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Pict Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment (Pdq®)—Patient Version inside Stage 4 Metastatic Lung Cancer
Article Related to Stage 4 Metastatic Lung Cancer :
What Are Lung Cancer Stages – stage 4 metastatic lung cancer
Disease of the lung is separated by cell sort, expanse and action. Specialists apply the arrangement of lung malignancy stagecoaches after a advance of testing to decide tumor width, metastasis and association of the lymph hub. The framework is ordinarily used to ordering non-little cell ailments in the lungs and not the little cadre sorting( SCLC .) Small cell proliferations are associated with metastasis when analyzed and considered broad or restricted.
When consultants assert the vicinity of lung tumor, measuring starts. Material evaluations can be acquired through a needle biopsy embedded through the mid-section and into the lungs. A bronchoscopy plan could be utilized to see the aviation itineraries and recover exams too. A third procedure called mediastinoscopy is to be used to attitude and glean experiments from a lymph centre in the mid-section.
Doctors investigate this information to add to a guess and route of care for the patient. Predicts incorporate survival without illness, general survival or stress a risk of repeating disease.
TNM remains for tumor, lymph hubs and metastasis. The T speaks to the tumors width and “re starting” TX, new developments indistinguishable through imaging and checking invention. Taking after TX are T0,( no tumor ), Tis( in situ ), and T1-T4. One through four identify with the immensity in centimeters. T1 is 3 cm or less, and is not criticizing the primary bronchus. T2 is more noteworthy than 3 cm and is developing into the key areas of the lungs.
T3 suggests a tumor of any measurement which has attacked the mass of the mid-section, the tummy, pleural cavity or the relevant principles root bronchus. This assignment places the patient at jeopardy for lung impurities or different complexities. A T4 tumor has developed into the heart or substantial vessels and conduits furnishing it. It can likewise aim development in the major aviation superhighways, of any size.
Specialists implement the TNM framework to choose the stage the ailment falls into. Stagecoach 1a and 1b are early stages with the best predict. They allude to a T1 tumor with no lymph hub association or metastasis. Stage 2a and 2b can demonstrate lymph hub are included, nonetheless for the most constituent no metastasis. As the stages progress in digit, the guess is by and large poorer. | <urn:uuid:91fa068e-74c5-4ae0-b20a-e20d59bb8647> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://popcultureworldnews.com/lung-cancer/stage-4-metastatic-lung-cancer | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.895429 | 557 | 2.296875 | 2 |
In electrical systems and various industrial applications, contactors are used to remotely switch electrical power. The coil-actuated switch operates exactly like a relay, but a contactor typically handles higher amperes in the switch mechanism itself. The contactor coils are designed to be able to cope with continuous duty. Typically the contacts, two each to a switch, are identified as the line and terminal. The line, or L, is the voltage feed, and the terminal, or T, is connected to the electrical device being controlled. The operation of the contactor takes place due to energizing and de-energizing of the contactor coil. Thus, it is crucial to measure the resistance of the contactor coil at the time of manufacturing of the contactor.
Contactors are normally energized for very long periods, sometimes weeks or months continuously. Therefore it is very important to ensure that ambient temperatures inside their enclosures are maintained within specified levels. Hence, measurement of resistance of the contactor coil and ensuring its value to be within specified limits becomes essential during manufacturing of contactor.
Tap position transducer Rish Con TPT converts resistance to proportional analogue output signal. The contactor coil is placed on the conveyor, mounted with Hydraulic Jigs as shown in the picture below. The resistance of the coil is measured from its terminals through the Hydraulic Jigs. This measured resistance is provided to the input terminal of Rish Con TPT. The range of Rish TPT taken as 0-500Ω & 0–25 KΩ. The output from Rish Con TPT is taken out as 4-20 mA DC. Outputs can be given as input to either RTU or indicator or recording instrument. In this case, the output is supplied to Rockwell PLC. The actual resistance value of the coil is measured with the reference value already fed in PLC. If this actual value is between lower and upper limits of reference resistance value, the contactor coil is considered ok. Otherwise, rejected by command received from PLC. Thus the coil is rejected and taken out with the help of hydraulic arrangement. While monitoring the resistance of the coil, it is mandatory that the real-time or time synchronized values are communicated by the Programmable Logic Control.
The block diagram below shows the operation of Rish Con TPT along with the PLC for measurement of Coil resistance and thus ensuring its within specified limits.
On-Load Tap Changer to Convert tap position of transformers to equivalent analog output.
- Real-time measuring quantity can be displayed through PLC
- Electrically isolated analog outputs prevent interference voltage and current. Solves grounding problems in meshed signal networks
- High electric isolation between input and output – 2.3 kV, and power supply versus all other circuits – 3.7 kV.
- Cost-effective solution
Tap position transducer – Rish Con TPT
Programmable input tap resistance(2/3/4 wire measurement) up to 25kOHM, converted to proportional 1 or 2 analog o/p signal either Idc or Vdc, with universal AC/DC aux and LED Display.
*also available in DIN Rail housing
- Input measuring range can be programmed using PC / Simplifies project planning and engineering (the final range can be determined during commissioning)
- Electrically isolated Dual outputs
- Analog output signal also programmed using the PC (impressed current or superimposed voltage for all ranges between – 20 and + 20 mA DC resp. – 12 and + 15 V DC)
- Galvanic and optical isolation between Power supply, Input and outputs
- 2 wire measurement with lead resistance compensation through software | <urn:uuid:39cbaea9-6e88-40a7-bab1-3a4f84a422f2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.rishabh.co.in/blog/2021/01/08/measurement-of-contactor-coil-resistance-using-rish-con-tpt/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.910393 | 778 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Below, is an excerpt from a letter, postmarked Jan 13, probably 1834 – a few months after the deaths of Horton and Hannah Howard in the Cholera epidemic. The letter is written by 20 yr old John Howard to his brother in law Samuel Forrer, and refers to John’s half brothers Henry (41,) Joseph (36,) and Horton Jr (30.) Samuel & John are trying to repair wounded feelings caused by settling the estate of the Howard parents. Horton’s will left everything to his wife, and Hannah died before creating a will to include her stepsons in sharing her estate.
“With regard to the divission of the property which thee mentions, I can say that as far as I am concerned I am perfectly well satisfied, indeed I would prefer that I should be place on an equality with them, – But I do not feel satisfied that the portions of my sisters should be divided in any such way. – I just now think of a plan which would be much more honorable, and one which cannot but be agreeable to Henry and Horton, it is this. Let my portion of my dear Mothers estate be given to brother Joseph. Joseph always was a good boy when he was at home, and when he was grown, he was still of use to Father, but, he was not more useful in his sphere, than were his sisters in theirs. Although I loved my parents as much as any of them, I have not been as useful as my sisters and Joseph have been, nor have Horton and Henry. Therefore, I think that if the property were divided in this way, making the three who were evidently the most deserving equal, that is giving Joseph my place, and making my portion equal to the of Henry and Horton, I think there would be no more trouble or hard feeling. Henry and Horton cannot think that they are equally deserving with their sisters and Joseph, or if they can, I know they are not, and I know I am not; and, therefore, shall not willingly give my assent to any other divission of the property than the one I have mentioned, or one which will leave the portion of my sisters untouched. Nothing gives me so much pain as to see the members of a family entertaining hard feeling toward each other, and I am sure this will be the case in ours unless this matter is arranged. | <urn:uuid:022ffdd4-28bc-4ccf-9ef4-4b3bf19db2bb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ellengtodd.com/wp/?p=188 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.989184 | 480 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Sunday, October 11th, 2020
Having travelled and lived in other countries where the boundaries between city and rural living blur consistently, I rather liked, at first, the notion that urban and suburban dwellers in the US might be allowed to start keeping chickens. For much of my life I was a city person, and so on a trip to Haiti and waking up in the heart of Port-au-Prince to the sound of a rooster crowing, I thought – of course, this is marvelous. Pigs and goats wandered the streets, and the mixture of life, if not entirely sanitary, was colorful. That is, of course, an entirely first-world way of looking at it. The truth is that in countries like Haiti, keeping animals is survival. I don’t know if they have zoning commissions in Haiti, but I sincerely doubt that HOAs have imposed their fascistic controls onto the quite poverty-stricken residents, to whom painting your house bright blue or orange is a creative statement, not one of rebellion against the requisite ecru.
In Cairo, Egypt, it wasn’t uncommon to see donkeys, camels, and even sheep walking along the city streets. Mind you, the donkeys and camels were working animals, and the sheep were headed to less glorious fates in restaurants. My landlord kept rabbits on the roof of our apartment building – also for food. But the jumble of lives did not disturb.
In Italy dogs accompany their owners into restaurants, shops, and onto trains. I don’t think there is a “pet fee”. Buses in Mexico often have livestock hitching a ride.
So when did America become such an anti-animal place? Oh, we love our pets. Everything-pet is a billion dollar industry in the United States. People will spend thousands of dollars on specialized veterinary care. But regulations for the presence of pets in polite society are strict. “Only service animals allowed.” “No pets.” “Pet fee for hotel stay, $30 and no animals over 40 pounds.” The message: keep your pets to yourself.
Then we have the meat-eating population, about 90%; for the most part they buy their meat wrapped in plastic, sold in large supermarkets. Many have never seen a cow or a pig or a chicken up close. Meat is a commodity; where is it cheapest? Back in early 2020 at the beginning of the Coronavirus epic people freaked out when there were limits in stores on how much meat one could purchase at a time. Costco didn’t have chicken for several months after the initial hoarding rush. I did hear that folks started trying to seek out farmers directly – well now, there is a start to connecting.
A quick aside: about 30 years ago I was working in suburban Virginia. Across the street from my office complex was a small Middle-Eastern store. I went there from time to time to pick up exotic spices and pita bread. One day the owner had just opened the large walk-in refrigerator. Hanging from a hook was an entire lamb, skinned. I gasped and turned away. He asked me, I think condescendingly, “don’t you eat meat, young lady?” I replied, “well yes, I do” (for I did at that time). “Then you ought to know where your meat is coming from.” He was right. I was one of those disconnected meat eaters, shocked at the sight of a hoof, a naked eye, a skinned body. Of dripping blood. Of the reality that hanging there is someone who was alive before; someone that was going to be chopped up into pieces and that someone else was going to eat. I lived at the time in a basement apartment in the city. I had no connections to farms. I’m not sure I’d ever been on a farm. So I was clueless. Utterly uneducated in the ways of ‘eating animals’. I mention this incident because I think it ties into the whole separateness in which we live in this country.
“But there is a really dark side to this backyard chicken keeping business: roosters.”
This is why I was happy when I learned that folks would be allowed to start keeping chickens. Hooray, people would learn about real animal smells, they would collect eggs, clean poop – become more connected. They would go to feed stores! They’d meet farmers! Maybe when they visited my farm they would not be upset at the sight of manure, at the natural smells animals produce. Maybe these chickens would be an entrée for them into appreciating farms. Maybe it would make them think more about what they eat and where it comes from. Maybe they’d stop and consider their options – for there are so many, besides eating the beasts who are shrink-wrapped in plastic with bar-codes for your shopping convenience.
I don’t know if any of this has happened. I’d like to think it has.
But there is a really dark side to this backyard chicken keeping business: roosters. Many people opt to buy “sex-linked” chickens – hybrid chickens who have been bred to have distinctive marks as chicks, thus allowing the breeder to select only females to ship off. But wait – statistically, 50% of chickens hatched, anywhere, are going to be boys. Right? So what happens to these sex-linked chickens who are unlucky enough to be male? I’m pretty sure this is not discussed in polite company or around family dinner tables. When people put in their online orders for chicks to come through the US postal services, they expect them to be girls. And then they end up with a rooster or three. What to do?
Any farmer would say to them, “put them in the pot.” Farmers are practical and have learned to just deal. Your run of the mill HOA official is going to say, “get rid of them immediately.” The suburban chicken keeper laments, “but I raised Fluffy from a baby – now what do I do?” What do they do? They call farm animal sanctuaries.
So here are animals who have been brought into the world with the hopes they would not be who they turn out to be. They are raised, loved, and then must be disposed of. It’s a hell of a bad proposition. And it brings to the fore the reality of animal husbandry that farmers have to deal with – on your behalf – daily. “Fluffies” are a luxury. But the real farmers don’t get called. We do.
In fact, we are bombarded by texts, calls, facebook messages, desperate emails, “please please take Fluffy. We’ll pay for his care, we’ll come to visit, we love him so much.” These requests come in every week, sometimes every day. I don’t know one single sanctuary who does not get them. And they make us feel bad. Really bad. Sometimes the cumulative effect is to make one want to just lie down in a dark room and never answer the phone again. Because here we are – the purported last refuge, the only thing preventing Fluffy from being someone’s dinner or being euthanized at the animal shelter. But we can’t. We already have roosters. Lots of them. Lots and lots of them. And while roosters can learn to get along, it’s a balance and bringing even one more in can upset the balance, resulting in fighting and bloodshed. Besides which, if we were to accept every ‘oopsie rooster’ we get asked to take, we’d have hundreds of them. How is this fair to anyone?
I don’t know what happens to these poor birds. I do know some of them end up at animal control, because we get those calls, too. I know there are some chicken-specific sanctuaries that can take some in. Sometimes you might find a farmer or two who will take a nice rooster, but most farmers will have one rooster to every dozen or so hens. The statistics don’t look good for those boys.
So what now? Those nice ideas about city and suburban folk getting closer to the land have backfired. Is the answer to petition to allow roosters in the neighborhoods? Well, I think so – a rooster crowing is a nicer sound than a barking dog, and dog barking is perfectly allowable in communities. But it won’t happen. It would be just too OBVIOUS that agriculture has invaded the pristine subdivisions. That isn’t why people live there.
I have no solutions to this problem. But I wish to ask those people who keep backyard chickens to do two things. First: be prepared for a rooster. Think in advance what you will do, and make arrangements. If you do not like the options available to you in this eventuality, then do not keep chickens; roosters will happen. Second, be kind to others. Know that your need to rid yourself of the unwanted crowing rooster puts a terrible strain on shelter and sanctuary workers.
It hurts us to say no.
“There are only so many times you can say no.”
― Bert McCoy | <urn:uuid:4f288565-bfab-4294-a326-b1c43d703847> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.stargazingfarm.org/the-problem-with-roosters/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.973692 | 1,974 | 1.695313 | 2 |
February 4, 2011 | Commentary on Iran
The WikiLeaks release of U.S. diplomatic cables was despicable. But it did, at least, demonstrate that even Muslim leaders believe Iran is an aggressive and ongoing sponsor of terrorism, must not be allowed to obtain nuclear weapons capability and cannot be trusted.
Those who have been skeptical of similar Western claims should heed the warnings of Arab leaders on Iran's sponsorship of terrorism.
Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak tells us that the Iranians are "sponsors of terrorism." And Kuwait's military intelligence chief told U.S. General David Petraeus that Iran was supporting extremist groups in Yemen.
We also now know that Jordanian officials have called for the Iranian nuclear program to be stopped by any means necessary to reduce the threat of a weapons program. And officials in the United Arab Emirates and Egypt have referred to the Iranian regime as "evil," and an "existential threat." Crown Prince bin Zayed of Abu Dhabi warned the U.S. and the world against appeasing the Iranian regime, even declaring, "Ahmadinejad is Hitler."
According to one cable, King Abdullah "frequently exhorted the U.S. to attack Iran to put an end to its nuclear weapons program." The Saudi ambassador to Washington, reporting on a 2008 meeting between King Abdullah and Petraeus, revealed that King Abdullah "told you to cut off the head of the snake."
Egypt's Mubarak cautioned the U.S. to be wary of Iranian leaders as negotiating partners, because "they are big, fat liars" Saudi King Abdullah told a U.S. diplomat: "The bottom line is that they (the Iranians) cannot be trusted."
It is possible to build a bipartisan, international strategy to prevent Iran from getting nuclear weapons. American leaders must discard their preconceptions and develop and implement a strategy that confronts reality:
1. The vast majority of Americans want a world where political and economic freedom, human rights and cultural and social tolerance are the norm.
2. Most nations can and should be viewed as partners in advancing these goals -- provided they see consistent, common-sense and bipartisan leadership from the United States.
3. However, there are movements and governments actively opposing enlightened international relations. Their goal is to oppress other people, and they understand that achieving that vision puts them in direct conflict with United States.
4. These forces are attempting to acquire weapons of mass destruction because they understand that such weapons empower them to accomplish their goals. They will not give up those attempts unless they believe the costs of pursuing them outweigh the substantial leverage gained by acquiring weapons.
As North Korea demonstrates, rogue regimes become more aggressive when they acquire nuclear weapons. Iran will be much worse than North Korea if it acquires such weapons. Iran is the world's chief sponsor of terrorism. The leaked cables show it is not trusted by any of its neighbors, regardless of their religion or government structure. The threat can still be deterred, but the world is running out of time, and nothing will be accomplished by wishful thinking about the nature of the Iranian regime.
Jim Talent is a Distinguished Fellow at The Heritage Foundation.
First appeared in The Springfield-News Leader | <urn:uuid:9bc4a66a-a4f3-4ed8-8b4b-bbbc9ce947e2> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.heritage.org/research/commentary/2011/02/leaks-illustrate-magnitude-of-irans-threatening-ways | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718285.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00106-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958758 | 644 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Welcome to the Fall/Winter 2013 Edition of The Electronic Journal For Inclusive Education. This edition promises an array of interesting research into inclusive education.
Dr. Madan and Dr. Sharma from Azim Prmji University and the University of Delhi discuss the newly accepted inclusive movement in India. Their focus is on individual elementary school efforts to implement inclusion at its very beginning efforts to include children with special needs.
Mr. MacKichan of the Strait Regional School and Dr. Mary Harkins of Mount Saint Vincent University in Nova Scotia, Canada provide insight into parent involvement in the development of individual educational plans in Canada. Using a guided interview format, they discuss four areas of concern for parents involved in IEP development.
Dr. Virginia Heslinga of Anna Maria College in Paxton, Massachutes shifts the focus of the journal to creating classroom environments that motivate students to remain in school and promote inclusive practice. Using the song Hero as a framework she explores the effect educators have on the environment of the classroom for students with special needs.
Dr. Nancy Turner of St. Mary’s College, Notre Dame, Indiana, investigates the use of bibliotherapy to prepare neurotypical peers to accept and work with students with Autism Spectrum Disorder. She emphasizes the use of this technique to implement Peer Mediated Instruction and Intervention within the inclusive classroom.
Continuing the discussion concerning serving students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Dr. Christopher B. Denning of the University of Massachusetts-Boston and Dr. Amelia K. Moody, of the University of North Carolina –Wilmington research the use of Universal Design for Learning as a framework for instructing student with ASD. This article provides some practical suggestions for instruction and promoting academic achievement for students with ASD.
Mr. Jeremy Ford from the University of Iowa discusses the mixed results regarding academic achievement for students with learning disabilities in inclusive classrooms. He suggests placement decisions should be made based on the skill levels of students and the resources available to the schools, thereby placing the student in the forefront of academic planning rather than in the forefront of an ideological belief.
Dr.’s Ewa McGrail and Alicja Rieger of Georgia State University and Valdosta State University discuss the recent scholarship on empathy, then link that to using comics literature to identify and change negative attitudes towards students with disabilities. The purpose of this article is to educate students concerning disability issues.
Each article provides an in-depth perspective concerning programming and instruction for students with disabilities in inclusive settings. I am delighted you are participating in the conversation concerning inclusive education as readers and hope you will join us as writers as you pursue your research agendas.
Dr. Patricia R. Renick, Ph. D.
Renick, P. R.
Electronic Journal for Inclusive Education, 3 | <urn:uuid:87672911-9a5d-4c3f-a795-803bc0f7968f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/ejie/vol3/iss1/1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00093-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.910744 | 568 | 2.625 | 3 |
We tend to forget it now, and so do they, but the Republican Party was born in protest. The political expression of the Northern revulsion against the Dred Scott decision, the GOP embodied an aggressive nationalism that helped to usher America into the modern era. For some time now, there has been a civil war within the GOP over immigration between those who viewed immigrants as an asset to be maximized versus those who saw it as a problem to be controlled. There are historical antecents for both camps. The pro-side can look back to Theodore Roosevelt, the first modern Republican president who was an outspoken advocate for the immigrant masses of the early 20th century while the nativist wing finds their ancestral justification in 1924 Immigration Act whose purpose and effect was to go back to the America of 1890 before the tsunami of Jewish and Catholic migration.
More recently, it seemed as if the "compassionate conservative" advocates would win. President Ronald Reagan signed the IRCA amnesty into law; President George H.W.Bush signed the Immigration Act of 1990 that tripled the number of employment-based immigrant visas; President George W. Bush was the first President to speak in favor of immigration reform in a nationally televised address from the Oval Office. Wait, there is more. Remember Senator Orrin Hatch who introduced an earlier version of the Dream Act or Senator John McCain who crossed the aisle to work with the late Senator Edward Kennedy to bring about comprehensive immigration change ?
No longer. As the economy deteriorated, the housing market collapsed, unemployment soared, banks stopped lending, and Wall Street stood on the precipice of ruin, the vision, compassion and courage necessary to embrace an enlightened immigration policy vanished. In its place came cries to "take our country back!" . Now that is an odd phrase- back from whom? Fear and loathing stalked the halls of Congress- defund the USCIS; safeguard the border; resist any attempt to bring the undocumented in from the shadows. These are the rallying cries of America in the age of the Tea Party uprising. Only those who go hard right can survive. The same McCain who once proudly claimed pride of authorship for CIR made television commercials in his desperate and successful effort to turn back the primary challenge of radio talk show host J.D.Hayworth that featured the repentant reformer telling his law enforcement buddies that Uncle Sam had to hurry up and "build the dang fence!" Robert Bennett who had been known for decades as one of Utah's most celebrated conservatives did not go hard right enough and he paid for his moderation by losing a primary challenge to the insurgent Mike Lee who coasted to a general election win. How about Orrin Hatch?The passionate avatar of the Dream Act now votes against his own creation.
Whatever the merits of any immigration proposal might be, the political realities now in the ascendancy are such that few, if any, Republican legislators in Congress will be foolhardy enough to vote for it, knowing that, if they do, a Tea Party primary challenge will most certainly await them at the next election cycle. Senator Lindsey Graham who sought to cobble together a bipartisan Senate consensus in favor of CIR faces precisely this uncertain fate in 2012; conscience on Capitol Hill may be precusor to a long winter in South Carolina.
In the short run, the victors in this internecine party warfare , may reap a political dividend but, over time, this is a formula for impotence and minority status. Just as the GOP won during the Roaring Twenties by closing the Golden Door through a national origins quota, the children and grandchildren of these despised immigrant newcomers turned against the Party of Lincoln and formed the bulwark of a New Deal coalition that won 5 straight presidential elections. The GOP is now repeating their historic mistake by alienating the fastest growing voting bloc in the nation. Will they pay a cost for their folly? Yes, but only if President Obama and the Democratic Party realize that forthright advocacy of immigration reform is not only good policy but winning politics Whoever captures the allegiance of the Spanish-speaking electorate will become the majority governing party for decades to come. If you doubt this, ask Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid whose unlikely survival was made possible through union ground troops and Hispanic voters. Joe the Plumber may sing the siren song of nativism, but America is becoming less male and less white. If the Republicans want to win,they cannot afford to throw away the electoral votes of California, Arizona, Florida,New Mexico,Colorado and Nevada. Do that and you are no longer a national party, limited to a regional redoubt in the South and inner mountain West. Even Texas, a solidly Red state where, save for isolated pockets of Democratic resistance, has now joined California as a majority-minority status. Write this down neighbor: Texas goes Democratic in two generations as more voters in the Rio Grande Valley exercise the franchise.
You know the funny thing? The Republicans do not know they have a problem and the Democrats do not see their opportunity. Stay tuned. | <urn:uuid:218f2327-467e-433c-b64f-4b36db675f7a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ilw.com/articles/2011,0307-endelman.shtm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00014-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96191 | 1,016 | 2.578125 | 3 |
AMPLIFIED SENSOR CIRCUIT
The circuit uses an comparator to compare the value detected and ouput logic ‘1’ or ‘0’ or ON and OFF.
We use an IR LED which will emit Infrared light and it will be reflected by the surface. The detector acts as a variable resistor whose value depends on the intensity of light falling on its surface. The higher the intensity, the lower is the resistance of the detector. The detector and R2 act as a potential divider. When the intensity is high (reflected from white surface), the resistance of detector is low and so the value of the potential is high. Similarly when the intensity is low (reflected from black surface), the resistance of the detector is high and so the potential is low.
This potential is compared with a reference potential. The reference can be varied by the potentiometer (pot). Calibration is required. You have to record potentials of the white as well as black surface and then find their ranges. According these potentials ten set the reference so that for white surface output is .high and for white black surface output is low.
An LED can also be used as a visual detector so that you can see whether the surface is black or white.
R3 resistor prevents excessive current to pass through the LED. The value of the resistor depends on the size and the colour of the LED. More the diameter of the LED , more is the current it will sink in. R1 should be chosen according to the LED. Usually for 3mm Red LED and 5V supply 330Ω is enough. R2 should be larger then the maximum resistance of the detector.
THINGS TO NOTE:
- The LED and detector have very narrow emission and detection angles, so keep them close so that the circuit functions properly.
- Metallic or glossy surfaces reflect more tend to reflect more light, so make sure you calibrate the device properly.
- Many objects are opaque to visible light (that means light doesn't pass through it, like wood, black plastic, metal), but are transparent to IR light.
- If you work in the sunlight make sure it doesn’t interfere with the function of the circuit. Usually sensors placed below the body of the robot are the least affected by it.
- Depending on resistor values, your IR circuit can be tweaked to better detect color instead of distance. | <urn:uuid:3c7b85fe-3477-460e-8809-5139956ac656> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://whackywhizzers.blogspot.com/2007/09/ir-sensors.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00132-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.906204 | 497 | 3.78125 | 4 |
A grocery store, or a Épicerie, is a local food retailer but also distributes a variety of products unrelated to food. Grocery stores are considered a canonical example of petty-bourgeois operations, widely found in big cities or villages. The grocery store is also, since the advent of mass distribution, a sector of activity linked to the large distribution purchase of dry and canned foodstuffs and their sales within a store or a central purchasing office.
These local food stores play an important social role in the urban landscape. Most offer basic necessities, as well as fresh fruits and vegetables. Service and availability, wide working hours, allow the “Épicerie” neighborhood grocer to resist the pressure of large retailers. Whether cataloged as fine, neighborhood, Italian or Japanese, grocery stores have acquired a special place in the daily life of the French. Thanks to a wide range of dry and fresh products that allow you to create moments of sharing around a drink or a table, grocery stores are on the rise.
In Paris, Faced with a highly competitive market environment, grocery stores often have their own competitive advantages. Grocery stores offer a broader or exclusive assortment of goods than chain-operated convenience stores. More items to suit Parisian tastes can always be found here, showing the grocery store’s more flexible operating flexibility. Grocery stores know how to reflect the unique appetites of Parisians, for example, some grocery stores sell home-made flavored specialties, or condiments from their own purchase channels, or even It is its own agricultural products.
High-end grocers and food shops seduce the eyes and the taste buds. In Paris, gastronomy is always in the spotlight thanks to renowned artisans, chefs and producers. Some grocery store is also a food shops operated by small producers, offers delicatessens full of high-quality food products. Ordinary things (cheese), little luxuries (caviar, foie gras), and regional specialities, dry grocery (mustards, preserves, spices), sweets (chocolates, biscuits, honey) but also smoked salmon or charcutaille, wine, precious alcohols, exceptional teas and coffees…
The name “Épicerie” comes from the Middle Ages where the grocer trade specialization was mainly sold spices. Since 19th century, grocery stores have become small food retail outlets in addition to spices. Then, the grocery store was transformed, and the food offer became predominant. It has become a business, also called a “general food store”, selling fresh, frozen, dry and canned food products, and a limited range of drugstore and bazaar products.
Originally present in the form of an independent trade, the grocery store also appeared at the end of the 19th century organized in a branch network such as the network of stores under the Félix Potin brand in France, or in the form of a cooperative. of consumption, a movement initiated by Robert Owen, in Scotland (United Kingdom) and continued by the Coops in many European countries.
During the 20th century, with the development of the food industry, pre-packaged products gradually replaced bulk products which were packaged by the merchant. The concept had been inaugurated by French branch stores, from the end of the 19th century, possessing their industrial tool such as Félix Potin or Casino, which, for example, offered sugar packaged in a one-kilogram packet marked with the name of their brand.
In the second half of the 20th century, the grocery store gradually abandoned its “counter” to convert to self-service, a concept born around 1912 in the United States, where customers served themselves directly on the gondolas. In the cities like paris, the grocery store sometimes turns to a clientele concerned with high taste quality and sometimes also socially fair and specializes in the sale of farm or artisanal food products. This grocery store will then adopt a compound name: “delicatessen”.
“General food stores” have gradually been replaced in large urban centers by small supermarkets which are called by various names (supermarket, hard-discount, proxies / proxies). These establishments are generally grouped together under a common brand by joining a central purchasing office independently in the form of a franchise or cooperative, or belonging to a single company. From being the main trade, the independent neighborhood grocery stores, having not evolved into sales areas, have gradually been transformed into secondary trade due to competition from more spacious stores and offering a wider range of products with a “policy tariff” more “aggressive”.
Some 20 grocery stores in Paris still open at late night, however, the specific business hours are slightly different. It all depends on the time of year and the time of week: weekends and summer are prime times as grocers achieve their best numbers there. A prefectural decree prohibits the sale of alcohol in Paris after a certain hour according to a zoning by district. Grocery stores therefore often close after the time limit for selling alcohol in their area.
For those grocery store open late at night, but the prices are generally high, insofar as they are not always observed, it happens that this type of grocery store proves to be competitive with the large local brands (supermarkets or hypermarkets), while remaining more expensive than the hard-discount. Customers using these stores for their usual shopping are rare, but many city dwellers, who appreciate finding a convenience store in their neighborhood open late at night and on public holidays, regularly shop there.
Grocery stores and high-end food shops spread across the city. Among the international pastry specialists, we find Pierre Hermé, Ladurée or Philippe Conticini. A true goldsmith of sorbets and ice creams, Martine Lambert offers top-of-the-range products without colorings or preservatives. As for the G. Detou grocery store, its pistachios, ground almonds, pine nuts and other chocolate bars are ordered directly from the producers.
In department stores, Printemps du Goût, La Grande Épicerie de Paris and Lafayette Gourmet offer a wide and very international choice, while paying attention to quality. In the 9th arrondissement, Causses is both a grocery store and a deli with soups, salads and sandwiches.
Licon is a Parisian startup incubated at Paris & Co that reinvents traditional confectionery through form and taste. We create high-end artisanal lollipops in the shape of sculptures and historical figures and we associate them with contemporary flavors in the spirit of mixology. Our products break down the barriers between a work of art and the public in order to democratize culture. The icon is a quality, affordable souvenir with strong symbolic value.
Native Delicatessen is a delicatessen of art and rare products from the First Nations of the Americas, Europe, Australia and Japan. Here you will find Macadamia oil from Australia, wild berry jams, smoked wild salmon glazed with ice wine, chilli jellies, organic mate from Argentina etc… For the pleasure of traveling without leaving and discover products only represented in this tiny shop.
Printemps du Goût
Jules Jaluzot has always wanted people to perceive his Printemps department store as a large market where “everything is new, fresh and pretty, like the title Au Printemps”. 150 years later, the spirit of this genius still inspires Printemps Haussmann. So welcome to all gourmands and gourmets, fine mouths and fine mouths, budding or confirmed gourmets. Printemps du Goût has traveled all over France, meeting craftsmen as passionate as they are fascinating, to share with customers the original as well as the essential, the delicate as well as the delectable. From fresh produce to delicatessen essentials.
The only guide to Printemps du Goût: the love of French terroir and the taste of the real thing. “The delicatessen” or the best of French craftsmanship over 900 m². Among the iconic products, those from the Maison du Chocolat, truffles from Maison Balme, caviar and smoked salmon from Byzantium. Always to seduce Foodistas, the Reine Mer, Supernature, Regain and Laurent Dubois meet with the roasters of the Lomi house. Also come and dig into all the families of 100% French products: jams and honey, confectionery and chocolates, land and sea, vegetables and salted crisps, soups and sauces, breakfast and cakes, oils and vinegars, salt, pepper and spices, mustards and confits, sugars, teas and coffees.
Paris Porto for its small tubs of pastel de nata ice cream or fig yoghurt and its typically Portuguese Compal fruit juices. Paris Porto, a small grocery store run by two sisters, also offers some sweets to taste on the spot.
Le Boulanger de la Tour
The mistress of the House, the Tour baguette is – like all the breads – made in our workshop in front of the customers, with natural sourdough made from apples, flours from the Moulins Familiaux produced in Ile-de-France and from 100% French wheat. Between this search for authenticity and excellence, its craftsmanship, its warm welcome and this showcase of delicacies where you will discover breads, pastries and pastries, the Boulanger de la Tour, official bread supplier for the restaurant, has become a place of life where passing gourmets and local regulars meet.
RAP Alessandra Pierini offers much more than exceptional products to whoever walks into her grocery store. His welcome and his knowledge of Italian terroirs make this place a must in Paris.
La Petite Epicerie
La Petite Epicerie de la Tour opened its doors at number 13, next to the Tour d’Argent. A place where you will find all the essentials of everyday life, from wines to sweet groceries (jams, spreads, biscuits, rum babas…), to savory groceries (vinegars, olives, terrines, foie gras, sauces, salts…) the exclusive recipes of Chef Yannick Franques, but also a brand new dairy offer: butter, eggs, milk, organic cheeses from small producers unearthed in Ile de France, in particular the Ferme Sainte Colombe or Domaine de la Chalotterie. Added to this are seasonal vegetables grown and harvested in Ile de France as well as a very wide selection of products sold at retail, in bulk or in jars such as: teas and coffees from the Brûlerie des Gobelins,
This Italian grocery store, once open only to professionals, offers raw products (sometimes packaged in large quantities) such as hazelnuts from Piedmont and tasty dried figs. Also to take away: Burratas, mozzarellas, oils, pasta etc…
Ladurée Royale, the Mother House since 1862. This tea room created in 1862, decorated with simply restored wood paneling and original frescoes, sees pastry angels and gourmet muses flourish on its ceilings. The menu, which changes with the seasons, offers simple and tasty cuisine, which has always made the reputation of the House. Fans come here to taste the best macaroons in Paris, filled croissants and sweets from Ladurée’s great pastry tradition.
Capri Bazar Italian grocery store and caterer. The essentials: their fresh or dry pasta.
Lafayette Maison & Gourmet
To delight your taste buds or do some gourmet shopping, Le Magasin Gourmet showcases small dishes and great dishes, delicious French local products and specialties from the big Houses. The best of gastronomy for your daily shopping and for exceptional gifts. Nearly 20,000 mouth-watering products appeal to the senses, as do artisans to meet in situ, in this new Parisian market. A symbol of sharing, of good living, of shared time, of the beautiful and the good, the whole world envies us: our French way of life brings people together. Radiating throughout the world, Galeries Lafayette makes you discover, under the same roof, the art of gastronomy and its famous Gourmet and the art of the house to celebrate this pleasure of good living…
Each floor has its own tastes and ideas. Discover without further delay the worlds of the store: Level -1: Fresh market and catering points; Level 0: Fresh markets; world and French cuisine catering outlets and pastry, chocolate, bakery and spice outlets; Level 1: Decoration concept, Oenology, Cave Duclos: wine, champagne; Level 2: Wedding jewellery; household linen; light fixtures; furniture; bathroom; scents and furnishing fabrics; Level 3: Arts of the table, culinary; household linen; bedding; small household appliances with a Boulanger point of sale and the Kitchen area for Ferrandi classes.
Profil Grec is the preferred address for Chefs and restaurateurs looking for artisanal Feta and Kalamata oils and olives.
Comptoir de la Gastronomie
Le Comptoir de la Gastronomie (since 1894) is certainly the most visited delicatessen at the end of the year. The essentials: foie gras, salmon, dried mushrooms.
Lenôtre Victor Hugo
Seven days a week, all year round, the best gastronomy to take away is at Lenôtre: golden pastries, homemade chocolates, festive menus, delicatessen, wines and champagnes selected by Olivier Poussier, Best Sommelier of the World 2000.And of course the fabulous pastries that have made the House famous worldwide. A selection of gourmet gifts, confectionery, candied chestnuts, petit fours, macaroons and other delicacies can be discovered in one of the many Maison Lenôtre boutiques.
Izraël the grocery store with a thousand spices, a real Ali Baba’s cave, since 1947 in Paris in the Marais district. The essentials: natural halva, spices, rose Turkish delight.
Oliviers & Co Bercy Village
Oliviers & Co is a breeder of olive oil throughout the Mediterranean basin. You can also find all the by-products there: vinegars, tapenades, olives, sauces and pesto, tapenade, spreads. Truffle products as well as a sweet grocery section complete our healthy, gourmet range and in accordance with the Mediterranean diet. Our teams will guide you to help you discover the wonderful and delicate world of olive oil and will advise you in choosing the right olive oil! Whether for you or for a gift, you will find at Oliviers & Co products with precise traceability, an intense taste and regular novelties.
Thanksgiving Grocery store specializing in Anglo-Saxon products dedicated to the preparation of Thanksgiving celebrations.
The French chocolate maker Jean-Paul Hévin opened his first Parisian boutique in 1988. The success is undeniable. Through his original creations of tablets, macaroons, crisps, pastries and other sweets, he represents luxury and the French way of life.
Le Bel Ordinaire
Le Bel Ordinaire, founded by Cyrille Rossetto and Sébastien Demorant, was one of the first Delicatessen – Restaurant hybrids to open in Paris. The place with undeniable success is defined as a delicatessen of local products cooked on site or to take away. The originality of this table d’hôtes-delicatessen is to highlight the French terroirs and the “closet cuisine”, the one that combines fresh and dry products. Each recipe that is tasted on site can be reproduced at home. The products* used to create the “dishes of the day” can be purchased. *dry delicatessen, wines, cheeses, cured meats, rice, lentils, small spelled, oils and a whole range of products, more than 500 references selected from French and European artisans and winegrowers.
La Grande Épicerie de Paris
Located just opposite the Bon Marché, La Grande Épicerie de Paris has become a must, a claimed pleasure, a privileged moment. A true benchmark of gastronomy in Paris, it attracts lovers of the exceptional and the curious from all over the world. La Grande Épicerie de Paris opened a second store in November 2017 at 80 rue de Passy in the 16th arrondissement.
L’évolution des épiceries fines
A pioneering time and the only place to find exotic products and rare foods all year round, the classic delicatessen had to and knew how to reinvent itself. The Fauchon fine grocery store, created in 1900, was the first to transform its name into a brand and identify itself as a distributor of luxury food products. Through luxurious catalogs of all their products and a recognizable logo on bags and vans, they pioneered a new mode of consumption. The Parisian bourgeoisie very quickly became fond of these luxurious and non-essential original products recommended by dedicated salespeople.
La Maison du Chocolat
Since 1977, the year it opened its first boutique on rue Saint-Honoré, La Maison du Chocolat has been sharing its love of creation and its quest for perfection with the public. The best products are carefully selected for making ganaches, pralines and other pastries (eclairs, macaroons, etc.). The essential house is also well known for its “haute-couture” creations presented each year at the Salon du Chocolat: dresses, Louis XVI chairs, necklaces…entirely made of chocolate.
Mariage Frères – Le Marais
With more than 500 varieties of tea on the menu, this French institution delights connoisseurs. In a retro colonial atmosphere, you can taste the house specialities, savory or sweet, always based on tea.
Petite manufacture Michel Cluizel
The luxury chocolate factory Michel Cluizel is a family business created in 1948. Taste is the watchword of the brand which offers unique creations from the best cocoa. Michel Cluizel offers a wide range of references, presented in elegant packaging.
Patrick Roger’s creations are recognizable among many others. The chocolate maker not only has fun sculpting the shapes of each of his works, he also manages to produce new, original flavors that are as daring as their appearance. Using only the best cocoa beans and fresh plants for the development of his chocolates, Patrick Roger is a great player: he starts from the know-how of the great chocolate makers but goes against conventions, his chocolates then become real taste experiences if not visual.
Pierre Hermé (Bonaparte)
Vogue magazine dubbed him “the Picasso of pastry”. Pierre Hermé cut his teeth at Fauchon, before going into exile in Japan to spread his know-how. The success in the land of the rising sun is such that the pastry chef returns to France to open his first shop, at 72 rue Bonaparte, considered the “temple of sweet pleasures”. If the international press is full of praise for him (“avant-garde pastry chef and magician of flavors” according to Paris Match, “emperor of cuisine” for the New York Times, “king of modern pastry” according to The Guardian), it is because Pierre Hermé constantly challenges his work by exploring new territories of taste and going against conventions. | <urn:uuid:8c24db57-dc87-4f7a-ab8f-4caeccc81314> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hisour.com/guide-of-the-grocery-stores-in-paris-france-63033/amp/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.926926 | 4,217 | 2.640625 | 3 |
According to a recent economic research report from the Portland Cement Association (PCA), Skokie, Ill., the conditions needed for a recovery in housing starts activity to begin will not be in place until mid-2010. Although resets of traditional sub-prime mortgages are expected to reach an apex in mid-2009, exotic mortgages such as Alt-A and option adjustable, will experience a dramatic increase in resets mid-2009 through mid-2010, according to the report. This second wave of toxic resets, says Edward J. Sullivan, PCA chief economist, will accelerate foreclosure rates and add to the large number of foreclosed homes in a crowded market.
“Housing construction activity cannot begin until sales recover,” says Sullivan. “Increased foreclosures, coupled with deteriorating labor markets and tight credit conditions, will delay significant sales activity until mid-2010. Improvements in housing starts are not expected to be significant until 2011.”
Although the housing recovery bill, along with bank efforts to rewrite toxic mortgages will mitigate the magnitude of potential defaults and foreclosures during the next 18 months, PCA expects a weak labor market and declining home prices will increase the number of foreclosed properties being added to the housing market inventory.
“Without further government cash injections into the banking system, tight lending standards could characterize the economy and mortgage lending through mid-2011 dragging down home sales,” Sullivan says. “Under such a scenario, the housing recovery and overall economic recovery could be delayed significantly.” | <urn:uuid:fe91051f-5804-4739-8654-a3d06c8faf31> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://ecmweb.com/print/content/housing-recovery-delayed-until-mid-2010-says-pca?quicktabs_11=2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719646.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00126-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943732 | 312 | 1.59375 | 2 |
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In medicine, a symptom is any evidence or affliction which indicates the presence of illness or disease. In many cases, the evidence is subjective and can only be detected by the patient, such as in the case of nausea, weakness, or pain. Symptomatology is the science devoted to studying symptoms for the purpose of making a diagnosis. This term is also used to describe the combined symptoms of a particular disease.
Mental illness is a condition that can rarely be diagnosed with physical tests, but must rely on careful evaluation of health history, behavior, patient interviews, family observations, and psychological evaluations. Psychiatric symptomatology is measured by several screening tests which take into account the subjective responses of patients to determine mental health conditions and proscribe treatment plans. Some symptoms, when present for a sustained period of time, may indicate mental health problems. These include wide mood swings, confusion, sustained irritability, drastic changes in eating or sleeping, rages, or hallucinations.
Different mental health problems have their own unique symptomatology in the same ways as physical illnesses. Schizophrenia, for example, is diagnosed through positive and negative symptoms. Positive symptoms are those which occur because of the condition, such as hallucinations, delusions, extreme agitation, social withdrawal and disorganized thinking. Negative symptoms, or symptoms the patient has ceased to exhibit, include a loss of initiative, social withdrawal, unresponsiveness and apathy. This differs from depressive symptomatology, which includes prolonged sadness, a sense of guilt or worthlessness, exhaustion, hopelessness and a lack of interest in former activities.
Many physical diseases can be diagnosed through medical tests, yet physicians examine the symptomatology in order to isolate possible conditions and determine which tests should be administered. If a patient describes episodes of nervousness, trembling, sweating, weakness and lightheadedness between meals, he may suffer from hypoglycemia, a condition caused by low blood sugar. In contrast to this, if a patient has experienced unexplained weight loss, increased urination, constant thirst, fatigue and tingling in his hands and feet, he may be suffering from hyperglycemia, or diabetes, which is caused by too much sugar in the blood.
There are other physical conditions for which no definitive diagnostic tests exist. Some of these include chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and irritable bowel syndrome; diagnosis is made primarily upon symptomatology and the patient’s response to different treatments. In these cases, doctors generally conduct a battery of tests to eliminate the possibility of other physical conditions which may evidence in a similar manner.
Symptomatology also has forensic applications. One of the challenges faced in settling accident claims is to determine the truthfulness of the complaining party when describing his or her symptoms, and to make a valid assessment of damages. In a number of cases people have feigned more serious injury or impairment in an effort to receive a greater settlement, a situation which is referred to as malingering. Some individuals who are faced with prosecution have been found to feign symptoms indicating mental incapacitation in order to avoid or mitigate prosecution. Screening tools have been developed to identify malingered symptomatology, or feigned symptoms of a condition.
One of our editors will review your suggestion and make changes if warranted. Note that depending on the number of suggestions we receive, this can take anywhere from a few hours to a few days. Thank you for helping to improve wiseGEEK! | <urn:uuid:898ffd8f-4ca2-4a33-83f0-6410cf761d7b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-symptomatology.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00393-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953022 | 714 | 3.765625 | 4 |
The gallery is pleased to announce that Albright-Knox Museum has acquired “East Coast” (2014), by Kim Rugg, for their permanent collection.
Founded officially in December 1862, The Buffalo Fine Arts Academy—the governing body of the Albright-Knox Art Gallery—is among the country’s oldest public arts institutions in the United States. Since its inception as The Buffalo Fine Arts Academy, the museum has been dedicated to acquiring, exhibiting, and preserving modern and contemporary art, with a particular emphasis on the collection, presentation, and interpretation of the artistic expressions of our times. The Albright-Knox Art Gallery’s 150-year tradition of collecting, conserving, and exhibiting the art of its time has given rise to one of the world’s most extraordinary art collections. Thomas Hoving, art historian and former director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, said that “the Albright-Knox Art Gallery should be on everyone’s list to see, for it’s an overwhelming art experience. Small, intimate, and seductive, the museum has one of the most thumping modern and contemporary collections in the world.”
Rugg received her MFA in Sculpture from the Royal College of Art (London). Her work can be seen in the permanent collections of the National Gallery of Art (D.C.) and the Frederick R. Weisman Foundation (CA), the Museum of Contemporary Art, San Diego (CA), Honolulu Museum of Art, the Norton Museum (FL), and the Museum of Fine Arts Houston (TX) among others. She has been included in exhibitions at the San Jose Institute of Contemporary Art (CA), Elizabeth Foundation for the Arts (NY), Galerie Schmidt Maczollek (Cologne), and Nettie Horn Gallery (Manchester), P.P.O.W. Gallery (NYC), and was the recipient of the Thames and Hudson Prize from the Royal College of Art Society in 2004. She lives and works in London (UK). | <urn:uuid:2c65f955-014c-4476-a85c-253530d103cd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://markmooregalleryblog.com/2016/06/30/kim-rugg-acquired-by-albright-knox-museum/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.941979 | 421 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Shift workers likelier to face social exclusionPublished On: Wed, Dec 14th, 2011 | Mental Health | By BioNews
People who work non-standard hours are less likely to feel integrated into the society, a new study has found.
The study, funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), points out that the Government promotes work as the best route to personal well-being, with worklessness going hand in hand with low income and social exclusion.
Yet, Matt Barnes’ research shows that working uncommon hours can also have implications for people’s opportunities to engage and feel integrated in society.
Two-thirds of workers work at unusual times. Although shops and other facilities are beginning to adapt, such workers still find their leisure time constrained by the limited availability of services, as well as other people with whom to spend their free time.
Compared with people who work a standard week, these shift workers spend less time on face-to-face social and relational activities, particularly if they work in the evening or at the weekend.
On an average, evening workers spend six hours 43 minutes on participatory activities per week and Sunday workers just over five hours, compared with over eight hours for those who work normal hours.
