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2 Answers | Add Yours
Concerning the two speeches you refer to from two different acts of Shakespeare's Hamlet, it sounds like you have a pretty good handle on what Hamlet is saying in the first speech, but maybe not such a good handle on what Hamlet is saying in the second.
Hamlet is depressed in Act 2.2. He is suffering from the death of his father and the hasty remarriage of his mother to his uncle. Shakespeare apparently understood many aspects of what we now call psychology, and his presentation of Hamlet here demonstrates one such aspect. Hamlet amplifies his own feelings and situations and applies them to Scotland and the world. In other words, he sees his situation as indicative and reflective of the state of existence. Everything is rotten, not just his situation. That is the gist of what he says in Act 2.2.
In Act 2.4, he's simply expaining to Horatio the partying that his uncle is doing. When he mentions his mind, he is just saying the equivalent of "To my way of thinking," or "As I see it." He explains how heavy drinking hurts Denmark's reputation, etc.
The speeches aren't directly related. One thing they do have in common, though, is that they show Hamlet's dislike of his uncle.
Hamlet refers to himself as a first person. In act one scene two hamlet, was taking about flesh melting and it thawing intodew, it everlasting and self slauger. He also talked about god,being weary seamed to all the uses of the world. an unweeded garden that grows a seed. this ranks and gross in nature. Like Niobe, all tears , why she? In Act 1 scene 4 he is talking abouthis mind and marry and drunkards and soil to his own scandal.
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You have probably long known that getting a good night’s sleep is an important part of a healthy lifestyle. However, as you have gotten older and the responsibilities of family and job have taken your attention, you may have discounted just how important sleep is.
Americans value hard work, which for many translates into long hours at work or bringing work home. For some, with technology at our finger tips, there is no clear boundary between work and home! Sleep, while not under-rated is under prioritized by many; some see it as a luxury afforded to few. Some wear “burning the candle at both ends” like a badge of honor.
Consequences of Poor Sleep
If sleep is an issue for you, the consequences are frightening. Sleep deprivation effects range from poor concentration and memory to mood disorders like anxiety and depression; from inability to lose weight to high blood pressure and diabetes; from speeding up the aging process to early death! The bottom line is you may not be able to get the textbook 7-9 hours a night recommended to most adults, but making the sleep you get as restorative as possible will positively impact your quality of life today and the manifestation of your dreams for your future.
Understanding Your Symptoms
The first step to getting your sleep cycles back in gear is understanding what affects sleep in the first place. As they say “knowing is half the battle.” Make an appointment with your provider today if you suffer from sleep deprivation. You will discover what exactly is impacting your sleep and together you will come up with a plan to get your sleep back.
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Isha has been pioneering the field of cellular agriculture since 2009, when she began a deep-dive investigation into the technical challenges and opportunities involved in producing cultured meat. In 2010 Isha published "Possibilities for an in-vitro meat production system" in the food science journal Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies.
She quickly discovered that cellular agriculture research was not held back by a lack of interest or expertise, but instead by a lack of designated funding channels directed at this intersectional work. Thus began her quest to establish the field of animal products made without animals, one recognized by researchers, funding agencies, and investors.
A stint in Policy and Public Affairs at GlaxoSmithKline illuminated the cooperative relationship between non-profits, academia, and companies in translating beneficial science out of the lab and into society. Isha has used a model established in the advancement of medical research to accelerate cellular agriculture, by funding early stage, foundational research in academia in order for ready-to-market technologies to be developed for commercial use.
Isha became Executive Director of New Harvest in January 2013. She co-founded Muufri, making milk without cows, in April 2014 and Clara Foods, making eggs without chickens, in November 2014.
Isha has a BSc. in Cell and Molecular Biology from the University of Alberta and a Masters in Biotechnology from the University of Toronto.
Isha enjoys rooftops, houseplants, long walks through the city, and the freedom of not owning a car.
Erin holds a BA in Women's and Gender Studies and Human Geography from the University of British Columbia, and a JD from the University of Alberta with a specialization in Environmental Law.
Erin started out at as one of New Harvest's first volunteers in 2014, balancing her studies with writing content and handling social media. Her long held interests in futurism, sustainability, and global catastrophic risk mitigation led Erin to the discovery of animal products made without animals, and she spent much of her time as a law student diving deep into the world of cellular agriculture.
Following the completion of her law degree, she took on the role of Communications Director full-time, handling relations with media and making the science of cellular agriculture accessible to the public. Prior to working in cell ag, Erin spent time in legal advocacy at Pivot Legal Society and many years working in special education in Vancouver, Canada.
Erin loves having grown up in the Pacific Northwest, yoga, dance, quoting Seinfeld, and watching bad reality TV.
Daan is a molecular biologist and tissue engineer with diverse, hands-on laboratory experience in DNA sequencing, mass spectrometry, chromatography, cell culture and tissue engineering.
Daan has a BSc. in Molecular Biology from the University of Applied Sciences Leiden, and a MSc. in Science-Based Business from the University of Leiden. Daan has worked for BaseClear group as a DNA sequencing technician; at Leiden University on using mass spectrometry for protein identification and tissue imaging, and at the University of Utrecht on cost-effective protein extraction techniques for mass spectrometry.
During his bachelor's degree, Daan discovered his passion for tissue engineering for the purposes of creating cultured meat. He began focusing his education towards cultured meat development, leading him to perform research at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, on the vascularization of scaffolds.
Most recently, Daan worked on the cultured meat project at Maastricht University in the lab of Professor Mark Post. His work was specifically focused on scaling technologies, developing a microcarrier bead system for satellite cell expansion. Daan joined New Harvest in the spring of 2016, where he is mobilizing the scientific community to advance the field of cellular agriculture through strategic, co-designed research projects.
Daan is passionate about science - especially biology, physics, and astronomy. His music style of choice is Italo Disco which he loves to dance to.
Board of Directors
Scott built his career by identifying new markets and shaping innovative products for them. In 1995, he identified search engines as a significant advertising medium and invented the first products to automate marketing across multiple search engines, ultimately creating the bid-for-placement business model. As an initial investor and Director at PayPal, he was a co-inventor of the 'email payments' product now widely used on eBay. In 2000, Scott saw opportunity in the rapid growth of email traffic, co-founding IronPort Systems and serving as CTO. Scott is now a successful angel investor with past or present investments in Zappos, Ekso Bionics, Practice Fusion, ClassPass, Bell Biosystems, Bridge International Academies, Moon Express, Postmates, Thumbtack, and Uber.
Jason Matheny founded New Harvest in 2004. He became director of Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) in 2015, after serving as a program manager, associate office director, and office director. He previously worked for the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University, where his work focused on existential risks, the World Bank, the Center for Biosecurity, the Center for Global Development, the Applied Physics Laboratory, and on national security projects for the US government. He holds a PhD in Applied Economics from Johns Hopkins University, an MPH from Johns Hopkins, an MBA from Duke University, and a BA from the University of Chicago. He has published on biotechnology, neurotechnology, risk analysis, demography, economics, and bioethics.
Board of Advisors
Ryan is a scientist, entrepreneur, and biohacker best known for his work as Program Director and Venture Partner at Indie.Bio, a biology accelerator and early stage seed fund. Bethencourt's also former head of life sciences at the XPRIZE foundation, a co-founder and CEO of Berkeley Biolabs, a biotech accelerator, and Halpin Neurosciences, an ALS therapeutics-focused biotech company. Bethencourt also co-founded Counter Culture Labs, a citizen science nonprofit, and Sudo Room, a hacker space based in downtown Oakland, California.
Dr Ellis studied for a BEng in Chemical & Bioprocess Engineering and a PhD in Biochemical Engineering at The University of Bath. After a year as a postdoctoral researcher she took up an academic position in 2005. She is an Associate Member of the IChemE, a committee member of the Biochemical Engineering Special Interest Group (BESIG). and a Deputy-Director of the Centre for Regenerative Medicine.
Dr Ellis's research aims to address the challenges of scale-up that are currently being faced in tissue engineering. The work is focused on upstream bioprocessing for tissue engineering, specifically designing and fabricating bioreactors for large-scale cell culture. She applies the chemical engineering principles of 'unit operations' and the relevant fluid dynamics, mass transfer and reaction kinetics to enable biological advances to be translated into a viable product for use in the clinic.
Cellular agriculture entrepreneur
Andras is an entrepreneur and venture investor in technology and life science. He co-founded Modern Meadow in 2011. Previously, he had also co-founded Organovo, a leader in tissue engineering which pioneered the use of 3D bio-printing to create human tissue for a range of medical applications. Organovo’s bio-printer was named one of the top inventions of 2010 by Time Magazine and the company was recognized by MIT Technology Review on its TR50 list of most innovative companies for 2012.
Andras also served as Managing Director with Richmond Global, an international technology-focused venture fund. Previously, Andras was a consultant in the New York office of McKinsey & Company focused on biopharma and private equity. Earlier, he was a founding member of Citigroup’s corporate and investment banking e-commerce group where he led a team that developed award winning financial technology products and advised large cap corporate clients on a range of corporate finance challenges.
He is also co-founder and Chairman Emeritus of the international non-profit Resolution Project. Andras is a Kauffman Fellow with the Center for Venture Education and a Term Member with the Council on Foreign Relations. Andras holds an MBA from the Wharton School of Business and a Bachelor of Arts with honors from Harvard University.
Cellular agriculture pioneer
Professor Mark Post is a medical doctor who has had several appointments as assistant professor at Utrecht University, Harvard University, as associate professor at Dartmouth college, and as full professor at Eindhoven University of Technology and Maastricht University. He currently holds the chair of the Physiology Department at Maastricht University.
His main research interest is the engineering of tissues for medical applications and for food. The medical applications focus on the construction of blood vessels that can be used as grafts for coronary artery bypass grafting. Tissue engineering for food has lead to the development of cultured beef from bovine skeletal muscle stem cells in an effort to supplement and perhaps transform the traditional meat production through livestock. Dr Post co-authored 150 papers in leading peer-reviewed scientific journals and received during his career close to 30 million dollars in funding and awards from different sources including government, charity and industry. In August 2013, he presented the world’s first hamburger from cultured beef.
Adam Sender is the founder and chief investment officer of Sender Company & Partners, a hedge fund specializing in market volatility. Previously, Mr. Sender managed Exis Capital Management from 1998 to 2014. Mr. Sender started the Sender Collection in 1998, and over time has evolved into a distinguished and well-known collection of contemporary art that has ranked amongst the top 100 art collections in the world. Mr. Sender has generously supported exhibitions and institutions around the world through financial contributions and the loan of artwork. He serves on the board of MOCA LA and has a number of significant relationships with museums and non-profit organizations. Mr. Sender received Bachelor of Arts in History from the University of Michigan in 1991. He is an active philanthropist in causes ranging from The National September 11 Memorial to The Clinton Foundation, The Woodstock Animal Sanctuary and PETA.
Amy Wolfcale is the CEO and Founder of two brand strategy consultancies, Falcon and Wolf and Thought Leadership Strategies. She has led global branding, communications and marketing for some of the world's most iconic brands including Dow Jones, The Wall Street Journal, the MONEY Group at Time Inc., Consumer Reports, and The Markle Foundation. She helps brands understand how to tell their stories effectively in a multi-channel world and how to build loyal, engaged communities in an era of infinite distraction. She specializes in traditional media relations, social media strategies, mobile and digital programs, marketing, advertising, and public affairs. Her brand strategies are credited with building global brands and increasing awareness and market share while driving revenue. She also teaches social media strategy and strategic communications at the NYU School of Professional Studies. She frequently advises clients on sustainability programs, corporate social responsibility initiatives, and strategic partnerships. She holds a Masters in International Relations from the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies. | <urn:uuid:745a0485-5a64-4812-a40f-8c745c7c047d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.new-harvest.org/people | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00032-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953383 | 2,278 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Republican Donald Trump has been elected as the 45th president of the United States in an election that went into the early hours of the morning on Nov. 9. Research now shows that evangelicals were a key factor in Trump’s victory.
One commentator noted that “This was the largest turnout of evangelical voters in American history.”
Despite many evangelicals’ reservations about voting for Trump, Christianity Today notes that research shows four in five white evangelicals voted for him.
White evangelical Christians voted for Trump over Hillary Clinton 81 percent to just 16 percent.
Evangelicals of color, however, preferred Clinton. These evangelicals represent two in five of all evangelicals.
Political commentators said that Trump made much more of an effort than Clinton to court the vote of evangelicals.
“The fact of the matter is that in this race only one of the two major party candidates even pretended to care about white evangelicals,” tweeted Obama’s former faith advisor Michael Wear.
Although some evangelical leaders such as Russell Moore, Denny Burk, and Max Lucado remained firmly against Trump, many other evangelical leaders such as Robert Jeffress and Jerry Falwell, Jr., the president of Liberty University where Trump spoke several times, were enthusiastic Trump supporters.
Research also shows that evangelicals made up one in four of all voters in the 2016 election. Other demographics that voted heavily for Trump were Republican men (90 percent), Republican women (89 percent), and conservatives (81 percent).
“We are going to see continuing rifts among evangelical leaders in the coming years, and much of the debate will be about how to respond as Christians to the many challenges of pluralism in American public life,” concluded Kevin den Dulk, a political science professor at Calvin College.
After his victory, at about 2:45 a.m. on Nov. 9, Trump gave a victory speech that many applauded as being conciliatory and gracious. In the speech, Trump also thanked his supporters and his family and said the victory belonged to “us,” and not to him alone.
Photo courtesy: Thinkstockphotos.com
Publication date: November 9, 2016 | <urn:uuid:1e7bfe9a-611e-4896-ad6a-326a75ae1506> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.christianheadlines.com/blog/evangelicals-key-group-in-propelling-trump-to-victory.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00233-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976032 | 441 | 1.640625 | 2 |
How to make candle holders
Candle flame always fills the house comfort, warmth and comfort. Evening dinner shrouded romance and quiet conversations.
We show how to make original candle holders from simple materials !
Glass is the most suitable material for the safe use of candles. Take a glass cup, which will serve as a candle holders.
Use tracing vellum paper , which will make the candle holder tenderness and ease. Tear the paper to arbitrary strips. Then glue widest strips to a glass. So do a number of layers, narrowing each subsequent layer.
Glue paper with a picture and decorate candle holder with beads and lace to your taste. Put inside a glass candle, light it and admire … | <urn:uuid:321cf7fe-236a-4ac1-bcdb-a81daf6e59e1> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.artideascrafts.com/candle-holders/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988725475.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183845-00509-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.860174 | 145 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Heart of Darkness, Youth and the End of the Tether
Main Market Ed.
Heart of Darkness, Youth and the End of the Tether by Joseph Conrad
Book DescriptionHeart of Darkness is a short and vividly brutal account of colonial enterprise that has as much in common with the jaded Evelyn Waugh of Black Mischief as it does with any of Conrad's direct contemporaries in late 19th and early 20th century. It has managed to retain the fascination of readers and scholars to a far greater extent than his other fine works, such as the more conventionally novelistic tale of South American political chicanery and greed in Nostromo and the substantially more page-turning thriller The Secret Agent. It is accompanied in this volume by the tales with which it has been published since 1902: the autobiographical short story Youth, and the less personal but more substantial tale of an old man's fall from fortune, The End of the Tether. Though these stories differ considerably in style and content from his later novels, much of his reputation rests upon the words contained in this volume.With an Afterword by David Pinching.
Buy Heart of Darkness, Youth and the End of the Tether book by Joseph Conrad from Australia's Online Bookstore, Boomerang Books.
Book DetailsISBN: 9781904919865
(157mm x 100mm x 20mm)
Imprint: Macmillan Collector's Library
Publisher: Pan Macmillan
Publish Date: 1-Sep-2006
Country of Publication: United Kingdom
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Author Biography - Joseph Conrad
Joseph Conrad was born to Polish parents in the Ukraine on 3rd December 1857. He grew up surrounded by upheaval. His father was exiled to northern Russia for political activities and although they eventually returned to Poland, Conrad was orphaned by the age of 11. Subsequently he was taught by his uncle, a great influence and mentor. Leaving for Marseilles in 1874, Conrad began his training as a seaman. After an attempt at suicide, Conrad joined the British merchant navy and became a British subject in 1886. After his first novel, Almayer's Folly was published in 1895 he left the sea behind and settled down to a life of writing. Indeed, as his wife wrote in 1927, he would move only "from his table to his bed, for days and days on end". Troubled financially for many years, he faced uncomplimentary critics and an indifferent public. He finally became a popular success with Chance (1913). By the end of his life on 3rd August 1924 his status as one of the great writers of his time was assured.
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SGI slashes 15 per cent of its workforce
The computers are super - business, not so much
Supercomputer maker Silicon Graphics announced late last Thursday that it would be slashing 15 per cent of its 1,500-person workforce to lower costs.
In a statement Bo Ewald, SGI's chief executive officer, blamed the recession in the United States, for the layoffs along with the weakened global economy, and the related credit crunch, which are all making SGI's academic and government customers rethink their supercomputer budgets. But Ewald (or at least his speechwriter) put out the requisite optimistic statement to help investors and the remaining employees at the company not lose hope.
"Today's difficult but necessary actions will help us retain some momentum and a stronger, sustainable business model," Ewald explained in that statement. "With a fine-tuned business model, we will be leaner and more focused, and will continue to build on the company cornerstones that we established last year."
In June 2007, SGI embraced x64 parallel clusters and launched an innovative blade form factor, called the Altix ICE line, when it became clear that the company's Linux-Itanium global memory systems, the Altix 4700s, were not going to be the salvation that SGI had originally hoped they would be. While these machines have sold reasonably well, SGI has struggled to grow sales and has lost lots of money.
For the first nine months in 2008, SGI generated $265.7m in sales, but racked up $108.6m in losses. The company's fiscal year ends in June, and the company's revenues for fiscal 2008, at $354.1m, were less than half of the $842m SGI booked five years ago in fiscal 2004 - and back then SGI lost $109.8m that year, too. SGI has lost money every year except in fiscal 2007, and the numbers are a little weird there because SGI went into Chapter 11 bankruptcy in May 2006 and came out of it the following October, and was able to rejig its product lines and financials.
A few days prior to announcing the layoffs, SGI was served a delisting notification from the NASDAQ market where its shares are traded because its market capitalization had slipped below the $35m floor required by the exchange. As we go to press today, SGI's shares are trading at $3 a pop, giving it a market cap of $34.8m. SGI's stock has to get above that $35m level and stay there for ten days or it has to have net income from continuing operations of at least $500,000 in its most recently completed fiscal year (or two out of three of the past fiscal years) to continue trading.
So what will SGI do to try to boost sales and therefore its stock price? Well, the company just announced that it has boosted the global shared memory on the Altix 4700 line to 8 TB. NASA Ames, which has a 2,048-core Itanium machine with 4 TB of memory under control of a single copy of Linux, might be interested in an upgrade.
There are a bunch of other customers that already have 6 TB or 6.5 TB installed, and maybe this larger memory space - which is useful for certain code sets - can attract new customers. But really, this is just more of the same until SGI gets Altix machines using "Tukwila" quad-core Itaniums, with their fast QuickPath Interconnect, into the field.
Interestingly, there has been no confirmation from SGI that it will even ship such boxes when Intel gets Tukwila out the door. SGI might just do machines based on the "Nehalem" Xeons and offer blades that can be configured with dedicated or global shared memory. If I was SGI and I was trying to cut manufacturing costs and boost sales, that is what I would do.
SGI said in its statement that it would "adapt its business plan to today's economic reality" and that it would "eliminate costs that are not aligned with the refined business plan". That could mean almost anything. The real nugget in the statement was that SGI would be trying to shift more sales to the channel, as it has done in Japan and Korea. ® | <urn:uuid:abb7ba5f-5e61-4b70-b74b-3cd54eb9da5f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/12/15/sgi_layoffs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00140-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975435 | 897 | 1.625 | 2 |
Bail: The system by which a person awaiting trial, or appeal, may be freed by a member of court pending the next hearing.
Common Law: Law based on the custom of the realm and the decisions of judges through the centuries rather than on an Act of Parliament.
Privilege: A defence, absolute or qualified, against an action for libel which attaches to reports produced from certain events, documents or statements.
Indictable Offence: A charge which may be tried by a jury at Crown Court, which will therefore be either an indictable-only offence or an either-way offence.
Defendant: An individual, company, or institution that is being sued/accused in a court of law.
Counsel: A barrister, not a solicitor.
Acquittal: A judgement that a person is not guilty of the crime with which the person has been charged i.e. "the trial resulted in an acquittal".
Committal Hearing: A hearing in a magistrates court at which magistrates sitting as examining justices decide if there is sufficient evidence to commit a defendant facing an indictable or either way charge to Crown Court for trial. Usually there are now no more than formalities.
Legal Terms: Part 2
Injunction: A court order requiring someone, or an organization, to do something specified by the court, or forbidding a specific activity or act.
Summary Trial: A trial at a magistrates court.
Contemporaneous: Existing or occuring in the same period of time.
In Chambers: Used to describe the hearing of an application, which takes place in the judge's room. If there is no legal reason for such a hearing to be held in private, journalists who want to report it should e admitted in 'practicable'.
Precedent: An earlier event or action regarded as an example or guide to be considered in subsequent similar consequences.
Claimant: Previously known as a plaintiff. The person who takes an action to enforce a claim in the civil court.
Two Types of Law
Criminal Law: Deals with offences that are deemed to harm the community and therefore the soverign i.e. The Queen against Smith (is how it would be written).
Civil Law: Deals with private claims and the redress of private wrongs i.e. Brown vs. Smith; or Morrisey vs. IPC Media (is how it would be written).
- 12 people on a Jury
- Anyone can be a Jury member who is on the electoral roll chosen at random
- People are exempt from being a Jury member if they have a mental disbailty or a criminal record within the last 10 years
- The ages between 18-70 can be a Jury member
- When all Jury members agree on a verdict, it is known as unanimous
Section 8 of the Contempt of Court Act:
It is contempt to obtain, seek or disclose:
- Statements made
- Opinions expressed
- Arguements advanced
- Votes cast
By a Jury member during the trial and deliberations.
This applies even if the juror is not identified.
After a trial, the media could only report jurors' general impressions of jury service. No names or addresses.
Lord Chancellor - Chris Grayling MP
Attornery General (AG) - Dominc Grieve MP
Solicitor General - Oliver Heald MP
Director of Public Prosecutions - Alison Saunders
Crown Court Terms
2 Divisions of Law: Criminal and Civil
The Branches of the Legal Profession: Solicitors and Barristers
Head of the Judiciary: The Lord Chief Justice
What is ‘taking silk’: A senior barrister (i.e. with 10-15 years) experience can apply to become a Queen’s Counsellor (QC) (they were a silk gown in Court).
Arraignment: A defendant whose case is sent or committed for trial or transferred to a Crown Court is asked to plead guilty or not guilty to each charge on the indictment for formal please to be recorded. This process is known as arraignment. At Crown Courts, charges are referred to as 'counts'.
The Crown Courts
The Crown Courts:
- Handle serious criminal cases
- Trials, sentences or appeals from magistrates' court
- Six crown court areas (circuits)
- The Old Bailey is a Crown Court
- Judges now appointed by independent commission
Types of Crown Court Judges
Three types of Judges sit in Crown Court:
- High Court Judges - those who can sit in the High Court and Crown Courts. They are referred to as i.e. Mr Justice Smith. They wear red robes for criminal cases. Only they can try the most serious offences, such as murder, as they are the most experienced.
- Circuit Judges - they are referred to as Judge John Smith. They are barristers of at least 10 years standing, or solicitors who have been Recorders.
- Recorders - part-time Judges. They are barristers or solicitors who have held 'right of audience' (the right to represent clients) at Crown Court. Recorders are usually referred to as the Recorder, Mr John Smith or Mrs.
Routes to Crown Court
A case yet to be tried reaches a Crown Court because it has been:
- Sent for trial - from a magistrates court because it is an indictable-only charge
- Committed for trial - from a magistrates court if it is an either-way charge
- Commited for trial - from a youth court
- Transferred by a magistrates court - if it is an either-way fraud case deemed serious or complex, or an either-way case involving an alleged sexual or violent offence and a child witness
Indictment: A written statement of the charges which is put to the defendant at the arraignment at Crown Court.
Either-way Offence: One triable either summarily at magistrates court or before a jury at Crown Court. In an either-way case a defendant who has indictated a plea of not guilty has the right ot opt for jury trail at Crown Court. But if he/she choose to be tried by the magistrates court, it may overrule him/her by deciding the Crown Court should deal with his/her case.
Indictable-only Offence: One hat can only be tried by a jury at Crown Court.
The Guilty Plea
The Clerk of Court will ask the defendant to plead guilty or not guilty to each charge (count) on indictment. A plea will then be taken.
A Guilty Plea:
- No jury will be present
- The prosecution gives evidence, records or social inquiry reports
- Defendant or his/her lawyer will offer mitigation
- The Judge passes a sentence
- The case then becomes 'active'
Mitigation: A plea for leniency in the sentence due to imposed, citing extenuating circumstances, which is made in court or on behlaf of a convicted defendant.
Guilty Plea to All Charges:
- Automatic restrictions no longer apply
- Beware of 'mixed pleas' from defendant(s)
- If due to be more than one trial Judge may make s4(2) order under Contempt of Court Act (temporary ban)
Not Guilty Plea
- May be pre-trial or preparatory hearings – No jury but automatic reporting restrictions apply
- Hearings include legal rulings
- i.e. On admissisbiltiy of evidence to be heard; or bail
- Avoid SRSIP (Substantial Risk of Serious Impediment of Prejudice)
Bail: The system by which a person awaiting trail, or appeal, may be freed by a court pending the next hearing.
Substantial Risk of Serious Impediment of Prejudice (Prejudical Matter - SRSIP):
- Any reference to evidence in the case, apart from in charges
- Any previous convictions
- Applications for, and rulings on, admissibility of evidence
- Applications for those rulings to be varied or discharged
- Any other material with potential to create prejudice
Not Guilty Plea: Part 2
How the Guilty Plea Works:
- Jury sworn in ‘empanelled’ and told indictment
- Prosecution opens case and calls its witnesses
- Defence case
- Final speeches
- Judge sums up case for jury focusing on law not fact
- Jury decides on verdict – normally discharged before the person is sentenced
- Judge passes a sentence (after a victims family statement in some cases)
- The defence can appeal against conviction or sentence:
- The Judge (CoA) must grant ‘leave’
- Appeal is heard by Court of Appeal then Supreme Court
Restrictions on Reporting Pre-Trial Hearings
The automatic restrictions which limit media reports of some types of pre-trial hearings at Crown Courts are in various statutes, but of the same format. They restrict these reports to seven categories of information:
- Name of Crown Court and Judges name
- Names, ages, addresses, occupations of defendants and witnesses
- The charges, or a summary of them
- Names of solicitors and barristers in case
- Date and place to which proceedings are adjourned, if applicable
- Arrangements as to bail i.e. granted or refused (but not reasons for refusal), any conditions or surety
- Whether legal aid was granted
Surety: A person, usually a friend or relative of the defendant, to whom a court entrusts the responsibility to ensure that the defendant, having been given bail, returns to court on the due date. The surety may pledge a sum of money as guarantee that the defendant will answer bail, and risks losing it if the defendant fails to do so.
Legal Aid: Public money provided to pay for legal advice and legal representation in court for a party in a civil case or a defendant in a criminal case, if their income is low enough to qualify.
Types of Hearings
The types of hearings for which the above format of restrcitions apply are:
- Unsuccessful applications for a case to be dismissed prior to arraignment (Crime and Disorder Act, Criminal Justice Act). A defendant whose case is 'sent for trial' or 'transferred' to a Crown Court may apply to a Judge, before arraignment, for it to be dismissed because of insufficient evidence.
- Preparatory Hearings: These happen in serious cases where will be a complex, lengthy trial. This hearing marks the start of a trial, just prior to jury involvement. (Criminal Justice Act, Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act)
Relevant Business Information
Section 11 of the Criminal Justice Act 1987 allows journalists to report on 'relevant business info' at the hearing, even when the automatic restrictions are in place. This means the media can report:
- Any address used by the defendant for carrying on business of his/her own account
- The name of the business at 'any relevant time' i.e. when events which gave rise to the charges occurred
- The name and address of any firm in which he/she was a partner, or by which he/she was engaged in the business
- The name of any company of which was a director, or by which he/she was otherwise engaged, at any such time, and the address of its registered or principla office
- Any working address of the defendant in his/her capacity as a person engaged by any such company
Engaged: Means under a contract of service or a contract for services.
A Crown Court Judge can lift the restrictions, or lift them in part, to allow the media to publish contemporaneously fuller reports of such hearings.
- Judges have power to lift restrictions in full or in part
- Restrictions cease to apply following convictions or acquittal; or case dismissed
Case Study: Page 79 R v Chaytor and other
Penalty for Breach: Max £5000 fine, plus costs of collapsed trial (s93 Courts Act 2003)
Reporting Appeals Against Judge's Rulings:
- Prosecution has right to appeal against any ruling by judge, which would terminate all or part of a case
- S71 Criminal Justice Act: Automatic ban on reporting any crown Court discussion about such an appeal (TIP: Jury will be absent)
A judge initially asks a jury to reach a unanimous verdict on each charge - that is, a unanimous vote to acquit or convict:
- However, if a jury has retired to discuss the case for at least 2 hours and 10 minutes and has failed to reach a veridct, the judge can recall it to the courtroom to tell if that a majority verdict is acceptable (for each charge)
- For a full jury of 12, majority verdicts of the ratios 11-1 or 10-2 are acceptable
- If a jury is reduced in number for any reason, for example because 1 or 2 jurors have fallen ill during the trial, a majority of 10-1 or 9-1 is allowed
- If a defendant is convicted by a majority, rather than by a unanimous vote, the media should ideally report the fact that it was by a majority decision, as this indicates that one or two people disgareed with the 'guilty' veridct
- However, if they were convicted not guilty, you cannot report that they were ‘acquitted by a majority’
Contempt of Court Act, 1981:
- Section 8 makes it an offence to seek or disclose information about statements made, opinions expressed, arguments made, or votes cast by jury in course of its deliberations.
Introduction to PCC and ECP
There are no state controls in the UK on who can run or own newspapers, magazines, their online versions or any kind of website.
Newspapers, magazines, websites etc. are free to be partisan about social issues, and can support a political party. Journalists also have the right to publish (subject to restraints) their own fierce criticisms of those in the news (or anyone else).
But newspapers et al. owners must recognise that irresponsible journalism could lead Parliament to introduce some statutory systems of regulation.
The newspaper and mag industry created the PCC to keep the threat of statutory regulation at bay.
The PCC's Role
- Launched in 1991
- Replaced the Press Council - a self-regulatory body, which was slow and ineffective
- Has 17 Commissioners a.k.a. 'lay people' (not from media backgrounds:
- The Commissioners oversee complaints
- The cost of running the PCC was £1.83 million in 2010
- Collected by the Press Standrads Board of Finance, PressBof.
- Not all newspapers support the PCC
- January 2011 - Richard Desmond's Northern and Shell Group withdrew, taking magazines and newspapers: OK!, Daily and Sunday Express, Scottish Daily, Daily Star and Daily Star Sunday from the PCC's remit.
- In 2010 the PCC recieved more than 7,000 written complaints, 8.99 of which fell outside its remit
- In 2010, the PCC judged 750 complaints to have breached their code
- The PCC cannot force editors to publish adjudications
- Critics have argued that because the PCC has no power to impose a financial penalty, it is too weak to be effective
Adjudications: A formal judgement on a disputed matter.
The Editors' Code
The Editors Code:
- Has 16 clauses:
- Opportunity to reply
- Intrusion into grief or shock
- Children in sex cases
- Reporting of crime
- Clandestine devices and subterfuge
- Victims of sexual assault
- Financial Journalism
- Confidential Sources
- Witness payments in criminal trials
- Payment to criminals
Public Interest in the ECP
Breaching the Editors' Code is not a criminal offence or a civil tort.
Tort: A civil wrong for which monetary damagaes may be awarded if the person affected sues in civil law, i.e. defamtion, medical negligence.
Some clauses or sub-clauses in the code are marked with an asterisk (*), which indicates that breaches of these parts can be justified if an editor can say this was done 'in the public interest'.
The code adds 'the public interest' includes, but is not confied to:
- Detecting or exposing crime or serious impropriety
- Protecting public health and safety
- Preventing the public from being misled by an action or statemnet of an indivdual or organisation
Clause 1 & 2
Cluase 1: "The Press must take care not to publish inaccurate, misleading or distorted information including pictures"
Clause 2: "A fair opportunity for reply to inaccuracies must be given when reasonably called for"
Each year the majority - usually nearly 90% - of complaints to the PCC allege breaches of clauses 1 and/or 2.
Neither clause is subject to the public interest exception - there is no public interest inaccuracy.
Case Study: Adam Sheppard vs. Daily Star - September 27, 2010 (page 15)
Coverage of Suicides
Research has found that news of suicides may prompt others to take their own lives in the same way. To minimise the risk, clause 5 of the code says reports of suicides should avoid giving excessive detail about the method used.
The PCC reported an inquest into a suicide that breached the clause because it named the anti-depressant pills used and said how many were missing from the packet, leading to other suicides in the same manner.
(A Woman vs. The News (Portsmouth), adjudication issued Jan 28th, 2010)
Clause 10: i) "The press must not seek to obtain or publish material acquired by using hidden cameras or clandestine listening devices"
Clandestine: Kept secret or done secretively, especially because illicit.
It makes it clear that journalists should normally be open and transparent when seeking information or comment, making clear from the outset to anyone unfamiliar with them that they are journalists.
It also means that normally photography or filming must be done openly, and that eavesdropping by using 'bugs' or audio-recording by hidden microphones will breach the code because the activity is 'clandestine'.
BUT Clause 10 is subject to the public interest exceptions i.e. an undercover journalist. This can only be applied if any other tactics or methods in an open approach would not work.
Case Study: Mrs Jean Bellfield vs. Daily Mirror, adjudication issued July 23rd, 2009
Recording Phone Calls
Journalists, particulary those involved in investigations, may decide to record their own calls.
In the UK it is legal for one party in a phone conversation to record it, even if the other is unaware this is being done.
But a journalist who fails to declare in such a call that he/she is a journalist may breach the code's ban on subterfuge and misrepresentation [unless public interest applies].
BUT intercepting a phone call - using external technology to hack directly or 'tap' into a phone system to listen or record would breach the code and be illegal. This was demonstrated by the scandal which closed the News of the World in July 2011.
Clause 12 of the code bans publication of pejorative material which discriminates on grounds of race, religion, sexual orinetation, gender, disability or physical or mental illness.
References to any of the above MUST be genuinely relevant to the story, or this would breach the code.
Case Study: Clare Balding vs. The Sunday Times, adjudication September 17th, 2010.
The PCC's Future
The biggest press scandal in recent years has been that of journalists, or colluding private detectives, secretly and illegally 'hacking' into people's mobile phones to hear their private messages.
These recommendations seem highly likely to lead to radical reform or replacement of the PCC, which had already been widely crticised for failing to recognise or properly investigate the extent of hacking.
Journalism broadcast on television and radio in the UK is regulated by statute.
Statute: An act of Parliament - that is, primary legislation created by Parliament.
The Office of Communications (Ofcom) is the independent regulator, adjudicates on complaints against broadcast journalists.
Ofcom says that broadcasters must be: impartial when covering political or social issues, be accurate, treat people fairly, respect privacy, avoid causing harm and offence. They can then impose substantial fines for breaches of the code.
Roles of Ofcom:
- Commercial broadcasters cannot transmit without a licence from Ofcom, which began in 2003
- Ofcom had a budget of £115.8 million in 2011/12
- They are funded mainly by licence fees paid by broadcasters and Gov. funds
- They also regulate phone services
- The Communications Act 2003 and the Broadcasting Act 1996 require Ofcom to draw up standards for programme content
- Web content is not a subject to Ofcom rules as it is not considered a broadcast material
If Ofcom upholds a complaint, it can:
- Direct that a programme should not be repeated
- The broadcaster must air a correction or a statement
- Impose a fine if the broadcaster breaches the code serious or reckless
- Shorten or suspend the broadcasters licence
- Worst case: revoke it, i.e. close the station
- Ofcom cannot shorten, suspend or revoke the licences at the BBC, S4C or Channel 4 - they are public service broadcasters
- They can fine the BBC or S4C up to £250,000 for a code breach
- Other broadcasters, the maximum fine is £250,000 or 5% of the broadcasters qulifying revenue
In 2008, Ofcom fined ITV plc a total of £5,675,000 for multiple breaches which involved the misleading of viewers in a phone-in competition.
Case Study: ITC Press Release and the Guardian, December 18th 1998
The Ofcom Code
The Ofcom Broadcasting Code:
- Section 1 - Protecting Under 18's
- Section 2 - Avoiding harm or offence
- Section 3 - Covering crime
- Section 4 - Covering religion
- Section 5 - Due impartiality and due accuracy and undue prominence of views and opinions
- Section 6 - Covering leections and referendums
- Section 7 - Fairness
- Section 8 - Protecting privacy
- Section 9 - Commercial references in television programming
- Section 10 - Commerical communications in radio programming
With appendices and index, the code runs to 134 pages and covers all broadcast output, including drama and entertainment programmes.
