweed extracts. It is important to be aware of potential sources of iodine excess, as this may influence the results of thyroid function testing, including interpretation of blood tests and nuclear medicine studies such as the thyroid scan or iodine uptake.
In some clinical settings, patients with severe hyperthyroidism may actually be treated with iodine for several days, which can also act paradoxically to transiently suppress release of thyroid hormone.
Iodine supplementation to patients with small goiters who live in parts of the world not characterized by iodine deficiency may exacerbate or unmask autoimmune thyroid disease. See The effect of iodine administration on the development of thyroid autoimmunity in patients with nontoxic goiter Thyroid 2000 Jun;10(6):493-7.
Although many patients are under the assumption that taking kelp, or iodine supplements will improve their thyroid function, it is quite common, particularly in older individuals, for iodine supplementation to paradoxically result in the development of hyperthyroidism. See Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism: occurrence and epidemiology. Thyroid. 1998 Jan;8(1):83-100. Review.
To review the use of iodine-containing supplements for the treatment of hyperthyroidism, or the development of hypothyroidism following exposure to iodine, see Iodine-Induced hypothyroidism. Thyroid. 2001 May;11(5):501-10.
To review the development of hyperthyroidism following exposure to iodine, see Iodine excess and hyperthyroidism. Thyroid. 2001 May;11(5):493-500.
How much iodine should I take to prevent my thyroid being exposed to radioactive iodine during a nuclear medicine test or after a nuclear accident?
Some patients will be prescribed drops of saturated iodine or Lugol's iodine, whereas others will take iodine in tablet form. A dose of about 100 mg daily will block the majority of exogenous iodine uptake in most patients. See Iodine kinetics and effectiveness of stable iodine prophylaxis after intake of radioactive iodine: a review. Thyroid. 2001 Apr;11(4):353-60.
To review specific recommendations about major radiation exposure see N Engl J Med 2002 May 16;346(20):1554-61, as excerpted below:
In the event of the detonation of a nuclear weapon or the release of radioactive material from a nuclear reactor, the most likely treatment of internal contamination would be the use of potassium iodide or iodate to prevent radioiodine from accumulating in the thyroid. The recommended daily dose of potassium iodide is 130 mg for adults, 65 mg for children 3 to 18 years old, 32 mg for children 1 month to up to 3 years old, and 16 mg for infants less than 1 month old. Potassium iodide must be taken shortly before exposure or within several hours after exposure to be effective. Both the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the FDA have approved the use of potassium iodide in emergencies. Potassium iodide is widely available through the mail and the Internet. Too high a dose will result in iodism, but the risk of serious side effects with the recommended dose is extremely small. Chelating agents (calcium or zinc diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid) are investigational drugs and are useful only if there is direct dispersal of plutonium or americium. Such agents are not very useful for the treatment of contamination with other radionuclides, and they are not useful after the detonation of a nuclear weapon.
I am scheduled to receive radioactive iodine as part of my thyroid cancer treatment. Should I follow a low iodine diet?
Although some physicians routinely prescribe a low iodine diet prior to administration of therapeutic dose of radioactive iodine, there have been no randomized control trials demonstrating the benefits of such diets. Furthermore, as many different types of foods contain iodine, it can be very challenging to follow a low iodine diet. Discuss this issue with your physician on an individual basis.
What should I do about my jewelry during my radioactive iodine treatment?
Although the risk of contaminating jewelry with radioactive iodine is small, this can rarely happen. Hence, wherever possible, it is probably prudent to leave your jewelry at home. See Contamination of a bracelet following iodine-131 therapy: a case report. J Nucl Med Technol. 2000 Dec;28(4):257-8. | <urn:uuid:a5e57564-c888-449d-b4aa-c59a668e530e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://mythyroid.com/iodine.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00465-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.905196 | 1,422 | 3.484375 | 3 |
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Länk Fielding AK. Current Hematology / the Education Program of the American Society of Patientgrupper med mindre ak- Kalia M (2015) Biomarkers for personalized oncology: recent advances and future Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology. från Society for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology (GPOH) och German USA, till exempel enligt terapioptimeringsstudier från Children's Oncology Volym 120, 2012, sid 1470-1472, PMID 22786877; ↑ A. Younes, AK Chlebowski RT, Anderson GL, Gass M, Lane DS, Aragaki AK, Kuller LH, et al. Estrogen plus progestin Hematology/oncology clinics of North America. 2000 A. K. Stewart, S. V. Rajkumar, M. A. Dimopoulos, T. Masszi, I. Špička, A. Oriol, et al., ASPIRE study," Journal of Hematology & Oncology, vol. av R De la Rosa · 2019 · Citerat av 3 — Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Research Department, National Institute of Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City Department of Hematology, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City 04530, D.; Loden, M.; Talhout, W.; Feenstra, M.; Abbas, B.; Classen, A.K.; van Steensel, av K Huitfeldt · 2018 — Hematology/oncology clinics of North America, Lisman, T., Caldwell, S. H., Burroughs, A. K., Northup, P. G., Senzolo, M., Stravitz, R. T., Tripodi, A.,. Trotter, J. F. Många av de frågor som är ak- Crohns sjukdom 16–19 år ingick inte i analysen av låga betyg i åk 9 eftersom de flesta fick Pediatric Hematology/Oncology.
Attending Physician, Pediatric Hematology/ Oncology Providence Alaska Medical Center, Anchorage, AK Hematologists in 2020. Find out what a Hematologist earns in different cities and companies. The highest paying states for hematologists include North Dakota, Alaska and Minnesota. Meanwhile Hematologist/Oncologist Kinston, N Aug 20, 2020 H WALLACE NPI profile information. NATALIE WALLACE, 207RH0003X - Hematology & Oncology Doctors & Physicians in ANCHORAGE, AK. We provide colonoscopy screenings as well as surgical treatment of colorectal cancer and are the only board certified colon and rectal surgeons in Alaska. Oaklawn's Hematology / Oncology Clinic is a comfortable and trusted environment for treating cancer and other blood related disorders.
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You will be provided with primary cancer treatment and continuous To learn more about cancer services available in Anchorage, call (907) 279-3155 to speak with a respectful staff member. Visit Alaska Oncology and Hematology, LLC online to discover the many ways they will help restore your health. Find 4 listings related to Alaska Oncology Hematology in Anchorage on YP.com. See reviews, photos, directions, phone numbers and more for Alaska Oncology Hematology locations in Anchorage, AK. The use of droplet digital PCR in liquid biopsies: A highly sensitive technique for MYD88 p.(L265P) detection in cerebrospinal fluid.
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907-279-3155. Fax. Oncology & Hematology Clinic. For updated information on Oncology & Hematology services at ANMC, please visit https://anthc.org/departments/oncology-hematology/. Clinic Hours and Contact Information.
You will be provided with primary cancer treatment and continuous
To learn more about cancer services available in Anchorage, call (907) 279-3155 to speak with a respectful staff member. Visit Alaska Oncology and Hematology, LLC online to discover the many ways they will help restore your health. Find 4 listings related to Alaska Oncology Hematology in Anchorage on YP.com.
Our pediatric oncology team maintains a clinic in Anchorage to serve patients throughout the state. Our pediatric oncologists are Alaska’s most experienced and are board-certified. Hematology / Oncology jobs in Alaska. 1 job to view and apply for now with NEJM CareerCenter How much does a Physician - Hematology/Oncology make in Anchorage, AK? The average Physician - Hematology/Oncology salary in Anchorage, AK is $345,908 as of March 29, 2021, but the range typically falls between $278,379 and $440,754.Salary ranges can vary widely depending on many important factors, including education, certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in There are 26 specialists practicing Hematology in Anchorage, AK with an overall average rating of 4.0 stars. There are 14 hospitals near Anchorage, AK with affiliated Hematology specialists, including Alaska Regional Hospital, Providence Alaska Medical Center and Mat-su Regional Medical Center. 4231 Lake Otis Pkwy Ste B2 Anchorage, AK 99508 (907) 569-2627. View Profile.
The Oncology and Hematology Clinic offers personal, state-of-the-art cancer care and treatment. We bring all aspects of care, from physician visits to lab appointments to the pharmacy to our patients at one convenient location. Find Alaska Hematology/Oncology jobs now! MDSearch.com is the leading online source of nationwide Hematology/Oncology Physician Jobs. Alaska Pediatric Oncology is proud to be based in Alaska, support local Alaska providers, and serve local Alaskans.
O E Olsen, K F Wader, K Misund, T K Våtsveen, T B Rø, A K Mylin, Ingemar Alison Gray, Andrew R.M. Bradbury, Achim Knappik, Andreas Plückthun, Carl A.K. Borrebaeck, et al. (2020) Nature Biotechnology Journal article Pediatric hematology and oncology 2014;31(4):327-39 Walker L, Porteous Me, Kennedy Mj, Side Le, Bove B, Godwin Ak, Stoppa-lyonnet D, Fassy-colcombet Journal of hematology & oncology 2017;10(1):131- Pierelli L, Piga A, Pollard D, Raaijmakers M, Radford J, Rambach R, Rao Ak, Raslova H, Rebulla P, Rees Patients had histologically confirmed Squamous cell carcinoma in situ (AK or BD) for Hematology Oncology Consultants · Hospital General Universitario Elche av L Kalk · 2018 — oncology. It focuses on cancer patients undergoing treatment. The purpose is to find out which factors SCO Academic search elite, PubMed, Pedro and Oncology hematology was used to col- lect studies. regelbunden fysisk ak- tivitet ger, the listing of the shares in Oncology Venture at Ak- Hematology published data showing that MPI's biomarker DRP may help to identify av K Jahnukainen — Schmiegelow M, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Rasmussen AK, clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society Pediatric hematology and oncology. 2000 Journal of hematology & oncology. 2017;10(1):156.
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JJ Cox, F Reimann, AK Nicholas, G Thornton… - Nature, 2006. Handbook of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology. av Caroline A. Hastings , Joseph C. Torkildson Play with Vocabs: It Is Just Like Cricket. av A. K. Rishav. Horn, L. & Garassino, M., 1 jan 2021, I: Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology. An 8-week report from the six pediatric onco-hematology centers in Lombardia, Italy.
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Book an appointment with us at (907) 279-3155. Alaska Oncology is a medical group practice located in Anchorage, AK that specializes in Medical Oncology and Hematology. | <urn:uuid:b2ff7d9b-16b3-41a5-ab7f-f7f0048d9b54> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://forsaljningavaktieratzx.firebaseapp.com/65886/83320.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.693323 | 2,043 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Sheet Music Buddy is a Windows 10 sheet music app to learn how to read sheet music and all the symbols that you see on a music sheet. This app can prove to be great for beginners learning music or even for expert musicians. The app has a simple interface and is pretty easy to navigate through.
The Windows 10 sheet music app can be downloaded from the Windows 10 store or from the link given at the end of this article. When you start this app you will come across an interface like the one shown in the screenshot below.
On the home page itself you have buttons so you can listen to sharps, flats, metronome sounds, play the piano, and terms and symbols dictionary. You can go through each option to understand things better.
This button will take you to a screen like the one shown in the above screenshot. Here you can listen to the sounds that each note makes. Use the plus and minus buttons to change the notes. You can also switch to flats and explore those notes as well.
Metronome button will have a page like the one shown in the above screenshot. Here you can listen to BPM (beats per minute), which can be increased or decreased as per your need. Clicking the start button here will start playing the sound and stop button is to stop the sound.
The piano button will bring a piano on your screen, where you can play all the notes that you have learned so far. This is a great way to practice the notes that you have just learned.
Terms and symbols dictionary
The last button is the terms and symbols dictionary where you can read about all the symbols that you see in a music sheet. The dictionary screen looks like the above screenshot. All the symbols which you see on a music sheet can be seen listed on this page. Once you click on a particular symbol, it will open up in full screen, with a description as to what that symbol represents.
Features of this Windows 10 sheet music app:
- Learn how to read sheet music.
- Learn the sounds of sharps/flats notes.
- Metronome can be changed to various speeds.
- Piano for practicing the notes.
- Symbols dictionary to explain what all the symbols mean on a music sheet.
- Simple interface.
Sheet Music Buddy is a nice app if you are a beginner and trying to learn music. You can use this app to learn how to read sheet music and all its symbols. The app is pretty simple and explains each of the symbols quite nicely. You can also use the piano button to catch a particular note or practice. So whether you are a beginner or an expert this app can prove to be helpful to both.
Check out Sheet Music Buddy for Windows 10 here. | <urn:uuid:69a27ea6-ffd9-4207-b6c0-10e4e2abfe88> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ilovefreesoftware.com/15/windows-10/windows-10-sheet-music-app.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.908951 | 578 | 2.625 | 3 |
USAGEclassify_hits_kingdom [-i tab_file] [-i second_BLAST_file] [-e evalue_cutoff]
[-t dir_where_TAXONOMY_files_are] [-g gi2taxid]
[-z PATH_TO_zcat] [-v]
DESCRIPTIONWill print out the taxonomic distribution (at the kingdom level) for a set of hits against the NR database. This script assumes you've done a search against the protein database, you'll have to make minor changes in the gi_taxid part to point to the gi_taxid_nuc.dump file.
This expects BLAST files in tabbed -m9 or -m8 format. Output with -m 8 or use blast2table.pl to convert (or fastam9_to_table.PLS if using FASTA).
Input values: -t/--taxonomy directory where the taxonomy .dmp files are (from NCBI) -g/--gi Location of gi_taxid_prot.dmp (or gi_taxid_nucl.dmp if the search was against a NT db) -i/--in The name of the tab delimited -m8/-m9 output files to process. -e/--evalue Provide an E-value cutoff for hits to be considered -z/--zcat Path to the 'zcat' executable, can also be 'gunzip -c' if no zcat on your system. Flags -v/--verbose To turn on verbose messages -h/--help Display this helpful information
This is intended to be useful starting script, but users may want to customize the output and parameters. Note that I am summarizing the kingdoms here and Eukaryota not falling into Metazoa, Viridiplantae, or Fungi gets grouped into the general superkingdom Eukaryota. for simplicity. There are comments in the code directing you to where changes can be made if you wanted to display hits by phylum for example. Note that you must wipe out the cache file 'gi2class' that is craeed in your directory after making these changes.
AUTHORJason Stajich jason_at_bioperl_dot_org | <urn:uuid:5d07db9a-6220-44cf-9be2-7ff8e65ffc76> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://manpages.org/classify_hits_kingdom | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.762511 | 490 | 1.703125 | 2 |
In this brief guide, we will answer the query, “What is a corned beef spice packet?”. We will also discuss the different spices used in a corned beef seasoning packet and the forms of spices used in it. Moreover, we will also describe the taste of corned beef.
What is a corned beef spice packet?
A standard corned beef seasoning packet is simply a pickling spice blend made up of peppercorns, bay leaves, mustard seeds, dill seeds, and at least a few other whole spices with warm and pungent aromas.
The term ‘corned’ refers to the practice of brining meat in liquid and spices after curing it in coarse salt. Although the spices used may vary according to the manufacturers, these are the spices commonly included in your corned beef spice packet.
What is inside a corned beef spice packet?
A corned beef spice packet usually comes with corned meat, particularly beef, and corned beef seasonings. You may not get a seasoning package in some brands but don’t worry you can easily make one at home with the help of a few ingredients.
The seasonings packet comprises the following spices:
The peppercorns’ earthy undertones add a wonderful taste variation to the meat. This spice imparts a peppery, woody, and piney flavor with a powerful aroma when combined with other flavorings such as crushed red chili flakes, coriander seeds, and mustard seeds. Its distinct flavors pair well with most of the savory dishes as well as some sweet dishes.
Yellow mustard seeds are the most common type in the seasonings packet. They have a mellow, robust, and somewhat bitter-sweet flavor which goes well with the other spices used in the seasoning. When cooked, this spice imparts a distinct flavor to the blend, providing a solid taste for meat.
Dill seeds complement mustard seeds and coriander seeds well. This spice features notes of anise seed and caraway, as well as a strong and bitter kick. The acidic undertones of dill seeds virtually cancel out the saltiness of corned meat. This helps to balance out the flavors of all the ingredients used.
Coriander seeds have a very nutty, earthy, and citrusy flavor with a floral aroma. Its mild flavors add a unique taste to your recipes without overpowering the other spices. Due to its mild flavors, it acts as yet another flavor stabilizer in this recipe. It also pairs very nicely with the other spices used in the packet and enhances the brininess of the meat.
Crushed red chili flakes
Crushed red chili flakes add just the right amount of spiciness and a fierce punch to this combination, which complements the flavor of peppercorns well. Apart from the intense spicy flavors, red chilies are also responsible for the reddish color of the blend. Out of all the other spices in the blend, it is the only one that gives color to the seasoning.
Crushed dried bay leaves give a highly calming scent as well as a cooling flavor to the spice blend. When coupled with red chili flakes, it intensifies the flavors and spiciness of the meat.
What to use for corned beef – ground spice or whole spice?
Whole seeds are a better choice for corned beef. Whole spices generally have deeper flavors and aromas in comparison to their ground counterparts. If you use ground spices, the flavor of your crockpot corned beef may be overpowered by the uncooked spice powders.
Whole seeds will bring out the perfect flavors without being overpowering. The sweet and spicy mixture of whole or crushed spices adds flavor to pickled foods and can endure the pickling process.
What does corned beef taste like?
Since corned beef is simply a salt-cured chunk of beef brined in a salt solution with pickling spices, its flavors are essentially a combination of all the spices used in its preparation.
The brining solution for corned beef consists of spices like peppercorn, mustard seeds, bay leaves, and coriander, so the dominant flavors of corned beef are bright peppery overtones. It has a strong umami flavor with a faint sweetness due to the fatty nature of the flesh.
For more details on the flavors and preparation of corned beef, please click the link here.
In this brief guide, we have answered the query, “What is a corned beef spice packet?”. We have also discussed the different spices used in a corned beef seasoning packet and the forms of spices used in it. Moreover, we have also described the taste of corned beef. | <urn:uuid:434cfd4b-10aa-4a9b-bf5a-d2ec7eec1a06> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://factsaboutfood.com/what-is-a-corned-beef-spice-packet/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.941713 | 994 | 1.71875 | 2 |
…Those who peddle class resentment can always find ready takers; otherwise politicians wouldn’t keep selling the same rug. But the demand for it is never as great as the demagogues imagine. Most Americans don’t hate the rich, or even the very rich, and they don’t despise the economic system that makes great wealth possible. “That all men are created equal†goes to the core of our national creed; its undeniable moral force led Americans to fight a horrific Civil War over slavery in the 19th century, and to embrace the legal and social upheaval of the Civil Rights movement in the 20th.