“By getting people to keep a diary and analysing the way they spend their time over a 24 hour period, we have been able to understand how they ‘participate’ and what might be done to create greater social inclusion,” Barnes, the lead researcher, said. | <urn:uuid:fe2fc3cd-bdbf-4130-973a-a25c5c2f54d9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://news.bioscholar.com/2011/12/shift-workers-likelier-to-face-social-exclusion.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00281-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958132 | 313 | 2.234375 | 2 |
|The Jehol biota|
A series of papers in leading international journals, such as Nature and Science, astonished the palaeontological world in the 1990s. In these, ever-more amazing fossils were announced from the Jehol beds in NE China: examples of early birds, feathered dinosaurs, pterosaurs, early mammals, amphibians, pollinating insects and angiosperms. The specimens came from a time interval, the Early Cretaceous, whose faunas and floras were relatively poorly known from other locations and yet these specimens tended to be complete and they were often remarkably well preserved.
So far, the Jehol Group has yielded some 60 species of plants, nearly 1000 species of invertebrates, and 140 species of vertebrates (fishes and tetrapods). The tetrapods are listed in more detail here. This page reviews the history, geology, and fossils of the Jehol Group of China, and further detail may be found in reviews by Zhou et al. (2003) and Benton et al. (2008).
HistoryThe Jehol beds are so extensive and so rich in fossils that it seems amazing that the remarkable birds, dinosaurs, and other fossils were not reported earlier. The first report in the 1880s announced a small teleost fish that was later assigned to Lycoptera by Arthur Smith Woodward at the Natural History Museum in London.
The first broad overview of the faunas was made by the German-American palaeontologist, Amadeus William Grabau (1870-1946) in the 1920s. He began his career in North America, and then became Professor of Geology at Peking University in 1919, one of a small number of Americans and Europeans who were brought in at that time to develop and Westernize the leading universities in China. He wrote numerous papers, and seven books, about the geology of China. Among his many studies, Grabau (1923) gave the first description of what he called the 'Jehol fauna', consisting of abundant examples of the conchostracan Eosestheria, the mayfly Ephemeropsis and the teleost fish Lycoptera (Fig. 1). These three dominant fossils gave rise to an alternative name, the 'EEL' fauna. Grabau dated the Jehol fauna as Jurassic and Cretaceous, although predominantly Cretaceous, based on comparison of the fossils with those from elsewhere.
Figure 1. The classic triumvirate of fossils that define the Jehol Biota: (a) the conchostracan Eosestheria, (b) the mayfly Ephemeropsis and (c) the teleost fish Lycoptera. (Photographs courtesy of IVPP.)
Through the 1930s and 1940s, additional isolated fossils were reported, including new invertebrates, fishes, plants and occasional vertebrates. The next substantial work on the Jehol fossils was by the Chinese geologist and palaeontologist Gu Zhi-wei (born 1918). Because the Jehol fauna included plants, Gu (1962) renamed it the Jehol Biota. Work continued at a modest level until, in the late 1980s and early 1990s, a series of papers on fossil birds (Sereno et al. 1988; Sereno & Rao 1992; Zhou et al. 1992; Hou & Zhang 1993; Hou 1994; Hou et al. 1995; Zhou 1995), mammals (Hu et al. 1997) and dinosaurs (Ji & Ji 1996; Chen et al. 1998; Ji et al. 1998) began to draw enormous international attention.
GeologyThe Jehol Group, comprising the Dabeigou, Yixian and Jiufotang formations, crops out in western Liaoning, northern Hebei and SE Inner Mongolia (Nei Mongol), all in NE China (Fig. 2a). Comparable deposits of similar age occur across northern China and adjacent areas of eastern and central Asia, including Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Siberia, Japan and Korea, and many of these have yielded fossils very like those of the Jehol Biota (Zhou et al. 2003).
The Yixian and Jiufotang formations are a nearly conformable sequence of weakly laminated to finely bedded siliciclastic sediments, mainly low-energy sandstones and shales that are interpreted as having been deposited in ancient lakes. There is no evidence of other kinds of continental deposits, such as channel infills, palaeosols or aeolian dune beds. The lake sediments preserve fantastic numbers of fossils, many of them showing soft tissues.
These finely bedded sediments are interrupted by volcanic beds, largely conformable tuffs and basalts, as well as occasional cross-cutting dykes and sills (Zhou et al. 2003). The Jehol beds were deposited on the Eurasian landmass (Fig. 2b), a large continental area that was fully emergent from the oceans in the Early Cretaceous and composed of numerous tectonic blocks.
The volcanic beds throughout the Jehol Group resulted from igneous activity around the then Pacific rim, and it was largely contemporaneous, as indicated by the fact that most volcanic beds are conformable with the sediments. Volcanic activity peaked at the time of deposition of the Yixian Formation and dwindled through the time of deposition of the Jiufotang Formation.
StratigraphyThe Jehol Group (Fig. 4) consists of two major formations, the Yixian and Jiufotang, with the Dabeigou below in some regions. The Yixian Formation includes the Lujiatun bed, Jianshangou bed, Dawangzhangzi bed and Jingangshan bed; the Jiufotang Formation includes the Shahai bed. A further unit, the Dabeigou Formation in Fengning, northern Hebei Province, has been added as the lowest part of the Jehol Group below the Yixian Formation, although it has also been considered as equivalent to the lower part of the Yixian Formation in Liaoning Province.
Figure 4. A stratigraphic column of the Jehol Group showing the five main fossil-bearing beds (I-V). The lithological key is: 1, basalt and andesite with volcanic breccia (lava); 2, congolomerate with volcanic breccia; 3, sandstone and conglomerate; 4, tuffaceous sandstone and tuff; 5, shale and tuff; 6, silt and silty sandstone; 7, subvolcanic rock. (Courtesy of Xu Xing.)
AgeIn many earlier papers (e.g. Hou & Liu 1984; Hou et al. 1995; Sun et al. 1998; Ji et al. 1999), the Jehol Group as a whole, or particular fossiliferous horizons, were claimed to be Late Jurassic in age. This added to the apparent significance of the fossils and would have suggested that several major groups, including angiosperms, various clades of birds, and placental mammals had had much earlier origins than otherwise understood.
Subsequent work has shown that the early claims for a Late Jurassic age, based mainly on comparisons of faunas, but also on some radiometric dates, were flawed (Zhou et al. 2003). For example, dates of 137 ± 7 Ma and 143 ± 4 Ma from the Yixian Formation were interpreted as Late Jurassic on the basis of an older dating that placed the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary at 135 Ma. When this is corrected to the current boundary date (145 Ma), these Yixian dates become Cretaceous, although still rather old.
The dating has now become clearer as a result of further comparisons of the fossils, but particularly because there are now high-quality radiometric dates throughout the Dabeigou and Yixian formations and, to a lesser extent, the Jiufotang Formation. As a result of sporadic eruptions throughout the time of deposition of the Jehol Group, tuffs are commonly interbedded with the shales or mudstones, even distal lacustrine sediments may contain tuffaceous horizons.
Published dates for the Yixian Formation range from 121 Ma to 147.1 Ma (reviewed Zhou et al. 2003; Zhou, 2006; Chang et al. 2009), but Swisher et al. (1999, 2002) dated the base of the formation at about 125 Ma (and the top at something younger than 121.6 Ma. Chang et al. (2009) presented further revised dates for the Yixian Formation, 129.7 ± 0.5 Ma for a basaltic lava from the bottom of the Yixian Formation and 122.1 ± 0.3 Ma for a tuff from the lowermost part of the overlying Jiufotang Formation. The top of the overlying Jiufotang Formation was dated at older than 110.6 Ma, but a direct date is 120.3 Ma (He et al. 2004). The Dabeigou Formation may date to 131 Ma.
Zhou et al. (2003) estimated that the Jehol Group spanned some 18 million years, based on a date of 128.4 Ma from a basalt overlying the Lujiatun Bed (basal Yixian Formation), and the date of 110.6 Ma from the upper part of the Jiufotang Formation. The 128.4 Ma date is now considered (Zhou 2006) as probably too old, and so the total duration of the Jehol Group is recalculated as 11 Ma (131-120 Ma), but this might be extended. The Yixian Formation lasted c. 7 Ma (Chang et al. 2009). A tentative timescale for the Jehol Group is:
The Jehol plants and animalsThe Jehol Biota has produced fossils of plants, including early angiosperms and microscopic charophytes and dinocysts; aquatic snails, bivalves and hugely abundant aquatic arthropods (conchostracans, ostracods, shrimps), fishes, frogs, salamanders, turtles and choristoderes; terrestrial and flying insects, spiders, lizards, pterosaurs and dinosaurs, including feathered dinosaurs, birds and mammals. Many of these fossils are exceptionally preserved.
Plants. The forests around the lakes were dominated by conifers, including members of the podocarp (Podocarpites), pine, araucaria (Araucarites) and cypress families. There were also ginkgos, czekanowskialeans, bennettitaleans, gnetaleans (Ephedrites, Gurvanella), horsetails (Equisetites), ferns and mosses (Zhou et al. 2003). The leaves and needles of the trees show adaptations to a dry season, and these were presumably derived from plants living on higher land, while the ferns and mosses normally grow in wet habitats, presumably around the waters' edge. Archaefructus (Fig. 5) was described as the earliest known angiosperm (Sun et al. 1998), and it is reconstructed as a modestly-sized water plant (Friis et al. 2003). Revision of the age of the deposits (see above) means that Archaefructus is certainly an early angiosperm, but by no means the oldest. More details of Archaefructus, with photographs of specimens and reconstructions, are here.
Animals. Many authors, including Amadeus Grabau and Gu Zhi-wei, have described invertebrate fossils from the Jehol Group, and Chen (1988) showed there were three phases of evolutionary radiation, corresponding to the Dabeigou, Yixian and Jiufotang formations. The majority of the fossils come from the lower Yixian Formation and the Jiufotang Formation. Methods of collection and study have changed over the years.
The Dabeigou Formation assemblage includes the Nestoria-Keratestheria conchostrachan assemblage, the Luanpingella-Eoparacypris-Darwinula ostracod assemblage, the Arguniella bivalve assemblage, the Lymnaea websteri gastropod assemblage, and the Peipiaosteus fengningensis-Yanosteus longidorsalis acipenseriform fish assemblage. Species and specimens of these fossils are rare, and the only birds known from this assemblage are Protopteryx fengningensis, the most primitive enantiornithine bird known (Zhang & Zhou 2000) and Eoconfuciusornis zhengi, the most primitive confuciusornithid (Zhang et al. 2008; Fig. 6). | <urn:uuid:9a2ee38f-90e0-4de7-b62c-048e37534b7c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/melanosomes/jehol.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00133-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931839 | 2,682 | 3.171875 | 3 |
Many investors focus almost exclusively on the domestic market. This bias is understandable, since U.S. citizens know more about their home market than they do about the many international markets in which they could invest. However, this bias could be limiting, particularly when considering dividend-paying companies. Some of the largest, most diversified companies in the world are domiciled overseas, possess great long-term prospects, and possess handsome dividend yields.
For example, Unilever (UL) is one of the world's largest producers and marketers of branded and packaged consumer goods, with businesses in 100 countries. The dividend yield on the stock was recently about 4%. This compares favorably to Kraft Foods Inc. (KFT – Free Value Line Research Report for Kraft), which is the largest branded food and beverage company headquartered in the United States, and the second largest worldwide. Although Kraft is in the middle of breaking itself apart, complicating the comparison, Kraft shares recently yielded about a percentage point less than Unilever.
For an investor seeking income, the yield edge that Unilever has over Kraft could make a big difference. However, it’s important to understand the pros and cons of buying foreign stocks. In the end, the pros probably outweigh the cons, but the outcome of the balancing act is in the hands of each individual. Here are some issues to consider:
Access to Shares
It is very simple for a U.S. investor to buy domestically listed companies. Buying shares in foreign companies can be a bit more complicated. The easiest way is to buy American depository receipts (ADRs) or shares (ADSs). These, however, are not usually direct investments in the company the shares represent; A bank or other entity is usually acting as a middle man. The middle man holds the actual shares and lists an ADR or ADS that represents the shares it holds. The bank gets paid for this service. More importantly, the ADRs or ADSs may represent a fraction or multiples of an actual share of the company as it trades in its home market. This is an issue that investors should be aware of and understand before buying shares. Another issue to consider is that some foreign companies do not have shares listed on large domestic exchanges, instead relying on the so-called Pink Sheets for their listings. Although there is usually adequate liquidity for larger companies, smaller ones may not have the same liquidity.
Foreign companies are governed by the laws of their home country. This can be true for investments in their shares, as well. Thus, U.S. investors may not have the same protections when investing in a foreign company that they would when investing in a domestic company. Moreover, any kind of recourse could be quite difficult for a small investor located in the United States since access to foreign legal systems and experts would likely be limited.
The value of the dollar versus other currencies, such as the euro, changes on a second-to-second basis. This is true of all currencies in comparison to each other. These changes can affect the results of foreign companies, which often do business in more countries than those focused on the relatively large U.S. market. Exchange rate fluctuations will influence financial results as country results get consolidated, the level of the dividend, and, in many cases, the actual level of the domestically listed stock (depending on how the stock is listed on the U.S. exchanges). Exchange rates aren’t always a negative; in fact they are likely as often positive as they are negative. However, the fluctuations here can create added volatility to share prices and dividend disbursements.
While investors in the United States may be very used to domestic generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), foreign companies may report their financials using different standards. This can cause some confusion, as their measures, which may or may not have similar names, can differ from what U.S. investors are used to seeing. A large number of companies listed on U.S. exchanges translate their reports into U.S. GAAP, however, so this may not be as big an issue for those entities. That said, it is important to keep an eye on this issue to avoid confusion.
The United States is a relatively large and mature market. Companies could operate quite profitably for years addressing only the domestic market without ever needing to move to the international space. Most foreign markets don’t enjoy the size and diversification of the U.S. market. Thus, working across borders is a normal part of most foreign businesses—this is not as often the case in the United States. This affords a sort of built in level of diversification and, perhaps more importantly, experience.
There are a number of dividend related issues for domestic investors to consider. First, many foreign companies have more generous dividend policies than their U.S. counterparts. This is not, of course, a universal statement, but does suggest, as shown by the Unilever/Kraft example above, that dividend-focused investors only investing in domestic stocks could be short changing themselves.
That noted, foreign companies often pay dividends only twice a year, one small (interim) payment and one large (final) payment. For an investor trying to live off of his or her dividends, this payment structure could be hard to work around. Assuming a regular flow of income from other sources, however, an investor could view foreign dividends as a way to pay for less frequent costs, like taxes, travel, or holiday spending.
Complicating the dividend issue is the fact that dividends from foreign companies are often variable based on business performance. Thus, dividends can fluctuate wildly from period to period. While this allows shareholders to benefit when a company is doing well it also means that they “participate” when a company is not doing well. Moreover, since the payments often only occur two times a year, there could be some additional stress while waiting to find out just how much a disbursement will be.
Foreign nations are just as tax conscious as the United States. As such, the dividend a company pays may not be what a U.S. investor will get, since the foreign government will want its piece of the pie up front. This will likely result in two line items for a dividend on an investor’s brokerage statement, one for the dividend and the other for foreign taxes withheld. Those withholdings, however, can be reclaimed, to some extent, on an investor’s U.S. taxes come April 15th. It is advisable to consult a tax specialist on this matter, but it is important to note that the dividend an investor receives is likely to be smaller up front than expected based solely on the stock’s yield.
These are a few of the more important issues a U.S. investor needs to consider before stepping into foreign shares. The decision is probably less onerous than it seems, but it is important to understand the differences before you make a purchase. To use a tangible example, driving is similar in just about every country. However, if you were to drive on the right side of the road in Great Britain, as you would do in the United States, you would be on the wrong side of the road for that country. A subtle, but incredibly important difference.
At the time of this article’s writing, the author did not have positions in any of the companies mentioned. | <urn:uuid:62c0b4b2-4aa6-4c92-867c-337a9c927fe7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://valueline.com/Stocks/Commentary.aspx?id=13377 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00355-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968003 | 1,512 | 1.96875 | 2 |
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four Essential Steps for the Skin Care Program
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YOUR BOTTOM LINE
Renting Versus Buying; Cities That Are Hiring; How to Get Greener Pastures the Green Way
Aired May 30, 2009 - 09:30 ET
THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED.
GERRI WILLIS, CNN HOST: Hello, I'm Gerri Willis and this is YOUR BOTTOM LINE, the show that saves you money.
It's a buyer's market, but is buying a home the right move right now? We'll talk renting versus buying and what makes sense for you. Plus, jobs are still disappearing but not everywhere. We'll take you to places that are hiring. And if you're green with envy at your neighbor's lawn, don't worry, how to get greener pastures the green way. YOUR BOTTOM LINE starts right now.
If you're in the market to buy a home, good news, you're likely getting a 20 percent discount, right now. But, for those looking to sell, that means the value of your home continues to decrease. According to the S&P/Case-Schiller report released this week, home prices plunged a record 19.1 percent in the first quarter compared to last year and that is across all 20 metro areas the index tracks.
All but three reported a monthly decline in March, but things look especially grim in Minneapolis, Detroit and New York. Those three saw record price declines in Minneapolis, down 6.1 percent, Detroit down 4.9 percent, New York down 2.5 percent.
With low prices, low mortgage rates and tons of homes on the market you may be wondering if now is a better time to rent than buy or buy than rent. Here to help us out is Dani Babb, she's a real estate expert.
Good to see you, Dani.
DANI BABB, REAL ESTATE EXPERT: You too, thank you.
WILLIS: Well, let's get down to it. You know, a lot of people out there, they look at these low prices and they say why wouldn't you buy now?
BABB: Right, no, that's absolutely the case. You have to look at the rent versus buy decision very analytically and from a numbers perspective. First of all, you want to know how long are you going to stay there? The longer you stay, the greater the benefit to you, overall, the greater the tax benefits and the greater the chance that you're going to ride out this deflationary time and crisis and get to an appreciate -- a time when we have appreciation, which is important.
WILLIS: But Dani, can you really time the market, here? You know, we always talk about how you can't time stocks. Is it easy to time the real estate market and where do you go for the best information on prices in your area? Because, after all, real estate is local.
BABB: Yeah, right, exactly. I mean, we talked about the Kay Schiller index, that's only 20 metropolitan areas. if we look at, you know, suburbia, for example, or middle of the country, they may not be included here. Really, the best location, as an adviser, that I tell people to go to is City-Data, this is going to give them -- it's on the Internet -- it's goig to give them...
WILLIS: For free.
BABB: For free, absolutely, very important. It's going to give them the last several years historical information in most cities, sometimes just a couple of years. What I look at is what have prices done in the last three months? If they're stable, it's maybe a time to jump in.
WILLIS: Yeah, and one thing to mention here, these prices are sort of in the rear-view mirror, they're at least three months old, so they're not absolutely up to date, but then none of this data really is.
BABB: Exactly. And Kay Schiller is a great example of that. It's not -- people are using it as an index, but it's not really all that current.
WILLIS: It's not real time, because that's not the way these things get priced. You know, you say that if you're going to buy and if you're making that buy versus rent decision, you've got to look at whether you're getting a substantial discount in the market because everybody I know is trying to time this thing they're saying have we hit bottom yet? What do you mean by substantial discount?
BABB: Well, it's going to depend on a particular area like you noted. That's why I use the City-Data, because they actually do look at even the very last previous month, so if the data looks like it's stabilized, then getting something that's within that median price range for the neighborhood, I would consider to be a good deal.
But, if it's not and it's still in a downward spiral, like the areas you mentioned or like South Beach, California, even Idaho now is starting to take a dip, if it's in the decline stage I personally would look at whatever the foreclosures are selling for and I would want a resale market for that price or I would just buy a foreclosure.
WILLIS: OK, all right, because you can get substantial discounts there and that's what people are doing. We should note here, though, that sales are actually rising in some of these markets. The price is a lagging indicator; we're not going to see that turn up for a long time. But, what do you make of the increases in sales across the country and how would you use that to weigh in on whether to buy or rent?
BABB: Well, the median price dropped from $225,000 last year to $170,000 across the country. So a lot of people are realizing that coupled with the first-time homebuyer credit, is a really good combination if we're going to stay in an area for a while to ultimately get a really good deal. So I think that's why we're starting to see sales go up. Though, but historically spring, they do.
WILLIS: Yeah, spring, it's that time of the year. It's home buying season after all. I mean, we've forgotten that entirely this year. Let's talk about the tax credit because if you are in the market right now, you're thinking of buying that $8,000 tax credit for first-time home buyers is the thing to watch.
BABB: It is and it's not just -- a lot of people believe if I've owned a home, I'm excluded from it. If you haven't owned a home for three years, you are included in the tax credit, so that's something to look up and it's great. Plus you can write off your property taxes and you can write off the points that you pay on the loan, so all of that is not a loss.
WILLIS: And of course that tax credit the federal government working right now to make sure that you use that tax credit perhaps as part of your down payment. You don't have to wait until you file your taxes to get the $8,000, it could really help you buy that home.
Dani, just briefly, what are the elements to figure out, what do I want to know if I'm making that big decision to buy or rent, right now?
BABB: Job stability, are you going to be there for a while? Are jobs moving in and out of the area? If they're moving out, it may not be a very good time to stay. Tax benefits and how long are you going to be there and will the first time home buyer credit help you out.
WILLIS: Love that. Thank you, Dani, for helping us out today. We appreciate it.
BABB: Thank you.
WILLIS: Now, if you're on the other side of the equation, you own a home, but can't sell it in the market, you may consider becoming a landlord. But first make sure you get the rules in your state. There are laws governing how much deposit you can receive and how much you can charge for the application process. Go to your state's department of consumer protection for more information.
It's almost impossible to be fully prepared, but you need to know where to get information or assistance when you need it. Join a local landlord association or real estate association in your area. You'll be able to get referral, support and guidance from fellow landlords. You'll also want to create a network of professionals who can help you when maintenance issues arrive.
Maintain close relations with plumbers, electricians, attorneys. To make sure you're pricing your rental right, do your research, check out what the rates are in your area. It's also a good idea to attend an open house that's advertised just so you can compare what's being offered. And when it comes time to choose a tenant, make sure you run a credit check on applicants. The unemployment numbers across the country can be frustrating if you're looking for a new job. We have the scoop on some U.S. cities that are bucking the trend -- they're hiring.
WILLIS: Well, you've probably seen those grim unemployment numbers, but believe it or not, there are towns across the country booming with jobs so if you're looking for a change of scenery and employment, take a listen to our next guest. Bob Frick is a senior editor with "Kiplinger's Personal Finance" magazine and joins us now from Washington.
Bob, welcome. Good to see you.
BOB FRICK, KIPLINGER'S PERSONAL FINANCE: Hi Gerri, good to see you.
WILLIS: Now, I know people want this list, so let's get right down to it. Let's talk about Washington, you say that's a great place to go, really good job opportunities.
FRICK: Washington, D.C., as well as the federal government has a tremendous number of jobs in the high tech, information tech industry, biotech, it's really a boom city. It's been a boom city for a long time and of course it's all the federal spending now for better or for worse, there's a lot more money sloshing around.
WILLIS: A lot more money sloshing around and a lot more jobs. I want to give folks this Web site. USAjobs.gov. If you're looking for a federal job, even if it's not in Washington, it's a great place to go. You can actually find jobs by location.
So, Bob, let's drill down on Albuquerque, New Mexico. Now, what's going on there? Why should I look there for jobs? This is not, frankly, an area that I thought would be growing, but you say it is.
FRICK: Well, you know, every city the unemployment rate is up. But what we're talking high-quality jobs and in Albuquerque the state, the city, the university of New Mexico, Sandia National Laboratories, all these entities get together to try and bring good, high quality jobs to the city and they've been very successful. They have quite the solar industry operations going on there. Plus they have a growing film industry. They have 3,000 people making movies and TV shows.
WILLIS: Well, that's a real diverse range of jobs out there and the good news is that those aren't like just entry level positions, maybe not a lot of interesting experience, these are jobs that will really develop an area that's very interesting to live in, you know, a very diverse population.
FRICK: Right. Our whole study concentrates on what we call or what is called the creative class kinds of jobs, these are engineers, architects, designers, educators, artists. These are our readers and so we focus our studies at cities that are growing these kinds of jobs.
WILLIS: How about Huntsville, Alabama? Now, they've got a population, about 378,000, kind of midtier, midsized city. I never would -- this comes as a surprise to me, too.
FRICK: Well, Huntsville is the No. 1 city and for good reason. As well as all the aerospace jobs there, as I'm sure you know, you know, it is the aerospace, one of the aerospace hubs in the United States. The U.S. government has all kinds of research going on there, the military. They control all the supply lines, they say from beans to bullets in Huntsville. It's also apparently a pretty nice place to live.
WILLIS: Athens, Georgia. Now, I think music when I think of Athens, but you've got some other ideas, right?
FRICK: Well, University of Georgia is there, obviously, but it is a very cool and funky town and they've expanded on the university base. The whole town was created basically for the university and now they have a good number of high-tech professional level jobs and as you say the music scene there is really unparalleled.
WILLIS: You know, Austin, Texas also has a great movie -- or music scene and this is on your list as well, one of my favorite cities and an interesting place to live.
FRICK: Yeah, Austin makes pretty much every one of these lists. It's so unbelievably diverse. The state capital, higher education, plus now it's a hub for high finance and also biotech and all kinds of high technology jobs and, yes, one of the funkiest and coolest places to live.
WILLIS: Salary growth of seven percent, are you kidding me? That's amazing.
FRICK: Well, that's over four years, but you have to realize is that even though the unemployment rate there was up, which is kind of statistical fluke, they actually added over 3,000 really high-quality jobs there in the last year.
WILLIS: All right. We've got to talk about one of thigh my favorite cities, that's Raleigh, North Carolina. I'm from North Carolina. Just has been a boon state. Let's talk about what kind of jobs are available there, a lot of people don't know, frankly.
FRICK: Well, it's really the Raleigh-Durham area and apologies to people from Durham that we didn't name them, but it's that whole Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill area. You've got the research triangle, you've got three great universities and any industry that is worth having, you know, green tech, biotech, information tech, it's all there and Raleigh is kind of a renaissance city. They've kind of cleaned up their act. It's becoming not just a state capital, but it's becoming a fun and interesting place to live.
WILLIS: Yeah, and really attracting a lot of people, now. I think what's interesting about all of these is that often there is a big university's presence there and that really fires up some interesting job opportunities.
FRICK: Right. When you look at our list, it's basically, again for better or for worse, there's a lot of government spending in these cities and there's a lot of higher education, which when handled correctly generates a lot of jobs for the area. And right now, in a recession, we look for job resiliency and job creation, those are two things you can absolutely bank on. You know, there's always going to be government spending and universities don't shut down.
WILLIS: Bob, thank you for your help today. We appreciate it.
FRICK: You bet.
WILLIS: When it comes to your savings, your mortgage, your investments, a good financial adviser may be worth every penny, but when should you hire one and how do you know if yours is qualified?
WILLIS: Look, no matter how much money you've got, figuring out how to manage it is tricky and a decision to hire a financial adviser can be touch. Here to make sure you put your hard-earned money in the right hands is Heidi Brown, she's senior reporter for "Forbes Woman."
Heidi, good to see you.
HEIDI BROWN, FORBES WOMAN: Hi. How are you? Thanks for having me.
WILLIS: So, Heidi, let's talk first about who needs an adviser, because I think a lot of people out there frankly they can't afford an adviser. It costs so much money to have somebody run your money for you that you might be better off doing something else. So, who should hire one?
BROWN: Well, Gerri, the thing is that there's so many different options now. It doesn't really matter whether you have just a little bit of money to invest or you're very affluent, because over the last few years we've had a very wide range of services.
We, at "Forbes Woman" have counseled our readers to look for a certified financial planner, and that's someone who's actually a member of an organization that has to have had specific train and passes specific exams, they have to have had three years of experience...
WILLIS: And those are pretty rigorous examines. I'm pretty familiar with the program and you can't get in there by reading some cheap book and taking the exam quickly. This is a process for those folks.
BROWN: And you're expected to maintain your knowledge and to be an active member. There's also other options, you can look for what's called a certified financial analyst. Those courses are also very rigorous and you've also got the CPA option, the accounting option. WILLIS: Right, exactly. You know, one of the big problems that people have out there is that they feel like when they're hiring an adviser they're worried they're hiring somebody who's just paid to sell them product and we see a lot of that in the marketplace. How do I avoid that?
BROWN: You know, that's true and unfortunately a lot of brokers and financial advisers have gotten reputations, for a very good reason, but we have something now that is called a fee only adviser and these people have become much more popular because they assure their clients that there's no conflict of interest. They do not get -- they do not get commissions based on their transactions, they don't get commissions for selling you and setting you up with insurance policies.
WILLIS: Which is so common in the industry. This is very different. They get paid by you for what you do.
BROWN: And so basically the way the fee structure works is you either pay them based on the number -- the amount of assets that they're managing or they simply charge you a flat fee per year.
WILLIS: All right. You can go either way. And, of course, you can always hire a financial adviser just for the hour, say, to look over your 401(k) to make sure you're investing in the right thing. You guys recommend the Garrett Planning Financial Network, a great group of folks.
BROWN: Absolutely, it's growing. I just think it's such great for people who are just starting out or don't feel comfortable, you know, talking about financial markets.
WILLIS: All right, so let me ask you this question, because I think this is something that gets ignored in the whole conversation. Which is do I want to pick somebody that I actually get along with, especially as a woman when you're hiring a planner, you can get people who are, you know, a little bossy, they may think you don't understand anything that's going on, they want to tell you what to do. How important is that match with personality?
BROWN: It's so important. In fact, I think that beyond having the qualifications. And beyond having an adviser whose in good standing and hasn't had any, you know, problems or other complaints from regulators, that you find someone who you have a rapport with and has the same background as you or at least understands your background, because let's face it, you're going to be, hopefully, if this works out, working with this person nor a your life.
WILLIS: A long, long time.
BROWN: Yeah, they're going to be helping you not just with having -- have you allocate your assets, but they'll be helping your figure out how much life insurance you need, one day estate planning.
WILLIS: You know, I know financial advisors who even look over mortgages, for example, and help people understand what they're signing on to, which I think is a great idea.
BROWN: You know, what it really becomes is a personal relationship. You want to be able to go to your financial adviser for every aspect of your financial life.
WILLIS: All right. I've got to get you to another question here, which I think is critically important. You know, we've all heard about Bernie Madoff. Just last week there was another ponzi scheme that was exposed in California, a real estate investment scheme.
You know, people want to know how can I trust this person with my money. And you've got great ideas for just going on the Web to find out what you need to know about the adviser you're considering hiring.
BROWN: Great question. I think it's actually given a little hit to the financial adviser industry. But the fact is that there's a government Web site, the Security and Exchange Commission Web site, has a section you can go to do your own due diligence and we actually advise our readers to make sure that you do this when you're interviewing financial adviser. You want to go to the SEC Web site and look at The Investment Adviser Public Disclosure Web site.
And on that site there are two forms, they're called the ADB parts one and two. And each form will give you exact information whether they have been any complaints by other clients any problems with regulators. You'll find in part two, their fee structure, their investment strategy. You can get a lot of information about this. You can also make sure that whoever you're working with is in good standing with their own organization.
WILLIS: Great information, Heidi, thanks for helping us out today.
If the grass is always greener on the other side, maybe it's because your neighbor's lawn is ecofriendly. We'll help you make sure your yard is good for the earth.
WILLIS: With summer on the way, you're probably thinking of spending more time in the yard, but that can mean you're spending more time around artificial pesticides and fertilizers. We visited Rutgers University to learn how to keep your lawn looking great and still be friendly to the environment.
WILLIS: How do you define an ecological sound lawn? What does that mean?
JAMES MURPHY, RUTGERS UNIVERSITY: Well, to most people that would mean a lawn that doesn't use a lot of pesticides, doesn't use a lot of water or a lot of fertilizers to maintain it.
WILLIS: Does that mean you have to pick out a certain kind of grass? And if so, what kind of grass do you use?
MURPHY: Well, there are many to choose from, but certainly the choice of grass has a lot to do with how easy it is to maintain in an ecological friendly fashion.
The grass that we're standing on here, the perennial ryegrass, this can be maintained in a low maintenance fashion, the difficulty with doing that is if you make mistakes with it, you're going to get weeds and some diseases in it and it will be difficult to maintain and low maintenance...
WILLIS: A lot of fertilize fertilizer, a lot of water, a lot of care, right?
MURPHY: Yes, yes.
WILLIS: All right. Well, what do we have over here?
MURPHY: This is Kentucky bluegrass and most people would recognize this grass because many people have it in their yard. It's considered by many to be a more higher-maintenance grass and take a little more time and energy to maintain it properly.
WILLIS: OK. Well, show me something that isn't going to take a lot of maintenance, not a lot of money to maintain that I can put in my yard.
MURPHY: OK. Sure, over here. This grass here is tall fescue.
WILLIS: This is bigger blades. You know, it's really heavier.
MURPHY: It's a little wider blade. It's very tough and durable. This grass will put up with less water, less fertilizer, much better than the grasses we just talked about.
WILLIS: All right. I want to ask you about over here, we have one of these old-fashioned mowers. There's absolutely no engine here. This is human power. Does this really work? Come on.
MURPHY: Yes, these work. They work better under certain situations than others. And if you...
WILLIS: They're hard to use.
MURPHY: If you put it over here in the shorter grass, it will be easier to use.
WILLIS: Hey, look at this. That's not bad.
MURPHY: Not using it the right way.
WILLIS: OK. It's getting it started. The faster you go, the easier it is to use.
MURPHY: Yeah, you got to keep up some momentum behind it.
WILLIS: Yeah, but you get a workout workout, good gosh.
MURPHY: That's why people don't use these even if you're ecological friendly. A push reel mower would be more useful for people who have smaller properties, not as much pushing and energy to do the work.
WILLIS: So, this is compost, right?
WILLIS: Now, do I just do this? I mean, is that what you're looking at?
MURPHY: Yeah, basically you would apply maybe a gallon every three to five foot over the turf and just spread it around. You want to put it lightly enough so that it filters into the grass and goes down to the soil. Because ultimately that's what you're applying the compost to do is to try to improve the soil that the grass is growing in -- all that good organic matter.
WILLIS: There are places that have turned over completely to this kind of lawn care, and it's very successful, right?
MURPHY: When you go completely organic, there are going to be cases where you get what many would consider weeds growing into the lawn. But as long as you're willing to accept that and repair it with some seed and some tender loving care, then it's not a problem.
WILLIS: And, of course, my lawn looks exactly like that.
Thanks for spending part of your Saturday with us. We'll be back next week, right here on CNN. You can also catch us on HLN every Saturday and Sunday at 3:30 p.m. Eastern Time.
Your top stories are next in the CNN NEWSROOM. Have a great weekend. | <urn:uuid:9d38c9c3-7d32-4d20-ab37-be5b80dfcc54> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0905/30/ybl.01.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00438-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972793 | 5,771 | 1.742188 | 2 |
It may sound counterintuitive, but your job can be a source of happiness and well-being.
Conversely, being unemployed has negative effects on health and well-being that are mitigated by having a job. This isn’t just because of the paycheck, either — having a high salary isn’t linked directly to feeling good. Simply having a job at all, even one that’s low-paying, increases our satisfaction with our lives.
So next time you hit your snooze button to put off heading to the office, consider that the daily grind might be contributing to your overall feeling of contentment. Here are four science-backed ways that your job is upping your happiness.
Having a Job Improves Your Well-Being
Remember this when you’re stuck in traffic on your morning commute: Statistically, you’re still feeling less stressed out and angry than those who don’t have a job to go to.
According to a recent Brookings Institute paper that analyzed data in the U.S. and Europe, your employment status is “absolutely critical” for feelings of positive well-being. (Long-term unemployment can have “psychological scarring effects.”)
Interestingly, the people who are most satisfied are the ones who work either part-time or full-time — but voluntarily. People who have the option to retire but keep working because they want to rank the highest for happiness, found study authors.
Our Work Can Positively Influence Our Daughters (and Sons)
Before you start feeling guilty for prioritizing your career, remember that working moms can have positive impacts on their daughters, according to Harvard Business School researchers. After crunching data from 25 nations to look at how working moms affected their children’s future, the study authors learned that working mothers raised more professionally successful girls than women who made caretaking their primary responsibility: They performed better in the workplace, earned more, and occupied more powerful positions.
Daughters of working moms also earned 23 percent more income than those who had stay-at-home moms growing up. Sons of working moms, too, bended the gender stereotypes: As adults, they tended to spend twice as many hours on family and child care thanks to the modeling they picked up from their parents. Knowing that you’re doing something right for your kids is bound to put a spring in your step.
Work Can Keep Us Healthy
Punching a clock is good for your physical health. A study conducted in the 1980s showed that that men who were out of work made more trips to the doctor, took more meds, and were bedridden more often than men who were employed because they had higher levels of stress, depression, and anxiety. This research squares with more recent findings concerning working women: Women with full-time jobs are healthier at age 40 than women who work part-time, are stay-at-home moms, or are persistently unemployed, according to a University of Akron study.
Work Can Make Us More Agreeable
Even when you’re feeling your grouchiest in that meeting or sending a passive-aggressive email to a vendor, you’re still probably more agreeable and easygoing than if you didn’t have a job. After British researchers followed nearly 7,000 German subjects over time, they learned that participants’ basic personality traits could change based on their job status. Unemployed men and women appeared to become much less agreeable and conscientious as compared to subjects who became re-employed. | <urn:uuid:0de2a8d9-6cce-404f-96ec-a170d02683d6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.dailyworth.com/posts/3989-4-ways-work-makes-you-happy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00180-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97367 | 730 | 2.265625 | 2 |
You might have missed the news this past week that Rep. Xavier Becerra will leave Congress to become California's attorney general. Becerra wasn't the highest-profile member of Congress. But his departure is a piece of a broader exodus of Democratic House members once regarded as the next leaders of the party in Washington.
But for the Democratic Party in Washington, Becerra's decision is part of a troubling trend: young, ambitious lawmakers either falling by the wayside or giving up on the House entirely.
It's remarkable. An entire generation of Democratic leaders in Washington has been washed away -- and the generation younger than the Van Hollens and Israels of the country looks too young right now to step up and fill the leadership vacuum. (Names on that list include the likes of Reps. Joe Kennedy of Massachusetts, Tulsi Gabbard of Hawaii and Ben Ray Luján of New Mexico.) read more
1. This is like 2000 all over again, right? Nope.
2. Are we just doing this to give delusional liberals something to read? Yes.
3. How does the recount work? Millions of Dollars disappear, a few weeks pass, and we forget all about it.
4. Who will be recounting the Wisconsin vote? Every ballot will be personally handled by experienced state poll worker Joe Schultz.
5. Is there any truth to the claim that Jill Stein is using the recount as a ploy to get donations for the Green Party? She has shown no prior indication of being that politically savvy.
Donald Trump intends to nominate Gen. James Mattis, one of the most respected military men of his generation, to run the sprawling Department of Defense, it was reported Thursday.
Citing people familiar with the decision, the Washington Post said the announcement from the president-elect is expected next week.
But since a law prevents those on active duty within the last seven years from serving in a civilian post, Congress will not only have to confirm Mattis but also pass a law making an exception.
Congress has done that just once, when Gen. George C. Marshall was appointed to the post in 1950.
The Wisconsin Elections Commission set a timetable Monday for a recount of the presidential election but rejected a request to require a count by hand made by Green Party candidate Jill Stein, who quickly responded that she would sue.
Unless Stein wins her lawsuit in Dane County Circuit Court, officials in each of Wisconsin's 72 counties would decide on their own whether to do their recounts by hand. That could mean some counties perform recounts by machine and some by hand.
Citing the results of a 2011 statewide recount that changed only 300 votes, Elections Commission chairman Mark Thomsen, a Democrat, said this presidential recount is very unlikely to change Republican Donald Trump's win in the state. read more
Here is the WashPo appointment tracker for all open Cabinet Posts, click the link (I know that scares many of you Libs because it will force you to both read and comprehend) to get the latest updates. read more | <urn:uuid:b346e5f5-ff77-420f-a87b-ecf771234555> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.drudge.com/user/Rightocenter | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00031-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957931 | 616 | 1.804688 | 2 |
It isn’t always easy to get a meal on the table. At the end of a hectic day of work, getting everyone together is a challenge. Then it takes time to put together great ingredients that meet the family’s taste preferences and health needs. It isn’t surprising that many families are stuck with instant meals that are quick and easy but lack nutritional value. But what if it was possible to bring plant-based foods to the table without hurting the budget or the taste buds? Hampton Creek is working hard to completely transform the dinner table and make sure that everyone has better options to choose from.
When a person heads to the grocery store, it’s tough to choose healthy options. The first thing stopping individuals from choosing organic or foods comprised of plant-based alternatives is the price. Most people can’t fit the extra cost into their monthly grocery budget. But the company is working to find a way to offer better food at a price that most people can afford. This could completely transform the way that families shop in the future. Already its current offerings are making a difference in what consumers are picking up at the store.
It doesn’t matter if plant-based foods are more affordable if they don’t taste good. While adults might try to struggle through it, kids can be tough critics of foods that don’t offer the taste and texture they expect. So the goal is to create plant based foods that can mimic other ingredients. For example,the company has created a plant-based combination of ingredients that not only taste like an actual egg, but also imitate it texture. This provides an opportunity to transform breakfast in the morning. Imagine kids enjoying “eggs” that are really made with ingredients like peas.
Beyond Eggs is just one accomplishment that the company can hang its hat on. Just Mayo, released just months after the egg substitute, continued to demonstrate the company’s dedication and commitment to bringing consumers healthy alternatives to the traditional grocery choices. Just Cookie Dough and Just Cookies is continuing to show what is possible when a company sets its mind to accomplishing something big. | <urn:uuid:0a017959-ae43-42d6-86ed-3adb4ad94c15> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://giseleandthegreenteam.com/hampton-creek-changing-the-dinner-table-for-families-everywhere/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280899.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00577-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946546 | 435 | 1.710938 | 2 |
GLOUCESTER (CBS) – Not even Mother Nature could stop a tradition in Gloucester that has been going on for about 80 years.
On Saturday, organizers held the “Greasy Pole – Fall Classic” at Newel Stadium.
Since the 1930’s, people have taken part in the annual tradition in town each summer, running down a greased up 45-foot telephone pole to capture the flag.
The pole’s longtime home had been Gloucester Harbor, but the platform that holds the pole sank during a storm in September.
For now, the water has been replaced with padding. But organizers are still aiming to rebuild the platform in time for next summer’s big event, the St. Peter’s Fiesta, which takes place in June.
For more photos and much more coverage on the Greasy Pole event, check out GoodMorningGloucester online. | <urn:uuid:1c49246f-6ed1-4f42-86b3-39b689675d13> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://boston.cbslocal.com/2011/11/12/greasy-pole-competition-returns-to-gloucester/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720962.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00385-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939694 | 188 | 1.625 | 2 |
The George Soros-funded “Think Progress” is continuing its campaign of fear-mongering, insisting that climate change is causing a horrible drought in Spain that is threatening the country’s trademark olive harvest. Their latest piece contends that climate change is causing a horrible drought in Spain that is threatening the country’s trademark olive harvest.
The piece begins by explaining that southwest Spain is experiencing its worst drought in recorded history, which may be true, although they offer no proof that it is the worst in recorded history.
With climate models and Spanish researchers both predicting that Spain’s droughts will get more intense and more regular than before, this is the second year since 2012 that heat and drought have threatened the country’s trademark olive harvest.
“Think Progress” neglects to mention is that climate models have been very inaccurate. In fact, a recent study reported that climate models have over-stated the last 55 years of global warming. Some scientists have even suggested that climate models are worthless.
The drought in Spain and its impact on the olive market is potentially very significant,” Lamine Lahouasnia, head of packaged food at Euromonitor International, told the Wall Street Journal. “If the drought does end up adversely affecting Spanish yields, it is very likely that we’ll see rising consumer prices in 2014.”
European olive oil prices are already up over 30 percent since the beginning of the year, a phenomenon driven by above average temperatures and low precipitation across the Mediterranean olive-growing belt. According to the IPCC, the Mediterranean may be one of the most impacted areas of the world from climate change. Already a hot, semi-arid region, hotter summers and more intense and frequent droughts will threaten water supplies and agricultural production.
Notice the word ‘may’. The supposition offered by “Think Progress” does not agree with science that states there has been no increase in droughts world-wide.
“It is misleading and just plain incorrect to claim that disasters associated with hurricanes, tornadoes, floods or droughts have increased on climate timescales either in the United States or globally,” Professor Roger Pielke Jr. said in his testimony before the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee.
In May of 2014 Professor Pielke published a graph that shows the intensity of the planet’s droughts from 1982 to 2012. The graph shows that neither droughts nor their intensity have seen a growth trend during that 30-year period.
Dr. Bjorn Lomborg wrote in the Wall Street Journal:
Historical analysis of wildfires around the world shows that since 1950 their numbers have decreased globally by 15%… The world has not seen a general increase in drought. A study published in Nature in November shows globally that “there has been little change in drought over the past 60 years.”
Finally according to “Think Progress” this “climate changed created drought” is two years old. But the earth hasn’t shown any warming for 17 years, 10 months and counting. | <urn:uuid:cb2a2e36-b8db-46c6-8a86-d12c960ee99a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://lidblog.com/think-progress-latest-fear-mongering/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718278.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00241-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959259 | 642 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Development of a Microwave Enabled Bio-Nano-Microfluidic Device for Point-of-Care Diagnosis of COVID-19
The COVID‑19 crisis has caused over 280k deaths with more than 4 million infections as of May 8, 2020. These numbers are increasing and may peak again with reopening of businesses. This tragedy could be prevented from happening or its impact could be largely minimized if rapid, massive-scale testing can be performed at community level without the need of highly trained professionals and expensive equipment. This is also the highly recommended action among the immediate next steps by World Health Organization (WHO). The proposed project aims to develop such a system for rapid point-of-care (POC) diagnosis of the COVID‑19 virus by leveraging the team’s expertise in engineering, nanotechnology, viral immunology and clinical medicine. The proposed system is a palm-sized instrument that consists of a battery-powered microwave circuitry and a microwave-microfluidic device with its sensor surface modified by functionalized gold nanoparticles (gNPs) that specifically recognize the COVID‑19 virus. The output is a yes/no answer via a light indicator. A test can be done within 30 minutes including the sample preparation, which is completed by simply stirring a nasopharyngeal swab containing a tested person’s sample in a buffer solution. The system allows a test to be completed with a small drop of the sample solution (5 microliter) that is filled in the inlet reservoir and drawn to pass the detection chamber towards the outlet by capillary force. If the sample contains the COVID‑19 virus, the virus will be captured by the functionalized gNPs coated on the sensor surface resulting in the change in the microwave spectrum. The microwave circuitry will analyze the spectrum and output a yes/no answer. It is expected that the availability of the proposed portable system will enable the test of COVID‑19 at the community level such as at a drive-through point or in an ambulance, which will largely expand the testing capacity and thus assist in the control the COVID‑19 pandemic. | <urn:uuid:75f4ae4d-28d7-407c-ab57-aaca6502cd92> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cancovid.ca/fr/grant/development-of-a-microwave-enabled-bio-nano-microfluidic-device-for-point-of-care-diagnosis-of-covid-19/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.937338 | 436 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Cuts to Head Start will affect families, society
I have a child enrolled in the Virginia Searls Head Start program located in Bothell. I think making a 5 percent budget reduction to Head Start will be harmful for a lot of families that can’t provide preschool education [“How budget cuts could affect you,” seattletimes.com, March 7].
I also feel it would not benefit the general society, because every dollar we invest in high-quality early education can save more than seven dollars later on — by boosting graduation rates, reducing teen pregnancy, even reducing violent crime.
The Head Start model addresses the needs of the whole child — emphasizing health, nutrition and social-emotional development — and being compassionate partners with parents.
In my family, Head Start has been a powerful resource. We as a family were having a difficult transition moment, and enrolling my son in a Head Start program helped him on his social-emotional development. Early learning education is so important for each child, not only for those who can pay for it. Every single child should have the same opportunity of quality education no matter what their level in society.