Ofcom Code: Section 1
Protecting the Under 18's in the audience
Rule 1.1: Material that might seriously impair the physical, mental or moral development of people under eighteen must not be broadcast.
Rule 1.2: In the provision of services, broadcasters must take all reasonable steps to protect people under eighteen.
Rule 1.3: Children must also be protected by appropriate scheduling from material that is unsuitable for them.
Children: Those under the age of 15
Ofcom Code: TV Watershed
Rule 1.4: Televsion broadcasters must observe the 9pm 'watershed' marking the transition for free-to-air TV channels between the times of day - from 5:30am to 9pm - when children are most likely to be watching. The later slots are for when the audience is assumed to be adult.
Rule 1.6: The transition to more adult material must not be unduly abrupt at the watershed (in the case of television). For television, the strongest material should appear later in the schedule.
Rule 1.7: For television programmes broadcast before the watershed, clear information about content that may distress some children should be given, if appropriate, to the audience i.e. news anchors can warn if footage about to be shown portrays violence.
Rule 1.11: Violence, its after-effects and descriptions of violence, whether verbal or physical, must be appropriately limited in programmes broadcast before the watershed.
Rule 1.16: Offensive language must not be broadcast before the watershed.
Rule 1:20: Representations of sexual intercourse must not occur before the watershed.
The term 'watershed' is not used for radio. But the code says radio broadcasters must have a particular regard to what is aired when 'children are particularly likely to be listening'.
Ofcom Code: Section 2
Harm and Offence
Rule 2.1: Generally accepted standards must be applied to the contents of television and radio services so as to provide adequate protection for the public from the inclusion in such services of harmful and/or offensive material. Material which may cause offence includes pictures or sounds of distress, humiliation, language, violence, sex and any type of discrimination.
Rule 2.2: Factual programmes or items or portrayals of factual matters must not materially mislead the audience.
Rule 2.3: Material likely to cause offence must be justified by context, and appropriate information should be broadcast where it would help avoid or minimise offence.
Case Study: Ofcom No. 68, September 4th 2006.
Rule 2.6: Demonstrations of exorcism, the occult, the paranormal, or practices related to any of these that purport to be real (as opposed to entertainment) must be treated with due objectivity.
Rule 2.7: If a demonstration of exorcism etc. or practices related to any of these is for entertainment purposes, this must be made clear to viewers and listeners.
Ofcom Code: Section 3
Rule 3.1: Material likely to encourage or incite the commission of crime or to lead to disorder must not be included in television or radio services.
Rule 3.2: Descriptions or demonstrations of criminal techniques which contain essential details which could enable the commission of crime must not be broadcast unless editorially justified.
Rule 3.3: No payment or payment in kind, may be made to convicted or confessed criminals whether directly or indirectly relating to his/her crime/s. The only exception is where it is in the public interest.
Rule 3.4: While criminal proceedings are active, no payment or promise of payment may be made to any witness or any person who may reasonably be expected to be called as a witness.
Rule 3.6: Broadcasters must use their best endeavours so as not to broadcast material that could endanger lives or prejudice the success of attempts to deal with a hijack or kidnapping.
Rule 3.3 and 3.4 also apply in the Editors' Code of Practice.
Ofcom Code: Section 4
Section 4 of the Ofcom code says the views and beliefs of those belonging to a particular religion or religious denomination must not be subject to abusive treatment.
Rule 4.7: Religious programmes that contain claims that a living person (or group) has special powers or abilities must treat such claims with due objectivity and must not broadcast such claims when significant numbers of children may be expected to be watching.
Ofcom Code: Section 5
Section 5 of the Ofcom code sets out impartiality and accuracy requirements for broadcasters other than the BBC, which has its own regulatory requirements on these matters.
Rule 5.1: News, in whatever form, must be reported with due accuracy and presented with due impartiality.
Rule 5.2: Significant mistakes in news should normally be acknowledged and corrected on air quickly. Corrections should be appropriately scheduled.
Rule 5.3: No politician may be used as a newsreader, interviewer or reporter in any news programmes unless, exceptionally, it is editorially justified. In that case, the political allegiance of that person must be made clear to the audience. | <urn:uuid:d0651aa0-3f15-40d1-9c4b-b4d1046569c7> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://getrevising.co.uk/revision-cards/media_law | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718866.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00002-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935277 | 5,768 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Superspreaders (individuals with a high propensity for disease spread) have played a pivotal role in recent emerging and re-emerging diseases. In disease outbreak studies, host heterogeneity based on demographic (e.g. age, sex, vaccination status) and environmental (e.g. climate, urban/rural residence, clinics) factors are critical for the spread of infectious diseases, such as Ebola and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). Transmission rates can vary as demographic and environmental factors are altered naturally or due to modified behaviors in response to the implementation of public health strategies. In this work, we develop stochastic models to explore the effects of demographic and environmental variability on human-to-human disease transmission rates among superspreaders in the case of Ebola and MERS. We show that the addition of environmental variability results in reduced probability of outbreak occurrence, however the severity of outbreaks that do occur increases. These observations have implications for public health strategies that aim to control environmental variables.
- Environmental variability
- Stochastic models | <urn:uuid:c569c5d1-c67c-4cab-8953-aea16de4b471> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scholars.ttu.edu/en/publications/effects-of-environmental-variability-on-superspreading-transmissi | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.916365 | 230 | 2.796875 | 3 |
SPERMICIDAL ACTIVITY OF THE SAFE NATURAL ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE SUBTILOSIN.
This study by researchers at Rutgers University, Rush University Medical Center, The Royal Institute of Technology, Health Promoting Naturals, Inc., and The Women’s Hospital of Texas demonstrated that MatTek’s EpiVaginal in vitro human cervico-vaginal tissue equivalent can be used to accurately mimic the results of prolonged exposure of novel compounds to this human tissue type prior to testing on humans. Bacterial vaginosis (BV), a condition affecting millions of women each year, is primarily caused by the gram-variable organism Gardnerella vaginalis. A number of organisms associated with BV cases have been reported to develop multidrug resistance, leading to the need for alternative therapies. Previously, we reported the antimicrobial peptide subtilosin has proven antimicrobial activity against G. vaginalis, but not against the tested healthy vaginal microbiota of lactobacilli. After conducting tissue sensitivity assays using an ectocervical tissue model (MatTek’s EpiVaginal in vitro human tissue equivalent), we determined that human cells remained viable after prolonged exposures to partially-purified subtilosin, indicating the compound is safe for human use. Subtilosin was shown to eliminate themotility and forward progression of human spermatozoa in a dose-dependent manner, and can therefore be considered a general spermicidal agent. These results suggest subtilosin would be a valuable component in topical personal care products aimed at contraception and BV prophylaxis and treatment.
Antimicrobial peptide, Bacterial vaginosis (BV), Bacteriocins, EpiVaginal, G. vaginalis, Gardnerella vaginalis, Lactobacilli, MTT, VEC-100
4% Nonoxynol-9, CONCEPTROL, Miconazole nitrate, Monistat-3, Subtilosin
Request a copy of this paper, click here. | <urn:uuid:f753835c-42f5-4579-855f-c4876e53663d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mattek.com/reference-library/spermicidal-activity-of-the-safe-natural-antimicrobial-peptide-subtilosin/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.876141 | 443 | 2.171875 | 2 |
CEGA is organizing a panel as a part of the Center for Security in Politics’ event on Free and Fair Elections, led by former president of the University of California Janet Napolitano. This panel will look at election security from an international comparative aspect focused on election security practices in Latin America, South Asia, and West Africa. What might the United States be able to learn from what’s being done in these regions to protect against election interference and voter fraud?
11:00am – 12:30pm PST – Lessons for the US from the rest of the world
International panel focusing on election security and practices around the world and lessons the U.S. can learn. The format will be a roundtable where each panelist gives a 3-min overview (no slides needed) of their research and its implications for holding effective elections, followed by a moderated discussion. Susan Hyde has agreed to chair and moderate the panel, and it will feature: Thomas Fujiwara, Aila Matanock, Gianmarco Leon, Kate Casey.
1:00 – 2:30pm PST – Lessons from Battleground States
Keynote panel with high-level officials from key battleground states in the 2020 election who will discuss their experience, their insights, and their recommendations for improvements needed in election security — led by Janet, and featuring Jocelyn Benson (Michigan Secretary of State), Katie Hobbs (Arizona Secretary of State), Josh Shapiro (Pennsylvania Attorney General) and Chris Krebs (Director CISA at the DHS)
3:00 – 4:30pm PST – Securing the Vote and Preparing for What’s Next
Domestic panel of experts focusing on lessons learned in the 2020 U.S. election, what to focus on next in election security, how to fix the issues the US encountered, etc. The panel will be led by Phil Stark and Henry Brady, both at Berkeley, and will also respond to points made in the first two panels.
This event will be hosted as a Berkeley Conversation, live-streamed on Youtube and Facebook. To register your interest in attending and submit questions in advance, use this form (linked at the top right as well).
The Center for Security in Politics (CSP) supports research, curriculum, and convenings that bring students, academics, and leading political practitioners together to address critical global risks, to translate research and analysis into actionable solutions for policymakers, thought leaders and elected officials, and to train a diverse generation of security professionals for careers in public service.
Copyright 2022. All Rights Reserved
Design & Dev by Wonderland Collective | <urn:uuid:36ed3dea-e6de-4a92-8822-02ed2acdd218> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cega.berkeley.edu/event/election-security-workshop-free-and-fair-elections/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.939343 | 531 | 1.796875 | 2 |
|Learn More About Douglas MacArthur!|
by William Manchester
Buy the Book
Starring Gregory Peck
Buy the DVD
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” I am closing my fifty-two years of military service. When I joined the army, even before the turn of the century, it was the fulfillment of all my boyish hopes and dreams.
The world has turned over many times since I took the oath on the plain at West Point, and the hopes and dreams have long since vanished, but I still remember the refrain of one of the most popular barracks ballads of that day which proclaimed most proudly that old soldiers never die; they just fade away.
And like the old soldier of that ballad, I now close my military career and just fade away, an old soldier who tried to do his duty as God gave him the light to see that duty. Good-by. ”
(U.S. Capitol, Washington, D.C., April 19, 1951)
Douglas MacArthur, the hero of the war against Japan, was commander of all U.N. forces in Korea. After the Chinese intervened in the war, the Allies were forced into a serious retreat. MacArthur pressed for permission to bomb Chinese bridges and bases across the border. President Truman, fearing the Cold War implications of an expanded war in the Far East, refused.
MacArthur took his displeasure at this decision to the press. He made the dispute very public and highly confrontational.
On April 11, President Truman fired him.
Whether MacArthur’s strategy was correct or not, the issue here was civilian power over the military. The American system has vested power in the President of the United States on the assumption that he can see a broader perspective than just winning the war. And a watchful eye on the world reveals the dangers of allowing the military to rule.
Yet, MacArthur was a man of mythic proportions. He received a hero’s welcome upon his return. On April 9, he announced the end of his military career before a joint session of Congress. After unsuccessfully running for the Republican nomination in 1952, MacArthur did, in fact, fade from public view. | <urn:uuid:d2fddcc5-8949-4351-98fa-ec0db5f6b929> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://fiftiesweb.com/pop/macarthur/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00167-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971985 | 444 | 2.625 | 3 |
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How to Register a Film Script in India?
April 30, 2015
Writing a good film script is really a difficult task, it can’t be develop effectively within... | <urn:uuid:25234421-5ef2-4f9d-9cfc-e72a1f175bbc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://filmmakersfans.com/tag/how-to-register-a-films-script-in-india/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.732724 | 126 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Mutualisation of sovereign debt is – in some form – at the top of most observers’ list of what must be done to end the Eurozone crisis. It will surely be discussed at the 28-29 June 2012 EU Summit. Eventually a decision will have to be taken.
Several proposals are on the table:
- Stability bonds (European Commission 2011),
- Blue bonds (Delpla and von Weizsäcker 2010),
- Safe bonds (German Council of Economic Experts 2011),
- Eurobills (Hellwig and Philippon 2011),
- European safe bonds (Brunnermeier et al. 2011), and
- Synthetic eurobonds (Beck and Uhlig 2011).
Though they differ in scope, liabilities, and implementation, they all share the fundamental feature of interpreting the Eurozone public debt security as the result of pooling –or mutualising – sovereign bonds.
For instance, the European safe bonds and the synthetic Eurobonds propose the creation of the European debt agency, with assets consisting of the pool of sovereign bonds and liabilities the Eurobonds. Likewise, the blue and safe bonds propose a Eurobond that is a pool of the tranche below and above the 60% of GDP respectively.
Linear risks down…
Mutualising sovereign bonds is equivalent to forming a linear combination of the underlying bonds, i.e. a portfolio of them. Hence the risk associated to the portfolio is a function of the risks of the constituents and their correlations.
- In tranquil periods these risks have a linear nature,
- In periods of turmoil non-linearities appear, namely due to extreme events, that induce non-linear -or tail- risks.
Figure 1 shows the quarterly cross-sectional average correlations (from 2005Q1 to 2012Q2) for the Sovereign bond yields of all the Eurozone countries (solid blue), the core countries (dotted red), the peripheral countries (doted and dashed green), and the peripheral countries but Greece (dashed purple).
Prior to the crisis correlations were very close to unity, reflecting the almost perfect co-movements among the yields. Since the beginning of the crisis the correlations have sharply decreased for all countries and groups of countries. From a risk perspective, the creation of the Eurobonds may be seen as appropriate since the benefits (creditworthiness, resilience, stability, and liquidity) offset the slight increase of risk associated to the small correlations.
Figure 1. Average linear correlations
Note: Quarterly cross-sectional average linear correlations of all Eurozone Sovereign bonds (solid blue line), core bonds (dotted red), peripheral bonds (dotted and dashed green), and peripheral but Greece bonds (dashed purple).
But this is a naïve view of risk given the current situation marked by unusual high uncertainty. The correlations shown in Figure 1 are the Pearson, also called linear, correlations, that only explain linear associations among bond yields.
…and tail risks up
In periods of turmoil, it is not enough to watch the linear relationships – non-linearities appear; tail risks increase. Indeed, when tail events occur, their effect is spread over the system. In recent work, Luca Ricci and I have recently introduced TailCoR, a new measure of tail correlation (Ricci and Veredas 2012).
- TailCoR is a function of linear and non–linear contributions, the latter characterised by the tail behaviour.
- It is based on quantiles and has a number of useful properties, such as simplicity, distribution freeness, and no need of optimisations.
Figure 2 shows the quarterly cross-sectional average tail contribution to TailCoR for the same groups of countries as in Figure 1. Values below unity refer to thin tails, and hence low portfolio tail risk. Values above unity correspond to high portfolio tail risk. Prior to the crisis all the dependence among Sovereign yields was linear since the tail contributions were smaller or in the vicinity of one; the only exception being 2008, at the height of the financial upheaval. More importantly, since the beginning of the crisis the tail risk associated to all the Eurozone countries has increased substantially (blue and solid line), and the trend is positive. As a consequence, pooling Eurozone sovereign bonds today may be seen as too risky since a negative tail event in the yields of one country may cause a cascade of tail events in the yields of the other countries, increasing the probability of a large negative and generalised extreme event in the Eurozone as a whole.
Figure 2. Average tail contribution to TailCoR – part I
Note: Quarterly cross-sectional average tail contribution to TailCoR of all Eurozone sovereign bonds (solid blue line), core bonds (dotted red), peripheral bonds (dotted and dashed green), and peripheral but Greece bonds (dashed purple).
Further analysis is needed to understand the origin of the Eurozone tail risk. What is the tail risk of the peripheral and core countries? What is the contribution of the peripheral countries (mainly those that have been bailed out) to the overall tail risk? The answer to the first question is in Figure 2 (lines other than solid), while the answer to the second is in Figure 3.
- The origin of the Eurozone tail risk is the peripheral countries – the major player being Greece (dotted and dashed green line in Figure 2).
- The core countries however have not experienced a significant increase in their tail risk (dotted red).
This suggests that, as of today, forming Eurocore bonds is as risky as prior to the crisis. From a policy point of view, however, mutualising sovereign bonds only for the core countries without guaranteeing schemes for the peripheral countries has to be judiciously analysed. It may put further pressure on those countries that in the medium- and long-run affects the core countries.
Figure 3 investigates the role of the bailed out countries. Eurozone tail risk decreases significantly by just leaving out Greece (dashed and dotted green line). However, the most interesting finding is that Spain and Italy do not entail an increase in tail risk with respect to that of the core countries (dashed purple). In other words, bailed out countries have tail risks that are significantly larger than the other countries. Or, put it differently, bailing out a country does not help to tame the tail risk. Rather, investors perceive it as a source of tail uncertainty.
Figure 3. Average tail contribution to TailCoR – part II
Note: Quarterly cross-sectional average tail contribution to TailCoR of all Eurozone sovereign bonds (solid blue line), core bonds (dotted red), all bonds but Greek (dotted and dashed green), and all but bailed out countries (dashed purple).
Short-run and long-run policies for taming the tails
The conclusion that pooling Eurozone sovereign bonds today may be seen as too risky should not be overstated. For instance, it does not imply that the above-mentioned proposals are not appropriate. In all cases, the authors rightly and explicitly mention that their suggestions are to be implemented along with fiscal and monetary measures so as to ensure pan-European discipline and reduce domestic moral hazards.
Indeed, a dissection of the causes of the increase in the tail risks sheds light. The increase of tail risk in Figure 2 is due to a combination of fiscal and macro fundamentals, contagion, and market microstructure. Disentangling these factors leads to different policy advices and actions to tame the tails. If most of the increase relates with fiscal and macro fundamentals, then a clear policy prescription would be that the Eurozone should accelerate the implementation of fiscal consolidation policies. If some form of contagion were found to be the dominant source of tail risks, then coordinated policy responses could play a role to avoid a self-fulfilling diabolic loop of bailouts. Finally, if market microstructure considerations were found to generate a malfunctioning of Sovereign bond markets – such as liquidity, bid-ask bounces, or volatility surges due to stringent market rules – specific actions in the primary and, in particular, the secondary market might be needed.
If these measures are to be taken by EU policy leaders, it is likely that the tail risks will decrease, and the implementation of a mutualised Eurozone public debt security is worthy. These are however measures and actions that have a medium- and long-term effect. They frame within the recently agreed Euro Plus Pact of March 2011, which means that will still take time to be implemented since, for the time being, the Pact has to be ratified by all member states. For instance, ratification by the German Bundestag is still pending.
In the short-run, alternatives to boost growth and employment are needed. European project bonds, enhance the role of the European Investment Bank, and make a better use of the EU’s structural funds are some of the actions proposed. Another is to reinforce the duties of the European Financial Stability Facility (and its successor the European Stability Mechanism, ESM), always within the legal frameworks established by the EU Treaties. Indeed, the ESM can be seen as a quasi-European debt agency since its assets are contributions from the non-intervened Eurozone countries (in fact, if the contributions would come from Sovereign debt, the ESM would be de facto the European debt agency), and the liabilities are bonds, which enjoy the benefits of Eurobonds highlighted at the beginning of this article.
As of today, tail risks of the Eurozone sovereign debt are worryingly high. Furthermore, bailed out countries have increased their tail risks, even after the rescue packages. EU leaders should be cautious when pooling debt to create a Eurobond. It is only advisable once tail risks are tamed. In the meantime, the ESM can play the role of the European debt agency.
Beck, T, H Uhlig, and W Wagner (2011), “Insulating the financial sector from the European debt crisis: Eurobonds without public guarantees”, VoxEU.org, 17 September.
Brunnermeier, M, L Garicano, PR Lane, M Pagano, R Reis, T Santos, S Van Nieuwerburgh, and D Vayanos (2011), “European Safe Bonds (ESBies)”, Euro-nomics Group, 26 September.
Delpla, J and J von Weizsäcker (2010), “The blue bond proposal”, Bruegel policy brief 2010/03.
European Commission (2011), “Green paper on the feasibility of introducing stability bonds”, MEMO/11/820.
German Council of Economic Experts (2011), Annual Report 2011/12.
Hellwig, C and T Philippon (2011), “Eurobills, not Eurobonds”, VoxEU.org, 2 December.
Ricci, L, and D Veredas (2012), “TailCoR”, ECARES WP 2012/16. Available at SSRN http://ssrn.com/abstract=2071126. | <urn:uuid:88164ffb-1b08-43ef-b59d-cdeff440696a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://voxeu.org/article/mutualising-eurozone-sovereign-bonds-first-all-tame-tails | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719784.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00427-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.91872 | 2,280 | 2 | 2 |
The PRC has established a center for medical 3D printing.
We don’t know much about the new center, aside from its location, Changchun, which is located in the city of Changchun. It holds well over 7M inhabitants and is located a bit north of North Korea.
Evidently the center is in the same city where “hospitals have begun to use 3D-printed artificial joints for prosthetic replacements”, so there’s likely a relationship there. Clearly China is set on exploiting the technology in this area, at least for medical uses.
In the images we can see a wide variety of equipment in use, in particular Shining 3D, who recently launched a Kickstarter campaign for a low-cost 3D scanner.
It’s now clear there are numerous huge opportunities to exploit 3D printing, with many in the medical field alone. It seems that China wishes to take a big step in that direction by setting up such a concentration of effort. Meanwhile, other countries had best take note and consider whether they’d like to organize competing medical centers of excellence - or centers to pursue other 3D printing applications. | <urn:uuid:f9a4bc0e-7dfd-41e0-8575-80bb878d7864> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.fabbaloo.com/blog/2015/2/15/china-sets-up-a-medical-3d-printing-center | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00355-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96496 | 242 | 2.515625 | 3 |
BENEFITS OF HONEY
The honey is the world´s oldest known sweetener. The mix of natural sugars and water is absorbed by our organism in a slower way that the normal sugar and makes that we have less sugar ups and downs. The honey bee is not only a sweetener it also has a lot of little substances (more than 200)
The honey has alimentary and therapeutic properties but also can sweeten up to 25 times more that the regular sugar.
The natural honey bee is bactericide, antioxidant and antibiotic.
The following table presents the most common components of the honey bee:
||14 – 22 %
||28 – 44 %
||22 – 40 %
||0,2 – 7 %
||2 – 16 %
||0,1 – 8 %
|Proteins and Amino acid
||0,2 – 2 %
|Vitamins, enzymes, hormones
and other organic acids
||0,5 – 1 %
||0,5 – 1,5 %
||0,2 – 1,0 %
The honey has many components that makes it has lot of benefits.
Been the honey rich in polyphenols make it acts as an antioxidant. This is because the polyphenols are bioactive compounds with antioxidant capacity and those generate healthy benefits, prevent several diseases and neutralize aging process, to name a few.
The honey helps the probiotic bacterium to grow in our organism. The oligosaccharides that the honey contains motive an increase in bifid bacterium and lactobacillus and those give power to the probiotic effect in our body.
According to several studies the bactericidal properties of honey can be very effective in preventing gastrointestinal disorders that are caused by bacterium, such as peptic ulcers, gastritis or gastroenteritis.
On the other hand it has been observed that pure honey unprocessed help to control tumor growth and metastasis; because of that the honey could become a nutritional supplement in cancer therapies.
Another benefit that pure unprocessed honey has is that helps reducing cardiovascular risk factors, that is because of the levels of cholesterol and triglycerides goes down with the honey and increases the HDL cholesterol. This effect occurs even that two of its compounds (sucrose and fructose) are considered as risk factors for heart disease.
The bactericidal properties and anti-inflammatory action of the honey help to clean the wounds infection, reduce pain and improve circulation and accelerating the healing process. It's the same in the treatment of burns; with increased resistance of bacterium has been found that the unprocessed honey increase the burns healing of second and third degree.
Additional benefits and uses of pure unprocessed honey are:
• Effective for Cough: Honey with Lemon helps relieve cough, because it kills bacteria, covers the walls of the throat and soften it.
• Calming effects on the body: Eat a spoonful of honey a day, produces a calming effect on our body.
• Excellent for allergies treatment: The honey stimulates the immune system, this helps to control pollen allergies.
• Lowers Cholesterol: Honey is a great remedy for lowering cholesterol in the arteries.
• Prevents Heart problems: Honey fights heart problems because it strengthens the muscle and rhythmic movement.
• Prevents constipation: Honey is effective for constipation because it's a natural laxative.
• Promotes digestion: The honey helps digestion naturally.
• Helps lowering weight: Take one tablespoon of honey every night helps to lose weight, because this causes metabolic changes and helps to have a better rest with the release of serotonin.
It is recommend that the honey is consumed preferably at room temperature or in a double boiler uncrystillized not exceeding 40 ° C. This seeking that honey does not lose its properties. | <urn:uuid:71ae045d-fb99-4ce7-9254-3b27c33148bb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://apiariossanmartin.com/benefits.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.910025 | 848 | 2.921875 | 3 |
All throughout 2012 there has been an enormous surge in new web design trends. Some of you may remember my earlier post on web design trends going into 2012. Now we can see many of these ideas have come to fruition, and even adopted further increasing levels of novelty. In this article I would like to delve into 20 more design trends for the new 2013 year.
The design influence is merely a reflection of our culture and expectations for user interfaces. Ideally these trends represent favorable ideas in the web design community. However designers will always have their own opinions when it comes to design terms, so take these ideas with a grain of salt.
If you are interested, keep your eyes peeled for examples of these trends and techniques.
Web Design Trends for 2014
After spending hours online at different websites, you tend to pick up discernable trends in design. Over the... Read more
1. Responsive Layouts
This topic was my first point in the 2012 trend article, however I feel that responsive web design has been changing to ultimately come to a threshold where layouts are designed to match all forms of digital media. The idea is to support all devices from laptops, desktops, smartphones, tablets, and anything released in the future.
You could think of this trend more like a uniform web design where the goal is to have a single set of codes which run perfectly on all environments. Responsive websites are often thought to cater towards mobile browsers, but that isn’t the sole purpose.
You can have a responsive website which also adds brilliant illustrations and graphics into the layout when the browser window is larger.
The big idea here is to think about website design as a single canvas which is dynamic and fluid by nature. CSS3 media queries allow developers to customize layouts based on limited or expanded screen real estate. Use this to your advantage and see how other designers are using it as well!
Recommended Reading: Responsive Web Design series of articles.
2. Retina Support
Along with responsive support for website layouts I have also seen a dramatic rise in people building for retina devices. Apple first engineered this idea with the iPhone 4 and has since applied this screen display onto their other devices, including the iPad and some MacBooks.
Retina screens are basically twice as dense as any average LCD. So they are the same number of physical pixels, but digitally twice as many pixels can be fitted into the same physical space.
This means pixel-perfect web designers supporting retina devices will need to create two sets of images. First you need to sample your image at double the resolution, then save a “standard” version at half the size. The larger image will be scaled down to the standard resolution and will look very crisp on retina screens.
Although this won’t detect CSS background image, it is still the most handy resource as opposed to coding everything in media queries.
3. Fixed Header Bars
Using the CSS
position: fixed; property is a great way to staple a header bar onto your website. As visitors scroll down your page this will offer constant support for navigation and a trip back to the home page. This trend has been around for a while but now we are seeing this in full force.
Fixed headers are so interesting because they can work on practically any website. This includes social networks, blogs, and even design studios or private companies. The design is very trendy and looks great paired with most layouts. But aside from the aesthetics, this bar also provides an exceptional user experience without needing to look very far to navigate the website.
4. Large Photo Backgrounds
Photographers or even fans of photography will definitely enjoy this design trend. I have seen countless showcases discussing the ideas of big oversized photography in the background. It’s an excellent way to capture your visitor’s attention and it can look great when done properly.
I am often fond of big photographs since they can be pleasing on the eyes. When blended into your layout, this design technique can give your website a major edge in marketing. On this topic I always consider the ever popular design portfolio of Kerem Suer. This unique background photo behaves as custom branding for everybody who lands on his website.
5. CSS Transparency
The new CSS3 properties have allowed for opacity edits on any webpage element. This means you have control to generate transparency in any modern web browser – no Photoshop required! This trend of web design transparency was recently discussed on Codrops with some very enlivening talking points.
One excellent example is on the Squarespace Blog where the central wrapper is given a
background: transparent property. Typically this can be used to generate some other background from repeating https://assets.hongkiat.com/uploads/web-design-trend-2013/, or to setup the background using internal elements.
Another interesting design technique for manipulating transparency is through
rgba() color syntax. When designing in CSS you have the option of specifying colors using Red, Green, Blue, and Alpha-Transparency values. So using the syntax
rgba(255,255,255,0.6) would generate the color white at only 60% opacity. This is certainly a design trend we can expect continuing into 2013 and beyond.
6. Minimalist Landing Pages
Anybody who has spent some time researching markets will understand that selling on the Internet is just plain smart. You have access to a large consumer base from anywhere in the world. Additionally you can sell products which are not even physical, such as videos or creative resources.
Creating a landing page online is all about capturing new leads for your product or service. New trends are following the idea of minimalism: keep everything simple and focus on your core product.
This is exemplified on the PictoPro webpage which offers a beautiful resource for cheap icons. The page is fairly crafty using vector icons as a background effect. But all the text is easy to read and it’s basically a one-click checkout process. You cannot get much simpler than that.
Recommended Reading: Beautiful Landing Pages: Tips And Examples
7. Digital QR Codes
The abundance of mobile smartphones has led to a surge of QR Code apps. This stands for Quick Response Code and has developed from the older UPC barcodes. You will find these tagged everywhere from restaurants to event venues and automobile sales lots.
But very recently I have found a couple of websites with these codes built right into the design. This isn’t something you would normally consider since they are often found in print. But QR codes could become trendy as data transmission becomes quicker over time. You can see a brilliant example of this technique on Keith Cakes contact page.
8. Social Media Badges
Marketing is one of the ultimate determining factors in a website’s success or failure. Social media and viral marketing are exploding in many different websites. Digg used to reign popular in this domain but has since conceded to rivals like Reddit. But these are not the only two popular resources for sharing stories online.
You can check practically any social community for sharing badges and will likely find a great solution. You can position these badges pinned to blog posts and articles anywhere in your layout. These are still used actively by readers and fans who want to share content quickly on places like Facebook, Twitter, or even LinkedIn.
9. Detailed Illustrations
Newer design trends are all about catching and holding one’s attention. I feel that illustrations perform this task brilliantly. The problem is finding a designer who can make such impeccable works of art, or even teaching yourself.
Illustrations can be used in many various ways to bring about different moods in your website. Look around the Internet, and you will find many different website galleries and showcases focusing on digital illustrations. You can see these artistic works eventually blend into its website branding almost perfectly. MailChimp is probably the most definitive example with its trademark chimp mail carrier.
Recommended Reading: 50 Beautiful Hand-Drawn Web Design
10. Infinite Scrolling
Infinite scroll loading has been around for at least a few years. But this technique hadn’t really hit mainstream until this year and I’m sure it will continue into 2013.
Pinterest has adopted this loading technique for their layout and it works beautifully. You can search anything and the results page will continually load as you scroll down. Pagination is basically a non-issue and doesn’t even work as a detriment into the user experience. Talk about designing for simplicity!
But another great example and possibly my favorite example is on Tumblr. You can blog and reblog photos from other people you follow which all appear on your Dashboard. So after logging into your account all the most recent posts will scroll infinitely down the page.
This is an excellent technique which does not work on every layout, but for the right websites this can look and behave phenomenally.
11. Homepage Feature Tours
Sliding image presentations and demo videos are both very common with new products on the web. Landing pages and startups often try to entice potential users with these informational goodies. And they can often work very well, if you know how to construct something that looks good on a webpage.
Looking back over 2012 I would say my favorite example of this trend is on MediaFire’s homepage. The entire top portion of the page rotates between a series of slides. They each explain what you can do on MediaFire and how their features compare with other websites.
What helps this demonstration stand out is also their use of big graphics and icons. This is another trend which will not work on all websites, only for certain products you can draw in loads of attention.
12. Sliding Webpage Panels
But if you can handle them with responsive design techniques or an alternate mobile site then this is a really cool effect worth trying out.
13. Mobile Navigation Toggle
When speaking of responsive design one of the most difficult questions is how to build a solid navigation. You want to give your readers direct access to all your important links, without flooding the page making it unreadable. It is also a good idea to keep your responsive navigation hidden away until it’s needed.
Enter this beautiful design trend of mobile navigation toggle menus. The Treehouse Blog is merely one example of this technique which looks brilliant on your smartphone. And even in your web browser! But there are dozens of websites and design studios who have adopted this trend for their own responsive layouts.
What I like most about the toggled navigation is that you can design menus in so many various forms. You can have links drop down from the top, or slide down, or push content over from the left or right side. Designers have so many options to play with and there is plenty of time for UI experiments.
14. Fullscreen Typography
Earlier I mentioned using big oversized photographs in the background of website layouts. This trend can be extended to focus on typography as well: designing your webpage text so it fills the entirety of the browser. Some users may find this annoying. But this is not often the case if the layout is fitted perfectly for super-large text.
Alex Pierce has a great website layout which does focus deeply on typography. You can see this includes rich text effects using CSS3 properties. Additionally the website is very easy to navigate, and many of the other page elements appear oversized as well.
Big text with unique font styles can stand out just as much as oversized photography. And I am sure this will see more design critiques moving into the new year.
Recommended Reading: Showcase Of Web Designs With Beautiful Typography
15. APIs and Open Source
Open source software has been around for decades and has been changing the web since its inception. But over the course of 2012 I have noticed more open source software pertaining to webpage widgets, layouts, and dynamic effects. Typically we could also be talking about free website templates, layouts, or CMS software such as WordPress.
Open APIs and resources like Github allow designers to not only prototype layouts, but also animations and effects on the page. jQuery has a practically uncountable number of plugins for free download to be found all over the Web.
And I am honestly not expecting the amount of open source projects to slow down anytime soon. This truly is the greatest era to be getting started and advancing your knowledge in the field of creating websites.
16. Deep Box Shadows
I discussed CSS3 box shadows in our previous post written for 2012, and this trend has proven to be very accurate. In fact, I now almost always expect to see box shadows infused with elements in modern web designs. The effects look amazing and they rarely detract from the aesthetics except when overused.
I would look out for new box shadow techniques all throughout 2013. I think the trend is already deeply ingrained into the design community, now it is more about who can be the most creative!
17. CSS3 Animations
Another excellent and very inspiring example comes from a CSS alerts tutorial on Codrops. Notice how you can setup various times and settings for the animations.
This is definitely a trend which offers some promise in the coming months and years with lots of room to advance. I am confident that newer web designers will give rise to booming animations all created without the use of scripting.
18. Vertical Navigation
I was not a big fan of this layout style when I first started noticing different websites adopting this trend. However over this past year I have seen more designers creating elegant solutions with the vertical rhythm still intact. And when done properly, vertical website layouts can be affluent with content and design taste.
The portfolio on Riot Industries is a great example for newer web designers. Check out how the navigation links work and how the portfolio entries are dynamic on hover effects. Also the border textures really show a dividing line between the left and right columns.
This textured effect is apparent in other vertical layouts as well, such as the CSS gallery Design Bombs.
19. Single-Page Web Design
Single page design is a big topic and covered under many different categories. Obviously there have been single-page websites since the creation of the World Wide Web. But over the recent years we have seen this trend evolve to sport a more natural user experience.
I think the website design for Cage App is possibly one great example of many trends listed in this article. They are utilizing a single-page layout brilliantly with content split up by horizontal containers. But you will also notice the very top of the page features a blurred background photo effect.
Plus as you scroll down the page, the navigation bar actually stays fixed at the top of your window. Incorporating other popular design trends into a single-page layout is one solution for drawing attention from visitors and making one captivating website design.
20. Circular Design Elements
The trend of circles within website layouts is something newer and has been given a lot of attention recently. Designers like circles because they are clean, neat, and generally fit into any layout block. You can build patterns and even fix your page elements into circular designs (eg. user avatars, share buttons, post dates, etc).
The portfolio of Lucia Soto is basically one terrific example of circular web design. The website is built dynamically so you are panning horizontally to different segments in the page. You will notice some cute vector artwork dotted along the sidelines as well. Web designers crave these extra tidbits in page layouts because they ooze uniqueness.
User interface design is one of the most complex topics when building digital products. This rings especially true for website layouts, trying to match navigations and content styles for a successful user experience. These design trends aim to point designers in the right direction.
I hope you may consider some of these ideas and think about how they do affect modern day websites. You can find examples of these emerging trends, in smaller businesses to global companies and all other websites in-between. If you are thinking ahead of the curve and want to share some insight on design trends in 2013, just drop a comment in our post discussion area. | <urn:uuid:4b855373-925f-4bf1-8582-174e7559eeae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hongkiat.com/blog/web-design-trend-2013/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.937282 | 3,535 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Targeting Top level predators
There is nothing quite as spectacular as catching a large predator from a riverine environment. There power and size intrigues and excites us. These large fish challenge our strength, stamina, and Tackle! Compared to there lake-bound friends, riverine predators tend to be sleek, trim and strong. They spend their life relating to currents and seeking the best comprimise between food, current, and the few land animals big enough to threaten them. As they grow bigger they seem to lose much of there fear of predators both from the sky or the shore. They are uniquely less skiddish by tackle and approach than many other fish. This coupled with their extraordinary size creates an insatiable fascination of them from many anglers skilled enough to consistantly catch them...