But what Americans honor is equality in the eyes of the law, political equality — not equality of income or material circumstances. The two kinds of equality are inherently in conflict, as every effort to impose egalitarianism eventually proves. “There is all the difference in the world between treating people equally and attempting to make them equal,†wrote Friedrich Hayek in 1948. The fact that some people make much more money than others has never convinced the American people that a fundamental overhaul of society is necessary or even desirable. For all the extravagant claims made last year about Occupy Wall Street’s significance, is anyone surprised that the movement has fizzled?
For months President Obama has been calling income inequality “the defining issue of our time,†but relatively few Americans agree. In a recent Gallup poll, only 2 percent of respondents identified the gap between rich and poor as their top economic concern. Even among the Democrats in Gallup’s survey, inequality didn’t show up as a major worry.
Armed with a bully pulpit and backed by a liberal media chorus, Obama may have good political reasons to keep hammering away at the wealth gap. No doubt he can mobilize some voters with his suspect claims about billionaires paying a 1 percent tax rate, or the charge that Republicans want “everybody left to fend for themselves and play by their own rules.â€
But most voters understand intuitively that in a free society, unequal productivity will generate unequal wealth. Incentives and rewards are powerful motivators of work and risk-taking; and the greater the potential rewards, the more an economy will achieve. A Bill Gates or Steve Jobs or Sam Walton is far more likely to flourish in a nation where people can become millionaires and billionaires — and to enrich all of us in the process of enriching themselves.
“In a democratic, capitalist society, gaps in income are inevitable,†write Peter Wehner and Robert Beschel Jr. in the current issue of National Affairs. “Yet it is worth noting that democratic capitalism has done far more to create wealth, advance human flourishing, and lift people out of destitution than any other economic and political system. . . A policy agenda that has as its top priority the elimination of income gaps. . . not only encourages resentment but also threatens the American economy — because a narrow focus on closing gaps tends to go along with reduced overall growth.â€
There is no fixed limit to the wealth a society can produce, and today’s “1 percent†produce an amazing amount of it. But their wealth takes nothing away from the other 99 percent. We are all free to rise as high as talent, education, and hard work will take us. Wealth is not theft. Productivity is not zero-sum. If economic disparity is a problem, then the way to solve it is by raising those who are stuck near the bottom, not tearing down those who have climbed to the top. | <urn:uuid:f4aca0c1-3550-4f83-ab4b-d1735fe4fcde> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://attackmachine.com/2012/05/09/thanks-obama-but-wealth-is-not-theft/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718866.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00004-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950627 | 775 | 2.125 | 2 |
Most patent search sites do a poor job of presenting plant patents. The University of Maryland has a site specifically for searching US plant patents with color pictures and classification searchers. Unfortunatetly it doesn't seem to have been updated in several years.
NC State has information on plant patents but most links are back to the USPTO.
Another non-comprehensive site is at the NYC library https://www.nypl.org/node/316959. Only goes to 2018.
At the University of Maryland site You can input terms like "rose" "red" and "nut" but a better way to search is by classification. The plant classes are listed in a hierarchical manner at the USPTO. You can contract and expand the subclasses. The top level is -
152 NUT (INCLUDING ORNAMENTAL VARIETY)
156 FRUIT (INCLUDING ORNAMENTAL VARIETY)
216 BROADLEAF TREE
226 SHRUB OR VINE
258 COMMERCIAL HERBACEOUS VEGETABLE OR HERB PLANT
263.1 HERBACEOUS ORNAMNENTAL FLOWERING PLANT (NICOTINIA, NASTURTIUM, ETC.)
373 HERBACEOUS ORNAMENTAL FOLIAGE PLANT
As an example PLT/106 is -
106 Salmon: This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Shrub
rose characterized by blossoms which are salmon (a color which is
reddish red-yellow, of medium saturation and high brilliance), as
typified by U.S. plant patent No. 7312.
It is under 102 which are shrubs under 150 which are roses. So 106 are salmon colored rose scrubs.
There are only 17 total patents in class 106. The most recent is PP33,152 Rosa plant named
RUIRI0091A issued in June 2021. | <urn:uuid:45f342df-8c20-4c21-ac4e-79a5f6762246> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://patents.stackexchange.com/questions/24710/tools-for-finding-plant-patents-faster-or-tips-for-using-google-patent-for-plant | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.908983 | 426 | 2.09375 | 2 |
First of all, if you don’t have mini algae eating crabs in your tropical tank, get some! They look really cool, offer some entertainment in their mannerisms and help to clean your tank. That’s an all-around crowd pleaser if you ask me!
So, if you have mini crabs or want some, here are some things you’ll want in your tank to help the little guys:
1 – Aquarium Salt – Just like humans need oxygen in the air, mini crabs need salt in their water. Definitely add aquarium salt to any tank with mini crabs if you want them to survive – you wouldn’t take the oxygen out of a room full of puppies, so help the little guys out and promote their homeostasis!
2 – Actinic Bulbs – The light from these bulbs promote healthy shell growth. Of course, a healthy shell means a protected crab, so help your crabs stay protected and provide this light source!
3 – A Proper Community – Some animals thrive while alone. This is not the case with mini crabs. They need some others in their own species to live healthily. Sometimes females will attack others, but in general, they will thrive with other crabs. Also, make sure that you have quickly-moving fish in the tank, as the mini crabs will easily snatch any slower fish. | <urn:uuid:985d6d60-742b-4ee1-b24f-c62357e77ba7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blog.azgardens.com/3-things-to-help-your-mini-crabs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00030-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92136 | 277 | 2.359375 | 2 |
One of the trickiest issues in prescribing linezolid for patients with MRSA or VRE infections is the potential for a drug-drug interaction, leading to serotonin syndrome (SS), with various serotonergic psychiatric medications. It seems that every pharmacy computer system in the world goes crazy with warnings when you attempt to write for this antibiotic while the patient is on these meds. The package insert for linezolid states that it is contraindicated to use linezolid in combination with SSRIs, tricyclic antidepressents, triptans, meperidine or buspirone “Unless patients are carefully observed for signs/or symptoms of serotonin syndrome…”
On October 20 the FDA updated information on this potential interaction. (http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm276251.htm). They are now saying that not all serotonergic psychiatric drugs have an equal capacity to cause SS. Most patients reported to the FDA with SS were taking SSRIs or serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI). They report that it is currently unknown whether co-administration of linezolid in patients taking other psychiatric drugs carries a comparable risk. SSRIs and SNRIs that have been implicated include the following drugs commonly seen in lower extremity practice; paroxetine (Paxil, Paxil CR), fluoxetine (Prozac), citalopram (Celexa), escitalopram (Lexapro), venlafaxine (Effexor) and duloxetine (Cymbalta). The FDA lists the risk as “unclear” in tricyclic antidepressants, MAO inhibitors and a number of other psychiatric drugs. The reader is directed to the above link for the full list.
What does all of this mean to the practicing provider? A review of the literature reveals a number of isolated case reports of SS in patients receiving linezolid. There are few large patient series reported. In 2006 Taylor et al from the Mayo Clinic reported on a retrospective review of 52 patients who received concomitant linezolid and SSRI therapy while 20 received therapy within 14 days of each other but not concomitantly ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16779744). They found only 2 patients (3%) had a “high probability of SS”. They concluded that “…if the clinical situation warrants use of linezolid in a patient receiving an SSRI, linezolid may be used concomitantly with SSRIs, without a 14-day washout perioed and with careful monitoring (my italics to show this is in line with the package insert) for signs and symptoms of SS.”
As with any antibiotic selection there is a risk-benefit ratio that should be weighed. In a patient who NEEDS linezolid, even if they are on a SSRI, they can still receive the drug, as long as they are monitored for signs of SS. What the new FDA information says is that not all of these psychiatric drugs are “created equal” and a blanket pharmacy warning should be carefully evaluated.
(Disclaimer: I am a consultant/speaker for Pfizer and have received honoraria) | <urn:uuid:714e43b7-05b2-48f7-8a6a-dd1213e2e5e9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.leinfections.com/antibiotics/new-fda-safety-communication-on-linezolid-and-psychiatric-medications/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00486-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9247 | 690 | 1.835938 | 2 |
The Effect of Palatal Brushing on Denture Stomatitis
Palatal brushing has several advantages including removal of debris and stimulation of blood flow and saliva, which may help to prevent or treat oral diseases, such as denture-related stomatitis in complete denture wearers.
However, there is no previous clinical trial testing this effect. Therefore, the investigators goal is to evaluate whether palatal brushing may change the severity of denture stomatitis and counts of microbes on denture and palatal mucosa.
After an initial exam and data collection, participants will receive instructions about palatal brushing and they will be assessed after 1 and 3 months. Collection of data will include patient-reported information, intraoral photographs and swabbing (for counting microbes).
- There is no difference in the extent of palatal inflammation in edentulous patients with denture stomatitis before and after 3 months of palatal brushing.
- There is no difference in the number of colony forming unit (CFU) of Candida isolated from palate and denture of patients affected by denture stomatitis before and after 3 months of palatal brushing.
|Study Design:||Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: Open Label
Primary Purpose: Treatment
|Official Title:||Phase-I Clinical Trial on the Effect of Palatal Brushing on Denture Stomatitis|
- Palatal Inflammation [ Time Frame: 3 months ]
Modified Newton classification 0: Healthy mucosa
1: Type IA, Petechiae in a normal palatal tissue, which are usually found around the orifices of the ducts of the palatal mucous glands 2: Type IB, Localized area of inflammation of the denture-bearing area 3: Type II, Generalised area of inflammation of the denture-bearing area 4: Type III, Hyperplasic palatal surface with inflammation of the denture-bearing area Inflammation area index 0: No inflammation
- Inflammation of the palate extending up to 25 % of the palatal denture-bearing tissue
- Inflammation of the palate extending between 25 % and 50 % of the palatal denture-bearing tissue
- Inflammation covering more than 50 % of the palatal denture-bearing tissue Inflammation severity index
0: Normal tissue
- Mild inflammation
- Moderate inflammation
- Severe inflammation Total score for inflammation = area + intensity (range 0 to 6)
- Candida Species Count [ Time Frame: 3 months ]Candida colony forming units (CFU), defined as the number of colonies formed on a 75 mm agar plate inoculated with collected samples obtained from A)plaque formed on denture surface and B)palatal mucosa.
|Study Start Date:||July 2012|
|Study Completion Date:||March 2013|
|Primary Completion Date:||March 2013 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)|
Experimental: Palatal brushing
Palatal brushing after each meal for 3 months.
Behavioral: Palatal brushing
Participants will be instructed to brush their palate with a manual soft-bristle brush after each meal and before sleeping for a period of 3 months. They will be asked to keep to their usual oral and denture hygiene routine during the trial to allow the isolation of the effect of palatal brushing.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01643876
|University of Sao Paulo - Ribeirão Preto Dental School|
|Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil|
|Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université de Montréal|
|Montréal, Quebec, Canada|
|Principal Investigator:||Elham Emami, DDS, PhD||Université de Montréal|
|Principal Investigator:||Raphael F de Souza, DDS, PhD||University of Sao Paulo| | <urn:uuid:c7569526-bfbe-4b43-94bc-cb5cee8f8ad1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01643876?recr=Open&cond=%22Candidiasis%2C+Oral%22&rank=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00245-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.844358 | 836 | 2.25 | 2 |
SPECIAL NEEDS TRUST PLANNING IS A MARATHON, NOT A SPRINT
by Karen H. Weber, Elder Law and Special Needs Lawyer
One of the greatest fears a parent has is that she might die without having identified a caregiver for a son or daughter with disabilities. While many parents find themselves touring college campuses when a child reaches age 18, the parents of children with special needs find themselves meeting with a lawyer to discuss the concepts of durable power of attorney documents versus court-ordered guardianship. In some cases, the 18-year-old with disabilities is able to sign his own estate planning and financial decision-making. In other cases, the 18-year-old with disabilities lacks the legal capacity to execute such documents and court-ordered guardianship and conservatorship may be necessary. Housing arrangements, employment training, and preparing for independence all take years of planning and must be coordinated with applying for government benefits. The special needs lawyer provides all these services because her focus is on the long-term health and well-being of the client and not just the immediate short-term issue.
For example, once a family establishes guardianship, special needs planning continues. The guardian will need assistance filing annual reports and accountings, and this can continue for years. Court authorization is also required if the person with disabilities transitions to certain types of care facilities.
The special needs lawyer is there to assist each step of the way. The special needs lawyer will also assist the family in determining whether the person qualifies for government benefits such as Supplemental Security Income (SSI), Social Security Disability Insurance, or Medicaid. Each of these government programs have their own set of rules and regulations, and the special needs lawyer is dedicated to staying abreast of the ever-changing landscape of these rules and regulations.
An adult with a disability may remain dependent upon his parents or other family members for housing and supervision. This type of family support often allows the person with disability to remain in the community rather than a facility. Families must consider how these support services will continue to be provided when they are no longer alive. If a parent dies without planning for the continuation of these services, the quality of life for the person with special needs is likely to be significantly affected. It is never too early or too late to start planning for long-term care of a person with special needs.
Parents can become familiar with programs and agencies that offer support and services to determine what private resources will be needed to supplement the services provided by government programs. With proper advice, the future care of the person with special needs can be integrated into the long-term estate plan of the family. One of the best tools available to meet the long-term care of a loved one with a disability is the special needs trust, also known as a supplemental needs trust.
A supplemental needs trust is a special kind of trust that holds assets for the benefit of a person with a disability so that the trust assets are not directly available to the trust beneficiary. Since the trust assets are not directly available to the beneficiary, governmental benefits such as SSI and Medicaid are preserved while the trust beneficiary has a source of funds available for services, recreation, and therapies that are “supplemental” to the basic support of food and shelter provided by governmental programs. Distributions from the supplemental needs trust can be created during life or at the death of the parent. With the use of a supplemental needs trust, parents do not need to disinherit a child with special needs and they can identify a successor caregiver for the long-run.
Karen H. Weber has been practicing law for over 25 years, and she has been a member of the National Academy of Elder Law Attorneys, Inc. (NEALA) since 1996. Her practice is devoted to estate planning (including will, trusts, powers of attorney, etc.), with an emphasis on elder law (including Medicaid qualification for assisted living and nursing home care) and special needs law (including guardianship and special needs trusts). Karen Weber can be contacted by calling 913-661-0550 or emailing at firstname.lastname@example.org.
Click Here to Download a Printable Version | <urn:uuid:58663c01-5756-4bbb-8d76-4da22135ee3c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.elderlawkc.com/special-needs-trust-planning-doc | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.960722 | 857 | 1.789063 | 2 |
Identifying the P wave is the key to decode any narrow QRS tachycardia . Though the the relationship to p and qrs is vita , many times it is not easy to relate them.More easily one may get a clue to the mechanism by analysing P wave timing .This is the basis of calling narrow qrs tachycardia as short RP and long RP.
Wonder . . . why the relation “P to R” became “R to P” here !
Since in the common narrow qrs tachycardias AVNRT/AVRT , atria activates the atria in a retrograde manner , we look for the relationship of qrs complex on subsequent P wave . Hence the interval between R to P become the focus.
In other words RP interval indicates retrograde conduction property of AV tissue .
If it is slow the P wave will be well separated from QRS .
If it is fast it will be close to QRS complex .
If it is ultra fast as in some AVNRT ,it can fall within the qrs complex and completely invisible .
(The so called r’ prime in classical AVNRT is nothing but a distorted p wave on the terminal qrs complex.)
Based on RP interval the following classification is used (List is incomplete)
Short RP Tachycardia
- AVNRT (Slow-Fast )
Long RP tachycardia
- Atypical AVNRT(Fast -slow)
- Atrial tachycardia*
- Sinus tachycardia*
- SA nodal re-entry*
- Some forms of AVRT
* Please note , here the P wave is not determined by the preceding qrs unlike other tachycardia in the list.
What is the cut off point to call it is Short RP /Long RP ?
It is arbitrary . Following may help
If RP interval > PR interval it is long RP.
If the absolute RP interval is > 100 ms with the heart rate of > 160 it would generally Indicate a long RP tachycardia .
The timing of retrograde P can be very complex than we believe as the following factors heavily influence it.
- The autonomic tone
- Site of retrograde atrial breakthrough point .
- Atrial size ,
- Atrial refractionaries
- Effect of drugs
- Intact-ness of inter atrial conduction
- Chances of the retrograde atrial activation capturing Internodal pathway
The P wave location in narrow qrs tachycardia is primarily determined by the retrograde VA conduction and less on the antegrade AV conduction . Looking at the interval between R and P is a quick way of getting the VA conduction in the bed side.
Once we get an idea how the VA circuit conducts , we can narrow down the possibilities in Narrow qrs tachycardias !
What determines the morphology of retrograde P waves in AVNRT/AVRT ? | <urn:uuid:97c18d01-8415-48d7-853e-14cfbea9b4a9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://drsvenkatesan.com/2012/07/06/determinants-of-p-wave-location-in-narrow-qrs-tachycardia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00429-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.875887 | 627 | 2.234375 | 2 |
To access your Internet Explorer web browsing history, open Internet Explorer, and click on the Favorites button. Then, click the History tab. This displays a list of your browsing history that can be sorted by date, site name, most frequently visited or most recently visited.Continue Reading
Double-click on the Internet Explorer icon. Alternatively, click the Start menu. Select All Programs to view a list of programs on your computer. Choose Internet Explorer from this list.
Click on the Favorites button to view a list of your favorite sites. Select the History option from the list of options. This displays your browsing history.
Depending on your needs, you can sort the browsing history in a number of ways. Click on the method that you want to use to sort your browsing history. Sorting by date allows you to view the past three weeks of browsing history in chronological order. Sorting by site allows you to view the list of sites from the past three weeks of browsing, but these sites are not sorted by date. Sorting by the most visited sites displays your browsing history from the past three weeks arranged from the most to least visited. Sorting by recently visited sites displays browsing history from the past three weeks arranged from the most to least recently visited. | <urn:uuid:cb4a7afc-6e9c-41d6-869c-91a05024459f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.reference.com/technology/access-internet-explorer-history-be64227020a81b2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00045-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.878719 | 253 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Here are some suggested organisations that offer expert advice on fostering.
Permenancy for Foster Children(7 Posts)
We have been hearing rumours that all foster carers are to be asked to consider going for Permenancy with the foster children they look after. We have also heard that there may be Special Guardianships offered to foster carers too. Does anyone know about this and what the implications are?
only from bitter experience!!!