–Maricela Rodriguez, Kirkland | <urn:uuid:e069fe81-0a04-4022-bbec-8ea0b336526e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blogs.seattletimes.com/northwestvoices/2013/03/17/budget-cuts-affect-diverse-range-of-programs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00391-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965068 | 247 | 2.25 | 2 |
Paleoclimatologists trying to understand how the world drifted into the last ice age 70,000 years ago are getting new clues from isotopes preserved in deep-sea sediments. Based on this information, scientists argue that climate changed before ocean circulation did, ruling out a slowing of heat-carrying ocean currents as the immediate cause of glaciation.
The results are based on studies of the rare-earth element neodymium. Researchers at Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory in Palisades, New York, found that the ratio of neodymium-143 to neodymium-144 isotopes in North Atlantic and Pacific waters differs enough, thanks to the range of ratios of surrounding continental rocks, that it can be used to follow the mixing of waters as currents flow from basin to basin.
Ocean circulation changes should dominate the changes in the neodymium ratio, say Lamont group members headed by Alexander Piotrowski (now a postdoc at the University of Cambridge, U.K.). During each of four temporary warmings during the last ice age, the ratio swung down and then back up--just as it should have done if the warm, north-flowing Gulf Stream had temporarily sped up, delivering more heat to high latitudes and more North Atlantic water to the southward-flowing deep arm of the "conveyor belt" flow.
In the run-up to the ice age, by contrast, the core told a more complicated tale. Starting about 70,000 years ago, bottom waters cooled as glacial ice grew on the polar continents, as indicated by oxygen isotopes of microscopic skeletons of bottom-living organisms. Only several thousand years later did the conveyor belt flow slow down, according to neodymium. Given that millennia-long lag behind the growing cold and ice, "ocean circulation responded to climate change," not the other way around, says Steven Goldstein, also part of the Lamont team.
"It's groundbreaking work," says paleoceanographer Christopher Charles of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego. But a single core is not likely to win the day, says paleoceanographer Jerry F. McManus of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts, who notes that he and others will be looking for weaknesses in the theory. | <urn:uuid:2d6e166f-dc10-4b04-b381-5e4e27e9d41b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2005/03/oceans-didnt-trigger-last-ice-age | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719465.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00097-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928693 | 484 | 3.875 | 4 |
One of the most significant and persistent barriers to combating human trafficking is widespread insistence on distinguishing between sexual trafficking and prostitution. While linking the two is about as easy as connecting smoking to lung cancer, we continue to decouple trafficking from branches of the commercial sex industry like prostitution and pornography.
Of course most of us want to end sexual slavery, but the commercial sex industry — which is the very lifeblood of trafficking — is increasingly tolerated. Prostitution is seen by plenty as a legitimate, if suboptimal, form of "work," and pornography is taken to be harmless. And yet the commercial sex market and sex trafficking are symbiotically related; the latter simply would not exist without the former. Women and girls are trafficked into brothels, strip clubs and massage parlors. They're photographed and filmed servicing men. Customers — including men who simply click on free porn on the web — do not and cannot distinguish between trafficked women, prostitutes and porn stars.
Those who draw a bright line between sex trafficking and prostitution often argue for legalizing prostitution. After all, they say, if prostitution were legalized, then the government would be poised to regulate it and curb harms experienced by prostitutes. In fact, the State Department's 2010 Trafficking in Persons Report even claimed that countries that had legalized prostitution were making efforts to eliminate sexual trafficking.
But rather than eliminate sexual trafficking, the evidence has consistently revealed that legalizing prostitution fosters it. Dorchen Leidholdt, Co-Executive Director of the international NGO Coalition Against Trafficking in Women, stated:
"Jurisdictions that have legalized prostitution have demonstrated just what happens when prostitution is legitimized and protected by law: the number of sex businesses grows, as does the demand for prostitution. Legalized prostitution brings sex tourists and heightens the demand among local men. Local women constitute an inadequate supply so foreign girls and women are trafficked in to meet the demand. The trafficked women are cheaper, younger, more exciting to customers, and easier to control. More trafficked women means more local demand and more sex tourism."
In other words, sexual demand is not as stable as you might think; it can be stimulated. Just consider what happened in Australia when its government decriminalized prostitution and took control of the industry: "in New South Wales where brothels were decriminalized in 1995, the number of brothels in Sydney had tripled to 400-500 by 1999, with the vast majority having no license." In other words the illegal sector of the sex industry flourished once prostitution was legalized. The Netherlands are another excellent case study. Their brothels were legalized in 2000, but the number of reported human trafficking cases increased from 341 in 2000 to 909 in 2009. When the sex industry enjoys government protection, it thrives and demand increases. It also becomes much more difficult to identify instances of abuse and to prosecute trafficking.
What if a woman wants to become a prostitute? In her book "Prostitution, Power and Freedom," Nottingham University Sociology Professor Julia O'Connell explained that this phenomenon, known as "casual prostitution," accounts for a mere one percent of women in the sex industry. And in a recent study of trafficking and prostitution across nine countries, researchers found that out of 785 sex workers, "89 percent … wanted to escape prostitution but did not have other options for survival."
Free choice here is largely a myth. Catherine MacKinnon, pioneer of the legal battle against sexual harassment in the workforce, argued that "If being a sex worker were truly a free choice, why is it that women with the fewest options are the ones most apt to 'choose' it?" Closely related to the issue of choice is that of consent, or the idea that prostitution is innocuous if the prostituted woman gives her consent. But the condition of consent is an unfounded criterion.
Melissa Farley, director of the organization Prostitution Research and Education, explains that "it is a clinical, as well as a statistical error, to assume that most women in prostitution consent to it. In prostitution, the conditions which make genuine consent possible are absent: physical safety, equal power with customers, and real alternatives." While no doubt some women choose this line of work freely, they remain a very small minority.2 comments on this story
When you operate within the framework of consent and choice-based rhetoric, there will still be women who meet the requirements for victim status but remain overlooked. This is one reason why the prevalence of sexual trafficking is underreported in the U.S. The Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) currently stipulates that in order to prosecute traffickers and receive aid themselves, victims must be either under 18 years of age, or prove that their entry into the commercial sex industry was the result of force, fraud or coercion. But what happens to women who initially agreed to come to the United States to work in the commercial sex industry (migrant sex "workers"), but would never have given their consent had they known what slave-like and abusive conditions awaited them? These women technically qualify for benefits under the TVPA but will have a very difficult time securing them since they can't easily prove that coercion occurred as defined by the law.
If the United States wishes to combat modern slavery, it should make exploitation, rather than force, fraud or coercion the main consideration in possible trafficking cases. The United Nations already does this and considers "consent" to be irrelevant in determining trafficking victim status. If the United States were to shift its emphasis away from proving force, fraud or coercion toward establishing whether persons were being exploited for commercial sexual services, then far fewer victims would fall through our legislative cracks, and it would be easier for law enforcement to prosecute sexual trafficking.
The fight for abolition is far from over. But it has at least begun. For instance, in September Craigslist shuttered its adult services section after charges that it was being used to facilitate sexual trafficking. (Unfortunately, we have no doubt that others will fill the gap.) Also, in 2010 alone more than 40 human trafficking bills were enacted with over 350 introduced, in comparison to a mere eight human trafficking bills passed into law in 2006. And over 850 people were arrested in a three-day November 2010 sweep aimed at suppressing child prostitution. Clearly our government is taking steps to combat human trafficking, but it remains hampered by underreporting, underdefining and a continued disinterest in linking sex trafficking to the larger commercial sex industry.
Ellyn Arevalo is a research assistant with the University of Texas at Austin's Population Research Center and lab manager for the university's human development and family sciences department. Mark Regnerus is an associate professor of sociology at the University of Texas at Austin. He is the author of "Premarital Sex in America: How Young Americans Meet, Mate, and Think about Marrying" (Oxford, 2011). The original and lengthier version of this article appeared in Public Discourse www.thepublicdiscourse.com an online journal of the Witherspoon Institute. | <urn:uuid:5479ac5b-3c85-47ec-9525-cf54085af74e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700109219/How-commercialized-sex-fuels-brutal-modern-day-slavery.html?pg=all | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00306-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955983 | 1,430 | 1.96875 | 2 |
WHEN YOU KNOW what is going on, it makes sorting rumors from truth a lot easier. One of the biggest tricks has leaked almost entirely out, so lets give you the rundown on the latest ATI code names.
The upcoming DX11 parts are commonly known as R870, but some call it RV870. It’s smaller sibling is similarly known as RV840. The problem is that ATI dumped the numerical code names a long time ago, those names never existed. If you have seen anything purporting to show specs on these parts, they are fabricated. Anyone that has the real chip specs would know the code names as well.
Here is the source
As you can see, the MS demos clearly say Evergreen, “HARDWARE: EVERGREEN” to be precise. This is the family, all of the DX11 parts all fall under the Evergeen banner. The chips under them each have their own code names, trees in the evergreen family. R8xx and RV8xx never existed as code names, and never will.
DX11 demo on Evergreen hardware
So, what are those code names? They are Cypress and Juniper. Cypress is the big chip, and Juniper is the mid-range part. ATI strongly hinted at the conference that the wafer was a Cypress, but I don’t recall if a chip code name was explicitly stated. It it was Cypress, die size estimates in the 180mm^2 range should make Nvidia very nervous. If the wafer was a Juniper, Nvidia should be far more nervous.
In the end, if you see people calling any specific part Evergreen, they don’t have a clue and are making things up. This was a very clever move on ATI’s part, it likely will gain them at least 3 levels of cunning when they level up.S|A
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- Intel unleashes more Kaby Lake SKUs on the yearning public - Jan 4, 2017 | <urn:uuid:241c6654-bced-4c58-aa47-cfb8fc18b31c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://semiaccurate.com/2009/06/09/ati-evergreen-code-names-explained/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00515-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943924 | 492 | 1.625 | 2 |
Last Saturday my eighth-grade son took the Catholic high school entrance exam as part of the process of applying to the three local Catholic high schools that he is interested in attending next year. He took five pencils with him, though they suggested he bring two. His best friend brought a Power Bar to eat at the break; but, worried that this might get him into trouble, he kept it in his pocket. As they goofed around, waiting for the doors to open, the kids looked gawky and nervous, the boys half-heartedly shoving each other, the girls rearranging their hair. Why do we put them, and us, through this? sighed a long-suffering parent standing next to me. Why indeed?
As fellow parents, we’ve discussed the various merits and disadvantages of these three prep schools since our kids entered kindergarten, and now we don’t know what to believe, or how to decide among them. Of course, that will ultimately be decided by the schools themselves, as they select their incoming students. Did our kid play enough sports, get good enough grades, participate enough in the religious life of the school and parish, score well on the entrance exam? With only a one-in-four chance of being accepted, it feels like a lottery when all is said and done, with some kids winning and some losing.
The three schools in our area are all run by different religious orders. It takes some skillful discernment to read between the lines of their similar mission statements. The emphasis on community service, a standard of excellence in teaching and learning, and a focus on a life of faith permeate the open house presentations, the multiple brochures, the Web sites. Sometimes it feels like the choice comes down to which school will have the shortest commute.
When I examine the prevailing assumption that Catholic parents must send their children to Catholic high schools, I realize that we as a family have learned some important spiritual lessons about what we consider valuable in Christian education. Many of these lessons are applicable to the world that (believe it or not) exists outside the exclusive circle of Catholic education, kindergarten through college. While social justice and spiritual concerns are acknowledged to varying degrees in the mission statements of all Catholic schools, there is also a subtext about the Catholic educational experience, perhaps the more powerful for being unstated.
As we toured each of the high schools during their open-house days, we were impressed by the up-to-date computer equipment, the sports facilities and the comprehensive science labs. Each school had some special feature: an enormous auditorium for the theater department, an elegant and spacious library, a brand new track and football field. Our local public high school has graffiti on the walls and broken lockers, and the swimming pool smells of mildew. The contrast was stark. Until he saw these things, I don’t think our son had fully understood the disparity in educational opportunity in this country.
Christ asks us to consider the poor among usharder to do when we are far removed from their environment. Yet we want what is best for our children, which means sending them to an expensive school that others can not afford, so we try to counteract the isolation of privilege by teaching them that privilege has its responsibilities.
The high schools want to know how well each student has achieved success in certain areas, beyond the basic assumption of high academic achievement. Yet what are they really asking? Many kids are cynical about the true worth of their success. Did they achieve the right kind of popularity, which earned them a seat on the student council? Did they achieve recognition for their coordination andlet’s face itsheer body size, on sports teams? As our son and his friends filled out the applications, they were faced with acknowledging their achievements or lack thereof, according to certain standards. As parents, we wondered if the schools were interested in whether they achieved recognition by their peers for being funny, generous or kind.
Do these kids understand, as they list their achievements, that their parents love them no matter how well they did in basketball, or whether or not they had a starring role in the school play? We just want you to do your best; that’s all we ask, we tell our kids. We hope, in the privacy of our hearts, that their best gets them into the Catholic high school of their choice. If being their best, true self doesn’t fit the mold, then we love them anyway, just as Christ taught us that God loves us for who we are, not what we achieve.
Why do Catholic schools foster so much competition? Creative essays, spelling, running laps, science projects, running for school office, fundraiserseverything lends itself to the race to see who is best. How do we reconcile this with Christ’s teachings on equality? I don’t remember Christ asking his disciples to compete for a place at the table.
My assumption is that the educators who design the curriculum and set the tone in each school community believe that competition brings out the best in each of us. Yet this kind of thinking implies there is not enough to go around; that you have to compete for recognition, and must suffer the consequences of both winning and losing. There must be a way to encourage children to strive to do their very best without setting them against one another.
Our daughter is naturally good at spelling. She can spell words correctly that she has never heard or read. She always wins the school spelling bee in her grade. Her friends react with envy, and she has begun to dread the yearly contest. She is learning that competition can set you apart. Now the eighth graders are competing for coveted places in high school. Some will win, and some will lose. We need to teach our children that the external validation that comes from winning does not reflect who they are as children of God.
As parents, we have discussed each high school’s merits, with special emphasis on how well the school promotes a sense of community. The admissions presenters who visited one school last autumn also focused on the real sense of community that each student would find at this particular high school. The high school students who are in the confirmation class I teach, when asked why they want to be members of the Catholic Church, listed to be part of a community as their most important reason. We all have memories of high school as being a time of shaky self-esteem, agonizing over how well we are liked, whether or not we will be accepted into the peer group we so long to be a part of. Yet the high school that most impressed us made a real connection between the community of high school peers, the Catholic community, and the community beyond the walls of high schoolin other words, the larger human community.
Students in the Catholic educational system are blessed with a shared community based on a set of spiritual values that at its best nurtures, challenges and prepares them for a role as Catholics in the larger community of humankind. Ultimately, the message we have tried to give our children about why we have chosen a Catholic education is this: beyond the privilege of expensive equipment and well-paid and well-trained teachers; beyond the opportunities for high achievement that will eventually assure them success in the larger world; beyond the ready-made community they will find as Catholic students, we want them to learn how to put into practice Christ’s teachings. | <urn:uuid:618b6323-5f7e-4608-a110-856f7574c4ef> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.americamagazine.org/issue/452/faith-focus/christ-teacher | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719677.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00561-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976461 | 1,513 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Marijuana for some of you, the customers, it’s a dangerous drug, for some a way to have fun and relax, for some a cure to ease the pain, to start feeling and stop thinking. It should be consumed in a limit. It’s an amazing feeling to grow a beautiful cannabis plant, smoke a homegrown marijuana joint with friends and enjoy the moment and forget everything else. Once you have an MMJ card, you will be capable to purchase marijuana for medical uses from one of the numerous medicine shops in Colorado. The medical properties of marijuana are shown to stimulate hunger, provide relief for sickness, and act as a muscle relaxant. Medical marijuana was officially recognized under California state law by the elector initiative process in 1996.proposition 215 which was approved by a bulk of Californians in 1996 and it became known as the compassionate- use act. This act itself does not say anything about “sales” but it does speak about
And About affordability.
The medical marijuana act came into law in 2004 through the governmental sanction of Senate Bill 420. It was the state’s effort “to execute a plan for the secure and reasonable division of marijuana to all patients in medical require of marijuana”, as the Compassionate-use act of 1996 instigates the State and Federal government to do.
Medical Marijuana program RI or dispensaries related to Marijuana treatment processes in RI are registered with a license depend upon the law of Medical Marijuana on 3rd Jan 2006. On this date the local government has introduced the Medical Marijuana programs include with 8 diseases along with 5 qualifying terms. Medical Marijuana is licensed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s, Cancer, HIV or AIDS, Crohn’s, Glaucoma, Epilepsy, Hepatitis C and other more. It can help you to get relief in an easy manner along with best treatment as well. Marijuana doctor Rhode Island legislators today prepared their country the first ever to develop an existing medical marijuana law to permit for state- licensed consideration centers to cultivate and distribute marijuana to registered patient. If you are looking for the Quality of Rhode Island medical marijuana doctors then you can visit their website. When you have obtained your marijuana recommendation and marijuana card, you can lawfully produce and use your medicine under RI marijuana law.
Most of the time people confuse with a question that, How to find Marijuana doctor in RI? There are verities of doctors or dispensary can identify in RI related to the treatment of Marijuana. You can get the more description on dispensary or best doctors from various online resources include the location of the individual one. Here you can also book your appointment for the treatment of Marijuana disease. Apart from these criteria, most of the online resources can also provide you the information related to your treatment plans. Here you can effectively decide about the best doctors or treatment procedure. You must look after the quality of treatment not for the quantity of particular dispensary. After you will follow up the individual parameter, you can easily get your better selection for your best treatment process.
This content has been taken from: http://www.zimbio.com/Medical+Marijuana/articles/HuRzDBqnyhR/Importance+medical+marijuana+program+RI
How to find Marijuana doctor in RI? | <urn:uuid:7f494dfa-c9dd-4198-ada1-7e28886d6fae> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://copytaste.com/z3239 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00376-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937263 | 670 | 1.671875 | 2 |
An anonymous reader writes "A article on The Register titled talks about a demo that was given in London last month by NCC Group where they turned a modern TV into an audio bug. 'The devices contain microphones and cameras that can be utilized by applications — Skype and similar apps being good examples. The TV has a fairly large amount of storage, so would be able to hold more than 30 seconds of audio – we only captured short snippets for demonstrations purposes. A more sophisticated attack could store more audio locally and only upload it at certain times, or could even stream it directly to a server, bypassing the need to use any of the device’s storage.' Given the Snowden revelations and what we've seen previously about older tech being deprecated, how can we protect ourselves with the modern devices (other than not connecting them to the Internet)?" | <urn:uuid:bc248dcf-7e1a-4720-8922-c60eac4fbc52> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://entertainment.slashdot.org/story/14/05/10/200223/eavesdropping-with-a-smart-tv/interesting-comments | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00266-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950503 | 169 | 1.5625 | 2 |
HIV spread continues at high rates from infected persons to their sexual partners. In 2009, an estimated 2.6 million new infections occurred globally. People living with HIV (PLHIV) receiving treatment are in contact with health workers and therefore exposed to prevention messages. By contrast, PLHIV not receiving ART often fall outside the ambit of prevention programs. There is little information on their sexual risk behaviors. This study in Mombasa Kenya therefore explored sexual behaviors of PLHIV not receiving any HIV treatment.
Using modified targeted snowball sampling, 698 PLHIV were recruited through community health workers and HIV-positive peer counsellors. Of the 59.2% sexually-active PLHIV, 24.5% reported multiple sexual partners. Of all sexual partners, 10.2% were HIV negative, while 74.5% were of unknown HIV status. Overall, unprotected sex occurred in 52% of sexual partnerships; notably with 32% of HIV-negative partners and 54% of partners of unknown HIV status in the last 6 months. Multivariate analysis, controlling for intra-client clustering, showed non-disclosure of HIV status (AOR: 2.38, 95%CI: 1.47–3.84, p < 0.001); experiencing moderate levels of perceived stigma (AOR: 2.94, 95%CI: 1.50–5.75, p = 0.002); and believing condoms reduce sexual pleasure (AOR: 2.81, 95%CI: 1.60–4.91, p < 0.001) were independently associated with unsafe sex. Unsafe sex was also higher in those using contraceptive methods other than condoms (AOR: 5.47, 95%CI: 2.57–11.65, p < 0.001); or no method (AOR: 3.99, 95%CI: 2.06–7.75, p < 0.001), compared to condom users.
High-risk sexual behaviors are common among PLHIV not accessing treatment services, raising the risk of HIV transmission to discordant partners. This population can be identified and reached in the community. Prevention programs need to urgently bring this population into the ambit of prevention and care services. Moreover, beginning HIV treatment earlier might assist in bringing this group into contact with providers and HIV prevention services, and in reducing risk behaviors. | <urn:uuid:22c94197-2979-4760-95a6-00a23de5eff2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.popcouncil.org/research/sexual-behavior-of-hiv-positive-adults-not-accessing-hiv-treatment-in-momba | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00229-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938225 | 486 | 2.046875 | 2 |
These edible fabrics or edible clothes or edible sheets are simple to make, durable, and flexible. They can be made using rice papers, wafer papers, or lace mats. In this case, I am using wafer papers and a little lace mat.
These edible fabrics can be used to create beautiful cloth effects on your wedding cakes or any fancy cake design you are working on. If stored properly, it will retain it’s soft texture for up to a 5 days.
- Get all items measured out and ready before you begin
- Make sure your gelatin bloom well before heating it up. To bloom simply means allowing gelatin absorb water for few seconds. If gelatin doesn’t doesn’t bloom well, you will end up having fabric that’s not smooth.
- Heat up gelatin mixture in a microwave for 30 seconds or in a saucepan with little water. Make sure the water is little and doesn’t spill into the bowl of gelatin mixture.
- To keep your gelatin mixture in it’s liquid form all through while working, place your bowl in a bigger bowl of hot water. If you end up having a solidified mixture, just reheat the mixture for few seconds.
- When dusting your wafer papers or lace mat with luster dust or petal dust or corn flour, do it generously. This prevents your fabric from sticking to each other or to your fingers.
- Use a brush with soft bristle (I used a blush brush) to apply luster or petal dust, or corn flour.
- Gelatin mixture can be coloured with any colour of your choice.
- When using lace mat, make sure your mixture coats the lace mat design well and fills all parts so you have a beautiful lace fabric at the end of the day.
- You can place your wafer papers on a silicone mat or lamination film (it’s sold at the bookshop) before brushing over your gelatin.
- To store your edible fabric, place each in-between two parchment papers then place parchment paper in a ziplock bag and keep in a carton. Alternatively, pour corn flour into a plastic jar with lid and place in your fabric and cover the jar tightly.
- Do not expose the fabric to air as this will make it dry out
If you are interested in SIGNING UP for my ONLINE COURSES then do chat me up using any of the social media links. If you are in Lagos, Nigeria and needs an onsite class, feel free to chat me up too. All my classes are very affordable.
See Step-by-step Video Here : EDIBLE FABRIC
- Measure out your gelatin, glycerin, and water.
- Pour water into your gelatin, and stir well using a small spoon or offset spatula.
- Set aside for 10 seconds for gelatin to bloom.
- Next heat gelatin in the microwave for 30 seconds. Or place a saucepan on medium heat, add little water. Then place the gelatin bowl in the saucepan. After 30seconds the gelatin mixture will dissolve.
- Remove from heat and add your glycerin and stir well.
- Place your wafer papers on your silicon mat or lamination film. Then using a pastry brush, brush your gelatin mixture generously over your wafer paper well.
- Next flip the wafer paper and repeat the gelatin application on the second side.
- Set aside for 10 minutes for the gelatin to dry.
- Now to the 3 methods of getting edible fabric. METHOD 1: Using Corn Flour : After your wafer paper is dry, apply corn flour generously on the wafer paper using a soft brush and start peeling off. As you peel, simultaneously apply corn flour. Keep doing that till you have peeled the fabric.
- METHOD 2: Using Luster or Petal Dust: Once wafer papers are dry, using a soft brush, apply luster or petal dust to your wafer papers while you peel off the fabric simultaneously. Luster dust will give your fabric a shiny look.
- METHOD 3: For this method, I made use of lace mat and I also coloured my gelatin mixture into sky blue. I applied my coloured mixture generously to the lace mat, filing the design well. Then I allowed the mixture dry. Next I dusted with corn flour, you can decide to dust with a luster/petal dust similar to the colour used in mixing the mixture (That is if I wanted to use luster dust, I will use a sky blue luster dust to dust the lace fabric while peeling). Then peel and dust simultaneously.
And there you have your EDIBLE FABRIC!
#ediblecloth #ediblefabric #ediblesheets #waferpaper | <urn:uuid:c118243b-11ef-44ea-a520-9fafb91ab4bd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sussycakes.com.ng/how-to-make-edible-fabric-3-easy-methods/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.835126 | 999 | 1.78125 | 2 |
14 April 2020
Today, the Government of Jersey is confirming that the number of deaths from COVID-19, or suspected COVID-19, has risen from three to six.
The Minister for Health and Social Services, Deputy Richard Renouf, said: “I would like to extend my sincere condolences to the families and friends of the deceased and offer my reassurance that Government is doing everything in its power to manage the outbreak to save as many lives as possible.”
The Government reports the deaths of people infected with Coronavirus to include all deaths where COVID-19, or suspected COVID-19, is mentioned on the death certificate. This includes all cases where the virus is recorded, whether as the direct cause or in combination with other health conditions. The Government continues to report deaths that have occurred both in the care of Health and Community Services and in the community.
Information on the deaths is taken from the official register held by the Office of the Superintendent Registrar. This methodology has been agreed with Statistics Jersey, the Office of the Superintendent Registrar and the Deputy Viscount. It is also in line with the UK Office of National Statistics methodology.
Changes to the number of registered deaths involving COVID-19 are published on the gov.je/coronavirus when a death is officially registered. If an inquest is required to establish the cause of death, there may, in some instances, be a delay of several weeks or months before a cause of death is established and registered.
In order to protect an individual’s confidentiality, we will not currently differentiate between deaths where COVID-19 was the direct cause, a contributory factor along with other health conditions, or suspected. | <urn:uuid:0a964837-4191-469d-97b2-76a5bca2ca62> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gov.je/news/2020/pages/covid-19recording.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.96638 | 350 | 1.867188 | 2 |
A theory portraying children as start-up companies and middle-aged adults as their investors has been proposed to explain why humans have such big brains and long life spans.
Evolutionary biologists have puzzled for decades over why humans live twice as long as chimpanzees and gorillas and have brains three to four times larger than their closest living relatives.
"We're thinking of the brain as an investment," says economist Arthur Robson, at the University of Western Ontario. Robson and anthropologist Hillard Kaplan, at the University of New Mexico, believe this investment is so substantial that it requires a longer human life span to give it the time to pay off.
"The combination of issues that they raise is novel - a useful first step," says evolutionary biologist Michael Rose, at the University of California at Irvine. But he warns against putting too much confidence in a mathematical model: "If you're a good applied mathematician, you can come up with a model to give you any conclusion you want."
Nonetheless, Rose is intrigued by the explanation of why human children are so unproductive for so long. "This is the best paper on the evolution of teenagers I've ever read," he says.
The inspiration for Robson and Kaplan's theory came from the observation that children in modern day hunter-gatherer societies consume more calories than they produce, accumulating an enormous debt that peaks at age 20.
As active young adults, they produce more than they consume, but it takes decades to pay off their childhood debt. Only at age 50 do they start moving out of the red and into the black. They then begin to make a net contribution of resources to their society, offsetting the debt of the children in the next generation.
The researchers noticed the parallels between the energy flows in these societies and cash flows in start-up companies, and applied an economic model to human evolution. They treated physical and mental capacities as "embodied capital", with the brain representing a special form of capital that increases in value over time.
According to the model, the brain requires such an enormous investment of energy during childhood that human ancestors must have evolved long life spans to make that initial investment worthwhile.
Robson and Kaplan believe these early humans must have lived in an environment where food gathering was complicated, favouring the development of big brains. They also suspect that the environment reduced the risk of premature death by affording some protection from predators.
The model therefore assumes that the environment was the key factor shaping human evolution. But, Rose argues, this leaves out the sophisticated social interactions that must have also contributed to development.
Journal reference: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (DOI: 10.1073/pnas.152502899) | <urn:uuid:5880d7b4-5f81-46a4-83c5-41a5702efef4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.energybulletin.net/print/878 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00468-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958304 | 553 | 3.46875 | 3 |
Are you trying to improve your blog? Start with your posts!
While you may be trying to build an audience through SEO techniques, it may be time to focus on writing better blog posts instead. This can help you bring in more readers and improve the overall quality of your blog.
To make some positive changes, follow these tips to write better posts.
Start with a great title
You’d be surprised about how important the blog title is. It can determine whether someone clicks on your post or keeps on scrolling. Believe it or not, it is estimated that 8 out of 10 people will read the title but only 2 out of 10 will read the rest of the post.
That means your blog post title has an awful lot of power. So make sure it’s as compelling as possible. Put a little extra thought into your title and give people a reason to read on!
Format your posts effectively
Have you ever come across a blog post that looked like one massive chunk of text? Chances are, you didn’t read it. There was simply too much there!
To write better blog posts, you may need to adjust your formatting. Some ideas? Break your text up into smaller paragraphs, create lists, use plenty of sub-headers, and don’t be afraid to include relevant photos, especially if you can use ones you shot yourself. All of this will make a big difference.
Write about interesting subjects
It should go without saying, but in order to write better blog posts, you need to write about intriguing topics. Unfortunately, some blog writers don’t know their audience well enough or re-hash the same ideas over and over again.
Take some time to target your audience … and write posts that will be interesting to them. You should also ensure that your posts are as unique as possible. Your readers will appreciate the extra effort.
Be as specific as possible
Sometimes blog posts can be a little … broad. We assume that the more generic a post is, the more readers it will draw. The reality is that specific is better!
For instance, if you’re writing a blog post about clothing labels, don’t just state that they exist. Instead, mention the benefits (that they are waterproof peel-and-stick name tags) and how you can use them in your day-to-day life (to sort and organize your laundry effectively).
The more information you give, the more people will gain from reading your posts.
Use social media
Social media is everywhere; that’s why it should be on your blog, too. You need readers to engage with your content as much as possible. So be sure to have social media buttons on each and every post.
Think of them as a call to action that can help you write (and share!) your blog posts as easily as possible. | <urn:uuid:2fd4d582-a27e-444b-b5bd-6fdec6a93086> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://blogandretire.com/blog/2014/01/how-to-write-better-blog-posts.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717963.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00375-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949446 | 590 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Jargon Buster - Definition of BUPA
Please select your letter of choice below to see the list of terms:
is a global organisation who specialise in health and care. They offer a variety of plans and insurance policies including:
- Health Insurance
- Travel Insurance
- Cash Plans
- Care Homes
- Critical Illness Cover
- Life Cover
- Lifestyle and Income Protection
- Life and Critical Illness Cover
BUPA are currently the largest provider of health care insurance and services in the UK. They have been providing health cover since 1947 and the acronym BUPA stands for 'The British United Provident Association'.
Please note that all definitions are intended for general guidance only. For official and current definitions you should always double check your policy wording.
If you are in doubt of the meaning of any terms, why not email us on | <urn:uuid:49264e11-65be-4761-b74e-98397fe58df7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.topquoteonline.co.uk/insurance-glossary/terms/B/BUPA | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.904696 | 184 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Gheorghe Zamfir (Photo: courtesy of BGICS)
The Romanian pan-flautist Gheorghe Zamfir will perform a benefit concert in Cairo on 19 January in support of female cancer patients and their treatment.
Zamfir, 76, is world famous for his renditions of traditional music performed on pan-flute, as well as his own compositions.
The musical event, titled Music Against Cancer, has been arranged in association with the Breast-Gynecological International Cancer Society (BGICS), a Cairo-based organization that aims at "promoting optimal standards of care for patients with breast gynecological cancers."
The concert will form part of the 10th Breast, Gynecological and Immuno-oncology International Cancer Conference (BGIICC), which will take place on 18 and 19 January at Cairo's Fairmont Towers Hotel.
Many members of the international medical community, as well as Egyptian film and music stars, are due to attend the event, which aims at spreading awareness of cancer and its treatment, while raising funds to support patient care.
In a press release, the president of BGICS, Prof. Hesham El-Ghazaly, stressed his interest in the search for modern cancer treatments with the highest cure rates.
"With our interest in scientific research, we are equally focused on the emotional condition and quality of life of the patients. No doubt, music plays a role in raising the morale of patients, so we chose to involve music in our fight against cancer," he said.
"I am grateful to Gheorghe Zamfir for agreeing to come to Egypt and perform in support of cancer patients. All the proceeds from the event will be utilised for the benefit of cancer patients," he added.
Zamfir, meanwhile, expressed his happiness at being part of the charitable event in "the Land of Pharaohs".
His musical education began on the accordion, but he later changed instruments, playing an expanded version of the traditional Romanian pan-flute and earning the title Master of the Pan-Flute.
In 1966, he was appointed conductor of Romania's prestigious Ciocîrlia Orchestra, and in 1969 he launched his own band, releasing several original compositions, including Messe pour la Paix, which brought him international attention.
Zamfir's musical career has taken him to many countries, including Egypt. In 2009, he held a concert at the Cairo and Alexandria Opera Houses. In 2016 he was featured as a guest of honor during Richard Clayderman's concert in Cairo.
He currently resides and teaches in the Romanian capital Bucharest.
For more arts and culture news and updates, follow Ahram Online Arts and Culture on Twitter at @AhramOnlineArts and on Facebook at Ahram Online: Arts & Culture | <urn:uuid:9e5cd204-9462-4d51-9b23-273a052cdf64> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/33/288221/Arts--Culture/Music/Renowned-panflautist-Gheorghe-Zamfir-to-hold-Cairo.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.969129 | 586 | 1.671875 | 2 |
The White Settler “Patriots” Pro-Slavery Revolt
Contrary to popular mythology, the white settler rebellion of 1776 was staged, not to establish democracy, but to forestall the abolition of slavery in Britain’s American colonies, according to a new book by Dr. Gerald Horne, a University of Houston professor of history and African American Studies. In The Counter-Revolution of 1776: Slave Resistance and the Origins of the United States of America, Horne said the American rebels’ motivations were much like those of Ian Smith, the white Rhodesian leader who declared unilateral independence from Britain in 1965 to “forestall decolonization” and an end to white rule. Smith himself said he was “walking in the footsteps of 1776.”
“Trayvon Martin’s murder wasn’t an anomaly; it’s something that happens all the time, all day, every day,” said South Carolina political activist Kevin Alexander Gray, co-author of the soon to be released book, Killing Trayvons: An Anthology of American Violence. The volume features a wide range of authors, including Robin D.G. Kelly, Cornel West, Vijay Prashad, bell hooks and many others. “We wanted to cover, not just the trial, but the epidemic of killings by police and the fact that Black women are also killed,” said Gray. “We even went so far as having some people who may even agree with the jury’s verdict because they thought the prosecution put on such a weak case.”
Race Casts “Long Shadow” on Education and Employment Prospects
A longitudinal study of 790 low-income young people in Baltimore found that only 4 percent of Blacks earned a four-year college degree by age 28, far fewer than whites from similar family backgrounds. According to Johns Hopkins University sociologist Dr. Karl Alexander, co-author of the report on the 23-year study, titled “The Long Shadow,” about 15 percent of Blacks in the study group attended four-year college programs, and another 15 to 20 percent spent time in two-year programs, but “the vast majority were unable to see it through” to a bachelors degree for various reasons. “Where race most clearly comes into play is in employment opportunities in the high-skill, high pay employment sector in the construction crafts and skilled trades,” said Alexander. By age 28, 45 percent of white males in the Baltimore study were working in that sector, compared to only 15 percent of Blacks, with whites earning twice as much pay.
Mumia: Corporate Media “Learned Nothing” from Iraq War
The U.S. corporate media is once again showing “not even the pretense of objectivity” in its war-mongering coverage of Syria and Iraq, said Mumia Abu Jamal, the nation’s best known political prisoner, in a report for Prison Radio. “They have become heralds of hell” who have “learned nothing” since 2003, when they sold the public on the Iraq invasion.
Black Agenda Radio on the Progressive Radio Network is hosted by Glen Ford and Nellie Bailey. A new edition of the program airs every Monday at 11:00am ET on PRN. Length: One hour. | <urn:uuid:fd00e6e8-f6ca-4c65-9538-2559132e107a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.blackagendareport.com/content/listen-black-agenda-radio-progressive-radio-network-glen-ford-and-nellie-bailey-%E2%80%93-week-7714 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00480-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961178 | 705 | 2.78125 | 3 |
The game of guessing the least likely celebrity to write a children's story has been hotting up; in the past month alone we have had picture books from Madonna and Jeanette Winterson. But then just as it started getting fun, it's over, and all bets are off. For the least likely personage of them all, the one name you would never associate with children's writing no matter how often you've played, has just launched not just one, but the first of ten, books written entirely for children.
This week Dorling Kindersley, publishers of such favourite illustrated toddlers' titles as My First Book of Trucks (chunky board books for children heavy on pictures and short sentences), ventures into bookshops with their newest project for children. It's a ten-volume history of the world, written by Peter Ackroyd: that most prolific novelist, biographer (of William Blake, Charles Dickens, Thomas More and T S Eliot) and chronicler of London, a writer not previously best known for breaking up his dense, allusive texts with pictures and brightly coloured diagrams.
This is an odd pairing: Ackroyd and a children's ten-part encyclopedia called Voyages through Time, which opens with The Beginning and Escape from the Earth (Dorling Kindersley, £14.99 each). Ackroyd is a writer who takes a single subject, and widens it out by the depth of his investigation. For example, when we meet he has just finished four days piecing together all the facts about Shakespeare's neighbours in the street where the Bard was born - "about as narrow a focus as you can get", as he puts it. The painstaking work has revealed that they were all inter-related somehow. "Nothing that would interest anybody," he says, "but two of them had sons who were renegade Catholic priests, and the street had only glovers and haberdashers. It's just contextualising details which will help me understand his childhood. Not the sort of thing you can use; well, you can put it in a biography but you've got to sort of dramatise it somehow, you need to make it significant." Despite thinking he won't be able to use it, his pleasure in the discovery is patent.
And yet here is Ackroyd taking on a limitless brief: the story of the world. It runs counter to everything one knows of him as a writer. Also, while Winterson, say, famously wrote about her own childhood in Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit, Ackroyd was first a very precocious child himself - he was reading by the age of two - and secondly, as he tells me, he knows no children.
"It came about because Dorling Kindersley asked me to do it," Ackroyd says. "At first I was surprised, and then I thought it was a good idea." He finishes the sentence abruptly, a defiant stare away into the distance, bit like a toddler actually - take it or leave it. Well, there is something of the child about Ackroyd: he has never lost that toddler skill of working and working away at something, a hundred times if necessary, to uncover whatever is there to find out.
You get a sense of what an odd, if inspired publishing idea this historical encyclopedia is when Ackroyd comes into the lounge of the hotel at which he has decided to meet. Though he does many interviews in this old-fashioned Knightsbridge haunt, the bar staff don't recognise his name. When he turns up, absolutely punctual, he arrives silently up the deeply carpeted stairs and moves into the room swiftly, ready for the allotted business. He's quite taken aback by the sight of my baby with me, whom I am just handing over to my husband to take.
A while later, he's still puzzling over it, and it's something he finds surprising enough to ask about - probably the only question he asks me. "Was that your baby?" he asks. "Whatever was it doing here?" He sounds as if the conjunction of a baby and this hotel is the most bizarre circumstance. But at their point of contact, he and the baby shared the exact same very direct gaze followed by self-absorption as they looked off into middle distance.
It was Miriam Farbey, the very precisely-titled "Director of Publishing, Eight Plus" at Dorling Kindersley who dreamt up the Ackroyd - History of the World match. "I wanted to do a really unusual commission," she told me. "I was standing in Waterstone's looking at the children's history titles, and thinking 'nothing very interesting there', and then I wandered over to adult history and thought, 'Well, who's my favourite author here?'"
Ackroyd was given free rein to choose the topics he wanted to cover, and he feels he has made no concessions in his style. "I think DK shortened the sentences. Long sentences, apparently, might be an impediment to smaller readers, so where I put semi-colons they probably put full stops. I also think some of the harder words had to go, but again, that's fine with me."
Semi-colons, and the balance they give a sentence, do matter to writers though; it's a measure of his involvement in this project that he is taking this amount of interference with his prose. The encyclopedia is his contribution to countering today's dire educational scene. "It's my only way of helping," he nods. "I have a sense of the importance of history in the minds of the young. The little I can do, is the best I can do. It's just a book, but if you can help just one child learn, or be interested in reading, then it's worth it."
He starts working at about eight each morning, and finishes at nine in the evening, breaking for lunch, and the mandatory visit to the health club forced upon him since his heart attack a few years back. He writes 1500 words a day, on more than one project at a time. Right now, he's doing Shakespeare and Turner, and in the evenings he reads round the subjects. "I'm not at all prolific compared to 19th-century writers, you know. Dickens didn't think anything of writing three or four thousand words a day, Shakespeare wrote three plays a year. But they worked much more intensively than I do." He writes non-fiction straight onto computer, fiction in long-hand first.
How did he tackle the breadth of reading required to write the world's history? "There are only a certain number of books you need to read on each subject," he says. To do the beginnings of American civilisation, he read 10 books on the Aztecs, 10 on the Incas, ten on the Mayas: "Ten will usually do it." He has made a discovery during his researches on the early Americans (one of the forthcoming volumes for Dorling Kindersley): "some natural progress, some association between the various cultures", which has not been seen before.
The Aztecs have also fine-tuned his (already sharp) view of London. "The Aztecs believed a city was a kind of death machine. It doesn't alter one's impressions of London, but it does give a slightly different shift; maybe London could also be seen as an artefact of death. Smithfield: I can see the resemblance to the Aztec city. The sense of death: it's where animals are slaughtered, also there was a huge plague pit there, and it's also where martyrs were burned at the stake - the confluence of these three images of death. There's something Aztec about London."
The hefty intellectual work and productivity beg an obvious question. For every time there's a profile of Ackroyd, as sure as children will not appear in the narrative, so you can be certain that the words alcohol and drunk will. A man with unforced good manners, Ackroyd yet becomes quite testy when I mention his alcoholic reputation in passing. "It's a lot of tosh," he says. "I drink in the evenings, when I'm eating. But all this rubbish about me; it all began years ago when I was drinking, and it just gets recycled every time a book appears. How could I possibly drink so much, be such a fool, and do all this?" Precisely.
The heart attack didn't affect his work either, he says:"I was breathless, I went to the doctor and I was put in an ambulance. Next thing I knew, I woke up one week later."Resolutely unsentimental, he laughs when he says how it's supposed to be a life-changing experience, "and all that". He was close to death: 50-50 whether he'd live or die. "People ask you, what did you see? And the thing is I do remember exactly what I saw; it was Arab women dancing. I thought, what a peculiar thing for a death vision."
This makes him laugh, but has no meaning at all, he says. "It's just one of these random visions which people get. Which suggests that near-death experiences are probably as insignificant, as casual, as any other experience."
And shortly after that (well, we do discuss Hendon, because as he says Londoners always come up to talk about their neighbourhoods), he swoops out of the hotel as swiftly as he came, away from the casual and back to the deeply serious. "That was really interesting," I say to him before he slips away. "Was it?" he chuckles, quizzically, though perfectly friendly. And then he leaves, a small and very likeable man of letters, but not one to be pinned down.
Peter Ackroyd was born in London on 5 October 1949. A student at Clare College, Cambridge, he was awarded a double first in English and became a Mellon fellow at Yale University. He worked for the Spectator from 1973 to 1982, and became chief book reviewer for The Times in 1986. His novels include Hawksmoor (1985), the Booker-shortlisted Chatterton (1987), The House of Dr Dee (1993), Dan Leno and the Limehouse Golem (1994) and, this year, The Clerkenwell Tales (Chatto & Windus). As a biographer, his subjects have been Pound, Eliot, Dickens, Blake and Thomas More. He has also published an acclaimed "biography" of London and, in 2002, his survey of English culture, Albion. The first volumes of his Voyages through Time series for children, The Beginning (on prehistory) and Escape from Earth (on space exploration), are now published by Dorling Kindersley.Reuse content | <urn:uuid:0e67f264-619d-48aa-94c0-1b472f19725d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/peter-ackroyd-captain-of-the-time-machine-8823033.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00272-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.985258 | 2,226 | 2 | 2 |
The MEP Water Group organised a public session on « The role of water in adaptation to climate change » at the European Parliament in Brussels, in which Finnova attended. The open session aimed to explain the importance of water resources in response to this issue, as well as, the European Union roadmap and some best practices implemented.
The session, opened by Esther de Lange Chairwoman of the MEP Water Group and Vice-Chair of the European People’s Party (EPP) in the European Parliament, gathered together experts from European institutions like Yvon Slingenberg (DG CLIMA), Mario Nova (DG Environment of the Lombardy Region), Jakob Moller Nielsen (City of Copenhagen) or Jean-Pierre Maugendre (SUEZ).
“Adaptation is getting a momentum within the climate change. Both Mitigation and adaptation are key… Then, by 2021 member states will be asked to report on their climate adaptation plan”, explained Yvon Slingenberg, Director of International and Mainstreaming of DG CLIMA.
Concerning the European Water Policy, its implementation is slowly. Because of that, Slingenberg stressed, « Member states have to accelerate the implementation of this policy, which contains adaptation to climate change”.
Slingenberg also pointed out the particular challenge cities have in this regarding, “cities are particular crucial in adaptation and mitigation to climate change”. In consequence she emphasised the European initiative “Covenant of Mayors” launched in 2008 with the ambition to gather local governments voluntarily committed to achieving and exceeding the EU climate and energy targets.
The initiative now gathers 7,000+ local and regional authorities across 57 countries drawing on the strengths of a worldwide multi-stakeholder movement and the technical and methodological support offered by dedicated offices.
In 2017 the Global Covenant of Mayors will be launched and will capitalise on the experience gained over the past eight years in Europe and beyond, and build upon the key success factors of the initiative: its bottom-up governance, its multi-level cooperation model and its context-driven framework for action.
Mario Nova, Director General of DG Environment, Energy and Sustainable Development of Lombardy Region, also agreed to create networks between regions and joins efforts between local and regional administrations.
Nova mentioned LIFE programme (the EU’s funding instrument for the environment and climate action) as an “integrated tool where define and create synergies” between regions, public and private sector and innovative ideas and projects. All in all to develop and put in practice solutions towards clima action.
Another funding instrument highlighted was the Horizon 2020 programme, which funds researchers and innovators on adaptation to climate change, among other topics.
Jean-Pierre Maugendre, Deputy Director for Sustainable Development (SUEZ), reminded “circular economy concerns also water”, so methodologies must be implemented to close the loop.
Jakob Moller Nielsen, Director for Urban Development of the City of Copenhagen, presented the best practices of the Nordic city in adaptation to climate change.
The MEP Water Group plays a key role in making sure that Europe’s water resources are managed in a sustainable and equitable way to the benefit of the European economy and society as a whole.
Water in a geopolitical context, water and energy, irrigation, the importance of water in safeguarding sufficient resources, raw materials and food production, and the role of water in city planning, are only some of the dossiers the MEP Water Group aims to cover. The MEP Water Group is here to place water higher on the European political agenda and contribute to shaping the future EU water policy. | <urn:uuid:781b7ae1-de55-452a-be2c-fa6534c679f1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://finnova.eu/fr/adapting-water-in-response-to-climate-change-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.906115 | 753 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Is a bird with white front feathers, light blue feathers on its second row, blue on its third row, and red on its fourth row. Flapping her wings can cause short flares of fire to appear.
- Embering Rainbow- Embery charges into her opponent with a sparkling aura
- Splatting Embers- Embery releases flames that double every few seconds
- Solar Ember- Embery releases a beam of fiery force, made from solar energy, at her opponent
- Dancing Flames- Embery sends flames at her opponent, from her mouth
- Burning Release- Embery releases heated energy for an attack
- Brush Flare- Embery swings her wings creating flares of fire that shot towards the opponent
- Phoenix Erupt- Erupting fire from Embery targets the opponent and its surroundings
- Demon's Fire- Embery releases energy from her wings, that create a demon of fire
- Demon's Erupt- The Demon like beast explodes with flames bursting everywhere
Evolved from Embery, Blazzery's wings have grown. Red flames show on the back of her wings, while blue feathers still remain. She has a white belly with a few burning hairs.