What is a top level predator?
To catch them first we must get an idea what we are fishing for and there general habits. while several different families fish COULD be considered a top level predator (and this might heavily depend on the individual ecology of the waterway), generally we are referring to members of the family . While only one might consider only ONE species to be the "top level predator" we see generally in the entire family a marked similarity in diet, habitat and behavior.
Fish in the genus Esox primarily feed on fish. They are quite aggresive towards other fish and occasionally canabalistic. They will gorge on baitfish that are nearly their own size. A small part of the diet consist on other animals in the riverine environment. Attacks upon animals (even Humans) have happened although this behavior is very rare.
Esox are a relatively low population component of a riverine environment. Large individuals particularly often stalk food far bigger than most fishermen use; up to 20 inches in size. This means that a great percentage of the time, esox espacially lunkers are not actively seeking prey. These resting fish seek water with low current that approaches there desired temperature. Resting Esox are difficult to catch. Actively feeding esox will commonly slow patrol an area for prey. There are not easy general rules about WHERE an essox goes because there are not general guideline where there prey will be. Keeping in mind that potential prey are often bigger than most anglers realize you might be tempted to fish a little deeper than some anglers. Often the shoreline produces plenty of minnows but lacks 12-20" gamefish, that are themselves trying to stay safe from birds and land based threats. Rather than concentrate So much about depth, an angler ought to pay very close attention, instead, on currents. Given a choice between a place with 20" gamefish in heavy current and one in slight current; it will always be a better deal to be in the slack currents. In rivers the 'slack currents' are usually connected to eddies and often at confluences and the heads of river pools.
From a fishing point of view it is important to keep in mind that Esox are often ambush predators lieing in the wait for suitable prey and they quickly attacking it at impressive speeds. Like all fish eating predators; Esox like to attack fish that are weaker and easier to catch; maximizing calories for the amount of energy used to catch the prey. This means that fish generally look for the exagerated motions of dieing fish. An accoustic wobble of an erratic swimming patterns, Frequent flashing of light from a wounded fish struggling to stay upright, as well scents; like blood. These patterns interest the predators and they will position themselves to look closer at the prey.
Individual species are important at this point. Large Muskies (which are some of the biggest predators in North American waters commonly slowly approach the bait to better determine if it is worth the attack) while Northern Pike are known as one of the most willing biters in the fish world and sometimes unequivocally attack a bait or lure that simulates these patterns.
Targeting Individual species
To maximize our chance at catching a given species, it is customize our approach to the water and to the fish. While altering our approach for the river is difficult, we Can learn more about the fish and adopt approaches that have proven useful to other people. While one could break down Esox to quite a wide variety of predators. Given a practical approach in Eastern North America we see three different clear divisions; | <urn:uuid:3ee40ab4-1975-4b3e-a283-baec907215f6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/River_Fishing/Predators | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00137-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948447 | 897 | 2.875 | 3 |
UPDATE: An update about the filmmaker of the now infamous anti-Islam film can be read here.
On Tuesday, Americans remembered the lives of those individuals who were mercilessly killed during the September 11, 2001 attacks.
But on the same day that the 11th anniversary of the tragedy was being remembered, two notable, anti-American events unfolded in the Middle East — in Egypt, Islamists tore down the American flag at the U.S. embassy and, in Libya, radicals burned down the U.S. consulate and killed a U.S. diplomat. These actions were taken, not as a result of the 9/11 anniversary, but in retribution for an obscure anti-Islam and anti-Prophet Muhammad film that was produced in America.
Sam Bacile, 56, the movie’s writer and director, has gone into hiding following the violent reaction to his film. An Israeli, Bacile lives in California and works in real estate development. While filmmaking isn’t his main source of income, he put together the inflammatory movie in an effort to expose negative attributes that he believes come from and are associated with the Islamic faith.
The self-described Israeli Jew told the Associated Press, from an undisclosed location, that Islam is a cancer and that the film was intended to make a political statement, while condemning Islam on the whole. The English-language movie spans two hours and is entitled, “Innocence of Muslims.” Bacile claims that more than 100 Jewish donors helped put up the $5 million to make the film, which has reached no measurable level of success, possible.
“This is a political movie,” Bacile told the AP. “The U.S. lost a lot of money and a lot of people in wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, but we’re fighting with ideas.”
Naturally, considering his view that the faith is a “cancer” and examining the fact that he intentionally sought to target Islam, there’s no surprise that the content presented within the film is disparaging and offensive, to say the least. Muhammad, Islam’s most revered prophet, is made to look like a fraud. His followers, too, are depicted as fools.
“Innocence of Muslims” depicts Muhammad as a feckless philanderer who approved of child sexual abuse, among other overtly insulting claims that have caused outrage. In a 13 minute 51 second trailer, the Islamic prophet is made to look like a murderer and adulterer as well.
Among the insults are insinuations that the Koran is made up and that Muhammad is anything but prophetic — two notions that chip away at the very fabrics of the Islamic faith.
Under the YouTube account “sam bacile,” a supposed trailer for the controversial film is posted (caution: sexual and disturbing content):
It is a well-known fact that Muslims find it offensive to depict Muhammad in any manner, let alone insult the prophet. A Danish newspaper’s 2005 publication of 12 caricatures of the prophet triggered riots in many Muslim countries. And this, of course, is only one example.
Though Bacile was apologetic about the American who was killed as a result of the outrage over his film (reports allege that three other American embassy workers were killed in Libya as well), he blamed lax embassy security and the perpetrators of the violence.
“I feel the security system (at the embassies) is no good,” said Bacile. “America should do something to change it.”
A consultant on the film, Steve Klein, said the filmmaker is concerned for family members who live in Egypt. Bacile declined to confirm. Klein said he vowed to help Bacile make the movie but warned him that “you’re going to be the next Theo van Gogh.” Van Gogh was a Dutch filmmaker killed by a Muslim extremist in 2004 after making a film that was perceived as insulting to Islam.
“We went into this knowing this was probably going to happen,” Klein said.
On Tuesday, there seemed to be confusion surrounding which film had inspired violent protests in the Middle East. Some claimed that the anti-Islam, Koran-burning pastor Terry Jones, whom TheBlaze has frequently covered, was behind the movie. However, Jones is merely promoting the film; he was not involved in its production.
The Atlantic has more about the movie, with additional background details about how Bacile’s offensive project sparked deadly Middle Eastern protests:
The movie is called Innocence of Muslims, although some Egyptian media have reported its title as Mohammed Nabi al-Muslimin, or Mohammed, Prophet of the Muslims. If you’ve never heard of it, that’s because most of the few clips circulating online are dubbed in Arabic. [...]Obviously, there’s a lot to this story that’s still unclear. What we do know is that some members of Egypt’s sometimes-raucous, often rumor-heavy media have been playing highly offensive clips from the highly offensive film, stressing its U.S. and Coptic connections. In the clip below, controversial TV host Sheikh Khaled Abdallah (known for such statements as “Iran is more dangerous to us than the Jews” and that Tehran had engineered a deadly soccer riot in Port Said) hypes the film as an American-Coptic plot and introduces what he says is its opening scene.
Bacile’s film was dubbed into Egyptian Arabic by someone he doesn’t know, but he speaks enough Arabic to confirm that the translation is accurate. It was made in three months in the summer of 2011, with 59 actors and about 45 people behind the camera.
The full film has been shown once, to a mostly empty theater in Hollywood earlier this year, said Bacile.
The Associated Press contributed to this report.
- Reports: US Ambassador and Three American Embassy Workers Killed by Angry Mob In Libya
- Video Emerges of Rioting Egyptian Islamists Tearing Apart American Flag on 9/11 Anniversary
- White House Repudiates U.S. Embassy Apology to Rioting Muslims in Cairo
- Egyptian Islamists Tear Down U.S. Embassy Flag in Protest Against Anti-Muhammad Film | <urn:uuid:8de11a79-9472-4044-9fba-4f33588af316> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.theblaze.com/stories/2012/09/12/this-is-the-anti-muhammed-movie-that-sparked-deadly-islamist-protests-in-egypt-libya-yesterday/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718309.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00406-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971691 | 1,301 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Giving a presentation means providing information about a certain topic usually in front of other people. Teachers present different topics all day, day in and day out. We know that good teachers are the ones who can explain lessons in a simple, easy way that kids understand. Similarly, presenters must deliver information in a clear, educational, and engaging way so people can understand and even enjoy listening to them.
Why presentation skills for kids are important
There are multiple reasons why teaching presentation skills for kids is incredibly important; an essential outcome of the school experience. When kids learn how to present in front of the whole class, it allows them to build confidence and self-esteem, and become more aware of themselves in terms of thoughts and emotions.
Furthermore, learning how to give a presentation from a young age makes kids more comfortable with public speaking which becomes absolutely necessary in high school, college, and in their professional life as well.
Here are some benefits that come along when kids learn and practise presentation skills.
Presentation skills for kids help them communicate with others
On top of all the advantages of presentation skills is kids becoming able to communicate well with others.
As the name suggests, giving a presentation surely involves speaking. Those who can give very good presentations are able to express their ideas in a clear way that is easily understood by those around them.
For kids, self-expression is quite crucial. When kids learn to explain things well in a presentation, they inherently develop an ability to properly express themselves and their needs. This helps them feel comfortable among others. It also makes it easy for others to help them if the kids face any problems since they will be able to express themselves in a good way.
As a result, kids become better communicators and more up to approaching other kids and developing friendships with them.
We cannot also forget about how being able to speak in front of others enhances kids’ self-confidence. When they see themselves able to communicate a message to others and clearly explain the topic they are presenting, they feel accomplished and confident.
Receiving positive feedback and encouragement from their teachers and colleagues also contributes to increasing kids’ self-esteem.
Take on responsibility
When kids have the assignment of giving a presentation about a certain topic, they learn to be responsible for the whole project from start to end. Sure, they can be guided by either their parents or teachers or both. But they are the ones who will do the actual work, from determining the points they will talk about, deciding on which information to include, preparing the slides, and adding appropriate pictures that support the presentation.
In some way, presentations teach kids to be organised and manage their time properly. If they only have a few minutes to talk about a topic in front of the class, they learn to include the most important and relevant information and avoid fillers.
As a result, kids become more precise and clear about what they are saying. They learn to use the most accurate and appropriate vocabulary to express their thoughts. They avoid talking too much about unrelated things that may confuse whoever is listening to them. On a wider scale, presentations help kids become more exact when expressing their thoughts and emotions.
Another plus point that comes along with learning presentation skills is that kids learn to prepare well for the topic they will present. First, they have to plan the topic and choose which and how much information to include that must address the topic and fit the duration of the presentation.
Then, kids do the research either by using their school textbooks, going to the school library, or browsing the Internet to look for the necessary resources. This definitely helps them in the long run since they will need to have good research skills in high school and college.
Breaking down presentation skills
People might think that giving a presentation is only standing in front of an audience and talking about some topic. While it does include standing and talking, there are so many other skills that speakers should be able to demonstrate in order to communicate their message clearly.
In fact, working on developing these skills and paying attention to them while giving a presentation is also a great way to tame the fear usually associated with having to speak in front of an audience and feel more comfortable and approachable.
Some of these are verbal communication techniques which involve using words. Others comprise forms of no-verbal communication techniques. These include anything one can do to convey messages without talking or making sounds.
Let’s discuss these skills one by one.
We make eye contact with people when speaking to them. To be more correct, eye contact involves two people looking at each other at the same time. It is a great form of non-verbal communication that can tell a lot about people.
In a presentation, all eyes are usually set on the speaker so in return, he/she should look back at the audience; look them in the eye. That seems quite obvious and deceptively easy. We do this all the time when we speak to other people but it gets quite hard when it comes to presentations.
When people feel nervous while giving a presentation, they unconsciously forget to look at the audience. Some people might fix their sight on only one person which might translate into them ignoring the rest of the audience. Others feel so nervous that they only look at the slides or the material they are presenting, which again makes the audience feel the speaker is not talking to them.
But eye contact is important.
Come to think of it, looking others in the eye means we are giving them attention. Our time and concentration are currently dedicated to what they are saying. And vice versa.
Have you ever not felt annoyed when you are speaking to somebody and they are not looking at you? Looking directly at someone’s eyes tells them how much we care about their thoughts, their emotions, and their words.
In other words, making eye contact with your audience allows them as well as you to focus more on the topic being presented. It also makes it easy for them to understand it and even remember it afterwards. If you are looking away from the audience, they will inevitably look away too and drift off into their thoughts and forget about the presentation.
This is another technique of non-verbal communication.
The most straightforward definition of a language is a set of words that express and carry information. We can define body language in the same way but with tiny tweaks.
A body language is a set of body movements, posture, hand gestures, and facial expressions that each means a different thing. For instance, we know that nodding the head means yes and shaking it means no. High fives mean “bravo” and firm handshakes mean that you are happy you met someone or are giving them a grateful thank-you for something they offered you.
Besides making eye contact with the audience, your body language is a bonus technique to make yourself understood easily, feel relaxed when talking, and make your audience focus better on the topic you are presenting. Interestingly, people seem to pay more than 80% of their attention to body language than to actual words, according to some studies.
That said, using body language in presentations should not be hard since we already use body language every day in our life. We spontaneously start to move our hands, arms, and heads and make different postures and gestures to show others clearly what we want to say.
However, one has to be very careful with body language. Just like there are good and bad words, there are body language gestures that convey positive or negative messages. Learning what every movement means, which of them to use, and which to avoid highly contributes to the success of the presentation.
Here are some important body language behaviours to use while giving a presentation.
When somebody smiles at us, we sure cannot help but smile back at them. Another thing that comes along with a smile is the strike of happiness that we feel at such a moment. That is why smiling is the most important thing in the body language toolbox.
Smiling at a presentation will help you feel relaxed. Having your audience smile back at you, you will also feel more confident. Besides, smiling must involve your eyes and not just your lips. This will show you are happy and excited to present the topic.
Standing still in one spot throughout the presentation is pretty uncomfortable both for the speaker and the audience. On the contrary, moving from right to left on stage or classroom makes you feel relaxed, confident, and comfortable. This will be easily communicated to your audience as well which will inevitably increase their level of concentration on what you are saying.
Just make sure that you do not move too much back and forth. This will distract the audience instead of making them concentrate. You should also avoid moving fast or droopingly; otherwise, you will make the audience feel lazy. Instead, you should straighten your neck and lift your chin to show a good posture.
We know that nodding the head means yes or conveys agreement with what someone is saying. Nodding on what a member of your audience says means you are highly interested in what they say. Besides, you should keep eye contact with them and listen to them without interruptions.
Body language gestures to avoid when giving a presentation
There sure are some gestures that give negative messages about the person using them. Here are some of the body language gestures that you must avoid when giving a presentation as most of them suggest insecurity, shyness, discomfort, defensiveness, surprise, anxiety, fear, uncertainty, disinterest, and nervousness.
- Crossing arms
- Putting arms in the pockets
- Raising eyebrows
- Nodding too much
- Moving around so much
If you are not quite sure what to do with your hands after avoiding the gestures above, you can point at the slides or material you are presenting, clasp your hands above the belly button, or keep them by your side.
We can tell so many things about how a person is feeling only by listening to their voice. We know that nervousness and fear have voices totally different from happiness and excitement.
Mumbling suggests a person is uncertain about what they are saying. On the contrary, confidence can be easily shown in a strong, deep voice. Speaking too fast means you are nervous or quite excited while speaking too slow and pausing every now and then means you are either lazy or uncertain.
A presenter’s nightmare is having the audience get bored, yawn, drift off into thoughts, or fall asleep, which is the worst case ever. To avoid that, you need to make sure your audience is attentive and focused during the entire presentation. This can be achieved by varying your voice tone as well as speed.
One way to illustrate how important it is to vary the voice tone is the bedtime story. Kids usually fall asleep as their parents tell them a story in a monotone. The brain easily gets used to the same tone and loses interest gradually.
If your presentation is monotonous, you have already lost your audience.
So anyone giving a presentation should learn how to change the pace of their speech and the volume of their tone according to the information they are explaining. Besides maintaining the audience’s attention, a varied voice tone helps the presenter feel more relaxed and engaged with the topic.
Other things that presentations involve
It is true that the components we just mentioned help make a presentation successful but they are performed during the presentation. On the other hand, there are multiple other things that also play a vital role in the success of the presentation. The only difference is that they come before the day of the presentation.
To give a good presentation, presenters need to take care of:
2. Planning the topic according to the period of the presentation
3. Preparing the topic and deciding on the information they will include
4. Preparing a hook—a short story or question at the beginning of the presentation to catch the audience’s attention.
5. Preparing visuals, PowerPoint or paper slides, and using a mix of words and pictures
6. Practicing the topic while performing the skills we discussed above
How parents can help kids improve their presentation skills
While kids can learn presentation skills basically at school, parents can also help their kids practise and improve their presentation skills at home. Here are some tips that can help.
1. Encourage kids to speak
Kids will not be able to give a presentation unless they learn how to speak and express themselves clearly. That is why parents should encourage their kids to have conversations.
Asking kids questions about what they did at school or how they found the new teacher is a great way to encourage them to speak and engage in a conversation. In addition, giving comments and asking questions when appropriate motivate kids to elaborate.
Parents also need to show support and interest in what their kids are saying. Making eye contact, smiling, listening carefully without interruptions, and telling the kids encouraging words show them their opinions are highly interesting and worth listening to.
2. Let kids present to the rest of the family
As parents pay attention to what their kids are saying, they should be able to recognise what topics the kids are mostly interested in and usually bring up. Then they can ask the kids to talk about one of these topics in front of the rest of the family.
Helping kids choose what they will say in the presentation teaches them to prepare well. Writing the main points down on paper and practising saying them out loud beforehand will make them feel more confident.
Parents may also emphasise their kids applying the presentation skills from making eye contact, to using the correct body language and varying their voice tone.
3. Show support
As rehearsals teach kids to speak clearly with a good pace, giving effective feedback in a nice way will make the presentation even easier and easier for kids.
Kids usually feel confident when they receive credit for something they did. Parents should support their kids by telling them encouraging words and appreciating the efforts they are doing.
The more kids feel their parents believe in them, the more confident they will be not only while presenting but even in everyday situations as well.
Bringing it all together…
Presentation skills are important for kids as much as they are for university students and job candidates. They teach kids to communicate with others, better express themselves, prepare well, and be responsible for something. Furthermore, they increase their levels of self-awareness, self-esteem and self-confidence.
Presentation skills involve many components that are highly important to better communicate with the audience and deliver the message. For instance, eye contact means looking at all the audience while presenting and not at only one person. Body language must show confidence and increase engagement while a varied voice tone is intended to keep the audience attentive and focused.
Parents can help kids practise presentation skills first by encouraging them to speak while carefully listening to and making eye contact with them and giving them credit when it is due. Then step by step, parents can teach their kids the different skills and give them the chance to practise them by presenting in front of the whole family. | <urn:uuid:9fd82a2f-3b09-45f3-bbbc-3daf44fe5036> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://learningmole.com/presentation-skills-for-kids/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.963396 | 3,117 | 3.875 | 4 |
Lebanon’s small open economy is not expected to grow particularly fast in 2013 due to the uncertainty of the sectarian violence in neighboring Syria, economy and trade minister Nicolas Nahas said on Monday.
“GDP (gross domestic product) is $40 billion. Due to the Syria crisis and the effect on the (Lebanese) tourism sector, I think we get 2 percent growth in 2012,” Nahas said in an interview with Reuters.
Nahas said he wants to highlight to investors the resiliency of the economy through years of on-and-off conflict and war. He is in New York to speak to investors for the Lebanon Capital Markets day sponsored by emerging markets brokerage Auerbach Grayson.
Lebanon, a nation of about four million people, enjoyed GDP growth of around 7 to 8 percent annually from 2007 to 2010, but that fell off sharply in 2011 after domestic political tensions were followed by the start of the uprising against President Bashar al-Assad in Syria.
“I think, if we get the election in time, that will give a boost to the economy and we get back into the 5 to 6 percent range,” he said, referring to parliamentary elections due to take place in the summer.
Deep-seated sectarian tensions in Lebanon, which fought a ruinous civil war from 1975 to 1990, have been exacerbated by the conflict in Syria, where majority Muslims are fighting to overthrow Assad, who is from the Alawite minority which has its roots in Shi’ite Islam.
“In past years, when there has been a crisis, the growth was down to an average of 2 to 4 percent. Whenever the situation was clear, and there was a kind of easing inside and outside, we were reaching 6 to 9 percent. This pattern has been seen all the time,” Nahas said.
Reporting by Daniel Bases. Editing by James Dalgleish. | <urn:uuid:d1104a22-e6a0-46d8-8120-9d6fefe31114> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://skift.com/2013/03/04/lebanese-tourism-and-economic-growth-worn-down-by-syrian-violence/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718285.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00106-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974355 | 399 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Web Directory @ The V7 Network
Anguilla @ CIA Factbook - https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/av.html
Provides a summary of vital stats of Anguilla. Includes geography, population, birth rate, death rate, life expectancy and economic statistics.Anguilla @ Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anguilla
Offers a brief history of Anguilla along with outlines of the geography, government, demographics and economy of the nation.Anguilla Postal Service - http://www.gov.ai/angstamp/
Anguilla Postal Service Website. Offers information on postal services and rare stamps of Anguilla.Anguilla Tourist Board - http://www.anguilla-vacation.com/
The Official Website of the Anguilla Tourist Board.Government of Anguilla - http://www.gov.ai/
The Official Website of the Government of Anguilla.Guide to Anguilla - http://www.anguillaguide.com/
A comprehensive guide to Anguilla with information on beaches, dining out, travel, islands, shopping, history and things to do. | <urn:uuid:3614e4aa-146a-4014-a769-644c751d8437> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://directory.v7n.com/Top/Regional/Anguilla/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00273-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.702663 | 261 | 1.75 | 2 |
Apr 10, 2016 - 05:39 am .- Among the less-noticed passages of Pope Francis’ new exhortation was a lengthy section on marriage preparation, a subject that the pontiff has repeatedly spoken on, calling for additional focus at the diocesan and parish levels.
Apr 9, 2016 - 06:57 am .- Reflecting on Pope Francis' apostolic exhortation on love in the family, two professors at the John Paul II Institute have emphasized the close ties between integration and conversion, as well as the importance of the Church's established teaching.
Apr 8, 2016 - 04:05 am .- Pope Francis’ latest writings on the family include a strong affirmation of the need to welcome children even in difficult circumstances.
Mar 30, 2016 - 12:31 am .- Under the theme “Love in motion,” more than 25,000 people participated in the ninth annual the Day of the Unborn Child Walk in several cities in Ecuador.
Mar 12, 2016 - 04:02 am .- On Saturday Pope Francis told participants in course on the streamlined annulment process that the main goal of the new norms is pastoral, and seeks to reach out to families suffering from a broken marriage.
Feb 25, 2016 - 04:27 pm .- Noting the sharply increasing costs of weddings, marriage advocates have begun to urge couples to be less extravagant in their nuptial celebrations for the good of their relationships.
Jan 20, 2016 - 03:06 am .- After sustaining a damaged leg tendon in 1982, 34-year old international footballer Jean-Pierre Adams thought that a routine knee surgery at a hospital in Lyon, France would relieve some of his discomfort.
Dec 30, 2015 - 10:04 am .- Of the countless Catholic couples who have come through Father T.G. Morrow's office in Washington D.C. for marriage counseling, two remain imprinted in the priest's mind even today.
Dec 6, 2015 - 04:03 pm .- Italy is facing a swift and dramatic collapse of the institution of marriage, according to a prominent Italian demographer and statistician.
Nov 24, 2015 - 02:31 am .- The Sydney archbishop has strongly defended the freedom of the Catholic Church in response to a legal complaint claiming the Australian bishops’ pastoral letter on marriage violated Tasmania’s strict anti-discrimination law.
Nov 8, 2015 - 03:09 pm .- Father Michael Delcambre looked at his congregation on Sunday and realized he had what other pastors might call an unusual sight: He counted 10 newly married couples sitting right there in the pews, and they were regulars.
Oct 29, 2015 - 06:51 am .- Three new pieces of scholarship released in recent weeks suggest that children do best with married parents and are more likely to face a host of challenges in other situations.
Oct 28, 2015 - 04:25 pm .- College students from across the country will gather in record-breaking numbers to attend a high-powered conference on love, marriage and fidelity this weekend – and a free webcast means anyone can follow along.
Oct 26, 2015 - 05:46 pm .- Aiming to provide uniform spiritual and social support for engaged couples, the Archdiocese of New Orleans has made several changes to its marriage preparation process.
Oct 20, 2015 - 03:11 am .- Consumerism. A culture of distraction. Fear of commitment. These are some of the factors driving today’s young people away from marriage, said a theologian reflecting on the words of Pope Francis in the U.S.
Oct 7, 2015 - 08:10 pm .- A new group called the Marriage Reality Movement aims to help Catholics and others renew the vision of marriage in society.
Oct 4, 2015 - 04:51 am .- In his Sunday Angelus address Pope Francis stressed the role of spouses in generating children, and asked for prayers ahead of the synod discussions beginning tomorrow.
Oct 4, 2015 - 03:18 am .- Pope Francis formally opened the synod of bishops Sunday, telling participants that the union between a man and woman is the foundation of God’s plan for the family, and a solution to the many forms of loneliness in today’s world.
Sep 28, 2015 - 08:31 am .- In a 47 minute Q&A with journalists on his way back to Rome Pope Francis touched on sensitive topics such as forgiving abusers and conscientious objection, as well as the upcoming synod of bishops and women’s ordination.
Sep 28, 2015 - 04:03 am .- Pope Francis told journalists on board his flight to Rome that giving communion to divorced and remarried Catholics is a “simplistic” solution to the issue, and stressed that there are also other problems that need to be discussed. | <urn:uuid:b37a57a6-abb3-4b5f-abac-1f1f82c33021> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/tags/marriage/2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00007-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949704 | 995 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Serbian Dinar (RSD) is the currency of the Republic of Serbia. On the current banknotes are displayed portraits of personalities connected to the history of Serbia and to the National Bank of Serbia. On the coins are shown Serbian monasteries. Abbreviation used in Serbia is din / дин.
Some banknotes are signed by Governor Mladjan Dinkic, Kori Udovički, Radovan Jelasic, Dejan Soskic or by Jorgovanka Tabakovic. Banknotes are distributed in denominations of 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000 and 5000.
Banknotes bearing the National Bank of Yugoslavia are no longer in circulation.
Bank Opening Hours:
Monday-Friday 08:00-19:00, Saturday 08:00 to 15:00. Some of them are open on Sundays.
International credit cards such as Visa and MasterCard are accepted in most shops, hotels and restaurants in Serbia. Diners Club and American Express are not represented so much.
Import and export of local currency does not exceed € 10,000. Import and export of foreign currency is unlimited.
Although acceptable in theory, in practice may be difficult to exchange. Its recommended foreign exchange and credit and debit cards. | <urn:uuid:76f68455-28df-4d72-973a-e87b69eea580> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.serbia-visit.com/en/before-your-trip/currency-a-money/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00263-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.898866 | 266 | 2.125 | 2 |
Meanwhile, the Cuban economy remains in shambles, which raises the questions:
What has Castro done with all of this money?
What benefits have the Cuban people derived from this money?
From El Universal:
USD $18 billion sent to Cuba in last three-years
The cash flow included lending, donation and investment
The Cuban economy did not collapse in the last decade only because of the input from the Venezuelan government. In three years only, USD $18 billion was transferred in the form of loans, investments or grants.
The government of deceased President Hugo Chávez, and now the administration of Nicolás Maduro, never provided details of uncontrolled outlays. However, little by little, official data from Caracas and Havana have provided an estimate of the alliance paid in cash.
In 2008-2011, approximately USD $18 billion was transferred from Venezuela to Cuba by means of funds, loans and investments. Most of it accounted for payment of services and the onerous Bolivarian philanthropy.
The sum of money arises from data collected as part of a research conducted by the Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy (ASCE), based in the United States. To that aim, the official numbers in Cuba were considered.
"We don't know how much is debt and how much is transfer (gift). The impression is that almost all of it is transfer and the debt, if any, is under very favorable conditions," explained Luis R. Luis, the author of the paper, Ph. D in Economy and a member of the ASCE board of directors.
Most of financial flows to Cuba through 2013 come from Venezuela, yet the breakdown is unknown. "Some must be debt, yet the numbers do not show it," Luis said.
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- We Support "Por Otra Cuba" ("For Another Cuba")
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- Irony of the Week: Cuban Democracy Activists vs. H...
- The Tyranny of Experts
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- State: No Alan Gross for Cuban Five (Three) Exchan...
- Tweet of the Day: Castro's Rolex Marxism
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- After Taliban Exchange, Castro Reiterates Ransom D...
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- Over 60 Ladies in White Arrested on Sunday
- On the Taliban Exchange (and Alan Gross)
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By Hannah Seligson | CNN
Why on Earth would you consider two children younger than 3 to a distant island in the center of a international pandemic? I asked myself this question several situations previous thirty day period as I embarked on my to start with attempt to get to St. Martin, my transit place to Anguilla, a Leeward Island in the jap Caribbean Sea.
I was lured to travel in this article by the aquamarine sea, 33 general public shorelines, 80-diploma temperatures, awesome inns and foods. And like everybody else, specifically any father or mother you know, we ended up desperate to get out of the house with our children to someplace warm where they could be outdoors and in the water.
But we could have picked any warm-weather location in North The us or the Caribbean for that. We selected Anguilla for the prospect of a Covid-no cost vacation spot.
There has been no local community transmission of Covid-19 on Anguilla due to the fact March, in accordance to the tourism board, and the CDC places the British overseas territory in the elite Amount 1 classification — its lowest danger tier.
In addition to the protection dimension, there’s yet another attract: travelers coming back again to New York from Anguilla are not required to quarantine simply because the place has managed the pandemic so perfectly by remaining shut until finally November and implementing strict entry protocols.
Even in the very best of times, Anguilla is challenging to get to — either two flights from New York or a flight and a boat — producing it an upmarket, but not stuffy, desired destination. I experienced visited Anguilla in 2018, ideal just after Hurricane Irma devastated the island. When I was eager to see how a tiny island was as soon as once again controlling a return to tourism, its CDC Stage 1 standing was absolutely the No. 1 explanation we selected Anguilla.
There, we could enter a “vacation bubble” — designed so that motels and resorts can offer visitors access to a range of amenities and functions inside a restricted space. (Guests are not cleared to freely roam the island right up until passing a destructive PCR exam on day 14 of their continue to be, or day 10 if they are coming from a reduced-risk state.)
A difficult arrival
Our trip acquired off to an inauspicious commence, to say the minimum.
The relatives trek that began at 5 a.m. on a Friday at the end of December ended in us missing our flight, then shelling out six far more several hours in two airports in a determined attempt to rebook.
Was this the greatest possibility calculation? Perhaps not. But after having packed and well prepared to go on the road with a little one and a toddler, my spouse and I went into our persevere-at-all-expenses vacation method.
Following that debacle, my full household, including my preschool-age daughter and 9-and-50 %-thirty day period-previous son, went on standby to get retested since our preliminary Covid-19 exam outcomes for admission to Anguilla were being because of to expire that working day.
This is Anguilla’s initially line of protection versus the pandemic: necessitating vacationers to wait at the very least 72 hours following a adverse exam just before traveling there. This policy — mandating a hole between the check outcome and vacation date — is the equal of building a moat in front of the castle walls.
I came to phrases that we weren’t obtaining on a aircraft that Friday and we all went dwelling — momentarily. A couple of hours afterwards, I dragged every person to Swift Examination Centre on the Higher West Aspect, exactly where they demand $250 for fast PCR tests.
The multiple airports and Covid tests in New York weren’t the entire extent of our odyssey, due to the fact there are now no direct professional flights to Anguilla’s little airstrip (private jets, nonetheless, are abundant and handy for individuals who can afford to pay for that route).
So soon after we had been cleared to go away two times later, my family members took the common technique of entry to Anguilla: a 4-hour flight from New York to Saint Martin (Sint Maarten in Dutch), adopted by a luggage transfer, limited journey by van, immigration examine, non-public boat experience to Anguilla, a 2nd Covid examination on arrival, and then an additional spherical of luggage transfer, immigration and a van trip to the resort. (Do not accuse me of promising the journey to Anguilla is uncomplicated — even without having little young children and a pandemic.)
There was a important monetary investment decision at stake as properly: Anguilla opened its borders in November but with an asterisk. In their possess phrases: “Anguilla is open to pre-approved visitors.” So I utilized, compensated the expected expenses — $1,350 for my family — to protect our screening on the island (not together with testing prior to arrival), supplied proof of insurance policies and examine up on the working experience of coming into a Covid-free of charge fortress as a vacationer.
Inside of a luxurious Caribbean Covid fortress
I knew there was a getaway bubble, and we experienced to stay at our resort right until we received the outcomes of our arrival PCR exams. Nonetheless, I did not totally realize how that tracked with the assure I designed to my just about 3-year-outdated that we had been heading by way of all this stress so she could swim in a pool the Moment we arrived.
Following a scenic, open up-air, ocean spray-and-rain-speckled 30-moment ride on the ferry (imagine compact boat with an outboard motor that seats a dozen men and women max) throughout Simpsons Bay Lagoon in Saint Martin and Anguilla Channel, we arrived at Anguilla’s sole passenger port, the Blowing Stage Ferry Terminal.
We were being administered our arrival PCR take a look at in an open-air facility nestled involving the dock and the border manage write-up, experienced our passports checked and then we bundled into a personal chartered van.
At prolonged final, we arrived at Belmond Cap Juluca, one of the crown jewels of the Caribbean set on the idyllic Maundays Bay. The jaw-dropping elegance of the area promptly built the ordeal worthwhile.
But there would be no dip in the major pool right up until we cleared our arrival examination. I uncovered it tricky to reveal to my daughter that Anguilla has caught a handful of scenarios via this two-phase testing protocol so no big pool till tomorrow.
By the upcoming morning, however, when we uncovered that our Covid checks arrived back again detrimental, it started to really feel like a normal family vacation. The sand was tender, Maundays Seaside was postcard-picture ideal and we’d all (practically) forgotten all the swabs, planes and boats it took to get there.
Cap Juluca is section of Anguilla’s vacation bubble — a consortium of eating places and inns, together with the 4 Seasons, Malliouhana, Zemi Beach front Home and CuisinArt, to which visitors are constrained for the duration of any trip underneath two months, as perfectly as the taxis that can be hired to whisk visitors concerning bubble web-sites.
This involves limitations on strolling down a beach from a resort residence or exiting its gates on foot or bicycle even though you are still in the family vacation bubble. (All those keeping a lot more than 10 days have the potential to examination out of the holiday vacation bubble and take off the red bracelet that flags quarantined visitors and citizens. In December, two visitors were fined $5,000 for going outside the house of the tourist bubble during their quarantine time period.)
In the bubble, my daughter manufactured a buddy and it almost made me cry tears of pleasure that they could participate in in the sand and ocean devoid of masks.
A quieter peak season
In contrast to St. Barths, which was just about wholly offered out throughout festive period in December, according to their tourism board, Anguilla is a very little significantly less on the radar, or just a quite nicely-retained magic formula for individuals who examine the CDC listing of very low-possibility Covid locations.
“The tests protocols had been not palatable to our traditional festive guests,” corroborated Haydn Hughes, Anguilla’s minister for tourism. (“Festive” is the field phrase for the peak demand time period of yr-close holiday getaway journey.) “They have been visiting the island for numerous many years and like the ability to dine about and appreciate Anguilla. They have provided this 12 months a go, but we could not compromise the wellbeing of our citizens, so we experienced to enact strict protocols even at the threat of achievable poor arrival quantities,” he added.
But that’s the selling price of going to a destination that has this sort of very little community distribute of the coronavirus that there is no mask mandate for residents, a scarce scenario wherever it is really not wanted.
Even now, there have been indicators that superior time experienced arrived and the island has its video game deal with on. Private planes ended up jetting in. More than the very last weekend of December, Belmond Cap Juluca observed occupancy levels of about 70%. The outdoor Sunset Lounge at the 4 Seasons Resort was even now a lively — but socially distanced — scene. Tables for New Year’s Eve had been going for amongst $5,000 and $15,000.
Celeste, the restaurant at the glamorous Malliouhana, has a new, youthful talented chef, Angelica Ampil, who is upping the ante on the previously sturdy culinary scene on the island.
There is no escaping the pandemic, but Anguilla’s actions gave me some peace of intellect, a headspace that is progressively tricky to find these times. And that sometimes comes at a significant price tag that undoubtedly does not make Anguilla a wonderful travel equalizer.
Existence on Anguilla does not experience like a typical freewheeling vacationer knowledge. There are some absurdities like possessing to pay $25 for a taxi ride to go 50 percent a mile since motion is so restricted. And spas may possibly not open until finally the second quarter of 2021.