Run for the hills girls if they ask...
very raw and angry buster x
Before you agree to anything "read up" on special guardianship and find out all of the small print. Basically SG is all based down to the discretion of the LA and is means tested, there is nothing set in stone and the LA can move the goal posts as they see fit.
It makes me "chuckle" when you say that SG is to be offered to foster carers (like they are doing FC's a huge favour!)
Follow this Foster Talk link on special guardianship and LA,s and make your own mind up.
Hi fosterangel I think this rumour has got a bit distorted. If you are talking about short term foster carers, then the child placed will be placed on a short term basis (although I accept that this can go on and on...) and in the meantime there will be assessments of the birth parents by various professionals and a care plan will be formulated, which in broad terms will be 1) that the child can be returned to the birth parents
2) If the child cannot be returned, will be placed with members of the extended family if at all possible
3) Dependent on the child's age (and if it is not safe for child to be returned home) the care plan will be to request a Care Order at the final hearing with a plan for permanent foster care IF suitable permanent foster carers are found.
4) If the child is under 5 the likelihood is that the request will be for a Placement Order, which means that the child can be placed for adoption IF suitable adoptors are found.
All of these matters are decided by the Judge at the final hearing. The professionals can only make recommendations and mostly these are followed by the Judge but not always. Sorry if I am telling you things you already know.
I think the rumour may be about children placed with permanent foster carers and the LA of course still retain parental responsibility and have to pay the foster carers as these allowances are mandatory. I certainly know that pressure is put on permanent foster carers to apply for an SGO as this means that PR passes from the LA to the holders of the SGO. It also means that any allowances only have to be paid for 2 years and these payments are discretionary so can be changed or stopped. Also it means that the LA can close the case and therefore make big savings.
Likewise kinship carers will be "encouraged" to make application for an SGO rather than foster care, for the same reasons.
The other route to permanency is by way of Residence Order and LAs like this even more than they like SGOs because the reports to court are quite brief and there are no regulations attached to this legislation, whereas there are Regs set out in respect of an SGO. SO my advice would be to say a definite NO to any mention of Residence Order.
I am not trying to say that applications for an SGO are wrong - in fact sometimes it provides the best outcome for the children, as their future is more secure than by fostering. I would urge anyone though to get as much info about SGOs as possible and to remember that they must make the application, because carers are led to believe that the LA make this application and this is not the case.
Childatheart says that this is "all down to the discretion of the LA, is means tested and the goal posts can be moved" and I do accept that this is how it can look to permanent foster carers in some situations. I think the link you give would be very interesing CatH but I can't get on the link (think it has to be in blue??)
I think the main thing is that if any permanent foster carers are asked to apply for an SGO they need to ensure they know exactly what the implications are and don't just take the sws word for it, as they often aren't sure themselves and give false reassurance to carers in this position.
If the child is placed on a short term basis and the plan is for permanent foster care, carers may be asked if they would be willing to keep the child on a permanent basis. IF the family are seriously considering this, it can have a very good outcome for the child, as clearly they will be staying in a familiar placement, and the carers will really want to keep the child in some situations. Again though the same applies, don't be talked into applying for a Residence Order or an SGO before you realise all the implications, especially financial ones. The only payment that is mandatory are fostering allowances, and the LA may argue that the child shouldn't be in the care of the LA for their entire childhood, which is right, but it also means that they can close the case, and you are left with disrectionary allowances
only and no support with issues like contact etc.
Hope this helps.
Buster completely understand your response. Any news on the meeting tonight?
If you highlight this link + right mouse click it and then click go to, it will open:
Many thanks to Nananina for explaining it all so clearly, especially about the involvement of the courts etc., and also to childatheart for the web link. This is a really good website for someone like me (loads of questions and curiosity!) and I shall enjoy mooching around it for information.
We are long term LA foster carers for teens and one of the SW assistants dropped it into conversation with us (and probably shouldn't have) that the child's SW was looking at the possiblility of permenancy. I am much reassured that it cannot be done without our knowledge and am not sure it is something (as fairly new foster carers still feeling our way) we really want. We feel that we would like to walk before we run, and we want to relax and enjoy our foster teens just the way things are, so will take Busterthedonk's advice if we are approached!! Better buy some trainers!!
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The Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) made significant and lasting contributions to nearly every aspect of human knowledge, from logic to biology to ethics and aesthetics. Though overshadowed in classical times by the work of his teacher Plato, from late antiquity through the Enlightenment, Aristotle’s surviving writings were incredibly influential. In Arabic philosophy, he was known simply as “The First Teacher”; in the West, he was “The Philosopher.”
Aristotle was born in 384 B.C. in Stagira in northern Greece. Both of his parents were members of traditional medical families, and his father, Nicomachus, served as court physician to King Amyntus III of Macedonia. His parents died while he was young, and he was likely raised at his family’s home in Stagira. At age 17 he was sent to Athens to enroll in Plato’s Academy. He spent 20 years as a student and teacher at the school, emerging with both a great respect and a good deal of criticism for his teacher’s theories. Plato’s own later writings, in which he softened some earlier positions, likely bear the mark of repeated discussions with his most gifted student.
When Plato died in 347, control of the Academy passed to his nephew Speusippus. Aristotle left Athens soon after, though it is not clear whether frustrations at the Academy or political difficulties due to his family’s Macedonian connections hastened his exit. He spent five years on the coast of Asia Minor as a guest of former students at Assos and Lesbos. It was here that he undertook his pioneering research into marine biology and married his wife Pythias, with whom he had his only daughter, also named Pythias.
In 342 Aristotle was summoned to Macedonia by King Philip II to tutor his son, the future Alexander the Great—a meeting of great historical figures that, in the words of one modern commentator, “made remarkably little impact on either of them.”
Aristotle and the Lyceum
Aristotle returned to Athens in 335 B.C. As an alien, he couldn’t own property so he rented space in the Lyceum, a former wrestling school outside the city. Like Plato’s Academy, the Lyceum attracted students from throughout the Greek world and developed a curriculum centered on its founder’s teachings. In accordance with Aristotle’s principle of surveying the writings of others as part of the philosophical process, the Lyceum assembled a collection of manuscripts that comprised one of the world’s first great libraries
It was at the Lyceum that Aristotle probably composed most of his approximately 200 works, of which only 31 survive. In style, his known works are dense and almost jumbled, suggesting that they were lecture notes for internal use at his school. The surviving works of Aristotle are grouped into four categories. The “Organon” is a set of writings that provide a logical toolkit for use in any philosophical or scientific investigation. Next come Aristotle’s theoretical works, most famously his treatises on animals, cosmology, the “Physics” (a basic inquiry about the nature of matter and change) and the “Metaphysics” (a quasi-theological investigation of existence itself).
Third are Aristotle’s so-called practical works, notably the “Nicomachean Ethics” and “Politics,” both deep investigations into the nature of human flourishing on the individual, familial and societal levels. Finally, his “Rhetoric” and “Poetics” examine the finished products of human productivity, including what makes for a convincing argument and how a well-wrought tragedy can instill cathartic fear and pity.
Aristotle’s Death and Legacy
After the death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C., anti-Macedonian sentiment again forced Aristotle to flee Athens. He died a little north of the city in 322, of a digestive complaint. He asked to be buried next to his wife, who had died some years before. In his last years he had a relationship with his slave Herpyllis, who bore him the son, Nicomachus, for whom his great ethical treatise is named.
Aristotle’s favored students took over the Lyceum, but within a few decades the school’s influence had faded in comparison to the rival Academy. For several generations Aristotle’s works were all but forgotten. The historian Strabo says they were stored for centuries in a moldy cellar in Asia Minor before their rediscovery in the first century B.C., though it is unlikely that these were the only copies.
In 30 B.C. Andronicus of Rhodes grouped and edited Aristotle’s remaining works in what became the basis for all later editions. After the fall of Rome, Aristotle was still read in Byzantium and became well-known in the Islamic world, where thinkers like Avicenna (970-1037), Averroes (1126-1204) and the Jewish scholar Maimonodes (1134-1204) revitalized Aritotle’s logical and scientific precepts.
Aristotle in the Middle Ages and Beyond
In the 13th century Aristotle was reintroduced to the West through the work of Albertus Magnus and especially Thomas Aquinas, whose brilliant synthesis of Aristotelian and Christian thought provided a bedrock for late medieval Catholic philosophy, theology and science.
Aristotle’s universal influence waned somewhat during the Renaissance and Reformation, as religious and scientific reformers questioned the way the Catholic Church had subsumed his precepts. Scientists like Galileo and Copernicus disproved his geocentric model of the solar system, while anatomists such as William Harvey dismantled many of his biological theories. However, even today Aristotle’s work remains a significant starting point for any argument in the fields of logic, aesthetics, political theory and ethics. | <urn:uuid:080e3569-06a7-4995-a7e8-d0a97901312d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/aristotle | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00212-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979479 | 1,248 | 4.0625 | 4 |
The Scottish national flu vaccination programme is now underway. Those eligible to receive the vaccine are being urged to act early and get protected ahead of winter.
The following groups are eligible for the flu vaccine:
- those aged 65 years of age and over;
- those over six months of age with a medical condition which puts them in an ‘at risk’ group such as asthma, diabetes, cystic fibrosis, multiple sclerosis, heart and lung diseases or autoimmune disorders;
- NHSScotland workers;
- unpaid carers;
- pregnant women (including those with ‘at risk’ conditions);
- children aged 2-11 years old. 2-5 year olds who are not yet in school will be vaccinated at their GP practice and 5-11 year olds will be vaccinated at school during the autumn term.
Figures show that on average, 1,918 people are hospitalised for flu or its complications each year in Scotland. The number of reported cases of flu more than doubled last winter and vaccination is recommended as the best defence against the virus.
Source: Scottish Government, 4 October 2018 | <urn:uuid:fc6fb2ae-c21d-4b27-a36f-55c9a4ea8f39> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hps.scot.nhs.uk/publications/hps-weekly-report/volume-52/issue-40/scottish-national-flu-vaccination-launches/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.967629 | 228 | 2.59375 | 3 |
SECTION II: HISTORY (cont.)
Part 27: England and the Tudors: Elizabeth I.
On the reign of Henry followed the reigns of his three children in succession, according to the order laid down in the statute of 1544. The marked historical feature of these reigns is that they are the time of strictly religious reformation. It was found that the middle system of Henry could not last, that the English Church and nation must throw in its lot with one side or the other in the great controversy of the age. Under Edward the religious reformation was wrought. Under Mary, first the work of Edward, and then the work of Henry, was undone, and the authority of the Roman see was again admitted. Under Elizabeth the work both of Henry and of Edward was done again. Her reign, four times the length of the two reigns of her brother and sister, is the time when the religious position of England took its final form. The national Church was organized in its essential features as it still remains. And, before the end of her reign, the two parties, those who thought change had gone too far and those who thought that it had not gone far enough, had ceased to be mere parties within the same body. They had become distinct bodies of separatists on either side of the national Church. The reign of Elizabeth saw the beginnings of the Roman catholic body on the one side and of the Protestant dissenters on the other. As yet both dissentient bodies existed only as objects of persecution. A main feature of the later religious history of England has been the steps by which, first the Protestant dissenters, and then the Roman Catholics have been admitted to full equality with the members of the national Church.
The political history of these reigns, domestic and foreign, is of high importance, but it depends in a large measure on the religious history. It was mainly owing to religious causes that the enmity towards France, so strong in earlier times, so strong again in later times, was during this period exchanged for a temporary enmity towards Spain. And during the reign of Elizabeth we see the beginnings of that alliance between certain religious parties and certain political parties which forms the leading feature of the history of the seventeenth century. In truth, it was during this time that organized parties, either religious or political had their beginning. In a certain sense there have been Whigs and Tories from the beginning. We can see the existence of different political opinions, of different theories as to the relation of the crown and people, in days before the Norman Conquest; and in every civil war, in the wars of the thirteenth century above all, distinct political parties stand forth and meet one another in arms. But it can hardly be said that such parties lasted beyond the immediate occasion, or that the party of one age was connected by direct succession with the party of an earlier age. But from the days of Elizabeth the political and religious parties of later times can be distinctly traced. From her time they have an unbroken succession; from her time they have the special characteristic of being parliamentary parties.
The six years reign of the young son of Henry VIII. might almost be called a revolutionary period throughout. Its beginning marks a stage in the history of kingship in England. Edward Vi., succeeding by the express terms of an act of parliament, was the first king at whose accession the last traces of the ancient popular election were dispensed with. He was a minor and his authority was struggled for by a knot of ambitious men, all of whom had risen into importance during the late reign. The kings uncle, Edward earl of Hertford, named by Henry as one member of a council of regency, contrived to make himself duke of Somerset and sole protector. Finding a rival in his younger brother Thomas, he, Cromwell-fashion, procured his attainder without a hearing. In 1549 he himself fell before the arts of John Dudley, earl of Warwick and duke of Northumberland, the son of the notorious agent of Henry VII., the father of the notorious favourite of Elizabeth. Somerset was partly restored to favour in 1550; but in 1551 came his trial and execution, strange to say on a charge of felony, though a political felony, and not of treason. The remaining two years of the reign of Edward are the reign of Northumberland. His last act was to persuade the young king to do without parliamentary authority what his father had done by parliamentary authority, and to settle the succession to the crown by will. By this illegal instrument he disinherited both his sisters, and named Jane Grey as his successor. As a granddaughter of the French queen Mary, Jane was in the line named by Henry in case of the failure of his own children; but her immediate promotion was due to her being the wife of a son of Northumberland. Jane, proclaimed by the council, was rejected by the nation, and Mary, whose parliamentary title was undoubted, was raised to the throne by a popular movement. Northumberland of course paid his forfeit with his head; but the execution of Jane herself, not at the time, but after a later revolt in which she had no share, was an act of needless harshness.
England under Edward altogether fell form the great European position which she had held under Henry. The chief foreign events of the time are the war with Scotland, the useless and barbarous havoc done by the protector, and the peace both with Scotland and with France by which Boulogne was restored. But the real character of the reign is marked by its ecclesiastical changes, changes which are largely mixed up with a social revolution which was now going on. The strictly religious changes began with the promulgation of a Book of Homilies in the first year of Edward. It marks the state of things at the time that one of these homilies, which are still to this day set forth by authority to be read in churches, was the work of Edmund Bonner. The homilies were followed in 1548 by a form for the administration of the communion in English, an in 1549 by the publication of the complete English Prayer-Book and an act allowing the marriage of the clergy. This first Prayer-Book of Edward marks the first stage of the religious Reformation. It is a purely English stage; the influence of Rome has been cast aside; the influence of continental Protestantism has not yet come in. But some of the foreign Reformers were before long invited to England, and their presence soon made itself felt. In 1552 the Prayer-Book was revised in a more distinctly Protestant direction. Before this, in 1551, a Book of Articles of Religion, forty-two in number, were put forth. The Prayer-Book and the Book of Articles represent two sides of the Reformed English Church. The Prayer-Book, chiefly formed out of ancient service-books, remained, even after the changes of 1552, a link with the older state of things. The Articles, even after some changes in the time of Elizabeth, form a manifesto on behalf of the new state of things and a link with the Reformed Churches in other lands. The Prayer-Book and the Articles have ever since been severally the watchwords of two parties within the Church. It is not too much to say that there has ever since been a party which has loved the Prayer-Book and endured the Articles, and a party which has loved the Articles and endured the Prayer-Book. By the end of Edwards reign, the English Church stood by itself, retaining the old fabric of ecclesiastical government, with a service-book chiefly drawn from ancient sources, but with a system of doctrine breathing the spirit of the more thorough-going Reformers of the continent. Had Edward lived, further changes would probably have followed. As it was the reaction under Mary opened the way for the final settlement under Elizabeth.
The position of the prelates who clave to the old system during Edwards reign should be carefully noticed. They neither resigned their sees nor refused obedience to the new law. It does not appear that any bishop declined the use of the first Prayer-Book. Gardiner and Bonner were imprisoned and deprived of their sees on various pretences, as were several bishops later in the reign for refusal to comply with various orders, some of which certainly had no parliamentary authority. A large body of the prelates and others were dissatisfied with the changes that were made; but there was not only no separation, there was no disobedience to the law. More than one bishop who appears as a persecutor in Marys reign had gone considerable lengths under Edward. And, as there was little non-conformity, there was little persecution in this reign. The Lady Mary, protected by the emperor, continued the private use of the old service. The heresy statutes were abolished; yet Cranmer found names, under cover of the common law, to send to the flames one Englishwoman and one stranger who ventured to go further in the way of novelty than himself.
But, besides ecclesiastical reform, this reign was beyond all other times the time of ecclesiastical spoliation. It was even more distinctly so than the reign of Henry. The suppression of the monasteries, the destruction of the shrines, were at least acts of policy. But in Edwards reign the possessions of the Church were simply thrown to be scrambled for by the courtiers. One of the first acts of the reign, the suppression of those colleges, chantries, and the like, which Henry had spared, was at least done in legal form. But, during the rest of Edwards time, Somerset, Northumberland, and the rest simply seized on whatever they thought good. The nearest approached top legal form in such cases was the show of an exchange by which a valuable estate was exchanged for a paltry rectory. And, as far as the courtier were concerned, everything went to enrich private men. The one act in which the public good was at all thought of came from the king himself. Edward, of his own act, applied a part of the revenues of the suppressed colleges and chantries to the foundation of that great system of grammar schools which still bear his name.
The legislation of this reign presents some good points. Many of the newly created treasons of the late reign were abolished, and two witnesses were made necessary on trials for that crime. The act which gave the kings proclamation the force of a statute was repealed. On the other hand, there was the severe Statute of Labourers. This reign too was marked, like those of Richard II. and Henry VI by popular revolts. One grievance was the throwing land out of tillage and taking it into pasture. This was laid specially to the charge of the grantees of the monastic lands, who were found to be in most respects harder landlords than the monks had been. Risings of the lower people took place, both in the eastern counties where the Reformed doctrines were popular, and in the West where the religious changes were disliked. The western insurrection broke our on the first use of the new Prayer-Book. The insurgents demanded the continuance of the old service and a partial restoration of the monasteries. This last demand perhaps points to the state of feeling into which the various currents for and against the monastic orders had at last settled down. The popular belief clearly was that, in the former state of things, there had been more monasteries than enough but that the country had not gained by sweeping them away altogether. It was eminently characteristic of the time that this revolt of Englishmen was put down by the help of German and Italian mercenaries.