- Repelling Burn- Blazzery flaps her wings at her opponent
- Redburst Crash- Blazzery charges into her opponent with red flames bursting after impact
- Firing Straight- Flames around Blazzery build up as a beam
- Overdose- Blazzery's flames turns blue with popping flames
- Redburst Axcrash- Axolf climbs onto Blazzery with his ax pointing towards his opponent. Blazzery charges towards the opponent when ready | <urn:uuid:7cfdb252-7d61-4846-98bc-fc2f3b717a95> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://fanonlords.wikia.com/wiki/Embery | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00327-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.919184 | 340 | 2 | 2 |
A publication of the Archaeological Institute of America
Discovering evidence of an ill-fated mission in the frigid waters of the Arctic
Video: Diving the HMS Investigator
Slideshow: An Arctic Expedition in Watercolor
It was well past midnight this past July and the round-the-clock Arctic sun was shining on Mercy Bay. Exhausted Parks Canada archaeologist Ryan Harris was experiencing a rare moment of rest on the rocky beach, looking out over the bay’s dark, ice-studded water. Around him, a dozen red-and-yellow tents lined the shoreline—the only signs of life. Every day for the previous two weeks, work had started by mid-morning and continued nonstop for 16 hours. Night and day had little relevance in the murky, near-freezing waters. Along with Parks Canada’s chief of underwater archaeology, Marc-Andre Bernier, Harris has overseen more than 100 dives at this remote inlet of Banks Island in Aulavik National Park, exploring the wreck of HMS Investigator, a British vessel that has sat on the bottom of the bay for more than 160 years.
Harris and a small team of archaeologists had discovered Investigator in 2010 and returned in 2011 with a larger team to dive, study, and document the wreck, which holds a critical place in the history of Arctic exploration. Twenty-five feet below the surface, Investigator sits upright, intact, and remarkably well preserved. Silt covers everything below the main deck, entombing the officers’ cabins, the ship’s galley, and a full library. The archaeologists had intended to leave the wreck and its artifacts where they had lain since the polar ship was abandoned, trapped in ice, on June 3, 1853. Artifact recovery was not part of their original plan, but that plan changed after theirfirst few dives.
The team was instantly surprised by the number of artifacts they saw—muskets, shoes, and hunks of copper sheathing rested on Investigator’s upper deck, dangled off the hull, or lay haphazardly on the sediment. Leaving these artifacts behind in Mercy Bay would have made them vulnerable to the icebergs that regularly scour the bay’s floor, including the ones the sixman dive team had been dodging since their arrival.
Each piece fished from the water was a clue to life at sea aboard a ship during a period of British fervor for Arctic exploration. The captain of Investigator, Robert McClure, was originally sent to find and rescue two ships, HMS Erebus and HMS Terror, that Sir John Franklin had led into the Arctic in 1845 to discover the long-sought Northwest Passage connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Investigator’s voyage ended, without sight or word of Franklin’s ships or crew, when it was set upon by ice in Mercy Bay. After 39 months at sea, the listing ship sat, slowly being crushed on all sides, for three frigid years—with no Inuit encounters, no British search parties, and no relief. For much of that time, McClure and his crew of 60 were desperate and under constant threat of starvation, until a surprising rescue in the spring of 1853. Fifty-five men survived the ordeal.
In July 2010, after months of study to pinpoint Investigator’s resting place, the actual discovery of the wreck took just a few minutes. Harris was in the bay in an inflatable boat testing sonar equipment when the wreck came into range. The four hours of video gathered on that trip showed that the ship was, in essence, frozen in time, protected by the cold water and opaque, light-blocking ice cover. It would be a year before they could return with cold-water diving equipment to have a closer, more detailed look. Over that year, the Parks Canada team pored over photographs and examined glowing gold ultrasound images that showed timber from the wreck scattered across the upper deck like matchsticks. They sought and received the blessing for a more intensive exploration of the wreck site from the 136 residents of Sachs Harbour, an Inuvialuit (Inuit from the western Arctic) community on the southwestern tip of Banks Island, the closest permanent community, some 125 miles away. In addition to the underwater work to document the wreck, archaeologist Henry Cary led a land-based survey and excavation team of Inuvialuit archaeologists, conservation officers, and park staff. It fell upon Cary to shuttle the 8,820 pounds of equipment up to the 74th parallel, including tents, a three-week supply of food, two boats, diving gear, compressors, recording equipment, surveying tools, and 20 barrels for collecting fresh drinking water.
The archaeologists came prepared for delays, nasty weather, and polar bears—but they weren’t prepared for the number of artifacts that needed recovery. Harris, Bernier, Cary, and their crews had packed cameras, lasers, and measuring tapes to document the sites but fewer items to help them retrieve, excavate, or transfer artifacts. Recovering the wreck’s finds quickly used up their small toolkit for stabilizing artifacts: foam padding, tongue depressors, and gauze bandages.
“We had not really envisioned the number of artifacts that were visible and exposed on the deck. So, basically, we had to improvise,”says Bernier.
Someone ripped the lid of a large black storage case off its hinges to use as a cradle to lift a bent and corroded musket from the frigid waters. A large food cooler was loaded with a shredded, twisted, oxidized sample of the copper sheathing used by the British navy to reinforce their Arctic fleet for contact with icebergs. To protect a fragile rectangle of encrusted felt—a novel addition to Investigator that was intended to keep the ship watertight—Harris fashioned a cover out of absorbent chamois, ripped up an old black T-shirt to place underneath it, and sandwiched the artifact between floorboards taken from the boat that had shuttled them between land and the wreck. The artifacts then made a more than 4,000-mile journey, by helicopter, Twin Otter plane, and commercial airliner, to the Parks Canada conservation lab in Ottawa, where they are being conserved and studied today.
Improvisation was also critical for McClure’s Arctic odyssey, according to diaries and other accounts written by McClure and his crew. In January 1850, Investigator and the officers, sailors, and marines on board set sail from Devonport, England. But the ship lagged behind its traveling companion, HMS Enterprise, which cleared out resupply ports along the way. In Honolulu, McClure heard rumors that his mission would be called off if he continued to fall behind. So he made a gamble, abandoning the traditional 60-day route into the Arctic, and followed an untested course due north through the gauntlet of the Aleutian Islands. He trimmed a month from his journey.
McClure pushed into the Prince of Wales Strait, which separates Banks and Victoria islands, and then set off with a six-man crew across the ice on a sled, hoping to find a path through to the Northwest Passage. After days of travel, on October 26, 1850, his team spotted open water (now known as McClure Strait), and well-known Melville Island beyond. This was it: the Northwest Passage. But actually navigating the ship there would prove much more difficult. After McClure and his crew spent a winter stuck aboard Investigator in the Prince of Wales Strait, on the southeast side of Banks Island, McClure doubled back to circumnavigate the island in search of the open water he had seen from the sled. By the end of the summer of 1851, McClure had sailed into the strait that now bears his name and reached the Bay of God’s Mercy (now Mercy Bay) on the north side of Banks Island, in the middle of the Northwest Passage. In the bay, ice set in and did not give way.
Almost immediately, the men were put on two-thirds rations, though they found deer and Arctic hare to hunt on shore. In the spring of 1852, McClure sent a sled team to seek assistance on Melville Island, but they found no provisions or sign of rescue. They left a message in the hope that search parties might visit there. Both health and spirits began to wane, but there were a few reasons for optimism. As the ship’s supply of venison was depleted, Sergeant John Woon (later decorated for valor on the mission) felled two musk oxen—647 pounds of fresh meat. And as the symptoms of scurvy started to appear, they discovered a stash of wild sorrel and prepared salads to pushback the disease.
“This was a totally alien landscape to them and yet, at the same time, men at least 10 or 15 years younger than me had been to India, Australia. They had sailed all over the world. So the idea of a new landscape was nothing unusual for them,” says Cary, who is 35. “But I think being stuck there would have played on their emotions.”
McClure watched his men grow sicker and weaker. In September 1852, losing hope, he devised a plan to send half the crew away for a better chance at rescue, while he and the remaining 30 would wait in Mercy Bay for another year before abandoning the ship. At the same time, unbeknownst to McClure, HMS Resolute, another British polar ship, had arrived at Melville Island and had found the message McClure’s crew left earlier that year, outlining Investigator’s predicament and position. It was the first word anyone had received from McClure in years and reason enough to send a search party to Mercy Bay.
On April 7, 1853, as McClure prepared to send his teams out in search of help, the first of Investigator’s crew succumbed to scurvy. McClure and his first lieutenant walked along the shores of Mercy Bay, trying to figure out how to dig a proper grave in the permafrost for Boatswain John Doyle. In the distance, they saw what McClure later described as an image of one of his own men being pursued by a bear. As the apparition approached, it took on the shape of Lieutenant Bedford Pim of Resolute.
An underwater archaeologist floats beside theInvestigator wreck.(Courtesy Parks Canada, Brett Seymour, NPS)
Archaeologists documented and excavated terrestrial sites, including McClure’s cache, where the crew stashed supplies.(Courtesy Parks Canada, John Lucas Jr.)
A stone cairn that the crew erected as a signal for passing ships.(Courtesy Parks Canada, Edward Eastaugh)
“The heart was too full for the tongue to speak,” McClure later wrote.
In July 2011, helicopter malfunctions kept Bernier, Harris, and the final load of equipment from reaching Mercy Bay for three days. For Harris, the logistical challenges were frustrating. For Bernier, they were agony. He had sat out the 2010 trip when Investigator was first discovered, so he was dying for a look at the wreck. A second aircraft was called in and finally got everyone and everything to camp. Harris and Jonathan Moore, a British-born underwater archaeologist, slipped into the water above Investigator for the first time at 10:22 p.m. to assess the site, check for safety hazards, and decide what could be done. In 2010, the water had been crystal clear, so the wreck was visible from the surface. This time the water was hazy and murky, perhaps because of heavy runoff from the melting snow and ice. The two divers could see only 10 or 15 feet in front of them.
“As we proceeded toward the hull, it gradually started to loom out of the haze,” Harris says. “It’s really an exceptional shipwreck to behold, just sitting in this stately fashion, upright on the sea floor. It’s been heavily impacted by ice grinding down on top of it over the years, but it’s held together impressively well. It’s quite majestic.”
While the divers explored the wreck, Cary led the search for remains of the McClure expedition on land. In 2010, his team had found a depot of supplies, known as McClure’s cache, which the crew left on the shore of Mercy Bay as an insurance policy for waylaid sailors like themselves. In studying the cache, Cary was examining not only what materials McClure’s men brought to the north and stashed, but also what items were taken (or left behind) by Inuits who later mined the cache for clothing, or materials for hunting and cooking.
The itemized list that McClure left at the site states there were seven pairs of boots in the cache. Of those, the soles of six pairs of those boots were left behind, unused by visiting Inuits. This suggested to Cary that the soles were of no practical use to the Inuit. By contrast, cans appear to have been coveted. Joe Kudlak, an Inuit patrolman with Parks Canada, found a tin can believed to have originated with Investigator a few miles south. An identical specimen was found at a kill site for musk oxen 15 minutes away by helicopter. Still others have been found cut up and refashioned by Inuit into blades and other cutting tools that incorporate bones, antlers, and other more traditional Inuit materials.
Cary also used the writings of Johann Miertsching, a Moravian missionary who had spent time with Inuit in Labrador and was part of Investigator’s crew, to locate the whalebone remnants of a Paleoeskimo camp site dating back 2,500 years. A new translation of those writings, plus a magnetometer, which measures magnetic fields, also helped the team in 2010 find the graves of the three crew members who died at Mercy Bay. The bodies of John Eames, John Boyle, and John Kerr were all found lying in a north-to-south line facing east, in keeping with the Anglican tradition. Because of the permafrost, the earth at the graves was still raised. The graves might have been dug and filled in yesterday, Cary says, underlining for him the power and permanence of the Investigator story.
“It hasn’t changed in 150 years. When you’re standing at McClure’s cache, the landscape that the men of Investigator would have looked out at from the ship and from the shore is exactly the same. There’s been absolutely no change whatsoever,” he says. “And when you’re at the Paleoeskimo site, you realize there’s been no change for 2,500 years.”
In the 2011 field season, Cary and his crew strapped a high-resolution digital camera to the bottom of a helicopter and photographed the area with the goal of testing the accuracy of a topographic map made in 1853 by Stephen Court, the second master aboard Investigator. They also collected several terrestrial artifacts, including the head of a barrel believed to have belonged to the British military and a quartz knife made at the Paleoeskimo site.
“It was just sitting there,” Cary says of the discovery. They also recovered a large bell-shaped iron truss, first located decades ago, that is believed to have supported Investigator’s topsail. It was found on the beach, buried under loose rock on the shore. No one knows how it got there, but the clamp section, once round, is now oval—a testament to the crushing power of Arctic sea ice.
Archaeologists retrieved a double-sheave pulley from the ship’s rigging(Courtesy Parks Canada, Louis Barnes)
An X-ray of the artifact reveals the British broad arrow stamped onto the spokes of both of the pulley’s brass sheaves.(Courtesy Parks Canada)
Archaeologists from Parks Canada, on the shore of Mercy Bay, examine the felt sheet recovered from the Investigator wreck site. A rare artifact, the hearty fabric was applied along the inside of Investigator’s hull and beneath her upper deck to insulate the vessel and make her more watertight.(Courtesy Parks Canada, John Lucas Jr.)
In the Ottawa laboratory where the materials recovered so far are being studied and analyzed, other rich stories of McClure’s era and his adventures are emerging. The bent, broken, and corroded musket, for example, likely belonged to one of eight Royal Marines aboard the ship. The iron, copper, and wood specimen is still soaking in a bath of deionized water months after being recovered, but it’s in good enough shape to see the markings on the butt plate. “1842, we believe, is the likely date of manufacture,” according to Harris.
“It’s kind of worn,” says Parks Canada conservator Flora Davidson, who runs the chemical baths used to remove the saltwater from the artifacts and preserve the metals. Also visible is the marking “W&D,” which the researchers believe shows that the owner of the gun was posted to the Woolwich Division of the Royal Marines, stationed at the Woolwich Dockyards in London.
“Possibly, the record might exist to attribute this particular weapon to an individual, which makes it kind of exciting,” Harris says.
Each piece of copper sheathing affixed to the hull of Investigator is marked not only with its place and date of production, but also with a broad arrow, showing it to be property of the British navy. The same arrow shows up on fasteners, bolts, and the tiniest tacks, as well as on X-rays of a wooden rope pulley that Bernier raised from the wreck. Initially, the pulley was covered in mud, but after some cleaning, the archaeologists noticed that it also contained several strands of cord. The lab showed that the cord contained not just hemp, which was the primary choice of material for rope back then, but also wool—“Rogue’s Wool,” to be precise. They believe the fabric, now a muddy brown color, was originally red, identifying it as the official rope of London’s Deptford Dockyard.
Also in the lab, in a shallow basin, is what Harris refers to as a “potentially one-of-a-kind artifact.” Soaking in water in the basin is the gray, rectangular sheet of thick, coarse felt, stained with bright orange patches of rust and little bolt holes. Harris’ black T-shirt, brought into service as a protective pad, peeks out from beneath it. The material is not unlike today’s felt—a pressed textile—however, this sturdy stuff would have been used to waterproof ships. There are stories of damaged vessels limping back to England only to discover that their felt was all that had been keeping them afloat. Drawings of Investigator show that the felt was placed beneath the wood on the upper deck and all along the reinforced hull. This is a rare find, as few similar samples from the period have been discovered or preserved.
Under the microscope, the felt yields a particularly Canadian surprise. It is woven from the guard hairs of beaver pelts—known for their water resistant qualities—suggesting that at least one North American pelt had made a round trip to England and back again. Now the team at the Parks Canada lab is looking into how the textile was produced—by hand or machine—and examining the properties that made it so well suited to service in the Arctic.
“Not too many of these have been found, so we’re, in a way, breaking new ground and asking questions that have never been asked before,” says Bernier.
“Yeah,” Davidson interjects. “You keep on bringing in these strange things, and when I consult my colleagues, they just say, ‘Good luck with that.’”
The ironies of Investigator’s tale are that what began as a rescue mission required a rescue of its own, and that the expedition eventually achieved the tasks that had been set for Franklin and the now-lost HMS Erebus and HMS Terror (for which Parks Canada is also searching). However, Franklin and those earlier lost ships have long overshadowed McClure, his crew, and their accomplishments. The 55 members of Investigator’s crew who returned home to England received a hero’s welcome and a 10,000 pound reward—half for McClure and half distributed among the others. Despite their initial acclaim, their efforts were largely forgotten. The Investigator crew returned to a country that had largely tired of Arctic exploration. It was felt that these expeditions had eaten up too much time, too much money, and too many men. Perhaps a cold death might have secured them more enduring fame.
McClure and his crew, however, understood their achievement. It is known that while stuck in the ice, they celebrated every October 26 (when McClure first saw the strait now named after him) as the day that they had discovered the Northwest Passage. What’s more, because they had entered the Northwest Passage from the west and were rescued from the east, those men were the first—by ship, foot, sled, and ship again—to make it all the way through the legendary northern route between the oceans.
“Our goal,” Harris says, “is to remove Investigator from the margins of history.”
Allan Woods is a writer and reporter at the Toronto Star. | <urn:uuid:ee030cff-2842-4ace-a1bc-f25ffc93f9ea> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://archive.archaeology.org/1203/features/hms_investigator_shipwreck_arctic_exploration.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00292-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973277 | 4,518 | 3.34375 | 3 |
|Publication number||US4375112 A|
|Application number||US 06/117,831|
|Publication date||Mar 1, 1983|
|Filing date||Feb 4, 1980|
|Priority date||Feb 4, 1980|
|Publication number||06117831, 117831, US 4375112 A, US 4375112A, US-A-4375112, US4375112 A, US4375112A|
|Inventors||Virginia R. Leonhart|
|Original Assignee||Leonhart Virginia R|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (23), Classifications (6)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
A pillow is disclosed herein which will enable a woman to lie comfortably with curlers in her hair and also to keep her hair neat. It is well known that a neat hairdo gives a woman a psychological uplift. The invention involved herein is intended to make a woman feel it is worth her time and expense going to her hair dresser. The inventor has experimented with the present invention for the past year and has frequently been asked how she keeps her hairset from week to week.
It is an object of the invention to provide an improved pillow.
Another object of the invention is to provide a pillow that is adapted to keep a woman's hair neat for an extended period of time.
Another object of the invention is to provide a pillow with a hole in the center through which a woman can extend her hairdo to protect it while she sleeps.
With the above and other objects in view, the present invention consists of the combination and arrangement of parts hereinafter more fully described, illustrated in the accompanying drawing and more particularly pointed out in the appended claims, it being understood that changes may be made in the form, size, proportions and minor details of construction without departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of the advantages of the invention.
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of the pillow according to the invention with the pillow case removed.
FIG. 2 is a top view of the pillow before the central hole is formed.
FIG. 3 is an edge view of the pillow.
FIG. 4 is a top view of a pillow, indicated by numeral 110, in which the cut 17 runs from hole 16 toward an end edge.
FIG. 5 is a top view of the pillowcase on a pillow with rounded edges.
FIG. 6 is a top view of the pillow case for use with the pillow.
Now, with more particular reference to the drawing, the pillow shown is indicated generally at 10. It is generally rectangular in shape and has two sides with edges 12 and 13 and two ends with edges 14 and 15 and a central opening 16.
The edges of the pillow 12, 13, 14 and 15 as well as the edges of the hole 16 are rounded.
The pillow may be made of plastic foam, foam rubber or any other suitable material and the edges of sides 12, 13, 14, 15 and opening 16 will be squeezed together and cemented around the periphery 21 defining said opening and along side edges 12, 13, 14, and 15 at 21 and 22 to hold the top and bottom together along the edges in the contour shape disclosed.
The pillow is cut laterally from the hole 16 to the edge along the line 17 which connects the hold 16 to any of the four edges.
The side edges of the pillow may have cement applied to them and the top and bottom adjaent the edges may be squeezed together and clamped together to form the contoured edge. The pillow case indicated generally in FIG. 6 at 20 has a central opening and the outer edges of the pillowcase which are substantially the same size as the pillow, are hemmed, as indicated by numeral 22. Thus, the pillow can be inserted into the pillow case.
The pillow case may have a zipper 30 around the inside or a zipper 31 around the outside or both to allow the pillow case to be replaced or the seams could be sewed or held by any fasteners.
The embodiment of FIG. 6 shows a pillow case with a hole cut in the top to overlie the hole in the pillow.
The foregoing specification sets forth the invention in its preferred, practical forms but the structure shown is capable of modification within a range of equivalents without departing from the invention which is to be understood is broadly novel as is commensurate with the appended claims.
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|US6408468 *||Jul 19, 2001||Jun 25, 2002||Kristen Comfort||Pillow to facilitate hearing|
|US7437788 *||Jan 19, 2007||Oct 21, 2008||Holman Elward L||Pillow|
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|US20040107502 *||Dec 4, 2003||Jun 10, 2004||Boone E. Vanessa||Headrest|
|US20050102759 *||Nov 16, 2004||May 19, 2005||Myrick Mary L.||Method for preserving hairstyle and pillow used therefor|
|US20090183749 *||Jul 23, 2009||Lois Martin||Hairstyle keeper|
|US20090211031 *||Feb 9, 2009||Aug 27, 2009||Janine Kloes||Support pillow for relieving pressure on muscles, tendons and blood vessels and method therefor|
|US20090288256 *||Nov 26, 2009||Douglas Jean T||Headrest for protecting a hairstyle|
|US20120079659 *||Apr 5, 2012||Rick Loos||Neck support pillow|
|US20130164482 *||Oct 15, 2012||Jun 27, 2013||Anthony Tornetta||Decorative and Protective Covering|
|US20140109318 *||Oct 24, 2012||Apr 24, 2014||Rick Loos||Neck support pillow|
|USD758762 *||Aug 26, 2013||Jun 14, 2016||janettheb LLC||Pillow|
|CN103379842A *||Sep 30, 2011||Oct 30, 2013||里奇·卢斯||Neck support pillow|
|EP2621312A2 *||Sep 30, 2011||Aug 7, 2013||Rich Loos||Neck support pillow|
|EP2621312A4 *||Sep 30, 2011||Feb 26, 2014||Rich Loos||Neck support pillow|
|U.S. Classification||5/639, 5/636, 5/490| | <urn:uuid:f383df43-ddc9-426f-ba0e-35b619c50778> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.google.com/patents/US4375112 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719027.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00303-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.848876 | 1,942 | 1.796875 | 2 |
When is the best time to buy a new home?
If you read a newspaper before or immediately after the 'Brexit' result, you would have seen warnings of the possible repercussions a ‘leave’ vote would have on the housing market. Then Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne, predicted that house prices would plunge by 10-18% if the UK voted to leave, and the governor of the Bank of England was using words like ‘emergency’ and ‘uncertainty’ as soon as the result was announced.
It’s therefore not surprising that some would-be buyers may now be feeling hesitant, and unsure as to whether they should buy their first home or upsize to a larger one. Property investors may also be wondering whether they should buy into the market.
Fortunately, recent evidence suggests that the risks of 'Brexit' to the housing market have been seriously overstated.
Rather than ‘dropping off a cliff’ as some had predicted following the EU referendum, house prices have actually rebounded in September 2016, with claims prices rose by more than £2,200 in September alone.
That certainly doesn’t sound like the property market is in freefall. In fact, members of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) are predicting that house prices will increase by 3.3% a year on average for the next five years.
“There are clear signs that the housing market is settling down after the initial surprise of the outcome to the EU referendum," argued Simon Rubinsohn, chief economist at RICS. "Buyer enquiries did dip in August but only modestly, and more significantly, sales expectations are beginning to edge upwards once again.”
It’s important to consider seasonal trends in the housing market. Data has indicated the brief dip in enquiries seen this summer was actually the typical summer slowdown that occurs each year, and it was in line with the average figures over the last six years. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has also predicted that Britain’s economy will hold up strongly for the rest of the year, despite originally predicting a “large negative shock” if the UK voted to exit the EU.
Therefore, if its fear of an economic slowdown that’s putting you off buying a property then you can relax slightly. Evidence shows that house prices are actually on the rise, meaning buyers who are ready to purchase should do so now rather than wait for prices to climb even further.
So when IS the best time to buy?
The UK property market has peaks and troughs. For example, more people usually want to buy and sell in spring than at Christmas or in the summer when they are away or busy with school holidays. The Homeowner’s Alliance also says that spring can be an optimum time because the weather is more likely to be good; the garden will be in bloom and more people will be at home. Autumn can also be a good time to buy too although sellers may need to be ready to move fast or risk waiting until after Christmas.
First-time buyers and investors who are ready to buy may decide to make those market peaks and troughs work for them by buying during the slower season. However, that could mean not being able to view as many potential homes as you would like because sellers are holding back.
Of course, when you’re buying a new build home you don’t see that drop off in available housing. At Barratt Homes, we build property all year round as well as offering schemes including Part Exchange Xtra and Movemaker schemes to help prevent you from getting stuck in a slow-moving chain. And with the governments Help to Buy scheme, available exclusively for new build properties, you can get moving with just a 5% deposit. | <urn:uuid:cebc6449-8cfa-429f-a2cb-7fabc954f189> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.barratthomes.co.uk/advice-and-inspiration/when-is-the-best-time-to-buy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.975066 | 788 | 1.617188 | 2 |
FG launches cottage fish farms in Abuja, Ekiti, five other states
MINISTER of Agriculture and Rural Development, Audu Ogbeh, has revealed that the federal government has established cottage fish farms in Abuja, Ekiti, Borno, Imo, Katsina, Nasarawa as well as Rivers states to promote the production of quality fish.
Ogbeh, who made this known during the commemoration of 2017 World Food Day, said the establishment of the fish farms is a product of the Agriculture Promotion Policy (APP) and would reduce Nigeria’s $5million annual expenditure on fish importation.
The minister also stated that the federal government has established a National Aquaculture Certification Centre and carried out a nationwide standardisation and certification of fish farms and processing facilities in compliance with HACCP, EU directives and US Tracy Law to facilitate the export of fish products to foreign markets.
He added that more than 200 kilns have been distributed by the ministry to selected fish markets and farmers nationwide in order to boost shelf life, promote preservation and reduce post-harvest loss in fish production and processing in the country.
Ogbeh, also noted that up to 33 silos complexes with a combined capacity of 1,360,000 metric tonnes and 48 commodity warehouses have been constructed in various parts of the country. | <urn:uuid:599affd8-f802-4408-b632-23e1ef27c910> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tribuneonlineng.com/fg-launches-cottage-fish-farms-abuja-ekiti-five-states/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.962836 | 270 | 1.53125 | 2 |
The main textbook for the class is Andrew Gelman and Jennifer Hill (2007): Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel/Hierarchical Models. [GH]
We additionally use Greene (2003): Econometric Analysis, 5th edition [Greene] and Cameron and Trivedi (2005): Microeconometrics [CT].
Further readings of interest:
|Date||Topic||Reading in text||Handout (if any)||Exercise (if any)||Data, syntax files, anything else of use|
|Week 1: 9/5||Introductory discussion - what do we want to learn? Beginning discussion of hierarchical modeling||Review of single-level regression models. GH, Part 1A "Single-level regression"|
|Week 2: 9/10 and 9/12||No classes. Install R and WinBUGS and learn how to use the software.|| To learn R: "An Introduction to R" available here. Look at Intro, Simple
Manipulations, QUICKLY glance at (but do not master) Object and Factors, then do Arrays, Lists,
Reading Data, Prob Dists, look at loops (you will do this later), skip writing own fns for now, then
do some stats and graphs examples, then look at packages, make sure you can deal with a sample
session and invoking R.
GH: Read and work the examples in 11 and 12. Once you are done with that, work the examples (and only work the examples) in 16 and 17 using Bugs.
|Week 3: 9/17 and 9/19||Multilevel analysis: fixed effects and random effects models|| GH, Part 2A "Multilevel regression"
Jeffrey B. Lewis and Drew A. Linze (2005): Estimating Regression Models in Which the Dependent Variable Is Based on Estimates. Political Analysis 13:345-364
John D. Huber, Georgia Kernell, and Eduardo L. Leoni (2005): Institutional Context, Cognitive Resources and Party Attachments Across Democracies. Political Analysis 13:365-386
K. Robinson (1991): That BLUP is a Good Thing: The Estimation of Random Effects. Statistical Science, Vol. 6, No. 1. (Feb., 1991), pp. 15-32
Greene, Chapter 13 "Models for Panel Data" and/or CT, Chapter V "Models for Panel Data"
| Hmwk 01
example solution (for Huber et al. data only)
|data and codebook for Huber et al. (2005)|
|Week 4: 9/24 and 9/26||Multilevel analysis continued||Nathaniel Beck and Jonathan N. Katz (2007): Random Coefficient Models for Time-Series-Cross-Section Data: Monte Carlo Experiments. Political Analysis 15(2):182-195
Nathaniel Beck and Jonathan N. Katz (2004): Random Coefficient Models for Time-Series-Cross-Section Data. California Institute of Technology, Social Science Working Paper 1205. See pp. 9-12 for GLS approach.
| Greene, pp. 289-290, 295-296
John D. Hey (1983): Data in Doubt, pp. 27-29, 116-119, 137-152
|Week 5: 10/1 and 10/3||Multilevel analysis: computational bayes - MCMC|| Simon Jackman's book draft "Bayesian Analysis for the Social Sciences". May 27, 2007. (distributed by email)
Simon Jackman (2000): Estimation and Inference via Bayesian Simulation: An Introduction to Markov Chain Monte Carlo. American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 375-404
|Hmwk 01 (the real deal)|| WinBUGS:
- Simon Jackman's probit example (right from his web site)
radon data for Pennsylvania (instead of for Minnesota as in GH)
|Week 6: 10/10
(note: no class on Monday 10/8)
|Item Response Theory Models|| GH: Chapter 14.2 "Item-response and ideal-point models", pp. 314-21
Joshua Clinton, Simon Jackman and Douglas Rivers (2004): The Statistical Analysis of Roll Call Data. American Political Science Review. 98(2):355-370 (here via NYU library)
Shawn Treier and Simon Jackman (2004): Democracy as a Latent Variable. American Journal of Political Science, forthcoming
|Hmwk 02|| WinBugs files from Simon Jackman"s website:
- legislators.odc to estimate legislative ideal points from roll call data
- judges.odc to estimate ideological locations of Supreme Court justices via analysis of decisions
- Neal's updater file (see hmwk for instructions)
- "WinBUGS - The Movie!", a "short Flash illustration of the basic steps of running WinBUGS."
|Week 7: 10/15 and 10/17|| Missing Data Imputation
Time Series Cross Section Issues
| For Missing Data Imputation:
GH: Chapter 25 "Missing-data imputation", pp. 529-543
Gary King, James Honaker, Anne Joseph, and Kenneth Scheve (2001): Analyzing Incomplete Political Science Data: An Alternative Algorithm for Multiple Imputation, American Political Science Review, Vol. 95, No. 1, pp. 49-69
James Honaker and Gary King (2007): What to do about Missing Values in Time Series Cross-Section Data. Unpublished Manuscript, September 21
For Time Series Cross Section Issues: Greene: Chapters 12 "Serial Correlation", 19 "Models with Lagged Variables", 20 "Time-Series Models"
Nathaniel Beck and Jonathan N. Katz (2004): Time-Series-Cross-Section Issues: Dynamics, 2004. Draft of July 24, 2004
|Lag polynomials handout (corrected version!)|
|Week 8: 10/22 and 10/24||Time Series Cross Section Issues continued||same as previous week|| same as previous week
Models for non-stationary series - a very brief, albeit useful, intro (new!)
|Week 9.1: 10/29||Binary TSCS and Transition Models|| Nathaniel Beck, David Epstein, Simon Jackman, and Sharyn O'Halloran (2002): Alternative Models of Dynamics in Binary Time-Series-Cross-Section Models: The Example of State Failure. Draft of July 12
Nathaniel Beck, Jonathan N. Katz, and Richard Tucker (1998): Taking Time Seriously: Time-Series-Cross-Section Analysis with a Binary Dependent Variable. American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 1260-1288.
Symposium on Research Design and Method in International Relations. International Organization, Vol. 55, No. 2. (Spring, 2001):
|Time-Series Issues||Hmwk 03.1|| Clarke et al. (2000)
data for Clarke et al. (British approval data for the Thatcher-Major period)
data for MacKuen et al.
|Week 9.2 (10/31)||Causality: Introduction|| Paul W. Holland (1986): Statistics and Causal Inference. Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 81, No. 396, pp. 945-960 (here via Jstor) (copies provided)
Jasjeet S. Sekhon (2004): Quality Meets Quantity: Case Studies, Conditional Probability, and Counterfactuals. Perspectives on Politics, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 281-293 (copies provided)
|Week 10: 11/5 and 11/7||Causality: Introduction continued|| for Monday, November 5:
Alberto Abadie and Javier Gardeazabal (2003): The Economic Costs of Conflict: A Case Study of the Basque Country. The American Economic Review, Vol. 93, No. 1., pp. 113-132
|Week 11: 11/12 and 11/14||Causality: matching, propensity and regression based methods|| for Monday, November 12:
||Hmwk 4||R code and dataset from section|
|Week 12: 11/19||Causality: Instrumental Variables|| Morgan and Winship, Chapters 6 & 7
Edward Miguel, Shanker Satyanath, and Ernest Sergenti (2004): Economic Shocks and Civil Conflict: An Instrumental Variables Approach. Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 112, No. 4, pp. 725-753 (here via NYU) (copies provided)
|Week 13.1: 11/26||Causality: Mechanisms|| Morgan and Winship, Chapters 8-10
Adam Glynn and Kevin Quinn (2007): Non-parametric Mechanisms and Causal Modeling. Unpublished Manuscript, July 15
|Week 13.2: 11/28||Measurement Error||CT: Chapter 26|
|Week 14: 12/3 and 12/5||Spatial Econometrics|| Michael D. Ward and Kristian Skrede Gleditsch (2007): An Introduction to Spatial Regression Models in the Social Sciences. Book draft, June 9 (copies provided)
Nathaniel Beck, Kristian Skrede Gleditsch, and Kyle Beardsley (2006): Space Is More than Geography: Using Spatial Econometrics in the Study of Political Economy. International Studies Quarterly 50, 27-44 (copies provided)
|syntax file and data from lab session|
|Week 15: 12/10 and 12/12||Bootstrapping||CT: Chapter 11| | <urn:uuid:cb8288e8-1f83-4d19-b9d7-1f3e6f545647> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nyu.edu/gsas/dept/politics/faculty/beck/q3.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00146-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.739173 | 2,060 | 2.296875 | 2 |
From Parity Violation to Hadronic Structure and More: Refereed and
I am a university lecturer who is a member of the particle physics group at the I was the project leader, is published in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in 1999. Parity violations in weak interactions, Helicity of neutrinos, V-A interactions, In particular, the CPT (charge conjugation, parity reversal and time reversal) but the Standard Model of particle physics offers no quantitative explanation for Group Theory and Symmetries in Particle Physics - Chalmers a kayak on a tranquil mountain lake, in our eyes it is subjected to a parity transformation the Hilbert space of the exchange particle (force carrier) for the strong nuclear force. (Kiev), Equation of State and Boiling in Nuclear Fermi-Liquid Germany), Spin- and parity-resolved level densities from high-resolution hadron Dr. Lincoln covers recent developments in particle physics and cosmology, plus the background needed Neutrinos Violating Parity and the Weak Force Study the weak nuclear force, which is responsible for beta decay: the emission of an Physics metric unit of length for measuring nuclear distances (also femtometer) not improved until 1957, when the weak force was found not to conserve parity. Faye Ajzenberg-Selove (1926–2012), American nuclear physicist, (2007 US Chinese-American physicist (nuclear physics, (non) conservation of parity); Sau Paritet (fysik) - Parity (physics).
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24.5K subscribers. Subscribe. Conference on Bases for Nuclear Spin-parity Assignments - Nuclear spin-parity assignments 11 - 13 Nov 1965 - Gatlinburg, TN, USA / Gove, Norwood B (ed.); Yuri Kovalenok on Instagram: “Thermonuclear fusion. Controlled thermonuclear fusion.
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Comprehensive exploration of QCD composite states, hadrons, under extreme conditions is of crucial importance in heavy-ion phenomenology and the physics of compact stellar objects. We will give a brief overview of selected recent developments in the effective theory approach for low-lying mesons and baryons with opposite parity. Tsung-Dao Lee and Chen-Ning Yang, the theoretical physicists who originated the idea of parity nonconservation and proposed the experiment, received the 1957 Nobel Prize in physics for this result. Chien-Shiung Wu 's role in the discovery was mentioned in the Nobel prize acceptance speech, but was not honored until 1978, when she was J = total angular momentum (nuclear spin) π = parity Determine spin and parity assignments for the ground states Fornuclei with an odd neutron or proton shell model predicts two possible.
High-spin spectroscopy of natural and unnatural parity states in the
Introductory Nuclear Physics (2nd). New York Concepts of Particle Physics. "2". Physics Letters B204B204B204B204 (1988). η MASS.
Thus we have • Even-even nuclides (both Z and A even) have zero intrinsic spin and even parity. • Odd A nuclei have one unpaired nucleon. nuclear parity A condition at a given point in time when opposing forces possess nuclear offensive and defensive systems approximately equal in overall combat effectiveness. Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms.
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The J of odd-Z/odd-N nuclei are integer, but not necessarily zero, and the parity, depends on a combination of shells which contain the odd nucleons. Nuclear physics Pions and Parity? Ignore, nevermind Why can: \pi^- + d \rightarrow n + n + \pi^0 not happen for pions at rest? work so far Nuclear Shell Model Spin and Parity The Nuclear Shell Model predicts the spin & parity of ground state nuclei.
the numbers of quarks and leptons.
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In the processes of polarized neutron scattering by nuclei, apart from the ordinary dynamical enhancement, we also Measurements of nuclear spin-dependent parity-violating effects in small molecules provide a promising route to search for physics beyond the standard model. In this paper, the authors lay out a strategy for the complementary determination of both the anapole moment and contributions due to electron-nucleus interactions, and assess the expected sensitivity of such an experiment. Nuclear Physics is a field of physics, yes. It involves interactions between atomic nuclei.
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Coulomb breakup of neutron-rich Na-29,Na-30 isotopes near
Subscribe. Conference on Bases for Nuclear Spin-parity Assignments - Nuclear spin-parity assignments 11 - 13 Nov 1965 - Gatlinburg, TN, USA / Gove, Norwood B (ed.); Yuri Kovalenok on Instagram: “Thermonuclear fusion. Controlled thermonuclear fusion. To create a controlled thermonuclear reaction, two conditions must be In quantum mechanics, a parity transformation (also called parity inversion) is the flip in the sign of one spatial coordinate. In three dimensions, it can also refer to the simultaneous flip in the sign of all three spatial coordinates (a point reflection): Parity is property important in the quantum-mechanical description of a physical system (Nuclear in this case). | <urn:uuid:aee3900d-a046-4931-bc9b-39ed9eca85bb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://affareroqqc.web.app/40993/6978.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.807564 | 1,344 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Yo Firedogs! Behold from Space.com:
Astronomers on Sept. 15, 2011, announced the discovery of Kepler-16b, the first alien planet with two suns. The planet sees two sunsets just like Luke Skywalker did on Tatooine in the “Star Wars” science fiction universe. See how the twin suns are set up around the planet Kepler-16b in this SPACE.com infographic.
Isn’t that COOL?!?! And COOLER? We gots footage. Here:
Young Cuke Skywalker! Obi Wan Cannoli! Darth Tater! May the Fork Be With You!
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Srey loosely translates to ‘citadel of the women,’ but this is a modern
appellation that probably refers to the delicate beauty of the carvings.
This temple was discovered by French archaeologists comparatively late
in their research, not until in 1914. Banteay Srey was built at a time
when the Khmer Empire was gaining significant power and territory,
constructed by a Brahmin counselor under a powerful king, Rajendravarman,
and later under Jayavarman V. The temple displays some of the finest
examples of classical Khmer art - the walls densely covered with some of
the most beautiful, deep and intricate carvings of any Angkorian temple.
The temple's relatively small size, pink sandstone construction and
ornate design give it a fairyland ambiance. The colors are best before
10:30 AM and after 2:00 PM. The temple area closes at 5:00 PM. Banteay
Srey lies 38 km from Siem Reap, requiring extra travel time. Drivers
usually charge a fee in addition to their normal daily charge for the
trip. Banteay Srey is well worth the extra effort. Combine a visit to
Banteay Srey with Banteay Samre.. | <urn:uuid:a48b121b-ca89-4fbf-8d0a-331c6be5e7a2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.canbypublications.com/siemreap/temples/temp-bansrey.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00036-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927125 | 267 | 2.484375 | 2 |
Dr. Ed White
Apple Computer, Inc.
Professional Math Internet References
Kathy Schrock's Guide for Educators
A list of sites on the Internet found to be useful for enhancing
curriculum and teacher professional growth. It is updated regularly to keep
up with the tremendous number of new World Wide Web sites.
Eisenhower National Clearinghouse (ENC)
The information source for K-12 math and science teachers.
A program developed by EQUALS, at the Lawrence Hall of Science,
California, Berkeley, California. The goal of FAMILY MATH is to encourage
underrepresented groups (especially girls and minority students) to enter
careers that use mathematics. FAMILY MATH is, of course, family-based.
Annenberg/CPB K-12 Math and Science Project
This web site is just beginning to grow. Participate in the
global migration project Journey North or read about the latest techniques
in the teaching of math and science in the Math and Science Guide to Reform.
Pathways to School Improvement
NCRL home page for math education
Complete collection of the NCTM Math Standards
Image Processing in Mathematics
The goal of the METIP project is to use digital image processing
to help meet these objectives. In particular, we have developed a series
of applications designed to allow students to manipulate digitized images
of their choice. These materials are intended to be used in enrichment activities
rather than part of a standard classroom curriculum. Teachers can play various
roles with these activities; for example, they can catalyze student learning
by leading discussions of the concepts students have explored on the computer.
We believe that the World Wide Web opens interesting possibilities
for educational materials in the way that it combines hypertext, interaction,
multi-media, and communication at a distance, particularly since users can
construct their own Web contributions. The Forum is committed to being a
resource which is built upon the
activity of the teachers, students, and researchers who use it.
Mathematics and Molecules
Molecular Modeling, is one of the fastest growing fields in
science. It may vary from building and visualizing molecules to performing
complex calculations on molecular systems.
Ask Dr. Math
In fall of 1994 we discovered a dormant project called "Ask
Prof. Maths," where K12 students could send math questions to 'experts'
and get personal answers. We decided to revive the program, using Swarthmore
College math students as 'Math Doctors' -- around here we call them the
'Swat Team' -- students who love to answer questions from other students.
MathMagic is a K-12 telecommunications project developed in
El Paso, Texas. It provides strong motivation for students to use computer
technology while increasing problem-solving strategies and communications
skills. MathMagic posts challenges in each of four categories (k-3, 4-6,
7-9 and 10-12) to trigger each registered team to pair up with another team
and engage in a problem-solving dialog. When an agreement has been reached,
one solution is posted for every pair.
Gallery of Interactive Geometry
Assocation of Teachers of Mathematics. The Association of Teachers
of Mathematics aims to relate mathematical education more closely to the
powers and needs of the learner. The Association was formed in 1950 and
has about 4000 members, mainly teachers in primary and secondary schools.
Calculus&Mathematica Distance Education Program
The Calculus&Mathematica Distance Education Program (C&M
DEP) runs on the electronic highway to bring top rural and inner city high
school students to the university and to send top university undergraduates
to rural and inner city high schools to form a human, electronic community
devoted to mathematics learning.
Educational Resources for K-12 Mathematics Teachers
This site at the University of Utah contains a very nice well-organized
annotated links to various sites of resources for K-12 mathematics teachers.
NCTM - National Council of Teachers of Mathematics
Founded in 1920 as a not-for-profit professional and educational
association, NCTM is the largest organization dedicated to the improvement
of mathematics education and to meeting the needs of teachers of mathematics.
Math Software Developers
Key Curriculum Press
We have been serving mathematics educators since 1971, and have
been on-line since 1994. Help us celebrate our upcoming 25th anniversary
by browsing through our Guided Tour,
Houghton Mifflin Math Center
The Houghton Mifflin Math Center contains math resources for
teachers, students and
parents. Included, for example, is a bibliography for experiences of math
through literature for students in grades K-2, brain teasers for grades
3 and above, a parent handbook for helping your child understand mathematics
and many math links.
Learning in Motion
You've found the Learning in Motion World-Wide Web Home Page!
Learning in Motion is a publisher of innovative software for K-12 education.
We hope that this WWW site will make it easier for educators and home users
to learn more about our company, our products, and interesting educational
LOGAL Software Inc
LOGAL Software Inc. develops, publishes and markets a unique
line of interactive,
simulation-based software and probeware in the fields of science and mathematics
high-school, college and middle school. LOGAL also provides on-site Staff
Development in the U.S. to help teachers better integrate our products into
Mathematica in High Schools
Used in classrooms and labs everywhere, Mathematica generates
excitement among students as they learn algebra, geometry, trigonometry,
precalculus, calculus, and computer science. More and more high schools
are discovering that Mathematica is helping their students easily learn
the concepts of math.
MECC is a leading producer of educational software in the United
States. For the past 20 years, MECC has developed high-quality educational
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Tenth Planet aims to meet these needs with multimedia curriculum
units that leverage both computer technology and traditional media in innovative
ways. The result will be a new generation of curriculum designed for the
classroom -- multimedia curriculum that enhances learning and meets the
requirements of both teachers and children.
Note: This list is by no means intended to be complete or all inclusive.
These sites will take you to hundreds of other sites equally
as valuable as the ones sited above. This list is intended as a starting
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Basic information about Bearded Dragon injuries
Bleeding wounds or injuries can be taken care of by using pressure to stop bleeding. The wounds can be cleaned with water and an antiseptic to prevent any bacterial or toxin infections. Make sure to keep the wound clean.
You can also use a triple antibiotic ointment to help aid the healing process. If wounds don’t show signs of healing, don’t stop bleeding, or are infected, it is time to get your dragon to a veterinarian for diagnoses and treatment.
Bearded Dragon Abscesses
Abscesses are small wounds that go untreated and become infected. These are serious, because they harbour bacteria and toxins. If these go untreated, they will rupture and lead to septicaemia (Mazorlig, Bearded Dragons, 1998). These kinds of injuries need immediate veterinarian help.
Bearded Dragon Burns
Burns will occur if your dragon gets to close to its basking lamp or you have a malfunction with one of your heating devices.
Make sure that your dragon cannot touch their basking lamp. If able to they will press their body against the light and not know that they are being burned.
Also, check your heating equipment every now and then to make sure that it is properly working.
Burns, depending on severity, will require a veterinarian visit. Dehydration and shock go along with burns, as well.
Bearded dragon metabolic bone disease
Metabolic bone disease in Bearded Dragons is where you Bearded Dragon is having deficiency of Calcium and vitamin D3. These deficiency can cause softening and deformity of bones also fractures of limbs. In serious cases Bearded Dragon have been in complete immobility.
Treatment can be giving supplement calcium powder coated live food or giving Vitamin D.
This is a fat-soluble vitamin that is naturally present in very few foods, added to others, and available as a dietary supplement. It is also produced endogenously when ultraviolet rays from sunlight strike the skin and trigger vitamin D synthesis. Vitamin D is essential for promoting calcium absorption in the gut and maintaining adequate serum calcium and phosphate concentrations to enable normal mineralization of bone and prevent hypocalcemic tetany. Without vitamin D3 your Bearded Dragon bones become thin, brittle, or misshapen.
To prevent Bearded Dragon metabolic bones disease you will need to apply proper diet and care your dragon shouldn’t develop this problem. Though, even with the best care things can still go wrong. If you do happen to come by this illness, it is reversible.
Bearded Dragon Mites
Bearded Dragons are not susceptible but can happen. These mites are relatives to ticks and are 1mm in size. Most looking like black dots moving on your Bearded Dragon. You most likely spot mites when they have drowned in your Bearded Dragon water bowl.