Little one techniques towards having back again to normal
But the holiday bubble is, in the long run, reassuring for Anguilla people and guests.
By natural means, some in the hospitality market, which was at a overall standstill for nine months and accounts for 95% of the island’s economic climate, say the government’s actions go a bit much too significantly.
“I imagine the quarantine period of time could be shortened,” reported a restaurant employee at an institution in the getaway bubble that is usually bustling during the holiday getaway season but was 50 percent whole that final 7 days of December.
Hughes said there has been “tremendous pressure” to unwind Anguilla’s principles, but the authorities refused. “We observed the escalating conditions of Covid throughout the globe, particularly in our major marketplaces,” he claimed.
Like other smaller islands with constrained accessibility, the economic affect of the world wide pandemic is palpable on the island. “People are going hungry. The condition is dire for several families,” an employee at a person Anguilla’s top luxurious motels confided.
Continue to, the prevailing sentiment on the island appears to be that when its denizens desperately want tourism bucks to funnel into the economy, they are not eager to sacrifice the health of their close friends and spouse and children because the health care procedure on Anguilla is already fragile.
“The important objective of Anguilla’s technique is to make residents really feel safe and sound,” mentioned Tiago Moraes Sarmento, the standard supervisor of Belmond Cap Juluca and a member of Anguilla’s tourism board. “We needed to start off with little one actions,” he said. “Ultimately, we want Anguilla to be the safest destination in the earth.”
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Pan-African Congress for the Catholic Laity
Being Witnesses of Jesus Christ in Africa Today: “Salt of the Earth and Light of the World” is the theme of the upcoming Pan-African Congress for the Catholic Laity, which will be held in Yaounde, Cameroon, from 4-9 September 2012. The Congress, which is being organized by the Pontifical Council for the Laity, is part of the Council’s tradition to hold continental and/or regional gatherings for Catholic lay people in various parts of the world.
The decision to hold the Congress in Africa is related to the Holy Father’s visit to Cameroon and Angola (17-23 March 2009) and his more recent visit to Benin (18-20 November 2011) to sign the Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation, Africae Munus.
It is hoped that the Congress will encourage the laity take an active and co-responsible role in the Church’s mission and witness to their faith in Jesus Christ in Africa today.
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Ryunosuke Akutagawa: Rashomon and Seventeen Other Stories
I first encountered the work of Ryunosuke Akutagawa as an undergraduate at Bristol University. I used to go every week to see a subtitled foreign film, put on I think by the film studies department. This was my introduction to world cinema.
The first sequence of films I saw included some classics of Japanese cinema, mostly by the brilliant director Akira Kurosawa.
One of the first of these films – and one that impressed me so much I can still play back key scenes in my mind decades later – was ‘Rashomon’. It was much later that I learned it was based on two stories by Akugatawa. These are the first in the Penguin Classics collection: Rashomon and Seventeen Other Stories.
‘Rashomon’, the first of these, is based on a 12th-century tale, and was first published in 1915 when Akutagawa was a 23-year-old student. It’s set in the crumbling gatehouse at the southern entrance to Kyoto and the avenue leading to the imperial palace during the dying days of the Heian period. The tale is set at the decaying end of the era, and the once-magnificent gate is in ruins. Only the scruffy servant, who has a weird encounter among the corpses that are abandoned in the roof chamber, survives in the film, which preserves the rain-soaked setting but not the dark, cynical tale itself.
‘In a Bamboo Grove’, the second story, provides the main influence on Kurosawa’s 1950 film, which is also told from multiple points of view, each of them adding a twist, and warping the reader’s perspective of ‘reality’. None of the conflicting accounts is entirely reliable, and all are cynically self-serving.
The other four in this group of early Akutagawa stories, grouped under the heading ‘A World in Decay’ by the translator, Jay Rubin, are also re-tellings of medieval Japanese folktales. The best is ‘Hell Screen’, about an artist’s Faustian obsession with creating the perfect representation of reality in his work.
The second section, ‘Under the Sword’, begins with two stories set in the early seventeenth century, when the Tokugawa government began to change its policy of tolerance towards the Portuguese Jesuit missionaries who’d begun arriving in Japan in 1549. Like Martin Scorsese’s new film, ‘Silence’, based on the 1966 novel of the same name by Shusaku Endo (which was also filmed in 1971 by Masahiro Shinoda in Japanese), ‘O-Gin’ portrays the regime’s increasingly violent persecution of Christians.
Akutagawa’s stories are dominated by the moral and cultural convulsions he and his country were experiencing as a result of the modernising, westernising tendencies of the early twentieth century in Japan.
The final group is called ‘Akutagawa’s Own Story’. These stories were written in the period of increasing mental instability (he feared that he would inherit his late mother’s madness) that culminated in his untimely suicide at the age of thirty-five.
Here Akutagawa changed his literary approach dramatically. It’s a series of fragmentary cathartic semi-autobiographical narratives, scrupulously depicting mundane, even trivial surroundings and a protagonist-narrator whose world and sanity, like his narrative, is fragmenting and distorting like a nightmare Expressionist montage film sequence. The technique and neurotic, introspective content are familiar to any reader of the angst-ridden works by the likes of Knut Hamsun, Dostoevsky, Strindberg (both of whom have works mentioned in the final story) and Kafka.
‘The Life of a Stupid Man’, the penultimate story, contains 51 loosely linked fragments. Section 49, “A Stuffed Swan”, ends with these chillingly reflexive words:
Once he had finished writing “The Life of a Stupid Man”, he happened to see a stuffed swan in a secondhand shop. It stood with its head held high, but its wings were yellowed and moth-eaten. As he thought about his life, he felt both tears and mockery welling up inside him. All that lay before him was madness or suicide. He walked down the darkening street alone, determined now to wait for the destiny that would come to annihilate him.
The final story, ‘Spinning Gears’, which was first published posthumously, shows this disintegrating persona finally descending into hell. It’s deeply disturbing, as the narrator struggles to write while tormented by visions of his dead mother, and terrifying hallucinations of the eponymous spinning gears. The fifth of its six sections begins, with characteristic bleakness:
Now the light of the sun became a source of agony for me. A mole indeed, I lowered the blinds and kept electric lights burning as I forged on with my story.
The narrator flees from a bar, where he’d drunk a whiskey to try to ease his malaise, and feels the desire, ‘like Raskolnikov’, to confess ‘everything [he] had done.’ His nerves are in tatters. The desolate ending leaves the reader feeling much the same.
This is an uneven collection: as Haruki Murakami says in his introduction, the best stories are outstandingly good. The less successful ones are still worth a look.
And if you’ve never seen a Kurosawa film, I’d urge you to seek one out. Then read these stories.
Grant Rintoul wrote a fine post on Akutagawa’s story ‘Hell Screen’ recently as part of his story-a-day-for-Advent project at his 1stReading’s blog: link HERE | <urn:uuid:996fd42f-c020-4098-82f4-015053412da6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://tredynasdays.co.uk/2016/12/descent-kyoto-hell/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00059-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968295 | 1,283 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Tiny houses have introduced a "less is more" approach to housing. The average size of a tiny house is approximately 180 square feet. That's almost 15 times less than the typical size of an American home at 2600 square feet, according to the United States Census Bureau.
A drastic downsize isn't easy – and it's not meant for every homeowner. However, there are different tips the Tiny House movement can teach people about how to declutter, organize and repurpose homes of all sizes.
Pare down to the essentials
We're accustomed to having a variety of material possessions, but it's important to skip the extras. If you want to declutter your home, keep only essential items. The Tiny Living blog stresses the importance of "buying intentionally" and learning "quality vs. quantity." Homeowners should understand when an item brings value to a space or just adds more clutter.
If you're focusing on smaller spaces such as closets, junk drawers and old storage containers, decluttering can be somewhat simple. Create piles and decide what items you want to keep, donate, sell or toss. As you become more comfortable with purging unnecessary items, try to tackle larger spaces such as your garage or attic. Remember, this process will help you find space for the things that truly matter!
Create clever storage solutions
Almost every item in your home should have a designated storage place. Find innovative ways to store – or even hide – your belongings to reduce even more clutter. Couches and other seating such as built-in benches can serve as storage space or even hidden compost areas.
If you live in a two-story home, get creative with whatever space you have under your stairs. Add pullout drawers, shelving, a desk or reading nook. Also, you can create drawers in the "dead space" that isn't normally used. Good Housekeeping explains how toe kick drawers, pull-down ceiling shelves and shallow floor storage are other crafty ways to organize your items.
Transform your space for multiple purposes
Most tiny house designs are multifunctional. This is mainly because tiny house owners need innovative ways to sleep, eat, cook, work and relax in the same area. Although you might not be living in a 180 square foot space, there are techniques to bring similar design styles to a regular-sized home.
One solution is to find items or areas in your space that serve more than one purpose. Pull-out sofas can function as a place to relax with your friends and loved ones, but they also provide extra sleeping space for guests. In offices or designated homework areas around the house, you might consider using stackable chairs, folding desks or portable tables where necessary. The IKEA PS 2014 furniture collection is one of many choices shoppers have when it comes to versatile furniture solutions.
All homeowners can learn a thing or two from tiny house living. By implementing some of these "tiny tricks" in your own home, you can create a minimalistic and more sustainable living area! | <urn:uuid:9d208327-bcfa-4359-9934-4e269b803d9c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.saveonenergy.com/energy-saving-tips/sustainable-tiny-house-tips/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00365-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946157 | 620 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Diabetes is estimated to be the sixth leading cause of death in the U.S., and is found to occur disproportionately in minority populations. The prevalence of diabetes increased by ~ 50 % from 1990 to 2000, and is still on the rise. The estimated total national cost of diabetes in 2007 was $174 billion, the majority going directly to medical expenditures. In response to this epidemic, there are currently more than 350 candidate drugs in development making diabetes second only to cancer in health-related R&D focus. Considering that adverse cardiovascular events such as heart attack and stroke are the major causes of diabetes related deaths, the FDA recently issued a Guidance for Industry entitled, "Diabetes Mellitus ~ Evaluating Cardiovascular Risk in New Antidiabetic Therapies to Treat Type 2 Diabetes", which recommends that new clinical trials for type 2 antidiabetic therapies demonstrate that the therapy will not result in an unacceptable increase in cardiovascular risk. Currently there are no standard markers for cardiovascular risk in the context of type 2 diabetes. We have created a highly integrated, multidisciplinary research team specifically assembled to discover, validate and translate novel biomarkers for cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes for use within drug development. The envisioned biomarkers will better predict the onset of cardiovascular disease in the context of type 2 diabetes and help define the optimal therapeutic or pharmaceutical interventions to significantly improve patient outcomes.
Long standing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) frequently results in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and associated adverse medical outcomes such as heart attack and stroke. Reports in the past few years have found no or limited correlation between T2DM treatment options and the reduction of CVD comorbidities in diabetic populations. Accordingly, there is an immediate and urgent need for the development of in vivo biomarkers of CVD risk and translation of new findings and technologies into antidiabetic drug development pipelines. Thus, the goal of this project is to establish the pathway for discovery, validation and translation of new biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in diabetes.
|Borges, Chad R; Sherma, Nisha D (2014) Techniques for the analysis of cysteine sulfhydryls and oxidative protein folding. Antioxid Redox Signal 21:511-31|
|Borges, Chad R; Rehder, Douglas S; Jensen, Sally et al. (2014) Elevated plasma albumin and apolipoprotein A-I oxidation under suboptimal specimen storage conditions. Mol Cell Proteomics 13:1890-9|
|Oran, Paul E; Trenchevska, Olgica; Nedelkov, Dobrin et al. (2014) Parallel workflow for high-throughput (>1,000 samples/day) quantitative analysis of human insulin-like growth factor 1 using mass spectrometric immunoassay. PLoS One 9:e92801|
|Yassine, Hussein; Borges, Chad R; Schaab, Matthew R et al. (2013) Mass spectrometric immunoassay and MRM as targeted MS-based quantitative approaches in biomarker development: potential applications to cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Proteomics Clin Appl 7:528-40|
|Borges, Chad R; Rehder, Douglas S; Boffetta, Paolo (2013) Multiplexed surrogate analysis of glycotransferase activity in whole biospecimens. Anal Chem 85:2927-36|
|Krastins, Bryan; Prakash, Amol; Sarracino, David A et al. (2013) Rapid development of sensitive, high-throughput, quantitative and highly selective mass spectrometric targeted immunoassays for clinically important proteins in human plasma and serum. Clin Biochem 46:399-410| | <urn:uuid:37f4ea1f-34ee-416a-9771-ac9824812102> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R24-DK090958-04 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00185-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.868023 | 772 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Rajiv, 27, is a teacher in a private school. During last week, while coming back from the office, his motorcycle was hit by a car coming from the other side, and as a result, he got badly injured and hospitalized for a week. After getting discharged from the hospital, he spent two weeks at home.
Now, he is fine and will resume his work in a few days. However, there is one question that is pestering him—how will I commute? His motorcycle is damaged beyond recognition, and he doesn’t have enough funds to get it repaired, as all his savings went into his medical treatment.
Rajiv could have easily avoided being in such a situation if he had insured his vehicle, but he did not. Rajiv is not the only person who has not insured his two-wheeler.
According to the survey conducted by ICICI Lombard, around 75% of two-wheelers in India either run without insurance or their policy has lapsed. It is a shocking figure not only because a large number of people are driving without the insurance, but also because they are able to do it when third-party motor insurance is compulsory in India.
According to the World Health Organization report (WHO), around 16.6 lakh people died in road accidents in India in 2013-14. The most vulnerable lot is of the motorcyclists who constitute for 23% of all road traffic deaths in the country. In Nagpur, motorists were involved in 13% of the total accidents that occurred this year.
Besides the damage to a vehicle, what would happen if the person involved in an accident gets seriously injured? Apart from the repairing expenses of the vehicle, medical expenses will also crop up. So, where is the solution?
A way out: Insure your ride
Two-wheeler insurance is a valuable tool that can protect your hard earned money and loved ones in case of theft or any damage due to an unwanted situation. It is always advised to buy two-wheeler insurance before taking a vehicle onto the road; however, many people consider it as an unnecessary expense and avoid buying it. Two-wheeler insurance plays an important role following an accident, theft or general damage to a vehicle.
Here are some of the advantages of two-wheeler policies:
1. Serious mishaps
You could be too tired or distracted, and before you know it, there is a crash. Even it may not be your fault, but the outcome has to be faced by you.
One can never be ready for accidents. Even if you escape with minor injuries, your vehicle may undergo damage. In the absence of any insurance policy, you may have to write off the vehicle entirely. On the other hand, someone with insurance coverage would be able to carry out costly repairs.
2. Post- accident medical expenses
Before shrugging off two-wheeler insurance completely, think of what would happen if the other party involved in the accident suffers major injuries?
An unfortunate accident can push the at-fault driver into bankruptcy, especially when he/she is uninsured. If your fault sends other persons to the hospital, you would be legally liable to bear their medical expenses.
In the case of no major physical injuries, you would need to pay for damages caused to their vehicle. To top it all, if someone slams you with a lawsuit, you would have to bear legal expenses also. However, comprehensive bike insurance can take care of all these expenses.
There is no getting away from the danger of two-wheeler thefts in India. According to police records, vehicle thefts have increased in Gurgaon.
Around 3,240 vehicles were stolen and snatched in Gurgaon in 2014, as compared to 3,190 in 2013, of which 2,850 were two-wheelers. If you have two-wheeler insurance, the financial impact of theft will not affect you.
With two-wheeler insurance, you can be rest assured that in the case of unforeseen circumstances, you are insured.
Add riders to two-wheeler insurance for extra safety-
For most people, a two-wheeler is still the first vehicle which they own before moving to a car. With the availability of various options in the market, from scooters to high-end sports bikes, the popularity of two-wheelers is on the rise. Here are some of the riders which can be added to the main two-wheeler insurance policy to expand the coverage.
- Cover for pillion rider: By buying this cover, you can protect the pillion rider or dependents from financial hardships in the case of any accident leading to death or disability.
- Return to invoice: It ensures that at the time of loss or damage, the insurer will get complete reimbursement of the actual value of the vehicle. It is applicable only in case of total loss or damage to the vehicle due to theft or natural disasters.
- Roadside assistance: It ensures that quick round-the-clock service reaches you in the case of flat tyre, running out of fuel, etc. It proves to be useful in case your vehicle breaks down in an isolated place.
- Daily cash allowance: Assuming your two-wheeler is severely damaged and needs repair at the service center, you may be left stranded for a week without a vehicle in case you use it for your daily commuting. In this case, the insurer gives daily cash allowance to meet your daily transport expenses.
Buy two-wheeler insurance for a peace of mind-
By driving an uninsured two-wheeler, you are not just putting yourself and your family at risk but are also endangering the lives of third-party. You never know when your luck might run out, and you need bike insurance. The new Road Transport and Safety Bill has proposed hefty penalties on vehicles without insurance. So, if you haven’t purchased a one, do it now. After all, it is all about the safety of yours and your vehicle!
You will also like to read:
Views presented in the article are those of the author and not of ED. | <urn:uuid:9553d28a-032b-425b-b2d6-2a7ab7487b50> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://economydecoded.com/2016/08/why-should-you-not-start-your-bike-ride-without-insurance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00365-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978619 | 1,255 | 1.773438 | 2 |
The mystique of the Chelsea Hotel has achieved cult-like status over the decades, due to the parade of counterculture icons that have alighted there for famous nights, epic summer sojourns, and, in some cases, incomprehensible decades. The list is long—Patti Smith and Robert Mapplethorpe; Janis Joplin and the song Leonard Cohen wrote about her; Andy Warhol and the movie he made about the place; Sid and Nancy, whose room is still a destination for a certain kind of pilgrim; poet Dylan Thomas, who wrote the lines “Do not go gentle into that good night / Old age should burn and rave at close of day / Rage, rage against the dying of the light,” which could all but be the motto of Dreaming Walls—a strange new film about a strange old place.
Filmmakers Amélie van Elmbt and Maya Duverdier were themselves particularly inspired by Smith and Mapplethorpe, and the ethos of the New York art world in the 1970s as described in Smith’s book Just Kids. As it was for many others, the Chelsea Hotel was on the must-see list when the filmmakers arrived in New York City. And, also like many others, when they finally arrived they were surprised, and a bit saddened, by what they found. “The Chelsea was closed to the public because of major renovations. The plaster was falling off the walls,” they recall. “What we discovered was so far away from the ideal image of this mythical building we had in our minds.”
The hotel has mostly reopened, as of a couple of months ago, but not entirely. As chronicled in the film, the years-long renovations seeking to transform this fleabag masterpiece into a luxurious boutique hotel hit more than a few snags—mostly because of the stalwart and frequently elderly holdouts whose rent-controlled status gives them a contentious but permanent foothold in the proceedings. On their first trip, van Elmbt and Duverdier met one such character, the inimitable Merle Lister, an avant-garde dancer whose storied background and enduring creative spark energize what might otherwise be a tale about personal, architectural, and cultural decline.
Against a borderline haunted-house setting of empty hallways, plastic construction sheeting, drywall, ladders, glaziers, constant noise, and gossip the film introduces about a dozen central characters who are attempting to live out their lives in their chosen temple. Artists, performers, writers, and folks who have outlived their own misspent but fascinating youths—some in their 40s, some in their 80s and 90s—each get the chance to welcome us into their besieged, decrepit, history-laden lairs, to tell their own tales one last time for the record, and to share their thoughts on the direction the extensive renovations are taking.
It’s intriguing and funny and sad and a little bit heartbreaking—but it’s also an important film for anyone who cares about New York City history, and a thoughtful counterpoint to more sensational narratives about this immortal landmark. ❖
Watch on-demand beginning July 8: magpictures.com/dreamingwalls.
Advertising disclosure: We may receive compensation for some of the links in our stories. Thank you for supporting the Village Voice and our advertisers. | <urn:uuid:4a744a86-8340-4c37-ade9-bb9c7806a6e5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.villagevoice.com/2022/07/08/dreaming-walls-inside-the-chelsea-hotel-is-a-strange-movie-about-a-strange-place/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.955548 | 706 | 1.5 | 2 |
Is distance education appropriate for my situation?
Whatever your situation may be, distance education is ready for you. In some cases, though, distance education can be especially beneficial—or even the only option available to you. This eight-question quiz covers different situations that are ideal for distance education. Try it out to see whether they apply to you!
Would you like to take a course or two to get ahead while you are still registered at another CEGEP?
After analyzing your situation, your CEGEP may issue an authorization (commandite) to study at Cégep à distance while you are still registered with them. Please see the Student already enrolled in another CEGEP section for more information.
Are your commitments as a student-athlete preventing you from taking as many courses as you’d like to?
Cégep à distance is a member of the Alliance Sport-Études and a partner of the Ligue de hockey junior majeur du Québec (LHJMQ). We help high-level student-athletes balance the demands of training, competitions, and studying and provide special academic support services. Take a look at our Alliance Sport-études section for more details.
Do you need a university pre-requisite?
Lots of Cégep à distance courses are pre-requisites for certain university programs. Check our list of pre-requisites.
Are you missing just a couple of courses to get your diploma?
Cégep à distance offers lots of general education and complementary courses that are mandatory for a diploma of college studies (DEC). Even though we might not offer the DEC you want, you can take your missing courses with us.
Will taking courses help you get a promotion or a new job?
At Cégep à distance, you can take a few courses of your own choice, courses to help you complete your DEC, or courses leading to a complete DEC or AEC. Browse through our site to find out more about our course offerings and contact us to find out how we can help you achieve your goals.
Is travel preventing you from taking courses?
Even if you are travelling abroad, you can study at Cégep à distance and often even take your exams abroad. Contact us to find out how we can help you achieve your goals.
Are you having trouble finding the courses you want in your region?
Distance education is the perfect solution if the courses you want are not offered in your region or not offered when you want to take them. At Cégep à distance, you can register any time!
If you answered yes to any of these questions, Cégep à distance might be the right solution for you!
If you are wondering whether you will succeed as a distance education student or if you want to know more about the value of this type of training, read on:
Quiz 2: Do I have what it takes to succeed at distance education?
Quiz 3: Truth or fiction: Eight myths and realities about distance education. | <urn:uuid:02b98c82-67b6-42aa-baa1-984d1d0e6b81> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dev.cegepadistance.ca/en/home/studying-at-cegep-a-distance/discover-studying-at-cegep-a-distance/quizzes/quiz-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.930925 | 629 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Austin, TX (PRWEB) July 09, 2013
Following a selective application process, MTPV (http://www.mtpv.com) has been selected to present its breakthrough technology for converting heat to electricity using semiconductor chips at SEMICON West’s Silicon Innovation Forum (http://www.semiconwest.org/sif). MTPV will join several other pre-vetted innovators as they present at this year’s forum.
MTPV creates semiconductor chips that convert heat directly into electricity. Much like a solar panel will convert sunlight into electricity, MTPV chips are able to convert any source of heat into electricity with breakthrough efficiency and power.
SEMICON West is the flagship annual event for the global microelectronics industry. It is the premier event for the display of new products and technologies for microelectronics design and manufacturing, featuring technologies from across the microelectronics supply chain. More than semiconductors, SEMICON West is also a showcase for emerging markets and technologies born from the microelectronics industry, including micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), photovoltaics (PV), flexible electronics and displays, nano-electronics, solid state lighting (LEDs), and related technologies.
“To be selected to present at the forum is quite an honor for our semiconductor team,” said David Mather, President and co-CEO of MTPV. “Our clean energy story usually gets most of the attention, so it is a great opportunity to be recognized for our innovation in the semiconductor industry as well.”
About MTPV Power Corporation (http://www.mtpv.com)
MTPV is a clean energy semiconductor chip company using its breakthrough technology to harness the world’s waste heat and convert it to electricity. For more information, visit http://www.mtpv.com | <urn:uuid:df6c0d4e-7041-41bd-b61a-5b6fb1c9ae66> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.prweb.com/releases/2013/7/prweb10909227.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00383-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.901133 | 401 | 1.992188 | 2 |
The overall aim of the proposed research is the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of the brain opiod systems. Mu, delta and K opioid receptors mediate the actions of opioid drugs and the three classes of opioid peptides, beta- endorphin, the enkephalins and dynorphin-related peptides, upon nervous tissue. Experiments are designed to examine 1) the regulation of opioid receptors and peptides in adult brain by exogenously adminisstered opioids and 2) the regulation of the expression of opioid receptors and peptides in development. this laboratory has demonstrated that chronic antagonist treatment produces a coordinated upregulation of mu and delta receptors and an increase in enkephalin levels in several brain regions. Long- term exposrue of cells to delta opioids is known to produce receptor downregulation in vitro, but not in vivo. This research proposal aims to extend these phenomenological observations to a molecular mechanistic level. A combination of receptor readioautographyc and molecular biological techniques will be used to elucidate the molecular event s underlying opioid receptor and peptide regulation in vivo. Specifically, the following questions will be addressed: 1) Do exogenous opioids alter opioid receptor and peptide synthesis rates? 2) Does this occur at the transcriptional or translational levels? 3) Are opioid peptides and receptors regulated differnetially throughout the brain? the second section of the proposal aims to identify factors which influence opioid receptor and peptide expression in development. Primary cultures of striatal and hypothalamic neurons will be used as model systems to study the effects of neuronotrophic factors, innervation, cell-cell contact and target organ interactions upon opioid receptor and peptide expression. Together, these studies are expected to provide important new information about the regulation of this major transmitter-receptor system of the central nervous system and to elucidate mechanisms underlying opioid tolerance and dependence.
|Effective start/end date||4/1/87 → 12/31/90|
Explore the research topics touched on by this project. These labels are generated based on the underlying awards/grants. Together they form a unique fingerprint. | <urn:uuid:5c1b726f-65d4-434b-9a4c-3cbc9ebce8dc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/projects/regulation-of-brain-opioid-receptors-and-peptides | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.866545 | 459 | 1.898438 | 2 |
By GuruPrem Singh Khalsa
We don’t create love, make love, or fall in love. We participate in love. Love is a way we experience truth.
When we act in love, we grow and change and add to the beauty of the world and our lives. When we learn to do things with love, we merge with that love. The wisdom to “obey, serve, love, and excel” gives us a formula to experience our excellence. Formulas, like road maps, provide a surety that we can get there from here. All you need do is follow the formula.
Love is free. Trust is earned. As a parent I try to protect and cover my children by having them live within the rules and structure of the household. If the rules are broken, it violates trust. They might complain that you don’t love them when receiving the consequences of breaking rules. I tell my kids, “My love has not changed. Your behavior needs to be adjusted. The rules of our house make this home a safe haven, full of love. Follow the rules, earn trust.
Yogi Bhajan says, “Love is the experience of selflessness within ones self.” Live for more than your own selfish feelings. Live for others, serve, and you will experience love! You will feel and be excellent.”
In a relationship, we don’t actually love the other person; we love our own fulfillment. Most people think they are in love if they have a comfortable, though dualistic, relationship with another person. This “love” often means simply enjoying the feeling of being with or thinking about another person. It’s true that just thinking about someone can create the feeling we call love. But feelings change. In fact, love can change to resentment, anger, and even hate because what we call love is based on duality. Most relationships are based in this “love,” which differs greatly from a love that grows in a committed relationship. Committed love keeps expanding and growing in the infinite and limitless identity of the formless creator, God.
What I am trying to describe is a holy covenant based on the trinity of two bodies and one soul, all living in the grace of Guru’s guidance. The goal of a spiritual marriage is to become two bodies and one soul. As we learn to live for another human, as a husband or wife, we reshape our consciousness. Marriage is the yoga of family life, the grist ashram. The Gurbani word grist has the same root as the English word grist, as in ‘mill.’ Marriage grinds and refines the ego so that we can live in the infinite flow of life and love, merged in one another.
Remember that Guru is defined as “the One who moves us from darkness to light.” With the Guru’s guidance, we can synergize relationships and bring light to the heart of those who participate with us in love, merge with us in love, and, by our sides, know fulfillment because of love.
Marriage is also a metaphor for our relationship to our Guru. Our souls are brides longing for our husband, the Infinite God. My Guru, the Siri Guru Granth Sahib models the kind of love we can experience in the world and in our relationships, through service. By the grace of God and Guru and the gratitude that it imbues in the heart, we serve humanity selflessly and, in this way, come to know true love. We can experience love when we become capable of sacrifice. The word sacrifice means “to make sacred.” We offer our bodies, our time, and our energy as a sacrifice. We strive to love selflessly, we are fulfilled, and this fulfillment is the gift of love.
Guru Prem Singh Khalsa was named 'Posture Master' by Yogi Bhajan. He is a Master Yogi and he has been practicing and teaching Yoga for over 30 years. He is certified K.R.I. Kundalini Yoga teacher trainer and an advanced Kundalini and Ashtanga Yoga practitioner. An expert on body awareness in relation to personal growth, he travels all over the world teaching the tools and rules of Divine Alignment and having your Heart Rule.
GuruPrem has had an active practice at the World famous Khalsa Medical Clinic in Beverly Hills as a structural, breath, and Yogic and Massage Therapist for over 28 years. He understands the body, and can read its patterns of tension and breathing.
The author of three books, The Heart Rules, Divine Alignment and the new Everyday Devotion, GuruPrem is also a musician, producer and composer. He has produced and arranged more than twelve albums of Mantra music, Chanting, Kirtan, Gurbani and Spiritual Songs including the new Suite: Kirtan Sohila, The Heart Rules, Tantric Har, Aquarian Sadhana, The Therapy Series with Nirinjan, and more. | <urn:uuid:d9946baa-d035-4b3d-97bd-884f507b790b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.3ho.org/3ho-lifestyle/authentic-relationships/love/formula-love?language=es | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00529-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953164 | 1,048 | 2.109375 | 2 |
The toilet is one plumbing fixture that everyone needs to work well. The toilet must fill, the toilet must flush, and if everything is in proper working order, the toilet will do these things with minimal noise and hassle. Of course, there are many times when the plumbing of a toilet does not go with the flow, so to speak, and requires a little toilet TLC.
Any gravity toilet will include a fill valve, which controls the flow of fresh water into the toilet tank. It is attached to a water-supply connector through the bottom of the tank. Two types of fill valves are in use today. One is the traditional float ball (also called a ballcock), and the other is the float cup type.
The flush valve controls the discharge of tank water into the bowl. This valve consists of a flapper (also called “stopper” or “tank ball”), that aligns over the drain and is attached to the overflow pipe.
Above: Diagram of Ballcock-type fill valve
The overflow pipe, which is often attached to the flush valve, supplies refill water to the bowl as well as preventing overflow of the tank.
The tank lever is comprised of a lever arm and a flush handle. When the flush handle is pressed, the lever inside the toilet tank lifts the flapper allowing the water to flow into the bowl.
While fairly simple in design, over time these toilet components can wear out and corrode. This can lead to problems with flushing and refilling the tank. Here’s a quick overview of some typical toilet problems and what you can do to solve them.
Above: Diagram of Float cup-type fill valve
You may hear fresh water trickling in the tank when you haven’t flushed the toilet. To remedy this, first look down the inside of the overflow pipe. If water is running from the refill tube into the overflow pipe, then check the fill valve.
For ballcock-type fill valves, the float ball rod is at the top of the tank, with a hollow plastic or copper ball on the right-hand end. If it’s bent in any direction, then carefully straighten it by hand. If the rod is straight and the float ball does not lightly rest on the tank’s water surface, it probably has a leak and requires replacement.
Also, the tank’s water level may be set too high. Lower the water level with the adjustment clip. You’ll find the clip on the ballcock link. Just squeeze the two sides of the clip and push it down the link to adjust the water. Float cup-type fill valves also feature a water-level adjustment clip on the cup mechanism.
Next, remove any buildup under the fill valve seal. Buildup can be easily removed in a couple of minutes. Just shut off the water and remove the top of the ballcock or float cup valve. Cover the opening with an upside-down glass. Turn the water on and off a few times, and any buildup should be flushed by the water stream. Turn the top over and rinse it under a faucet. Reattach the top of the valve and make sure the water is turned on.
Then look for corrosion or sticking in the lever. Unfortunately, there is no quick solution for corrosion. If you see rust, you’ll need to replace the entire mechanism.
If you’ve tried everything mentioned above and the water continues to run through the refill tube after working through, then the fill valve seal is probably defective and requires replacement.
However, let’s say you hear the water running in the tank, and upon inspection you find that water is not running from the refill tube into the overflow pipe. In this case, check the placement of the refill tube. The refill tube is the small vinyl tube that stretches from the fill valve on the left of the tank to the hollow pipe on the right. If the refill tube is inside the overflow pipe, raise the end until it is just above the top of the overflow pipe. The adapter should hook to the top of the pipe.
Next, check the float ball rod and float, following the instructions above. And then check the flapper.
The flapper functions as the gate that allows the tank’s accumulated water to rush into the bowl when flushed. If the flapper is dirty, just clean it with a rag to remove any grime or buildup. If the stopper is worn out, it can sit askew and not seal properly. So if it’s damaged, warped or corroded, replace it along with the valve seat. A warped or corroded flapper is often the symptom of high chlorine levels in the water. If this is the case, remove any chlorine cleaning products from the tank and install a new flapper or ball specifically designed for use with highly chlorinated city water supplies.
If none of the above troubleshooting tips work, then the overflow pipe and/or flush valve are probably corroded or leaking and need to be replaced.
Toilet Will Not Flush
If the toilet just won’t flush, check the water supply’s shut-off valve at the wall. The toilet’s water might be turned off or partially shut. Just turn the water supply valve counterclockwise to completely open it. Then, tighten the top of the ballcock or float cup. Make sure it locks tightly into place.
In some cases, the chain between the toilet lever and the flapper may have detached. If this is the case, the chain can easily be reattached or replaced.
Tank Fills Slowly
If the toilet tank fills slowly—or not at all—clean the fill valve interior. Shut off the water at the wall connection, lift the float arm and twist the ballcock or float cup top until it unlocks.
Use a coat hanger or other stiff wire to gently scrape out the inside of the fill valve. Hold an upside-down glass over the valve opening and turn the water on and off three or four times. This will flush any deposits from the inside. Rinse the ballcock top under a faucet to clean the seal, and then replace the top, turning it clockwise until it locks.
Turn on the water supply completely to see if this solved the problem. If the tank still doesn’t fill properly, replace the pipe that runs from the wall to the toilet. Braided stainless steel toilet connectors are preferred.
Noisy Toilet When the Tank Fills
If the toilet is too loud when refilling, make sure the shut-off valve at the wall is completely open. Then inspect the angle adapter. The angle adapter is typically a rigid, plastic elbow that directs water from the end of the refill tube into the overflow pipe.The angle adapter may be completely vertical. If so, tweak the adapter slightly toward the inside wall of the overflow pipe. Flush the toilet and make sure the fresh water hits the pipe wall a couple of inches from the top before running to the bottom of the tank.
If this didn’t do the trick, then the fill valve is probably broken or malfunctioning. You’ll need to replace it.
Loud, Banging Pipes
If the pipes bang after flushing the toilet, a problem sometimes called “water hammer,” you may need to aerate your home’s drainage plumbing system. The problem occurs when there is not enough air in the right places in the water line. Start aerating by turning off the water supply to the entire home. Open all plumbing fixtures, including the faucet, shower, tub and exterior valves, and flush every toilet. Allow the system to aerate for about 15 minutes.
Then turn on the home water supply and turn off all the faucets you opened earlier. Remove the fill valve top and hold an upside-down glass over the exposed pipe. Turn the toilet’s water supply on and off three or four times until any debris is flushed. Rinse the top seal under a faucet and replace the top to the valve.
If the toilet doesn’t totally flush or it doesn’t fill properly then turn your attention away from the tank and look to the bowl. The holes under the bowl’s rim could be limiting the amount of water entering the bowl. Use a coat hanger or stiff wire to clean each one, clearing any obstructions from the holes. Then flush. Next, tighten the flush handle. Tighten the set screw attaching the handle, but allow some play up and down. If the handle or set screw is corroded, replace the entire mechanism.
Also, make sure the flapper closes only after the tank is empty. Adjust the chain, allowing 1/2 inch of slack. If necessary, replace the flapper according the manufacturer’s instructions.
Toilet Jam (Overflow)
Sometimes a toilet can become filled with too much paper or with some other obstructing material. The first line of defense in an emergency of this type is to have a Plumber’s Force Cup at hand. Place the force cup at the drain exit of the toilet bowel and pump it up and down with the force cup handle. This will usually free the blockage and start the toilet draining process.
In more severe cases, or when the blockage is in the drain line below the toilet, use a Plumber’s Snake to free the obstruction. | <urn:uuid:51ab7a2b-8480-42db-8c28-9d500c1c7f68> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://extremehowto.com/troubleshooting-toilets/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00352-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.894808 | 1,959 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Need help with installing your awning? We've got you covered!
Retractable awnings are a graceful form of environmental control. Natural, transitory shade and passive cooling create more comfortable spaces, both inside and out.