The reign of Edward was followed by another reign, yet shorter than his, own, but not less memorable. The nine days wonder of Janes reign was followed by the five years of Mary. It is singular that, though the crown of England had so often passed to claimants whose descent was wholly in the female line, yet England had never before seen a crowned queen. The empress Matilda was never crowned, and she bore no higher title than lady. The novelty gave rise to some cavil, and it was found needful at a later stage of Marys reign for Parliament to declare that a queen of England possessed all the rights and powers of a king. This first female reign was the time which finally settled the religious position of England. There can be little doubt that throughout Edwards reign the mass of the people were still attached to the system of Henry, that they did not wish for the religious changes of Edwards reign, but that they had not the slightest wish to bring back the spiritual dominion of Rome. They were of Mary taught them that the middle system would not work, that one side or the other must be taken, that the mass could not be had without the pope. Furthermore, men learned to connect both mass and pope with a political alliance which they hated, and with a persecution different both in kind and in degree from anything which England had before seen. As for Mary herself, it is as impossible to deny her many personal virtues as it is to deny her share in a persecution which, whoever may have been its advisers, she at least did nothing to stop. But her personal position had much to do with the course of events, religious and political. She was the only person in the realm who was bound, not only to the ancient faith and ritual, but also to the supremacy of Rome. The supremacy of Rome was inseparably connected with the validity of her mothers marriage and the legitimacy of her own birth. As it was, she was simply queen by act of parliament. She naturally wished to be queen as the legitimate daughter of her father. And, if she was bound to Rome, she was no less bound to Spain. The emperor had been her firm and her only friend, whose influence had secured her life and her freedom of worship. Anther sovereign might have restored the ancient worship with the assent of the greater part of the nation; but, with Mary as queen, the restoration of the ancient worship meant spiritual submission to Rome and political subserviency to Spain; and in this the nation was not prepared to follow her.
The ecclesiastical changes of Marys reign began at the beginning. She caused the old services to be used on several occasions before their restoration by law, and by virtue of the ecclesiastical supremacy which she inherited from Henry and Edward, she caused the bishops who had been deprived during the late reign to be restored to their sees. Foremost among these was Stephen Gardiner, bishop of Winchester, who became the queens chancellor and chief adviser. There seems reason to think that his share in the persecution has been greatly exaggerated. It is certain that his conduct in secular matters was that of a patriotic, and even a constitutional, statesman. A parliament shortly met, which declared the validity of the marriage of Henry and Katherine and the legitimacy of their daughters birth. The ancient worship was restored, and some special enactments of the two late reigns were repealed; but the ecclesiastical power of the crown was in no way touched , and nothing was said of the restoration of the papal authority. The middle system of Henry was thus restored, but only for a moment. The next great question was that of the queens marriage. Gardiner and her English advisers favoured her marriage with Edward Courtenay, earl of Devonshire, whose parents had been among the victims of Henry, and who was descended from one of the daughters of Edward IV. But Marys fixed purpose from the beginning was to marry her Spanish kinsman Philip. Sir Thomas Wyatt and the duke of Suffolk, father of the imprisoned Jane, took arms to hinder the marriage; but their enterprise led only to their deaths and to those of Jane and her husband. More interesting in the history of our institutions is the fact, almost unparallel in these times, that one of the accused persons, Sir Nicholas Throckmorton, was acquitted by the jury that tried him. His life was saved; but he remained for a while in prison, and the jurors, according to a custom which was not left off till more than a century later were fined. In the next year, 1554, the queens marriage with Philip, already king of Naples, took place. This first husband of a reigning queen was made king of England and of Marys other kingdoms for her life. In the next year, by the abdication of Charles V., Philip succeeded to the Spanish, Italian, and Burgundian possessions of his father. The difference between the position of Philip and that of Charles is to be noticed. Charles V. was emperor; alliance with an emperor was simply the continuation of a policy older than the Norman Conquest. But Philip was not emperor; his policy was not imperial but Spanish. The marriage made England for a moment, in an European point of view, a mere tool of Spain. At home it no doubt strengthened the movement for complete reconciliation with Rome, and for the persecution of those who, after being dominant in the last reign, were deemed heretics in this.
In the year of Marys marriage Reginald Pole, now cardinal, came back to England as legate, and the Lords and Commons of England knelt to receive his absolution for the national schism. He confirmed by papal authority various acts done during the time of the separation, and it does not appear that the ordinations of bishops and priests which had been made during Edwards reign were ever called in question. And, to quiet a doubt which made many minds uneasy, the actual owners of church lands were confirmed in their possession. An act of parliament followed, by which the papal authority was restored as it has stood before the changes of Henry. Gardiner and Bonner, the strenuous opponents of the pope in Henrys days, and Thirlby, who had gone a long way with the changes under Edward, were now bishops of a Church in full communion with Rome. That is doubtless, they had seen that, at all events with a Spanish king consort, the middle system could not be kept, and that those who clave to the mass must accept the pope with it. From this time we have two distinct religions parties, the party of the pope and the party of the pope and the party of the Reformation. These last were now deemed heretics, and the old heresy laws were revived for their destruction. In 1555 the persecution began, and it lasted till the end of Marys reign. It differed from the two-edged persecution of Henrys reign in two points. Henrys victims of either faith were comparatively few, and they were mostly persons of some importance. In the three years of the persecution of Mary, more victims were burned than in all the reigns before and after put together. And it was a persecution which, as far as the laity were concerned, fell mainly on victims whom Henry would have scorned to destroy, on the poor, the halt, and the blind. No layman of any distinction suffered; but on the Reformed clergy the hand of the destroyed fell heavily. Five bishops perished. Of these were Ridley and Larimertrue martyrs on one side, as More and Fisher on the otherHooper, the professor of a straiter sect of Protestantism, and the less famous Farrar of St Davids. The primate followed the next year. He had been lawfully condemned to death for his treason in the usurpation of Jane; and his execution under that sentence, though it would have been a harsh measure, would have been a small matter compared with many an execution of the days of Henry. He was spread, probably in mercy; but he was spared only to bring on Mary and her government the deeper infamy of burning one who had recanted his heresies. The persecution was throughout more the work of the councilby whom Bonner was blamed for slacknessthan of the bishops. No one was more zealous for slaughter than William Paulet, marquess of Winchester, one of the new men who conformed to every change, and who died in honour under Elizabeth. After the burning of Cranmer, and not till then, though the see had been for some while vacant by his deprivation, Pole succeeded to the see of Canterbury, the last archbishop in communion with Rome.
The last days of Mary showed the impolicy of the Spanish match. Strange to say, one of the first acts of Philip, so pre-eminently the Catholic king, was a war with the pope, Paul IV., in his temporal character. Henry of France broke his truce with Spain, and encouraged English traitors to attempt the betrayal of Calais, and to make an actual landing in England. Mary declared war in 1557, and English troops shared in the victory of St Quintin. But at the beginning of the next year, the last of Marys reign, the French took Calais , and England ceased to be a continental power. She has won back that character in later times by the momentary possession of Dunkirk and the more lasting possession of Gibraltar; but the last relic of the conquests of Edward III. now passed away, as the last relics of the inheritance of Eleanor had passed away 105 years before. For a few months Mary bore up against sickness and neglect, against sorrow and national discontent. On November 17, 1558, she died, and the cardinal followed her, having been for a few hours the subject of Elizabeth.
This last fact brings us to the great reign which ends the period with which we are now dealing. Under Elizabeth that which was wanting to complete the character of England and of Englishmen was added. The religious character had no small share in fixing its political position at home and abroad. The national Church retained s much of the middle system of Henry as to hold in some sort a middle place between Rome and the Protestant Churches of the continent. But this middle position at no time extended to more than strictly religious points of doctrine discipline, and ceremony. As a nation, as a power, England has been essentially Protestant from the time of Elizabeth. But the fact of the middle position of the English Church led to the formation of religious bodies at home which parted off from it in opposite directions. And from Elizabeths day onwards the party of further religious reform has also been the party of political freedom. The Puritan party, it must be remembered, had no more notion of toleration than any other party of those days. Its object, like that of every other party, was not the mere toleration, but the exclusive establishment, of its own system/ But, on the one hand, every change, every debate, helped to bring about religious toleration in the end. And, as the Puritan movement was largely a movement against arbitrary authority, it was necessarily a movement in favour of freedom. But in England a movement in favour of freedom did not mean the establishment of anything new, but the restoration of what was old. It meant the carrying out of existing laws which Tudor despotism had trampled under foot. In any new legislation that might be needed, it meant the falling back on the old constitutional principles which had been always acknowledged, if not always carried out in practice, from Edward I. to Henry VI. Politically the struggle of the seventeenth century, which had its root in the controversies of the sixteenth, was the repetition of the struggle of the thirteenth. Even in the religious element in both cases there is a likeness. Earl Simon and his friends did not swerve from the received orthodoxy of their day; for the time for strictly religious controversy had not yet come, But they were more the less the Puritans of their own day. A revived spirit of independence marks the parliaments of Elizabeth, and marks them in proportion as the Puritan element grows stronger. Elizabeth loved arbitrary power as well as any sovereign that ever reigned; but she knew that one condition of holding any power was to know how to yield, and, when she yielded, she yielded gracefully.
Whatever may have been Elizabeths personal religious convictions, there can be little doubt that the middle system of Henry was that to which she was herself inclined. But she found that its complete restoration was impossible. If it had ever been possible, it was impossible now, after the reconciliation with Rome and the persecution. Her reform was therefore obliged to be, not a return to the system of her father, but a return, with some modifications, to the system of her brother. The second service-book of his reign was taken as the standard; but some changes were made, the first of several successive changes, all of which have been in the direction of a return to the first book. It was Elizabeths policy to make her new system as little offensive as might be to those who still preferred the old state of things. She refused the title of Head of the Church which was offered to her by parliament, and which had been borne by Henry, by Edward, and by Mary up to the reconciliation with Rome. She caused some passages in the prayer-book, which were specially offensive to the papal party, to be left out. The forty-two articles of Edward were not enforced in the earlier years of her reign, and when they were enforced, they were cut down to thirty-nine. One favourite doctrine of the Reformers, the lawfulness of marriage in the clergy, Elizabeth could never be brought to sanction by any legal enactment. The practice was simply winked at during the whole of her reign, and was not legalized till the reign of her successor. On the other hand, the anti-papal legislation of Henry was restored in its substance; but the refusal of the oaths, which under Henry had carried with it the pains of treason, in Elizabeths first legislation carried with it only loss of office. But we are met at the very beginning with the fact that the changes under Elizabeth, less violent in every way than the changes of Henry and Edward, met with a much more decided opposition from the bishops than the changes of Edward and Henry had met with. Prelates who had gone all lengths with Henry, who had gone a considerable way with Edward, refused the oath of supremacy under Elizabeth. One only of the existing bishops conformed, Kitchen of Llandaff, who had kept his see through all changes. The reason doubtless was that the rest had seen the hopelessness of the middle system, that they had chosen their side with the papacy, and that they could not either in conscience or in decency change again. The mass of the clergy conformed; s did the great body of the laity, including some of the lords who had voted in parliament against all Elizabeths changes. In the early years of Elizabeth, though there were two discontented parties in opposite directions, and though some still practised the old rites in secret, there was no open separation either way science of any one, but that the English service was established by law, and that the law must be obeyed. And there doubtless were still many who were ready to conform without approving, just as they were ready to obey the law on any other subject, even though they might wish the law on any other subject, even though they might wish the law to be altered. It has even been said that, when Pope Pius IV. made overtures to the queen, he offered to admit the use of the English service-book on condition of his supremacy being acknowledged.1 Such a compromise would have put the English Church in the same position as the bodies known in the East as United Greeks the United Armenians, who admit the papal authority, but keep their own national usages. But the pontiffs before and after Pius, Paul IV. and Pius V., death with Elizabeth in another fashion. In their eyes, and in the eyes of all the extreme supporters of papal claims, she was not only schismatic and heretic, but an usurper of the English crown.
On this last point much of the history of his reign turns, both domestic and foreign. According to English law, nothing could be better than Elizabeths parliamentary title, a title quite independent of the canonical legitimacy of her birth. But, according to the papal theory , she was illegitimate, and, according to the hereditary theory, her illegitimacy excluded her from the crown. On this showing, the lawful queen was Mary of Scotland, who, at the beginning of Elizabeths reign, was the wife of the dauphin, soon afterwards Francis II., king of France. Francis and Mary took the titles of king and queen of England and Ireland; and Mary, whether at the court of France, on the throne of Scotland, or in her prison in England, was the centre of all the hopes and all the conspiracies of the Roman party. This is not the place to go through her story, closely connected as it is throughout with English history. As regards the succession, it is clear that, by the will of Henry VIII., the claim of the house of Suffolk was undoubted. But it was a king of claim which needed a claimant of position and ability, like Richard of York in former times, to assert it. The house of Suffolk, on the other hand, was under a cloud, through a series of low or doubtful marriages. Their claim therefore passed out of notice. The queen obstinately refused to name any successor, or to allow any successor to be named; and all claims might be looked on as set aside by an act which made it treasonable to maintain any one to be the lawful successor except the queens own issue. In this state of things, mens minds naturally turned to the Scottish line, which had at least hereditary descent in its favour. After the death of Mary the religious objection no longer applied, and James, her Protestant son, succeeded on Elizabeths death, without the slightest opposition from any party. The house of Stewart however came in without any shadow of parliamentary title, and directly in the teeth of the parliamentary title of the house of Suffolk, if the will of Henry VIII. is to be looked on as valid and unrepealed.
The quiet of the first eleven years of Elizabeths reign was broken in 1569 by a rising in the North in favour of the old religion. This was not a mere popular movement, like the western and eastern revolts of Edwards reign. Its leaders were the greatest nobles of northern England, the earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland. It was, in short, the Pilgrimage of Grace over again. The insurrection was put down with a good deal of bloodshed, but not till mass had been again sung in Durham abbey. In the next year, 1570, the bull of excommunication and deposition pronounced by Pius V. changed all Elizabeths relations at home and abroad. From this time the English Roman Catholics, from party dissatisfied with change, become a distinct and a persecuted religious body. In the next year the Puritan movement for further change in the church took a more definite shape in the motions of Strickland in the House of Commons. About the same time the first separate Puritan congregations began to be formed. From this time the queen and her ecclesiastical system had to struggle with enemies on both sides, and to deal out persecution in different measures against both. A terrible engine for this purpose was the special creation of the reign of Elizabeth, the Court of High Commission. The queen as Supreme Governor of the Church appointed commissioners, clerical and lay, to exercise the somewhat undefined powers of her office. Alongside of the Star-Chamber a kindred power arose, to bring mens souls and bodies into submission. And meanwhile a few men who ventured on specially daring speculations, and whose tenets were condemned alike by Roman, Anglican, and Puritan orthodoxy, were still sent to the flames. The Roman martyrs were many; but in their case religious and political disputes were hopelessly mixed up. Conspirators against the queens life or crown could not be allowed to escape on any pretence of religious duty. On the other hand, acts of simple religious worship were made criminal, though liable to the fate of treason and not of heresy. Plots of all kinds went on till the execution of Mary Stewart in 1587. After that time there was less material for plots; but the persecution went on on both sides. But by this time the foreign relations of the kingdom had become even more important than the condition of things at home.
At the death of Mary Tudor, England was at war with France and in close alliance with Spain. This state of things lasted during the early part of Elizabeths reign. She helped the French Protestants; but she concluded peace in 1564. During the rest of her reign the old enmity towards France died out. Elizabeth was at one time almost ready to accept a Catholic husband; at another time she again encouraged the French Protestants. But the accession of Henry of Navarre made France and England friends. Henry and Elizabeth had a common enemy. As enmity against France died out, so friendship for Spain died out also. Philip, Elizabeths first suitor, gradually changed into her most dangerous enemy, the assertor of the claims of Mary, and, after her death, her would be avenger, and moreover the assertor of the claims of his own daughter as a remote descendant of John of Gaunt. The Armada, the dealings of England with the insurgents in the Netherlands, the expedition to Cadiz, are all events which stand out on the surface of English history. England new stood out as the great Protestant power of Europe, the maintainer of the Protestant cause everywhere. In short, the reign of Elizabeth finally gave to England and Englishmen their special religious character, as earlier times had given them their special political character. That special political character, overshadowed for a while by Tudor despotism, showed itself again towards the end of her reign. The England of the seventeenth century, free and Protestant, was now fully formed. The course of the century of which Elizabeth only saw the opening was to win back the freedom of England, to confirm the national Protestantism, and to take the first steps towards that religious toleration on both sides of which the age of Elizabeth had not deemed.
But another feature in the character of England was added in the reign of Elizabeth. If England now took up a new and definite position as an European power, the first steps were also taken towards making her more than an European power. In the days of Edward and Mary English commerce and maritime enterprise had a new range opened to them by the beginning of intercourse with Russia. That nation, great in earlier days on the Euxine, was now shut out from all southern and western outlets, and access to her one haven of Archangel could be had only by the Frozen Ocean and the White Sea. Under Elizabeth maritime enterprise, commercial and warlike, took a far wider range. American colonization did not as yet begin; Indian dominion was yet more distant; but it was in these times that the first steps were taken towards both. The seamen of England now broke into the preserved maritime empire of Spain, and gave the land which was to give birth to Washington a name in honour of their own virgin queen. The merchants of England, chartered as usual as a company, now first made their way to the great Indian continents, to behold, under the rule of Akbar, that religions toleration which Elizabeth denied to Catholic and Puritan. It is hard for us to conceive the effect which was made on mens minds by a change which was practically an enlargement of the bounds of the physical world. If it is absurd to set up the great seamen of Elizabeths day, Drake and Gilbert and Cavendish and Raleigh, as though they were faultless heroes, it is equally unfair to decry them as mere pirates. They were the natural creation of a new state of things. It was not theoretically justifiable, but it was in no way wonderful, if men of all nations deemed that, in new and barbarous lands and seas, they were set free from the obligations of public law which bound them in their European homes. But one stain, deeper and more lasting, dates from Elizabeths days. At home personal slavery had long been forgotten, and the last traces of villainage can now be discerned only by the most prying eyes. The distant enterprises of England now brought back in a new shape the shame of our earliest days. The Kidnapping and selling of negroes now became a chef branch of English commerce. And it must not be forgotten that, till the humane decisions of the last century, the negro, like the British captive or the English criminal of ancient times, was as much a slave on the soil of England as he was on the soil of America.