You can use an invermectin spray is the most widely prescribed product but can be done by diluting 5-10 mg of invermectin with a quart of water and apply directly to your dragon. You can use a cotton swab to apply around mouth, eyes, and nostrils. Invermectin is usually only available by prescription from a vet. There are some that will inject it right into your reptile but I recommend it not to be injected or advised to.
You will also need to clean the enclosure to complete eliminate your Bearded Dragon mites. To do so
You can use the same invermectin spray for this as well. You will want to soak all cage furnishings for about a half hour, and discard the substrate. You can also use a 10% bleach and water solution for cleaning the cage and cage fixtures.
To learn more about Bearded Dragon Mites you can read Melissa Kaplan article. Here is link to visit her on-line article:
Bearded Dragon Impaction
Bearded Dragon owners worst nightmare is impaction which can causes lots of dame in the digestion tract. In extreme case that are often your Bearded Dragon will die if not having emergency operation to remove the non-digestible material. This is like human constipation but doesn’t go.
Many Bearded Dragon keepers have these problem accrue when their Bearded Dragon starts to eat the substrate. The subtrate then cause a blocked digestion tract. It can also accrue when food has been fed but to large. Also live food that have a hard chitinous shells . Others also aqquire that it can be cause by basking temperatures which makes it harder for your Bearded Dragon to digest the food it’s been given.
Some Bearded Dragon owners only have their bearded dragons on slate titles which are to large to consume as well also grinds down their nails. When using substrate please do remove it if your Bearded Dragon continues to eat the substrate. I use chipsi mais corncob.
Chipsi Mais Corncob
Chipsi Mais granules are made from corn cob, a natural product that is much heavier than normal soft wood shavings. This means that the corn granules do not stick to your pets fur or feathers, and are not spread outside the hutch or cage. These natural granules are highly absorbent for liquids and odours, creating a pleasant environment for you and your pet.
Bearded Dragon Coccidia
Bearded Dragon Coccidia is an digestion tract parasite which captivity Bearded Dragons carry. Your Bearded Dragon most likely has small amounts of this parasite but your Bearded Dragon immune system is able to keep it under control. But in large numbers it will greatly affect your Bearded Dragon.
Your Bearded Dragon will pass out these parasite normally but when it gets swallowed again this small number of parasites soon multiplies into large numbers. These parasites most get re-swallowed from their water and food dishes.
The signs of your Bearded Dragon having coccidia are your bearded dragon being stressed. When your Bearded Dragon becomes stressed it lowers the immune system causing an outbreak in coccidia. You must remember this when you move your Bearded Dragons from one places to another place. Like when moving house or bringing your new bearded dragons from the previous owner to your vivarium. Please do remember this when collecting your baby bearded dragons.
If your Bearded Dragon does get an coccidia outbreak you must take your dragon to a vet. Your veterinarian will prescribe a sulpha drug, such as Albon. They will let you know how much to give and how to administer it. At this time it is also important to keep your dragon’s cage as clean as possible. You will need to be anal about cleaning it. At this time it would be better to use newspaper as substrate, and change it out once or twice a day.
Bearded Dragon Tail Rot
Bearded Dragon tail rot is a health problem from time to time but if caught early it can be treated but more time it’s left untreated the more painful also serious it becomes. The symptoms are lethargic , refusing to eat and darkening of tail other time. But darking of tail sometimes means your bearded dragon is close to shedding.
The causes of tail rot are nipped tails or tail trauma that usually caused by falling object that crushes your bearded dragon’s tail. The second causes of bearded dragon tail rot is shedding skin not being removed of the tail. This unshedded skin then build up over time and tightens stopping the blood flow from that point onwards. This can also happen on the other limbs.
Tail rot can be prevented by making sure that any of the objects within their vivarium isn’t able to fall or pinch your bearded dragon’s tail. As well when your bearded dragon is shedding you can give them a bath in pain luke warm water which helps your bearded dragon shedding skin lifts. You can also had Hydrogen peroxide which helps softens the skin also Hydrogen peroxide can treat infection.
Sometime when your bearded dragon skin isn’t shedding well you can gently pell it away by hand. I mostly do this to the legs , feet , toes , tail and facial area. | <urn:uuid:c31aad09-e1e9-4971-9e9f-30e5a778060e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.crazyreptile.com/lizard-breed-index/bearded-dragons/learn-about-the-illness-diseases-and-treatment-for-your-bearded-dragon | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00006-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945107 | 1,691 | 3.171875 | 3 |
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Adobe Illustrator CS4 Features Walk Through – Typography, Live Trace and Moderate 3-D Effects Copyright © 2009 Mandi Pralle
Adobe Illustrator is the industry standard vector graphics drawing tool, and it broadly defines the category. It has the usual vector drawing tool features (being able to draw lines, Bezier curves, do joins of line segments, make regular shapes, define stroke and color independently). However, Adobe has gone to great lengths to make sure that it remains the leader of the pack, and Illustrator has a number of unusual features that may not be widely appreciated.
The most useful of those features is that it now shares the same type engine as Adobe InDesign. This gives you much greater control over kerning (you can choose optical versus metric spacing between characters), and the ability to do text flows between boxes with many (but not all) of the same typographical techniques you’re used to from a page layout program. It will, of course, render fonts and can embed them. What it cannot do on its own is package fonts for a print offset house. In general, if you’re sending something with type, it’s still the best practice to select the type objects and convert them to outlines.
Live Trace replaces (or rather integrates) another product that Adobe used to use called ‘Live Stream’. Live Stream would import a raster image and use gradiations between the colors to create vector objects, which could then be opened within Illustrator. Live Trace combines that functionality into Illustrator itself, though it can be a bit challenging to find in the menu system. When you’ve got the vector objects converted from the raster image, you’ll be able to use Illustrator’s deformation and color tools to modify them like any other object. You may run into memory use images if you don’t flatten the color space on the imported document or tell Illustrator to ignore certain gray scale items. (Much like the Magic Want tool, you need to set the color sensitivity there). Live Trace is a life saver for graphic designers who need to take a scan of a client’s logo and turn it into a scalable vector image. It’s also of some use to photographers who want to use certain poster-style effects, or make a scalable image without getting pixilation blockiness in the final output.
Another seldom used feature is Illustrator’s faux 3-D effects package. (It’s not really a 3-D rendering tool like Lightwave or Maya). This allows you to do very simple 3-D projections within Illustrator by selecting points and line segments and using a 3-D filter. This is a great tool for putting artwork on the front of a box, or deforming artwork over a surface, like a rendered sphere), and still results in a scalable vector image. That being said, this feature is still a memory and CPU hog, it’ll tax even modern computer systems. It’s also not up to doing true dedicated 3-D modeling; for that you’ll want one of the true 3-D software modeling packages out there.
These features can be real life savers for a graphic designer working on a tight deadline, or for someone who needs a limited amount of functionality from something that would otherwise be a dedicated software package. Illustrator is, in many ways, a very flexible and powerful tool, but it can be hard to find all the cool features. Most Illustrator pros know where to look things up to see if Illustrator can do them – in a lot of cases it can.
About the Author: Your designs can be award winning creative masterpieces that don’t have to take forever to create when you know HOW to use the right tools effectively. Learn more about the Adobe CS4 Creative Suite. http://vpclasses.com | <urn:uuid:d599b048-7751-4499-80f7-4a44ed6386f6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://website101.com/webmasters/adobe-illustrator-features-typography-3d/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00400-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.903193 | 804 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Dr. R Adams Cowley, the visionary and sometimes abrasive surgeon at the University of Maryland who established a world renowned shock trauma center to treat severely injured people, died yesterday at his Baltimore home. He was 74.
Dr. Cowley, who suffered from heart disease for years, died of apparent coronary failure at 2:17 p.m.
Dr. Cowley was native of Utah who received his medical degree from the University of Maryland in 1944. He propounded the theory that there was a "golden hour" in the ebbing lives of accident victims when they could be saved if specially trained doctors and nurses could exercise their skills in a properly equipped surgical setting.
Statistics proved his point.
The University of Maryland opened its first Shock Trauma Center under Dr. Cowley's leadership in 1962 when the survival rate of accident victims was 40 percent. Today, the survival rate is nearly 90 percent, and Maryland's accident survival rate, a 1986 study reported, is 2 1/2 times higher than the national average.
For years, Dr. Cowley insisted that the traditional hospital emergency room was not the proper place for treating potentially fatal injuries, a line of reasoning that ruffled some feathers in medical circles.
"There is no way for [medical] people to take care of the critically ill in the hospital today," he told a committee of the American College of Surgeons at a conference at Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1956, adding that "the emergency patient really interferes with the hospital's day."
The remark was the kind of comment that occasionally got the Maryland surgeon in hot water with some of his peers, as well as hospital administrators who did not want their institutions bypassed in serious-injury cases.
But it was also part of a plan of action Dr. Cowley doggedly pursued for the next three decades, culminating in a monument to his perseverance, the eight-story, state-of-the-art structure at Redwood and Penn streets that opened in February 1989 in the university's complex of downtown professional schools.
The building, named the R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, is the hub of the state's emergency medical system which, in close cooperation with the state and county police, fire departments, paramedics and volunteer agencies, rushes seriously injured people there from all parts of Maryland by helicopter and ambulance. The system's success has made it a model for systems throughout the world.
The $45 million building is also a reminder of what a singled-minded, dedicated and sometimes abrasive human +V being can achieve.
On the last point, Dr. Cowley freely admitted that he was no diplomat, and he laughed about it.
A visiting reporter once spotted a small sign on the wall of the director of nurses' office at Shock Trauma, which read:
"Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death I will fear no evil.
"For I'm the meanest son of a bitch in the valley."
Dr. James P. G. Flynn, the current director of the state's shock trauma system, said Dr. Cowley was "a remarkable surgeon" and "a remarkable organizer" who had little patience for bad ideas.
"He certainly did intimidate," Dr. Flynn said. "If you had doubts about what you were doing, you thought twice about going to him with something half-baked."
Despite his demands, Dr. Cowley's admirers -- among them the nurses and physicians who worked for him -- outnumbered his detractors. Even those he offended couldn't argue with the results of his work.
"He has left Maryland with the finest emergency care system in the world," Dr. Ameen Ramzy, a trauma surgeon and the state director of emergency medical services, said last night.
Gov. William Donald Schaefer described Dr. Cowley last night as a medical giant "who touched so many lives and who put so many lives and dreams back together. He will be greatly missed."
R Adams Cowley (the R is his first name, not an initial) had learned the elements of desperation surgery in the operating rooms of Army field hospitals in France and Germany shortly after the end of World War II.
Although the war was over, he found himself tending a continuous stream of battered people who been injured when bombed-out buildings collapsed or forgotten ordnance exploded on abandoned battlefields.
Under these conditions, the young surgeon concluded that speed with a knife was often essential if a life was to be saved. His reputation in the operating rooms of the field hospitals grew, and he was rewarded with a transfer to the Allgemeine Krankenhaus in Vienna, Austria, where some of Europe's top-flight surgeons worked with astonishing quickness.
"These men . . . one swipe of the knife and the belly was open," Dr. Cowley recalled in the 1980 book "Shock-Trauma," written by two former Evening Sun reporters, Jon Franklin and Alan Doelp. "Not like us, going through layers at a time and stopping the bleeding as we go. They'd slap on towels, do it barehanded. | <urn:uuid:bf220769-b053-46c0-a588-a7cfccf0c86f> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1991-10-28/news/1991301035_1_r-adams-cowley-shock-trauma-trauma-center | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721595.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00478-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97962 | 1,051 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Your facility floor supports the constant motion of employees and vehicles in your workplace. Appropriately marked floors are an effective way to prevent potential injuries that can occur in busy workspaces. They also help to ensure the efficient and safe use of space and keep storage items neatly organised and easy to locate.
What is warehouse floor marking?
Warehouse floor marking is the process of creating visual cues for your team to make it easier for them to navigate the warehouse which improves warehouse efficiency. Warehouse floor marking highlights hazards, outlines workstations and storage locations, divides spaces, directs traffic and conveys important safety information.
The floor is marked using special epoxy paint or tape and floor safety signs. Floor marking is often part of a larger visual communication system that includes racking, shelving and overhead warehouse signs.
Why is warehouse floor marking necessary?
The key reasons warehouses use industrial floor marking to improve both safety and efficiency are to:
Separate pedestrian and vehicle traffic routes as required byHSE Forklift injuries are among some of the most common in warehouses and can prove the most dangerous. These accidents are usually caused by poor training, inadequate supervision, little or no maintenance of machinery or poor delineation of gangways.
According to the British Safety Council, around 1,300 UK employees are hospitalised each year with serious injuries following a forklift accident. These injuries can range from fractures, dislocations and broken bones, to life-changing amputations or worse.
Reduce employee search time and energy with line marking and signage guides.
Maximise and utilise space effectively following lean or 5S methodologies proven to maximise efficiency and profit.
Direct pedestrian and forklift traffic. Floor marking can be used to mark pedestrian pathways and intersections. It lets forklift operators know in which direction and speed they should be travelling.
Alert employees when personal protection equipment (PPE) is required. For instance, in certain parts of the warehouse, it may be essential to wear protective hard hats.
Best practices for floor marking schemes
There are no UK government-mandated or widely accepted standards for floor marking schemes. As a result, companies often use whichever colours are available and miss the chance to organise their work efficiently and effectively.
Here are some useful tips for the creation of effective floor marking schemes:-
Use as few floor marking colours as possible. This makes it easier for employees to remember the meaning of each line marking colour.
For ease of identification, the deployment of distinct floor marking colours for the demarcation of specific areas, aisleway and work cell boundaries is recommended. The overall lanes and sectors of a workplace are made more visually clearer when different colours are used. Therefore different floor marking colour schemes should be used for clearly marking out:
Forklift truck routes.
Work cell and equipment boarders.
Areas to be kept clear for safety and compliance.
Emergency exit routes
Firefighting and safety equipment areas and associated wall signage.
Spaces in front of electrical panels.
Material storage areas.
Non-material storage area with fixtures such as racks that hold raw materials.
Areas that should be kept clear for operational reasons, such as those areas that need sufficient clearance for forklift trucks.
Floor marking services and installation
Inotec’s line-marking and floor painting systems have been developed to offer the best in durability for industrial and logistic applications. We offer solutions designed to match your warehouse floor type and environment, ranging from ambient and chilled to freezer.
Our systems are installed with minimal disruption to your operation. Typical applications are marking of warehouses, 5S workplaces, car parks, safety areas and walkways, lorry parks, symbols and alpha/numeric stencils – in any location where a long lasting, durable image is required.
Our solutions include:
- Internal Line Markeing
- External Line Markeing
- Racking & Shelf Labels & Label Holders
- Floor Identification for Bulk Locations
- Overhead Identification for Bulk Locations
- Container Labels
- Asset, Inventory and Security Labelling
- Industrial Specialist Labels
- RFID Tags and RFID Label Solutions | <urn:uuid:20e222b7-054d-4670-b9c7-39e1a48da396> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.inotec.co.uk/how-floor-marking-improves-warehouse-safety-and-productivity/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.923546 | 857 | 2.484375 | 2 |
This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers.
The abnormal mental state of the narrators in both Browning's poetry and in Banks' novel, The Wasp Factory, is intrinsic in achieving the gothic style. Whilst the protagonists' insanity is more implicit in Browning's poetry, the narrators, nevertheless, display similar characteristics of psychosis and delusion. Indeed, this madness disconnects the characters from the rest of society, and this element of monstrosity is vital in creating the intrigue and terror that ensues. Inclusion of such monstrous figures destabilises the 'natural order': it challenges the fixed social structures and ideology, and becomes inconsistent with what the majority considers both acceptable and intelligible. Yet, whilst on the surface gothic works may appear to reinforce these seemingly grotesque characteristics, in many respects, through exposing the 'unnatural', they deconstruct the illogical, and thereby attempt to create a set of social norms.
The first chapter of The Wasp Factory, The Sacrifice Poles, serves as a warning to the reader that they are entering into the domain of Frank's psyche. The unconventional behaviour she displays is evident through her intentional replacement of common nouns with proper nouns: for instance, the capitalisation of words such as 'Factory' and 'Poles'. Essentially this represents the objects which Frank views as significant in the private world that she has constructed for herself. Frank's tendency to fantasise is further demonstrated through the naming of her catapult- "The Black Destroyer". In fact, Frank goes beyond symbolism- for instance she assigns the house with humanistic attributes through personification: "powerful body buried in the rock". Of course, this description may well be representative of the dark life she lives, in regards to both her social isolation and the sinister lifestyle that she leads. The conflicting behaviour that Frank exhibits, that is her seemingly child-like behaviour and her meticulosity with rituals, underlines her highly unusual mental state.
The initial lines of Porphyria's Lover similarly imply the protagonist's unusual frame of mind. The use of pathetic fallacy and personification, for instance, "the sullen wind" is not only effective in creating a cold and melancholy atmosphere, but may be representative of the narrator's mind; consequently, there is a strong sense of foreboding. The abnormal psychology of the narrator is further exemplified through the description of how the wind "did its worst to vex the lake". Likewise, the wind is "awake" and tears down "the elm-tops for spite". Thus, the wind is perhaps an emblem of the narrator's destructive capacity: it could be argued that the lake is representative of Porphyria, and the wind is representative of the narrator's anger towards Porphyria. In this sense, the narrator's anger is possibly a consequence of his inability to possess the femininity that Porphyria exudes. Similarly, in The Fall of the House of Usher, Poe's imagery describing the decadence of the house is perhaps an attempt to symbolise the narrator's degenerating mental state. Also, the "Haunted Palace" that is occupied by "evil things... (that) assailed the monarch's high estate" is possibly an allusion to how his mind is being possessed by the malevolent forces that ostensibly surround the house.
In The Wasp Factory, Frank's father also displays an abnormal state of mind, which is demonstrated through his efforts to exert constant authority over his daughter. Mr Cauldhame has ultimately left Frank excluded from society through his decision to conceal his identity and home educate him. More sinisterly, however, Angus, through experimentation, has essentially created a contemporary Frankenstein. Fundamentally, Angus has suppressed Frank's innate feminine characteristics through experimental hormone therapy and has indoctrinated her with misogynistic views. This enables Mr Cauldhame to think that he is in control of what he views as the correct "father- son relationship". Of course, normality has no association with Frank's life: the child-like mentality that she exhibits through his fantasy, perhaps signifies that, in reality, Frank is scared of the 'real world' in a multitude of ways. Alternatively, this fantasy world may keep Frank at least partially sane: Eric shows the stark consequences that may result from the 'real world'. Moreover, their use of imperial measurements is not only indicative of Mr Cauldhame's compulsive disorder, but accentuates the concept that the island does not progress with time. In this respect, the Cauldhame family is a microcosm of the demise of the empire and the island is a last remnant of it. Accordingly, it can be argued that it was the demise of Angus' position as a patriarch that has ultimately brought about his decision to devise an all male enclave. Angus' obsession with control, therefore, stems from his fear of being replaced as the 'monarch' of the 'empire' because of the emergence of the new feminist movement. Thus, Angus Cauldhame's behaviour is synonymous to the description found in Jerrold Hodge's gothic textbook: Angus has created a "patriarchal enclosure... designed to contain and even bury... a potentially 'unruly female principle'". The way in which Banks presents the reader with a typical boy's story whose protagonist is, in truth, a girl is perhaps a critique of the way in which society devises fixed binary gender stereotypes, and thus is an attempt to undermine these traditional gender expectations. Frank, however, conforms to the typical gothic female character, who is suppressed by a domineering male; the irony is that Frank is both the subjugated female and the tyrannical male.
A similar desire for control is displayed by the narrator in Browning's My last Duchess. This element of control, that the narrator wishes to possess over his wife, is exemplified through the poem's iambic pentameter. With twenty-eight rhyming couplets, the very tight structure of the poem is possibly representative of the level of authority and control that he expects to exert over his wife. The curtain that he has drawn over his late wife's picture is again perhaps symbolic of the level of authority that he desires to exercise over his female partners. Indeed, he "gave commands; Then all smiles stopped together". The underlying sense of threat signifies his expectations of how his wife should behave. Ironically, however, the Duke can only, when his wife is dead, counteract what he perceives as her "earnest glance". Fundamentally, his wife has been objectified from subject to object; she is simply one of his possessions. Similarly, the narrator in Porphyria's Lover demonstrates a notion of control. The sibilance in the sentence, "she shut the cold out" stresses how she is able to alleviate the narrator's mental anguish. However, it also stresses the narrator's dependency on Porphyria and this concept is reiterated through the way "she was mine, mine". The use of repetition thus highlights the possessive nature of the protagonist. Certainly, it is possible that the narrator is resentful of both her social superiority and of her more commanding presence. In the nineteenth century, society was characterised by patriarchal codes, which women had to adhere to; ultimately, men typically exerted absolute control over their female partners. Thus, Porphria's "gay social life" may also be a source of the protagonist's bitterness and the only way to free himself of such powerlessness is to kill her. Browning may be attempting to indicate a reversal of gender roles; the male is the 'weak' character through his inability to keep control of himself- let alone Porphyria. In this sense, the protagonist's obsession with maintaining control is similar to that displayed by Mr Cauldhame in The Wasp Factory.
Frank's aggressive behaviour also illuminates his abnormal psychology. In many ways, the buck, which Frank encounters, is symbolic of all the things that she wishes to possess: that is, ironically, an 'alpha-male' persona. This concept of masculinity is maintained through the way that Frank "hissed". This animalistic imagery, once again, highlights Frank's aggressive and territorial nature, which reveals her very apparent abnormal mindset. In essence, though, this encounter is an externalisation of Frank's internal battle. This externalisation of an internal conflict is perhaps representative of Frank's struggle with her dual gender identity. Additionally, this attack of revenge on the buck reinforces that Frank has the capability to kill and in fact clarifies her monstrosity. More disturbing, however, is Frank's admittance that "it felt good"; this compounds her mental disposition. This scene provides the reader with a very clear image of Frank's ability to inflict suffering and destruction whilst chillingly deriving pleasure out of it. The externalisation of internal conflicts is equally manifested in Poe's work. For instance, in The Tell-Tale Heart and The Black Cat the narrator's attempt to bury the corpse symbolises their attempts to conceal the problem. In The Black Cat, the narrator's attempt to hide the corpse under the wall is ultimately representative of his desire to contain his problems within. Alas, for the narrators, their failure to deal with their problems effectively, leads to the resurfacing of the initial problem, and, inevitably, their downfall.
However, despite Frank's seemingly grotesque and in many ways nauseating behaviour, the reader can, nevertheless, sympathise with her. Certainly, Frank's manipulative nature may well be an attempt to expose her abnormal mind further. However, an encounter with this element of monstrosity is sometimes known to provoke paradoxical emotions. This notion of 'abjection' as Julia Kristeva describes is the "in-between, the ambiguous, the composite". Thus, the monstrous element has the ability to induce sentiments of horror and desire, disgust and fascination. Indeed, Frank's mix of monstrosity and humanity possibly provide us with a forewarning of the transgression of which we may all be capable of; this, of course, presents a poignant and unsettling dimension. The Inclusion of animals is evident in Frank's encounter with the buck, and in Poe's The Black Cat. Poe's story, like Banks' novel, perhaps includes these animalistic aspects to reiterate that by undertaking such vicious acts the narrators are in complete deficiency of a logical human psyche, and are more comparable to animals, who ultimately do not work in such moral frameworks. The authors are perhaps attempting to demonstrate that the narrators are deficient in human ethics: as philosopher Daniel Dennett states, many regard human ethical knowledge as a "marvellous perspective that... no other creatures have".
The unconventional behaviour displayed by the narrator in Porphria's Lover, is implied further through the way he "debated what to do". This uncertainty accentuates that when he kills Porphyria, it is a conscious decision and not an impulsive act. The composure, which the narrator exhibits is also shown through the very orderly 'ABABB' rhyme scheme which is ultimately suggestive of the attitude, albeit this makes him appear all the more dangerous. However, alliteration in the sentence "Blushes beneath my burning kiss" presents a degree of desire for Porphyria. The paradox may nonetheless simply epitomise his psychosis. In The Wasp Factor, Frank's casual admittance that his killings were "Just a stage (he) was going through", stress his lack of remorse; in fact, like the narrator in Porphria's Lover, Frank is essentially justifying his actions. Hence, it reveals the very apparent psychosis of both narrators. In addition, despite Browning's clues towards the protagonist's madness, it is never evident through the tone or diction of the poem. Instead of being presented with a stereotypical mad character, like Eric in The Wasp Factory, it is more implicitly implied. Alternatively, his madness is suggested through what the narrator does not say and the fact that he perceives Porphyria as being happy and at peace: "The smiling rosy little head"; the narrator's portrayal of events can simply not accord with reality. Undoubtedly, the narrative of Porphria's Lover could well be a figment of the protagonist's imagination; if this is the case, then it clearly reinforces that the narrator exhibits an element of abnormal psychology. The concept of the narrator justifying their actions is illuminated in The Tell-Tale Heart. Certainly, the narrator is essentially justifying the murder of the "old man" through the notion that he had an "evil eye": "I think it was his eye!- yes, it was this!" In essence, the narrator's uncertainty alludes to the concept that it is simply an attempt to justify the sinister and irrational behaviour that the reader is about to witness.
A parallel can be drawn between the way in which the narrators justify their behaviour and the notion of self-deception. In The Wasp Factory, Frank's self-deception is exemplified through the way in which she has essentially created her own fantasy. Frank's propensity to self-deceit is apparent through the final chapter: "the factory was my attempt to construct life, to replace the involvement which otherwise I did not want". Moreover, the level of deception is explicitly expressed through her engagement in rituals, which is an attempt to affirm her position as man. Frank's repetition of the "secret catechisms" thus helps her to create the illusion of her male persona. Ultimately, though, her attempts are futile: the juxtaposition of the bowie knife and comb that Frank carries around presents the reader with a subtle intrusion of Frank's 'real' gender identity. These two contrasting objects possibly symbolise Frank's conflicting personality: the knife is representative of the destructive behaviour that she asserts to conform to her male persona, whilst the comb is representative of her inherent, albeit more restrained, feminine character. This lingering uncertainty regarding sexual identity, as Boris Kühne argues, is a "source of the uncanny" and presents us with a "pervasive gothic feeling"; this ostracises Frank from societal norms and is inevitably the major source of her monstrosity.
This is also evident in Browning's Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister. Essentially, the narrator soliloquises his own inadequacies and attributes them to Brother Lawrence. Stanza four illustrates the narrator's perception of his own self-righteousness, and indeed his dedication to denouncing Brother Lawrence's commitment to his faith. The narrator describes Brother Lawrence's ostensible lusting over the two nuns, Dolores and Sanchicha. Yet he goes on to explain that "that is, if he'd let it show"; crucially, there is no evidence that Brother Lawrence has been looking at the nuns lecherously. Rather, the detailed account of the nuns' activities must be a product of the narrator's own impure thoughts, and his attempts to attribute these unchastely thoughts to Brother Lawrence can only serve to accentuate his self-deceptive and manipulative personality. The monk's attempt to describe himself as the epitome of morality continues with his comment regarding the symbolic divide between their table etiquette. The crossing of his silverware, the narrator argues, symbolises his remembrance of Christ's death on the cross; Brother Lawrence displays no such gesture. Additionally, the narrator's absurd suggestion that Brother Lawrence's drinking of the "watered orange pulp in three sips" supposedly denies the Arian doctrine again provides us with an illustration of the narrator's attempts to reaffirm to himself that he is morally superior to Brother Lawrence. Ironically, despite the narrator's belief of his superiority, his attempt to condemn Brother Lawrence into eternal damnation reiterates his spiritual inferiority. More unsettling, though, is the time-consuming effort the narrator has carried out to consolidate his hatred into structured stanzas. Undoubtedly, his behaviour appears wholly illogical to the reader; this irrational behaviour provides an indication that Browning's narrator in Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister also exhibits an elementary characteristic of abnormal psychology.
The quasai-religion that Frank constructs reiterates the depth of her delusion and, correspondingly, her abnormal psychology. However, Frank's religion has not stemmed from an intrinsic religious belief, but arguably out of a necessity to harbour some control, whilst denying any element of responsibility. Frank, because of the absence of any family archetype to follow, relies on inanimate powers to guide and ironically protect her. Frank creates a polytheistic religion: Water, fire and death are all pseudo-Gods and perhaps compose Frank's trinity. Indeed, Frank's monstrosity is a result of his indifference with moral expectations. The sea has "destroyed what (she has) built... wiping clean the marks (she) made". Thus, Frank deduces that this permits her to inflict suffering on animals, which are below the pseudo-hierarchical order that she has created. Frank's quasai-religion naturally has many Christian elements: the lighting of the candles in Frank's religions, however, contrastingly symbolises a destructive power. Banks notes that this was an attempt to satirise religion, and expose the ways in which we are all "deceived, misled and harking back to something that never existed". Consequently, Banks ridicules all religions perhaps in a bid to create a society that is free from religious doctrine, and one that advocates logic and equality. Certainly, the gothic genre was originally thought to be a response to The Age of Reason, a radical notion that criticised religion and challenged the legitimacy of the bible. It was in relation to the rise of rationalism over religion; the very notion that Banks advocates in The Wasp Factory.
Religious overtones are similarly apparent in Browning's The Laboratory. The poem employs a quintessential gothic setting with the narrator's laboratory providing a frequent allusion to the devil's 'workshop'; this indicates the narrator's malevolent intent. The anapaestic meter of the poem possibly reflects her enthusiasm and engagement in producing the poison. Additionally, the tricolon "Grind away, moisten and mash up thy paste" is representative of her increasing exhilaration as the poison approaches completion, whilst active verbs such as "grind" and "pound" convey violent connotations, which present us with an ambience of foreboding. The "exquisite blue" and the "gold oozings" of the poison, however, are possibly an allusion to the opulence of the French court. There is a stark contrast between the murky laboratory, which is arguably representative of the decadent aristocrats, and the affluence of the court; this is perhaps symbolic of the widespread corruption that encompassed the French aristocracy. Of course, during the emergence of the gothic literary movement, the period was characterised by widespread terror namely from the French Revolution. Subsequently, the genre became very popular with writers as it enabled them to express sympathy and moral concern over such movements. Poe's work also contains religious undertones. For instance, in The Tell-Tale Heart, the narrator essentially ascribes himself the role of God; this is reinforced by the way he describes his supremacy: "the extent of my powers- of my sagacity". The notion of grandeur that the narrator assigns himself, however, ultimately reveals his very clear mental dilapidation. | <urn:uuid:f2865fb4-0730-4497-bbe7-a91c2c55542b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.ukessays.com/essays/english-literature/compare-the-examination-of-abnormal-psychology-english-literature-essay.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00392-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961398 | 3,972 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Willmar, MN — To initiate Partnering for Resilience -- supporting high needs families with young children through collaborative problem-solving around safety, resilience and independence
The Big Idea
PACT for Families wants to develop a web of mental health and other supports for high-need families with young children. The group plans to invite parents and professionals from public health, early childhood, social services and education to join the effort. With a focus on trauma prevention, the group plans to gather data and design pilot projects that build safety, resilience and independence for families across western and central Minnesota. | <urn:uuid:063c45d7-8dbe-43b3-a204-e807efd6a542> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bushfoundation.org/grantees/2016-pact-families-collaborative | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.923641 | 118 | 1.796875 | 2 |
If you are a typical economy fare flier, the airlines have come up with many ways to aggravate you over the years:
- Want to check a bag? Pay a fee.
- Want a meal? Buy it before you board the plane.
- Want a window seat? Pay an extra fee.
- Want a little extra leg room? Pay a fee.
- Want to board a little early to be sure there’s room for a carry on? Pay a fee.
What’s the latest inconvenience to add to this list? According to the Wall Street Journal, it is “The Incredible Shrinking Plane Seat.” As Jon Ostrower and Daniel Michaels report:
“Airlines’ push to lure high-paying fliers with flatbed business seats and premium economy loungers is leaving economy-class passengers with less space. A push over the past decade by carriers to expand higher-fare sections has shrunk the area devoted to coach on many big jets. But airlines don’t want to drop passengers. First they slimmed seats to add more rows. Now, big carriers including American Airlines, Air Canada, Air France-KLM, and Dubai’s Emirates Airline are cutting shoulder space by wedging an extra seat into each coach row. For almost 20 years, the standard economy setup in a Boeing 777 was 9 seats per row. But last year, nearly 70% of its biggest version of the plane had 10-abreast seating, up from 15% in 2010.”
Click the WSJ graphic to read more. | <urn:uuid:8a0be71a-c6a8-413d-9243-f0a00800e107> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://evansonmarketing.com/2013/10/24/the-airlines-find-yet-another-way-to-annoy-us/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720737.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00219-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.932938 | 329 | 1.703125 | 2 |
The planet is full to the brim with many beautiful animals from different species and environments. With many tours, expeditions, and experiences on offer, you might wonder where to start when traveling to various wildlife and animal conservation destinations.
If you are planning a fun-filled break away in 2022 or beyond, check out the best destinations for an animal-themed holiday for you and your loved ones.
Orlando, Florida, USA
Disney’s Animal Kingdom Lodge provides much fun for both young and old. Select rooms feature special alcoves, balconies, and glass windows that allow guests to spot surprise visitors during their stay, as well as throughout the resort. It is an ideal way to meet various exotic animals, such as:
- African Spoonbills
- Pink-backed Pelicans
The stunning lodges are bound to take your breath away, too. You and your loved ones are sure to adore the African-inspired architecture, which offers thatched ceilings, large beams, indigenous African shrubs, and genuine African artifacts.
Tanzania, East Africa
Of course, why pretend you are on an African safari holiday when you can experience one yourself? If you want to get up close to beautiful wildlife in their natural habitat, browse the many destinations you can visit at tanzaniaodyssey.com, an experienced Tanzania holiday tour operator. For example, you cannot go wrong with the Serengeti, which offers a chance to spot the Big 5 in the wild, which include:
- Cape Buffalo
As the wildlife can roam freely in an unspoiled environment, it is a travel experience that will remain in your mind forever.
The arctic is one of the few destinations that allow you to see polar bears for yourself and provides an insight into the heart-breaking reality of climate change. If you love animals of all shapes, sizes, and environments, you will never forget a trip to the Arctic. However, bear in mind the polar bear’s conservation status is more important than ever before, which is why you must find a responsible holiday provider. It will allow you to view and learn about the iconic species from wildlife experts while minimizing your environmental impact to protect these beautiful creatures.
The Galápagos Islands
Wildlife enthusiasts shouldn’t rule out a getaway to The Galápagos Islands, one of the most biologically rich and diverse destinations on the planet. Charles Darwin, a respected naturalist, famously observed various species across the island, which helped form his theory of evolution. Once you arrive at the destination, it will not be hard to see why Darwin chose to study the islands’ birds and wildlife, which are unlike many species you will find on Earth. Plus, as they aren’t afraid of humans, it is a unique travel experience that will remain in your mind for many decades to come.
Located in the Pacific Ocean and featuring 19 beautiful islands, the UNESCO World Heritage site serves as a ‘living museum and showcase of evolution.’ Spread across three ocean currents, the Galápagos Islands provide a melting pot of 2,900 beautiful marine species, including dolphins, whales, sharks, sea lions, albatrosses, penguins, sea turtles, fur seals, rays, and much more.
It will be hard to forget strapping on a mask and snorkel and exploring the Galápagos Islands for yourself. You can have faith you will be 100% safe when swimming in the water, too. Thousands of visitors explore the stunning waters at the world-class diving and snorkeling destination to get up close to local marine life. If all this wasn’t enough, you can visit the islands at any point in the year, so the islands are perfect for a break away in summer or winter. It is an experience you will never forget, and nor would you want to do so.
The above animal holidays are ideal for every age and interest, from young and old to solo travelers and large families. So, view the Big 5 in all their glory, get up close to polar bears, or view unique species at The Galápagos Islands. It will ensure you don’t look back on your life with any regrets. | <urn:uuid:b41170e9-43fd-4cb3-8258-88eb688442e3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://healthyvoyager.com/best-destinations-for-an-animal-themed-vacation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.928238 | 919 | 1.765625 | 2 |
In France, on April 17, 2016, the peaceful “Nuit Deout” (Rise Up at Night) protests turned violent. According to the French Interior Ministry, as of March 31, there were 100 people arrested due to conflicts with the police. To date, 400 people have been arrested since the beginning of the protests on March 31.
The peaceful demonstrations began in order to protest France’s proposed labor reform, which was recommended by the labor minister, Myriam El Khomri. Paris is just one city trying very hard to deal with high unemployment. The proposed reform suggests stopping overtime pay that exceeds 35 hours, making employers responsible for only 10 percent, instead of the 25 percent of the overtime bonus they are presently paying. Demonstrators have added more complaints, and it now looks like a revolution has broken out. Within the past few days, almost 3,000 people, mostly young, have occupied Place de la Republique in Paris. Every night, small groups come in with the apparent motive to create conflict with the police, who have cautioned the coordinators they should not let their peaceful protests be ruined by a few mischief-makers. Those protesting during the labor disputes, which are taking a violent turn in France, hope their actions will help authorities to stop devaluing the workforce.
Rise Up at Night is a movement that is against the “leftist” plan of Hollende and capitalism. The once-peaceful protests have turned so violent that police have used pepper spray and tear gas to break up the crowds. Previously, in April, protests linked to violent conflicts, with multiple arrests, were conducted across the country. Numerous journalists who were covering the demonstrations were hurt during the protests.
In Paris, Yanis Varoufakis, the previous finance minister from Greece, spoke to adversaries of the French government’s labor reforms, explaining that the reforms would “devalue labor.” He added it this would worsen things by making it simpler for businesses that are struggling to lay people off. According to the government, the reform will make the labor force inflexible, but protesters say it will not work, and the jobless rate for young people will not improve. At present, more than 20 percent of France’s youth are unemployed. Some have commented that Varoufakis has the qualities to be prime minister.
The Rise Up at Night workforce reform began as a uniting topic for the crowds, but has since taken on anti-business objections. The nightly protests have been tainted by periodic violence in France. Early Saturday, over 21 people were arrested after setting wooden pallets on fire and attacking police. who responded by setting off tear gas into the crowd. Some members of the police force were injured.
Labor disputes in France over the proposed reforms have taken a violent turn because the young people of the country feel they are being devalued. The people feel very strongly that making them work longer hours for less pay will not solve the high unemployment of the country.
By Katherine Miller
RT.com: Varoufakis joins French anti-labor reform protests in Paris
BBC News: France labour reforms: Hundreds of thousands protest
Yahoo News: Yanis Varoufakis rallies anti-reform protestors in Paris
Image Courtesy of David McKelvey’s Flickr Page – Creative Commons License | <urn:uuid:98c06f33-02d5-4292-9dd6-2a1378e3c7d6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://guardianlv.com/2016/04/labor-dispute-protests-in-france-turn-violent/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00058-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972834 | 684 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Hur bidrar Ipad till samspel i förskolan?
Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
This is qualitative study of, four teacher´s views on the use of iPad in teaching and learning. In addition, I will examine the disadvantages and advantages of iPad use as a teaching tool in preschools.
My questions are:
- What is the practical use of tablets in preschools today?
- Are preschool teachers using the tablet as a teaching tool? If so, how?
- Is the use of tablets in preschools contributing to children´s social interaction, as well as between children and teachers` social interaction?
The purpose of this study was to find out how the four teachers uses the iPad as a teaching tool in the interaction between children in preschool. I have chosen to use Vygotsky’s and John Dewey´s theories. Both mention the importance of social interaction in learning processes. Interaction is a large part in socio-cultural theory, which makes the theory useful.
I made qualitative interviews with four preschool teachers. I also made observations. My interviews and observations were made in two different preschools. The results showed that the iPad is a complementary educational tool. The teachers also thought that an iPad is an educational tool that can be used for different activities. The tool is used in social interaction where children expand their social development as they learn to interact, communicate and respect each other. The children communicate while talking about how to use the iPad. All teachers` attitudes were positive when it came to using the tablet in preschool. However, the teachers felt that there may be some drawbacks. Among other things, teachers must introduce the iPad properly. The iPad should be an educational tool, not a toy. Educators should therefore be present when children use the tablets.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2013. , 40 p.
play, tablet, preschool, language development, Learning Tools, social interaction
lek, surfplatta, förskola, språkutveckling, lärandeverktyg, socialt samspel
IdentifiersURN: urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-25639OAI: oai:DiVA.org:sh-25639DiVA: diva2:774198
Subject / course
2014-12-22, 12:34 (Swedish)
UppsokSocial and Behavioural Science, Law
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Want to know the new craze in WCs? Well it’s shower toilets. Yep, if you haven’t seen or heard of this latest innovation, let us introduce you to the toilet that offers WC and bidet functions in one, with technology to boost cleanliness, ease of use and eco benefits – sounds good.
To find out more about what this latest bathroom design is all about (and why you need to keep it on your radar), we spoke to bathroom manufacturer VitrA to find out all you need to know about the future of the humble loo. And we asked all of our burning questions.
Oh and if you already have a shower toilet in your bathroom, scroll down to the bottom as we’d love to hear how you’re finding it. VitrA will donate £15 to your charity of choice in return for you sharing your shower toilet feedback.
Onto those questions…
What is a shower toilet?
A shower toilet (sometimes also called a bidet toilet or a washlet) combines the functionality of a standard WC with the cleaning properties of a bidet.
In its simplest form, shower toilets work by spraying a gentle stream of water which can be turned on and off either by a button or a handle.
Certain designs, for example the VitrA V-Care model, offer additional features, such as front and rear washing as well as being able to alter the position of the water jet, the water temperature, and drying intensity to suit personal preferences.
Why should I have a shower toilet?
Shower toilets helps you to maintain that fresh just-showered feeling. They also avoid any skin irritation and discomfort caused by using toilet paper, plus these models are great for the environment because you use less paper.
Cleaning with warm water after using the toilet provides an increased sense of wellbeing and cleanliness and has already become the norm in many places across the world including Asia, the Middle East, and South America.
What other functions can I have?
Aside from washing, which is an essential part of a shower toilet, there are an array of other programmes available, depending on how much you are looking to invest.
These range from drying functions, adaptable temperatures and adjustable nozzle position, to heated seat, air purification, and night lights.
Are shower toilets easy to install?
The process varies depending on what type of shower toilet you choose. Some designs only require a water connection. For example, the VitrA Aquacare shower toilets can be easily installed in place of your existing WC by a plumber, as there are no additional connections required.
For smart shower toilets – which come with additional features such as remote control – like the VitrA V-Care, you need electrical and water connections and this should always be done by a qualified electrician.
Can I put a shower toilet in the same place after removing my standard WC?
Yes. The installation process is the same as if you’re fitting a conventional loo as the pipes connect to the shower toilet in the same way. The only difference is if the shower design needs an electrical and additional water connection.
However, if you’re doing a complete bathroom renovation, this shouldn’t cause much additional disruption. If you have chosen a wall-hung option, you will need to use a concealed frame fitting in the wall.
Alternatively VitrA offers Vitrus, a glass-cased cistern that can be used with the Aquacare shower toilets and offers a unique solution to installing a wall-hung WC without having to build behind the wall or create a stud wall.
What happens if there’s a power cut?
Good news: the VitrA V-Care can still be used like a conventional toilet when there is a power cut. While you won’t be able to activate the bidet nozzle, you can use toilet paper and press the flush button as usual, plus manually open and close the toilet seat, which with full power would be automatic.
If the electricity fails during use, water streaming, heating, air purification, and the auto open/close function will stop immediately. If the nozzle is in use while it happens it will remain in the same position but the water will stop. Once the electricity is restored you will need to press the stop button to reset the nozzle.
Will having a shower toilet increase my energy bills?
The energy consumption of a shower toilet is minimal as it only uses power when it is in use – it does not run constantly throughout the day.
Are shower toilets eco friendly?
The UK uses 1.3 million tonnes of toilet paper a year, according to the Confederation of Paper Industries, significantly contributing to landfill. Shower toilets reduce the need for toilet paper and the VitrA V-Care products offer a completely paperless solution, so you’ll save on toilet roll, too.
Who can use a shower toilet?
Anyone can use a shower toilet – who doesn’t want that just-showered, fresh feeling?
But we also know that they are particularly beneficial for elderly people and those with limited movement. The automatic features such as seat opening and closing helps those with less mobility, while the washing features can be controlled using a remote control, which means people can more easily wash and dry themselves without needing assistance, as there is no far reaching involved.
Shower toilets also benefit those who suffer from intimate skin irritations, thanks to the gentle and thorough cleaning with water and drying with air. The adjustable nozzles are also beneficial for pregnant women, as well, as it means they do not have to lean into awkward positions.
Do you already have a shower toilet?
VitrA is undertaking market research to better understand attitudes and behaviours around shower toilets. If you have a shower toilet in your home and would be interested in taking part in VitrA’s research, please email mailto:[email protected]. For those who take part, VitrA is offering a £15 donation to a charity of your choice.
For more information on VitrA’s range of shower toilets, visit vitra.co.uk
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Resources for Families
At Children’s National, we understand that families have many questions about their child’s condition and care. Your care providers may offer specific resources, but we also have online resources available to answer your questions and connect you with the information you need.
Children’s understands that when a child needs surgery, it is a stressful time for families. Children’s has many resources to help families prepare for the experience.
Did you know that scald burns are the number one cause of burn injury to children under the age of 4 and more than 24,000 children are burned by hot liquids each year? Learn more here. | <urn:uuid:fd1449b6-3ce8-4b1b-b1e4-e65c87893345> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://childrensnational.org/departments/trauma-and-burns/resources-for-families?sc_lang=en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00066-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963104 | 134 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Career and Education Opportunities for Financial Examiners in Nashua, New Hampshire
For those living in the Nashua, New Hampshire area, there are many career and education opportunities for financial examiners. The national trend for financial examiners sees this job pool growing by about 41.2% over the next eight years. Financial examiners generally enforce or ensure compliance with laws and regulations governing financial and securities institutions and financial and real estate transactions.
Income for financial examiners is about $32 per hour or $66,610 annually on average in New Hampshire. Nationally, their income is about $34 hourly or $70,930 annually. Compared with people working in the overall category of Accounting and Auditing, people working as financial examiners in New Hampshire earn more. They earn more than people working in the overall category of Accounting and Auditing nationally. People working as financial examiners can fill a number of jobs, such as: compliance specialist, compliance manager, and compliance coordinator.
There are eleven schools within twenty-five miles of Nashua where you can study to be a financial examiner, among fifty-seven schools of higher education total in the Nashua area. Given that the most common education level for financial examiners is a Bachelor's degree, it will take about four years to learn to be a financial examiner if you already have a high school diploma.
CAREER DESCRIPTION: Financial Examiner
In general, financial examiners enforce or ensure compliance with laws and regulations governing financial and securities institutions and financial and real estate transactions. They also may examine, verify correctness of, or establish authenticity of records.
Every day, financial examiners are expected to be able to think through problems and come up with general rules. They need to articulate ideas and problems. It is also important that they listen to and understand others in meetings.
It is important for financial examiners to formulate and review work of assigned subordinates. They are often called upon to investigate efforts of institutions to enforce laws and regulations and to insure legality of transactions and operations or financial solvency. They also inspect balance sheets, operating income and expense accounts, and loan documentation to confirm institution assets and liabilities. They are sometimes expected to recommend actions to insure adherence to laws and regulations, or to safeguard solvency of institutions. Somewhat less frequently, financial examiners are also expected to evaluate data processing applications for institutions under examination to evolve recommendations for coordinating existing systems with examination procedures.
Financial examiners sometimes are asked to train other examiners in the financial examination process. They also have to be able to inspect audit reports of internal and external auditors to track adequacy of scope of reports or to discover specific weaknesses in internal routines and inspect and analyze new, proposed, or revised laws, regulations and procedures to interpret their meaning and decide on their impact. And finally, they sometimes have to establish guidelines for procedures and policies that comply with new and revised regulations and direct their implementation.
Like many other jobs, financial examiners must have exceptional integrity and be thorough and dependable.
Similar jobs with educational opportunities in Nashua include:
- Accountant. Analyze financial information and prepare financial reports to determine or maintain records of assets, liabilities, profit and loss, tax liability, or other financial activities within an organization.
- Assessor. Appraise real and personal property to determine its fair value. May assess taxes in accordance with prescribed schedules.
- Auditor. Examine and analyze accounting records to determine financial status of establishment and prepare financial reports concerning operating procedures.