The ability to retract gives retractable awnings two strategic advantages:
Increased lifetime because of decreased exposure to UV damage and strong weather
Superior energy efficiency because heat gain is possible in winter, but heat is passively controlled in summer
However, retractable awnings have to be used properly for them to be truly effective – and this means they have to be extended and retracted at the right time. Motorization is the basis of effective retractable awning usage. In fact, according to the Professional Awning Manufacturers Association (PAMA) of which Retractableawnings.com is a long standing member, motorizing retractable awnings increases awning usage by 400%.
Motors also give retractable awnings an incredible amount of flexibility and utility. With motors, retractable awnings can use timer or app to open on schedule, sensors to open or close according to weather conditions, and a variety of controls to open and close them at a touch. Awning motors are a simple, elegant introduction to performance.
RetractableAwnings.com offers motors from both preeminent European motorization companies:
Simu (owned by Somfy since 1990)
All RetractableAwnings.com motors offer the best performance:
Fitted in the roller tube, so they're out of sight
CE and Underwriters Laboratory (UL) approved
Torque-sensing, so the motor continues rotating to keep the fabric rolled tight and taut (torque sensing motor only)
The ideal motor is fitted to each retractable awning sold, based on the torque and size of the motor and the height, width, fabric weight, and frame style of the awning.
Most retractable awning motors are wireless. The motor, sensors, and timers communicate with each other and a central receiver over radio frequency. Both of RetractableAwnings.com's wireless motor lines – from Simu and Somfy – can send RF signals over 200 meters of open ground and through 20 meters between reinforced concrete walls. This means that wireless motors and sensors can be placed almost anywhere in a home or commercial building, and the awning will operate flawlessly.
Using wireless motors and control systems allow awnings to be installed and relocated with ease. It's even easy to add sensors and timers into the system, without any extra wiring or electrical work.
All RetractableAwnings.com motors use a rolling code with 16 million possible combinations, offering maximum security.
Somfy has engineered its own style of radio communication, Radio Technology Somfy (RTS). This system is the most popular retractable awning motor in the world, with over 4 million systems installed. Somfy RTS motors have a narrow bandwidth, so they won't interfere with other RF systems, like garages or rolling shutters.
Somfy RTS motors and controls come with a 5-year warranty.
EU sets standards that wireless equipment has to meet. Simu Hz motors exceed these directives which makes them durable and tolerant in extreme conditions:
Power lines and electrical interference
Power failures and discharges
Simu motors and controls come with a 5-year warranty.
Wired motors are a more traditional method of motorizing awnings and the original style. Wired motors have more limited installation options and have to be planned in advance. Retractableawnings.com no longer offers wired motors as they are outdated in terms of technology.
The Somfy LT has low-voltage wiring. It's a versatile motor that can be used in a number of different styles of lateral arm awnings, drop screens, and patio covers.
If there is a power outage for some reason, then a retractable awning can be stuck open when it should be closed. RetractableAwnings.com has a range of motors which have an integrated manual override crank that can be used to open or close the awning manually:
Simu DMI5 Hz.01 and DMI6 Hz.01 | <urn:uuid:d3b60360-4b2e-4e0b-8280-0d1497436b9d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.retractableawnings.com/motorization-a-controls/taking-it-easy-motors-and-controls/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.901666 | 913 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Whale Coloring Pages For Adults
Although they can go without air for a long period of time they have distinct blowholes to help them breathe by spouting water.
Whale coloring pages for adults. Free printable zentangle whale coloring pages for adults and teens. All coloring pages animals mammals humpback whale humpback whale coloring pages humpback calves are often preyed upon by killer whales so adult humpbacks will come and cause trouble whenever they find killer whales preying on any animal. There are different species of whales but they all have similar characteristics. Whale just color.
You can now print this beautiful whale zentangle adults coloring page or color online for free. Whale coloring pages for adults all our images with the keyword. Whale coloring pages is a coloring page which tells the story of the whale. Excelent whale coloring killer whale drawing and coloring pages how to draw shark maxresdefault excelent free jonah the.
Whale coloringes getcoloringpages com excelent 65pi385 jonah and the printable. Don t miss your chance to color it. It is larger than any of the giant dinosaurs were. Whales are aquatic mammals that live in open water with an evolution history from land mammals.
Select one of 1000 printable coloring pages of the category adult. Discover all our printable coloring pages to print or download for free. They have hair although this is something many people did not seem. And lots of other underwater creatures.
Yes we ve got you free printable whale coloring pages. By scrolling through this page you can get the collection of the whale coloring pictures with no charge. Fun facts about whales. The boat is sailing and the whale is feeling playful.
The blue whale is the largest animal ever to have lived on earth. The biggest recorded blue whale was a female in the antarctic ocean that was 30 5 m long more than 3 5 times the length of a double decker bus and as long as a boeing 737plane with an estimated weight of 144 tonnes almost the same as 2 000 men. Some of your students may know about whale while others don t. Fantastic coloring page featuring an ocean scene with a whale.
This is going to be an unforgettable meeting. There are two types or parvorder of whales baleen whales or. It is larger than any of the dinosaurs.
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- Yogi Bear Coloring Pages To Print | <urn:uuid:aa3c81ce-956c-4e04-8588-86b2645fe7f6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tayituentertainment.com/whale-coloring-pages-for-adults.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.852997 | 674 | 2.25 | 2 |
For now, i'm just starting with some of the basics of the Western astrological system / Zodiac. Given that I'm in the West, I know that some Westerners (including myself in the past) tend to think linearly, instead of also cyclically, and often don't even consider the fractal nature of our universe, so i'm going to start with what is an uncommon method of depictions/data, keyed tables, etc., instead of with a typical wheel depiction. If you currently have 0 to little knowledge of Western astrology, i'd invite you to just look (without even thinking) to see what just comes in intuitively perhaps before viewing the key(s) at the bottom. What patterns emerge? Why the colors? The positions? relations? shapes? numbers?
elemental (and alchemical) corresponences / quadriplicity key
triplicity key table
main key table (the 3 and the 4)
|masculine/sun/active/giving force signs|
|feminine/moon/passive/receiving force signs| | <urn:uuid:bf171029-673b-45da-98e3-0d4de0fa88f4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://neoelph.com/2016/07/08/astrology/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.894195 | 304 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Tile is a smart floor-covering option for high-traffic rooms because it is durable, easy to clean and comes in colors, shapes and sizes to suit any style. But while choosing tile may be an easy choice, finding new and interesting ways to use it can be a challenge. Bust out of the grid-tile rut with a few ideas that can work in any space.
Floor tile can be laid out in a traditional square pattern in the center of a space and then bordered by a different tile to give it visual interest. Border tile can be a different color, shape or size from the center tile; or it can be the same tile as the center tile but laid in a different direction. For instance, rectangular tiles can be laid in a north-south direction with a single row of border tile facing east/west. Extend the pattern of the center tile beyond the outside of the border one foot to make the border tile stand out.
Tile comes in a wide array of shapes and sizes, which gives you endless options for laying out interesting tile patterns. When it comes to using rectangular floor tiles, try laying them in a staggered brick pattern, windmill pattern or a herringbone pattern. Lay square tiles in a staggered, brick pattern for something different. Rather than installing tile so that it runs along the wall lines of the room, install the tile at a diagonal.
Regardless of the shape of the tile that you are using, color can create visual interest in floor tiles. Tiles in slightly different shades of the same color placed randomly throughout the room add depth. For instance, use dark blue, medium blue and light blue tiles throughout a space. Alternately, use color in a less subtle way by using two different colors of tile and alternating the color every other row to create stripes or a checkerboard pattern on the floor.
For a look that stands out, create the appearance of a rug on a hardwood floor using floor tile. This involves laying a border of hardwood floor and filling the center of the area with tile. Patterned tiles work best for this style, so look for tiles with distinct patterns on them. Stick to one pattern overall or use a variety for a patchwork quilt appearance. Make sure that the surrounding wood complements the tile by selecting tile that has a similar tone to the wood. When you have a dark, warm wood use warm tiles with oranges, reds and yellows. With a lighter or cooler wood, look for tiles with blue, greens and purples.
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Steven Meyer, a student at Orange Coast College, opened his mailbox in August to find a bright green envelope holding a bank debit card.
The letter surprised Meyer, an Afghanistan war veteran who lives in Long Beach. He had not ordered the MasterCard, which was emblazoned with his school’s logo and name.
He soon realized that the college had given his name, address and other information to a Connecticut-based company called Higher One Holdings. The company earns money by disbursing student grant and loan monies for colleges and by charging students fees on their accounts.
Meyer and other students say the company is trying to mislead them into activating the debit card and opening a corresponding checking account, which has cost some students hundreds of dollars in fees. Among those charges are a $2.50 fee for checking their balance at an out-of-network ATM, a 50-cent levy for each card purchase and $20 to replace a cracked card.
“There are some questions that definitely need to be answered,” Meyer said. “This is federal financial aid money. The country is under the impression that this money goes to students and not to a corporation in fees.”
Coast Community College District, Long Beach City College, North Orange County Community College District and South Orange County Community College District are among the local colleges that have hired Higher One to supply debit cards to students in recent years. College officials say the cards help students by allowing them quick access to their financial aid.
Higher One says it is saving schools money by eliminating the work that college staff once did to process and mail the checks to students.
“We really care about students and the struggle they go through,” said Shoba Lemoine, a company spokesperson. “We see ourselves as part of the solution.”
She said the company makes it clear in written instructions that students have options, including having their financial aid deposited into their own bank account or receiving a check.
But a review of Higher One’s agreements with several local colleges shows that the some aspects of the deal could lead students to believe the company is the school’s official banking partner and that they have no choice but to open an account with it.
The company is allowed to use the college’s logo on the card and in its advertisements. The contracts also require the schools to promote the card to students, including official mailings.
Jon Meyer, Steven’s brother, said he believed that he had been automatically assigned a Higher One account when he received his card from Long Beach City College two years ago. “In the first month,” he said, “I had over $100 in added fees.”
Since the fees are often paid out of federal loan money, many students will be paying interest on the amounts for years.
Higher One is part of an industry that has flourished as the government has increased federal student aid to help pay for the skyrocketing cost of college tuition.
Last year, Higher One pulled in $198 million in revenue. The company does not disclose how much of that comes from students, Lemoine said, other than saying “less than half” its revenues were student fees.
The company earns millions of dollars more from retailers, which pay a fee each time students use the card to make a purchase. It also receives money from the banks it partners with, which earn interest on the students’ deposits.
After expenses and taxes, Higher One earned $37 million in profits last year.
A growing number of colleges have hired Higher One despite several recent lawsuits filed by students around the country, who claim they were misled and charged hidden fees. The company says those claims have no merit.
Last year, Higher One paid $11 million to 60,000 students to settle claims by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation that it had used “unfair and deceptive” practices. The agency found, for example, that the company had charged students multiple overdraft fees on a single transaction. The company says it no longer charges such fees.
Lemoine said the company teaches students how to avoid its fees. For example, students can avoid the 50-cent fee for each debit card purchase, by telling the clerk it will be a credit transaction and signing the sales slip rather than punching in their PIN.
They can avoid the $2.50 charge for withdrawing their financial aid money at an ATM by using the company’s machines on campus. But many campuses have only one Higher One ATM, which is often not available during weekends and school breaks.
Jon Meyer said he often had no choice but to go to another company’s ATM. He said the ATM at the main campus in Long Beach is in a part of the student center that is locked early each night. On days when financial aid money is released, he said, the line for the machine can be 50 or 60 students long.
Gregory Peterson, the college’s vice-president of student support services, agreed that the line could be lengthy. He said the ATM had to be locked during certain hours because it was a free-standing kiosk, not bolted to the wall, that could be easily damaged without proper security.
He said the school hired the company to supply debit cards because officials found that many students did not have bank accounts. Those students waited for their checks to be mailed, he said, and then paid high fees at check-cashing stores.
This is not the first time that financial companies have been criticized for targeting college students for new business. After the recession, Congress passed a law to stop banks from aggressively promoting credit cards to students. The law was spurred by concerns that students were leaving college burdened not just with school loans, but also credit card debt.
But that 2009 law did not apply to debit cards.
Higher One encourages students to use its card for indulgences at the mall just like credit card companies have done. In promotions, the company offers its student customers discounts on everything from Clinique cosmetics to kate spade hand bags.
Some of the company’s contracts that the Register reviewed require college officials to encourage students to use the card.
“Whether it's groceries at the supermarket, or new jeans at The Gap - the easiest way to pay for it is with your Saddleback Card,” says a promotion on Saddleback College’s website.
With the card loaded with money from Pell grants and loans, Higher One’s push for shopping can prove tempting.
“I love the program because I don’t have to go out of my way--it actually rewards me for shopping at my favorite places,” said Melissa Murphy, a student in Florida, who the company quoted in a press release announcing its cash back awards program.
Lemoine said that most of its customers have used a bank account before and know how to shop responsibly. She added that the company’s retail discounts save students money.
To promote its program to colleges, the company builds “long-lasting personal relationships” with school officials at conferences it hosts each year, according to its annual report.
Higher One also uses word-of-mouth marketing, the report explained, where it gets students to promote the card to friends. For example, students can receive a $25 gift card for writing about Higher One on websites.
On September 26, a group of Congressional Democrats sent a letter to Higher One and seven other companies demanding information about their college debit card programs. The lawmakers, who include California Congressman George Miller and Massachusetts Senator Elizabeth Warren, asked how much the companies had received in student fees and requested a list of gifts they had given to college officials in the last three years.
“When students are forced to pay unnecessary or exorbitant fees that bolster bank profits, it makes college more expensive,” the lawmakers wrote, “particularly when those fees eat up financial aid dollars that are intended to help students pay their bills.”
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- Sex offender gets 2 years for indecent exposure at Huntington Beach bookstore
- Anaheim church looted by 2 women, who were caught on camera | <urn:uuid:bd920440-78c4-440d-a197-8b202bee1a9d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.ocregister.com/articles/students-529502-company-college.html?page=2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720941.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00518-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974912 | 1,747 | 1.78125 | 2 |
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Established in 1962 after the former CONELRAD system was deemed of no further use due to new ballistic missiles, the United States government under President Curtis LeMay announced in late 1961 after the Scottish-Quebec Missile Crisis showed some of the failings of the system, especially when jittery Department of Defense radar operators nearly assumed almost everything on their radar's were incoming bombers or missiles. The new system was also supposed to be able to quickly warn the public of other emergencies, including of floods, tornadoes, earthquakes and other natural disasters, as well as other non-war, non-nuclear events that were still serious enough to require a warning, but CONELRAD had not been designed for.
By early 1962, the basis for the Emergency Broadcast Alert System was in place. Although the old "CONELRAD Test" was still the best way to alert other stations of potential emergencies, a new system was developed in 1969 when the threat of bombers dropping nuclear bombs was considered insignificant when ICBM's and other missiles could already home in on coordinates and not on radio or TV stations. This new test is detailed below.
By 1989, new computer systems had been developed which eliminated the need to even have a human broadcast these messages and allowed an almost entirely automated process. Incorporating the new "Disaster Charlie" automated voice into the EBAS took two years, but now the Department of Defense, the Department of Communication, the United States Meteorological Service, local state Civil Defense Boards and even the towns and cities themselves were able to issue EBAS warnings with a standardized, calm voice. Fifty six radio, TV, cable and satellite radio stations across the United States and the Confederate States are the "Principal Alert Station" (PAS), and usually have access to the most powerful transmitter for their area. They also have back up generators and much of their equipment had been specially protected from an electromagnetic pulse to allow them to continue broadcasting. These would be the first stations to go on air in the event of an emergency, and the last to cease emergency broadcasting.
The most serious test for the EBAS took place during the Crisis of 1991, when the threat of nuclear war seemed so close. In several areas, the Civil Defense boards and many cities actually did activate the EBAS warning to evacuate major population centres, but as the "Disaster Charlie" was still relatively new, many of the messages failed to get through to the designated radio and television stations, or instead resulting in white noise and most notably in Kansas City and Indianapolis when Rick Astley's Never Gonna Give You Up played instead of the warning, launching the future internet meme. The crisis was averted, but a major overhaul of EBAS was needed. New equipment provided by the Department of Communication was installed, and a streamlining of the process was put in place.
In 1995, as it was becoming clear that TV and radio was not as important as it was before, it was decided to allow for new technologies to be implemented. The next year saw the new "Electronic Mailing EBAS" being created, with all those interested to sign up. However, due to lack of interest mostly due to the requirement that people have to sign up to receive the alert, along with technical issues such as the alerts being classified as junk mail or lost amongst a person's other email, the Electronic Mailing EBAS was discontinued in 2003. In the "Public Safety Warning Act" of 2005, the new medium of text messaging on cell phones was brought up, and all devices after 2008 had to have a special receiver to pick up EBAS warnings of the area that the phone is located in, whether the person uses text messages or not. The new text message system was tested almost immediately when Tornado Ally suffered the worst season for tornado's in decades in 2008, and the service was credited with saving countless lives despite a few bugs. All modern cell phones and smart phones sold in the US has the "EBAS Chip," and it's a felony to remove the chip then sell the phone, but not for the owner of the phone to remove it themselves, but it has led to issues where the phones were unusable after the EBAS Chip was removed due to being hardwired in the system.
EBAS is currently a multi-department undertaking. Like its predecessor CONELRAD, the EBAS is under the direct control of the Department of Communications, but the Department of Defense, the Department of Justice, the Federal Office of Civil Defense, and the United States Meteorological Service all have authority to activate the system. It's been considered unwieldy to have so many individual branches focusing on one system, but efforts to streamline the service have not been considered important over the years.
Over the years the EBAS has undergone overhauls and standardization, along with constantly updating equipment as old equipment was replaced. The original CONELRAD Notification List and the Tiered Warning System had been retired in the late 1960s, and with specially designed electronic equipment, all radio, TV and cable stations have direct access to the EBAS system. But in one leftover from the CONELRAD system, the standardized national tests on TV and radio were still conducted at 7:00 PM on each Friday of the month and in each time zone to show people what to expect if the EBAS was activated. All channels were required to run this minute long test, and those that failed to do so would be fined and, in the case of multiple failures, would actually have their license revoked. Most of the messages were no longer pre-recorded, as the sheer number of potential outcomes would make pre-recording them all time consuming, as well as the possibility of accidentally relaying the wrong message which could cause panic, as happened at least 28 times between 1972 and 1992. Due to changes in technology, after 2004, the weekly test was never publicly broadcast on the air, as it was simply used to confirm that communications with the Department of Communications and the individual stations had not been broken. A Monthly Test of the EBAS, which occurs on the Second Tuesday of every month, is broadcast on air. An Annual Drill, usually held on the second Tuesday of October, is held around the US, in conjunction with "Civil Defense Week." This is reminiscent of the CONELRAD annual drills done from 1956 until 1962, but it was only restarted in 1993 after the Crisis of 1991.
Warning MessagesDue to the new wide range of emergencies the system is now designed to handle, a simplified warning system was developed, consisting of four steps.
First, the EBAS "Alert" Chime (a two tone signal repeated three times, then a louder tone, which was composed of the sine waves of 853 and 960 Hz due to the unpleasantness to the human ear. Any regular programming would then break through to give the message, including a display on a TV screen.
Next for the "Television Visual Alert" there would be five lines on screen (radios did not feature this):
- The first was of the Emergency Broadcast Alert Service.
- The second was to name the kind of emergency in five categories: Extreme Weather Alert, Public Safety Alert, National Security Alert, War Attack Alert, and the most serious, the Nuclear Attack Alert. Each category, excepting War Attack Alerts and Nuclear Attack Alerts, have further descriptions. Example: some Extreme Weather Alerts include Tornadoes, Flash Floods, Fire, Hurricanes and Earthquakes. In the event of a broadcasted test, the message would say "MONTHLY TEST" or "ANNUAL DRILL."
- The third line(s) would be which area the Alert is issued for (ranging from entire US to single counties or states).
- The forth line would list who authorized the alert. The alert can be issued by all levels of government, but priority is in the following order: President of the US and/or Authorized Representatives, US Government Agencies and Departments (including the Department of Justice, the Department of Defense, the Federal Office of Civil Defense and the Unites States Meteorological Service), State Government or State Civil Defense, and Local Authorities such as a Mayor or local police departments. Therefore, a message from the President has priority over those in a local authority.
- The fifth line is a scrolling message that relays important details of the alert, including severity of storm, how long such an emergency is supposed to last, or in case of war, where people should go, what they should do and other such important notifications. In a test, the scrolling message would only say: "THIS IS A TEST. THIS IS ONLY A TEST. TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THE EMERGENCY BROADCAST ALERT SYSTEM, OR HOW TO PREPARE FOR ANY POSSIBLE EMERGENCY, PLEASE VISIT WWW.CIVILDEFENSE.US." During the yearly drill, the message would say "THIS IS THE ANNUAL DRILL OF THE EMERGENCY BROADCAST ALERT SYSTEM. PLEASE FOLLOW ALL INSTRUCTIONS ON SCREEN TO PROTECT YOURSELF AND YOUR FAMILY IN THE EVENT OF A SERIOUS EMERGENCY.TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THE EMERGENCY BROADCAST ALERT SYSTEM, OR HOW TO PREPARE FOR ANY POSSIBLE EMERGENCY, PLEASE VISIT WWW.CIVILDEFENSE.US."
Third, a voice over of the electronic "Disaster Charlie" will then play as the information was shown on the screen, relaying the important information to listeners. Radio messages are almost solely this. It would usually repeat twice, or, in some cases indefinitely until the emergency was over. For tests, the voice over would say: "This is a test of the Emergency Broadcast Alert System. To learn more about the Emergency Broadcast Alert System, or how to prepare for any possible emergency, please visit www.civildefense.us."
Last, an "end of message" chime (three short beeps) would play. In some areas, this warning would continue to play, and in some instances other languages (mostly Spanish in the West) would then repeat the warning in said language, including a special Television Visual Alert in that language as well. The alert will then constantly repeat until the emergency was declared over.
Text messages, due to the special device inside, would alert the owner of the cell phone or EBAS Text Message qualified device with the Alert Chime until the owner read the message. Again, this would be similar to a Television Visual Alert, though simplified for the limited application of text messaging. The original Electronic Mailing EBAS would have consisted entirely of text in a message
In the 1970s, the governments of Assiniboia and the Democratic Confederate States expressed interest in extending the EBAS service to also include their nations, due to the infrastructure that was in place in the US. In the end, Assiniboia would establish their own in 1976, the Assiniboian Public Emergency System (affectionately known as APES), but based almost entirely on the US version. The North CSA was integrated into the EBAS system in 1974, and after the CSA was unified, the EBAS was extended over all of the Confederacy. As of early 2012, Texas was interested in a possible extension of the EBAS over their nation, but nothing has come of this yet.
Other countries do have emergency systems similar to EBAS, most notably Russia, the Bjuro Grazhdanskoj Oborony Sistema Opoveshhenija or BGOSO (the Bureau of Civil Defense Alert System), and France's Système de communication publique Sécurité (Public Safety Communication System), and the English "Three Minute System."
Due to the constant testing and use of the EBAS for severe weather or public emergencies, the system, much like CONELRAD before it, has become a major part of the cultural fabric of the United States. However, most TV shows, movies and radio plays that have an emergency broadcast usually fudge a few details when presenting it in fiction, usually the alert chimes, as the Department of Communication has sought to ensure that people will not become accustomed to the alert tones and tune them out in the event of an actual emergency. It requires a special license from the Department of Communication to use a non-altered EBAS for a movie, TV show or increasingly video games, and fines can be issued. One of the most notable was when techno music group "Halfway to Space" was issued a $500,000 fine for using the EBAS alert chime in their song World War Whatever. However, with the rise of video sharing websites, well-created, fictional versions of the EBAS have been produced, along with filmed versions of the tests. The Department of Communication, while originally trying to suppress these videos, eventually gave up and allowed them to continued to be seen online, considering them to be useful educational tools. | <urn:uuid:117482f6-2d45-44ce-87f3-f79429be298a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://althistory.wikia.com/wiki/Emergency_Broadcast_Alert_Service_(French_Trafalgar,_British_Waterloo) | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00281-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969146 | 2,707 | 3.484375 | 3 |
Unless you live in a very mild or tropical zone, making the transition from spring to summer requires some adjustments for you and your dog alike. Just as winter ice doesn’t become summer grass overnight, dealing with the changing conditions require flexibility.
Here are some things to take into consideration now that spring has sprung:
If your dog wears a coat in winter, unless the heat transition is very dramatic, you may want him to wear a lighter sweater or a doggy tee walking in the chilly sun. Coat-donning dogs are accustomed to having their body temperatures managed, and they get chilly easily.
Spring paw care is essential. Roadside banks of icy snow have been repeatedly inundated with salt and other snow melting chemicals, and the puddles from these glaciers are toxic and harsh for the pads.
Remember to wash your dog’s feet with soap after every walk, and beware of thirsty dogs who want to lap up snowmelt water. As the sun warms the roads, dogs will again get thirsty on walks, so carry a water bottle and travel bowl to prevent sipping roadside sludge.
Many dogs shed in spring. Shedding is a natural transition, but the dry, winter coat can cause mats and tangles as it falls out, especially if your dog wears a coat or a sweater outside.
Always remember to take your dog’s warm clothes off inside after every walk. Gentle, regular brushing in spring helps restore oils to the new coat, stimulates the skin, and prevents the dreaded dreads of an unkempt coat. Your vet may approve canine Omega 3 oil capsules to assist this transitional period for the coat.
Warmer weather means we all feel friskier. It is normal for dogs to store fat in winter, but a heavier dog needs to begin spring exercise gently. Just as you may want to ease back into an outdoor exercise routine, your companion dog also needs to take it slowly at first. Increase walks and runs in the park steadily, but gradually.
Dogs get springtime allergies, too. As is the case for humans, dogs can become allergic over time, so do not be surprised if your dog’s reactions to springtime allergens change from puppy to adult. Pollen from the first flowering trees, dandelions and tulips, dust, mold, and even insects can cause allergic reactions.
Symptoms include itching, coughing, sneezing, flaky skin, or an oily feeling coat. Never use human allergy medicines for dogs on your own initiative. Canine allergy medicines are effective; your vet can prescribe the safest dose.
Spring bulb plants pushing out of the ground often attract dogs. It’s not that dogs just want to ruin the landscaping. Squirrels and rodents are also attracted to spring bulbs, and an inquisitive dog might be hot on the trail.
But beware. Many spring bulbs fall into the allium family, and onions (allium) are toxic to dogs. Furthermore, cocoa mulch, often used as bedding mulch for park-side flower beds, is highly toxic to dogs. Keep your dog out of the flower beds and nobody will get hurt.
In the spring, your dog will be able finally to run on grass, not frozen snow or dead thatch. Please pay attention to where you let your dog run. Spring lawn care often combines herbicide and pesticide treatments to kill insect larva, ticks, fleas, “critters,” and seed-sprouting weeds.
Many things involved in lawn and garden care do do not belong on dogs’ paws, including nitrogen-based fertilizers, blood meal, milorganite, rose boosters, Japanese beetle inhibitors, grub killers, herbicides, insecticides (especially those with organophosphates), rodenticides, acid fertilizer for holly and azalea, and slug and snail baits.
While chemical washes might produce a green lawn, they also produce a toxic lawn for dogs. So walk your dog in the safe, scrubby grass in spring and keep an eye out for the “pesticide treated” signs in the formal lawns. Pesticides, herbicides, and dogs don’t go together.
By thinking ahead, you can head off problems and help you dogs get the most out of getting out and about in spring.
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Philostorgius’ Account of the Battle at Mursa
Keywords:historiography, ancient history, ancient sources, anticient writers, battle at Mursa, Philostorgius, heavenly phenomenons
On September 28, 351 AD, Emperor Constantius II defeated the usurper Magnentius in the battle at Mursa. While the battle is described in several ancient sources, the present study focuses on the account given by Philostorgius. Philostorgius is the first known author to have included in his description of the battle the appearance of a cross in the sky, drawing on the writings of an unknown Arian historian. But for all its seemingly miraculous connotations, Philostorgius’ story is no mere figment of the imagination. It is based on a perfectly natural meteorological phenomenon, the parhelia or phantom suns, which had been observed on May 7, 351, in the sky above Jerusalem. They were interpreted at the time as the sign of Christ’s cross, and the contemporary Jerusalem bishop, Cyril, provided a detailed description in a letter to Emperor Constantius. But while the Bishop already saw this phenomenon as a sign of God’s favour to Constantius, the appearance of the cross above Jerusalem was not immediately associated with the slightly later conflict at Mursa. This connection was only established by Arian historians, who used the story of the vision before the Mursa battle to glorify Emperor Constantius, a supporter of Arianism. The earliest source known today is an anonymous Arian historian writing in the late 4th century: his work provided the basis for Philostorgius’ account of the Mursa battle.
Still, the association of the visions above Jerusalem and Mursa is perhaps not to be attributed merely to the Arian authors’ partiality to Emperor Constantius. It may have been prompted by two natural but hardly everyday celestial phenomena as well: on May 28, 355, the Balkans, including Mursa, witnessed a total solar eclipse, while August 8, 351, brought a partial eclipse to an area of the Balkans (but not to Mursa). The two eclipses may have influenced Philostorgius’ account of the Mursa battle. While neither the eclipse nor the parhelia visible in Jerusalem could have been seen in the Mursa area in 351, Philostorgius (and his source before him) may have subsequently related the story of the sign of the cross to the memory of the eclipse. Constantinople had witnessed both eclipses: the later eclipse suggested associations with the Mursa battle because of the temporal proximity, while the earlier was, like the cross above Jerusalem, easily attributed with the help of some pious imagination to Whitsuntide, when Constantius (according to Philostorgius) defeated Magnentius at Mursa. (The Whitsunday of 355 was celebrated on June 4, a mere 6 days after the date of the total eclipse.)
In addition to associating the appearance of the cross in the sky above Jerusalem with the battle of Mursa, the reports on the miraculous celestial phenomenon as given by Philostorgius and the anonymous Arian historian diverge from Bishop Cyril’s report in another significant detail. According to both historians, the appearance of the cross above Jerusalem had been accompanied by two other less common phenomena in the sky: a rainbow and a halo around the cross. As Bishop Cyril’s letter to Constantius makes no reference to either, although the parhelion is normally accompanied by both, the anonymous Arian historian as well as Philostorgius after him must have relied on a source which drew on the observations of an unknown eyewitness to the events in Jerusalem – a source that was perhaps unfamiliar with Cyril’s description or complemented it with additional information. The parhelion is a fairly frequent phenomenon, reported in antiquity by pagan as well as by Christian authors. This relative frequency, coupled with a vague memory of the two solar eclipses, may well have contributed to the transfer of the Jerusalem story to the Mursa account. Moreover, Philostorgius seems to have enjoyed writing about miracles, including Constantine’s vision of the cross before the battle of the Milvian Bridge. While his report on the latter is shorter than his account of the conflict at Mursa, the portrayal of Constantine’s vision contains all the essential elements used to describe the appearance of the cross above Jerusalem and Mursa. It might thus be supposed that Philostorgius, who draws on an anonymous Arian historian in extending the vision of the cross from Constantine to Constantine’s son, Constantius, used the elements from his model’s description to complement the extant report on Constantine’s vision.
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In early 1992 Volkswagen marketed the Golf VR6 and Corrado VR6 that had been unveiled a few months earlier. The engine they were installed in quickly formed a fan club for its ability to deliver unprecedented performance in the large compact car segments. He then moved several sports models of the Volkswagen Group. Stronger: Its atypical and pointed design, far from being an industrial defect, made it A real Swiss military knife used as the basis for the development of other engines. This is why the VR6 is still included in the Volkswagen catalog, thirty years after it was introduced.
Small car looking for big displacement
At the launch of the third generation of the Golf, Volkswagen sought to offer a high-performance version of its compact that was more powerful and more refined than the four-cylinder GTI. However, installing a classic six-cylinder in a V or in-line was incompatible with the vehicle’s architecture in terms of volume. Then the company’s engineers came up with the idea of a V6 engine with a very low opening angle, It is a concept that Lancia already tested many years ago.
Thus VR6 was born, with R as Reihe (“line” in German), where only an angle of 15 degrees made it possible to combine the two banks of the cylinders into one cylinder head in a transverse position. So the VR6 debuted under the hood of the Golf with a displacement of 2.8 liters, two valves per cylinder, 174 hp at 5800 rpm and a maximum torque of 235 Nm at 4200 rpm. All with a new kind of sound. The Corrado VR6 Coupe was entitled up to a 2.9-liter block that delivers 190 hp, an evolution found in the all-wheel drive version of the Golf, then called the Syncro.
to read. Volkswagen Golf (1991). The third generation is 30 years old
Two decades of improvement, then forgetting (or almost)
I quickly channeled the VR6’s relative power, torque and pressure to the less sporty but bigger models (Passat, Sharan, etc.) that didn’t accommodate the big displacements with the traditional arrangement either.
The engine was carried over to the next generation of Volkswagen, and the R lost its name but not its own architecture. However, it has evolved significantly, for example adopting a 24-valve configuration to power the Volkswagen Golf V6 4Motion and its “cousin” Seat Leon V6 Cupra4, both of which offer 204 hp and all-wheel drive. Its displacement increased to 3.2 liters, while its power increased to 241 horsepower under the hood of the Golf IV R32. It even came out to 250 hp for the Golf V R32, as well as the more luxurious Audi A3 and TT, among others. Then came the 3.6-liter, 300-horsepower Passat R36 unit, for example. Porsche also adopted this engine for the entry-level versions of the first Cayenne.
In 2011, the entry into force of the Euro 5 environmental standard became better than almost all cars of the group that were equipped with this engine on the European market. Volkswagen’s VR6 fell in the field of honor, along with VTECs from the Honda Civic Type R and S2000 and Wankel from the Mazda RX-8 to name a few. If on the Old Continent it was replaced by a turbocharged four-cylinder, He pursued a secret career in certain regions such as North America. In Uncle Sam’s country, today’s 3.6L VR6 can be found under the hood of the 280hp Atlas Cross Sport.
VR6, from 4 to 18 cylinders
The VR6 served as the basis for other engines. The V5 that Volkswagen introduced in the 2000s was a single-cylinder VR6 engine. The W8 available for some time for the Passat was made up of two small V4s made with VR6. Opened by the concept car of the same name, the W12 was a combination of two VR6s.
Even the eighteen-cylinder engine for the Bugatti EB 118 (1998) and EB 18/3 Chiron (1999) was made by assembling three VR6 cars. You’re probably thinking about it, the W16 8.0 l quadriturbo that Bugatti uses because the Veyron stems from this business. With electrification gaining traction across the auto industry, will the VR6 change its shape yet again to survive another generation? History has shown that it is full of hidden resources… | <urn:uuid:6e88d093-04e9-4905-8051-c94e5985e43a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cashaddv.com/2022/07/06/volkswagen-30-years-of-vr6-from-golf-to-bugatti/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00679.warc.gz | en | 0.957726 | 960 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Six ECE Students Named Future Faculty FellowsSix graduate students from the Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) Department have been selected to participate in the Clark School's Future Faculty Program (FFP). FFP was introduced to increase the number of Clark School Ph.D. graduates who obtain academic positions, and in particular, faculty positions in prestigious engineering schools. The program is also intended to improve the preparation of students for academic careers so that they can better succeed once they obtain such a position.
The six ECE students who will enter the FFP program are: Graham Alldredge (advised by Prof. P.S. Krishnaprasad), Mustafa Beyaz (advised by Prof. Reza Ghodssi), Matteo Mischiati (advised by Prof. P.S. Krishnaprasad), Yongqiang Wang (advised by Prof. Steve Marcus and Prof. Michael Fu), Yongle Wu (advised by Prof. K. J. Ray Liu), and Chenjie Yu (advised by Prof. Peter Petrov).
The program is highly selective. Fellows are chosen by an anonymous committee based on the applicants' motivation for becoming a faculty member and potential for securing a tenure-track faculty position at a top-50 engineering school. Students admitted to the program are designated as Future Faculty Fellows and receive a supplementary stipend of $2,000 for each semester in the program, totaling up to $10,000 over the course of the program, in addition to other financial support they may receive.
The FFP consists of a sequence of three one-credit training seminars, a teaching practicum and a research mentoring practicum. The program takes between three and five semesters to complete depending on the timing of the practicums.
Additional ECE graduate students who are already participating in the Future Faculty Program include:
Published February 17, 2009 | <urn:uuid:4a0f56ca-3b15-4ffa-b774-b31b8c556d0a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ece.umd.edu/news/story/six-ece-students-named-future-faculty-fellows | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.951782 | 442 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Safety light curtains, photoelectric sensors and bar code scanners from SICK were incorporated into a new pallet conveying and stacking facility designed to help achieve optimum capacity utilisation of the transport trucks.
Geberit AG is a world-leading sanitation engineering company offering sanitary systems such as flushing cisterns and inner fittings, faucets and flushing systems, waste fittings and traps as well as showers and toilets in addition to pipe systems for domestic drainage and water supply.
The components are partly produced at the new production site in Rapperswil-Jona, where they are also made available for shipment by truck to a Geberit plant in Germany. About 500 pallets containing sanitary articles leave Geberit’s production site in Rapperswil every day.