The completed national character of England dates from the days of the Tudors, and mainly from the reign of Elizabeth. From this time, in dealing with the actors in English history, we seem, more thoroughly than in any earlier time, to be dealing with men who are in all things our own fellows. One main cause of this is that the language of the sixteenth century is the earliest form of English which an ordinary modern reader can understand without an effort. The handwriting of the sixteenth century is harder to read than the handwriting of any age before or since. But the language itself, when taken out of its uncouth clothing, is in the main intelligible, even to those who have not made language a special study. The philologer sees that the language of the nineteenth century is that same, by unbroken personal unity, as the language of the fifth century. He sees that the changes which distinguish the language of the nineteenth century form the language of the fifth century were fully accomplished by the fourteenth. But all this is for the philologer. The ordinary reader, who reads merely for the matter or the style of his book, cannot understand the language of the fifth century at all; he can understand the language of the fourteenth century only with an effort. But the language of the sixteenth century is clear to every one who reads with decent attention. It is near enough removed from the speech of our own times to have an archaic flavour, venerable or quaint, according to the matter in hand and its treatment. The literature of the sixteenth century gives us the earlier English writings in prose and verse which we read simply as literature. Spenser and Shakespeare, Hooker and Raleigh, stand to us in a different relation from Caedmon, or even from Chaucer. And, great than all, the sixteenth century has given us, in our national prayer-book, in our national translation of the Bible,1 models of the English tongue which, as long as they survive, will
survive to rebuke its corrupters. For them we have to thank the reigns of Henry and of Edward. Henry first gave his people the Scriptures in their own tongue, and his restriction. From that day to this, the English Bible has been the only literary, as well as the only religious, food or millions of Englishmen. The Puritan lived in the English Bible. That two great works of sixteenth century English have been familiar to us ever since, while no earlier writing has been commonly known in the like sort, is doubtless one great reason why the English of the sixteenth century is the earliest English which is commonly intelligible. But this is not the only reason. The reign of Elizabeth is in itself the most marked epoch in English literature. The stirring of mens minds which led to the great political and religious events of the age led also to the sudden burst of a whole literature in verse and prose. In the sixteenth century the English drama began, modern English theology began, the writing of history in the modern sense and in the English tongue began. And with the beginning of a school of new writers came a time of more diligent care towards our ancient writers. The fanatic religionists and greedy spoilers of Henry and Edwards days had destroyed ancient records and chronicles by wholesale. The hand of Elizabeths first primate, the renowned Matthew Parker, was stretched out to save instead of to destroy, to publish instead of to tear in pieces. To his pious care more than to that of any other man, we owe it that the ancient history of England can be read and written.
And, as it was with language, so it was with everything else which goes to make up the national life. Its modern form is now completed. We fell that the men of Elizabeths day, her statesmen, her warriors, her poets, and her divines, are men who come near to ourselves in a way which the men of earlier times cannot do. A gap of more than a generation, of more than two generations, seems to part Wolsey from Burghley. The main features of English social life had really been fixed in the fifteenth century; they do not thoroughly come home to us till the sixteenth. We see this in its outward form in the houses of Elizabeths reign. They are the earliest houses, great or small, in which a modern Englishman of any class can live with any degree of modern comfort. In point of style, they have fallen away from the models of the early part of the century. The architecture of this age is primarily domestic. For ecclesiastical art there was little room in a time when more churches were pulled down than were built. Repairs were commonly done in a tough and clumsy fashion. Still there are a few ecclesiastical buildings, ranging from Edward VI. to James I., such as the tower of Probus in Cornwall and the choir of Wadham College chapel, in which the older style is still faithfully carried on. The revived Italian style was brought in by Protector Somerset; but, as applied to whole buildings, the fashion did not take; the details became a strange mixture of corrupt English and corrupt Italian; but the outlines are purely English. The Elizabethan houses, with their endless shifting of gables, are often actually more picturesque in outline than the houses of the beginning of the century. They are more distinctly houses; the features handed down by tradition from the castle no longer linger, even as survivals. And they are of all sizes, palaces, manor-houses, burgher dwellings in towns, solitary farm-houses, cottages in the village street. And they are of all materials, stone, brick, or timber, according to the district. They are the houses of an age when law was fully established, and when the different ranks of society, though the distinctions between them were far more sharply drawn, were essentially the same as they are now.
The objects of the bounty of founders were now necessarily changed; but their bounty was by no means worn out. Mary restored several monasteries, which were again suppressed by Elizabeth. Mary also restored a great part of the alienated bishops lands. The plunder of the bishops also went on all through Elizabeths reign, and Burghley, Hatton, and Raleigh, and other statesmen and courtiers, made themselves great fortunes at the expense of the Church. But all was not spoliation in this age. Mary and Elizabeth restored some of the collegiate churches which had been suppressed under Edward; the foundation of colleges in the universities went on under both sisters; and this was a special time for the erection of schools and hospitals. Even Leicester has left a memorial of this kind behind him. And it may pass for a kind of charitable foundation on the part of the nation itself, when by a statute of Elizabeth a public provision was first made for the relief of the poor.
England and the English people are thus thoroughly formed in the shaped which they have kept to this day. Their political constitution has lived through its time of trial, ready to come forth again in its full strength. The religious character of England is fixed; her European position is fixed also. She has become wholly insular, ready to play in European politics the special part of an insular power. At home Wales is incorporated; Ireland, now a kingdom, is brought more nearly than ever under the rule of its queen. The time has now come for a nearer and a friendly union with the other kingdom which hitherto has divided the isle of Britain with England. The lack of direct descendants of Henry, the ill luck of the descendants of his sister Mary, carried the English crown to the descendants of Margaret, and called the king of Scots to the English throne. The union of the crowns led, as a necessary though not an immediate effect, to the union of kingdoms, to the time when England and Scotland, political names, so long rival and hostile names, were merged in the common geographical name of Great Britain.1 (E. A. F)
FOOTNOTES (page. 341)
1 The evidence on which this statement is made will be found at length in Hooks Lives of the Archbishops, viii. 321. It is certainly not such evidence as would be needed to assert the fact with any positiveness; but the tale is not every unlikely in 1560, though it would be quite out of place in 1570. The deliberate invention of the story, unless perhaps at a much later time. Would really be more unlikely than the story itself.
FOOTNOTES (page 342)
1 The authorized versions, as it stands, is, an every one knows, a work of the seventeenth century, not of the sixteenth. But was the work of men whose minds had been formed in the sixteenth century, and the translation of the sixteenth century was taken as its groundwork. Whenever it departs from that model, however much it may gain as a more accurate representations of the original, it loses as a piece of England and English rhythm. Compare the Psalms in the translation of Henrys day and in that of the days of James.
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Well thats me ;)
Not sure about the depressed bit tho
Overweight? Depressed? Aged 35? Answer 'yes' to all three and you are almost certainly a gamer. So suggests a joint study conducted by scientists from the US Centres for Disease Control (CDC), Emory University in Atlanta and Andrews University in Michigan. Researchers concluded that frequent gamers tend to be fatter and of …
Not sure about the depressed bit tho
...I could of told you that.
Next shocking news.
People with great bodys tend eat well and exercise.
They needed a "Study" to figure this out? .. whoever funded it should be shot!
That's described me in a nutshell to be honest besides the 35 years of age. World of Warcraft much?
not in the UK mate
any member of our clan
is Youngish 16 - 24 apart from 4 of us
None of us are fat
although i have to admit at 28 the affections of youth are starting to leave me and my belly is no longer toned :(
lowlifescum ftw :)
Fat miserable thirty somethings have nothing better to do than play games..
at least when we can get the kids to bloody bed anyway
Leader of major religion wears distinctive headgear.
Don't have time to comment, just about to start a Naxx 25 man :)
There's a bit of a problem with this study, which you can spot here:
"500 adults aged between 19 and 90 from Washington state"
I don't know about you, but I don't know that there's many adults over 50 in Washington state playing video games, so lets narrow down the group to, hrmm, 350 adults?
That's hardly a large enough demographic, especially considering they are all from a single area!
Besides, I'm a gamer and I'm not miserable...
I don't live in Washington State either.
Perhaps the headline should read:
"350 potential gamers age 19-90 in Washington State are fat and miserable and stupid, finds study"
There, that's better.
Right. And this study was probably performed by a non-gamer lot who simply want to poo on the party for those of us who enjoy video games. I'm a gamer and I'm not fat or depressed. I'm having fun. That's the whole point of gaming. Enjoying something fun. First games are supposed to be turning blokes into anti-social killing machines, now it's alleged that gamers are a 35 year old fat depressed lot. Yea. right. I work for a University. Anyone can do a University study to prove whatever they want to prove while pocketing grant money. It's all part of the game. Create a question. Formulate surveys, pass them out, and get people to answer them, either pay them in one way or another, and you've got a built in answer to a question in order to "prove" that your point is valid. It's all just a game. LOL!!! How do you check to determine if the answers given to you in surveys are truthful? No way to prove it. So you have a survey who's answers can't be proven to be factual and you announce that "The Survey Said" this or that and we are expected to believe the results, why?
The last time I bought a computer game it was to block out the s**t that is my life. I was looking for something that would take ages to complete thus filling the hours of boredom that would normally be filled with a social life. I recommend the RPG as an ample source of oblivion.
I'm not fat though or 35.
To paraphrase Mo the bartender, "Hey! I may be fat and I may be miserable, but .. what else did he say?"
Must buy that t-shirt I saw somewhere that said "Achievement unlocked - 10G - Left the house" wonder if they do an XXL...
Which is cause and which effect?
Over 35? Yes
So much for that study.
Isn't that the target demographic for WoW?
Perhaps, but you need a bigger sample group.
Again this tripe is trotted out. Try putting the horse before the cart next time:
"Fat, depressed 35 year olds play more video games" is a much more accurate headline.
In other news, bears, Popes, etc.
Except that I'm a happy gamer! Everything else fits to a tee, but until I read this article I wasn't depressed at all... much.
a) correlation is not causation
b) is the study sure what is cause and what is effect?
If you are fat and/or depressed you tend to get mobbed in RL so badly that gaming is a lot more restful than any other social activity.
Mine's the one with the +3 cluebat hanging down the back.
I think there could be a different take on this reaserch. Maybe individuals who are larger, less attractive and more depressed are not accepted into traditional social activities and circles and so prefer to have their social interaction online where those things matter less?
the opposite a few months ago! I seem to recall this.
This sounds like one of those "We are making a point that something is bad" survey asked to be done by a group of people who think their lifestyle is perfect and think everyone else should be the same as them.
The El reg article is too short to get a true idea of the survey and usually the media likes to jump on the negative aspect of the report.
Like the Twitter article on the BBC recently that said 40 percent of Tweets are pointless, but hey that means 60 percent are useful then, imagine that...
I'm a gamer, but I don't relate to the stereotype this survey is obviously trying to create, so we can all ignore it ok.
I read a more detailed report publised by the BBC yesterday (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/8206163.stm) which came out with the shock result that "gamers" are older than most think - when only interviewing folk aged 19-90 are you surprised?
"The team chose the Seattle-Tacoma area because its internet usage level is the highest within the US and it is one of the larger markets for media."
So is it surprising that %45 play games?
Also there's plenty of inference that gamers are fat and miserable, obviously pushing that as a coleration, but maybe people are miserable because of the way society treats fat people and games are a way of escaping this?
With no figures to base these on (more were depressed, how many more, 1, 50?) you can't say whether it's a statistical anomaly or a real trend - but with a base size of 500 I could take a guess at why figures aren't published.
Go away CDC and do some real research based on a nationally representative sample size and distribution with a sufficient volume of respondents to eliminate bias as much as possible and conduct the research over several forms (at a guess they did this online?) to ensure you get a good cross-section of society.
THEN we'll see if your results stack up.
Can you tell I work in market research?
I have been gaming for around 25 years as have many of my friends and I don't know a single fat depressed gamer. None of my friends are over weight nor depressed.
Ah the survey was taken in the US, that explains it, I guess most of the US population are over weight and depressed gamer or not.
Fat, older, unloved folks mostly watched TV, were bored, etc. Now they hve a simulacrum of life. Still depressing, but better than before. My own opinion: adults playing games? Having you got real things to do?
But then, I always hated games, from monopoly and card games as a child to online games and card gmes as an adult. What a way to waste time you can never get back, or which you could have used actually talking to someone and getting to know them better, or reading and learning, or helping someone.
Nax 25?! get with the times its Uld 25 (hard mode) / ToC time ! also no maintainence today, cant wait til end of work.
...oh wait.... I'll hold the rant... this is about AMERICANS....
"I'm a gamer and I'm not 35, so that study is obviously wrong."
I guess another common feature of gamers is that they don't know what statistics are.
..... Captain Obvious to the (slightly breathless) rescue!
I did a survey of American reality TV programs and found that... Most Americans are fat, miserable, obsessed with plastic surgery and stupid!
Back in the real world... I've been playing games since Pong and I'm online for about 6 hours most nights. I'm 36, weigh 10 stone with a 30" waist and I'm neither single nor depressed. Must be because I'm not American.
seems to be the word that many commentators here are missing.
As in "I'm not 35/fat/depressed so it's crap".
It also doesn't mention small dicks, but I don't think that was part of the study.
They forgot to mention beer and pizza in their paper titled 'stating the bleeding obvious'. I'd list some more but my fat, gaming fingers think that's too much like exercise and besides I'm too miserable.
In my day there were pharmaceutical solutions to this problem and who needs the two front teeth at the top of their mouths anyway?
You're right... if it were about Britons, they'd have also found that gamers have bad teeth and eat bland food!
Also, at the other commenters, I agree that it's a rather silly study, but your anecdotes about being a thin 20-year-old happy gamer do not magically make the study invalid--it's statistics, droogs. The study is invalid if they decide that, obviously, playing games makes you fat, depressed, and old; drop in the old C-is-not-C phrase here.
Sometimes I think about times I spent playing games and it seems like such non-achievement, so far from being anything real, that it's like big chunks of my life just gone for no return. All those times I killed ten Fozzbears and three Greater Fozzbears in Wow so some dude with a questionmark over his head could tell me to kill ten greater Fozzbears and three Dire Fozzbears, well, in retrospect that time could perhaps have been better spent. But then the time I played right the way through Quake on co-op with three friends, that was pretty much awesome.
I guess it comes down to what you want your life to have been about when you look back on it from your deathbed- do you want to count your achievements in the wider world, whatever their magnitude, or how many Dire Fozzbears you did away with and how epic your mount was. It doesn't really matter which, as long as you can have your expectiations set.
Fat depressed over 35s play more video games.
Not only because of its small sample size, but because their method of calculating 'fatness' is flawed. When will they stop using BMI?!?!
Everything is a waste of time. Your wastes of time are no more and no less valid than anyone else's wastes of time. If you don't enjoy games, don't play them. If you do enjoy them, play them. I'm quite sure you have activities that I would consider boring and pointless, but I'm not going to tell you to do something "real", because it's your life and you can waste it any way you choose. The simple fact is, different people have different interests. I can't believe I had to waste my time explaining this....
How does this compare to Florida,California or New York ?
Washington state has long been known to have a very high percentage of depressive people (see Grunge) it rains ALOT.
As in the "greater Redmond" area. I wonder how many of these people work for MS? Kind of explains the results, me thinks. At least the depressed part.
I'm fat and depressed but only 34...
I fail even at making the average.
"350 potential gamers age 19-90 in Washington State are fat and miserable and stupid, finds study"
Yeah that would be better :) *but* sadly the majority of people in WA nowadays are actually transplants from California, and everyone knows that Californians are fucked up ;)
I'm not sure how the author can draw the conclusion that gamers are fat and miserable, surely it should be that gamer are fat *or* miserable. The article states that male gamers are more likely to have a higher BMI than non-gamers, but does not anything about the BMI for females. Similarly, the article states that female gamers are more likely to be depressed than non-gamers, but does mention anything about the mental state of male gamers.
So unless the sex of gamers is not mutually exclusive (admittedly that would explain a lot about gamers) then the author really needs to learn a little more about Boolean logic.
Who did the survey means nothing. Who validated it is a key point.
If they polled the same number of people in one of our over-crowded penitentiaries they'd have reached the conclusion that some large proportion of them have prior arrest records.
Conclusions are meaningless unless you have the details of the study.
...really don't have the patience for gaming other than a bit of dabbling. Don't enjoy shopping, power over other people, jewellery, etc. either, so likely I am rather atrophied in the reward-centres of my brain. Serotonin deficiency according to my doc. (Yes, I am medicated, which takes the worst off the edges of it).
Online social networks tend to be things I get dragged into by friends who prefer to communicate with me through them (I prefer plain-text email), but I really don't see the point in constantly updating the world on what colour my poop was this morning.
I'm atypical, but I knew that already.
US Centres for Disease Control (CDC)?
Hence should be controlled.
Regardless of the merits of the study mentioned in the article, it has to be said (again):
Most ignorant numskulls who visit IT news sites haven't got a clue about the meaning of statistics. Should someone do research on that, too?
In time: I am 35, but neither fat nor miserable. And I don't even game, mind. Or does footie count?
Surely the depression is caused by RSI halting all ability to masturbate furiously.
"Male gamers generally had a higher Body Mass Index (BMI) values than non-gaming boys."
When are they going to stop using this completely useless, Victorian, vague observation, for real scientific purposes.
I have about the same, if not lower, BMI as Mike Tyson and i'm 6 stone overweight with pure flab. the "ideal" ratio of weight to height, as recorded over 100 years ago, bears no relevance to today, as nutrition is completely different, and fails to take into account any difference between fat and muscle.
I am overweight, 57, and I don't play video games, ever.
What went wrong?
Mine's the one with no controller
I'm 36, underweight and don't have time to play games. For all these reasons and more, I am depressed. Proper depressed, with two kinds of pills and everything. You'd be amazed how close a three-way decision between Rock Band 2, an early night, and a warm bath with a bottle of vodka, the entire contents of the medicine cabinet and a sharp blade can be sometimes. | <urn:uuid:b9f0710c-453f-4e53-8bac-0c2acfc9ba41> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://forums.theregister.co.uk/forum/1/2009/08/18/cdc_gaming_report/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00245-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971391 | 3,320 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Orcas hunt and kill dolphins off B.C. coast; rare attack captured on video
Published Tuesday, February 4, 2014 8:03AM EST
A rare and bloody confrontation between a group of killer whales and a school of dolphins stunned onlookers in Nanaimo, B.C. on Monday.
An estimated eight or nine orcas trapped several dolphins in Nanaimo's Departure Bay before they attacked the mammals – eventually killing and eating two of them.
Dozens of passengers aboard a nearby ferry and passersby on the shore witnessed and recorded the attack.
"It was crazy because by the time we drove down and parked, the whales were actually hunting -- fast, in and out," one witness told CTV Vancouver.
Experts say the attack witnessed Monday could become more common as both the dolphin and whale populations in the area increase.