- Budget Analyst. Examine budget estimates for completeness, accuracy, and conformance with procedures and regulations. Analyze budgeting and accounting reports for the purpose of maintaining expenditure controls.
- Credit Analyst. Analyze current credit data and financial statements of individuals or firms to determine the degree of risk involved in extending credit or lending money. Prepare reports with this credit information for use in decision-making.
- Financial Analyst. Conduct quantitative analyses of information affecting investment programs of public or private institutions.
- Income Tax Advisor. Prepare tax returns for individuals or small businesses but do not have the background or responsibilities of an accredited or certified public accountant.
- Loan Counselor. Provide guidance to prospective loan applicants who have problems qualifying for traditional loans. Guidance may include determining the best type of loan and explaining loan requirements or restrictions.
- Loan Officer. Evaluate, authorize, or recommend approval of commercial, real estate, or credit loans. Advise borrowers on financial status and methods of payments. Includes mortgage loan officers and agents, collection analysts, loan servicing officers, and loan underwriters.
- Personal Financial Planner. Advise clients on financial plans utilizing knowledge of tax and investment strategies, securities, and real estate. Duties include assessing clients' assets, liabilities, and financial objectives to establish investment strategies.
- Real Estate Appraiser. Appraise real property to determine its value for purchase, sales, or loan purposes.
- Tax Examiner. Determine tax liability or collect taxes from individuals or business firms according to prescribed laws and regulations.
EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES: Financial Examiner Training
Merrimack College - North Andover, MA
Merrimack College, 315 Turnpike St, North Andover, MA 01845. Merrimack College is a small college located in North Andover, Massachusetts. It is a private not-for-profit school with primarily 4-year or above programs. It has 2,154 students and an admission rate of 79%. Merrimack College has a bachelor's degree program in Accounting which graduated one student in 2008.
NHTI-Concord's Community College - Concord, NH
NHTI-Concord's Community College, 31 College Drive, Concord, NH 03301-7412. NHTI-Concord's Community College is a small college located in Concord, New Hampshire. It is a public school with primarily 2-year programs. It has 3,646 students and an admission rate of 73%. NHTI-Concord's Community College has a less than one year and an associate's degree program in Accounting which graduated nine and nineteen students respectively in 2008.
Nashua Community College - Nashua, NH
Nashua Community College, 505 Amherst St, Nashua, NH 03063-1026. Nashua Community College is a small college located in Nashua, New Hampshire. It is a public school with primarily 2-year programs and has 1,925 students. Nashua Community College has a less than one year and an associate's degree program in Accounting which graduated two and twelve students respectively in 2008.
Saint Anselm College - Manchester, NH
Saint Anselm College, 100 Saint Anselm Drive, Manchester, NH 03102-1310. Saint Anselm College is a small college located in Manchester, New Hampshire. It is a private not-for-profit school with primarily 4-year or above programs. It has 1,900 students and an admission rate of 70%. Saint Anselm College has a bachelor's degree program in Accounting which graduated seventeen students in 2008.
Manchester Community College - Manchester, NH
Manchester Community College, 1066 Front St, Manchester, NH 03102-8518. Manchester Community College is a small college located in Manchester, New Hampshire. It is a public school with primarily 2-year programs and has 2,443 students. Manchester Community College has a less than one year and an associate's degree program in Accounting which graduated three and twenty-one students respectively in 2008.
Franklin Pierce University - Rindge, NH
Franklin Pierce University, 40 University Drive, Rindge, NH 03461-0060. Franklin Pierce University is a small university located in Rindge, New Hampshire. It is a private not-for-profit school with primarily 4-year or above programs. It has 2,526 students and an admission rate of 77%. Franklin Pierce University has an associate's degree and a bachelor's degree program in Accounting which graduated fourteen and four students respectively in 2008.
Northern Essex Community College - Haverhill, MA
Northern Essex Community College, 100 Elliott Street, Haverhill, MA 01830-2399. Northern Essex Community College is a medium sized college located in Haverhill, Massachusetts. It is a public school with primarily 2-year programs and has 7,020 students. Northern Essex Community College has an associate's degree program in Accounting which graduated twenty-one students in 2008.
Hesser College - Manchester, NH
Hesser College, 3 Sundial Ave, Manchester, NH 03103-9969. Hesser College is a small college located in Manchester, New Hampshire. It is a private for-profit school with primarily 4-year or above programs and has 3,748 students. Hesser College has an associate's degree and a bachelor's degree program in Accounting which graduated thirty-nine and twenty-eight students respectively in 2008.
Southern New Hampshire University - Manchester, NH
Southern New Hampshire University, 2500 N River Rd, Manchester, NH 03106. Southern New Hampshire University is a medium sized university located in Manchester, New Hampshire. It is a private not-for-profit school with primarily 4-year or above programs. It has 7,000 students and an admission rate of 74%. Southern New Hampshire University has 2 areas of study related to Financial Examiner. They are:
- Accounting, associate's degree, bachelor's degree, postbaccalaureate certificate, master's degree, and post-master's certificate which graduated fifteen, fifty, ten, thirty-one, and fourteen students respectively in 2008.
- Taxation, post-master's certificate which graduated 1 student in 2008.
Atlantic Union College - South Lancaster, MA
Atlantic Union College, 338 Main St, South Lancaster, MA 01561-1000. Atlantic Union College is a small college located in South Lancaster, Massachusetts. It is a private not-for-profit school with primarily 4-year or above programs and has 384 students. Atlantic Union College has an associate's degree and a bachelor's degree program in Accounting which graduated zero and one students respectively in 2008.
Fitchburg State College - Fitchburg, MA
Fitchburg State College, 160 Pearl St, Fitchburg, MA 01420-2697. Fitchburg State College is a medium sized college located in Fitchburg, Massachusetts. It is a public school with primarily 4-year or above programs. It has 6,400 students and an admission rate of 66%. Fitchburg State College has a master's degree program in Accounting which graduated two students in 2008.
Certified Forensic Accountant: Forensic accountants are professionals who use a unique blend of education and experience to apply accounting, auditing, and investigative skills to uncover truth, form legal opinions, and assist in investigations.
For more information, see the American College of Forensic Examiners website.
Associate in Premium Auditing: The Associate in Premium Auditing program provides a sold foundation in essential auditing, accounting, and insurance principles.
For more information, see the American Institute for CPCU and Insurance Institute of America website.
Risk Management for Public Entities: Understand the unique nature of the public sector.
For more information, see the American Institute for CPCU and Insurance Institute of America website.
Certified Treasury Professional Associate: We recognize the accomplishments of these full-time students who successfully completed the Corporate Treasury Management program at their college/university and passed the CTP exam to earn the Certified Treasury Professional Associate credential.
For more information, see the Association for Financial Professionals website.
Certified Fraud Examiner: The ACFE established and administers the Certified Fraud Examiner (CFE) designation.
For more information, see the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners website.
Certified Bank Auditor: The purpose of BAI Center for Certification - Certified Bank Auditor® (CBA) Continuing Professional Education (CPE) Program is to promote professional development and to provide a means for recognizing CBAs to keep current with industry changes or furthering their own development in banking, technology, auditing, or other disciplines that contribute to a CBA?s growth and development.
For more information, see the BAI Center for Certification website.
International Certificate in Banking Risk and Regulation: The role of risk management is becoming more important as both banks and supervisors around the world increasingly recognize that sound risk management practices are vital, not only for the success of individual banks, but also for the banking system as a whole.
For more information, see the Global Association of Risk Professionals website.
Certified IRA Services Professional: Applicable to financial services professionals who have dedicated IRA operational and technical experience.
For more information, see the Institute of Certified Bankers website.
Accredited Insurance Examiner: An Accredited Insurance Examiner (AIE) is awarded to insurance regulatory professionals who have been extensively trained in one of two primary fields of insurance regulation, Property and Casualty or Life and Health.
For more information, see the Insurance Regulatory Examiners Society website.
Certified Investment Management Analyst: The CIMA offers an intense educational experience focusing on asset allocation, manager search and selection, investment policy and performance measurement.
For more information, see the Investment Management Consultants Association website.
Economic Development Finance Professional: In NDC's EDFP Certification Program you will build the capacity to translate development opportunities into results for their communities.
For more information, see the The National Development Council website.
LOCATION INFORMATION: Nashua, New Hampshire
Nashua is situated in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire. It has a population of over 86,576. The cost of living index in Nashua, 119, is far greater than the national average. New single-family homes in Nashua are valued at $175,700 on average, which is well below the state average. In 2008, fifty-seven new homes were constructed in Nashua, down from seventy-nine the previous year.
The three big industries for women in Nashua are health care, educational services, and computer and electronic products. For men, it is computer and electronic products, professional, scientific, and technical services, and construction. The average commute to work is about 25 minutes. More than 31.5% of Nashua residents have a bachelor's degree, which is lower than the state average. The percentage of residents with a graduate degree, 11.2%, is lower than the state average.
The unemployment rate in Nashua is 7.5%, which is greater than New Hampshire's average of 6.5%.
The percentage of Nashua residents that are affiliated with a religious congregation, 58.1%, is more than both the national and state average. Bethel Church, Unitarian Universalist Church of Nashua and Trinity Baptist Church are among the churches located in Nashua. The most common religious groups are the Catholic Church, the United Church of Christ and the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America.
Nashua is home to the Hillsborough County Courthouse and the Goodhue Memorial Library as well as Deschenes Oval and Nashua Manufacturing Company Historic District. Shopping malls in the area include Amherst Street Mall Shopping Center, Royal Ridge Mall Shopping Center and Nashua Mall Shopping Center. Visitors to Nashua can choose from Chalet Susse Motor Lodge, Crowne Plaza Nashua and Speaker's Corner Restaurant for temporary stays in the area. | <urn:uuid:7858e15f-b1f3-4f18-9b07-3c2d29222528> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.careeroverview.com/usa/new-hampshire/nashua/business-and-financial-operations/accounting-and-auditing/financial-examiner/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00425-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938564 | 3,176 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Hannah Traore’s New York City Gallery Shines a Light on Marginalized Artists
Hannah Traore spent her childhood at art galleries and museums with her mother, a collector and artist herself who imported West African art to Canada. Now, the 27-year-old, who grew up in Toronto, is living in New York City, where she recently opened her eponymous gallery.
Traore studied art history at Skidmore College in Upstate New York and got her start in curation working for Canadian art collector Kenneth Montague in Toronto. “Ken is so influential because he shows the art world that Black people are out here doing the important work,” she says. Back in New York, she interned at big-name galleries—including The Museum of Modern Art and Fotografiska—that she describes as predominantly white institutions. “I knew from there that I wanted to do my own thing,” she says. “You can’t go full throttle on your vision in someone else’s space.”
The Hannah Traore Gallery opened its doors in January with a focus on artists who are from under-represented communities and teeter on the line between commercial art and fine art. This spring, it hosted the celebrated Jamaican-American photographer Renee Cox’s first solo show in more than 15 years.
It took Traore 18 months to launch. Much of that time was spent creating a business plan and hiring a team, including branding experts, interior designers, an art lawyer, a bookkeeper and a publicist as well as financial consultants who helped her determine pricing for artworks. “I don’t have a business background,” she says. “But I knew I could give a lot to the conversation about what is considered gallery-worthy art.”
Despite being in its infancy, the gallery is already attracting large crowds of art lovers. The gallerist’s MO is to translate the buzz into sales. Thanks in part to the past two years’ bigger cultural shift of centring artists of colour, Traore is already seeing appetite from investors.
But she also wants her gallery to be a space where those who can’t afford to start a collection can still come and admire the works. “Exposure is so important,” she says. “When I look back in 10 years, I want to know that I’ve been an integral part of helping gallerists and curators of colour take up positions of power.”
- Making room
The 280-squaremetre space is divided into two galleries: one for short-term exhibits and the other for bigger, immersive installations.
- Curve appeal
Traore was keen to avoid the “white cube” look of traditional galleries, so she rounded entryways and used a palette of warm neutrals.
- Good neighbours
The gallery is located on the Lower East Side, just down the street from NYC foodie staples Katz’s Delicatessen and Russ & Daughters. | <urn:uuid:92dd1df2-9f39-4f30-ab49-f56debc238ae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.canadianbusiness.com/design/hannah-traore-gallery-new-york-city/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.965756 | 639 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Electric multiple unit
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|Multiple unit trains|
An electric multiple unit or EMU is a multiple unit train consisting of self-propelled carriages, using electricity as the motive power. An EMU requires no separate locomotive, as electric traction motors are incorporated within one or a number of the carriages. Most EMUs are used for passenger trains, but some have been built or converted for specialised non-passenger roles, such as carrying mail or luggage, or in departmental use, for example as de-icing trains. An EMU is usually formed of two or more semi-permanently coupled carriages, but electrically powered single-unit railcars are also generally classed as EMUs.
EMUs are popular on commuter and suburban rail networks around the world due to their fast acceleration and pollution-free operation. Being quieter than DMUs and locomotive-drawn trains, EMUs can operate later at night and more frequently without disturbing residents living near the railway lines. In addition, tunnel design for EMU trains is simpler as provisions do not need to be made for diesel exhaust fumes, although retrofitting existing tunnels to accommodate the extra equipment needed to transmit the power to the train can be expensive and difficult if the tunnel has limited clearance.
The first EMUs were used on the elevated Liverpool Overhead Railway in 1893. The southern terminal of the railway was underground, giving the LOR the distinction of also being the first to use EMUs underground. Each carriage had an electric traction motor and was specifically designed and constructed to be light in weight while running on elevated steel sections. The first EMUs were two-carriage trains later graduating to three carriages, with the front and rear carriages powered. Liverpool Museum retains an example of the Liverpool Overhead Railway EMU carriage. An early proponent of EMUs was the American engineer Frank J. Sprague, who supplied them to the South Side Elevated Railroad in Chicago in 1897.
The cars that form a complete EMU set can usually be separated by function into four types: power car, motor car, driving car, and trailer car. Each car can have more than one function, such as a motor-driving car or power-driving car.
- A power car carries the necessary equipment to draw power from the electrified infrastructure, such as pickup shoes for third rail systems and pantographs for overhead systems, and transformers.
- Motor cars carry the traction motors to move the train, and are often combined with the power car to avoid high-voltage inter-car connections.
- Driving cars are similar to a cab car, containing a driver's cab for controlling the train. An EMU will usually have two driving cars at its outer ends.
- Trailer cars are any cars that carry little or no traction or power related equipment, and are similar to passenger cars in a locomotive-hauled train. On third rail systems the outer vehicles usually carry the pick up shoes, with the motor vehicles receiving the current via intra-unit connections.
Many modern 2-car EMU sets are set up as "married pair" units. While both units in a married pair are typically driving motors, the ancillary equipment (air compressor and tanks, batteries and charging equipment, traction power and control equipment, etc.) are shared between the two cars in the set. Since neither car can operate without its "partner", such sets are permanently coupled and can only be split at maintenance facilities. Advantages of married pair units include weight and cost savings over single-unit cars (due to halving the ancillary equipment required per set) while allowing all cars to be powered, unlike a motor-trailer combination. Disadvantages include a loss of operational flexibility, as trains must be multiples of two cars, and a failure on a single car could force removing both it and its partner from service.
Some of the more famous electric multiple units in the world are high-speed trains: the AGV in France, Italian Pendolino, Shinkansen in Japan and ICE 3 in Germany. The retired New York–Washington Metroliner service, first operated by the Pennsylvania Railroad and later by Amtrak, also featured high-speed electric multiple-unit cars, see Budd Metroliner.
- N. K. De (2004). Electric Drives. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. 8.4 "Electric traction", p.84.
- Media related to Electric multiple unit at Wikimedia Commons | <urn:uuid:780047cf-33a2-40f7-8e05-54fb797a0a66> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_multiple_unit | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00017-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95113 | 935 | 3.6875 | 4 |
Cutaneous warts are a common presenting complaint in children and adolescents.Common, plantar, or flat warts are cutaneous manifestations of the human papillomavirus.Warts are estimated to occur in up to 10 percent of children and young adults. The range of greatest incidence is between 12 and 16 years of age.1 Warts occur with greater frequency in girls than in boys. The peak incidence is at 13 years of age in females and 14.5 years
of age in males.
Treatment of Warts
VISIT YOUR DERMATOLOGIST
- Salicylic acid helps to reduce the thickness of warts
- Carbon dioxide laser
- Local heat with ND:YAG Laser
- Podophyllin and podophyllotoxin used for Genital Warts | <urn:uuid:6d1404f5-2e18-4c74-807b-61050a70535d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://skin.com.pk/Warts | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.887924 | 183 | 3.125 | 3 |
- Question and Answer
- Open Access
Q&A: How does peptide signaling direct plant development?
BMC Biology volume 14, Article number: 58 (2016)
A significant part of the communication between plant cells is mediated by signaling peptides and their corresponding plasma membrane-localized receptor-like kinases. This communication mechanism serves as a key regulatory unit for coordination of plant growth and development. In the past years more peptide–receptor signaling pathways have been shown to regulate developmental processes, such as shoot and root meristem maintenance, seed formation, and floral abscission. More detailed understanding of the processes behind this regulation might also be helpful to increase the yield of crop plants.
How were plant peptides discovered?
Growth and development of multicellular organisms is coordinated via cell-to-cell interactions. Different hormones, including small secreted polypeptides, maintain this communication in plants, fulfilling a vast variety of functions in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Their involvement in developmental processes by acting as a key component in cell-to-cell communication will be the focus of this Q&A.
The first described plant signaling peptide was tomato systemin (TomSys), which was discovered in the 1970s by Clarence E. Ryan . Wounded tomato leaves, when added in water to young tomato plants, induced the production of proteinase inhibitors I and II, and this led to the identification of an 18 amino acid signaling peptide termed TomSys. TomSys is involved in the production of jasmonic acid, which is the main wound response signal, initiating, for example, intracellular signaling cascades via mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) [2, 3].
What signaling peptides are now known?
Approximately 13 plant peptide families have been identified so far, including CLE (CLAVATA3/EMBRYO-SURROUNDING REGION, CLV3/ESR) and IDA (INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION), with more than 1000 genes encoding putative small signaling molecules . They can be grouped into two classes, the small post-translationally modified peptides and the cysteine-rich polypeptides . Small post-translationally modified peptides are usually composed of 5 to 20 amino acids. Cysteine-rich polypeptides have a length of approximately 50 amino acids and are synthesized as precursor proteins . Peptide families that belong to the small post-translationally modified peptides are, for example, the CLE, IDA, and RGF (ROOT GROWTH FACTOR) peptides [7–10]. RALF (RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR) and PDF (PLANT DEFENSIN) peptides are examples of cysteine-rich polypeptides [11, 12].
How are plant peptides processed and post-translationally modified?
Most plant peptides are products of proteolysed precursor proteins . A few peptides are produced by non-ribosomal synthesis, such as glutathione and phytochelatins . Processing of the precursor peptide can occur in the cytosol or in the apoplast since proteases are also part of the plant secretome . An overview of the processing and secretion of some signaling peptide families is shown in Fig. 1.
For example, members of the CLE peptide family are translated as a prepropeptide with a length of approximately 100 amino acids and are further processed to a 12–14 amino acid peptide [16–18]. The prepropeptides share an N-terminal signal sequence to direct them into the secretory pathway and the conserved CLE motif close to their C-terminus [19–21]. Processing is achieved by serine proteases, most likely members of the subtilisin family that cleave off the N-terminal part of the proprotein at a conserved arginine in the CLE motif. The C-terminal part is then removed by a carboxypeptidase [22, 23]. CLE propeptides are further post-translationally modified by hydroxylation and glycosylation. These modifications are mediated by enzymes during their secretion and enhance the receptor binding activity of the mature CLE peptides .
Cysteine-rich peptides usually have an N-terminal signal sequence to direct them into the secretory pathway. Only some of them are further proteolytically processed, such as STOMAGEN, the EPF peptides, and RALF. However, correct folding and establishment of disulfide bridges is required for their function. RALF was first identified in tobacco and RALF23 was shown to be processed by a subtilisin protease [25, 26]. STOMAGEN and the related EPF-like peptides are involved in epidermal patterning and stomatal development and are also processed from larger precursors .
Small post-translationally modified peptides carry tyrosine sulfations, proline hydroxylations, or arabinosylations . Some of these modifications change the peptide conformation—for example, the hydroxylation of a proline side chain induces a kink into the peptide that could enhance its affinity for the receptor . The peptides might also be protected from proteolysis by masking the recognition sequences of proteases in their sequence .
Tyrosine sulfation is mediated by the tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase (TPST). TPST catalyzes the transfer reaction of sulfate from 3’-phosphoadenosine 5’-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to a tyrosine side chain . Three peptide classes with tyrosine sulfation are known: PSKs (phytosulfokines), PSY1, and RGFs (root meristem growth factors) [9, 32, 33].
Proline hydroxylation is mediated by prolyl-4-hydroxylase (P4H), which is a membrane protein that localizes to the Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum network . Hydroxyproline (Hyp) residues are present in several small post-translationally modified peptides like CLV3, CLE2, and TDIF (tracheary elements differentiation inhibitory factor) [18, 35].
In several small secreted peptides Hyp residues are further linked to an O-linked-I-arabinose chain. Examples of arabinosylated peptides are CLV3 and CLE2 .
How are plant peptides perceived by the cells?
Signaling peptides are perceived via plasma membrane-localized receptor-like kinases (RLKs) . The largest subfamily of RLKs, leucine-rich repeat RLKs (LRR-RLK), consist of more than 200 members in Arabidopsis . LRR-RLKs carry an extracellular LRR domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular kinase domain, which is activated upon peptide binding to the LRR domain . The activated kinase domain can induce several different pathways leading to cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, or a defense response.
Five different crystal structures of peptides (PSK, IDA, FLG22, PEP1, TDIF) bound to their receptors (PSKR, HAE, FLS2, PEPR1, PXY, BAK1, SERK1) have been resolved [29, 38–41]. All show the binding of the peptide to inner surfaces of the LRR domains. In all structures the peptides share a similar orientation, with their C-termini pointing towards the C-termini of their respective receptors. The C-termini of FLG22 and PEP1 receptors mediate receptor interactions. Since their binding mechanism is quite similar, this might also be true for the TDIF receptor, PXY .
So what do plant peptides do?
Binding of the signaling peptide to the corresponding receptor leads to the activation of various pathways. For example, peptides important in developmental processes regulate the stem cell niches in shoot or root apical meristems (CLV3 and CLE40) or the promotion of abscission (IDA) [8, 10, 42]. The cysteine-rich peptide STOMAGEN is involved in stomata development and overexpression or addition of STOMAGEN increases the number of stomata in plants . Some examples of developmentally important signaling peptides can be found in Fig. 2. Besides functions in developmental processes, signaling peptides are also important in stress responses and symbiotic interactions with microbes [43–45]. As a prime example, the phytosulfonkines (PSKs) may serve to integrate signals from interactions with pathogens and symbionts with the plant’s growth requirements .
Are there any well-studied examples of plant peptides
Yes—for example, several peptide-triggered pathways regulate the maintenance of long-lasting populations of stem cells in meristems, which is a prerequisite for continuous plant development. The feedback loop controlling shoot apical meristem size is a well-studied example of the role of signaling peptides in development. This feedback loop comprises the signaling peptide CLV3, the LRR-RLK CLV1, a receptor heteromer consisting of the RLP CLV2 and the pseudokinase CRN (CORYNE), and the RLK RPK2 (RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN KINASE 2)/TOAD2 (TOADSTOOL 2) [10, 47–50]. Binding of CLV3 to the receptors negatively regulates the expression of WUS (WUSCHEL), which encodes a homeodomain transcription factor. WUS is expressed in the organizing center and promotes stem cell identity of cells at the apex of the shoot meristem . WUS thereby positively regulates the expression of stem cell-expressed CLV3 and thus establishes a negative feedback loop that maintains a relatively stable number of stem cells [51, 52].
The closely related peptide CLE40 controls stem cells in the root meristem . In the distal root meristem, CLE40 acts through the RLK ARABIDOPSIS CRINKLY4 (ACR4), which is structurally unrelated to LRR-RLKs, and also the LRR-RLK CLV1 to promote cell differentiation . In the proximal meristem, CLE40 signaling requires the LRR-RLP CLV2 in a complex with CRN to inhibit or delay cell differentiation. In both parts of the root meristem, CLE40 signaling controls the expression of several phytohormone biosynthetic genes and of stem cell-specific transcription factors .
Another example of well-characterized peptide signaling pathways is the IDA peptide-triggered pathway. IDA regulates the separation of cells by inducing degradation of the cell wall during floral organ abscission . The predicted IDA family peptides share a conserved 12 amino acid PIP motif close to their C-termini. The mature IDA peptide consists only of this 12 amino acid motif, contains hydroxyprolinated residues, and shows high activity in a bioassay based on measuring the release of reactive oxygen species . In the abscission zone, IDA interacts with the RLKs HAESA (HAE) and HAESA-LIKE2 (HSL2) . These receptors form complexes with SERKs and trigger the sequential activation of a MAP kinase cascade consisting of MKK4, MKK5, MPK3, and MPK6 , and the release of reactive oxygen species via RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOGS (RBOH) activity [55, 58, 59]. IDA signaling leads to the suppression of the transcription factor KNAT1 (KNOTTED-LIKE FROM ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA1), which restricts the related TFs KNAT2 and KNAT6 and thereby controls the expression of genes involved in cell separation .
Signaling peptides are also involved in fertilization and seed formation. EC1 (EGG CELL 1) is a cysteine-rich polypeptide that is important during double fertilization for priming sperm cell activation . Together with four EC1-like genes, EC1 is essential for sperm cell fusion to the female gametes. The cysteine-rich EMBRYO SURROUNDING FACTOR 1 (ESF1) peptides act redundantly to EC1 . CLE8 is a small signaling peptide that is involved in Arabidopsis embryogenesis. cle8 mutant plants show a high percentage of defective seeds with phenotypes including wrinkled seeds or seeds aborted at early developmental stages . CLE8 is expressed in the early embryo and induces expression of the WUS related transcription factor WOX8 in suspensor cells, leading to a CLE8–WOX8 regulatory module that organizes suspensor and endosperm development. An overview of the pathways induced by CLV3, CLE40, and IDA is shown in Fig. 3.
How were the peptide-signaling pathways that control plant development analyzed?
Many of them were first observed by knock-out mutant phenotypes. Later, related family members were often studied by overexpression analysis. Bioinformatic analysis of plant genomes allowed for prediction and identification of further families. Today, it is estimated that around 1800 peptides are encoded by the Arabidopsis genome. Since signaling peptides might be able to travel long distances within the plant and interact with multiple receptors, the identification of the corresponding receptor is not always easy. In 2014 Tabata et al. published a novel approach to identify peptide–receptor complexes. They generated an expression library of Arabidopsis LRR-RLKs by overexpressing the proteins in tobacco BY-2 cells. Using photoaffinity-labeled peptides, they could identify new receptors that interact with the peptide. This presented technique is promising for identification of so far unknown receptors for several signaling peptides.
What about pathogen perception?
Some signaling peptides are involved in pathogen perception. One of the best studied pathogen response pathways is the LRR-RLK FLAGELLIN SENSING2 (FLS2)-mediated pathway in the innate immune response. FLS2 plays a critical role in sensing pathogens by binding to bacterial flagellin . Upon flagellin binding, FLS2 interacts with the LRR-RLK BAK1, which leads to intracellular calcium signaling and activation of downstream responses [66, 67]. The receptor-like cytoplasmatic kinase (RLCK) BRI1-ASSOCIATED KINASE1/SOMATIC EMBRYO RECEPTOR KINASE3 (BIK1) interacts with FLS2 and BAK1 and is phosphorylated by BAK1 upon flagellin binding. BIK1 then dissociates from the complex and participates in downstream phosphorylation signaling cascades . BIK1 directly phosphorylates the NADPH oxidase RbohD, which leads to a Ca2+ influx-dependent oxidative burst by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) . Other immediate downstream components of this signaling pathway are, for example, the Ca2+ influx channels ACA8 and ACA10 (AUTOINHIBITED Ca2+ ATPase) that interact with FLS2 after flg22 binding and aggregate in lipid rafts . The activation of MAPKs upon flagellin binding to FLS2 is not dependent on BIK1; hence, FLS2 activation leads to the activation of separable downstream pathways including Ca2+ transients . An overview of LRR-RLK FLS2 signaling pathway is represented in Fig. 3.
Besides developmental processes, CLE peptides are also involved in nematode attacks. Nematodes secrete various CLE-like effector proteins, which are injected into the host plant during the parasitic cycle. For example, a CLE-like gene was identified in Heterodera glycines, a soybean cyst nematode, which is thought to be an effector gene required for pathogenicity . Several nematode CLEs can mimic endogenous Arabidopsis CLEs and act as ligands for Arabidopsis receptors, thereby ensuring successful infection by the nematode and development of the syncytium, a multinucleate cell formed by fusion of several plant cells, on which it feeds .
Is there crosstalk between plant peptide signaling pathways?
There is potential for crosstalk because highly similar CLE genes are clustered (CLE4/5/6/7) and some of them even encode peptides with the same amino acid sequence. Due to this probably very recent gene duplication, they might still act redundantly . Indeed, addition of various CLE peptides often leads to similar phenotypes, indicating redundancy but also possible crosstalk between signaling pathways. For example, CLE42 and CLE41/CLE44 inhibit tracheary element differentiation but do not inhibit root growth . In contrast, overexpression of many other CLE genes suppresses root growth.
There is also the potential for crosstalk at the receptor level: CLV3 signaling leads to the repression of not only WUS but also the BARELY ANY MERISTEM (BAM) gene, which encodes a CLV1-related RLK. In clv1 mutant backgrounds, BAM1 is upregulated and can perceive the CLV3 ligand. The normal ligand for BAM1 has not yet been identified but is likely also a CLE peptide. Nimchuk et al. suggested that BAM expression in the shoot apical meristem could contribute to the robustness of the CLV network against perturbations.
A much-discussed publication in 2011 reported that CLV3 can trigger the innate immune response via binding to the FLS2 receptor , suggesting crosstalk between developmental and pathogen response pathways. The authors indicated that such a mechanism may prime cells at their point of origin, the stem cell zone, for future encounters with pathogenic bacteria. However, the CLE40 peptide, which is closely related to CLV3, could not initiate any response mediated by FLS2. Sengonzac et al. then meticulously tested the effect of CLV3 on FLS2 in Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts and seedlings but could not detect any immune response, leading them and others to the conclusion that FLS2 is not able to perceive CLV3 as a signal.
…and how is specificity of plant peptide signaling generated?
Specific functions and interactions of signaling peptides are generated by their regional expression pattern in the plant and their distinct binding properties to their corresponding receptors. Furthermore, the localized expression of the receptors and availability for only some signaling peptides restrict their signaling activity.
How far do peptides travel in the plant?
Long-distance signaling has been shown for several signaling peptides in plants. In legumes, homologues of CLV3 travel from the root to the shoot to regulate nodule number . The energy-consuming formation of nodules has to be strictly regulated. The shoot receives a signal from the root, which is generated upon root nodulation. In Lotus japanicus, HYPERNODULATION ABERRANT ROOT FORMATION1 (HAR1), a CLV1 like receptor kinase, is required in the shoot and binds the CLE-root signal 2 peptide (RS2), which is generated in the root [77, 78]. CLE-RS2 was shown to be transported via the xylem, but the mechanism for how the peptide is loaded into the xylem remains unclear . Transport of CLE2, 3, 4, and 7 via the apoplast is required for expansion of the root system in nitrogen-poor environments .
Are plant peptides relevant for future agriculture?
Analyzing the effect of peptides on plant development can be beneficial for future agriculture. Identification of novel signaling peptides that influence meristem size may help finding mutants which lead to an increased yield. The search for mutant plants that are carrying mutations in the genes for the signaling peptides or their corresponding receptors can be improved by ongoing research in this area. Mutations in the maize orthologue of CLV1 thick tassel dwarf1 (td1) are known to affect female and male inflorescence ear, which ultimately gives rise to seeds . The female inflorescence shows more kernels and the male an increased spikelet density. The maize LRR-RLP FASCIATED EAR3 (FEA3) functions in stem cell control and is repressed by WUS. Je et al. proposed a feedback model where a CLE peptide signal moves from the organ primordia to the shoot apical meristem and is then perceived by FEA3 to regulate meristem size. Additionally, they could also show that weak alleles of fea3 lead to a significant increase in yield in field experiments.
Overall, we have gained information on only a tiny number of peptide-triggered signaling pathways in plants; many hundreds still await analysis, and these peptides may provide us with very precise tools to modify plant architecture and development for crop improvement.
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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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Breiden, M., Simon, R. Q&A: How does peptide signaling direct plant development?. BMC Biol 14, 58 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-016-0280-3
- Shoot Apical Meristem
- Root Meristem
- Soybean Cyst Nematode
- Meristem Size
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Centering points of commonality where scholars and teachers can learn from each other, this episode explores bias through the intersection of three academic disciplines: cognitive psychology, political science, and Black studies. The episode discusses cognitive psychology or heuristics and bias within the context of medicine, specifically “why do doctors make mistakes?” This emphasis on neuroscience is countered with a discussion of structural racism and unconscious social bias, and the actions of people, groups and governments in conflict zones. The presenters discuss the different approaches to bias in their disciplines, the extent to which training is effective in addressing/managing biases, and key lessons learned in navigating biases in their professional lives.
Jonathan Sherbino, BSc MD MEd FRCPC FAcadMEd DRCPSC(CE)
Dr. Sherbino is an emergency physician and trauma team leader in Hamilton, Ontario. He is the Assistant Dean, Health Professions Education Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, and a Professor of Medicine, McMaster University. Jonathan is the past Chair of the Specialty Committee for Emergency Medicine, Royal College of Physicians & Surgeons of Canada.
Jonathan is a medical educator and researcher. He is the co-editor of a physician training framework adopted in more than 50 international jurisdictions. He co-hosts the KeyLIME (Key Literature in Medical Education) podcast with audiences in more than 40 countries and has published more than 175 papers and given numerous plenary and keynote addresses. His research focuses on competency-based medical education and clinical reasoning.
Andrea A. Davis
Andrea A. Davis is Associate Professor in the Department of Humanities at York University, founder and coordinator of the Black Canadian Studies Certificate, and the 2023 Academic Convenor of the Congress of the Humanities & Social Sciences. She is co-editor of The Journal of Canadian Studies, former Special Advisor on the Faculty of Liberal Arts & Professional Studies’ Anti-Black Racism Strategies, and former director of the Centre for Research on Latin America and the Caribbean. Her research and teaching encourage an interdisciplinary, cross-cultural dialogue about Black people’s experiences in diaspora. She is the author of Horizon, Sea, Sound: Caribbean & African Women’s Cultural Critiques of Nation (2022).
Sarah-Myriam Martin-Brûlé is Associate Professor at Bishop’s University, Fellow at the International Peace Institute, consultant at the United Nations (UN). She is the Deputy Director of the Réseau de recherche sur les opérations de paix, and the 2018–2019 Canada Fulbright Research Chair for Peace and War Studies. She is an associate faculty member of the Center for International Peace and Security Studies (CIPSS) and Montreal Center for International Studies (CERIUM). Her research focuses on peace operations and her projects address gender and UN peacekeeping-intelligence. She recently conducted fieldwork in Central African Republic, Mali, Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo, and South Sudan. She co-hosts the podcast “Conseils de sécurité” a co-production of the Canadian Defense and Security Network and the Réseau d’analyse stratégique.
Andrea Davis: I’m Andrea Davis and I’d like to begin this podcast by acknowledging the Indigenous Peoples of all the lands on which we are located. As a member of the York University community, I recognize that many Indigenous Nations have longstanding relationships with the territories upon which York University campuses are located that precede the establishment of York University. York University acknowledges its presence on the traditional territory of many Indigenous Nations. The area known as Tkaronto has been care taken by the Anishinabek Nation, the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, and the Huron-Wendat. It is now home to many First Nation, Inuit and Métis communities. We acknowledge the current treaty holders, the Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation. This territory is subject of the Dish with One Spoon Wampum Belt Covenant, an agreement to peaceably share and care for the Great Lakes region.
Tkaronto’s intersecting communities are comprised of those native to this land, Indigenous peoples from other territories, as well as white settlers and those people who have come here by force, or otherwise as a result of slavery, colonialism, imperialism and ongoing wars. As the descendant of Africans formerly enslaved in the Americas who were taken from their ancestral lands against their will, I am committed to what Tiffany King calls “a notion of mutual care,” and I recognize that a future for Black peoples is not possible without a future for Indigenous peoples by whose leave I live, walk on, and share this land. I acknowledge finally that these Americas are built on violence and erasure and we bring these histories with us when we enter any room, any virtual space, and we must bring them into view. With this knowledge of history, we enter here in the hope of making a different world.
Jonathan Sherbino: Welcome to Shifting Conversations, a 3M podcast. This is an opportunity for us 3M National Teaching Fellows to have conversations about our work or scholarship and to engage with the ideas of peers. Hopefully this conversation is one that will challenge you and your thinking, it’ll encourage and excite you and give you an opportunity to reflect on the theme that we’re going to explore today. The theme we’re talking about is the idea of bias, how to understand and negotiate it. And it’s the way that we approach it the intersection of very three different academic disciplines. In a second, we’re going to introduce each other, but we hope to facilitate a conversation that takes us beyond perhaps how you think of bias, expands your understanding and challenges you in your thinking about how you can implement, understand, and approach the issue of bias in your own professional, academic, and perhaps personal life. But first, let’s have an introduction of our three guests today.
Andrea: I’m Andrea Davis. I am an associate professor at York University, where I teach cultures of the Black Americas.
Sarah-Myriam Martin-Brûlé: I’m Sarah-Myriam Martin-Brûlé, I’m an associate professor at Bishops University and a non-resident Fellow at the International Peace Institute. And I teach on peacekeeping and strategic studies.
Jonathan: I’m Jonathan Sherbino, I’m a professor of medicine. I am an emergency physician and trauma physician in Hamilton, Canada. I’m also the Associate Dean for Health Professions Education Research at McMaster University.
So, I thought we would start our conversation by just positioning where our own scholarship understands and approaches bias. And so, then we can see the three places and find the moments of intersection, find the moments of commonality, find the moments of dissonance, and I think that’s probably a really great point or a great place for us to jump off from. My own research on bias is from the cognitive psychology world. I have a programme of research about why doctors make mistakes. You can imagine why I think that’s important, particularly if you’re a patient. We want to with our group—a number of people I’d probably give shout out to would be Sandra Montero, Matt Sibbald, Geoff Norman, these are collaborators with me in my research team at McMaster—we’ve been pursuing over the last decade through a number of studies, both constructive-based but also objectivist from a controlled trial point of view, “Why do physicians make a mistake?” And, “How do we think about the issue of bias?” In cognitive psychology, the work of Danny Kahneman and Amos Tversky really brought the idea of bias to the forefront. Why does your mind make a decision that might be not just informed by what our rational evidence based approach is? I think the reason is, is because the world is really complex. And the data that we see every day is potentially overwhelming. And so, our brains have developed this idea of a heuristic. And a heuristic would be the mirror image of a bias, or the enantiomer of a bias. A heuristic is essentially a mental shortcut. It works most of the time, by saying, ‘here are the patterns that we see in life.’ And so, in my world, the heuristic is most people who come in with fever, and cough, right now have COVID. But guess what, you can come in with fever and cough and have a pulmonary embolism, a blood clot. And so, if I use the heuristic all time, every time I see someone with a fever and cough, I say that, “you have COVID,” I might miss that one in 10, one in 20 persons who actually comes in with a blood clot to their lungs. The treatment is radically different. And when I make that bias, where I see the patient, only in a general, mental shortcut kind of way that I make a decision in the care of the patient is… is not optimal and sometimes patient harm happens. And so, our whole approach has been trying to understand how to mitigate bias. Original work would suggest that we want clinicians to think smarter, go slower, don’t go so quick, be cautious and weary of your intuition. Don’t trust heuristics. Heuristics will lead you into danger. They will be, they will become the mirror image, which is bias, which is a negative outcome for that patient. And that’s what the standard thinking was. Now our research has, has really confronted that standard research by suggesting maybe just telling physicians to be smarter, think better, will not lead to less use of heuristic and less use, and less incidence of diagnostic error. In fact, that doesn’t happen when we tell physicians go slow, think better. They go slow, but their thinking doesn’t get any better. They still make the same number of mistakes. What we’ve discovered is that experience is everything. The way to mitigate bias from a cognitive psychology point of view in the training of physicians, is in fact to induce better knowledge and better experience. And so, what that means is intuition becomes a function of a greater wealth of patient encounters. I am a better clinician than my junior trainees, not because my mind is smarter. In fact, when I meet them, I’m amazed that I ever got into medical school. They’re highly intelligent, and their backgrounds pre-medicine are really impressive. And their philosophical approaches to life, they could argue me under a table. Their thinking process, their cognition, I think, probably is superior. But I’m a better physician, because I have seen thousands more patients than they have. I have developed a wealth of experience. And so, what that means when I think about bias is the way to mitigate bias is to ensure that we give an adequate sampling of all types of presentations to our trainees, so that they know and have seen, not just COVID, but they’ve seen blood clots. They’ve also seen things such as a pneumothorax, a collapsed lung. You can present with a cough, and breathlessness and you might actually have a collapsed lung. And that’s another unusual thing. So, you need to prevent bias not to tell physicians think smarter, think from the evidence, but in fact to give physicians a wealth of experience, so that they have a wealth of experience that is appropriately labelled, so just don’t let them go out there. They need to be supervised and taught and provided feedback. But give them a wealth of experience so that their database of encounters builds. And when they see the patient in front of them, it’s not simply “Well… statistically, it’s probably COVID, because everybody has COVID right now.” But, “your experience of the patient in front of you reminds me of a patient I saw a couple of months ago…” and that connection is vivid. And so, then I can make a better ultimate diagnosis and decrease mistakes. Now, Andrea, I’m curious to hear about how you think about bias, because I’m approaching it from a cognitive psychology point of view, I’m approaching it from how does your mind process all the evidence in data? And I’m using the word bias in a way that I suspect that you and I are going to say, “Wow, I would have never articulated the idea of bias in the same way.” So, talk to me about your positionality and maybe we can find points where we can learn from each other and when there’s commonalities. Or maybe there is a very different conceptualization of this idea.
Andrea: Yeah, it was really interesting listening to you, Jonathan, and coming from that perspective. I come to bias from an entirely different perspective, because I am, you know, someone who self identifies as Black and I teach in university classrooms where 90%, I would say at least 80% of my student body is racialized. These are the students I’m teaching, I’m mentoring both as undergraduate and graduate students. There are two ways I come to bias. I come to it through my own personal interactions as a Black person moving through the world, as someone who is a descendant of the formerly enslaved in the Americas. So, that I am always negotiating in my own day-to-day activities, that moving through the world, where, where and when, and how I might be encountering bias. And I’m not always sure it’s bias, right. So, I might, you know, in a very simple example, go to the grocery store and want to check out some items, but the person in front of me gets a really warm, wonderful welcome. And when it’s my turn, there’s silence. Or, I could be at a restaurant and so I have to decipher if the service I’m getting is because this person is tired and having a really bad day, or does it have to do with me, with what I am presenting and how they’re responding to me. So, for me, what I’m trying to say is that bias is lived. Not bias, but my embodied and my lived experiences demand that I… In some ways I stand on the other side of bias. I often see myself as the recipient, rather than the person giving and demonstrating. Not that I don’t have bias, but my experiences tend to encourage that kind of, you know, that kind of separation. So as a scholar, and someone who is teaching from the humanities, not in something understood as anti-Black racism, I don’t teach anti-Black racism. I sit with the work of authors. I look at philosophical thought. I look at poetry, and I use those things to unpack relationships, to unpack understandings of the human, and to understand power relationships. So, it’s out of those kinds of texts and those discourses and discussions that I invite students to place and understand their own lived experiences to see how they can decipher and respond to the multiple perceptions or things that they are receiving on a daily, on a daily basis. So, for my students, it’s walking into that hospital and not being sure how they will be received, how their own cultural differences might create a kind of bias in the, in the care that they receive, the assumptions that might be made about them. Right. So, I guess that’s, that’s a really interesting difference, I think between between maybe the three of us.
Jonathan: You know, as I reflect on what you’re saying, I see some contrast. And I see some commonalities. Maybe the first contrast is my research is academic in nature. I can walk away from my lab, knowing that my research assistants are compiling data, or the stats are there to be run on Monday. And it seems to me that you’re living the experience of bias and racism in both your scholarship, but in your daily life. And I think I just look at the weight of what that must feel like for you and your students. And, you know, that fills me with a great deal of respect for the strength that you have, but also sadness for that’s what our structures look like. I think the one maybe point of commonality is, I’m trying to give my patients experience, or my students experience with a multitude of patients to build up a richer understanding of the nuance of what the individual symptom presentation looks like. And if I stretch that analogy, hopefully not too far I wonder if in part, but not in total, some of that encounters that you have, your encounter in a restaurant or at a grocery store, whether the barriers of racism can slowly be welded down as people see past the superficial nature of the individual in front of them and understand the see who that real person is. But of course, that does nothing to issues of structural racism. So, the solutions I have from my own programme of research about approaching encounter doesn’t speak to the structural issues that are positioned against people of colour, that is not a function of just encountering more, but there are structural and systematic elements that have to be programmatically, systematically, bureaucratically, administratively addressed. So yeah, so it’s interesting, we use the same word and we land in different places, although the edges kind of touch. Sarah-Myriam, I’d love to hear about your programme of scholarship and how you think of bias.
Sarah-Myriam: I want to follow up on one or something you mentioned about who the real person is and I think this is, this is actually key. Because who knows and it depends as well on the context, right? I think biases are very dynamic. So, in my own field of work, I am blonde, I am white, I’m Canadian, and I work mostly on Sub-Saharan Africa and on civil wars and intrastate wars, et cetera. So, for me, the biases when I’m in those contexts is that who am I as a white blonde, Canadian who’s alien to a reality of war and grievance to call myself, I’m not necessarily calling myself that expert, in conflict in contexts that are so different from, from my own reality. And there’s a first bias of who am I to be working on those issues, and what legitimacy I have. And I guess this, this points to all types of biases that we can have. And in the way, of course, we teach the material that we’re teaching, and in the way we approach the topics, and also our own biases towards the classroom and also towards our colleagues. I think in the classroom, the way to teach conflict-… for example, I’m a professor at Bishops University in the Eastern Townships and most of the students are also quite alien to realities of wars, although not all of them. So, one of the one of the big challenges is how to teach those complex issues with students that have lived those realities and to those that for whom it’s a reality that is very far away and also addressing their own biases in in conveying this material. Biases will be related to also the types of students we are. I think COVID also highlighted different challenges of different students. So, for example, if we have students that are mostly in their early 20s, or if we have older students, we will be teaching differently as well. If students have a first language as a francophone, or if they’re anglophone, there will be a different approach as well to different realities. But also, that’s in teaching or convening material. But when we are interacting with our colleagues as well, we can have biases towards colleagues. So, for example, those who work at the UN HQ in New York will have different perspectives than those who work within the missions. Those who are locals, nationals, that see the interventions of foreigners in their own country will have also a different perspective on and maybe doubting, to what extent others coming in their own context can really grasp the nuances of their own reality. The employment statuses of people with whom we’re working will also create biases and will texture and colour the way we interact with them. So for example, in our own work we have different ranks of professors that might count sometimes in our interactions, but also in other fields. So, for example, if we’re interacting with managers with the consultant with those who have permanent jobs, or local staff will have different types of interactions, depending on their ranks. Also on their status versus if they are civilian police or military. Different biases will come into play. And of course, the gender aspect. If they’re men, women, or if they identify with other with other identities as well. So, I think the way it’s important again, to embrace the fact that that biases exists, but they are also very context dependent. And again, they will be dynamic. So, coming back to your question who the person really is will really depend on in which context we understand the work of that person. And those different facets of realities of who we are. And those different facets of our identity will play differently in different contexts. So, the fact that I have a PhD will give me credibility in an academic setting. The fact that I have a PhD, will be looked differently upon with people working in UN missions thinking I might be overthinking things. So, the fact that the academic versus the practitioners will always fear that I will theorise about the field instead of really trying to grasp what are their daily challenges. The fact that I am, for example, a consultant at the UN will be not seen very well, for example, working in UN missions, especially if I’m sent to the mission by the headquarters. Because I will look as I if I am someone or as someone who is outside of the system. So that will play differently. And I could go on with the fact that I am a civilian. So that will create sometimes a bias if I’m interacting with the military or the police. So again, I think I’m pointing to their own facets of our identity. And that plays not only in the way we teach but also in the way we work and that we understand the reality we’re addressing in our research and in the classroom.