In order to achieve the best possible utilisation of cargo capacities in the trucks, the packing units are automatically stacked prior to loading.
Geberit commissioned plant manufacturer Graber AG in Fahrwangen to build a pallet conveying and stacking facility to optimise shipment efficiently in terms of logistics and in an ecologically sustainable way.
The system is designed to stack pallets and packaging units, and make them available at the shipping ramp in a way that achieves the best possible utilisation of truck transport capacity.
The pallet and stacking facility connects production with the new logistics system for truck loading. Indumont designed and merged all required plant components including scales, sensors as well as the control, conveyor and lifting systems with special focus on precise height detection of the stacks.
In addition to safety light curtains, photoelectric sensors and bar code scanners from SICK, two automation light grids were employed to solve height control.
The high-resolution HLG is employed to detect the wooden pallet as it has exactly the right height to detect the clearance of the pallet. The MLG automation light grid detects whether the object in question is a normal pallet or a pallet with mesh as well as the loading height.
In addition to height detection, the stacking stations also weigh the pallets and identify them by means of their bar codes. The values known for each stack of pallets include their weight, the content of the individual packaging units, as well as the overall height and weight. This information is used as the basis for utilising the transport capacity of the trucks in the best possible way. | <urn:uuid:e095c956-e5f7-4702-8c65-2507d4eb4574> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ferret.com.au/c/SICK/SICK-s-automation-technology-implemented-at-Geberit-for-height-control-and-truck-capacity-utilisation-n1829672 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00077-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954993 | 489 | 1.632813 | 2 |
- What is the best way to prepare soft food for the elderly?
- What meals are the best to puree?
- What meals are unable to be pureed?
- What is the best way to puree meals for dysphagia?
- What do finicky senior citizens eat?
- What is the best way to purée meat for the elderly?
- What’s the best way to make a puree?
- What’s the best way to make puréed food appear appealing?
- Is it true that scrambled eggs are puréed?
- Is it possible to purée meat in a blender?
- Is it true that oatmeal is pureed?
- Is it possible to purée noodles?
- Is it possible to purée a hamburger?
- What foods should you stay away from if you have dysphagia?
- Is it true that oatmeal can help with dysphagia?
- If your elderly parent refuses to eat, what should you do?
- Are dementia patients fussy eaters?
- What does a Level 4 pureed diet entail?
- What’s the best way to prepare sausage puree?
- What is the best way to purée eggs for dysphagia?
- What are the vegetables that are pureed?
- What is the distinction between a puree and a blend?
- I don’t have a blender, so how do I puree?
- What foods require extra sieving after they’ve been pureed?
- What are the best meats to puree?
- Is it possible to have ice cream on a pureed diet?
- Is it true that mashed potatoes are a pureed food?
- What can you consume while you’re on the pureed stage?
- Is it possible to eat grits on a pureed diet?
- Is it possible to purée without using a food processor?
- Is it possible to purée bread?
Mash vegetables like potatoes, yams, squash, or carrots with milk, cream, or broth. Make milkshakes or smoothies with banana, melon, or frozen fruit. To moisten meat, poultry, or fish, use gravy, broth, or sauce. Toss veggies, noodles, or rice with cheese sauce to keep them wet.
- Okay google what are the nutrition facts on angel food cake?
- What are the major nutritional disadvantages of fast food meals?
- What are some other strategies that allow animals to get nutrition from low quality food sources?
- A food item contains 118 nutritional calories. how many calories does the food item contain?
- After how many days food lose their nutritional value?
The following foods can be pureed:
- Pasta, potatoes, and rice are all cooked.
- Hot cereals that have been cooked, such as oatmeal, grits, or Cream of Wheat.
- Meats, fish, and chicken that have been cooked.
- Cottage cheese, yogurt, and ice cream are examples of dairy products.
- Potatoes and beans, for example, are cooked vegetables.
- Fruits that have been canned.
- Bananas and avocados that are ripe.
Diet based on puréed foods.
|Dairy Products and Milk||Solid cheeses, normal cottage cheese, farmer cheese, and pot cheese are all examples of solid cheeses.|
|Vegetables||Everything else, including well-cooked veggies that don’t require much chewing|
|Fruits||Other ingredients, such as mashed bananas and canned fruits|
|Starches||Other than that|
Cook the food until it is soft, then cut it into small parts and combine or process it. Alternatively, an immersion blender can be used. Puree or mix with a little liquid. Continue to add a little liquid at a time until you have a smooth purée.
Here are some ideas:
- String cheese or cheese sticks.
- Yogurt that is high in fat.
- Fresh or frozen diced fruit.
- Crackers and peanut butter.
- Crackers and cheese.
- Cottage cheese with a lot of fat.
- Chocolate milk or whole milk.
It’s easy to puree food for the elderly: Simply combine the ingredients of your choosing, along with liquid and an optional thickening agent, in a blender or food processor (flour, arrowroot, etc.). Continue to press the “On” button until the mixture is completely smooth.
Puréeing in Two Simple Steps.
- In a blender or food processor, combine the diced food with just enough liquid to cover it.
- Close the top and purée the food until it’s smooth and homogeneous. If the mixture is too dry, add a tablespoon of liquid at a time and blend until it achieves the appropriate consistency.
Using spoons, an ice cream scoop, the ridges of a fork, specialty food moulds, or the nozzles on a piping bag, pureed food can be molded on the plate to look appealing to eat. Fruit and herbs can be used as garnishes to make food seem more appealing, but they should not be eaten if they require chewing.
There is no liquid, gravy, sauce, or custard in or on the dish that has thinned or separated. Foods that are simple to purée include: Baked or scrambled eggs, for example, liquidize well. Cheese can be eaten with liquidized poultry, fish, or vegetables in a white sauce.
Yes, you can use a blender to purée any type of meat. If you don’t have a food processor, you can use a blender instead. To make a puree with the proper consistency, the most effective, easiest, and cheapest substitute for a food processor is a blender.
Rice, well-cooked pasta, crackers, pancakes, rolls, noodles, and muffins are all blended with a liquid of choice to make a pudding consistency. Smooth or blended oatmeal, baby oatmeal, cream of wheat, or farina are examples of hot cereals that have been cooked.
It’s straightforward to puree pasta within a sauce if you’re weaning your infant with purees. If you’re following the Baby Led Weaning method, you may either chop conventional pasta into tiny pieces (scissors make this easy) or purchase specific baby pasta shapes from the supermarket.
Break up the burgers and place them in a food processor bowl or a blender pitcher. For the purée, use at least two burgers at a time. Toss in two tomato packages. Pulse the burgers ten times to break them down, then mix in the grilled tomatoes.
It’s crucial to stay away from other foods, such as:
- Breads that haven’t been pureed.
- Any cereal that contains lumps.
- Cookies, cakes, or pastries are all options.
- Any type of whole fruit.
- Meats, beans, and cheese that have not been purified.
- Scrambled, fried, or hard-boiled eggs are all good options.
- Potatoes, pasta, or rice that haven’t been puréed.
- Soups that haven’t been puréed.
You can consume the following foods: Breads pureed (also called pre-gelled breads) Oatmeal or slightly moistened dry cereals with little texture, such as corn flakes, are examples of cooked cereals with little texture. Smooth puddings, custards, yogurts, and pureed sweets are some of the most popular desserts.
How Can I Help My Elderly Loved Ones Eat More?
- Increase nutrient density rather than serving size. Instead of increasing the volume of the foods they offer, they should increase the nutrient density.
- Establish a consistent eating regimen.
- Encourage people to eat together.
- Be aware of the potential side effects of your medication.
- Use an appetite stimulant if necessary.
A person suffering from dementia may notice alterations in their taste perception. They may begin to love flavors they previously disliked or loathe things they previously enjoyed. Dementia patients occasionally make eating choices that contradict their regular ideas or preferences.
Pureed (Level 4) If you are unable to bite or chew food, or if your tongue control is impaired, food may be used. Pureed meals simply need the tongue to be able to move forward and back to bring the food to the rear of the mouth for swallowing.
Place the cooked sausages in the blender or food processor’s bowl. Puree the hot liquid until it is completely smooth.
In a blender or processor, combine the egg mixture and white bread; purée to a creamy custard consistency, not dry or crumbly. NOTE: If the person can’t eat bread, skip step 3 and skip the eggs. Bread, made according to the slurry bread recipe, should be served on the side.
Sweet potatoes, carrots, beets, parsnips, and cauliflower are all excellent pureed vegetables. Vegetables that don’t need to be pureed: Fibrous green vegetables, such as broccoli, and shelled vegetables, such as peas, tend to leave threads and fragments that are difficult to purée.
The distinction between mix and puree as verbs. Blend means to mix; to combine intimately; to pass or shade insensibly into one another, whereas puree means to crush or grind food into a puree.
Here are some alternatives to using a blender to puree, chop, and blend foods:
- Make use of a food mill.
- Use a chinois strainer to filter the liquid.
- Consider using an immersion blender.
- Make use of a chef’s knife.
- Use a cheese grater to grate the cheese.
- Cook the food and mash it with a fork after it has been cooked.
- Make use of a rolling pin.
- Use a mallet and cheesecloth.
If you need to gain weight, eat extra fatty and sugary foods, such as butter, oil, cream, margarine, grated cheese, sugar, honey, or syrup. Make careful to puree and filter anything that has to be pureed. If you have a limited appetite or are losing weight, you should increase the nutritional value of your meals.
Choose meat cuts that are tender. Choose a tender piece of beef, chicken, pig, or lamb whether you’re pureeing beef, chicken, pork, or lamb. The toughest cuts of beef are often the cheapest, so choose for a cut like top sirloin. You can get boneless or bone-in chicken flesh.
Nuts, peas, sweetcorn, coconut, and several morning cereals are also good options. If you require thickened fluids, avoid ice cream or jelly, as they can change to normal thickness in your mouth. Points to keep in mind if you’re creating your own meals or if someone else is: The way this diet is presented is crucial.
Puréed foods, such as mashed potatoes and pudding, are eaten on a puréed diet because they don’t require chewing. Other meals can also be blended or strained to make them smoother. To make dishes simpler to swallow, liquids such as broth, milk, juice, or water can be added.
Foods that have been pureed.
- Ground meat, chicken, or fish that is lean.
- Cottage cheese is a type of cheese that is made from cottage.
- Scrambled eggs with a soft texture.
- Cereal that has been cooked.
- Cooked veggies and soft fruits.
- Soups made with cream that has been strained.
Cereals that have been cooked (no nuts or seeds): Oatmeal, rice or wheat cream, and grits To purée rice or pasta, use gravy, broth, or sauce. To purée peanut butter and jelly sandwiches, muffins, or other baked items, use milk or cream.
Without a food processor, you may puree food by heating it until it’s soft and then crushing it with a fork or potato masher. Place foods that need to be crushed in a plastic bag and roll them over with a rolling pin.
Making bread items that have been pureed. To purée all items, use a small chopper, blender, or food processor. If you require additional information, speak with your nutritionist. 2. Break 12–1 cup (125–250 mL) of a bread product into small pieces if necessary.Category:Nutritional Food Pureed | <urn:uuid:10ec5b9c-127c-4ee0-8885-3d0f6124c429> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nutritionless.com/how-to-make-pureed-food-for-seniors/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.900009 | 2,679 | 1.71875 | 2 |
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Large amounts of snow fell in some American cities last month. One storm hit the East Coast, causing flight cancellations and temporarily stopping traffic in some areas.
Snow is a subject of great interest to weather experts. They sometimes have difficulty estimating where, when or how much snow will fall. One reason is that heavy amounts of snow fall in surprisingly small areas. Another reason is that a small change in temperature can mean the difference between snow and rain.
Just what is snow, anyway? Snow is a form of frozen water. It contains groups of ice particles called snow crystals. These crystals grow from water droplets in cold clouds. They usually grow around dust particles.
All snow crystals have six sides, but they grow in different shapes. The shape depends mainly on the temperature and water levels in the air.
Snow crystals grow in one of two designs – plate-like and columnar. Plate-like crystals are flat. They form when the air temperature is about fifteen degrees below zero Celsius. Columnar snow crystals look like sticks of ice. They form when the temperature is about five degrees below zero.
The shape of a snow crystal may change from one form to another as the crystal passes through levels of air with different temperatures. When melting snow-crystals or raindrops fall through very cold air, they freeze to form small particles of ice, called sleet. Groups of frozen water-droplets are called snow pellets. Under some conditions, these particles may grow larger and form solid pieces of ice, or hail. Hail can be dangerous to people, animals and property.
When snow crystals stick together, they produce snowflakes. Snowflakes come in different sizes. As many as one hundred crystals may join to form a snowflake larger than two and one-half centimeters. Under some conditions, snowflakes can form that are five centimeters long. Usually, this requires near-freezing temperatures, light winds and changing conditions in Earth’s atmosphere.
Snow contains much less water than rain. About two and one-half centimeters of rain has as much water as fifteen centimeters of wet snow. About seventy-six centimeters of dry snow equals the water in two and one-half centimeters of rain.
Much of the water the world uses comes from snow.
Snowfall helps to protect plants and some wild animals from winter weather. Fresh snow is made largely of air trapped among the snow crystals. Because the air has trouble moving, the movement of heat is limited.
Generally, snow and ice appear white. This is because the light we see from the sun is white. Most natural materials take in some sunlight. This gives them their color. However, when light travels from air to snow, some light is sent back, or reflected. Snow crystals have many surfaces to reflect sunlight. Yet the snow does take in a little sunlight. It is this light that gives snow its white appearance.
Each year, the continental United States has an average of one hundred five snowstorms. An average storm produces snow for two to five days.
Snow may be beautiful, but it can be deadly. It is responsible for the deaths of hundreds of people in the United States every year. Many people die in traffic accidents on roads that are covered with snow or ice. Others die from being out in the cold, or from heart attacks caused by too much physical activity.
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What could possibly go wrong?
– FDA approves first GMO flu vaccine containing reprogrammed insect virus (Natural News, Feb 8, 2013):
A new vaccine for influenza has hit the market, and it is the first ever to contain genetically-modified (GM) proteins derived from insect cells. According to reports, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved the vaccine, known as Flublok, which contains recombinant DNA technology and an insect virus known as baculovirus that is purported to help facilitate the more rapid production of vaccines.
According to Flublok’s package insert, the vaccine is trivalent, which means it contains GM proteins from three different flu strains. The vaccine’s manufacturer, Protein Sciences Corporation (PSC), explains that Flublok is produced by extracting cells from the fall armyworm, a type of caterpillar, and genetically altering them to produce large amounts of hemagglutinin, a flu virus protein that enables the flu virus itself to enter the body quickly.
So rather than have to produce vaccines the “traditional” way using egg cultures, vaccine manufacturers will now have the ability to rapidly produce large batches of flu virus protein using GMOs, which is sure to increase profits for the vaccine industry. But it is also sure to lead to all sorts of serious side effects, including the deadly nerve disease Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GSB), which is listed on the shot as a potential side effect.
“If Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) has occurred within six weeks of receipt of a prior influenza vaccine, the decision to give Flublock should be based on careful consideration of the potential benefits and risks,” explains a section of the vaccine’s literature entitled “Warnings and Precautions.” Other potential side effects include allergic reactions, respiratory infections, headaches, fatigue, altered immunocompetence, rhinorrhea, and myalgia.
According to clinical data provided by PSC in Flublok’s package insert, two study participants actually died during trials of the vaccine. But the company still insists Flublok is safe and effective, and that it is about 45 percent effective against all strains of influenza in circulation, rather than just one or two strains.
FDA also approves flu vaccine containing dog kidney cells
Back in November, the FDA also approved a new flu vaccine known as Flucelvax that is actually made using dog kidney cells. A product of pharmaceutical giant Novartis, Flucelvax also does away with the egg cultures, and can similarly be produced much more rapidly than traditional flu vaccines, which means vaccine companies can have it ready and waiting should the federal government declare a pandemic.
Like Flublok, Flucelvax was made possible because of a $1 billion, taxpayer-funded grant given by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to the vaccine industry back in 2006 to develop new manufacturing methods for vaccines. The ultimate goal is to be able to quickly manufacture hundreds of millions of vaccines for rapid distribution.
Meanwhile, there are reportedly two other GMO flu vaccines currently under development. One of them, which is being produced by Novavax, will utilize “bits of genetic material grown in caterpillar cells called ‘virus-like particles’ that mimic a flu virus,” according to Reuters.
Sources for this article include: | <urn:uuid:068c6325-df83-4ac2-9261-70413771c4ee> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.infiniteunknown.net/2013/02/08/fda-approves-first-gmo-flu-vaccine-containing-reprogrammed-insect-virus/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00497-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951488 | 722 | 2.734375 | 3 |
I don’t have much experience in interviewing software developers as yet but recently I was asked to do a few for one of the projects in my company. Now, after a few meetings with candidates, I want to share my thoughts on how to prepare for the tech talk, what questions to ask and how to draw conclusions from what you hear. I think that good preparation is the key to choosing the right candidate!
This is one of the most important tasks before the interview! First of all you have to know the position candidates will apply for well. Based on this, you can choose the range of topics to ask about.
Ok, so how should you prepare for the interview? First, you have to know what knowledge is necessary for the position you are interviewing for. Based on that, you can prepare specific questions, for example, if the position requires a deep knowledge of React/Redux you may want to ask about the React lifecycle, how to perform communication between components or what is the action creator in Redux.
Apart from technologies, the applicant would need knowledge of tools. Usually you should ask questions about automation tools (Grunt/Gulp – you can ask why Gulp is better ;-)). You can also check if they have experience with stuff like webpack or browserify. Questions about Git or other source control tools are also welcome.
Write down all these question ideas and don’t forget to check if you know the right answer 😉 When you ask a question you always have to know the answer!
Ok. Now, once you are well prepared, you can arrange the meeting (or ask HR for that). At the beginning, after introducing myself, I usually ask the candidates to tell me something about their latest projects – what technology they used, if they used git/webpack/gulp, if they made any unit tests (if so, what frameworks) and other technologies especially those which are required for the position you are interviewing for.
After they finish talking about projects they were involved in, you can ask them the questions formulated during the preparation process. Please don’t forget to give them the right answer if they don’t know it. The recruitment process should be a good, developing experience. And they should feel as if they are talking with someone who knows what they’re doing 😉
When you finish asking questions, it’s good to give them the possibility to ask you questions. Perhaps they would like to know something more about the project or your company.
Providing an opinion about the candidate
Ok, so this is how you can distinguish juniors from more experienced developers. But how to recognize a specialist? Well… I think you can tell from the way they talk about projects that they were involved in, about technology etc. If they talk about it with passion, conjure up interesting facts, are up to date with the latest changes in frameworks and are almost guessing the next question (e.g. you don’t have to additionally ask them what automation/build/test tool they use because they will say it themselves), you will probably know immediately that you are dealing with a senior developer. Of course you may ask them several technical questions but I’m sure they will know the answers…
I think that good preparation is the key to conducting a good interview. This may be a stressful experience for both of you so if you know what to ask and know the answers it will be easier for you and you will look like a person who knows what they doing.
This may also be helpful in drawing conclusions but I think the more experienced you are in interviewing, the more accurate your judgement will be. | <urn:uuid:ebf24912-3993-4f4f-9ec5-b1c041e9f936> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://frontendinsights.com/interviewing-front-end-developers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00014-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963846 | 752 | 1.796875 | 2 |
The Pearl of the Pacific, one of the most visited destinations in the Mexican Pacific
The arrival of cruise ships in Mazatlan has become a watershed on the economy of the port, the arrival of these visitors to the city leaves an important economic spill, as passengers and crew members take advantage of their descent to visit the most important attractions of the city and spend on average 120 dollars.
Such is the case of the basilica cathedral of the Immaculate Mazatlan, which is called the Immaculate Conception, thus becoming a mandatory stop for all people who arrive at the port by sea and other means of transport.
Its baroque style has become its main attraction, as the structure imposes beauty in the eyes of any visitor.
Since 2021 the arrival of cruise ships and so far in 2022, the port has become one of the main destinations of large shipping companies, it should be noted that these cruise ships consider the port one of the most beautiful destinations in the world.
The Mazatlan Post | <urn:uuid:687132ac-8d81-4dda-86b6-5a2b91babf32> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://themazatlanpost.com/2022/01/20/cruise-tourists-and-their-obligatory-stop-the-cathedral-of-mazatlan/?noamp=mobile | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.961371 | 217 | 1.609375 | 2 |
LAST Monday I drove the Model S, a full-size sedan recently introduced by Tesla, the California electric-car start-up, from Lake Tahoe to Los Angeles. I covered 531 miles and the drive took 11.5 hours, during which the car consumed zero gasoline and produced no tailpipe emissions.
My route, the first a Model S owner might take using Tesla Motors’ network of so-called Superchargers, previewed a significant advance in the practicality of battery-electric cars. Tesla’s string of strategically placed high-speed chargers made possible something that has not been available to American E.V. drivers: the ability to make a long-distance drive in a single day.
The Supercharger, Tesla’s name for a proposed nationwide network of electric-car filling stations, outlines the most tangible blueprint so far of petroleum-free driving in the United States. “The one big holdout with most E.V.’s today is that you can’t take a road trip,” said J B Straubel, Tesla’s chief technical officer. “What happens if I want to go across the country? I can’t tell you how many times we get that question.”
Tesla’s answer is to install powerful charging stations — pumping electricity at 90 kilowatts, adding about 250 miles of range in an hour — at key locations between major cities. There’s plenty of range for intracity travel. The goal of the charging network is to enable intercity journeys, eventually on a nationwide basis.Continue reading the main story
Before the end of October, the company plans to open its first charging locations to customers who have bought the Model S. Owners with the 85-kilowatt-hour battery, which comes equipped to use the Supercharger system (the fast-charge capability is optional on the 60 kilowatt-hour model) will receive free electric fuel for life at the stations.
Mr. Straubel said he saw the high-speed chargers as “the final piece of the whole technology suite” enabling Tesla to “take on an enormous part of the market we couldn’t reach before.”
My journey began at 6:55 a.m. at Kings Beach, Calif., elevation 6,000 feet, on Lake Tahoe’s north shore. The 85-kilowatt-hour battery pack, which has an E.P.A.-rated range of 265 miles, was only three-quarters full when I left, but the Model S had no trouble with the 100 miles, much of it downhill, to the first charger in Folsom, Calif. When I arrived, the battery pack still held 40 percent of its capacity.
At 9:25 a.m. in Folsom I pulled the Model S close to the pedestal that carries the charging cable, which is only four feet long to ensure that it never falls to the ground and gets run over. The Supercharger itself, about the size and shape of a small refrigerator, sits 30 feet away. Plugging in was as easy as charging at home and simpler than using a gas pump.
On the Model S, the fast charger connects to a port hidden behind a door in the driver-side taillight — the same one used for lower-power refueling at home.
Amenities near the Folsom charger, as with other Tesla network locations, were not an obvious match for the automaker’s upscale demographic. Tesla identified places close to chain restaurants, restrooms, Wi-Fi and motels.
Twenty-two minutes after plugging in, the charger had restored 100 miles of range in the Model S. It took another 20 minutes to add the next 50 miles because the rate of charging tapers down as the battery fills. Think of it as electrons having more difficulty squeezing into an increasingly crowded space. The smart strategy for fastest charging is to arrive at a destination with a nearly empty battery.
Another five minutes of charging brought the estimated range to 254 miles, enough to make it to the next stop, Coalinga. Tesla engineers advised holding my speed to 70 miles per hour just to make sure. No restrictions were placed on air-conditioner use, though.
The Supercharger is clever in its construction. It starts with the same 10-kilowatt charger that is onboard every Model S. To build the Supercharger, the company strings together 12 of the same units, which were designed from the beginning as building blocks.
“It’s good modular engineering,” Mr. Straubel said. “We configured all the circuitry, the power and the communications so we can just stack them up.”
Each Supercharger can serve two cars, and most locations will have three units. With solar panels planned for many locations, operating costs are expected to remain low, perhaps explaining the free recharges.
My lunch stop at Harris Ranch, a hacienda-like restaurant, added 153 miles of range before my burger even arrived. So I cleared the charging spot for another Model S, a Tesla company vehicle that had joined the trip, and returned to lunch. With way more energy than I would need to reach the next station 115 miles away, I made up time by flying along with Interstate 5’s speedy traffic.
At 4:30 p.m., at the Lebec station — the first Tesla station to incorporate solar panels — I was content to add 117 miles of range in 25 minutes.
The final run to Tesla’s Southern California design center in Hawthorne was uneventful. I arrived at 6:30 p.m., almost 12 hours after leaving Tahoe. The Supercharger concept worked.
Driving a gas-powered car averaging 60 miles per hour, stopping one hour for lunch and twice for 15-minute rest stops, would have cut my travel time by one hour. In my electric test car, if I had eaten my lunch on the go, the duration would have been much the same.
The transition from a day on the Interstates to an evening in Los Angeles, where a ceremony to introduce the Supercharger concept to a crowd of Tesla fans, was jarring.
After delivering a stilted, ad-libbed speech, Elon Musk, Tesla’s chief executive, dropped the curtain from a glowing 40-foot object, apparently a charging location roadside sign, but unmistakably phallic in shape. I didn’t see anything like it on my trip.
Let’s hope that the cheap theatrics will fade, to be replaced by a more realistic image: thousands of E.V. owners on electric road trips, eating at highway fast-food restaurants and experiencing the open road like other Americans.Continue reading the main story | <urn:uuid:f321dc40-7aa1-4a83-b6ac-f0a300560b3c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/30/automobiles/on-an-electric-highway-charging-into-the-future.html?_r=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00299-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953274 | 1,420 | 2.234375 | 2 |
|Publication number||US6771977 B1|
|Application number||US 09/364,384|
|Publication date||Aug 3, 2004|
|Filing date||Jul 30, 1999|
|Priority date||Jul 30, 1999|
|Publication number||09364384, 364384, US 6771977 B1, US 6771977B1, US-B1-6771977, US6771977 B1, US6771977B1|
|Inventors||Thomas B. Campbell|
|Original Assignee||Rockwell Collins, Inc.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (26), Referenced by (8), Classifications (8), Legal Events (6)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This application relates to copending patent application filed on even date herewith entitled “AIRBORNE SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM HAVING A SATELLITE SELECTION ALGORITHM THEREIN WHICH IS DEPENDENT UPON AN ANTENNA MOUNTING CHARACTERISTIC AND AN ANGULAR DISTANCE BETWEEN AN ANTENNA NORMAL LINE AND A LINE TO A SATELLITE” by the same inventor and assigned to the same assignee.
The present invention generally relates to airborne satellite voice and data communication systems. In recent years, airlines have increased the availability of satellite voice and data communication systems on board commercial aircraft. For many airlines, satellite communication systems are preferred because of the nearly worldwide coverage area that is frequently available. For example, communication satellites from INMARSAT cover almost the entire globe. Both flight deck and cabin voice and data communications are now available on this worldwide system known in the industry as AERO H, for the high gain transmitter/antenna system used to communicate in the global satellite beams. INMARSAT has offered three types of services for its airline customers: AERO H, which provides a worldwide coverage area with a mosaic of “global beams”, and a more geographically limited service known as AERO I, which uses intermediate gain transmitter/antenna systems. The intermediate gain transmitters communicate only while in “spot beams” or nearby areas where the satellites are able to receive signals from the lower power transmitters/antenna systems. The AERO H transmitter antenna system would typically transmit in excess of 40 watts, while the typical AERO I transmitter/antenna system transmits in a range of approximately 20 to 25 watts. The final INMARSAT aeronautical service, AERO L, is a data only service that makes use of the global beam, much in the same manner of AERO H.
The development of spot beam technology allows for use of a smaller, less expensive transmitter and smaller and less expensive antenna systems. Typically, these transmitters have multiple channels allowing several (typically 5) simultaneous conversations from the aircraft to terrestrial positions while the aircraft is within a satellite's spot beam. To prevent one transmitter from interfering with another, satellite service providers require emitted signals from terminals to meet minimum spectral purity requirements that tend to artificially limit the amount of power a transmitter may emit. While the AERO I transmitter/antenna systems have some very significant advantages, such as reduced cost, size and weight, it also has drawbacks as well.
One major drawback of the AERO I system, in comparison with the AERO H system, is its inability to provide truly worldwide communication ability. With their lower power transmitters, AERO I systems typically are only able to provide normal communication services while within or relatively close to spot beams. While this may be economically efficient for many airlines, it is often undesirable for flight crews, especially during times of emergencies in remote areas of the world.
Consequently, there exists a need for improvement in satellite communication systems which provides low cost, low weight and smaller sized transmitter/antenna systems while concomitantly providing expanded emergency communication service areas.
It is an object of the present invention to increase service coverage for lower power transmitter/antenna systems.
It is a feature of the present invention to include a transmitter having a relatively high power transmitter while in emergency communications mode.
It is an advantage of the present invention to provide nearly worldwide emergency service from a system normally operating only within limited spot beam areas.
It is another object of the present invention to use a lower power transmitter in conjunction with a lower gain antenna system.
It is another feature of the present invention to include a dual mode transmitter where one of the modes is a single channel mode for use during emergencies only.
It is an advantage of the present invention to avoid the distortion products that would otherwise be associated with simultaneous multi-channel operations on multiple frequencies at increased power levels.
The present invention is a method and apparatus for providing nearly worldwide emergency service on a multi-channel satellite voice and data communication system which is typically limited to operation only in spot beams, which is designed to satisfy the aforementioned needs, to achieve the above-included objects, include the previously stated features, and arrive at the already articulated advantages.
The present invention is carried out in a “distortion product-less” system in a sense that the interference that would otherwise result from the distortion products of multiple channels operating simultaneously through a lower power transmitter are eliminated while operating at higher power levels.
Accordingly, the present invention is an apparatus and method which includes a multi-mode transmitter where one mode is an emergency mode in which all but one of the multiple channels are disabled, and the single remaining channel is allowed to broadcast at a higher power level than when the apparatus is operated in another mode, the multi-channel mode.
The invention may be more fully understood by reading the foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the appended drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art satellite communication system.
FIG. 2 is a simplified flow diagram of a process of the present invention.
Now referring to the drawings, wherein like numerals refer to like matter throughout, and more particularly to FIG. 1, there is shown a schematic representation of a satellite communication system, generally designated 100 of the prior art, including an airborne earth station segment 102, a satellite segment 120, and a ground earth station segment 140.
Airborne earth station segment 102 is shown having an antenna 104, which is typically disposed on the exterior surface of the aircraft and is typically designed for communicating with the satellite segment 120, using RF communication in the L band; however, other frequencies could be readily substituted. Antenna 104 is coupled through amplifier 106 to transmitter/receiver 108. An ACARS Management Unit (ACARS MU) 110 is shown coupled with transmitter/receiver 108 having a crew headset 112 coupled thereto. A cabin terminal unit (CTU) 109 is shown coupling the passenger headsets 114 with the transmitter/receiver 108. Airborne earth station segments 102 are well known in the art, and numerous modifications and variations of that which is depicted herein are also readily known.
The satellite segment 120 of the satellite communication system 100 is shown having three satellites 122, 124 and 126. Satellite systems may have varying numbers of satellites, and three are shown here only for purposes of simplicity. First satellite 122 is generally depicted in a position above the airborne earth station segment 102. As situated, it is intended to depict a satellite having the highest elevation angle above the horizon. Satellite 124 has an elevation angle between satellite 122 and satellite 126. Satellite 126 is intended to depict a satellite whose elevation above the horizon is a smaller angle than either satellite 122 or 124.
Ground earth station segment 140 is shown as a ground based satellite antenna 142 positioned at a terrestrial location and typically communicating with satellite segment 120 over the C band; however, other frequencies could be readily substituted. Signals received by ground based satellite antenna 142 are then provided over some terrestrial based communication network 144, which could be any type of communication system known in the art. An end user station 146 can be any type of end user operating any type of communication equipment, such as a telephone, computer, etc.
In operation, the prior art satellite communication system 100 may operate as follows: passengers or members of the flight crew on board an aircraft desirous of communicating with an end user station 146, initiate a voice or data call from crew and passenger headsets 112 and 114 respectively. These signals are processed by transmitter/receiver 108 and amplifier 106 and emitted through antenna 104 to a satellite in the satellite segment 120. One of the satellites, acting as a relay station, typically receives signals transmitted from the airborne earth station segment 102 on one frequency, and then relays it to a ground based satellite antenna 142 on another frequency. Signals from the crew and passenger headsets 112 and 114 respectively continue over communication network 144 and are ultimately delivered to end user station 146.
Now referring to FIG. 2, there is shown a flow diagram of a process of the present invention, generally designated 200.
Block 202 depicts well-known algorithms and requirements for Effective Isotropic Radiation Power (EIRP) management. Existing satellite communication systems utilize various forms of power management, all of which are well known in the art. In conjunction with the prior art EIRP management algorithm, several innovative steps are described below. Decision node 200 essentially asks the question whether any emergency calls are in process. If no emergency calls are in process or none have been requested, then the prior art algorithms of blocks 202 and 206 may be implemented. However, if an emergency call is requested, then decision nodes 202 and 208 ask the question of whether the normal EIRP is sufficient to support both packet data services and voice services. If the answer to this question is “yes”, then the normal prior art EIRP management algorithms of block 202 can be utilized, and both packet data and voice calls are supported at normal. However, if there is insufficient EIRP to support both packet data and voice, then in accordance with block 206, voice services are terminated as required. Then in accordance with decision node 208, the question is asked whether the EIRP is sufficient to support voice services. If the answer is “yes”, then the emergency voice call is supported at normal HPA Drive levels. Note that prior art power management algorithms as depicted by block 202 will typically terminate all voice calls when necessary to support an emergency call. If the decision from decision node 208 is “no”, and the normal EIRP is insufficient to support the emergency voice call, then the packet data services are terminated in accordance with block 209. An emergency call is then supported, at a higher power level if required (210).
Since the emergency voice call is the only call in process at the time an increase in drive to HPA may be commanded, the distortion products normally occurring as a result of simultaneous transmissions of several calls is no longer a constraint upon the system. It is believed that the typical power amplifier can be driven to a higher power level during this single channel operation and still provide transmissions which exhibit compliant emission characteristics. With the increased drive to the HPA, the effective isotropic radiation power of the system is increased, thereby enhancing the ability to provide for a longer range communication in more remote areas.
The prior art EIRP management algorithm as depicted in block 202 above may continuously monitor the power level, and if the power level at the output of the HPA should fall back into a linear region in which data communications could be supported, then such services would be permitted.
It is thought that the method and apparatus of the present invention will be understood from the foregoing description and that it will be apparent that various changes may be made in the form, construct steps and arrangement of the parts and steps thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention or sacrificing all of their material advantages. The form herein described is merely a preferred exemplary embodiment thereof.
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|U.S. Classification||455/522, 455/431, 455/404.1|
|Cooperative Classification||H04B7/18563, H04W52/50, H04W52/281|
|Jul 30, 1999||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: ROCKWELL COLLINS, INC., IOWA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CAMPBELL, THOMAS B.;REEL/FRAME:010150/0120
Effective date: 19990730
|Feb 11, 2008||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|Mar 10, 2008||SULP||Surcharge for late payment|
|Mar 10, 2008||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Sep 21, 2011||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|Feb 3, 2016||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 12 | <urn:uuid:8b5999f3-fca4-4d30-8a44-f02fa123ad2e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.google.com/patents/US6771977?dq=4200770 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00394-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.888891 | 4,028 | 1.601563 | 2 |
I went walking.
What did you see?
I saw a black cat
Looking at me.
These catchy stanzas frolic through the Australian author Sue Williams’s simple, funny read-aloud picture book that tracks a crazy-haired boy’s stroll through the countryside. The boy sees a black cat, then a brown horse, then a red cow, and so on, and before he knows it, he’s being trailed by the entire menagerie! The Australian illustrator Julie Vivas brings the parade to life in lovely, lively watercolors—when the pink pig looks at the boy, for example, the boy sprays off his muddy body with a hose. Big type, repetition, friendly art, clean design—and the visual guessing game created by introducing each animal only partially at first—make this beloved tale a winner at story time.
Did you find this review helpful? | <urn:uuid:12686092-d41e-412e-b408-508d06de21fa> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.exodusbooks.com/i-went-walking/williams/40964/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00124-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.918603 | 190 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Table of Contents
- 1 Scientific Classification
- 2 Common names
- 3 In Science
- 4 Health Benefits of Mulberry fruits
- 5 Mulberry tree medicinal uses
- 6 Mulberry leaf Herbal tea
Mulberry tree is known by many common names such as Tut, Shahtoot, Silkworm mulberry, Chi sang, etc. This tree is mainly known for rearing of silkworms. The process of making silk from silkworms started in China. China is the largest producer of silk followed by India.
Silk production process starts with eggs of Silk moth. From these eggs, larvae emerge which are voracious eater of mulberry leaves. The larvae spun a silky protective case from their gland. Within 5-8 days the larvae is completely covered in silk casing. This is cocoon stage. This is the stage to get silk from silkworm. Beyond cocoon stage, the larva changes into moth. The processing of silk involves boiling of alive cocoon in water for a few minutes. The silkworms are killed and separated. Then silk strands are unwound from the cocoon. A single cocoon can give about 350-370 mm of silk filament. Many filaments are combined to make white raw silk thread which is processed further.