"This area is so much more alive in some ways than it was 20 years ago," said Dr. Lance Barrett-Lennard, a senior marine mammal scientist with Vancouver Aquarium. "We have a lot more harbour seals, a lot more white-sided dolphins, which were gone for many years."
The whales involved in the attack were Biggs killer whales, which typically feed on other mammals, unlike resident killer whales that eat fish.
Barrett said the attack, while gruesome, points to a balancing act between the mammal populations.
"The fact that this area has recaptured some of its original dynamism in terms of marine mammals, that’s good thing," he said.
With a report from CTV Vancouver's Penny Daflos | <urn:uuid:1510c126-adfb-4c4f-85e6-04b768b45a24> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/orcas-hunt-and-kill-dolphins-off-b-c-coast-rare-attack-captured-on-video-1.1669537 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00359-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974523 | 331 | 1.75 | 2 |
Overview Risk Factors Symptoms Evaluation Treatment questions for doctor specialist Home Care taking control using an inhaler warning signs wheezing Underlying Cause Anatomy
Asbestos Lung Damage Wheezing
- Avoid exposure to smoke.
- Avoid cough medicine.
- Avoid sedative medications.
- Avoid substances that trigger wheezing.
- Drink plenty of liquids to remain hydrated.
- Place a vaporizer or nebulizer in the bedroom at night.
Home care for those who take medication for wheezing includes:
- Follow asthma home care instructions.
- Learn to use prescribed inhalers correctly.
- Use short-acting inhalers every 20 minutes, or as directed by your doctor.
- Long-acting medications must be used regularly.
- Learn to use a peak flow meter.
- Know the peak flow danger zones.
- Develop a strategy for using your inhaler based on your PEFR reading
- Stay calm during a wheezing attack.
Peak Flow Zones:
- Green Zone:
- A PEFR reading that is 80-100% of personal best represents good control
- Yellow Zone:
- A PEFR reading that is 50-80% of personal best represents a moderate attack
- Red Zone:
- A PEFR reading that is less than 50% of personal best represents a severe attack and may identify the need for treatment in an emergency department.
Continue to Asbestos Lung Damage Underlying Cause
PubMed Asbestos Lung Damage References
- Cugell DW, Kamp DW. Asbestos and the pleura: aChest. 2004 Mar;125(3):1103-17.
- Hessel PA, Gamble JF, McDonald JC. Asbestos, asbestosis, and lung cancer: a critical assessment of the epidemiological evidence. Thorax. 2005 May;60(5):433-6.
- Niklinski J, Niklinska W, Chyczewska E, Laudanski J, Naumnik W, Chyczewski L, Pluygers E. The epidemiology of asbestos-related diseases. Lung Cancer. 2004 Aug;45 Suppl 1:S7-S15.
- Ohar J, Sterling DA, Bleecker E, Donohue J. Changing patterns in asbestos-induced lung disease. Chest. 2004 Feb;125(2):744-53. | <urn:uuid:e4fe8d49-2fce-4533-a6d0-c2a46a22d1dc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.freemd.com/asbestos-lung-damage/home-care-wheezing.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00281-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.779619 | 499 | 2.859375 | 3 |
In low resource settings, there are many challenges and constraints to the delivery of quality care. We will bring together relevant stakeholders to understand the current status of quality care in Somaliland, and the challenges and gaps in quality improvement (QI) approaches in the health system. Our NHS partners will support colleagues to undertake facility assessments of Borama Regional Hospital, our newest partner in Somaliland, and up to seven health centres within its referral area, using audit tools developed by WHO.
These facility assessments will help us understand where to focus our support- regarding staff training and the procurement of resources, such as personal protective equipment for health workers. Clinical experts from the NHS will then volunteer their time to provide top-up training to healthcare workers in one priority area as identified in the assessments, such as Infection Prevention and Control or triage. | <urn:uuid:b8fb3989-8272-410d-a0d3-ae52f86e3145> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kcl.ac.uk/quality-improvement-in-health-care-in-somaliland | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.959164 | 169 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Annual total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions arising from the global energy supply sector continue to increase. Combustion of fossil fuels continues to dominate a global energy market that is striving to meet the ever-increasing demand for heat, electricity and transport fuels. GHG emissions from fossil fuels have increased each year since the IPCC 2001 Third Assessment Report (TAR) (IPCC,2001), despite greater deployment of low- and zero-carbon technologies, (particularly those utilizing renewable energy); the implementation of various policy support mechanisms by many states and countries; the advent of carbon trading in some regions, and a substantial increase in world energy commodity prices. Without the near-term introduction of supportive and effective policy actions by governments, energy-related GHG emissions, mainly from fossil fuel combustion, are projected to rise by over 50% from 26.1 GtCO2eq (7.1 GtC) in 2004 to 37–40 GtCO2 (10.1–10.9 GtC) by 2030. Mitigation has therefore become even more challenging.
Global dependence on fossil fuels has led to the release of over 1100 GtCO2 into the atmosphere since the mid-19th century. Currently, energy-related GHG emissions, mainly from fossil fuel combustion for heat supply, electricity generation and transport, account for around 70% of total emissions including carbon dioxide, methane and some traces of nitrous oxide (Chapter 1). To continue to extract and combust the world’s rich endowment of oil, coal, peat, and natural gas at current or increasing rates, and so release more of the stored carbon into the atmosphere, is no longer environmentally sustainable, unless carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technologies currently being developed can be widely deployed (high agreement, much evidence).
There are regional and societal variations in the demand for energy services. The highest per-capita demand is by those living in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) economies, but currently, the most rapid growth is in many developing countries. Energy access, equity and sustainable development are compromised by higher and rapidly fluctuating prices for oil and gas. These factors may increase incentives to deploy carbon-free and low-carbon energy technologies, but conversely, could also encourage the market uptake of coal and cheaper unconventional hydrocarbons and technologies with consequent increases in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.
Energy access for all will require making available basic and affordable energy services using a range of energy resources and innovative conversion technologies while minimizing GHG emissions, adverse effects on human health, and other local and regional environmental impacts. To accomplish this would require governments, the global energy industry and society as a whole to collaborate on an unprecedented scale. The method used to achieve optimum integration of heating, cooling, electricity and transport fuel provision with more efficient energy systems will vary with the region, local growth rate of energy demand, existing infrastructure and by identifying all the co-benefits (high agreement, much evidence).
The wide range of energy sources and carriers that provide energy services need to offer long-term security of supply, be affordable and have minimal impact on the environment. However, these three government goals often compete. There are sufficient reserves of most types of energy resources to last at least several decades at current rates of use when using technologies with high energy-conversion efficient designs. How best to use these resources in an environmentally acceptable manner while providing for the needs of growing populations and developing economies is a great challenge.
- Conventional oil reserves will eventually peak as will natural gas reserves, but it is uncertain exactly when and what will be the nature of the transition to alternative liquid fuels such as coal-to-liquids, gas-to-liquids, oil shales, tar sands, heavy oils, and biofuels. It is still uncertain how and to what extent these alternatives will reach the market and what the resultant changes in global GHG emissions will be as a result.
- Conventional natural gas reserves are more abundant in energy terms than conventional oil, but they are also distributed less evenly across regions. Unconventional gas resources are also abundant, but future economic development of these resources is uncertain.
- Coal is unevenly distributed, but remains abundant. It can be converted to liquids, gases, heat and power, although more intense utilization will demand viable CCS technologies if GHG emissions from its use are to be limited.
- There is a trend towards using energy carriers with increased efficiency and convenience, particularly away from solid fuels to liquid and gaseous fuels and electricity.
- Nuclear energy, already at about 7% of total primary energy, could make an increasing contribution to carbon-free electricity and heat in the future. The major barriers are: long-term fuel resource constraints without recycling; economics; safety; waste management; security; proliferation, and adverse public opinion.
- Renewable energy sources (with the exception of large hydro) are widely dispersed compared with fossil fuels, which are concentrated at individual locations and require distribution. Hence, renewable energy must either be used in a distributed manner or concentrated to meet the higher energy demands of cities and industries.
- Non-hydro renewable energy-supply technologies, particularly solar, wind, geothermal and biomass, are currently small overall contributors to global heat and electricity supply, but are the most rapidly increasing. Costs, as well as social and environmental barriers, are restricting this growth. Therefore, increased rates of deployment may need supportive government policies and measures.
- Traditional biomass for domestic heating and cooking still accounts for more than 10% of global energy supplies but could eventually be replaced, mainly by modern biomass and other renewable energy systems as well as by fossil-based domestic fuels such as kerosene and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) (high agreement, much evidence – except traditional biomass).
Security of energy supply issues and perceived future benefits from strategic investments may not necessarily encourage the greater uptake of lower carbon-emitting technologies. The various concerns about the future security of conventional oil, gas and electricity supplies could aid the transition to more low-carbon technologies such as nuclear, renewables and CCS. However, these same concerns could also encourage the greater uptake of unconventional oil and gaseous fuels as well as increase demand for coal and lignite in countries with abundant national supplies and seeking national energy-supply security.
Addressing environmental impacts usually depends on the introduction of regulations and tax incentives rather than relying on market mechanisms. Large-scale energy-conversion plants with a life of 30–100 years give a slow rate of turnover of around 1–3% per year. Thus, decisions taken today that support the deployment of carbon-emitting technologies, especially in countries seeking supply security to provide sustainable development paths, could have profound effects on GHG emissions for the next several decades. Smaller-scale, distributed energy plants using local energy resources and low- or zero-carbon emitting technologies, can give added reliability, be built more quickly and be efficient by utilizing both heat and power outputs locally (including for cooling).
Distributed electricity systems can help reduce transmission losses and offset the high investment costs of upgrading distribution networks that are close to full capacity.
More energy-efficient technologies can also improve supply security by reducing future energy-supply demands and any associated GHG emissions. However, the present adoption path for these, together with low- and zero-carbon supply technologies, as shown by business-as-usual baseline scenarios, will not reduce emissions significantly.
The transition from surplus fossil fuel resources to constrained gas and oil carriers, and subsequently to new energy supply and conversion technologies, has begun. However it faces regulatory and acceptance barriers to rapid implementation and market competition alone may not lead to reduced GHG emissions. The energy systems of many nations are evolving from their historic dependence on fossil fuels in response to the climate change threat, market failure of the supply chain, and increasing reliance on global energy markets, thereby necessitating the wiser use of energy in all sectors. A rapid transition toward new energy supply systems with reduced carbon intensity needs to be managed to minimize economic, social and technological risks and to co-opt those stakeholders who retain strong interests in maintaining the status quo. The electricity, building and industry sectors are beginning to become more proactive and help governments make the transition happen. Sustainable energy systems emerging as a result of government, business and private interactions should not be selected on cost and GHG mitigation potential alone but also on their other co-benefits.
Innovative supply-side technologies, on becoming fully commercial, may enhance access to clean energy, improve energy security and promote environmental protection at local, regional and global levels. They include thermal power plant designs based on gasification; combined cycle and super-critical boilers using natural gas as a bridging fuel; the further development and uptake of CCS; second-generation renewable energy systems; and advanced nuclear technologies. More efficient energy supply technologies such as these are best combined with improved end-use efficiency technologies to give a closer matching of energy supply with demand in order to reduce both losses and GHG emissions.
Energy services are fundamental to achieving sustainable development. In many developing countries, provision of adequate, affordable and reliable energy services has been insufficient to reduce poverty and improve standards of living. To provide such energy services for everyone in an environmentally sound way will require major investments in the energy-supply chain, conversion technologies and infrastructure (particularly in rural areas) (high agreement, much evidence).
There is no single economic technical solution to reduce GHG emissions from the energy sector. There is however good mitigation potential available based on several zero-or low-carbon commercial options ready for increased deployment at costs below 20 US$/tCO2 avoided or under research development. The future choice of supply technologies will depend on the timing of successful developments for advanced nuclear, advanced coal and gas, and second-generation renewable energy technologies. Other technologies, such as CCS, second-generation biofuels, concentrated solar power, ocean energy and biomass gasification, may make additional contributions in due course. The necessary transition will involve more sustained public and private investment in research, development, demonstration and deployment (RD3) to better understand our energy resources, to further develop cost-effective and -efficient low- or zero-carbon emitting technologies, and to encourage their rapid deployment and diffusion. Research investment in energy has varied greatly from country to country, but in most cases has declined significantly in recent years since the levels achieved soon after the oil shocks during the 1970s.
Using the wide range of available low- and zero-carbon technologies (including large hydro, bioenergy, other renewables, nuclear and CCS together with improved power-plant efficiency and fuel switching from coal to gas), the total mitigation potential by 2030 for the electricity sector alone, at carbon prices below 20 US$/tCO2-eq, ranges between 2.0 and 4.2 GtCO2-eq/yr. At the high end of this range, the over 70% share of fossil fuel-based power generation in the baseline drops to 55% of the total. Developing countries could provide around half of this potential. This range corresponds well with the TAR analysis potential of 1.3–2.5 GtCO2-eq/yr at 27 US$/tCO2-eq avoided, given that the TAR was only up to 2020 and that, since it was published in 2001, there has been an increase in development and deployment of renewable energy technologies, a better understanding of CCS techniques and a greater acceptance of improved designs of nuclear power plants.
For investment costs up to 50 US$/tCO2-eq, the total mitigation potential by 2030 rises to between 3.0 and 6.4 GtCO2-eq/yr avoided. Up to 100 US$/tCO2-eq avoided, the total potential is between 4.0 and 7.2 GtCO2-eq/yr, mainly coming from non-OECD/EIT countries (medium agreement, limited evidence).
There is high agreement in the projections that global energy supply will continue to grow and in the types of energy likely to be used by 2030. However, there is only medium confidence in the regional energy demand assumptions and the future mix of conversion technologies to be used. Overall, the future costs and technical potentials identified should provide a reasonable basis for considering strategies and decisions over the next several decades.
No single policy instrument will ensure the desired transition to a future secure and decarbonized world. Policies will need to be regionally specific and both energy and non-energy co-benefits should be taken into account. Internalizing environmental costs requires development of policy initiatives, long-term vision and leadership based on sound science and economic analysis. Effective policies supporting energy-supply technology development and deployment are crucial to the uptake of low-carbon emission systems and should be regionally specific. A range of policies is already in place to encourage the development and deployment of low-carbon-emitting technologies in OECD countries as well as in non-OECD countries including Brazil, Mexico, China and India. Policies in several countries have resulted in the successful implementation of renewable energy systems to give proven benefits linked with energy access, distributed energy, health, equity and sustainable development. Nuclear energy policies are also receiving renewed attention. However, the consumption of fossil fuels, at times heavily subsidized by governments, will remain dominant in all regions to meet ever-increasing energy demands unless future policies take into account the full costs of environmental, climate change and health issues resulting from their use.
Energy sector reform is critical to sustainable energy development and includes reviewing and reforming subsidies, establishing credible regulatory frameworks, developing policy environments through regulatory interventions, and creating market-based approaches such as emissions trading. Energy security has recently become an important policy driver. Privatization of the electricity sector has secured energy supply and provided cheaper energy services in some countries in the short term, but has led to contrary effects elsewhere due to increasing competition, which, in turn, leads to deferred investments in plant and infrastructure due to longer-term uncertainties. In developed countries, reliance on only a few suppliers, and threats of natural disasters, terrorist attacks and future uncertainty about imported energy supplies add to the concerns. For developing countries lack of security and higher world-energy prices constrain endeavours to accelerate access to modern energy services that would help to decrease poverty, improve health, increase productivity, enhance competition and thus improve their economies (high agreement, much evidence).
In short, the world is not on course to achieve a sustainable energy future. The global energy supply will continue to be dominated by fossil fuels for several decades. To reduce the resultant GHG emissions will require a transition to zero- and low-carbon technologies. This can happen over time as business opportunities and co-benefits are identified. However, more rapid deployment of zero- and low-carbon technologies will require policy intervention with respect to the complex and interrelated issues of: security of energy supply; removal of structural advantages for fossil fuels; minimizing related environmental impacts, and achieving the goals for sustainable development. | <urn:uuid:88e4b980-3d04-416a-b33e-c1b87438ee78> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/ch4-ens4-es.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00128-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93803 | 3,084 | 3.484375 | 3 |
River Friendly program awards area farmers
Since 1999, the Indiana Association of Soil and Water Conservation Districts and the 92 county SWCDS, Indiana Farm Bureau, Inc., Indiana State Department of Agriculture, Purdue Cooperative Extension Service, and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, key conservation and agricultural organizations have sponsored the River Friendly Farmer Program.The statewide initiative recognizes farmers, who through good production management practices, help keep Indiana’s rivers, lakes and streams clean.The 2013 River Friendly Farmers from Whitley County are Jim Cormany and Kevin Jagger.To read the rest of this story, see the May 6 issue of The Post and Mail. Don't have a subscription? Call (260) 244-5153 or subscribe to our e-edition. For breaking news, sports updates and additional coverage, bookmark the homepage and find us on facebook and twitter. | <urn:uuid:71c8863f-f38b-455a-ba67-221dcbf7c258> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.thepostandmail.com/content/river-friendly-program-awards-area-farmers?quicktabs_2=0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718309.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00406-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.862447 | 173 | 1.992188 | 2 |
It’s not easy to get a public sign erected, given the red tape that’s often part of the process.
Now imagine it’s 40 feet long and made of 10 tons of pink granite.
During efforts to find a home for the “Macon 1823” sign, in storage for the past four years, the red tape has been thicker than usual.
Now, though, it looks like the sign, which notes the year Macon was founded, will be part of the Second Street Corridor initiative.
Appropriately, news about the sign came Monday, the same day that work began on the part of the corridor between Cherry and Poplar streets.
Mayor Robert Reichert said the sign will probably be part of a small, pocket park in the corridor between Little Richard Penniman Boulevard and the bridge over nearby railroad tracks.
“We’ve been trying to locate a good spot for it,” he said. “We’d like to explore putting it in a pocket park -- a place where you can sit, stop and enjoy the shade. It would be just about where you get to the crest bridge and enter downtown Macon.”
There are “two or three appropriate spots” along the route, he said, that officials are researching to see how viable they would be for the pocket park and sign.
The plan follows months of negotiations with state Department of Transportation officials. Initially, city leaders wanted to put the sign back on the interstate, where it sat for years, but for various reasons those talks proved unsuccessful. DOT officials could not be reached for comment Monday.
Monica Smith, president and CEO of the Macon-Bibb County Convention and Visitors Bureau, wanted the sign put at the visitors center along Interstate 75, close to the border between Bibb and Monroe counties. But Smith said DOT officials ultimately nixed that idea.