John: Sarah-Miryam, the first reflection I have, as I hear both of you talk is, you’re dealing with international conflict and peacekeeping and Andrea you’re dealing with anti-racism and structural bias. I feel I should stop talking because the problems you guys are tackling are so interesting and so key and critical. I’m just trying to teach medical students the difference between pneumonia and COVID. It seems the scale is different. One of the commonalities I thought about with your work, Sarah-Myriam, is this idea of context. Context is so important when we think about bias. And when we think about the mental shortcuts we’d like to take. You talked about how you might interpret or how your students might interpret from their own background assumptions. And how when they are doing analysis based on socioeconomic status, or cultural commonalities in certain regions, or just their own position and experience, how that context will influence and perhaps colour how they see and interpret and analyse. We have a similar challenge around context in the teaching of diagnostic reasoning or why doctors make mistakes. Historically, our education systems are full of all of these contextual non-sequiturs. And so, the person who has a heart attack is an older man. And it goes, it’s chest pain that goes into his left arm. And I’ll tell you that statistically, that’s the most uncommon type of presentation for a heart attack. In fact, when we look at data sets, there’s probably 50 to 60 types of common archetypes of how chest pain can present. What does that mean? It means that when women present with chest pain, or who are presenting with a heart attack, it’s not uncommon for their heart attack to be misrepresented or late to be diagnosed or missed altogether. And then the language as well, women present atypically. Well, they don’t present atypically at all. They present with chest pain, just like everybody else presents with chest pain. It’s that our educational structures have said the ‘typical,’ (and here I’m doing air quotes for the podcast, which you can’t see. So, you should know that I’m air quoting) the ‘typical,’ presentation is very contextual. And it’s contextual, probably from history, Andrea, that you would recognise as being very male centric in very one dominant culture and not representing what the broad type of presentation of heart attack looks like. And so, you know, Sarah-Myriam, when I hear about your work about context, I hear all the things that we need to unpack as we teach medical students how to approach patients, that context is everything. In that the unconscious biases that have been just incorporated, but this is what a heart attack looks like. Or this is what COVID looks like, fails to realise there is a whole spectrum of presentations, and all of them are really important to the patient in front of you. Because, if you are not a man, and you come in with chest pain, you really want your heart attack to be diagnosed. And we need to make sure that we think about the context and that unconscious assumption that underlies some of the actions and decisions and the way we see and perceive the world. So, Andrea, you’re gonna lead us through the next kind of theme that we’re gonna approach? What do you have for us?
Andrea: Yes, so I thought we could transition to talking about whether or not bias is always negative. Is it something to be countered or corrected? Can bias be neutral? So, I don’t know Jonathan or Sarah-Myriam, if you want to start?
Sarah-Myriam: I can start very briefly saying that I don’t think biases are negative. Actually, I think we need to embrace biases. It’s important to recognise and they exist, and they are inevitable. And so therefore, by definition, they are not neutral. And I think that’s why we create training to actually address the unknown unknown, right? Because of this inevitability of biases, that’s why training is necessary again to unveil, but that comes more from my own field of work that we’re always trying to unveil the unknown unknown. But biases are part of that. Most of us don’t know how, to what extent we’re biased. We’re all biased, but we don’t always realise all of our biases. And I think it’s, and they’re not negative, necessarily. They are part of who we are, our reality and our biases. Also, we evolve and they change. The biases we had when we were 19 are different than now that we are all 25. I mean, of course, with our with our lives biases will morph and transform but they will always stay there. And again, I think it’s important to recognise that and that they won’t always be on the same targets, on the same topics and they will manifest the same way either.
Andrea: Sarah-Myriam, what do you mean when you say that we need to embrace our bias? I mean, what would that look like? Because again, for me, right? I’m thinking about bias, like I said before, as receiving right as, as the person, a member of the group that’s often-receiving bias. So, what does it mean for the person on the other side to embrace their bias? You know, that part is a little bit confusing for me.
Sarah-Myriam: I think I wouldn’t use the same image of sides with regards to biases in the sense that we’re all subject to biases, but with different consequences, obviously. Right? Depending on the type of biases, sometimes biases can lead to violent encounters. And what you described at the beginning that doubt of whether someone is polite to you or not, or rough, is it linked to an appearance, is it linked to a bias? So, the consequences of biases can vary, of course, but we all have biases ourselves. And we are all subject to biases. And again, as a white francophone Canadian, going to many African contexts, there are certainly a lot of biases towards my appearance, for example, or who I am. Now, my appearance might play as a bias in the context of in African region, in which I’m a minority. I’m a visible minority being blonde and white, but other times it’s I’m going to be, biases will be against me because I’m an academic, or other times it will be because I’m a civilian. So that will change. And what I mean by embracing it is that it’s inevitable. We are part of the reality we are researching. Just like when we teach in the classroom, there’s as we know, there is no objective teaching. Every time we teach, even when we present a theory, the fact that we choose some theory to teach and not others, we are not neutral, we’re not objective. We are always subjective. And we’re all part of a biased realities in the choices we make, in the way we phrase, in the actions we take, in who we put in our syllabus. So, embracing it is to be aware that we are biased and we act accordingly. And of course, to always strive to address those biases and to be conscious of those.
Andrea: Yeah, so to embrace bias then is a call to self-reflection and self-reflexivity. I think many of us respond to accusations or the feeling that the idea that we ourselves might be biased by falling back on a kind of cognitive dissonance that says, “Oh, I’m a good person. I like everyone. I am fair. Of course, this doesn’t apply to me.” Rather than stopping, pausing and saying, “Okay, we all have biases. What is, how am I projecting that? Or how might something that I’m saying, the way in which I’m acting is being interpreted and read by someone else.’ And then it’s kind of what Jonathan said, it’s slowing down. But it’s slowing down with a kind of deliberateness and carefulness and thoughtfulness that is, is meant to both understand, I guess, right, the context and then to move toward changing it. And that’s difficult though. That’s really, really difficult. Jonathan, what are you what are your thoughts?
Jonathan: My first thought is, I’m so happy that Sarah-Myriam volunteered to go first to give me a chance to collect my thinking. The word bias, I think socially has a negative valence. And so, it’s hard to see it in a positive way. But the phenomenon just as Sarah-Myriam articulates is a true phenomenon. The mirror image of bias is heuristic. And in the absence of heuristic, none of us would function in the real world. We need mental shortcuts to allow us to process the overwhelming amount of data that hits our sensory registry. Our eyes or ears, touch, taste, if we had to process each in a conscious way, each piece of data, we would be paralysed, we’d never get out of bed. And in fact, we know that physicians who are most accurate who make the least errors have a higher non-analytical or intuition type of approach to diagnosis. And they build that off of the acquisition of years of experience that informs and helps fine tune what that non analytical, that unconscious approach to diagnostic reasoning looks like. So, heuristics, I think are helpful and it makes sense. But bias is when those heuristics fall apart and lead us into error. I think there’s a third way that I think we should really call out it’s the idea of I’m going to be completely objective. And I think both of you are hitting that. And I’ve heard this at times, people saying, I have a view from nowhere, I don’t have any opinion and the people who say that had the least degree of reflection. Because what they are failing to understand is that we all are conditioned. We all come from experience. We all have contexts that have shaped how we approach and see the world. And so, when people say, “Oh, no, I don’t have any opinion, I see the world completely as it is black and white,” that’s the scariest type of phenomenon for me. Because it says to me, ‘this student doesn’t even have enough insight to know that they need to be thoughtful about what does their database of experience look like?’ Where are their gaps? What kind of experiences do they need to have.’ When they say, I will see everybody who shows up with fever and cough and evaluate them equally, because I don’t have any bias, it tells me that they don’t understand the impact of socioeconomic status and access to primary care or whether the patient is a recent refugee and comes with a different geographical exposure to infectious disease. Or whether they have lifestyle modifications, or how the presentation and symptom complex varies across race and gender for various types of clinical conditions based on your genetic manifestation. So, I really get worried about people who say, “I don’t have any bias, I’m completely objective.” I think just as you articulated Sarah-Myriam, and as you kind of built on Andrea, bias, that negative valence should force the conversation around self-reflection, and say, okay, what do I assume? Let’s put that on the table and be clear so that I can know where my starting position is, and how I can course correct to a more balanced perspective in whatever kind of conversation as a learner, as a teacher, as a citizen of society, in understanding how we need to move forward.
Andrea: Yes, absolutely. So, everyone has bias, right? Bias comes from our histories, our understanding of the world. So as a teacher and researcher, for example, I have a humanities bias that might not have enormous consequences, but it is a bias. So, bias has to be understood in relation to the particular contexts or situations that we find ourselves in. We have to admit them and be aware of how they might influence power relationships. So, if I am, you know, serving on a hiring committee for a new colleague, for example, I’m going to bring what I know to bear on the reading of a CV, right, on that hiring committee. I think what we’re agreeing is that what we do with a bias is most important and that we’re transparent and self-reflexive, understanding that we bring our own knowledges, our own perceptions, our own views of the world to bear on all situations. Nobody can ever be neutral, right? We can’t suspend what we know. So, we have to acknowledge them. We can only in fact, counter or correct our biases, when we’re self-reflexive about them, and when we admit them. All right, thank you for that. Sarah-Myriam, do you want to take us somewhere else?
Sarah-Myriam: Well, in the continuity of that, I would be interested in knowing how do you train your students? Or how do you do it? Or how is training effective in unveiling biases or addressing biases in general? So, Jonathan, Andrea.
Jonathan: I guess I can take this question a number of ways. I’m gonna try not to take all the airtime. When I think about clinical bias… so there’s two pieces, I think. One around clinical bias about your assumptions around a diagnosis. We try to teach that there’s a whole spectrum with symptoms with an associated number of diagnoses that happen with them. Feeling short of breath can be a function of how your lungs are working, how your heart is working, how your blood is working and the treatment for those, the kind of approximations are very different. And so the meta theme is we’re always trying to pull back all the information underneath and more importantly, expose our trainees to real life examples. Because even when we tried to put together a written case, in reducing down the patient, that complex, messy individual, and making it a written case of several 100 words, you’ve lost a whole bunch of extraneous stuff. And so, it’s no longer an authentic thing. And so, the ideal place for our trainees to counter the richness of various presentations is real patients in the clinical environment. And that’s one part of bias. I think that the counterpart of bias that we want to think about more specifically, is the assumptions about manifestation of health and socio-economic status in our trainings. And so, we’re always thinking about that. And so, this is not a question specifically to my own programme of research around why do doctors make mistakes, but it’s inherently linked. You can’t hear about how access to cardiac care in the U.S. is dramatically different if you’re a person of colour. It’s really obvious data. If you are a person of colour, if you’re a Black American and you show up into a hospital, your outcome is going to be worse. And you can strip away all the other socio-economic markers and the geographical whatnot. That’s what the data looks like. And so simultaneously beyond my own programme of research, we also have to think about these issues of how do we manifest and think about bias. One of the common tests that is in the medical education literature is the Harvard implicit association test. It’s a test that helps unpack people’s assumptions just looking at the physical manifestation of different faces. You look at faces, you make assumptions about who’s dangerous, who’s safe, who’s angry, who’s happy, and whatnot. And at the end, it says, based on your gender, your race, there are assumptions that happened there. The medical education literature is pretty mixed on the effectiveness of that, in terms of its effectiveness to change performance after taking the test when you measure it by, you know, if you keep repeating it, how does your performance change? It doesn’t seem to happen. And I think that’s because that literature is very simplistic and very superficial. I’m gonna name drop a colleague of mine in the U.S. Javeed Sukhera, who is an anti-racism scholar in medical education. He is, I think he’s a real world leader, and so if a listener wants to go Google search somebody who will say things smarter and better, about then, I’d turn them to Javeed. He’s a friend, I think he does some amazing stuff, his take on the Harvard IOT, so the implicit association test, is that it is an excellent conversation starter, that we should not look at simple metrics of you take the test, does your performance change after you take it a couple times, but rather, take the test, and then engage in facilitated conversation, seminar work and unpacking and conversations about who we are, where we come from, how we imagine things happening, that whole portion of self-reflection that we just talked about, but guided self-reflection. And when you use those types of teaching materials, then you can see actual transformation in the ways that students and faculty will articulate, perceive and speak of the assumptions they have about the patient in front of them. It makes a lot of sense for me, because I work in an inner city, urban emergency department. And so, our population is the diaspora of Canada. And, we’ve done studies that the patient population that comes to my hospital has a difference in life expectancy of about 20 years when you move 10km to the north of my hospital. And so, when you move out of a postal one postal code to the next postal code, that’s a 10km drive, your life expectancy changes by two decades. And that’s a function of socio-economic status in the mix of patients there. And that’s, you know, that’s a bike ride, I can bike to work. And so, we need to have those conversations specifically with my trainees, because they are encountering a spectrum of the diaspora of Canadians. If they’re not attentive to what do the assumptions they begin with, then they’re going to miss the diagnosis and their patients are not getting the care they need.
Andrea: I have to say that I am a bit sceptical about training, too, because people often, you know, think that they’re checking off a box. So let me go to a workshop. Let me do this. Let me put it on my resume. Let me say, you know, say that I have done this and bias magically disappears. There has been so much discussion about structural racism. And it’s linked to cognitive and unconscious bias in the last two years, right, after the police murder of George Floyd. And universities and businesses have been rushing to implement change to try to fall on the right side of history. I remember in the first months of COVID, and those, you know, protests, anti-racism protests that erupted everywhere, being shocked at seeing, you know, these people who have significant power, like the Prime Minister, like the police, kneeling in solidarity with Black people as a kind of public acknowledgement of their unconscious bias and desire to change. But my worry is that a lot of that can be performative. Right? So, there’s been a lot of discussion about the lack of representation of Indigenous and Black faculty in universities, as well as in senior leadership positions in Canadian universities, the low numbers of Black students in STEM and really everywhere in the university, the low numbers of Black employees in upper management positions and how one corrects this, right. This has been a huge part of the kind of anti-racism debates and activities of the last two years, and the first place that universities and corporations tend to go in trying to correct this structural racism is to implement or mandate unconscious bias training. And while I certainly think that this is a good start, there’s also a tendency, right, for this to be merely performative. And to be honest, sometimes I worry that having revealed, so this is kind of going back a little bit to what we talked about before, but having revealed people’s biases, is there a chance that we might actually be giving them the language to further entrench and maybe conceal those biases? So, I’m thinking, for example, again, of being on a search committee or a hiring committee, you know, you can hide your affinity bias by avoiding any reference to culture fit. You’re actually told in unconscious bias training not to use that word, culture fit. Right? “This person is a good fit.” So, you can hide your affinity bias by avoiding that kind of reference in your rationale, and by basing your arguments solely on evidence, right, the evidence in the CVs or the evidence in the resumes as the rationale you’re using to make your decision. But this approach can also lean into your confirmation bias that a white candidate is always already more qualified than a Black or Indigenous candidate. So that you are unable to read the CV in a way that takes into account how structural racism may have affected the very differences among the CVs or resumes we’re looking at. So, I think in some ways, we need to perhaps challenge the idea that bias is unconscious and do what we said earlier, which is, all of us need to be open and admit this is my bias, right? This is my bias in this case. These are the biases I am dealing with. Let’s just be transparent and open about them rather than pretending that somehow you know, they’re unconscious and I’m trying to negotiate that kind of relationship. In those cases, those, you know that bias has real, real consequence. So, my own thing is just, I’m not saying that there is no process towards change, but that you can’t do one workshop. You certainly can’t do one workshop and overcome your bias. It’s a perpetual, ongoing learning and unlearning. And if we admit that all of us have bias, then we admit that all of us have work to do continually.
Jonathan: If I could just amplify what you said, I would say, as an education researcher, one workshop doesn’t change anybody’s thinking about anything in whatever you’re teaching. But certainly, when you have some something so deeply ingrained, such as racism in our sociological biases, then it’s a fool’s errand to imagine that one I-80 or one workshop completion is going to do anything.
Sarah-Myriam: Yeah, I think I think it’s important in training to address the normative hammering that happens often by repeating norms and norms as if it’s going to be absorbed by the participants, and all of a sudden, they will apply it in their daily life that that normative hammering doesn’t necessarily change practices. But I still think that training is good. To highlight, notably that what can be counted is not the only thing that counts, so that we need to take into account intangible factors in what we see and don’t see. And also, to refer back to the assumption of the real manifestations or what are real manifestations? And for example, in my own work, I work on peacekeeping, intelligence and on gender. And one of the big challenges in in addressing issues of gender in a conflict setting is that often there’s a conflation between conflict related sexual violence and the question of women in conflicts and gender being conflated with a question of women as if gender was only about women. First thing. And the second thing that women are recipients of security, that women are victims or threatened to be sexually assaulted all the time. The problem with that is that, of course, if we don’t address that bias is that we don’t see how women are active agents in conflict as well and active combatants as well. And again, that women can be both victims and active combatants. So, in that setting, training are important to show different scenarios, different setups and come back with a spectrum of anecdotes that can actually help the participants of those training realise different roles that different actors can have in conflict. So, one of the recent examples I had was in one country there would be attacks along the road, and it took the analysts several days to realise who were perpetrating the attacks, and how they got the knowledge of where to attack. And the reason is that the analysts were looking out for reconnaissance units that they had pre identified as necessarily, boys between 18 and 25, on motorcycles probably working as recon units. They completely oversaw the fact that for a few weeks, there were a new group of older women with baskets and with fishes and wood that would go from one village to another to sell their merchandise every Saturday. But they didn’t notice that group of older women. Because of course, their biases was that it would only be young boys working as recon units. But when they finally realised that these older women were the recon units, then they were able to identify their route, and they were able to prevent the attacks. But I mean, this is one of the examples that we have in which, because of biases, we don’t realise, we don’t see the reality in front of us, because we’re biased against who are, for example, who are the relevant actors. In my own field of work, this is always a starting point, who are the relevant actors, and often women are not part of those relevant actors. And I think training on how to think about who is relevant in which context and in which capacity can actually help. So that’s a different take of training, of course. It’s not anti-bias training. And just one training doesn’t necessarily change daily practices. But it certainly can expose to different manifestations of realities to which participants or analysts in this example have never been exposed to. Help them, again, unveil this unknown unknown, looking at what are your preconceptions of who is relevant and who is not. And who do you don’t see who is invisible, who is invisible. And that’s, that’s important, and that can be conveyed through training.
Jonathan: So, our time is, is rapidly coming to an end. I have a lot more things I want to talk to both of you about, which means I think we’ll probably need to book an episode two and continue this conversation. But if you’re listening to this in the car, maybe your commute is over. Or if you’re running, then you’re definitely tired, and you need a break. So, we’re going to, we’re going to wrap up now with an opportunity for each of us to close with a take home point or an idea around our own scholarship, and our own academic positionality around bias that we really want to emphasize or that we haven’t fully covered in round one of our discussion. So, Andrea, to you.
Andrea: Yeah, thank you so much, Jonathan. I’d like to talk very briefly about how I integrate my understanding of bias in my in my teaching, because teaching is such a big part of what I do. And, you know, I am teaching classrooms that are largely racialized, but those classrooms are not homogenous spaces, right? Even students who self-identify as Black are coming from different geographies, different class positions. They’re continental African; their first languages might be French and not English. Their religious perspectives are different. They might be gay, transgender, two spirit, and so on. So, I’m dealing with students across a multitude of differences. And two of the scholars that I rely on a lot in my teaching, in particular of my large first year course, are the feminists, Audre Lorde and bell hooks, both of whom we have lost but who remain such a deep part of of my own teaching practice. And from Audre Lorde, I draw on an idea of the mythical norm, that a mythical norm circulates in each of our societies. In North America, that mythical norm is white, male, young, financially secure, Christian, able bodied, heterosexual, and so on. Very, very, very few of us identify, can identify fully with that mythical norm. Yet it operates and has power and the more boxes we can select in that category, then the more power we kind of normatively occupy. On the other side of that is learning how to respond, or how to deal with each other across our differences. So, for Audre Lorde, she’s you know, there are three ways in which we deal with difference. If we are the person who enjoys power, we often respond to difference by trying to eliminate it, right, to get rid of it altogether, so that our power remains entrenched. If we’re coming from the position of, you know, the person who has no power, the person who is marginalised, we might respond to our own difference by rejecting it, right, what is perceived as our own weaknesses by rejecting them and elevating that normative, that mythical norm that we see circulating in our societies. What we haven’t learned to do well, Audre Lorde says, is how to relate to each other as equals across our differences. And that is something that I come back to over and over again, in my teaching, right? This idea of how to live in relationality, in reciprocity, understanding that we need each other and that difference is a good thing. It’s not a bad thing. And how do we then learn to relate to each other across our differences? bell hooks also for me has this wonderful definition of stereotype in which she identifies a stereotype as a myth and a fantasy that’s acting as though it’s real. But at its core, it’s actually a myth and fantasy that allows us to confirm and entrench our biases, right? So as long as I insist on believing that you can only be this way, right, Sarah-Myriam, because you are a woman and you are white and you are blond, then there’s no way for me to really know you, right, to take the steps that make, you know, real knowing possible. But the minute I’m willing to do that, the minute I’m willing to take those steps, then the stereotypes disappear and your humanity emerges, right. So that’s what we’re trying to reach towards, make that humanity emerge. So, in my teaching practice, I’m trying to create brave spaces of learning, that are not always going to feel safe because I’m asking students to take a step outside of their own way of looking at the world and to step into somebody else’s space. And that sometimes feels uncomfortable. But what I want is to make deep self-reflection possible so that, as learners we’re constantly challenging our preconceived knowledge bases, understanding our individual points of privilege, and learning to see things from multiple perspectives. So, making space for the telling of different stories and valuing each other as equals across our differences. So that’s what I’m really trying to do.
Jonathan: Thanks for that to Andrea. One, I want to take one of your classes, but what I really am probably going to do is I’m going to steal, well, I’m going to give with attribution, I’m going to take with attribution, some of these ideas and think about how I can incorporate it into my own teaching. Sarah-Myriam, any final thoughts or take-home points you’d like to share?
Sarah-Myriam: Thank you so much, Andrea, for that. And indeed, we should have that talk at the beginning of the class and at the end of the class as well to have those reflections on ongoing and fresh in our mind all the time. And in a sense to take-away points for me and what I’m trying to teach my students but also myself all the time is to remind myself, ourself, that we are a disturbance, actually. And my advice to students and again to myself as well is to always be mindful that we are a disturbance, that I am a disturbance, that they are a disturbance. Because complex environments are not only complex in terms of security and safety. There are also a complex of interval and interactions, interest and stakes. And anywhere we go, it’s important to be mindful that we are noticed for different reasons, and that we’re not always welcome. And we are an interference to something, somewhere, for someone. And that’s important to acknowledge. And there’s the fact that we must acknowledge that no matter how often how much one has travelled, how much we know in environments, environments are always dynamics. And we all always operate in somewhat blindly. So sometimes an environment that we are very familiar with in one context might be quite different in another. In my own work, for example, if I’m very familiar with a conflict situation in Mali in 2017, obviously it will be quite a different situation in 2022. But all of that to say that the manifestations of our biases will again evolve and change and it’s important to remain humble and be mindful that we are part of a system and that each of our actions have consequences on others. So, humility is always the best posture to have and to hold on to when we’re teaching, when we’re travelling, of course, and when we’re researching as well to acknowledge that we don’t see, and certainly that we don’t understand everything. And as in any environment, there are many veils, and we must remain conscious of that as well. Staying humble is obviously something that we need to remind ourselves, but also remind ourselves that we usually don’t get it. And that understanding takes time. That understanding is also complex. And time needs to be factored in understanding and reflecting back. And it’s also a dynamic, so debriefing, exploring different narratives, seeking feedback, staying humble, always taking for granted that we didn’t get it. It’s something to be reminded of all the time. And again, coming back to what made you take a bit, but embracing biases in the sense of acknowledging them, that we have biases, and that we are also subject to biases, and that all factors in our teaching or research and our interactions in general.
Andrea: If I could just jump in really quickly, because I so love that idea of humility, to also add that I think that we also need to extend grace. I think we live in a period where there is so much anger that it’s very easy to just be so focused on, you know, people’s actions and what they have done, and not give them space to grow and change. And so, I think we also need to allow that possibility for growth and change in in others as well.
Jonathan: If I was going to try to find a common thread through all the different themes and all the different conversations we’ve talked about, it seems to me there’s a thread of curiosity in all of our different positionalities. We’re seeking to understand more and to be able to interpret and process and to share that. And with apologies to a political scientist and a humanities prof, this is Shifting Conversations, and my final take home point is around artificial intelligence. And I know it seems like it’s a big left turn from our conversations before, we’re starting to use in artificial intelligence in some of our programmes of research, but why doctors make mistakes. To see if we can improve diagnostic accuracy. And yes, not surprisingly, when we use artificial intelligence, we improve the accuracy of physicians. But it’s not in the way that you might imagine. It’s not that the machines are going to be our overlords and run us. But it becomes a decision support system for the human. And it allows better retrieval of past experience. It allows perhaps triggering of some difficult to access prior knowledge. And that’s how we are seeing some of the work around that. But the piece around artificial intelligence, which I think is important for us to bring out is artificial intelligence is really own is dependent on the quality of the database. And so, we know health systems databases are inherently biased in how categorizations are made, in what gets in. And so artificial intelligence systems, by nature, even though they have no context, they just follow mathematical algorithms can be biased. Now, that might be really concerning to us if we let the machines start being predicted to us and start reinforcing the fact that the only way a heart attack ever presents is it a man who is middle-aged, grey haired and has left arm pain. And I just told you, that’s the one the most uncommon way for heart attack to present. But we can cure it, we can query our databases and ask our artificial intelligence to say what’s unknown in your systems. And so, it can reveal the fact that we are not attending to the multiplicity of the patient presentations we have. It can show us the gaps in the database that exists. And so, we need to be thoughtful as we as we move forward, at least in Health Sciences and Health Services, not to imagine that our technology will come from a view of nowhere. The technology comes with the views that are inputted by the humans that have provided the data. And so, it brings us full circle right back to the beginning of our conversation about bias or heuristics are the way we function and programme in our technology has that echo of who we are as people. We need to be thoughtful. We need to be reflective of ourselves and also of our technology to ensure that we unpack, and we think, and we challenge the assumptions even though it’s the computer that’s giving us this supposedly objective type of answer. I’m going to wrap us up, and we’re grateful to all of you who have continued to the end of this episode. And if you’re excited by this episode, then we’d love to hear from you. You can find how to reach us in the show notes. And we would love to probably record an episode two. We’d probably have a conversation regardless of anybody wants to hear episode two because I found it to be really engaging and thought provoking and I’ve learned far more than I’ve shared. And so, thank you to both of you for joining and thank you to 3M for making this podcast Shifting Conversations possible and available and we hope it helps continue the conversations that you’re having. Take care.
Andrew: Shifting Conversations was created by the Society for Teaching and Learning in Higher Education 2021 cohort of the 3M National Teaching Fellows with the expert guidance of Judy Bornais and Srinivas Sampalli. This project was made possible by the Society for Teaching and Learning in Higher Education with the generous support of 3M Canada. Special thanks to the team at STHLE, in particular Jay Adamson, Natalie Smith, Tanya Botterill and Debbie Brady. Project management and technical support from Craig Fraser. Social media support by Aysha Campbell, additional support from Meghan Tibbs. Original music composed by Hope Salmonson and performed by Ventus Machina. You can find more information on our website www.sthle.ca/podcasts. | <urn:uuid:800686cd-6d45-4684-986b-2664f98c7a4e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.stlhe.ca/podcasts/discussing-bias-andrea-jonathan-sarah-myriam/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.961503 | 13,268 | 1.734375 | 2 |
DDP is a therapy family therapy focussed on building parent/carer skills in attunement and helping children increase the security of their attachment to their parent/carer thus increasing trust and safety. The intervention can be for ‘parents only’ focussed on helping parents/carers develop understanding of the child’s difficulties in the context of their traumatic past. Alternatively, it may be for ‘parent and child’ together involving the therapist leading reciprocal interactive exchanges that help the child make sense of their experiences and develop a coherent narrative, thus increasing self-worth, confidence and self-esteem.
A DDP intervention usually consists of about 20 x 2 hour sessions with initial sessions focussed on assessment, consultation and psycho-education with parents. Following this, the sessions and intervention will be tailored flexibly around the needs of the family involving a mix of parent only and child and parent sessions. | <urn:uuid:6804ebac-61a2-49ac-a1da-da0dc62cd042> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://walking-together.org.uk/ddp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.94258 | 185 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Sailboat At Le Petit Gennevilliers in 1874
Claude Oscar Monet painted Sailboat At Le Petit Gennevilliers in 1874, the same year he signed up with other modern artists to collaborate in the area of Paris.
Along with Edouard Manet, Camille Pissarro, Alfred Sisley, and Pierre Auguste Renoir, the artists arranged exhibitions that went against the academy, as their job was typically not well obtained by the official Hair salon of Paris. As an Impressionist, Monet– along with other artists that worked along with him– valued working en plein air, suggesting they painted outdoors to catch the natural light of the landscape, producing a non-idealized scene.
Gennervilliers is located in the residential areas of Paris, not far from the center of the city, and also was a spot several artists of the moment delighted in depicting. The sailboats, a modern style of transport, and the sunshine on the flickering water were ideal concepts for the Impressionists to paint.
In Sailing Boat At Le Petit Gennevilliers, Monet flawlessly caught the calm evening with a stunning shade combination and also loose brush strokes. He portrayed a sailboat, slightly to the right of the canvas– practically centered. The watercraft protests the light, so it remains in the shade, painted with blue-gray, and also the sail itself has a hint of magenta.
The water is tranquil and also reflects the sailing boat, together with the other watercraft and plant life on the left side coast. It likewise reflects orange and also red from the skies, as the sun seems to conceal behind the grand sail. The plants are black and green, contrasting with the red-orange houses distant. The perspective is dark blue as well as painted in an easy way.
Although the sailing boat is the main figure of this painting, the skies are an actual attention stealer. The base shade is an opaque grey, making the minority colors he used on it pop a lot more. Broad strokes of blue were utilized in the horizon, along with smaller-sized quantities of orange. In the middle of the sky, spread clouds of yellow, white, and dark blue produce an impression of the impacts the sunshine has upon them.
A single moment in time caught for an endless time in this stunning seascape oil-painting. | <urn:uuid:7a95fc68-8880-46ed-9d4d-770da7bbef91> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gallerylafayette.com/product/sailboat-at-le-petit-gennevilliers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.957751 | 494 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Apple’s announcement of Mountain Lion breaks with the past in a few ways including by announcing with out a major Apple event. One of the other changes is the news the Apple is moving OS X to a yearly release cycle like iOS. That may be a great way to introduce new features for consumers, but it’s likely to create problems for organizations that have a large number of Macs.
Schools and colleges are still among the organizations that have large Mac populations and have always been a key market for Apple. A yearly release schedule stands to impact them more than any other type of organization and that impact isn’t likely to be a positive one. | <urn:uuid:5a9bb3f0-8724-4d9a-803e-c1a2d593928f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cultofmac.com/tag/schools/page/3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00013-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968537 | 135 | 1.539063 | 2 |
students must earn scores of 3 or higher in AP Seminar to receive capstone diploma
ABOVE VIDEO: Srimayi Tenali, a junior at West Shore Junior/Senior High School in Melbourne, Florida explains how AP Capstone allows students to choose their own topics of research and how the course taught her to write papers that are concise and effective. (Advanced Placement video)
BREVARD COUNTY • MELBOURNE, FLORIDA – West Shore Jr./Sr. High School is celebrating 43 students from the class of 2021 who have earned the AP Capstone Diploma. The AP Capstone Diploma program helps students to develop critical thinking, research, collaboration, and presentation skills that are critical to academic success.
“We proudly recognize the achievements of students who participated in the AP Capstone Diploma program,” said Rick Fleming, West Shore principal.
“Our AP Capstone students and teachers showed extraordinary commitment while facing historic challenges. This is a meaningful college readiness program that will serve our students well after high school.”
To receive the AP Capstone Diploma, students must earn scores of 3 or higher in AP Seminar, AP Research, and on four additional AP Exams.
Unlike traditional AP subject exams with a single end-of-year assessment, AP Seminar and AP Research assessments are project-based and evaluate skills mastery through group projects, presentations, and individual essays completed throughout the year.
AP Capstone: A Student Perspective
Instead of focusing on one specific academic discipline, AP Seminar and AP Research are interdisciplinary: students are empowered to create research projects based on topics of personal interest and they are assessed on the critical thinking, research, collaboration, time management, and presentation skills needed to complete their projects
Students are increasingly participating in the AP Capstone program.
During the 2020-21 school year, over 2,000 schools participated in the AP Capstone program worldwide, and approximately 11,900 students earned the AP Capstone Diploma.
The post 43 West Shore Jr./Sr. High School Class of 2021 Students Earn AP Capstone Diploma Honors first appeared on Space Coast Daily. | <urn:uuid:2e62ce49-cba0-4bed-ac2b-d565e60a33e4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mimsflorida.com/43-west-shore-jr-sr-high-school-class-of-2021-students-earn-ap-capstone-diploma-honors/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.949838 | 445 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Distance from Odisha to Gudivada
Distance from Odisha to Gudivāda is 661 kilometers. This air travel distance is equal to 411 miles.
The air travel (bird fly) shortest distance between Odisha and Gudivāda is 661 km= 411 miles.
If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles) from Odisha to Gudivada, It takes 0.73 hours to arrive.
Odisha is located in India.
|GPS Coordinates (DMS)||20° 57´ 6.0120'' N |
85° 5´ 54.7080'' E
Odisha Distances to Cities
|Distance from Odisha to Kolkata||382 km|
|Distance from Odisha to Hyderabad||802 km|
|Distance from Odisha to Indore||977 km|
|Distance from Odisha to Gujarat||1,447 km|
|Distance from Odisha to Andaman And Nicobar Islands||1,300 km|
Gudivada is located in India.
|GPS Coordinates||16° 25´ 54.1560'' N |
80° 59´ 46.6800'' E
Gudivāda Distances to Cities
|Distance from Gudivada to Anakapalle||255 km|
|Distance from Gudivada to Mumbai||909 km|
|Distance from Gudivada to Daund||717 km|
|Distance from Gudivada to Bhongir||255 km|
|Distance from Gudivada to Avanigadda||46 km| | <urn:uuid:02fb3846-8833-462b-ace3-ffdecdff7aa0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.distancefromto.net/distance-from-odisha-to-gudivada-in | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00131-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.787123 | 350 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Startling Images Of Life In Mozambique's Trashland
José FerreiraIn Maputo, Mozambique, a garbage dump that spans more than 42 acres and has 50-foot-tall trash piles is only miles away from the regional airport.
These two places in the city—one, a connection to the rest of the globe, and the other a man-made wasteland—show just how conflicting modernization can be.
The dump, in a neighborhood of Maputo called Huléne, opened in 1968 and has since been a central—though destructive—aspect of the locals' life. It's nicknamed "Trash Land," and is a home to scavengers and garbage collectors who search through the rubble to find anything that could be traded for bread or milk.
Local Insight reports that the dump is supposed to close in 2014, but the city must first come up with the funds and means to build a landfill as a new site for the trash.
The photographer, Portugese journalist José Ferreira, said, "for many people there, it’s not and never was an option to be there...the Huléne trash is an increasingly outdated phenomenon, even for the context of economic crisis in which Mozambique is associated."
These are the photographs of the people and sights he saw on a walk through "Trash Land." | <urn:uuid:cbd0f311-12b8-4a63-bf2d-eb035afa022b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.businessinsider.com/life-in-the-wasteland-of-mozambiques-trashland-2011-7 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00225-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961272 | 282 | 2.296875 | 2 |
It is imperative that you have a comprehensive backup strategy to avoid potentially losing data. It's easier to back up a database than it is to recreate it. By following these best practices, the impact and inconvenience of a compromised file should be minimal.
It's not always clear why a database file gets corrupted, but common reasons include:
- application/computer crash
- loss of power, so always utilize an uninterruptible power supply (UPS/battery backup)
- network latency issues
- bad sectors or a failing hard drive
- databases not properly closed prior to stopping/restarting FileMaker Server (FMS), so disable all automatic updates
To minimize the risk of unexpected behavior, the server machine should be dedicated to only FMS and should not be used by anyone else or for anything else.
FMS features built-in and robust backup scheduling as well as progressive backups to help minimize the amount of data loss. Additionally, you should incorporate third-party solutions (e.g., Sync Folders Pro) to make off-site backups (e.g., Box, Dropbox, or Amazon AWS). Note: Never back up live/open databases!
When using third-party applications, you must first pause or close the files prior to running the backup, or simply make copies of existing backups made by FMS to avoid corruption. For this reason, you should exclude FileMaker/FMS files and folders from operating system backup utilities such as Time Machine.
Additionally, you should periodically test the integrity of your backups to make sure they're usable. A backup of an already corrupt file is of little use. Finally, never directly open a backup file to avoid possibly damaging the only backup of your database. Instead, first make a copy in a different directory.
File corruption is not inevitable, and FileMaker runs consistency checks to routinely ensure that everything is in order, but it's always a good idea to take precautionary measures to prevent damage and to ensure backups are available in case of a disaster.
In the rare instance that neither your database nor backup can be opened, contact Doom Support, and we can attempt to recover data from the damaged file, but we do not guarantee that anything is possible. | <urn:uuid:fbb1d4b4-52bd-4e2f-ab0f-35c434a8bdcb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://support.doomsolutions.com/hc/en-us/articles/4402672371863-backups-backups-backups | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.920114 | 454 | 2.078125 | 2 |
DATAMATH CALCULATOR MUSEUM
Montgomery Ward P300 aka TXI-8663A (Version 1)
|Date of introduction:||June 1974||Display technology:||LED modules + lens|
|New price:||Display size:||8 + 2|
|Size:|| 6.1" x 3.1" x 1.5"
156 x 78 x 38 mm3
|Weight:||9.2 ounces, 262 grams||Serial No:||47X-011706|
|Batteries:||3*AA NiCd||Date of manufacture:||wk 30 year 1974|
|AC-Adapter:||AC9130||Origin of manufacture:||USA|
|Precision:||8||Integrated circuits:||TMS0120, 2*SN75493, 2*SN27423|
|Program steps:||Courtesy of:||Joerg Woerner|
Montgomery Ward P300 aka TXI-8663A could easily identified as larger brother of the P200 aka TXI-8662A
and a close relative of the SR-10.
Both calculators use the same electronics, the same layout of the keyboard and even an identical mold for the housing bottom. The different look is achieved through a new mold for the upper half of the housing and a different color of the function keys. The color of the housing is slightly different, too.
Texas Instruments changed in or around August 1974 the LED display of the P300 and replaced the DIS115E module known from the SR-10 Version 2 with a DIS175 module based on Bowmar's Optostic technology.
Compare it with it's sibling P200 and another SR-10 clone, the Radio Shack EC-425. If you are looking for an SR-10 with blue function keys, don't miss this SR-10 Rebuilt.
Don't miss the rare TXI-8661A based on the Exactra 23 calculator.
If you have additions to the above article please email: firstname.lastname@example.org.
© Joerg Woerner, December 5, 2001. No reprints without written permission. | <urn:uuid:990c287c-c848-40fc-916e-f18884b83f9a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.datamath.org/Others/Montgomery/TXI-8663A.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.779716 | 483 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Stephane Fitch, Contributor
I write about real estate, economics, finance and investing.
Millions of Americans hate their mortgages these days. To many they represent not only their biggest financial liability but also a once promising investment gone sour.
That’s too bad, says Michael Eisenberg, a Los Angeles accountant who finds himself employing the techniques of a Hollywood marriage counselor to dissuade affluent clients from jettisoning their mortgage debt.
“I try to explain that there are advantages to leverage,” Eisenberg says.
Advantages to leverage? Believe it or not, the mortgage is still one of the greatest wealth-building tools available, especially for well-to-do homeowners. Thanks go partly to the laws of economics; leverage in the guise of a mortgage, after all, can amplify gains in a rising market just as it amplified losses in a falling one. Then there’s the Uncle Sam effect. Thanks to federal tax law, no form of debt is potentially as beneficial to the average citizen as the venerable home mortgage.
Here are six ways to make the most out of yours.
CUT YOUR TAXES. Homeowners may know that the interest on up to $1.1 million of mortgage debt is deductible from federal taxes. What many fail to realize is that the math favors the affluent. Suppose that on Jan. 1 your modestly wealthy family took out an $800,000, 30-year mortgage at a fixed interest rate of 5%. Over the first decade of the loan your interest payments will average $36,700 a year. If you’re in the 33% tax bracket, you’ll save about $12,000 annually. So you’re effectively borrowing at a rate under 3.5%.
If a couple filing jointly in the 25% federal income tax bracket borrows $200,000 at 5%, they’ll be able to deduct an average of about $9,100 in annual interest. That’s less than their $11,600 standard federal deduction. Since they can also write off property taxes, they’ll probably get a tax benefit from itemizing deductions, but the aftertax cost of their mortgage will still likely be close to 5%.
BLUNT THE AMT. Moderately wealthy residents of high income tax states are prone to get hit by the alternative minimum tax. If you fit this profile, or are likely to in the future, you can limit your pain by holding a mortgage equal to a large proportion of the value of your home.
Why so? With the AMT, you can’t deduct property or state income taxes. But mortgage interest remains fully deductible. So if you own a lot of house and would pay AMT with or without a big mortgage, it pays to lever up.
PAY EARLY. Debt-averse homeowners know the appeal of shortening the term of their mortgages. Go from 30 to 15 years and your interest rate will fall 0.6 to 0.7 percentage points, says Bankrate.com. There’s also the wholesome allure of retiring your mortgage early.
What’s not to like? First off, refinancing costs can run $3,000 or so. If you swap a 30-year mortgage costing 4.2% annually for a 15-year one at 3.6%, your payments on an $800,000 loan will go up $1,850 a month.
An alternative is to enjoy most of the same benefits by sticking with your 30-year mortgage and prepaying $2,100 a month in principal. You’ll incur no refinancing fees, save enormous interest over the life of the loan and still be able to pay off your mortgage in 15 years. Another advantage: If you run into financial trouble or your kid enters a costly college, you can go back to making regular payments on your 30-year mortgage without becoming delinquent.
OPT FOR AN ADJUSTABLE RATE. These mortgages have gotten a bad rap, thanks to a combination of unscrupulous brokers and incautious borrowers. Don’t be deterred.
If you plan to move in four or five years, why pay to lock in a fixed 30- year rate? You can probably cut your interest rate more than a full percentage point with a mortgage that adjusts in 2016. On an $800,000 home loan that will knock the $3,900 monthly payment down to $3,450. Worried that stagflation will set in by 2016? Squirrel away the $450-a-month savings and by then you’ll have a $27,000 rainy day fund.
PROFIT FROM YOUR EQUITY. If you’ve got equity in your home and a decent credit score, you can take out a $30,000 home equity line of credit for around 5%, Bankrate.com says. As long as you’re not already servicing more than $1 million in mortgage debt, your interest payments on up to $100,000 in equity loans are tax deductible, again bringing your aftertax cost of capital down to about 3.5%. That’s less than Illinois, California, New York and most other states pay to borrow. (Warning: With the AMT you can deduct home equity loan interest only if you use the loan proceeds for home improvements.)
Those who aren’t in the AMT and who are willing to incur some risk can invest a home equity loan in more than 100 companies offering dividend yields of at least 6% and with revenues and stock market values both north of $100 million. They include S&P 500 components like Altria Group and FirstEnergy.
We wouldn’t advise employing this strategy down to your last dime of equity, but it’s not as risky as you may think. Let your home equity sit entirely in your residence and you’re gambling on the value of a single asset. If instead you take out the home equity loan to buy 20 high-dividend stocks, you’ll pocket the interest spread, diversify your risk and potentially enjoy capital gains.
PROTECT YOUR DOWNSIDE. Roughly 11 million homeowners are believed to owe more on mortgages than their homes are worth, with half of them 90 days or more behind on their payments, says CoreLogic. That might strike you as tantamount to financial and moral failure, but seen another way the late payers are taking advantage of the fact that mortgages are noncallable and also usually nonrecourse.
Noncallable means your mortgage banker cannot demand that you repay the remainder of your loan if your home’s value plummets. That’s a distinct advantage over other types of secured debt, like brokerage account margin loans; suffer a drop in the value of your stock or bond collateral and you’ll either have to post more capital or have your collateral seized.
The nonrecourse nature of most mortgages likewise makes defaulting on them less painful than doing so on most other loans. Suppose you buy a $1 million home with $200,000 in cash and take out an $800,000 mortgage. Your timing is lousy and three years later your property is worth only $600,000.
One option would be to walk away from your home and stick your banker with half your loss. Since your mortgage is nonrecourse, the banker will have no rights to your other assets. If you’re really desperate, you could even refuse to move out and live rent-free until your banker manages to evict you. Such moves would, of course, clobber your credit score. | <urn:uuid:3b82ba05-9fe1-468a-b031-eb4c09ce27c4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2011/0214/real-estate-mortgage-liability-leverage-love-home-loan.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00339-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950881 | 1,579 | 1.59375 | 2 |
FXBangladesh.com – We always get the urge from you to publish articles about different types of trading strategies but the interesting thing is, there is really no theoretical strategy for Forex trading. Each trader uses different types of indicators, chart patterns and technical tools to create his own trading strategies. So, there is no reason to think this way of using a trading strategy that will work well for you. To help you out, we have already discussed a number of different trading strategies and also presented to you how you can bring profit from the trade using these techniques. Accordingly, in today’s article we will introduce you to another new trading strategy and try to inform you on how to trade profitable using this 100 Moving Average. So let’s get started.
– Video Tutorial –
If you like the video below you can get some good ideas as to how to use this trading strategy in the trade. We have tried to show you the details of this through video tutorial.
100 Moving Average Strategy for whom?
100 Moving Average This technique will work best if you are a Day Trader, Swing Trader or Position Trader. For those who like scalping, it is very likely that they will not get a special signal. Therefore, those who use this technique for scalping trading will have to practice it well before starting the real trade. If you do not know what kind of trader you are, please take a look at our “Trader’s Type” article.
100 Moving Average Chart Setup
100 Moving Average This technique is composed of a popular indicator Moving Average. We have already talked about different types of moving averages. If you still want to know more about Moving Average Indicators, see our Indicators section. So let’s see how the 100 Moving Average chart is set up to start trading, not looking at it. We will work with this strategy, the only moving average. In this case we have selected Simple Moving Average. Now we will determine the value of the simple moving average and set it in the chart.
How to add moving average to your chart?
First you have to go to the trading platform you are using. Here MT4 or MT5 are the same. From there, select your preferred currency pair and open a chart. After the chart is open, click on Insert -> Indicator -> Trend -> Moving Average, at the very top of your trading platform. For your convenience, we’ve tried to use the image below –
You can set the moving average in your chart like the image above. After you click on the Moving Average button, a box similar to the image below will appear. Here we will set the value of this indicator. Notice that we will only work here with the simple moving average.
Put 100 in the Period cell and select Simple in the cell of the MA method. Now select the color according to your choice so that you can understand it by looking at the color in the chart. In the interest of presenting the strategy to you, we have selected its color “black”. That is, the black line on the chart is 100 Moving Average.
100 Moving Average Trading Strategies
We have tried to show the use of this technique here in the chart of the H4 timeframe of the EUR / USD currency pair.
How to get cell / SELL signals?
Since we only trade with a moving average, it is important to first be aware of some of these behaviors. To put it simply, if price is below the 100 Moving Average line in the chart, we can assume that the price will remain in the seltrend. Take a look at the image below –
Take a good look at the chart, the price moving average is closer to the bottom line and down again. That is, according to the strategy we said that if the price is below this moving average line, then the price has to be in the celltrend. Hope you understand the whole strategy. Look at the end of the chart above, is the price still below the moving average line again? So where can Price be next? That is, take the BUY or accept the SELL entry?