Mulberry is also an edible medicinal tree. Its fruits are tasty and nutritive. They are enjoyed fresh, dried, as juice, jams, jellies and as an ingredient in many recipes. The leaves are also edible and have anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, diuretic and antipyretic properties.
- KINGDOM: Plantae – Plants
- SUBKINGDOM: Tracheobionta – Vascular plants
- SUPERDIVISION: Spermatophyta – Seed plants
- DIVISION: Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants
- CLASS: Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons
- SUBCLASS: Hamamelididae
- ORDER: Urticales
- FAMILY: Moraceae – Mulberry family
- GENUS: Morus L. – mulberry
SPECIES: Genus Morus consists of about 24 species and more than hundred known varieties. The most common species are Morus alba (white mulberry), Morus rubra (Red mulberry) and Morus nigra (Black mulberry).
ENGLISH: Mulberry;HINDI: Tut;UNANI: Shahtut, Tut;OTHER COMMON NAMES: Chinese white mulberry, common mulberry, Russian mulberry, silkworm mulberry, chi sang, chin sang, moral blanco.
About The Species
Mulberry tree is native to warm temperate and subtropical regions. It is found in Asia, Africa, Europe and America. Morus alba is native of India, China and Japan. Morus rubra is native to eastern North America. Morus nigra is native to Southern Russia.
The leaves of white and red Mulberry differ slightly. Red mulberry leaves are dull green, rough on top, hairy from beneath and are usually larger (4-10 inches) than white mulberry (3-4 inches). The leaf margin of M.rubra leaf is finely serrate compared to those of M.alba. The leaves of white Mulberry are bright green, shiny, less hairy and with prominent main vein underneath.
Unripe Mulberries are white to pale yellow in color. On ripening, they turn red, dark purple and then black depending on species. The fruits of Red mulberry are nearly black when ripe but white mulberry fruits can be white, red, or deep purple. Fruits of White Mulberry/Morus alba are very sweet in taste with low acidity. Red Mulberry/M. rubra fruits are purple in color, less sweet, less juicy, high in dry matter and low in acidity. Black Mulberry/M. nigra fruits are very juicy and have refreshing acidic flavour.
Nowadays many studies are performed on traditional herbs for finding their therapeutic potential. Scientific study of mulberry tree shows its bark is hypoglycaemic, leaves are anti-inflammatory, emollient, expectorant, diaphoretic, and fruits are cooling and laxative in action.
The leaves contain flavonoids, anthocyanins, artocarpin, cycloartocarpin and analogues. The hot water extract (tea) of leaves showed lipid and cholesterol lowering effect in rabbits. Reduction in the liver enlargement and fat deposition in the liver was also observed.
The leaves paste found to be active against Gram- Positive bacteria and yeast.
Health Benefits of Mulberry fruits
Mulberry fruits are sweet-sour, juicy and nutritive. Fresh mulberries are available during spring and summer but you may enjoy dry mulberry throughout the year. Though drying process causes loss of many vitamins such as vitamin C and E.
Mulberries are good for the digestive system, eyes, blood and immunity. Fresh mulberries are full of majority of vitamins (carotene, vitamin A, C, K and E). They are also high in Potassium and magnesium. Mulberries are rich source of flavonoids. Flavonoids are basically large group of water-soluble plant pigments with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. These are helpful in maintaining the health of small blood vessels and connective tissue. Mulberries contain flavonoids quercetin-3-glucoside, rutin, morin and isoquercetin.
Mulberries improve immunity and metabolism, detoxify the liver and kidney, and calms the nerves.
These small fruits are tonic for blood. Mulberry fruit juice on regular intake, is beneficial in anemia, sleeplessness, dizziness, and heart palpitation.
Mulberries have laxative effect and are helpful in constipation cure. The fruits are eaten empty stomach with glass of water for treating the same.
Mulberry fruits eating improves haemoglobin level and cleanses blood.
Mulberries are Tonic, laxative, sedative, warming, and expectorant in action. They are good for the heart, the liver, digestive system and protect body from diseases due to the presence of flavonoids and anthocyanin.
Mulberry fruit juice is rich in anthocyanins, minerals (iron and magnesium) and vitamins. It has anti-viral, anti-oxidant properties and scavenges free radicals. The juice also exhibits anti-stress effect and protects the body from the damages that occur due to stress (stress causes formation of free radicals which attack any organic molecule, cells, generating compounds, called reactive oxygen metabolites, including hydroperoxides). Mulberry juice inhibits hydroperoxide formation through the free radicalaaq2zxa scavenging activity of the juice.
Mulberry tree medicinal uses
Mulberry tree is a medicinal plant. It is used therapeutically in many countries such as India, Japan, China, etc. Generally for medicinal purpose White Mulberry/Morus alba is used. In India, Decoction of the tree bark is given for lowering blood sugar and leaf decoction is used as diuretic/ stimulates production of urine.
In traditional Chinese medicine, various parts of Mulberry tree are used from time immemorial. The tree is known as Sang in Chinese and the fruit (sang shen), leaves (sang yè), and the root bark (sang bai pi) are used medicinally. The leaves are considered cooling and used to get relief from symptoms of lung heat like cough, fever and sore throat. Tree (Morus alba) leaves are used for bronchitis, cold and cough.
Mulberry leaf Herbal tea
Mulberry leaves can be used fresh or dried. The decoction (of 3-10 g leaves) is useful in maintaining good vision. Tea prepared from Mulberry leaves in combination with other herbs is beneficial in variety of diseases. A herbal tea of Mulberry leaves and chrysanthemum flowers gives relief in symptoms of fever, sore throat and dry eyes. This tea is folk remedy for conjunctive congestion with dryness, excessive tears and pain in the body. It is prepared by steeping few leaves of Mulberry, some dried flowers of chrysanthemum and rock salt in boiling water (about one cup) for three minutes. This is filtered and taken orally.
Another recipe of Mulberry Herbal tea is to take 16-18 pieces of Mulberry leaves, few curry leaves, one stalk of lemon grass and three pieces of Pandan leaves in a pot and boil for a few minutes. This is strained and taken orally. The herbal tea also reduces blood sugar. Eating leaves of Mulberry with black salt is also helpful in diabetes.
Mulberry leaves possess wound healing properties. The home remedy for wounds is to prepare a paste of leaves and apply topically.
Toothache, throat congestion
The leaves are also used for toothaches and throat congestion. For this purpose the juice of leaves is used as gargle.
Effective Against Diabetes
Mulberry leaves are anti-diabetic and many studies affirms this fact. The alkaloid component of leaves 1-deoxynojirimycin (found highest in soft leaves) is one of the most potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are oral anti-diabetic agents used for diabetes mellitus type 2 and work by preventing the digestion of carbohydrates. Therefore as a natural remedy herbal infusion of leaves can be taken. This can be prepared by soaking 1-3 grams of mulberry leaves in hundred ml boiling water for 5 minutes. On oral intake this herbal tea will exhibit inhibitory activity against sucrase, maltase and alpha-glucosidases enzymes.
There are number of biologically active compounds in extracts of the white mulberry leaves which are effective in suppressing the progression of atherosclerosis (disease of the arteries characterized by the deposition of fatty material on their inner walls) and the build-up of cholesterol-rich plaque in our arteries. The leaves extracts have properties that inhibit the oxidation of LDL-cholesterol or the bad cholesterol. Oxidized LDL is harmful as it contains free radicals. These free radicals can react with tissues and produce damage to them.
In India, a nutritional scientists group suggested that the white mulberry leaves can be a good food due to richness in protein content with good amino acid profile, high digestibility, high mineral content, low fibre content and good taste. These scientists also propose that a 1:4 mixture of mulberry-leaf powder and wheat flour would be suitable for making paratha for a nutritious diet. It is also believed regular consumption of mulberry leaves can stimulate the nervous system and help in maintaining proper functioning of the digestive tract.
Mulberry is a non-toxic, edible tree. You can eat its fruits as well as leaves without any side-effects. In Thailand, Mulberry leaves are consumed in many ways. Herbal tea prepared from the leaves is also very popular in China and Thailand.
Recommended dosage of various parts of Mulberry tree
Root bark: 6–12 g; Leaf: 3–12 g; Fruits: 9–15 g; fruit syrup: 2–4 ml. | <urn:uuid:2e022704-5993-463a-abdc-3a6e85ed5207> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bimbima.com/ayurveda/mulberry-tree-amazing-health-benefits/322/?replytocom=4305 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.931059 | 2,381 | 3.09375 | 3 |
In industrial or substation applications mainly three types of batteries are used namely:
- Vented / Flooded Lead Acid batteries
- Sealed maintenance free batteries/Valve Regulated Lead Acid
- Nickel Cadmium (Ni-cd) batteries
For UPS applications batteries are the most popular and hence are widely used. Hence, in this detailing, mainly emphasize has been put on these type of batteries.
Vented / Flooded Lead Acid Batteries
There are two types for vented or flooded lead acid batteries namely tubular and Plante. The difference between the two is the construction. For tubular battery normal life is 8-10 years. The Plante battery is both mechanically and electrically more durable. The normal life for Plante batteries is 15-20 years. Because this type of battery generates corrosive fumes when charging and because the sulfuric acid electrolyte does evaporate to some extent, these batteries must be used in a special room, which is well ventilated to the outside and kept away from delicate electronic equipments.
It needs separate room/racks with acid proof tiles for installation. Because of evaporation, it needs regular maintenance to check specific gravity, to add water and acid. These batteries can withstand high temperature, voltage, and deep discharge with minimum damage to itself. A notice should be exhibited in the battery room prohibiting smoking and use of naked flames. These batteries cannot be transported in charged condition and therefore need charging at site.
Typical initial charging of the battery will take about 55 to 90 hours. Nominal cell voltage is 2V/cell. The charger for this battery should be able to provide the first charge at 2.6 to 2.7 V/cell.
These types of batteries are typically used for UPS Systems of very high rated capacity, typically engaged for plant application, wherein maintenance and space is not really an issue.
Sealed Maintenance Free batteries (SMF)
These are also known as Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA) batteries. These batteries are the most popular for usage with UPS systems for computer or commercial application. Being sealed, these batteries do not emit any fumes and hence can be very well installed next to electronic equipment. These batteries also can be housed in a close enclosure if necessary. These batteries are also maintenance free and avoid any hassles of checking specific gravity, adding water or acid, etc.
These batteries have a relatively lesser life of approx. 3-5 years. The life expectancy typically depends on the number of charge/discharge cycle experienced by the batteries and the ambient temperature in which the batteries are used. These batteries are primarily the most popular for commercial applications due to “Install and forget” approach.
1. Permissible operating temperature range of SMF batteries is 15 deg C to 50 deg C, but using within an operating range 5 C to 35 C will extend service life. Below – 15 deg C, the battery changes its chemical composition and cannot hold a charge. You will enjoy longer service life, if batteries are operated in ambient temperature range of 20 deg C to 25 deg C (68F to 77F). At lower temperature they have longer life and lower capacity while at higher temperature they have higher capacity and lower life.
2. A good rule of thumb when determining battery service life in relation to temperature is that for every 8.3 deg C (15F) average annual temperature above 25 deg C (77F), the life of the battery is reduced by 50%. Therefore warranty of the battery should be ideally reduced to 50% for every 8.3 deg C (15F) increase in operating temperature above 25 deg C (77F).
3. SMF batteries are designed to have a float voltage of 2.3 V/cell. This means that a 12 V battery (with 6 internal cells) has a float voltage of 13.8 Volts. Most of the battery manufacturers recommend float voltage of 2.25 – 2.3 volts per cell. When there are more cells (generally >120) in series, to compensate for higher temperatures, float voltage should be decreased by approx. 3 mV per cell per deg C above 25 deg C. It should be increased by the same amount when operated at a temperature less than 25 deg C to avoid undercharge. The Cutoff voltage is 1.67 V/cell for high rate of discharge (
4. It is recommended that SMF batteries should not be left in totally discharged state more than 72 hrs. The batteries may get partially or fully damaged due to SULPHATION if charging does not start within 72 Hrs from totally discharged state. Sulphation is the formation of lead sulphate on negative plates which acts as an insulator and has a detrimental effect on charge acceptance.
5. In normal float / equalize use (2.25 to 2.35V/cell), gas generated inside battery is recombined into negative plates, and return to water content of the electrolyte. Thus electrical capacity is not lost because of this recombination. There is no need to add external water, but due the corrosion of the electrodes battery will eventually lose capacity.
6. At ambient temperature of 30 – 40 deg C, the shelf life of batteries is 5-6 months only. A freshening charge must be given to the batteries every 6 months, if needed to be stored for longer periods. Batteries should be kept in dry, cool place. At ambient temperature of 20 deg C (68F), the self-discharge rate is 3-4% (approx.) of rated capacity per month. The self-discharge rate varies with ambient temperature.
7. SMF batteries are equipped with a safe, low pressure venting system, which operates at 7 psi to 10 psi (can vary slightly from manufacturer to manufacturer), automatically releasing excess gas in the event that gas pressure rises to a level above the normal rate ensuring no excessive buildup of gas in the batteries. Resealing is automatic once the pressure is returned to normal.
8. Cyclic life of the battery depends on ambient operating temperature, the discharge rate, the depth of discharge, and the manner in which the battery is recharged. The most important factor is the depth of discharge. At a given discharge rate and time, the shallower the depth of discharge, the longer is the cyclic life.
9. Failure mode at the end of life includes:
- Capacity decrease
- Internal short circuit
- Damage to container/lid
- Terminal corrosion
- Reduced open circuit voltage.
10. The IEEE defines “B” (Bend of useful life) for a UPS battery as being the point when it can no longer supply 80 percent of its rated capacity in ampere-hours (AH). The relationship between AH capacity and runtime time is not linear, a 20% reduction in capacity results in a much greater reduction in runtime. When battery reaches 80% of its rated capacity, the aging process accelerates and the battery should be replaced. Some UPS/ Battery manufacturers define “B” (Bend of useful life) for a UPS battery when battery capacity reaches 50-60% of its rated capacity.
11. Mixed use of batteries with different capacities, different makes should be avoided as it will cause accelerated aging of the whole string.
12. If two or more battery groups are to be used, connected in parallel, they must be connected to the UPS through lengths of wires, cables or busbars that have the same loop line resistance as each other. This makes sure that each parallel bank of batteries presents the same impedance to the UPS as any other of the parallel banks thereby ensuring correct equalization of the source to allow for maximum energy transfer to the UPS load.
13. The normal life SMF battery will support approx. 200 charge/discharge cycles at 25 deg C (77F) and 100% depth of discharge.
14. The term “B” (Bend of useful life) for a UPS battery refers to the fact that these batteries do not require fluid. But preventive maintenance like checking for cracks and deformation of the container & lid, electrolyte leakage/spills tightening of the connection etc, particularly for higher AH capacity batteries should be done to prevent any damage.
Nickel Cadmium Batteries (Ni-Cd)
Ni-cd batteries do emit hydrogen and oxygen gas, products of electrolysis, but there are no corrosive gases as lead acid batteries, so these can be installed near electronic equipment. Water consumption is relatively low and so therefore maintenance is low. Normal service life is 20-25 years. These are most expensive of the various types of batteries previously discussed. Initial cost may be approximately three times that of lead acid battery depending upon their AH capacity.
These batteries do not experience the severe shortening of life when operated at elevated temperatures and perform better at low temperatures than do the lead acid batteries. Nominal cell voltage is 1.2 V/cell. The battery chargers and inverters have to be designed to operate with low end cell cutoff voltages and higher recharging voltages needed for such batteries.
These batteries occasionally demand boost charging and typically find their applications wherein UPSs support critical equipment in hazardous environment such as chemical, fertilizer, cement industry.
As spelled earlier, all the above discussed types of batteries have their own merits and demerits. Let us now look at them individually.
A) Vented / flooded Lead acid batteries
- Most economical among three types of batteries.
- Life is higher than SMF batteries.
- Robust- not much sensitive to temperature.
- Needs periodic maintenance- twice a month.
- Emits corrosive fumes.
- Needs special battery room with acid proof tilling.
- Cannot be transported in charged condition, initial charging takes 55 to 90 hours.
- Needs specially trained persons for handling due highly hazardous sulphuric acid.
B) Sealed maintenance free batteries / Valve Regulated Lead Acid
- No maintenance as far as water filling, specific gravity check etc is concerned.
- Can be shipped in charged conditions so ready to use.
- User friendly.
- Leaving batteries in discharged state for longer life will reduce life significantly or can damage them permanently.
- Very sensitive to temperature
- Service life lowest among the three types
- Costlier than flooded / vented lead acid battery
C) Nickel Cadmium (Ni-cd) batteries
- Moderate maintenance
- Higher service life
- less sensitive to temperature
- Fumes not corrosive so can be installed near electronic equipment
- Most expensive among three types
- Cannot be transported in charged conditions.
- Compatibility with respect to charger and inverter needed to be considered.
Summary of Techno-Commercial Analysis between Ni-Cd & Lead acid Batteries
|1||Reliability Criteria||Worst case failure is cell short circuit. Result is reduced performance. The battery will continue to support the system.||Worst case failure is cell open circuit. Result is complete loss of battery, known as ‘sudden death’, resulting in an unpredicted system failure.||This point makes NiCd to be superior in terms of purpose|
|2||Requirement of Air-Conditioning & additional cost of Electrical Energy||Nil||Yes||Additional Cost due to Air conditioning equipment and running cost-For VRLA|
|3||Battery Life as claimed by UK manufacturers (Industrial Batteries)||20 Years||5-7 Years||Replacing cost of VRLA after every 5-7 years will involve manufacturing cost escalation during that year. Eg.at 6th year, 12th year and 18th year.|
|4||Battery Cost||Approximately 3 times than VRLA||–||–|
|5||Relative Costs Initial & Life Cycle||Ni-Cd cells have a higher initial cost than lead acid but superior lifetime and characteristics, giving a lower life cycle cost in many applications.||Lead Acid has a low initial cost but a restricted lifetime. In many applications they can have a poor life cycle cost.||–|
|6||Physical Size||Ni-Cd cells are generally larger than VRLA cells.||In terms of Ah, Lead acid (VRLA) is the most compact battery.|
|7||Water Topping||Occasionally Required||Not Required|
Summary of Comparison between tubular flooded (ordinary Lead-acid) battery with SMF Lead Acid Battery
|No.||Tubular Lead Acid battery||VRLA Battery|
|1||Tubular positive Plates:|
The positive active material is held in a polyester tube. This does not allow the materials to shed during charge-discharge cycling resulting in long cyclic life- minimum 1200 cycles at 80 % depth of discharge.
|Flat pasted positive plates:|
The positive active material is a paste form pasted over a lead alloy grid. This results in a shorter cyclic life compared to tubular construction.- minimum 500 cycles at 80% depth of discharge
|2||Electrolyte: Stationary batteries of UPS and Power plant back up works on low specific gravity (1.200) electrolyte and larger in volume. This results in less corrosion of grids and longer life. The larger volume keeps the battery comparatively cooler which also adds to life.||Electrolyte: VRLA batteries work on high specific gravity electrolyte (1.280 to 1.300) and less volume. The cells get heated up during charging and high rate discharges which affects the service life.|
|3||Separators: Micro porous poly ethylene separators are used. This permits the ion movement and positive to negative plate separation.||Separators: Adsorptive glass mat separators are used in these batteries with a closer spacing between the positive and negative plates. Chances of cell shorting are therefore more.|
|4||Charging compatibility: Tubular stationary lead acid batteries can be charged with constant current and constant voltage mode. Flooded electrolyte batteries can withstand more abuses during charging. Water lost in electrolyte during such abusive overcharging could be easily made up manually by periodic top-up. Lagging cells could be brought to normal life by an extended equalizing charging without significantly affecting the other cells.||Charging compatibility: VRLA batteries require constant voltage charging with a specified limit only specifically to avoid overcharging. If by any chance, the charging conditions are altered, the battery will get heated up which will deteriorate the battery life. Though there is no need to top-up due to the recombination principle, it is not always 100% efficient, so some water loss during use is not avoidable. This results in a further increase in electrolyte specific gravity and life reduction. Equalizing (Extended) charging in VRLA batteries results in some cells getting heated up and life reduction.|
|5||Containers: We use transparent SAN containers. The electrolyte level is easily seen for topping up needs and ease of maintenance. Low maintenance.||Not applicable: Cannot monitor Electrolyte|
|6||Need for temperature control: Due to the large electrolyte volume the temperature of the cells generally do not rise abnormally during charging. No need for Air conditioning.||Need for temperature control: The close packing arrangement and compactness of the stack in the cell assembly rises the temperature sharply during charging. Due to this, VRLA battery manufacturers invariably recommend the need for air conditioned environment for the battery compartments. This adds to the cost of maintenance.| | <urn:uuid:c99272d2-b2ea-40e7-9d12-477ba85e13c0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/different-types-of-battery-used-for-auxiliary-power-supply-in-substations-and-power-plants | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00233-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.915192 | 3,209 | 2.9375 | 3 |
The Roman Empire is a textbook example of how human depravity and weakness will eventually dissolve even the greatest achievements. The civilization that gave us aqueducts, government-funded roads, and republicanism also gave us government welfare, state-subsidied religious persecution, and widespread classism.
Weighing the virtues of a culture against its sins is seldom profitable, however. All nations are composed of men and women, human beings, all with a sin nature and all prone to transgress God's Law. Society is always a mixed bag, and to try to say "This was an evil empire" or "Here was a godly people" is largely fruitless. Man is man, and his story has remained fairly static throughout the ages.
It is said the brothers Romulus and Remus built the city of Rome on its seven hills and populated it with ex-slaves and criminals. As far as historical narratives help us this is the true story, though it's pretty far-fetched: the brothers were raised, it is also said, by a she-wolf. Historians have determined many things about the story, including that it's not true (from the archaeological evidence) and that Romulus was derived from the word Rome, rather than the other way around.
We do know that what became the Roman Empire began as a monarchy, and that its values and morality in many ways reflected those associated today with a Judeo-Christian ethic. It wasn't long before the kingdom became a republic, a move which brought more equality between high and low classes, and limited the power held by the collective rulers (while increasing that of the electors).
The Republic was finalized around 509 BC, when the last king was deposed. When it technically ended and when it practically ended are rather disparate dates; it was kept alive by the emperors for about two centuries after the accession of Julius Caesar (100-44 BC), but under his auspices the Republic effectively broke apart, leaving his successor, Augustus Caesar, to rule absolutely.
Gaius Julius Caesar inaugurated a program of Roman conquest that subsequent rulers accepted almost as a religious obligation. The Roman Empire in its heyday stretched from Britain in the West, throughout Western and Southern Europe, across the breadth of Northern Africa, and deep into Asia Minor in the East. The whole thing was marked by efficiency and unification, an amazing feat in any age.
Roman culture was fairly advanced, but most of it was borrowed from the Greeks. If the Romans could be said to have any genuinely unique contributions, it would be primarily in the realms of science and warfare—civic inventions like the aqueduct (to transport water) and the Roman road (to facilitate travel), and military inventions like the trebuchet (a form of catapult), contributed to their success in conquest and imperial unity.
That's not to say they were a bunch of backwater schlubs with no taste for high culture. Roman literature, sculpture, architecture, rhetoric and oratory, theater, and philosophy were among the greatest the world has seen, but they were still largely borrowed from the Greeks, both in form and in content. It was this propensity for borrowing which Edward Gibbon identified as the beginning of the end of Rome as a great empire.
In his monumental work, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (published between 1776 and 1788), Gibbon says the beginning of the end came during the rule of Constantine. There were no artisans competent enough to adorn a victory arch (commonly erected after a military success), so the Emperor was forced to rob existing arches of their ornament in order to beautify the new one.
A death of artists wasn't the only problem, though. The third emperor (Augustus being the first) was an evil and highly deranged individual named Caligula who used the Emperorship to satisfy his own perverse appetites. Several of the Emperors following him were also insane and vile (Nero among them), and their ineffectual or outright bad rule led to nothing but problems.
One of those was a continual moral degradation affecting both the nobles and senators, and the populace at large. The Colloseum became the central entertainment hub, featuring all manner of grisly attractions from gladiator battles to Christian executions to chariot races, all of them including massive amounts of bloodshed. Sexual mores were relaxed and eventually dispelled altogether, the masses were given free bread in exchange for unquestioning subservience, and abuses of power became expected rather than exceptions.
Under the rule of some of the more conscientious Emperors (the philosopher-warrior-king Marcus Aurelius comes immediately to mind), Rome made something of a recovery before the end, but when the German barbarians finally destroyed the capital city in AD 410, the centuries of decay, internal warfare, and overextension took their toll.
Today, it's generally accepted that the Roman Empire, together with the Greek civilization, was the foundation on which all subsequent Western culture was built. The Latin language dominated literature and academic writing for a millennium and a half, and even today the English grammar is based largely on that of the Romans. Roman political science is almost ubiquitous in the West, as are Roman theories of law and religion.
Yet, if we're going to claim Latin heritage, we must also accept that we've inherited the evils of the Empire as well. And indeed, there is little difference (in many ways) between the corruption and carnage of ancient Rome and the moral degradation of our modern society. Looking down the corridor of Time, all we can do is thank God He hasn't destroyed everyone, and pray that mankind will turn to Him for guidance and rule.
Review by C. Hollis Crossman
C. Hollis Crossman used to be a child. Now he is a husband and father, teaches adult Sunday school in his Presbyterian congregation, and likes weird stuff. He might be a mythical creature, but he's definitely not a centaur.Read more of his reviews here.
Did you find this review helpful? | <urn:uuid:2ebe649b-047f-490c-9c92-34bdc2ad2364> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.exodusbooks.com/ancient-rome/5299/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00493-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979699 | 1,244 | 3.234375 | 3 |
In Leading at a Higher Level, Ken Blanchard details predictable reasons why change efforts typically fail.
Evaluate this list (below) and identify the five that you feel are most common.
Then come up with two ways we as leaders can prepare for or combat these challenges.
Blanchard’s reasons why change efforts typically fail:
People leading the change think that announcing the change is the same as implementing it.
Peoples concerns with change are not surfaced or addressed.
Those being asked to change are not involved in planning the change.
There is no compelling reason to change. The business case is not communicated.
A compelling vision that excites people about the future has not been developed and communicated.
The change leadership team does not include early adopters, resisters, or informal leaders.
The change is not piloted, so the organization does not learn what is needed to support the change.
Organizational systems and other initiatives are not aligned with the change.
Leaders lose focus or fail to prioritize, causing death by 1,000 initiatives.
People are not enabled or encouraged to build new skills.
Those leading the change are not credible. They under communicate, give mixed messages, and do not model the behaviors the change requires.
Progress is not measured, and/or no one recognizes the changes that people have worked hard to make.
People are not held accountable for implementing the change.
People leading the change fail to respect the power of the culture to kill the change.
Possibilities and options are not explored before a specific change is selected.
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Advice on healthy eating seems to change so fast that it’s hard to keep up. But there’s no need to blow your budget on superfoods or swap your Sunday roast for a salad.
Here we address some of the most common food myths and ask the experts what we really should be eating...
What's the myth? Low-fat foods are best for us
The reality: Although a diet that is low in fat can help you to control your weight and lower your cholesterol, there’s no need to avoid fat altogether.
The expert opinion: 'We do need some fat in our diets,' explains Eleanor Donaldson from the British Dietetic Association. 'For example, omega fats are great for circulation and can reduce the risk of heart disease.'
Why not try...? Oily fish such as salmon, mackerel, pilchards and sardines are good sources of omega fats. Use olive or sunflower oil for cooking, and if you are trying to reduce the amount of fat you eat, there are a number of different options:
- Trim visible fat from meat
- Choose lower-fat versions of traditional foods
- Buy or try making your own oven chips instead of fried
- Save cakes, biscuits, pies and pastries for an occasional treat
Fruit and veg
What's the myth? Fruit and vegetables should be eaten fresh
The reality: Unless you’re feeding a family, it can be hard to get through a variety of fresh fruit and vegetables before they go off. Buying tinned or frozen means that you only use what you need, so there’s less waste.
The expert opinion: Eleanor Donaldson says: 'Freezing preserves the food’s vitamin and mineral content, is a great way to get your recommended 5-a-day and there is no wastage from peel, seeds and stalks.'
Why not try...? Why not eat frozen vegetables with your meal, add them to soups and stews, stir tinned sweetcorn into a salad, or enjoy frozen berries with yoghurt, ice cream or custard.
What's the myth? A cooked breakfast is bad for you
The reality: Breakfast is an important meal and a cooked breakfast can be a healthy way to set yourself up for the day.
The expert opinion: Eleanor Donaldson says: 'Eggs are a brilliant source of lean protein, tomatoes are packed with antioxidants and grilled lean bacon is a tasty addition. But have a think about how you cook the foods and instead of a "fry up" have a "grill up".'
Why not try...? Give the frying pan a rest and opt for poached eggs or baked beans on wholemeal toast.
What's the myth? Red meat will kill you
The reality: Recent research has linked red meat to an increased risk of dying from heart disease and cancer. However, red meat is good for you, as it’s an excellent source of protein, vitamin B12, zinc and iron. That’s why the Department of Health advice says it’s safe to consume up to 500g per week.
The expert opinion: Victoria Taylor, Senior Heart Health Dietician at the British Heart Foundation, says: 'Red meat can still be eaten as part of a balanced diet, but go for the leaner cuts and use healthier cooking methods such as grilling.'
Why not try...? Try not to overdo any one type of food and vary the protein part of your meal. Instead of beef, lamb or pork-based meals, why not give chicken, beans or lentils a go?
What's the myth? Snacking is bad for you
The reality: There’s nothing wrong with snacking in between meals - provided that you don’t rely on chocolate, crisps, cakes and biscuits to keep you going.
The expert opinion: Eleanor Donaldson says: 'Sometimes our appetite changes as we get older, and we don’t always fancy eating big meals. This is where snacks can be helpful. Eating regularly helps our body maintain a constant source of energy, so it’s fine to eat every 3-4 hours throughout the day.'
Why not try...? Starchy foods make good, healthy snacks. A bowl of cereal with semi-skimmed milk or toast with a healthy topping are great choices. You could also try a small lump of cheese with crackers or fresh fruit.
What's the myth? It’s important to eat superfoods
The reality: We often hear that foods like blueberries, broccoli or spinach are ‘superfoods’ which are packed with nutrients and beneficial to health. But there’s no evidence to show that they are any better for you than other fruit and veg.
The expert opinion: Eleanor Donaldson says: 'There’s no legal definition for this rather unscientific marketing term, which is used to refer to foods with high levels of nutrients. These foods are no more "super" than good old potatoes, tomatoes or apples.'
Why not try...? Provided that you eat a ‘rainbow’ of fruit and vegetables, you’ll get all the nutrients you need without spending a fortune on superfoods.
Written by Ceri Roberts | <urn:uuid:11a45115-4f51-44b4-b3d5-efbf0b2d30fc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ageuk.org.uk/health-wellbeing/healthy-eating-landing/healthy-eating-fact-vs-fiction/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00245-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939362 | 1,098 | 2.875 | 3 |
Did you know?
A new legal framework that redefines a customer’s duty of disclosure for every business insurance policy comes into effect on 12th August 2016.
The act modernises Insurance law with the aim of making recovery from Insurers simpler and fairer where claims arise. The duty of disclosure now requires fair presentation of risk.
The act also changes the application of warranties and how certain other terms operate.
Why does this matter?
Until now, the law has been based on the Marine Insurance Act 1906, which states “the proposer of the insurer has a duty to disclose all material facts relevant to the acceptance and rating of the risk. Failure to do so is known as non-disclosure or concealment and renders the insurance voidable by the insurer”
The new act requires “clear and accessible” presentation of risk information and places an obligation on the customer to make reasonable enquiries within the business. This should include knowledge of senior management and those involved with the purchase of Insurance. Any unusual activities or known areas of concern must be highlighted.
Where a “fair presentation” has not been made, insurers now have more options available to them than policy avoidance. The response will vary depending on whether the failure was deliberate and/or reckless. Where the breach was not deliberate or reckless, a proportionate remedy will apply.
What should I do?
- Establish a clear understanding of the risks to be Insured
- Define management involved with the purchase of Insurance and record the information gathering process
- Start the process early to ensure clear presentation of information and checks
- Your Broker should work closely with you and gain a full understanding of the risks to be Insured and assist you in providing a “fair presentation of risk” to the Insurer
This is intended to be a brief summary of the Insurance Act 2015, and should not be considered as advice in any specific situation. For further information, please contact Kidd Insurance Services. | <urn:uuid:1db6a06e-16ad-4881-9f3e-43145070ee30> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kiddinsurance.co.uk/insurance-act-2015/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.933849 | 412 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Understanding Learning Disability and Dementia covers all the essential issues in supporting a person with a learning disability when they develop dementia. Like the population at large, people with learning disabilities are living longer, and therefore an increasing number are developing dementia. Service providers, planners, doctors, social workers, carers and direct support staff need to be equipped with relevant knowledge prior to the onset of dementia, so that they can devise appropriate therapeutic interventions and coping strategies, including health and medication management and palliative care. This book will provide essential knowledge for anyone involved in the provision of services, assessment of need and direct care and support for dementia sufferers who also have a learning disability.(2000) found that there were high levels of prescription for neuroleptic drugs for people with dementia. ... Network (SIGN) 1986) and that the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE 2006) and SIGN guidelines are adhered to.
|Title||:||Understanding Learning Disability and Dementia|
|Publisher||:||Jessica Kingsley Publishers - 2007-09-15| | <urn:uuid:bb72f236-b824-4604-be60-4c58eac50e37> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.emra-net.eu/download-pdf-understanding-learning-disability-and-dementia-book-by-jessica-kingsley-publishers.pdf | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719273.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00066-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.903144 | 216 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Snutch, Terry P. and Leonard, John P. and Gilbert, Mary M. and Lester, Henry A. and Davidson, Norman (1990) Rat brain expresses a heterogeneous family of calcium channels. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 87 (9). pp. 3391-3395. ISSN 0027-8424. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:SNUpnas90
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We describe the isolation and characterization of several rat brain cDNAs that are homologous to the 1 subunit of heart and skeletal muscle dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca channels. Northern blot analysis of 32 cDNAs shows that they can be grouped into four distinct classes (A, B, C, and D), each corresponding to a distinct hybridization pattern of brain mRNAs. Southern blot and DNA sequencing suggest that each class of cDNA represents a distinct gene or gene family. In the regions sequenced, the rat brain class C and D gene products share 75% amino acid identity with the rabbit skeletal muscle Ca channel. In addition, the class C polypeptide is almost identical to the rabbit cardiac Ca channel (97% identity). In contrast, the rat brain class A and B cDNAs are more distantly related to dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca channels (47-64% amino acid identity) and to the brain class C and D genes (51-55% amino acid identity). To examine the functional significance of the isolated brain cDNAs, hybrid depletion experiments were performed in Xenopus oocytes. Antisense oligonucleotides against class A and B cDNAs each partially inhibited, and a class C oligonucleotide almost fully inhibited, the expression of Ba current in rat brain mRNA injected oocytes; but none of the oligonucleotides affected the expression of voltage-gated Na or K conductances. The clone characterization and sequencing results demonstrate that a number of distinct, yet related, voltage-gated Ca-channel genes are expressed in the brain. The antisense oligonucleotide experiments specifically show that one or several of the Ca-channel classes are related to the Ca channels observed in rat brain mRNA injected oocytes.
|Additional Information:||© 1990 by the National Academy of Sciences. Contributed by Norman Davidson, February 21, 1990. We are grateful to Steve Dubel for technical assistance and to Ellis et al. (11) for providing the rabbit Ca-channel probe. We also thank Mike White for the suggestion of using niflumic acid to block the oocyte C1 current. This work was supported by grants from the Medical Research Council of Canada (T.P.S.) and National Institutes of Health Grants NS-26432 (J.P.L.), GM-10991 (N.D.), and GM-29836 (H.A.L.). During the earlier phases of this work, T.P.S. was supported by an American Heart Association Fellowship, Greater Los Angeles Affiliate, at the California Institute of Technology. The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact.|
|Subject Keywords:||cDNA cloning; hybrid arrest; dihydropyridine receptor|
|Usage Policy:||No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.|
|Deposited By:||Tony Diaz|
|Deposited On:||13 Sep 2007|
|Last Modified:||20 Sep 2016 20:58|
Repository Staff Only: item control page | <urn:uuid:1e34e162-cb0b-4c2f-b85a-aa10c16e0bc3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://authors.library.caltech.edu/8754/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00188-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.865471 | 809 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Shortly after the mortgage crash in 2008, popular low- and no-down payment mortgage options vanished from most of the market. The Federal Housing Administration was left to take on the homebuyers who couldn’t afford to put down a lot of money, many of whom were lower income or buying a home for the first time.
To protect themselves from further disaster, banks went back to the more traditional route of requiring most buyers to put 20 percent down on a home, a requirement that put a mortgage out of reach for many Americans.