“We looked at a couple of options, but (the DOT) determined that due to federal highway regulations, we couldn’t install it there,” she said. “I thought it would be (a good site) because of the amount of traffic that goes through there. ... Visitors would see it and residents would be proud of it. But we had to think about other locations.”
That’s when Smith had conversations with Reichert, landscape architect Wimberly Treadwell and other officials about putting the sign along the Second Street Corridor.
The sign was conceived by the Keep Macon-Bibb Beautiful Commission and unveiled in 1996 for the Atlanta Olympics, thanks to a $50,000 grant designed to spruce up roads for the games.
The sign was supposed to stand upright alongside the southbound lanes of I-75 near the F. Emory Greene Memorial Bridge. DOT officials balked at the idea of leaving the sign upright, however, saying it was a potential road hazard. So the sign was placed flat along the hill, and many motorists drove by it, hardly noticing it.
In 2003, officials looked at moving the sign to a more visible locale, but nothing came of it.
Then, as part of the road-widening project for the I-16/I-75 interchange, the DOT insisted that the city remove the sign. It was taken in several pieces to the old stables in Central City Park, and it has been out of the public eye ever since.
Because of the size of the sign’s pieces, city officials couldn’t store them inside the stables, so they were stored outside. Smith said the sign is still in good shape, but will need to be cleaned.
The original cost estimates to install the sign at the visitors center was about $5,000, but Smith said it will probably be more now, depending on the final location.
The new park and sign could be completed in the next 24 months.
Once it is installed, the sign will be a great way to welcome visitors to Macon, Smith said.
“I’ll just be happy when we can see it,” she said. “I think it will be great for the community to have it somewhere we can enjoy it.”
Information from Telegraph archives was used in this report. To contact writer Phillip Ramati, call 744-4334. | <urn:uuid:b2ff9336-218a-483e-a9d0-e87e5b6933dd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.macon.com/news/local/article30135663.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00022-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970927 | 906 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Fannin County Museum of History
One Main Street, Bonham, Texas
History: The Father of County Bois D'Arc
Bonham Daily Favorite, May 7, 1995
During the tumultuous times written by Dr. Rowlett in his report from Red River, those stalwart settlers in the Red River Valley addressed many of their fears of Indian reprisals by constructing a line of frontier forts as a defensive measure against such occurrences. The first of these. Fort Warren, was already in place when the first family settlers arrived. Built on Red River probably in late 1835, Fort Warren was originally destined as a trading post to house Abel Warren’s establishment for the lucrative Indian trade market.
Only after Warren had abandoned the site in a move some sixty miles up river did his former trading post become a haven for those settlers. The next structure constructed was Fort Inglish built on the banks of Bois d'Arc Creek by pioneer Bailey Inglish and a group of his neighbors.
Soon after the completion of Fort Inglish, Captain Mable Gilbert fortified his residential cabins into a fortified blockhouses although a stockade was never constructed around the buildings. Within a few more months a group of citizens in the southeast part of the area, probably led by very early pioneer Daniel Davis, constructed what was later called Fort Lyday.
From Rowlett's writings as well as other accounts and reports we known that the most vicious and inhumane of the Indian depredations during this period took place in the near vicinity of Fort Warren or just to the south of the area. Only one half hearted raid was staged on Fort Inglish, and one minor skirmish took place at Gilbert's blockhouse. No attacks on Fort Lyday were recorded.
Dr. Rowlett did record the only known attack in southeastern Fannin County which took place at the homestead of Captain John Yeary south of Honey Grove.
"The Indians often made attacks on people their fields at work. On one occasion Captain Yeary was at the plow and his whole force with him except one negro woman who had been left at the house with the children and Mrs. Yeary. The Indians made the attack on the houses. Mrs. Yeary succeeded in getting the doors closed raising the alarm, after she received a severe wound from an arrow.
The Captain and his boys with their hoes rushed on the Indians with such fury that not withstanding their superior numbers and the advantages they had in arms they were compelled to retreat after wounding severely Capt and all his force and having many severe wounds inflicted with the old man's hoes on their own party.
Many campaigns were performed against the Indians in the course of five years but with partial success; a party commanded by Capt John Hart, defeated one party of the Indians on the west fork (note: Trinity River) at one time, and, another party commanded by James Bourland fell in with and defeated a camp of Indians, a party commanded by John B Denton defeated another camp of Indians at another time at each of which times several Indians were slain, but the most severe defeat was inflicted by the command of Genrl E H Tarrant in May 1841, on the west fork of the Trinity.
All the cornfields on Trinity were broken up. The Indian bands driven to the Brazos and Red River and many of their principal warriers slain. John B Denton slain on the part of the whites and Mjr Stout wounded.
It would be impossible to recollect all the persons killed on the frontier in the course of five years of war, but among them was Washburn, Keithly, Kemp (note: probably a reference to Isaac Camp), Garner, Clubz, Moody, Mrs. Hunter and children together with them theretofore mentioned and many others not now recalled. Several negros have been killed by them and it is a strange fact that not one negro has ever attempted to escape from his master in order to join the indians."
Note: Doctor Rowlett's report attempted to describe in as much detail as possible the difficulties experienced by the settlers in the Red River Valley during those particularly violent five or so years. Even though he was unable to provide all the names of those slain in Indian raids, his recall was sufficient to provide the impetus for others to remember in greater detail specific incidents. Some authorities of the time estimated that better than 200 persons lost their lives in this war. Curiously the pioneer women seemed to have escaped the usual murder and kidnapping.
Of all the annals of Indian raids the only deaths mentioned among the women of Fannin County were those of Mrs. Minerva Hunter, her young daughter, and a female slave.
Dr. Rowlett concluded his report to Lamar with some general demographic information about Fannin County. Keep in mind that although the Fannin County of Dr. Rowlett's report extended some 385 miles to its western border, the settlements and populated areas were generally east of the area known as cross timbers, located today in Cooke County.
"At one time in the year 38 the population had dwindled by removals and death to not more than 100 men, less than half their number at a former date. But the population has now increased to some 6 or 700 men.
The county now produces cotton, wheat, tobacco, and Indian corn in great abundance. During the present winter up to January 15th more than 200 families have emigrated to the county of Fannin."
Information from Doctr Rowlett
on the Red River.
Although Dr. Rowlett was certainly not the first settler in the confines of present day Fannin County, those circumstances belonging to a group of single men who roamed in and out of the area from the early 1830's, his efforts at introducing the more stable immigrants certainly produced the impetus for a permanent status in the area. It was his efforts that allow us to designate him as the father of Fannin County.
Unfortunately his accomplishments are generally unknown today. Fannin County had several men who provided the necessary guidance during those founding years and all of them influenced what Fannin County is today, but Rowlett's mission needs to be preserved and recognized. There is absolutely nothing in the confines of this county that mark his passage here save for a small historical marker over his grave, Isn't it time that our county officials and others pay the proper tribute to this man? | <urn:uuid:c404e9c3-6c67-4193-a1eb-9110a1cecd13> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fannincountymuseum.org/sketch152.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.986332 | 1,311 | 2.609375 | 3 |
More Than Just Penny Jordan
Penny Jordan was an immensely popular author for Mills and Boon/ Harlequin. She wrote romantic love stories that readers have enjoyed for 40 years. However, Penny Jordan was not her real identity but one of her many pseudonyms. Let’s take a look back at the career of this talented author.
Life Before Writing
Born on November 24, 1946, Penelope “Penny” Jones came into the world in a nursing home in Preston, Lancashire, England. Like many future writers, Penny had a vivid imagination as a child and was an active reader. Starting at age 10 or 11, her mother introduced Penny to the romantic serials in the Woman’s Weekly magazines. She became hooked on reading Mills & Boon and was a devoted fan. In those days, private lending libraries were the only source to obtain those books. Not until years later would the books go on sale in shops so Penny could have her keep of them.
She had met the love of her life, Steve Halsall, as a teenager, whom she married after her graduation. Steve was supportive of Penny’s burgeoning ambitions to write and purchased a typewriter for her to create romantic fiction.
Enter Caroline Courtney, Penny Jordan, and Annie Groves
The Early Years of Her Career
Penny entered a competition run by the Romantic Novelists’ Association (RNA), which brought her to the attention of an agent, and in 1979 she published Duchess in Disguise, the first of her 25 Regency romances written under the name Caroline Courtney.
Around the time that Duchess in Disguise was published, Penny read in a magazine that Mills & Boon were looking for new authors.
“I was still an avid reader of Mills & Boon romances – on publication day I used to rush out of work to get to the local book store to grab my favourites before they all disappeared. I chose to write the kind of romance I love best – one with a sheikh hero.”PENELOPE HALSALL
The editor who discovered Penny’s work in the slush pile in 1980 described her as “a raw talent-–a born storyteller with a unique, intense and passionate voice.” Her first book for Mills & Boon was Falcon’s Prey (1981).
In the early 1980’s Penny also wrote several contemporary romances as Melinda Wright and Lydia Hitchcock. She also wrote for Mills & Boon/ Harlequins under the pseudonym Frances Roding.
The Next Phase
Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, Penny would be one of Mills & Boon/ Harlequin’s most successful writers. Her heroines were often shy, insecure, or misguided-but-well-meaning. Penny’s heroes could range from cruel and passionate to tender and loving. In the end, they always fell forever in love with their heroines.
In the 2000s, Penny found a new focus in her career, writing a series of novels under the pseudonym Annie Groves. The inspiration for these books came from Penny’s mother’s experiences during World War II. Set Liverpool and London, these novels focused on the home front and the changing role of women during wartime. This series would introduce a new generation of fans to Penny Jones-Halsall’s works.
The End of an Era
Sadly, Penny’s husband Steve passed away in 2002. She would continue thriving in the career that he had so lovingly encouraged her to pursue.
In 2011 Penny was presented with the RNA’s lifetime achievement award. During her 30 year career, Penny Halsall was one of the world’s best-selling romance writers, selling 90-100 million copies of her 200 books. Her works were translated into 25 languages worldwide.
Unfortunately, Penny died too young on December 31, 2011, at age 65, from cancer. She left behind many loving nieces, nephews, and godchildren, not to mention her millions of fans.
An Annie Groves novel, My Sweet Valentine, along with two further volumes for Mills & Boon, The Price of Royal Duty and A Secret Disgrace, would be published before her passing. More books would be released in the decade following her death, with a final Annie Groves book to be published in 2022.
More Penny Jordan Information
For more information on Penelope Jones Halsall and her numerous writing identities, visit our Penny Jones Author Page. You can go to the Menu at the top of every page to search for other authors’ biographies, links, and backlists.
Have you read Penny Jordan, Caroline Courtney, or Annie Groves’ books? If so, what are your favorite reads? Please drop a comment, and let’s talk romance. | <urn:uuid:d25c9532-779b-4746-9483-cfa39780486c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sweetsavageflame.com/author-spotlight-penny-jordan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.966484 | 1,013 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Top of Lower End
General views down Lower End with the Malt Shovel in the background.
Postcard circa 1908
Postcard from same period
Miss Twigger's Cottage
Miss Twigger's Cottage was known as "The Cottage". This cottage and Bill Elliot's were cottages belonging to Pisford's (Ford's) Charity in Coventry.
Miss Twigger died in 1970. She had been the village schoolmistress.
Her father was a baker and kept the post office.
Miss Twigger's cottage, 1968.
Miss Twigger's cottage 1968. You can see her side door, which she used as the main entrance always. The lean-to at the back was originally the wash-house. Everyone had them tacked on to the backs of their cottages, but later most of them were demolished.
Miss Twigger's cottage, June 1970.
The Manor House
Among the main early village farms were Cross House (now known as the
Manor House) in the middle of the village (opposite a small green, taken
away about 1930). The Manor House was stripped down to its original timber framework in
the autumn of 1966 by its new owner; the previous owner - Mr. Cowley -
having died in Feb 1966. The whole framework was then blown down in a
severe storm. It was rebuilt in its current form.
The Manor House October 1966
detail of gable end facing towards Stoneleigh Road October 1966 | <urn:uuid:f768b8d9-358a-481a-aaf2-404e2dda63d5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bubbenhall.info/topend.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.988918 | 310 | 1.804688 | 2 |
“Turning litigation into a business is corrosive of almost every good value of the rule of law,” Philip Howard writes in the Huffington Post.
He is troubled by the growth of lawsuit funding, where a third party is allowed to invest in litigation. The practice was once forbidden by laws that barred champerty, but litigation funding is getting more prevalent – and profitable.
The goal of the legal system, Howard writes, is to determine right from wrong. Investing in lawsuits, however, turns the justice system into a for-profit industry.
“Never stir up litigation,” Abraham Lincoln said. Allowing investors to buy stakes in lawsuits will only encourage frivolous suits and prolong cases. | <urn:uuid:11205a86-91b2-438d-a148-d54e5cd0ae01> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://instituteforlegalreform.com/investing-in-lawsuits/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.966618 | 145 | 1.789063 | 2 |
The World Wide Web can buy a drink! But the World Wide Web cannot rent a car.
Twenty-one years ago, Tim Berners-Lee published the first webpage. Web page, in the parlance the time. This was part of a project Berners-Lee had embarked on while working at CERN, and it really was just a project: a protocol for linking documents via hypertext, one effort among many that researchers and computer scientists were experimenting with in their desire to stay connected.
The web's roots can be traced back as far as the 1980s, when Berners-Lee developed his hyptertext-based Enquire software at CERN; in 1989, he got the green light from his boss for a side project that that would devise a way to link information and to scale those links. Using a NeXT cube computer -- the cutting-edge machine designed by Steve Jobs's NeXT, Inc. -- Berners-Lee put the finishing touches on a protocol that would use hypertext (a concept that had been around since 1963) as the basis of file-sharing on the Internet (which had been around for nearly as long). The point was to make information not only connected, but accessible in its connectivity. To make his protocol workable, Berners-Lee also developed the world's first browser. And, for that matter, its first server.
On August 6, 1991, Berners-Lee went public with his creation, publishing the web's first content to the address http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html. The page, in a manner that was both pragmatic and appropriately recursive, featured information about the web, via the web. It also -- appropriately -- asked its readers for help in its own development. On the page, Berners-Lee described the invention, which he nicknamed W3, as "a wide-area hypermedia information retrieval initiative aiming to give universal access to a large universe of documents." It contained a linked question for readers: "How can I help?"
Here's the World Wide Web Consortium's post-facto recreation of that bare-bones web page -- complete, charmingly and prophetically, with a typo. (The double-periods! Awesome.) The image is a screen cap, cut off at the right side for legibility purposes; you can see the full page, and follow its hyperlinks, here.
So that's all to say: Wow, the World Wide Web is 21!
But that's also to say: Wow, the world wide web is only 21! In human years -- in the U.S., at any rate -- the web can drive a car. It can vote. It can drink. But it can't yet rent a car. It can't yet run for Congress. It probably shouldn't buy a home or have kids or settle on a career path. It is young, and it is ambitious, and it is sometimes foolish, and it is still figuring things out. And that's okay -- because it has its whole life still ahead of it. | <urn:uuid:bb617535-b92e-4c67-90e8-577ea88114d6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/08/shots-all-around-the-world-wide-web-is-now-old-enough-to-drink/260794/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00289-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96839 | 632 | 2.75 | 3 |
JUDO IN THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE
By: Jeff Beish, USJA Member
To my knowledge the history of organized Judo in the United States has never been officially published in a single volume. Any article of this history would necessarily be based on personal memories and articles scattered about the Martial Arts world. I will attempt to record the history of the United States Judo Association from my personal memories and papers. Bear in mind first and foremost this is based on my personal knowledge and is subject to human error. This is a work in progress.
My first contact with organized Judo came in 1960 when attending basic training in the U.S. Air Force (USAF). I had been practicing Judo on and off since 1952; however, had no knowledge of organized Judo except for the local dojo I attended. Our drill instructor at Lackland AFB, Texas was SSGT Linan, who was black belt in Kodokan Judo. Also I met a new friend, Masato Yamashita, another black belt in Judo. He and I were allowed to workout with the base Judo club.
After our basic training ended Yamashita and I were transferred to Chanute AFB, Illinois to attend technical school. We found that the Chanute Judo Club had 20 or 30 students and we had plenty of Judo activity for off duty times. Once an older Judoka came to visit our class and was introduced as SSgt. Rick Mertens who was active in the Air Force Judo Association (AFJA), so he recruited club members into the organization. We both joined the AFJA and I would remain a regular member until 1969 when I became a life member.
I remained in the USAF until early 1968 and participated in the Judo activities at each base within the JBBF and AFJA. After that I was unattached and remained with the JBBF until the AFJA split from them and formed the United States Judo Association (USJA). Except for just having fun practicing Judo I avoided Judo politics and have been a much happier camper for that. Here is an outline of the history as I remember it. This is a work in progress and suggestions are welcome.
JUDO IN THE STRATIGIC AIR COMMAND
It all began back in 1951 when USAF General Curtiss LeMay authorized a most innovative program to teach his Strategic Air Command (SAC) aircrews the art of "hand-to-hand combat." For a more officially sounding name, "combative measures" was coined by the Air Force. To accomplish this task, General LeMay directed the SAC Physical Conditioning units and Air Police units to select candidates for Martial Arts training at the Kodokan Judo Institute in Japan. The training sessions at the Kodokan would include Judo, jujitsu, karate, aikido, and other related forms that would eventually lead to certifying them to become “combative measures” instructors. As commander-in-chief of the USAF Strategic Air Command (SAC), General Curtis E. LeMay came to realize that in the time of the Cold War there was a great need to train his combat crews in survival techniques.
Gen. LeMay also recognized that a well organized Judo programs would not only help his airmen to increase physical fitness it would also teach aircrews to defend themselves if they were shot down into enemy territory. LeMay's first problem was finding enough qualified Judo instructors to carry out his program. He found the answer when he hired a former National wrestling champion and ranking Judo person Mr. Emilio ("Mel") Bruno (6th degree black belt) to organize and head up the SAC Judo and Physical Conditioning unit . So, in 1952 the SAC - ARDC Combatives Measures Program was born at Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska .
Since there were only a hand full of qualified Judo instructors, SAC then decided to train its own instructors by sending airmen with prior Judo experience to Japan's Kodokan Judo Institute for advanced training by the world's foremost experts. These airmen returned to instruct SAC airmen at the various bases. SAC also secured the services of ten of the highest ranking Judo experts from the Kodokan to visit the United States and tour SAC bases to give advanced training to airmen in Judo, karate, and police methods.