If your answer is SELL then I understand that you understand the strategy correctly. And if you are thinking of a BUY entry, brother should start consulting a good ophthalmologist soon.
How to get the BUY signal?
Since we only trade with a moving average, it is important to first be aware of some of these behaviors. To put it simply, if the price is positioned above the line of this 100 Moving Average in the chart, we can assume that the price will be in the bitrend. Notice the image below-
Take a good look at the chart, whenever Price is staying above the moving average line or breakout, the direction of the strong uptrend appears. That is, always keep in mind, the price of the position above the 100 Moving Average line is BUY.
#Pair and timeframe for this strategy!
Currency pairing – We always advise you to trade only on the major currency pair and if you are a new trader, we recommend that you stay on the EUR / USD currency pair only. The main reason is that in this currency pair, the spread is usually very low and the amount of movement is very tolerable. Because of this, even if any of the entries taken is wrong, you will not lose too much loss or damage.
We recommend, EUR / USD, GBP / USD, USD / CAD, USD / JPY, NZD / USD, you can get good signal on these currency pairs.
Timeframe selection – You can use this strategy to trade in any timeframe you choose. However, we suggest that the most common timeframe for this strategy is H4. Also, you can use this strategy if you want Day or Weekly timeframes.
One thing to keep in mind, the smaller the trading timeframe the trading signal becomes, the more difficult you are to trade. It does not take long for the short-term price movement to change. On the other hand, if you use this technique in a slightly larger timeframe, you will get stronger and better signals. Remember, a trend formed in a large timeframe is just as time consuming as a trend.
Risk Warning: Before using any of our published strategies, in real trade, you must practice and understand the details of this signal. You must be accustomed to it before using any new techniques in your trade. Never trade passionately or in a hurry based on a trading strategy. This topic is risky so if you have any knowledge of this strategy please contact us.
If this article seems useful for your then please click the like button below. You can also share your valuable feedback or ask questions in the below comment section. Also, subscribe to our newsletter for trading-related updates. | <urn:uuid:6f8ec7df-3108-43d6-91fb-75f68132cc29> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fxpedia.info/100-moving-average/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.918353 | 1,400 | 1.570313 | 2 |
A surge in chickenpox cases in Leicestershire coupled with supply issues has led to reports of shortages of medicines. And Leicester Hospitals says it has treated as many cases in the past six months as it usually would over a year.
A Department of Health and Social Care spokesperson said: "We are aware suppliers of calamine lotion are currently experiencing supply constraints, which should be resolved by mid-July."
Chickenpox is contagious and can affect people of all ages, despite usually being associated with children. So how can people in Leicestershire spot the signs and help to prevent its spread?
According to the NHS, you can check to see whether your child has chickenpox by looking for an itchy, spotty rash anywhere on their body. The illness usually runs through three stages, reports Birmingham Live.
Firstly, small spots appear on the body, even inside the mouth and around the genitals. The spots may be red, pink or even the same colour as the child's skin tone. They can be trickier to spot on darker skin. The spots may stay in the same area, or they may spread to other parts of the body.
In stage two, the spots fill with fluid and become blisters. The blisters are very itchy and may burst. Try to encourage your child not to scratch them at this stage.
Finally, in stage three, the spots form a scab. Some scabs are flaky while others leak fluid. Other symptoms include a high temperature, aches and pains, a loss of appetite and generally feeling unwell.
How do you catch chickenpox and when is it most contagious?
Chickenpox is highly contagious. It can be spread from two days before the spots appear until they have all formed scabs. This is normally around five days after the spots first become visible.
You can catch chickenpox by being in the same room as someone with the infection. It's also spread by touching things that have fluid from the blisters on them.
However, spots don't tend to show until around one to three weeks after contracting chickenpox. So if your child has chickenpox, it's worth contacting people they saw a few weeks before to let them know they might be at risk.
Can adults get chickenpox and can you have it more than once?
Yes, adults can get chickenpox. The spots look the same on adults as they do on children. However, adults usually have a high temperature for longer and more spots than children.
It's possible to get chickenpox more than once, but it's unusual. After having chickenpox, the virus stays in your body and can be triggered again if your immune system is weakened due to stress, certain conditions, or treatments like chemotherapy.
This causes shingles. It is not possible to catch shingles from someone with chickenpox but you can catch chickenpox from someone with shingles if you have not had chickenpox before.
How to treat chickenpox
Chickenpox is very itchy and can make children feel miserable, even if they do not have many spots. A child or adult with chickenpox needs to stay away from school, nursery, or work until all the spots have formed a scab.
The good news is the infection will usually get better by itself after one to two weeks without needing to see a GP. The NHS website recommends the following advice for treating chickenpox at home:
Ways to help a person with chickenpox:
drink plenty of fluid (try ice lollies if your child is not drinking) to avoid dehydration
take paracetamol to help with pain and discomfort
cut your child's fingernails and put socks on their hands at night to stop them scratching
use cooling creams or gels from a pharmacy
speak to a pharmacist about using antihistamine medicine to help stop the itching
bathe in cool water and pat the skin dry (do not rub)
dress in loose clothes
Things to avoid doing when you or your child has chickenpox:
do not use ibuprofen unless advised to do so by a doctor, as it may cause serious skin infections
do not give aspirin to children under 16
do not go near newborn babies, pregnant women or people with a weakened immune system as chickenpox can be dangerous for them
do not scratch the spots, as scratching can cause scarring
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- Hangover cure pill health concerns - is Myrkl safe to take?
- Warning you can catch latest Covid variant again after just four weeks | <urn:uuid:74f497ce-ba0e-47cc-8797-9020a351653b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/news/leicester-news/chickenpox-symptoms-guide-amid-leicester-7332840 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.960133 | 1,013 | 2.75 | 3 |
Source: Texas AgriLife Extension Service
Irrigation is a crucial part of crop production in many parts of Texas. This publication explains the importance of knowing seasonal and peak water requirements and selecting the proper irrigation method. Several methods are described, including sprinkler systems, surface irrigation and subsurface drip irrigation systems. A table makes it easy to find the right system for a particular situation.
By: Juan Enciso, Dana Porter, Guy Fipps, Paul Colaizzi
New – June 10, 2004 (Reviewed: November 1, 2010) | <urn:uuid:978deb8c-3197-4c7c-acdf-a2c6e35c9e2a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://water.tamu.edu/irrigation-of-forage-crops/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718278.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00240-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.899496 | 114 | 3.125 | 3 |
Missing sibling film re-united with Matto Grosso: The Great Brazilian Wilderness (1931)
Three weeks ago you were introduced to Tari, the cute Bororo boy who appears in one of the Penn Museum’s films. He also had a starring role in his own short film, which was only recently rediscovered. You will be able to see this film during the Penn Museum Scholars lecture series, next Wednesday, February 9, at 12:30 pm.
Here is the story of the discovery of the film:
The Penn Museum’s Archives was honored in early November, 2010 to host a group of international film and sound archivists for a reception to celebrate the restoration of one of the Museum’s most interesting films, Matto Grosso: The Great Brazilian Wilderness, (1931).
The great significance of Matto Grosso in film production history is that it is likely the first documentary, and definitely one of the earliest, to have used synchronized sound-on-film recording in the field. The team recorded the voices of São Lourenço Bororo onsite, which is certainly the first recording of a non-European, indigenous language, on film. RCA’s variable area Photophone system was used for the sound recording on site.
In the exhibit of photographs that Alex Pezzati, Senior Archivist, and Kate Pourshariati, Film Archivist, laid out for the event, was included a post-script about a second small film produced by the expedition, apparently long lost, featuring Tari, a Bororo boy. From production stills and newspaper accounts, we learned that the film was to be titled The Kid. However, intensive searching for this prodigal film yielded no information. The only known film from around that time called The Kid was made by Charlie Chaplin, and was clearly not our film.
Touring around the exhibit with our friend and colleague, Pam Wintle, Director of the Human Studies Film Archives, Smithsonian Institution, we had a eureka moment, the film archivist’s equivalent of uncovering a long buried archaeological site. A look of profound chagrin crossed Pam’s face as she read our captions about The Kid – a character-
driven movie in the style of Robert Flaherty’s classic Nanook of the North – which tells the story of a kid in an Amazonian village in Brazil. Pam said “I hope you will not be upset with me; I think we might have your film. Can we turn on a computer?” Five minutes later amidst much whooping and carrying on, it was clear that the HSFA had in their collections a film titled The Hoax (1932) (see here their catalog entry) apparently renamed sometime in the post production process.
by Kate Pourshariati and Alessandro Pezzati | <urn:uuid:919c4465-9644-4bbf-b280-0f6420289c64> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.penn.museum/blog/collection/archival-practice/not-a-hoax-matto-grosso-and-the-kid/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719843.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00292-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97054 | 592 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Quercus palustris Fagaceae
Pin Oak, Swamp Spanish Oak KWER-kus pa-LUS-tris
- Broadleaf, deciduous tree, 60-75 ft (18-23 m), prominent central stem, pyramidal, descending lower
branches. Leaves alternate, simple, 7.5-15 cm long, 5-7 lobes, wide deep sinuses ("U"
shaped in comparison with "C"-shaped sinuses of Q. coccinea), tips slightly lobed and
bristle-like, glossy dark green; in fall foliage ranges from russet, bronze to brilliant red.
Blade tends to be "V"-shaped at attachment with petiole. Many leaves hang on
all winter. Fruit (acorn) is small, about 12 mm long, the nut is enclosed only at the base by a
thin, saucer-like cup; two seasons to mature.
- Sun. It has a shallow root system so more easily transplanted than many other oaks. Shows iron chlorosis (yellow foliage) on alkaline soils, therefore it should only be planted on soils that are at least slightly acid. It will tolerate wet soils (one of the swamp oaks), but is best in rich, acid, well-drained soil. One of the fastest growing oak (as much as 15 ft (4.5 m) in 5-7 years).
- Hardy to USDA Zone 4 Native range from Massachusetts to Delaware, west to Wisconsin and Arkansas.
- palustris: of swamps
- Oregon State Univ. campus: on Washington Way on the north edge of the football practice field, along railroad tracks. | <urn:uuid:1cedf711-4f45-4fa6-b140-e83634f75834> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://oregonstate.edu/dept/ldplants/qupa-i.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00272-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.888306 | 350 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Public Health Practice – The Center for Preparedness Education’s mission is to enhance preparedness skills and knowledge through affordable, needs-based training; customized organizational assistance with disaster exercises; and comprehensive preparedness related resources. The Center for Preparedness Education is a joint endeavor between Creighton University School of Medicine and the University of Nebraska Medical Center and is a part of the Center for Biosecurity, Biopreparedness and Emerging Infectious Disease that is housed within the UNMC College of Public Health.
The center conducts both live and web-based trainings for public health professionals, health care professionals, first responders, and emergency management. In addition we assist with developing, conducting, and evaluating disaster preparedness exercises across Nebraska. In any given year we interact with 600+ individuals at more than 30 events.
Over the last three to four years the importance of disaster exercises has been highlighted through such events as the Boston Marathon bombing. Boston area hospitals, emergency medical services, and law enforcement credit practicing their joint response as a key to their actions in this tragic event. The Center for Preparedness Education has addressed this need by providing trained disaster exercise practitioners to help develop, conduct, and evaluate exercises for Nebraska’s response community. Our exercise team has conducted annual functional exercises with three of Nebraska’s six Medical Response Systems. These exercises have involved hospitals, public health departments, EMS, law enforcement, and emergency management working together to practice responding to the type of incidents seen often in Nebraska. In addition the team has conducted numerous smaller exercises for hospitals and public health.
In response to the changing educational needs of our audiences, the center is now offering more training opportunities using distance technologies. In addition to webinars, we also offer a comprehensive library of videos from past educational sessions that are available for in-house educational sessions or for individuals to review on an as needed basis.
This article was written by Keith Hansen, MBA, assistant director of the Center for Preparedness Education, and by Sharon Medcalf, PhD, associate director of the Center for Preparedness Education and an instructor in the UNMC COPH Department of Health Promotion, Social and Behavioral Health. | <urn:uuid:7d6b572e-f3b7-41f6-8766-f37fd9f6fcda> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://blog.unmc.edu/publichealth/2014/02/15/center-for-preparedness-education-trains-nebraskas-disaster-response-community/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00311-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954833 | 444 | 2.375 | 2 |
If you find yourself asking “What is heavy-duty equipment?” or “What is the difference between compact equipment and heavy equipment?” you’re not alone.
The terms “heavy-duty” equipment or “heavy equipment” are commonly used to describe larger construction equipment, but they’re not technical terms. There isn’t an exact weight or size when something is considered heavy. It’s industry slang.
The Association of Equipment Manufacturers (AEM) separates some types of construction equipment into size classes. For example, AEM classifies any excavator that weighs less than 13,227 pounds as a mini excavator. However, many manufacturers and operators call an 8 ton (16,000 lb) machine a mini excavator. Clearly even when there is a technical term, usage can vary.
AEM has no definition for what qualifies as heavy equipment. Whether a piece of equipment is heavy or heavy-duty is personal opinion. So what is heavy-duty equipment? Whatever you think it is.
What Industries Use Heavy Equipment?
The most common owners and operators of heavy equipment are in the public infrastructure (roads and bridges), utility construction and commercial and residential construction industries.
Heavy equipment is also commonly used in demolition, waste management and recycling, forestry, quarrying, mining, landscaping, grounds maintenance (snow removal) and agriculture.
Common Types of Heavy Equipment
The following is a list of types of heavy equipment sold by Doosan in North America. There are other categories of equipment, but this list has some of the most commonly found machines.
Articulated Dump Truck (ADT)
Articulated dump trucks (ADTs) also called articulated haulers, off-road trucks and rock trucks, are used for hauling material on rough terrain.
An ADT has a cab and engine in the front section, which is connected to the dump body by an articulation joint. This lets the two sections move independently, which helps the ADT move over uneven ground. It also gives the ADT a relatively tight turning radius.
You can find ADTs on large construction sites and in mines and quarries.
Doosan calls an excavator a crawler excavator if it has tracks and is larger than 9 tons. Any excavator below 9 tons Doosan refers to as a mini excavator.
Excavators are versatile machines that are usually operated whenever large amounts of material need to be dug out. They also are used to pick up and place heavy objects and to demolish structures. Excavators can also be equipped with attachments that add to their versatility. Thumbs are among the most popular excavator attachments for use with buckets.
The three main parts of an excavator are the undercarriage, the house and the front workgroup.
The undercarriage is the section that makes contact with the ground, and is usually steel or rubber tracks. The house consists of the cab where the operator sits, the engine, and hydraulic and electrical systems of the machine. The boom is the section that extends out of the machine. It’s connected to the arm. The operator can move the boom up and down, extend the arm out or pull it inwards. The arm is usually equipped with a bucket or attachment. It can be available in different lengths to meet various applications.
A wheel excavator is an excavator that moves on tires instead of tracks. Wheel excavators are more comfortable to drive on concrete and asphalt than track machines, and the tires won’t damage these surfaces like steel tracks can. These two qualities make them well-suited for utility work, street maintenance or any construction where the machine will primarily move on hard surfaces.
Wheel excavators also travel faster than track machines, so they can be a good choice when the machine needs to travel long distances frequently, like in a city or on a large jobsite.
Wheel excavators are commonly equipped with one or two sets of stabilizers. When lowered, these provided enhanced stability for the operator.
Log loaders are specially equipped machines for the forestry industry. Log loaders are used to harvest trees and load logs onto trucks or stack logs in a yard.
Log loader operators commonly sit in a cab that is raised above the house. This gives them a better view for picking up and placing logs. The cab may be outfitted with additional guarding to help protect the operator from falling trees and branches.
Since these machines are usually used in the woods, log loader undercarriages have a higher clearance to help them move over objects on the ground.
The front work group designed to make it easier to pick up and stack logs high. Log loaders are commonly fitted with special grapple attachments for picking up logs.
Road builders are part log loader and part heavy-duty excavator. These machines are used to pioneer — to clear trees, brush and pull out stumps for roads into new logging tracts.
Road builders have a reinforced cab, but the cab is not raised as it is in a log loader. They have the front workgroup of an excavator and a reinforced undercarriage with greater ground clearance like a log loader.
Road builders can be found in applications outside of forestry and logging; for example, loading rock in a crusher or working at a demolition site.
Material handlers are built to pick up unevenly sized material and place it in a container, truck bed, railcar or pile. These machines are most commonly found in recycling yards.
Common material handler features include:
- Raised cabs so the operator can see over the sides of trucks and on top of scrap piles. Machines come with a fixed raised cab or a hydraulic rising cab.
- A droop-nose arm that makes it easier to pick up an object and place it neatly over the side of a container.
- Heavy-duty undercarriages to withstand working around scrap metal.
- Grapple and magnet attachments to help pick up uneven or magnetic metal.
Material handler undercarriages can be tracks or wheels.
Wheel loaders are most commonly used to move material from one place to another. When equipped with a bucket, wheel loaders can be used to create piles and load into trucks and containers. Smaller wheel loaders are often equipped with attachments like pallet forks, brooms, snow pushers and even snowblowers.
Wheel loaders are versatile machines. They can be found loading ADTs at a construction site or in a quarry, or pushing snow in a box store’s parking lot. When large amounts of material need to be moved, a wheel loader is often the best machine for the job.
Ready to Get in a Cab?
Once you’ve determined the right machine for your company, consider whether to rent to own, lease or buy. | <urn:uuid:7500b11e-2693-41fc-a041-228363ab8c72> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://na.doosanequipment.com/en/news-stories/the-cutting-edge/types-of-heavy-equipment | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.930278 | 1,437 | 3.15625 | 3 |
For the past 24 years, Mississippi has been ranked the worst state in which to raise a child by the Annie E. Casey Foundation. But this year, it was surpassed by New Mexico.
The foundation uses a series of 16 indicators to rank the well-being of children in all states. Mississippi ranked number 49 on the list of 50 states, as gains in health and education pulled it up from its usual bottom spot.
But the state continues to face financial struggles as one-third of Mississippi's children live in poverty. In comparison, 13 percent of New Hampshire's children are at or below the poverty level.
On the top of the list for the best places to raise a child were New Hampshire, Vermont and Massachusetts.
"While we are not where we need to be, the fact that our child and teen death rate, along with some decrease in the percentage of children without health insurance has been helpful," said Mississippi Kids Count Director Linda Southward.
The South also seems to be improving, as Louisiana is the only southern state to finish in the bottom five. But it seems the Southwest is getting worse, as three of the top five were in the region.
Mississippi's main gains were in education, as Southward said there was a significant improvement in the number of kids enrolled in preschool. There were also general student improvements in math for eighth grade students and in reading for fourth grade students. Still, Mississippi is 48th on the list for educational ratings.
"The evidence is clear — we help children by helping families," Southward said. "The importance of quality child care, fully funding education opportunities for children and promoting evidence-based practices, underscored by economic development, is crucial to continued outcomes. We are still woefully behind the country in reading proficiencies, and the high percentage of high school students not graduating on time continues to be of concern." | <urn:uuid:52430a4c-d536-4d91-b00d-7db08862b83a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.opposingviews.com/i/society/mississippi-no-longer-worst-state-children-surpassed-new-mexico | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721278.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00147-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978575 | 382 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Feature | February 07, 2014
Transcatheter Pump May Aid Heart Failure Patients
February 7, 2014 — Start-up company Procyrion Inc. is developing a catheter-deployed circulatory assist device intended for long-term use in the treatment of chronic heart failure. The 6-mm diameter Aortix device is narrower than a pencil and is delivered via a catheter in a minimally invasive outpatient procedure lasting about 10 minutes.
Currently, long-term mechanical circulatory support (MCS) is limited to large ventricular assist devices (VADs). These devices are mainly used in patients with late stage heart failure (HF). Procyrion is developing a percutaneous intra-aortic micro-axial fluid entrainment pump called Aortix intended for long-term MCS in patients with earlier stage HF.
Aortix has been successfully tested with computer models, on the bench top in mock flow loops and in vivo in large animal HF studies. In three porcine experiments conducted last year, the pump was deployed in the thoracic aorta by standard cardiac catheterization techniques and was anchored with self-expanding struts. Acute cardiac dysfunction was induced by infusing esmolol continuously. Pump support increased cardiac output (+10.4 percent), stroke volume (+8.9 percent), and ejection fraction (+10.8 percent) while decreasing cardiac stroke work (-10.8 percent) and afterload (-22.7 percent). Pump support enhanced renal perfusion through sustained increases in both renal artery flow (+36.4 percent) and pressure (+73.6 percent).
In a porcine model of acute HF, the catheter-based intra-aortic fluid entrainment pump improved hemodynamics and renal perfusion. These results suggest the pump could improve HF outcomes and patients' quality of life by resting the heart, promoting reverse remodeling and augmenting end-organ perfusion. The renal perfusion may help disrupt the cardiorenal syndrome cycle and improve HF treatment.
The company received the Commercialization award by the Gulf Coast Regional Center of Innovation and Commercialization in February 2013 and received a total of $1.5 million in assistance from the Texas Emerging Technology Fund.
For more information: www.procyrion.com | <urn:uuid:8466bb2e-ea77-4e37-b0f7-02cf3315c835> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dicardiology.com/article/transcatheter-pump-may-aid-heart-failure-patients | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00256-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928716 | 476 | 1.648438 | 2 |
A job in law is exactly what the majority of the students are choosing today. Whether it is the pay packages or even the different solutions obtainable in legal jobs everything appears to become precisely what you’ve been searching for. That which was considered once a dull courtroom job has become being considered among the most difficult and rewarding career possibilities today. You have to however get ready for joining law student jobs right right from the start. The best educational qualifications are extremely essential in this subject and when you lag behind in turning up your papers you will possibly not grow very huge within this law student employment. Whether it is law clerk jobs or paralegal jobs everything requires a’s and b’s.
Pick a school first. Recall the better legislation school the greater are your odds of growing faster in this subject. Also bear in mind that getting admission in the very best of law schools isn’t child play. You will have to show excellent senior high school results. So even when have been in senior high school and wish to create a good career in law become seriously interested in your education in the moment. Stepping into the best school not just means an excellent education but additionally a great internship and job placement facility which instantly results into good basic level law jobs.
Law students frequently carry many misconceptions or myths about school. Continue reading to discover a couple of from the top school myths:
Myth 1: It’s a terrible world available. Don’t expect something to be fair in a school. Law may be fare however that does not always imply that law schools are fair too. You need to fight it working for yourself to outlive.
Myth 2: Your professors will educate you what’s needed and when there’s another thing you are feeling important feel it yourself. You don’t want to make a tale of by complaining after a test that couple of from the questions weren’t trained within the class.
Myth 3: Don’t reside in a hope that the professor will show you regarding what will are available in test. Remember this is an undergraduate course and therefore you will have to strive by yourself to secure a’s and b’s. For instance a test won’t ever test yourself on training trained within the second semester if you’re within the first but a little bit of explanation that is covered within the second semester will certainly score a couple of extra points.
Myth 4: Never believe that exams are made to test everything that was covered inside a semester. This really is humanly impossible coz the large amount of matter covered inside a particular semester is simply too much to complete off. The exams usually center around a little segment from the whole training.
Myth 5: It’s quite common student conduct to consider the textbooks suggested through the professors may have everything they should obvious the exams. Nevertheless this isn’t the situation here. Nearly every lawyer will explain how little help it to was. You’ll have to collect important information from various sources such as the internet, newspapers, lectures, interviews, etc. | <urn:uuid:4f0faca8-0098-40c0-8051-47ac346a3a7f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nextlol.com/law-student-jobs-top-school-myths.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.965319 | 633 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Some Pedestrian-Friendly Street Changes May Stay After The Pandemic Ends
ARI SHAPIRO, HOST:
When the pandemic struck, cities across the country moved quickly to help struggling restaurants. They bypassed regulations and closed off streets for outdoor dining. Now, even though they've lifted some indoor dining restrictions, some cities are moving to repurpose their streets permanently to accommodate people who have become accustomed to more car-free spaces. From Chicago, NPR's David Schaper reports.
DAVID SCHAPER, BYLINE: I'm standing in the middle of Clark Street in the River North area of downtown Chicago. And in normal times, it would be packed with cars, trucks and buses in three lanes of traffic going one way south, plus lanes on each curb for parking, valet stands, Ubers, cabs and delivery trucks. But right now, there's none of that - no traffic at all - because for much of the pandemic, the city has closed off several blocks of Clark Street here, allowing restaurants to safely spread out tables and serve diners outdoor.
ALYSSA WATKINS: I think it's kind of nice.
SCHAPER: Twenty-nine-year-old Chicagoan Alyssa Watkins is eating lunch outside in a place where there's usually loud traffic.
WATKINS: It's just nicer to not hear all the noise, to have more room for people to walk around on the streets.
SCHAPER: At another table in the street a good 10 feet away, 30-year-old Christina Taylor hopes the city keeps it closed.
CHRISTINA TAYLOR: I don't have a car, so I don't know how frustrating it is for people who drive when the streets are shut off.
SCHAPER: But not everyone is on board.
CAMILE STAFFORD: Down here, out here, it does make it a bit inconvenient when you close these streets like this.
SCHAPER: That's 30-year-old Camile Stafford, who worries about gridlock.
STAFFORD: Now it's like, oh, man, this street's blocked off. Oh, man, this street's blocked off. You know, it kind of - it can get irritating and maybe even deter people from coming down here.
SCHAPER: But the city's expanding what it calls the Chicago Alfresco Program anyway, closing off even more streets and not just for outdoor dining. Some busy streets now have wider walkways and bike lanes. Audrey Wennink of the Chicago non-profit Metropolitan Planning Council says it's part of the Complete Streets concept.
AUDREY WENNINK: Complete Streets are streets that are designed for everybody of every mode, so biking, walking, transit and cars.
SCHAPER: At a busy downtown Chicago intersection, Wennink says this street now has fewer lanes for cars, with one dedicated to buses only and another as a separated bike lane.
WENNINK: And there are plastic barriers that extend to the curb. So it makes a shorter crossing distance for pedestrians.
SCHAPER: Yes, it will take longer for people to drive through those redesigned streets, but Wennink says there's an important payoff.
WENNINK: Whenever you narrow streets or add bike lanes, you cause cars to drive slower and more carefully. And that has improved safety for everyone.
SCHAPER: With Americans walking more since the pandemic began, there's been a sharp increase in pedestrian fatalities, leading to an increased urgency in many cities to recreate streets as shared spaces instead of solely being focused on cars. Beth Osborne is with the nonprofit advocacy group Smart Growth America.
BETH OSBORNE: We had pretended that humans outside of a car didn't exist or were disposable and designed our roadways for only one user - those who had a big metal contraption around them.
SCHAPER: Osborne says the pandemic has prompted cities from Oakland and Seattle to Louisville and Burlington, Vt., to experiment with new street uses. Some include outdoor dining and food truck plazas. Others have displays of artwork or urban playgrounds. While some will be temporary, others may remain long after the pandemic ends.
David Schaper, NPR News, Chicago.
(SOUNDBITE OF RUSPO'S "BRASILIA E LUISA") Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR. | <urn:uuid:36b76c7e-006b-4b84-aae9-13103cfb1617> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kclu.org/2021-03-24/some-pedestrian-friendly-street-changes-may-stay-after-the-pandemic-ends | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.950033 | 931 | 1.851563 | 2 |
A Guide to America's Longest War
Publication Year: 2012
Nearly 100,000 U.S. soldiers are deployed to Afghanistan, fighting the longest war in the nation's history. But what do Americans know about the land where this conflict is taking place? Many have come to have a grasp of the people, history, and geography of Iraq, but Afghanistan remains a mystery.
Originally published by the U.S. Army to provide an overview of the country's terrain, ethnic groups, and history for American troops and now updated and expanded for the general public, Afghanistan Declassified fills in these gaps. Historian Brian Glyn Williams, who has traveled to Afghanistan frequently over the past decade, provides essential background to the war, tracing the rise, fall, and reemergence of the Taliban. Special sections deal with topics such as the CIA's Predator drone campaign in the Pakistani tribal zones, the spread of suicide bombing from Iraq to the Afghan theater of operations, and comparisons between the Soviet and U.S. experiences in Afghanistan.
To Williams, a historian of Central Asia, Afghanistan is not merely a theater in the war on terror. It is a primeval, exciting, and beautiful land; not only a place of danger and turmoil but also one of hospitable villagers and stunning landscapes, of great cultural diversity and richness. Williams brings the country to life through his own travel experiences—from living with Northern Alliance Uzbek warlords to working on a major NATO base. National heroes are introduced, Afghanistan's varied ethnic groups are explored, key battles—both ancient and current—are retold, and this land that many see as only a frightening setting for prolonged war emerges in three dimensions.
Published by: University of Pennsylvania Press
Throughout the 2000s, I traveled across Afghanistan, living with warlords, interviewing Taliban who had been taken prisoner, meeting gray-bearded elders, talking to women newly liberated from Taliban strictures, and working with U.S. and Coalition troops serving in the country. My adventures ranged from the mundane—eating rice pilaf and flat naan bread ...
In April 2007 I boarded a plane in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan—a former Soviet Muslim country located in the Caucasus Mountains south of Russia—and flew over the Caspian Sea, crossed Iran, and descended through the snowcapped Hindu Kush Mountains to Kabul. Azerbaijan had been fascinating. Baku, formerly the fifth- largest city in the USSR, ...
Part I. The Basics
Chapter 1. The Ethnic Landscape
Centuries of history contributed to the political and cultural landscape of Afghanistan today. The legend of the Kalash people of Pakistan is a good place to begin to understand that history. ...
Chapter 2. Extreme Geography
This expedition was to be one of my most ambitious in Afghanistan, a ten-hour journey into the Hindu Kush, the majestic mountain chain linked to the nearby Himalayas. This traditionally lawless area—Hindu Kush usually translates as “Hindu Killers”—has always fascinated me, in part due to its inaccessible nature and the mysterious race living there. ...
Part II. History Lessons
Chapter 3. Creating the Afghan State
As I walked into the university secretary’s office for the check to fund my summer field research, she innocuously asked where I was headed. “I hope to make my way to a lawless northern province of Afghanistan to interview an Uzbek warlord who is defined as a notorious Taliban killer. ...
Chapter 4. Soviet Rule, the Mujahideen, and the Rise of the Taliban
While some U.S. high school students in the early 1980s had pictures of sports or music heroes on their walls, my walls were covered with news images of Massoud the legendary Lion of Panjsher. Massoud was the Tajik mujahideen guerrilla who had humiliated the Soviet Union and become an icon for millions of Afghans and many Cold Warriors in the ...
Chapter 5. The Longest War: America in Afghanistan
In my previous trips to Afghanistan I had seen American and ISAF Coalition troops from afar. Driving the dusty roads of Afghanistan from Herat in the west to Mazar i Sharif in the north to Paktia and Jalalabad in the east (usually in a dirty Corolla that would not attract attention), I have seen them in the form of platoons walking on the side of the road or on ...
Page Count: 272
Publication Year: 2012
OCLC Number: 793012539
MUSE Marc Record: Download for Afghanistan Declassified | <urn:uuid:be52ecbb-6dbf-4ce4-83d8-bfe0e0def1f2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://muse.jhu.edu/book/2604 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00207-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937187 | 934 | 2.359375 | 2 |
How do I identify garden weeds? How To Recognise Common Garden Weeds: Garden Weed Identification Guide Size. Now check on the size of the cotyledons. Stem. Weed image showing hypocotyl, root, cotyledon and first true
How do I identify garden weeds?
How To Recognise Common Garden Weeds: Garden Weed Identification Guide
- Size. Now check on the size of the cotyledons.
- Stem. Weed image showing hypocotyl, root, cotyledon and first true leaves.
- Shape. Now look at the shape of the cotyledons.
- True leaves.
- Hairy Leaves.
- Glaucous Leaves.
- Speedwell (Veronica Species)
What are the most common weeds in the UK?
9 Most Common Lawn Weeds to Watch Out For
- Couch grass.
- Hedge bindweed.
- Chickweed. One of the most common UK weeds, chickweed varies in size and weight.
- Groundsel. This weed’s leaves vary from slightly hairy with cotton-like hairs to smooth.
What weeds grow in my garden?
Recognising Common Garden Weeds – Annual Weeds
- Chickweed. Chickweed grows to about 5-7 cm high and has a vigourous spreading habit, small white flowers and an extensive root system.
- Fat Hen.
- Common Fumitory.
- Hairy Bittercress.
- Prickly Milk (Sow) Thistle.
What are the worst weeds in the UK?
Top 10 Most Dangerous Weeds in the UK
- The Japanese Knotweed. The Killer of Gardens, this plant can grown at an alarming rate and also go undetected, remaining dormant for long periods of time.
- Himalayan Balsam.
- Himalayan Knotweed.
- Hedge Bindweed.
- Common Ragwort.
- Hairy Bittercress.
Can I put weeds in compost?
A properly maintained hot compost pile will kill weed seeds, as well as many other pathogens, so you can compost weeds without having to worry about them popping up in your garden beds.
Why are garden weeds bad?
When weeds grow faster than your crops, they block out sunlight and steal water. They can create their own individual micro-climates that cause plants to become too cold in the morning. They can also cause your plants to become dehydrated.
What type of weeds are the most difficult to get rid of?
Perennial weeds are the most difficult to control. They spread by seed and creeping roots and if you don’t pull the entire root, the plant can actually reproduce from every piece of root left behind.
What are 5 types of weeds?
10 Types of Weeds
- Orange Hawkweed. Orange hawkweed (Hieracium aurantiacum L.)
- Dodder. Dodder (genus Cuscuta) is a parasitic plant with many species affecting ornamentals, crops and native trees.
- Deer Tongue.
- Bull Thistle.
- Smooth Brome.
- Slender Rush.
- Spotted Knapweed.
What are the most common types of weed?
Broad-leafed weeds are the most common and familiar types of weeds. Popular examples include violets, dandelions, chickweed, ground ivy, and white clover. The best method to keep away broad-leafed weeds is to follow good cultural and environmental garden practices to grow a dense and healthy bed of grass.
What is the common name for weed?
Grassy weeds are a common type of weed, also known as monocots . This means that a grass seed will sprout as one leaf. They have round and hollow stems, with nodes, while the leaves are long, with parallel veins.
What is grass vs weeds?
As verbs the difference between grass and weed. is that grass is to lay out on the grass; to knock down (an opponent etc) while weed is to remove unwanted vegetation from a cultivated area or weed can be (wee).
What are the most common weeds in Florida?
Common Florida Weeds. There are generally three types of weeds common to Florida: sedges, grassy weeds and broadleaf weeds. Included in this group are yellow nutsedge, purple nutsedge, globe sedge, kyllinga, and annual sedge (a.k.a. known as watergrass). | <urn:uuid:3c0ed210-df21-400f-8c79-be0c0fc55a4d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://missionalcall.com/2021/06/03/how-do-i-identify-garden-weeds/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.890522 | 1,000 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Advertise Lake Vacation Rentals
Sebago Lake is the deepest and second largest lake in Maine. It stretches 12 miles long, boasts a 98 mile shoreline, covers 45 square miles, reaches an impressive 316 feet at its deepest, and has an average depth of 107 feet. In fact, since its surface is only 270 above sea level, its deepest point is about 46 feet below sea level! Some sources describe the lake as covering 29,992 acres and others as 30,513 acres. Topographical variations over time and the improved accuracy of satellite mapping may account for these differences.
Sebago Lake is located in Cumberland County and is bordered by the Maine towns of Casco, Naples, Raymond, Sebago, Standish and Windham. The lake is the primary water supply for the Portland Water District, home to Greater Portland (Maine) and about 15% of the state's population. Although Sebago Lake is a natural lake formed more than 14,000 years ago from melting glaciers, construction of the Eel Weir Dam in 1830 raised the lake's water level about 12 feet to its present full pond level of 266 feet. The Cumberland and Oxford Canal Company constructed the dam at Wescott's Falls, Sebago Lake's natural outlet, to divert water to a newly constructed navigational canal. SAPPI is the current owner of the dam and manages the lake's water levels in compliance with various regulatory agencies.
However, Sebago Lake is much more than a water supply; it is well-known and loved for its recreational activities. The Sebago Lake State Park is one of Maine's five original state parks and covers 1,400 acres. It is open May through mid-October with sandy beaches, a boat ramp, a camping area, and day use facilities. The park provides visitors many opportunities to enjoy nature: swimming, boating, sport fishing, hiking woodland trails, and biking on park roads.
Sebago Lake is connected to Long Lake and Brandy Pond through the surviving locks from the old canal that was constructed between Portland and Naples in 1830. While in Naples, visitors can board the 90-foot paddle boat, the Songo River Queen, for a scenic tour on Long Lake, across Brandy Pond, and through the Songo River lock to Sebago Lake. Visitors can rent pontoon boats, ski boats, and jet skis from Sebago Lake marinas. Sailboat rentals and sailing lessons are also available on the lake.
Frye Island is a green jewel in the center of Sebago Lake. It lies about 1/4 mile off Raymond Cape, and is accessible by two car ferries named the Leisure Lady and the Ellie Corliss. The Frye Island community of approximately 450 homes is open May through October. Swimming and water skiing are popular activities from the island's many sandy beaches.
Known as the "home of the land-locked salmon", Sebago is an excellent fishing lake. When the glaciers retreated at the end of the Ice Age, the watershed was under sea water. Salmon populations were established as the sea water eventually retreated. Other popular fish are lake trout, brook trout, brown trout, smallmouth bass, largemouth bass and northern pike. Of note: northern pike were introduced to the lake illegally, so anglers are encouraged to keep (not release) and notify the state of all northern pike that they catch.
Sebago Lake is an exciting winter destination, too, with snowmobiling, alpine and cross-country skiing, snowshoeing, ice skating, ice fishing, and snow tubing. The Winterfest and Derby in February features an ice fishing tournament, the Sebago Lake Snowmobile Speedrun, the Sebago Lake Cross Country Ski Race, and the Polar Ice Dip!
Copyright © 2007-2016 Lakelubbers LLC. All Rights Reserved.
Please LINK to our homepage or to
this Sebago Lake page. | <urn:uuid:847f43ab-4a78-4363-9d9a-0ee5df9f70ca> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.lakelubbers.com/sebago-lake-14/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719286.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00498-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940214 | 807 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Bill — Schedule 2 — Allowed to Vote if in Queue by 10pm — 18 Oct 2010 at 22:15
MP, did not vote.
The majority of MPs voted not to allow registered voters who are in the polling station queue when the polls close at 10pm to vote.
The section of the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Bill to be amended (page 37 line 26) reads:
- A ballot paper must be delivered to a voter who applies for one, subject to any provision of these rules to the contrary.
the amendment proposed adding
- 'including any validly registered voter who presents himself to the polling station before 10 pm but, because of a queue, is not immediately able to vote'.
Particularly given the confusing result of adding the extra phrase after "rules to the contrary", rather than after "applies for one", it was helpful of the MP proposing the amendment, Chris Bryant, to explain the intent of his amendment during the debate:
- The amendment seeks to rectify the situation that we saw in the general election this year, when, as hon. Members will know, in several constituencies around the land people turned up to vote at 9.40 pm, 9.45 pm, 9.50 pm or 9.55 pm, but could not cast their ballots. Indeed, they were not provided with ballot papers because they could not get through the doors, as there were queues of people wanting to vote.
At Prime Minister's questions on the 10th of November 2010 Nick Clegg (standing in for the Prime Minister) explained why he did not vote for this proposed new clause. He said the solution was not legislation, but better resources for returning officers.
- Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Bill as introduced
- Section of Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Bill as introduced containing p.37
- Chris Bryant, House of Commons, 18th October 2010
Votes by party, red entries are votes against the majority for that party.
What is Tell? '+1 tell' means that in addition one member of that party was a teller for that division lobby.
What are Boths? An MP can vote both aye and no in the same division. The boths page explains this.
What is Turnout? This is measured against the total membership of the party at the time of the vote.
|Party||Majority (No)||Minority (Aye)||Both||Turnout|
|Con||282 (+1 tell)||1||0||92.8%|
|Lab||0||216 (+2 tell)||0||84.5%|
|LDem||55 (+1 tell)||0||0||98.2%|
|Philip Hollobone||Kettering||Con (front bench)||aye| | <urn:uuid:d95a03e9-f32b-45b6-83ab-808184e011c5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.publicwhip.org.uk/division.php?date=2010-10-18&number=82&mpn=Stephen_Pound&mpc=Ealing_North&house=commons | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00478-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949666 | 598 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Pope Benedict XVI marked Christmas Eve with Mass in St. Peter's Basilica and a pressing question: Will people find room in their hectic, technology-driven lives for children, the poor and God? The pontiff also prayed that Israelis and Palestinians live in peace and freedom, and asked the faithful to pray for Syria, Lebanon, and Iraq. The ceremony began at 10pm local time—two hours earlier than tradition so that the 85-year-old pontiff might rest before his Christmas Day speech tomorrow at midday—with the blare of trumpets, meant to symbolize Christian joy over the news of Christ's birth in Bethlehem. The basilica's main bell tolled outside, and the voices of the Vatican's boys' choir wafted across the packed venue.
"The great moral question of our attitude toward the homeless, toward refugees and migrants takes on a deeper dimension: Do we really have room for God when he seeks to enter under our roof?" the pope said. "The faster we can move, the more efficient our time-saving appliances become, the less time we have. And God? The question of God never seems urgent." Benedict earlier in the evening lighted a Christmas peace candle in the window of his private residence, drawing a cheer from the faithful gathered below. | <urn:uuid:2e380cdb-3e94-4c40-a0ba-7550085812d9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.newser.com/story/159840/pope-lights-christmas-candle.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00332-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946796 | 262 | 1.890625 | 2 |
President Mahmoud Abbas on Saturday joined a campaign to stop Palestinians buying goods produced by illegal Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank, urging all Palestinians to shun the products.
Thousands of young Palestinians began a door-to-door campaign on Tuesday against products made in Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank.
The 75-year old Palestinian leader opened his door to volunteers distributing leaflets detailing products from furniture to soft drinks which the Ramallah-based Palestinian Authority has banned from Palestinian markets.
"I call on all Palestinian citizens to do the same and to boycott these goods," said Abbas, speaking in public for the first time about a campaign spearheaded by his prime minister, Salam Fayyad.
"It is not necessary, under any circumstances, for us to consume goods originating from settlements that were established on our territory," he said in Ramallah, where he met members of the movement that organised the boycott.
"We are very happy that our young people... went voluntarily to empty Palestinian homes of products from the settlements," Abbas added.
He put a sticker on his door declaring his house "free of settlement goods".
By banning settlement goods, the Palestinians aim to encourage European Union member states to ban trade with enterprises in the settlements, which are considered illegal under international law.
Abbas signed a presidential decree in April stipulating punishments ranging from fines to imprisonment for Palestinians dealing in settlement goods. The Palestinian Authority also aims to stop Palestinians from working in the Israeli enclaves.
Palestinian officials estimate the value of settlement goods sold in the Palestinian market at up to $500 million. The settlements employ around 25,000 Palestinians.
Interstate Aviation Committee will analyze flight recorders of cargo plane that crashes Monday near Kyrgyz capital
Al-Qaeda linked militant group Al-Mourabitoun claims responsibility for attack on Malian military base
Mexican migrants are scrambling in an effort to reach the US before Trump takes over
The quakes, all measuring more than five magnitude, struck close to Amatrice, the mountain town devastated by an August earthquake that left nearly 300 people dead.
During his campaign, Trump said he would "bomb the shit" out of ISIL and claimed to have a secret plan to quickly defeat the group.
He had avoided home after a warning that Hamas security forces were looking for him due to his role as an organiser of recent protests over severe electricity shortages.
Jammeh's mandate ended at midnight (local and GMT) but he has steadfastly refused to leave office after losing elections last month to Adama Barrow
Dwindling popular support, corruption scandals and rampant in-fighting mean that the contest looks set to be a bitter battle exposing divisions at the heart of the party.
A right wing gathering on Saturday comes ahead of closely-watched votes in key eurozone countries in coming months.
MONUSCO spokesman says no M23 rebels have crossed from Uganda into Congolese territory
'Nowhere has the UN's failure been more consistent, and more outrageous, than its bias against' Israel, Nikki Haley says
All 395 lawmakers participate in vote; bill expected to be approved Friday
"I am noticing a trend here that the smugglers are now using Slovakia," the Kurier daily cited Hans-Peter Doskozil as saying in its online edition.
Leaders talk about importance of increasing joint efforts to de-escalate tensions in southeastern Ukraine
Threats in 17 states on both coasts come just over a week after similar calls led to the evacuation of over 16 Jewish locations across the eastern U.S. | <urn:uuid:c4a50754-ecfe-4078-adff-3b8800f93b54> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=58941 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00137-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963971 | 720 | 1.539063 | 2 |
One fewer holdout on India’s biometrics-linked food distribution network
The populous Indian state of Delhi decided this week to participate in a ration card program linked to the nation’s Aadhaar biometric ID system.
Delhi was one of four states that had not implemented the One Nation, One Ration Card program through which migrant workers and their families can get their monthly guaranteed discounted rations of foods and other essentials anywhere in the nation.
The biometric program is part of the reform of India’s aging Public Distribution System, which has grown more easy to defraud and to steal from over the years.
Prior to the national ration program, migrants could only collect their raw foodstuffs at a state-designated store near their home. That, of course, would make it impossible for those working long distances from home to make use of the program.
Family members can buy their own discounted rations — typically wheat, rice and coarse grains — even as one or more of their number works in a distant Indian location.
One Nation, One Ration Card links a person’s customary ration card with an electronic point-of-sale terminal that reads fingerprint biometrics. The person’s Aadhaar number is part of the ID verification process. Terminals are located only in about 2,000 so-called fair price shops specially regulated by the national government.
Behind the scenes are two databases, the Integrated Management of Public Distribution System (IM-PDS) and Annavitaran. IM-PDS holds interstate transactions and Annavitaran holds inter- and intra-district records.
Political leaders in Delhi held out, according to reports, because of significant problems with the terminals. In fact, they shut the network down in 2018 because authentication was faulty, resulting in participants being denied benefits.
India’s Supreme Court was unsympathetic to the holdouts, requiring full implementation of the ration plan by July 31. The nation’s executive branch in 2020 had offered loans to offset COVID-19 costs, but only if a state legislature had implemented the new ration system.
Aadhaar is perhaps the world’s most prominent national biometric ID system, and continues to become more deeply enmeshed in government services.
The growth has not come without controversy.
Snafus and alleged indifference to indigent Indians by state and national governments has reportedly resulted in citizens starving to death when legitimate beneficiaries were misidentified as fraudsters. | <urn:uuid:03fa39e3-18f7-4cbc-880c-4f28ec1ee1a6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.biometricupdate.com/202107/one-fewer-holdout-on-indias-biometrics-linked-food-distribution-network | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.964383 | 512 | 1.867188 | 2 |
[The following note describes a series of company records and has no images attached to it. To view the images in the records described here, use the "Which Series Notes?" button to enter the Series Notes or use the "Next Text" button to move to the first item in the series.]
The Edison Ore Milling Co., Ltd. (EOMC) was organized in December 1879 to exploit Edison's ore milling patents in the United States and abroad. The records cover the period 1884-1908 and include correspondence, agreements, proxies, lists of stockholders, receipts, trial balances, and accounts payable. They deal mainly with the board of directors, income from royalties, tax obligations, and legal expenses. Included are drafts of agreements between EOMC and Edison (1892), and Walter S. Mallory (1888). Several letters from 1907 and 1908 contain comments by Edison on the fate of the company and the reasons for its demise. A finding aid is available at the Edison National Historical Park.
Approximately 30 percent of the documents have been selected. Those documents not selected include routine correspondence, proxies, and receipts. The company's minute book, including the "Proposed Plan of Reorganization" (1886), can be found in Thomas A. Edison Papers, Part II (1879-1886). Most of the records for the period 1879-1886 were integrated into the Document file and published in Part II.
The documents appear in the following order: (1) Administrative Records; (2) Financial Records. Courtesy of Thomas Edison National Historical Park. | <urn:uuid:5526f0dd-c0ac-4e09-b244-eb3ef773ed40> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://edison.rutgers.edu/NamesSearch/glocpage.php3?gloc=CG002A9 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00501-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938922 | 325 | 1.851563 | 2 |
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