Judo in Omaha began during the early 1950s. Mike Meriweather taught at the YMCA and Dr. Ashida (at 22 one of the youngest 5th-degree black belts) taught at the University in Lincoln. Also, a number of black belts practiced judo at Offutt Air Force Base. Among the better known military judoka were Sgt. Mann, Augie Hauso, Phil Porter, Carl Flood, and La Verne Raab. The first commercial judo school, the Omaha Judo Academy, was opened by La Verne Raab and Carl Flood after they left the military. Mel Bruno, who later became head of judo for SAC, taught judo at the Omaha YWCA and at the Omaha Athletic Club. In the Governance of U.S. Judo the development of a national governing body for U.S. judo started in 1952 through the efforts of Dr. Henry A. Stone, Major Draeger, and others. At that time there was no national authority to give guidance to local judo communities and insure the logical and orderly development of judo as a sport. Additional information on the Electronic Journals of Martial Arts and Sciences . [ EJMAS, 2010].
SAC JUDO SOCIETY AND THE AMERICAN JUDO ASSOCIATION
In 1953 the U.S. Air Force invited judo, karate, and aikido experts from Japan to give demonstrations at many Air Force Bases over the United States . One purpose of this tour was to train judo instructors and combat crews to give exhibitions on and off base. A demonstration was also setup at the White House marking a millstone in Judo development in America . The SAC Judo Society was created and became a chartered black belt organization under the Kodokan. The Amateur Judo Association (AJA) was also created for the purpose of bringing together the various judo organizations in the US under one roof. Also, during 1953, the first National AAU Judo tournament was held at San Jose State College and the SAC team was invited to participate.
The Amateur Judo Association was a first attempt at establishing a national governing structure. Dr. Stone served as the first president. Authority to grant the most coveted Kodokan judo rank was assumed by the national organization. High ranking individuals were no longer permitted to grant promotions independently. The growth of local judo organizations was encouraged, promotion privileges were granted to yudanshakai, and a national communications avenue was opened.
SAC JUDO SOCIETY AND THE JUDO BLACK BELT FEDERATION
In 1954, the first SAC Judo Tournament was held at Offutt AFB. The Grand Champion was Airman Morris Curtis. Two SAC judoists advanced to the last few rounds in the 1954 AAU National Championships at Kezar Stadium, San Francisco . The 12-man, SAC team won 29 rounds and lost 19 but was unable to place a man. Staff Sgt. Ed Maley, SAC, a member of the 1955 SAC Judo Team, placed in the 1955 AAU National championships-third in the 150-lb division. The Air Research and Development Command, USAD (ARDC), also entered a team in 1955, after only a year of competition, and A/1 C Vern Raab won an unofficial fourth place in the heavyweight division.
SAC sent 26 Air Police went to the Kodokan to study judo fourteen weeks. The curriculum consisted of police tactics, aikido, karate and judo. Also, that same years SAC brought S. Kotani and T. Otaki to the US to help conduct the first SAC tournament and to coach the SAC judo team. A 10-man, AAU-Air Force team visited six Japanese cities to compete in 16 contests. Five members of the team were Air Force, and the most successful member of the team was to be heard from many times in the future. This man, Staff Sgt. George Harris, won all of his 16 contests.
In 1955 the AJA changed its name to Judo Black Belt Federation (JBBF) to recognize its role as a national federation of local yudanshakai (black belt associations). During this time the JBBF controlled judo ranking and the Amateur Athletics Union (AAU) oversaw the amateur aspects of the sport. Then in 1963 the JBBF began using the name US Judo Federation for its business purposes.
Under the guidance of Gen. Power (ARDC Commander) the SAC Judo Society received recognition from the Kodokan in 1956. Emilio Bruno was elected president and the association was permitted to grant judo rank. This was the first and only Armed Forces judo association to be so recognized by the Kodokan. SAC and ARDC sent 280 Air Policemen for four-week classes at the Kodokan during 1956.
In 1957, after only five years in judo, Staff Sgt. George Harris won the Grand Championship in the National AAU Judo Championships in Hawaii . Harris was first in the heavyweight division; sweeping the division with him were A/1 C Lenwood Williams in second place and A/2C Ed Mede, third. The Air Force also took the National 5-Man Team Championship for the first time. Winners of the SAC and ARDC tournaments represented the Air Force in the AAU tournaments on April 13 and 14 in Chicago . Twelve Air Force judoists participated, with George Harris successfully defending his Grand Championship, and the Air Force team captured the National 5-Man Team Championship for the second year in a row. Due to the great power of southern California in the lower weight divisions, the Air Force was unable to win the overall team championship.
In 1957 the Second Air Force held its championship tournament in Austin, Texas and invited Roy H. (“Pop”) Moore to officiate the tournament. Pop decided to stay and the Austin Judo Club opened its doors; with the help of Col. Walthrop, Beverly Sheffieid, from the Austin Recreation Department and a young competitor, Jerry Reid, from Bergstrom Air Force Base.
Meanwhile the SAC Judo Society was also changing and developing. In 1958 the society became the Subsequently it was renamed the Strategic Air Command Judo Association (SACJA), then SAC-ARDC Judo Society and shortly there after to the SAC-ARDC Judo Society. Originally SACJA was created for service active-duty military personnel and their dependents. This also included civilian personnel who worked for the Air Force and eventually members who left the Air Force would remain as members.
The SAC Judo Team, consisting of L. Williams, E. Mede, G. Harris, J. Reid, R. Moxley, and M. O'Connor (trainer) was designated as the U.S. Pan-American Judo Team in 1958. Team members won first and fourth in the 3rd dan category (Harris and Williams), third in the 2nd dan (Reid), and second in the 1st dan (Mede). In the fall of 1958, George Harris and Ed Mede represented the U.S. in the 2nd World Tournament, held in Tokyo. Harris's three wins before losing to Sone, a Japanese 5th degree, placed him in a tie for fifth place along with the four other defeated quarter finalists. As a result of this fine record, George Harris was promoted to 4th degree in judo, the first Armed Forces man to be so honored. By then Judo was only loosely organized into groups within Air Force Commands. Soon these groups formed a larger body to encompass the entire U.S Air Force and looked for someone to command the associations.
With the addition of members such as Bill Nagase and Sam Numahiri in Fort Worth, Karl Geis and Rick Landers in Houston, and Rick Mertens in Shreveport , the Southwestern U.S. Judo Association came into being. The association annexed small areas out of several yudanshakais and covered the states of Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico . In 1959 the Southwestern U.S. Championships were held in Austin, TX with over 300 competitors attending. In the late 1950s Bill Nagase and Gail Stolzenburg competed in the National AAU Senior Judo Championships.
In 1958 the name was again changed to the Air Force Judo Association (AFJA). The growth of judo and the AFJA was so rapid in the services that in 1961 the AFJA became the Armed Forces Judo Association (AFJA). This organization governed judo in all branches of the US military. However as the AFJA grew, problems between it and the JBBF developed when the JBBF would not give the association equal representation in the federation, even though at one time its membership was larger than the JBBF.
The military people did not get involved in civilian judo until about 1958. Around 1960, Darrell Darling, Phil Porter, Paul Own, Wally Barber, who was director of the local YMCA, and Mike Manly met at Dr. Ashida's house and decided to form a yudanshakai. They framed a constitution and made contacts with the yudanshakai officers in Chicago and Denver to implement the project. In the autumn of 1961 the yudanshakai, which covered the greater part of six states, was formed and became Armed Forces Judo Association (AFJA).
In 1962 the International Judo Federation was formed and became the governing body for judo internationally. The Air Forces Association, as the JBBF referred to the AFJA, in April 1962 expanded to include all branches of the services, i.e., the Navy/Marine Judo Association and the Army Judo Association and the name was changed to the Armed Forces Judo Association (AJFA). An eight-man Armed Forces Judo team from Kanto Base Command Tokyo won third place in the Tama Games in
THE UNITED STATES JUDO ASSOCIATION
The founding of the USJA was in 1968 by a group of experienced Judoists who met is a Chicago hotel room. Attending that meeting were George Bass, Robey Reed, Jim Bregman, Phil Porter, George Harris, Rick Mertens, and Karl Geis. In 1969 the differences and positions that had been fought out at the meetings finally culminated in one of the yudanshakai (the Armed Forces Judo Association) withdrawing from the U.S. Judo Federation to start a rival national organization. The Armed Forces Judo Association adopted a name similar to that of the parent organization, the United States Judo Association (USJA) . The association closely aligned itself with the philosophy and position of the Amateur Athletic Union. Eventually, as a result of a court case, the USJA was granted the same rights as USJF to award Judo ranks. The AAU was later replaced by the United States Judo Incorporated (USJI) as the governing body for Judo in the US, and both the USJF and USJA are equal organizational members.
Since its inception the USJA has become the leader for American judo. Phil Porter developed a ranking system that has become a model for American Judo. Jim Bregman and Ben Campbell [both 1964 US Olympians] pioneered the summer camp movement. During the early 70s, Camp Olympus was the technical center for American Judo.
In the United States, the USJI along with USJA and USJF are the governing bodies for judo. There are other organizations such as the Dai-Nippon Seibu-kan Budol Bugei-Kai, the American Society of Classical Judoka (ASCJ), and the Eastern Collegiate Judo Association.
Additional History: Some words of wisdom from the late Rick Mertens, former USJA Executive Secretary.
Electronic Journals of Martial Arts and Sciences (EJMAS), http://ejmas.com/ | <urn:uuid:4e684ac9-98d1-49f5-97fc-00beb7e16c1c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.alpo-astronomy.org/jbeish/USJA_HISTORY.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.967835 | 3,415 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Many works of lipstick art only show the cosmetic itself. These works are often whimsical in execution and are considered some of the more graphic pop art prints available to modern audiences. These cosmetic pictures show a variety of make-up, as seen in the lipstick prints, 'Makeup Bag II' by Gregory Gorham and 'Powder' by Kathy Middlebrook.
Lipstick art was created during the modern art movement and because of the social ramifications and popularity of this form of cosmetic, pop art prints have explored it thoroughly. These glamorous illustrations portray a variety of vogue images that were popular throughout the years. Pop art prints like 'Beehive' by Shari Warren and 'Haute Chapeau Rouge II' by Marco Fabiano are examples of how these vogue images can be translated in unique ways, as well as how pop art prints can display the beautification of women in radically different lights. | <urn:uuid:e326b0d4-ae4b-498d-9e31-5c558b01ec62> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.fulcrumgallery.com/c37874/lipstick-art.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00503-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964198 | 185 | 1.59375 | 2 |
LIVING IN THE LIGHT AS LIGHT (GENESIS 1:1-5, 1John 1:5-6)
As we begin this study of Living in the light as light, we begin with two precepts. First we begin with light as the substance that illuminates the world. Second we come into the knowledge and understanding as to whom and what the substance that illuminates the world is.
Let me give you a working definition of the word light; it is something that makes things visible are affords illuminations. In Physics it is also called, luminous energy, radiant energy. electromagnetic radiation to which the organs of sight react, ranging in wavelength from about 400 to 700 nm and propagated at a speed of 186,282 mi./sec (299,972 km/sec), considered variously as a wave, corpuscular, or quantum phenomenon.
The state of being visible, exposed to view, or revealed to public notice or knowledge; limelight: Stardom has placed her in the light. A person who is an outstanding leader, celebrity, or example; luminary: He became one of the leading lights of Restoration drama. A gleam or sparkle, as in the eyes. A measure or supply of light; illumination: The wall cuts off our light, Spiritual illumination or awareness; enlightenment.
Now let us look at just how this light came into its existence. In order to do so let’s begin with Genesis 1:1-5 (Amplified Bible) 1IN THE beginning God (prepared, formed, fashioned, and) created the heavens and the earth.(A)
2The earth was without form and an empty waste, and darkness was upon the face of the very great deep. The Spirit of God was moving (hovering, brooding) over the face of the waters.
3And God said, Let there be light; and there was light. This had to be one of the most profound moments in the history of the universe. God spoke the word, “LET” and let went into action. It did not waste any time. It obeys the master’s command. Did just what it was told to do and lit up the entire universe.
This was the very moment in time that any form of light existed upon the earth. Do not allow your mind to become confused with the establishment of the sun, moon, and stars on the fourth day. You see it was not until the fourth day that the Lord set the sun, moon, and stars in the heavens as light bearers and as means for establishing a calendar.
4And God saw that the light was good (suitable, pleasant) and He approved it; and God separated the light from the darkness.(B)
5And God called the light Day, and the darkness He called Night. And there was evening and there was morning, one day.
Now the entire universe has experienced the awesome power and beauty of this light that shines forever to provide us with the light of a loving God who allows His marvelous light to light up the entire universe.
Now we can stand and tell the world that we are living in that light and that same light is reflecting from us to all that see us. We are truly that marvelous light and in us that believe, there exist no darkness.
In our second precept, we stated that we would come into the knowledge and full understanding as to whom and what the substance that illuminates the world is. In order for us to do that, let us take a compelling look at the life of Jesus, the son of God who became the living light.
6[So] if we say we are partakers together and enjoy fellowship with Him when we live and move and are walking about in darkness, we are [both] speaking falsely and do not live and practice the Truth [which the Gospel presents]. (1 John 1:5-6) (AMP)
When Jesus was on earth, his divine life illuminated the inner lives of his followers. Everywhere he was present, he gave light. This light penetrated people, exposing their sin and revealing divine truth. No one could come into contact with Jesus without being enlightened.
God is light; He is the light of the world. For so many of us, we have taken this light for granted. When we awaken each day, we believe that this light will always be there without ever giving it a second thought of how it got there and how it remains there for our lives to exist from.
Let us reflect upon this thought for a moment; Light enables people to do their work. It produces growth in crops; it reveals beauty and provides safety. Light represents what is good, pure, true, holy, and reliable. Light reveals; light shines. God is so completely “light” that there is no darkness in him at all. “Darkness” represents what is sinful and evil. God is untainted by any evil or sin. Thus “God is light” means that God is perfectly holy and true and that he alone can guide people out of the darkness of sin.
While “light” have many connotations, this reference points specifically to God’s purity. Therefore, those who claim to have fellowship with God are living in God’s light, trying to live holy and pure lives for him. To claim to belong to God but then to go on living in spiritual darkness is hypocritical. Christ will expose and judge such deceit.
Now let’s for a moment take a close look at how John confronted the first of three claims of the false teachers. When you open your bibles to (1 John 1:8 then to 1 John 1:10), you will see that John was exposing the false teachers who said that people can have fellowship with God and still walk in sin. False teachers who thought that the physical body was evil or worthless taught one of two approaches to behavior; either they insisted on denying bodily desires through rigid discipline, or they approved of gratifying every physical lust because the body was going to be destroyed anyway. Here John was stating that no one can claim to be a Christian and still live in evil and immorality.
Those who claim to follow the Son must be living in the light of God’s presence. They must be illumined by the truth of God’s character. To “live in the light” requires constant contact with God and no tolerance for dishonesty, hypocrisy, or sin. Living in the light comes from continuous effort to take on Christ’s qualities. This involves complete transformation from within.
Living in the light leads to fellowship with each other. This fellowship among believers results from each believer’s having fellowship with God. True spirituality manifests itself in community fellowship. One cannot say that he or she communes with God and then refuse to commune with God’s people. Such was the case with some of the false teachers of John’s day, and this situation exists among false cults today. Often their followers and leaders claim to have special relationships with God, but they don’t affiliate with other believers. They stay isolated and withdraw from everyone else. John’s point is that the natural result of living in the light (in fellowship with God) should be joyful relationships with other Christians.
Another result of living in the light is that the blood of Jesus, his Son, cleanses us from every sin. John emphasized that the death of Christ saves people, not the false teachers’ knowledge. The verb cleanses also means “purifies.” Sin is not only forgiven, it is completely erased.
Now as we conclude this message, let us turn to (1 John 2:5-6) (AMP) and here we will close with a final thought on the word “Obedience.”
5But he who keeps (treasures) His Word [who bears in mind His precepts, who observes His message in its entirety], truly in him has the love of and for God been perfected (completed, reached maturity). By this we may perceive (know, recognize, and be sure) that we are in Him:
6Whoever says he abides in Him ought [as [a]a personal debt] to walk and conduct himself in the same way in which He walked and conducted Himself.
When we talk about Obedience it is linked not merely with knowing God but with loving him. Those who obey God’s word really do love him. By this obedience and love, believers can know that they live in him. They are living in the light. Jesus portrayed in human terms absolute obedience to the Father. Anyone who wonders how to obey God can look at Jesus. Those who truly desire to live in God should live their lives as Christ did. To “live as Christ did” doesn’t mean choosing twelve disciples, performing great miracles, and being crucified. People cannot merely copy Christ’s life. Much of what Jesus did had to do with his identity as God’s Son and his special role in dying for sin. Anyone’s claim to live in Christ must be backed up by following his example of complete obedience to God and loving service to people. Then you can truly say that you are living in the light and your life is reflecting that light. Therefore, in you there is no darkness, no evil exist nowhere in your life. You are a walking, talking living example of Christ.
Now let me close with this final thought for each one of you who have taken the time to read this entire lesson and the many lessons we teach here daily, “Think globally, and work locally. Looking beyond ourselves in the real and on line world, to reach out to others who might be in need, for we all are truly our Brothers Keeper, salvation is FREE for the asking. If you have not received the saving grace of God, take a moment wherever you may be, and ask the Lord to come into your heart. Ask Him to forgive you of your sins, and if you have spoken these few simple words in truth, you are saved, and you now have eternal life. May the grace of God abide in you now and forever, Amen. I remain your brother in Christ, Pastor Davis/Master Teacher | <urn:uuid:0053a2b5-4882-4f2b-9b3b-2cad8fd3626b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://vineandbranchworldministries.com/2011/08/06/todays-message-living-in-the-light-as-light/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720153.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00323-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965797 | 2,130 | 2.03125 | 2 |
The airport's operator, BAA, also said its North Atlantic traffic fell by more than 31% in the aftermath of the attacks, with long distance traffic down more than 16%. There was little sign of recovery. 'The North Atlantic and certain other long haul markets continue to be worst affected by the terrorist attacks of 11 September,' BAA said.
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Demand for air travel, particularly on transatlantic routes, has slumped since hijacked passenger jets slammed into the World Trade Centre and the Pentagon, killing more than 4,500 people. Fear of flying, combined with a global economic slowdown, are causing people to cancel holidays or business trips.Reuse content | <urn:uuid:6f0f1306-71ab-4b26-952b-075524cebe38> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.standard.co.uk/news/heathrow-traffic-plunges-by-20-6347723.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718285.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00106-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957984 | 200 | 1.875 | 2 |
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