But with home prices and mortgage interest rates on the rise, banks are beginning to offer some low-down payment programs again. While you’re unlikely to find a 100 percent financing option today, you can find a mortgage for 3-5 percent down in many different ways. Here are several options we found:
These loan options are run through government agencies – the Federal Housing Administration, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Department of Veterans Affairs, respectively. There are important differences among them, but they all serve a similar purpose: getting individuals into homes with little or no down payments.
FHA loans require 3-5 percent down, but part or all of the money can come from gifts. The benefit of the FHA loan – and the USDA and VA loans, which are more restricted – is that someone with a bad credit history or little credit history can apply.
This may not be the case with more conventional loans available through banks that have lower down payment requirements.
Most states and major cities have multiple non-profit organizations focused on affordable housing. Some of these organizations focus on building/renovating affordable housing, or on preparing consumers financially to buy a home. Many offer specialized lending programs, often with a low-down payment.
Most of the time, non-profit mortgage lenders will have strict income limitations, but they can make the mortgage process less harrowing by walking with you through every step. It’s worth looking online to see if a non-profit lender in your area may offer a product that suits your needs.
Local Banks and Credit Unions
Here in Indianapolis, the locally owned Salin Bank runs a low-down payment mortgage program. This program is directed toward lower-income families and individuals, and you have to be under its strict income limits to qualify for the loan.
Other locally owned banks and credit unions may offer similar mortgage programs, which may include income restrictions. This is a good place to begin if you’re struggling to come up with a down payment.
Plus, the more personalized service at smaller banks and credit unions may mean that the loan officer will work with you if your credit history is less than perfect.
While FHA, USDA and VA loans are backed by the federal government, many state governments offer their own low-income or low-down payment loans.
For instance, Massachusetts’s MassHousing loan program offers affordable mortgages to local homebuyers, even those who aren’t buying their first home. As with many similar programs backed by states, income limits do apply. However, because many areas of Massachusetts boast a high median income, the limits may be higher than you think.
If you’re in the market for a mortgage, inquire if your state has a similar program. Many do, though they can be administered in very different ways. These programs are always worth a look.
Large, National Banks and Mortgage Lenders
Small banks and credit unions certainly aren’t the only ones jumping back onto the low-down payment bandwagon. Major lenders like TD Bank, Bank of America and Wells Fargo are all jumping on board with the new wave of low-down payment mortgage options, according to this CNN Money article.
Here are the details from some of the low-down payment mortgages we’ve rounded up from around the Web:
BB&T First-Time Home Buyer and Low-Down Payment Mortgages
Like many banks with low-down payment mortgage options, BB&T specifically targets first-time homebuyers. Its Affordable Housing loan is for first-time homebuyers and those with limited employment and credit history.
Besides offering a low-down payment, which can be funded at least partially with gifts and grants, this loan allows for a non-occupying co-borrower. While you certainly need to understand all the pros and cons of having a co-signer on your loan, this can be a good way to get into a home when you have very limited credit history.
PNC Affordable Lending Solutions
The PNC Affordable Lending Solutions program offers a small down payment option, provided the buyer pays private mortgage insurance. Another type of mortgage, the PNC Community Mortgage, allows buyers to qualify on non-traditional credit, put down a small amount of money and skip the PMI payments.
PNC’s Affordable Lending options also include access to homeownership grants, specialized programs for public servants, bond programs and other down payment assistance grants.
TD Bank’s Right Step Program
TD Bank’s Right Step program works with borrowers at or under 80 percent of the area median income for their particular area. This means that there are strict income limitations for this type of loan. But if you’re within those limitations, this can be a good option.
The Right Step program requires 5 percent down and 2 percent of the home’s value can come from a gift or grant. That means you only have to put 3 percent down out of your own resources. The Right Step program was set up as an alternative to an FHA mortgage and says it features simpler underwriting and a streamlined mortgage process.
Wells Fargo HomePath Mortgage
The Wells Fargo HomePath program offers down payments of as little as 3 percent and doesn’t require private mortgage insurance. In some cases, the program may offer interest-only payments.
Unlike many low-down payment programs, this one can be used for investment properties and secondary residences. In this case, you’ll need to put 10 percent down. That’s still a very low payment for a non-owner-occupied home. The program offers adjustable-rate mortgage options and doesn’t require an appraisal, which can mean a more streamlined borrowing and buying process.
One thing: The HomePath program requires that you shop for your home on the HomePath.com website.
Putting Little Money Down
Your home is probably the biggest purchase you’ll ever make, so it’s important that you thoroughly understand all the pros and cons of a low-down payment mortgage before going this route.
For one thing, many of the above programs, including federally-backed mortgages like the FHA, require the borrower to pay private mortgage insurance. Whether you pay PMI for a few years, until you have 20 percent equity in your home, or for the life of the loan, as is now required with FHA mortgages, the costs can add up.
On average, private mortgage insurance premiums run $30-$70 per month for every $100,000 that you borrow. So if you borrow $200,000, you’re looking at $60-$140 per month added to your mortgage payment. Over several years, that’s a lot of money.
Also, the less you put down on your mortgage, the higher your interest is likely to be, and the higher your payments will be.
Sometimes, however, saving a 20 percent down payment is next to impossible, especially if you have to pay rent while you’re saving your extra cash. In this case, applying for a low-down payment mortgage can get you into a home more quickly. Then you can focus on building equity so that you can put more money down on the next home you buy.
Finally, you can check out today’s home loan rates here. | <urn:uuid:739639aa-57dc-4629-a6f4-28216e4afaa2> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.doughroller.net/mortgages/low-payment-mortgages-back/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721555.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00178-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95441 | 1,627 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Expert says blame climate change, not IJC, for high lake levels
An Ontario climate expert is joining those who say climate change is one of the main reasons behind record water levels in the Great Lakes. The opinion runs contrary to those which have placed the blame on the work of an international commission.
The Great Lakes holds about 20% of the world’s fresh water. Over the past couple of years water levels in the lakes have been higher than ever.
Once again spring flooding along the northern shores of Lake Ontario, as well as Toronto islands, has been a big problem. Recent government statistics also say water levels, especially in July, for the Great Lakes were at record highs.
Professor Blair Feltmate, the head of the Intact Centre on Climate Adatpation at the University of Waterloo, west of Toronto, says there are two main reasons affecting those levels.
“Number one is climate change-induced. We’re getting more water coming down over shorter periods of time, more frequently so putting more water into the entire catchment basin. And number two, in and around the area of the Great Lakes, for example in the area of southern Ontario, we’ve removed, over the period the last 100 years, about 72 -73% of the natural infrastructure that was originally here—forests, fields, wetlands, laces that give water a place to go. Now, when the big storms hit, the water goes very quickly into the Great Lakes, causing flooding," Feltmate said.
Feltmate disagrees with the International Joint Commission’s suggestion that increases in water levels are due to heavy rain and a big spring melt. He also says the extremes in weather will become even more extreme, with more flooding.
He describes it as an evolving normal. He also insists that climate change is here to stay. Feltmate says it may be up to local and regional governments to move more quickly to deal with flooding, than national governments. | <urn:uuid:26932dc4-3737-4492-a40b-bac65f90b9cf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wbfo.org/environment/2019-08-12/expert-says-blame-climate-change-not-ijc-for-high-lake-levels | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.959554 | 407 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Pro Tools 101 for MAC – Tutorial for Pro Tools 9. This app was created by ITUNES.APPLE Inc. and now updated into the last version. Download this Music & Audio app for free now on ForMacApps.com
Pro Tools 101 for MAC Latest Version
Pro Tools 101 for Mac: Free Download + Review [Latest Version]. Before you download the .dmg file, here we go some fact about Pro Tools 101 that maybe you want to need to know.
|App Name||Pro Tools 101 App|
About Pro Tools 101 App for MAC
Pro Tools 101 is an in-depth tutorial for Pro Tools 9.
With the release of Pro Tools 9, Pro Tools now gives you a full recording studio in a box whether your on your laptop, in standalone mode, or using an HD rig!
Pro Tools is the platinum standard for working with digital audio. Now its amazing “tools” are available to everyone because Pro Tools “9” is all about flexibility and portability. You can start a session on your laptop in standalone mode. You can move the same session to an HD studio for overdubs. Then bring that same session to your home studio and hook up your Apogee interface or any other Core Audio or ASIO interface for more production and mixing!
In this tutorial “Pro Tools 9 101: Core Pro Tools 9,” Scott Freiman leads you through all of the basics of working with Pro Tools – from recording and editing audio to using the MIDI and score editors.
And with Scott showing the way you will pick up scores of tips, tricks, and shortcuts while, at the same time, getting all the information you need to start immediately laying down professionally sounding tracks.
This tutorial will also show you how useful the Pro Tools MIDI editing features can be! You’ll learn valuable tricks for recording and editing MIDI to make original compositions without resorting to other applications like Sibelius (and if you do use Sibelius, be sure to check out our Sibelius 101: Core Sibelius tutorial).
But of course, it would not be Pro Tools if we didn’t cover recording and editing audio itself. Scott covers everything you need to know to make great music. From recording like a pro to mixing, from adding DSP effects to automating those effects so they evolve through time … this tutorial will help you get the most out of Pro Tools!
- Improved user experience.
Installing Apps on MAC
Most Mac OS applications downloaded from outside the App Store come inside a DMG file. Like if you wanna download Pro Tools 101 for mac from this page, you’ll directly get the .dmg installation file into your MAC.
- First, download the Pro Tools 101 .dmg installation file from the official link on above
- Double-click the DMG file to open it, and you’ll see a Finder window.
- Simply drag the application’s icon to your Applications folder
- And you’re done: the Pro Tools 101 is now installed.
- When you’re done installing: just click the “Eject” arrow.
- Then you can feel free to delete the original DMG file: you don’t need it anymore.
- Now, enjoy Pro Tools 101 for MAC !
Uninstall Apps on MAC
Removing Pro Tools 101 apps is more than just moving them to the Trash — it’s completely uninstalling them. To completely uninstall a program on MacBook/iMac, you have to choose one of the options on below.
Method 1: Remove apps using Launchpad
Another manual way to delete Pro Tools 101 apps from your Mac is using the Launchpad. Here’s how it works:
- Click Launchpad icon in your Mac’s Dock.
- Find the Pro Tools 101 that you want to delete.
- Click and hold the Pro Tools 101 icon’s until it starts shaking.
- Click X in the top-left corner of the app icon.
- Click Delete.
Method 2: Delete MAC apps with CleanMyMac X
Now it’s time for the safe and quick app uninstalling option. There’s a safest way to uninstall Pro Tools 101 on Mac without searching all over your Mac, and that’s by using CleanMyMac X.
- Launch CleanMyMac X and click on Uninstaller in the left menu.
- Click on Uninstall or choose Application Reset at the top.
- And you’re done to remove Pro Tools 101 from your MAC!
Pro Tools 101 Alternative App for MAC
Easy to use application for music creation and production.
Audio and MIDI multitrack recorder.
This Pro Tools 101 .dmg installation file is absolutely not hosted in our Server. Whenever you click the “Download” button on this web page, files will downloading directly in the owner sources Official Website. Pro Tools 101 is definitely an app for MAC that created by Inc. We’re not straight affiliated with them. All trademarks, registered trademarks, product names and business names or logos that mentioned in right here are the assets of their respective owners. We are DMCA-compliant and gladly to cooperation with you. | <urn:uuid:c01259b5-1935-412c-9eaa-532595818221> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.formacapps.com/pro-tools-101.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.845502 | 1,160 | 1.851563 | 2 |
August 3 – 28, 1998
Palais des Nations, Geneva
Franciscans International and the Dominicans wish to express their grave concern about the Government of Brazil’s non-compliance with international human rights treaties which it has already ratified, especially the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on the Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. In January 1995, Fernando Henrique Cardoso became the President of Brazil and swore that he would respect the Constitution of Brazil and all the treaties ratified by the State. Three-and-half years later, we recount that the government of Brazil has still not fully complied with these treaties.
In December 1997, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights of the Organization of American States published the “Report on the Human Rights Situation in Brazil.” The 1,667-page report pinpoints the State of Brazil as being responsible for the situation of human rights violations in the country. According to the report Brazil is held responsible for the violations because it does not offer the guarantees to its marginalized population which would eliminate the social, political and economic inequalities preventing them from gaining full participation in society. Our paper will provide examples of non-compliance with treaties and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights taken especially from the situation in the Brazilian countryside.
I. INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS
ARTICLE 6. Every human being has the inherent right to life. This right shall be protected by law. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life. The activity of the Brazilian State in what concerns the defense of life is a far cry from acceptable norms. During President Fernando Henrique Cardoso’s period alone, 132 rural workers who were involved in land disputes were assassinated. During this administration the worst massacres in Brazilian recent history have been recorded:
1995 – 9 August, in Corumbiara, Rondonia State, 11 persons were assassinated by the Military Police during an operation authorized by the Judge of the Colorado do Oeste County, Mr. Clodner Luiz Paalleto.
1996 – 17 April, in Eldorado dos Carajás, Pará State, 19 people were assassinated by the Military Police in one operation to open a highway (State Highway –PA135) obstructed by landless workers.
These facts simply illustrate the serious scenes of violence and impunity in the Brazilian countryside, which have been dragging along for some years. According to statistics of the Pastoral Land Commission (CPT) of the Catholic Church, in 1985 there were 7.843 social conflicts in the country, with 4.866 of these conflicts occurring because of land problems. In the period 1985 – 1997, CPT registered 1003 assassinations of rural workers, lawyers, technicians, union leaders and religious connected with the struggle for land. In the period from 1985 to 1996 there were documented 33 massacres with a total of 195 deaths. Since 1995, 140 rural workers have been assassinated in agrarian conflicts, and not one person responsible has been punished. In 1995, there were 41 deaths, in 1996 – 54, in 1997 – 30, and until May of 1998 – 15 more. Also, since 1995 violence continues against indigenous peoples with 46 Indians assassinated.
ARTICLE 8. No one shall be held in slavery; slavery and the slave trade in all their forms shall be prohibited / No one shall be held in servitude. The Report, “Conflicts in the Brazilian Countryside – 1995”, issued by the Pastoral Land Commission (CPT), indicates that in 1995 there were 21 cases of slave labor involving 26.047 persons. In 1996, the same annual report of the CPT indicated a decrease in the incidents of slave labor. Yet, 50 years after the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the existence of slave labor in the territory of Brazil still offends the conscience of humanity. According to the statistics of the CPT, in 1996 there were 19 cases of slavery involving 2.487 persons. ARTICLE 14. All persons shall be equal before the courts and tribunals. In the determination of any criminal charge against him, or of his rights and obligations in a suit at law, everyone shall be entitled to a fair and public hearing by a competent, independent and impartial tribunal established by law. On 10 June 1997 in Pedro Canario, Espírito Santo State, the rural worker and member of the Landless Movement (MST), José Rainha Junior, was condemned to a prison sentence of 26 years and six months for supposedly participating in an occupation of land. The conflict, which resulted in a criminal process against José Rainha Junior, occurred on 5 June 1989. Based on declarations obtained under torture, the inquest of the Military Police reached its conclusion and started a criminal process ending with the condemnation of José Rainha Junior on 10 June 1997. Brazilian legislation requires that in cases in which a penalty exceeds 20 years every accused person shall have the right to a new trial. After an intensive judicial battle, the lawyers for the defense succeeded in getting a transfer for the trial to the State Capital of Vitória. However, until the present moment, there is no definite decision about where the second trial will take place, since the decision will remain for the State of Espirito Santo to determine this transfer to the Capital City of Vitória. Amnesty International made a public statement in August 1997 concerning the imprisonment of members of the MST. In that statement, the organization affirmed that it would consider José Rainha Junior a prisoner of conscience in case a guilty verdict was maintained by the second trial under similar circumstances, or if the accuser did not present objective proofs in respect to the accusations in question. If José Rainha Junior is imprisoned, Amnesty International will insist on his immediate and unconditional release.
INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL
AND CULTURAL RIGHTS
ARTICLE 11. 1. The States Parties to the present Convenant recognize the right of everyone to an adequate standard of living for himself and his family, including adequate food, clothing and housing, and the continuous improvement of living conditions. The States Parties will take appropriate steps to ensure the realization of this right, recognizing to this effect the essential importance of international co-operation based on free consent.
2. The States Parties to the present Convenant, recognizing the fundamental right of everyone to be free from hunger, shall take, individually and through international co-operation, the measures, including specific programs, which are needed:
- To improve methods of production, conservation and distribution of food by making full use of technical and scientific knowledge of the principles of nutrition and by developing or reforming agrarian systems in such a way as to achieve the most efficient development and utilization of natural resources;
- Taking into account the problems of both food-importing and food-exporting countries, to ensure equitable distribution of world food supplies in relation to need.
Of the total population of Brazil, twenty percent (20%) of the highest income bracket received 32 times more than the lowest twenty percent (20%) during the period 1981-1993. In Brazil, it is estimated that twenty two percent (22%) of the population or 32 million people are starving. In the Brazilian Northeast, the drought that was predicted by many analysts did not receive the attention of the Brazilian Government, since it did not believe that the predicted proportions would be reached. For this reason, the government did not prepare for it. Estimates of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) have registered that, today, the drought has reached about 10 million persons. In some villages, each family has rights to only two buckets of water each month. Many families have been forced to eat palms (a type of cactus), one of the few foods that are left for cattle. The drought also affects a good part of the landless camps and settlements of the agrarian reform. In certain areas the entire crop has been lost. About 30 thousand families of settlers are connected to the Landless Movement. The situation of the landless workers in the camps is grave. The basic food allowance provided by the Federal Government to these families – which consists of a monthly allotment of foods indispensable to the human person, such as: beans, rice, wheat flour, salt, etc. – has been cut off by the Federal Government. Right now in Brazil, there are 57.301 families who live in 299 camps. Of these 250 thousand people, 150 thousand are under 14 years of age. We also add the fact that the Brazilian Government until now has not presented the United Nations its report on the situation of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Brazil, as is its obligation (Cf. Articles 17 and 18, ICESCR).
UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
ARTICLE 17. 1. Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.
According to the statistics of the Federal Government of Brazil (ATLAS FUNDUIÁRIO 1992), one percent (1%) of the Brazilian population retains forty-three percent (43%) of the agricultural lands. According to the FAO, Brazil is the second- worst country in the world with regard to the distribution of land, losing only to Paraguay. The index used by Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) – the index of GINI, which varies from 0,000 to 1,000 in order to determine the concentration of lands – indicates a concentration in the range of 0.8278. In 1997, statistics showed that 477.105 people were directly involved in land conflicts.
The Brazilian government has declared that, at the end of this four-year administration, 300 thousand landless families would be settled. In Brazil, there are 4 million families struggling for land. This means that, if the demand continues the same, it will take 53 years to settle all these families.
Franciscans International and the Dominicans support the work and petitions of the Landless Movement of Brazil and urge the Brazilian Government:
- to strengthen the implementation of the Brazilian National Program on Human Rights, giving priorities to the changes regarding impunity;
- to take effective measures to ensure that the Judiciary concludes, without delay, the numerous pending legal proceedings concerning the assassinations of rural workers and persons linked to them;
- to promote the immediate settlement of all landless rural workers and their families;
- to carry out an ample, massive and immediate agrarian reform;
- to maintain and support “grupo movel” of the Labor Fiscalization Secretary (SEFIT) on its work against slave labor, giving more resources and coordination – coordinating also the actions of the State’s “Delegacias Regionais do Trabalho;”
- to take effective measures to ensure that the Legislative Power approve the law on slave labor;
- to improve a protection system for witnesses;
- to defend the rights of the indigenous peoples;
- to implement the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights regarding landless workers and indigenous peoples. | <urn:uuid:e274eb91-8d9d-4392-aa48-63e4ef391125> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://un.op.org/resources/official-statements/brazilian-government-has-not-complied-with-international-treaties-on-human-rights/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.956319 | 2,273 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Identifying Urban Functional Zones Using Public Bicycle Rental Records and Point-of-Interest Data
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
Human mobility data have become an essential means to study travel behavior and trip purpose to identify urban functional zones, which portray land use at a finer granularity and offer insights for problems such as business site selection, urban design, and planning. However, very few works have leveraged public bicycle-sharing data, which provides a useful feature in depicting people's short-trip transportation within a city, in the studies of urban functions and structure. Because of its
... nience, bicycle usage tends to be close to point-of-interest (POI) features, the combination of which will no doubt enhance the understanding of the trip purpose for characterizing different functional zones. In our study, we propose a data-driven approach that uses station-based public bicycle rental records together with POI data in Hangzhou, China to identify urban functional zones. Topic modelling, unsupervised clustering, and visual analytics are employed to delineate the function matrix, aggregate functional zones, and present mixed land uses. Our result shows that business areas, industrial areas, and residential areas can be well detected, which validates the effectiveness of data generated from this new transportation mode. The word cloud of function labels reveals the mixed land use of different types of urban functions and improves the understanding of city structures. | <urn:uuid:4cc58585-ef59-45bb-a9c3-16cda3deeae4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scholar.archive.org/work/sio4zjjg6ndhdduxxeixgvprke | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.864468 | 327 | 1.859375 | 2 |
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Acquiring a mortgage through a reliable pal or good friend can be quite an incredible approach to finance a house purchase with no money likely to a middleman prior to signing further up correctly sort of considerable monetary commitment though it is vital to make sure that it truly is within your needs economically and emotionally. | <urn:uuid:86a04567-8342-4374-ba03-797abaf9b72a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ibcaportao.com.br/family-finance-and-think-about-a-monetary-present/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.959698 | 861 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Animal Rights Articles
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A Sermon Presentation by Marisa Miller
Submitted by Constance Young
From a very young age, children learn the sounds that animals make. "Baa baa" says the sheep. "Ruff Ruff," says the dog. "Bzz bzz," says the bee. As we get older and as we learn to distinguish the different sounds that animals make, we can decipher different meanings. My mother is convinced that her cat speaks Fenglish, a combination of feline and English. Her cat says, "nung" which sounds like "num-num," my mom's word for treat, which is very different than "gao" which sounds like "out" when she wants to go outside. But obviously animals don't just use words or sounds to convey meaning; they tell us many things through body language: wagging tails, laid-back ears, tummies up for a belly rub. And of course we communicate back to our animals the same way they do: a mix of vocalizations and body language.
I have a theory that you never really know a person until you've heard their animal voice - the voice they use to talk to animals. I think that the very unique voices we use to speak to them indicates just how special these animals are in our hearts and also how freeing it is to interact with a member of another species who isn't going to judge us the way human animals do - or if they do judge us, at least they mostly keep it to themselves. Maybe the next time I come here we can have an animal blessing, and you can hear everyone's animal voices. Wouldn't that be interesting?
When you really think about it, interspecies communication and friendship are really amazing. The fact that we can communicate with other species is so telling of our shared heritage and our interdependence. Humans share 74% of our DNA with dogs and 98% of our DNA with gorillas, which doesn't surprise me one bit when I read about Koko the gorilla. But sometimes our basic means of communication doesn't cut it. I'm sure you all have wondered as I have just what the animals in our lives would say if they could speak our language. I'm pretty sure I know what my girl cat would say. She'd tell me to get up at 5 a.m. every day to feed her.
But my suspicion is that animals are communicating with us in more subtle and complex ways all the time and we're just not sophisticated enough to pick up on them. It wasn't until Penny Patterson, Koko's teacher, bothered to teach Koko sign language that humans even knew how intelligent gorillas were. And it wasn't until Diane Fossey integrated herself into a gorilla community that we discovered the complicated and subtle ways of gorilla language and culture.
I think we have selective hearing when it comes to animals. We allow ourselves to hear some animals and not others. We listen to the ones within our circle of compassion but not to those outside our circle of compassion. And that line seems arbitrary - that is, it is determined by cultural factors not on the animals' ability to think, feel or suffer.
In India cows are revered, in Korea some people eat dogs, yet in the U.S. we welcome dogs into our homes but serve cows to our children.
Here in America, there are anti-cruelty laws to protect our companion animals, but did you know that abusing animals on farms is perfectly legal? Let me share with you some examples. Let's say one day you're outside cutting the grass. It's a beautiful, bright blue day. Just as you turn the lawnmower around you notice your neighbor entering his garden shed and you catch a glimpse of cages stacked on top of each other in the dark with 6 cats per cage, clawing at each other and meowing to get out. You can hear their cries, yet your neighbor does nothing. He hoses off the backs of the cages and then leaves, shutting the door behind him. How would you feel about that?
Let's say you see that same neighbor's dog in his back yard struggling to stand up on a broken leg. What does your neighbor do? Take him to the vet? No, he decides to pick up the dog and throw him in the garbage. Would you speak up then?
Let's say his hamster had cute fuzzy little babies. He picks each little one up to see what sex it is and then decides to throw the baby male hamsters alive into a trash compactor because they're male and he can't use them. That's what happens to 260 million baby male chicks every year just because they won't grow up to lay eggs. Does that seem cruel to you? All those things I just mentioned happen to millions of animals every day on factory farms.
The act of listening is an act of affirmation. When we listen to someone, we are saying, "you are worth being listened to." Not to listen to someone is saying the opposite. To allow someone to "give voice" to something is to give power in the sense of "speaking up" or "speaking out." But we take away any power and any worth that animals have when we remove them from earshot, when we lock them up cages in isolated rooms or isolated warehouses on farms that we aren't even allowed to enter because of trespass laws. I have heard the moans, groans, and blood-curdling screams of farmed animals being forced with electric prods to the kill floor, and they sound frighteningly human.
When I was writing this presentation, I at first hesitated to bring up the issue of so-called "food animals" in church because I was afraid of bringing up a topic that was too unpleasant, too touchy. But I believe that my reason behind sharing this, my desire to expand our circle of compassion to include farmed animals, is profoundly UU. If you add up all the animals that humans come into contact with in our daily lives - the companions in our homes, the animals in zoos, in circuses, in shelters, in labs, on farms, a startling 98% of them are farmed animals. Ten billion animals are confined in tiny, filthy, cramped spaces, and killed each year in this country. And to exclude ten billion sentient beings from the web of life for no justifiable reason makes no sense to me.
It was actually in a Unitarian-Universalist church that I awoke to animal suffering. I had no idea when I walked into a screening of the documentary called We Are All Noah sponsored by my church's chapter of UU's for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, that I would have a revelation that would change the course of my life forever. I have always considered myself a compassionate person and an animal lover.
Growing up I was that kid in the swimming pool who would save drowning insects or would bury every dead bird or squirrel who had been run over in the neighborhood. Yet when I asked my mom about killing animals for food, she told me that it was a sad thing but that the animals mostly led happy little lives until they died. I always accepted my participation in the system as a necessary evil, as a part of my particular heritage and culture. I'm a German-American from the Midwest, and to not eat animals would've been a huge break from my identity, my culture, and even my family, not to mention that I loved the taste of meat. My roommates in college and in New York were both vegetarian but they never really spoke to me about the ethical reasons for doing it. I just thought they were a different breed, a different species almost, until I saw the documentary after church that Sunday.
Tom Regan's 1986 award-winning film We Are All Noah features clergy from different faith traditions talking about our moral responsibilities to animals. I had never even thought of animal rights as a religious or spiritual issue before. The film showed footage of animals suffering and being killed on farms, in labs and in shelters. I was appalled by the efficiency of the system and the sheer disposability of animals' lives.
Then I realized that there I was, a person who tried to alleviate animal suffering when confronted with it individually in my daily life, yet for twenty-five years I had directly contributed to the suffering of thousands of animals because I preferred to eat their flesh. Suddenly it dawned on me that I didn't have to live with the contradiction if I didn't want to. I could choose to hear the cries of those who were suffering and then do something about it. It was a total Eureka moment for me. I wanted to stand up right there in the room and declare, "Oh my God, I'm a vegetarian!"
That was January 6th, 2002. In the next two months I read that egg-laying hens are crowded in wire cages with this much space (hold up paper) and no way to spread their wings. Even so-called "organic, free-range" hens often have their beaks cut off with a hot blade and are starved for up to two weeks to shock their bodies into another egg-laying cycle. I learned that veal calves are by-products of yes, even the organic dairy industry and that dairy cows are sent to slaughter after about four years anyway. By that spring, I could no longer in good conscience consume animal products. I went from a veal schnitzel-eater to a vegan animal activist in three months. Now, strangely, I'm the person at church who is trying to open minds and hearts and ears to animals.
Unitarian-Universalists have been on the frontlines to promote women's rights, civil rights, gay rights and children's rights. Why not extend our circle of compassion to include animals as well? Compassion is not a limited resource; it's a self-renewing one, and we can continue to do our important human rights work while protecting animals too. After all, we have a Seventh Principle that puts human animals in the web of life, not above it.
We are taught to think critically, to think for ourselves. We value justice, reason, love and compassion, so isn't it precisely our place to ask the hard questions? Do we really feel comfortable participating in systems that bring about so much needless suffering just because it's what humans have always done? Because it's convenient? Or because it gives us a moment of pleasure?
There are many injustices in the world that we have limited power to correct. We can write letters to legislators and other power holders, urging them to act with reason and compassion, and we should do that. But why don't we look at ourselves and see what power we have to act with reason and compassion in our daily lives? When it comes to animals, we have a lot of power. We have total power over the animals in our care, and of course we have our consumer power.
Some of you may be thinking, "Oh boy, I have so much on my plate already; I can't possibly add animal suffering too." Okay, don't become an animal activist then. Don't spend one minute of your time promoting animal causes or even give one dollar to animal charities. The best thing you can do is to withdraw your financial support of animal cruelty. If you just try to take the animal suffering off of your plate and substitute it with immune-boosting, cancer-fighting, artery-clearing whole grains, legumes, vegetables and fruits, then the whole world will benefit, especially you. You'll greatly reduce your risk of heart disease, cancer, and diabetes, and you'll have so much more energy. Your heart will open up to all of nature, and you'll be able to look any animal in the eye and say, "I would never hurt you."
The average American consumes 83 animals a year. When you go vegetarian, you spare 83 lives a year. Over twelve years that's almost a thousand animals. And guess what: you'll probably save more of the earth's precious resources by going veg in a year than recycling, car-pooling and not showering for that entire time. You'll definitely be in good company. You'll join the ranks of Unitarian Universalists Albert Einstein and Clara Barton, plus Alice Walker, Isaac Bashevis Singer, Leonardo Da Vinci and Mahatma Gandhi, who all affirmed life every day three times a day. Gandhi's philosophy of nonviolence appears in Unitarian-Univeralist services all over the world. My question is: do we just want to quote him or actually try to live like him?
Now, whether you leave this room today with a real interest in pursuing vegetarianism or not, I encourage you to do this: listen to the animals who you can't hear.
When you're shopping for shampoo, listen to the rabbits who are getting chemicals rubbed in their eyes and then consider buying a brand that says "not tested on animals."
When you're choosing a companion animal to bring into your home, listen to the animals on death row in the shelters and consider saving one.
When you're shopping for a winter coat, listen to the fox who would rather gnaw off his paw caught in a steel leghold trap than be turned into fur trim.
And finally, listen to the animals who speak to you every day. Listen to your dog when she would rather play than watch you read the paper. Listen to your cat when he would rather snuggle than watch you type. Listen to the birds celebrating spring when you walk out of this space today, and then feel the supreme joy that comes with communicating with all of creation.
With your ears listen to all the creatures of the earth.
With your eyes look into another's eyes and see the spark of divinity.
With your mind envision a world of peaceful coexistence.
With your mouth speak for those who cannot speak.
With your heart love those who have known no love.
With your arms embrace all living beings.
With your hands build a kinder tomorrow.
With your feet step softly and boldly along your sacred path.
Animal Rights Articles
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Jammu is the winter capital of the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. It is the headquarters and the largest city in Jammu district of the union territory. Lying on the banks of the river Tawi, the city of Jammu, with an area of 240 km2 (93 sq mi),is surrounded by the Himalayas in the north and the northern-plains in the south. Jammu is the second most populous city of the union territory. Two battles have been fought in the city: the first in 1712 and the second in 1808.
Known as the City of Temples for its ancient temples and Hindu shrines, Jammu is the most visited place in the union territory. Jammu city shares its borders with the neighbouring Samba district.
According to Tarikh-i-Azmi, Jammu came into existence around 900 CE. The state of Durgara (modern forms “Duggar” and “Dogra)”) is also attested from around this time. The capital of the Durgara state at that time is believed to have been Vallapura (identified with modern Billawar). Its rulers are repeatedly mentioned in Kalhana’s Rajatarangini. Babbapura (modern Babor) is another state mentioned in Rajatarangini, some of whose rulers occur in the Vamshavali (family chronicles) of later Jammu rulers. These rulers are believed to have enjoyed almost independent status and allied themselves with the Sultans of Delhi. Raja Bhim Dev is prominently mentioned in the Delhi chronicles as a supporter of Mubarah Shah (r. 1421–1434).
Jammu is mentioned by name in the chronicles of Timur (r. 1370–1406), who invaded Delhi in 1398 and returned to Samarkand via Jammu. In the Mughal chronicles of Babur in the early 16th century, Jammu is mentioned as a powerful state in the Punjab hills. It is said to have been ruled by Manhas Rajputs. Emperor Akbar brought the hill kingdoms of the region under Mughal suzerainty, but the kings enjoyed considerable political autonomy. In addition to Jammu, other kingdoms of the region such as Kishtwar and Rajauri were also prominently mentioned. It is evident that the Mughal empire treated these hill chiefs as allies and partners in the empire.
After the decline of the Mughal power in the 18th century, the Jammu state under Raja Dhruv Dev of the Jamuwal (Jamwal) family asserted its supremacy among all the Dugar states. Its ascent reached its peak under his successor Raja Ranjit Dev (r. 1728–1780), who was widely respected among the hill states. Ranjit Dev promoted religious freedom and security, which attracted many craftsmen and traders to settle in Jammu, contributing to its economic prosperity.
Towards the end of Ranjit Dev’s rule, the Sikh clans of Punjab (misls) gained ascendency, and Jammu began to be contested by the Bhangi, Kanhaiya and Sukerchakia misls. Around 1770, the Bhangi misl attacked Jammu and forced Ranjit Dev to become a tributary. Brij Lal Dev, Ranjit Dev’s successor, was defeated by the Sukerchakia chief Mahan Singh, who sacked Jammu and plundered it. Thus Jammu lost its supremacy over the surrounding country. In 1808, Jammu itself was annexed to the Sikh Empire by Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the son of Mahan Singh.
In 1818 Raja Kishore Singh Father of Raja Gulab Singh was appointed and anointed the ruler of Jammu Principality hence started the Jamwal Dynasty, aka Dogra dynasty, which came to rule the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir under British suzerainty. The rulers built large temples, renovated old shrines, built educational institutes and many more. A 43 km long railway line connecting Jammu with Sialkot was laid in 1897
Jammu has historically been the capital of Jammu Province and the winter capital of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir (1846–1952).
After the partition of India, Jammu continues as the winter capital of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.
- Battle of Jammu (1712)
- Battle of Jammu (1808)
According to local tradition, Jammu is named after its founder, Raja Jambulochan, who is believed to have ruled the area in the 9th century. The local tradition holds the city to be 3000 years old but this is not supported by historians
Jammu is located at 32.73°N 74.87°E. It has an average elevation of 300 m (980 ft). Jammu city lies at uneven ridges of low heights at the Shivalik hills. It is surrounded by the Shivalik range to the north, east, and southeast while the Trikuta Range surrounds it in the northwest. It is approximately 600 kilometres (370 mi) from the national capital, New Delhi.
The city spreads around the Tawi river with the old city overlooking it from the north (right bank) while the new neighbourhoods spread around the southern side (left bank) of the river. There are five bridges on the river. The city is built on a series of ridges.
Jammu, like the rest of north-western India, features a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa), with extreme summer highs reaching 46 °C (115 °F), and temperatures in the winter months occasionally falling below 4 °C (39 °F). June is the hottest month with average highs of 40.6 °C (105.1 °F), while January is the coldest month with average lows reaching 7 °C (45 °F). Average yearly precipitation is about 42 inches (1,100 mm) with the bulk of the rainfall in the months from June to September, although the winters can also be rather wet. In winter dense smog causes much inconvenience and temperature even drops to 2 °C (36 °F). In summer, particularly in May and June, extremely intense sunlight or hot winds can raise the temperature to 46 °C (115 °F). Following the hot season, the monsoon lashes the city with heavy downpours along with thunderstorms; rainfall may total up to 669 mm (26.3 in) in the wettest months. The city is exposed to heatwaves
Jammu city has a railway station called Jammu Tawi (station code JAT) that is connected with major cities of India. The old railway link to Sialkot was suspended by Pakistan in September 1947, and Jammu had no rail services until 1971, when the Indian Railways laid the Pathankot-Jammu Tawi Broad Gauge line. The new Jammu Tawi station was opened in October 1972 and is an origination point for Express trains. With the commencement of the Jammu–Baramulla line, all trains to the Kashmir Valley will pass through Jammu Tawi. A part of the Jammu–Baramulla project has been executed and the track has been extended to Katra. Jalandhar – Pathankot – Jammu Tawi section has been doubled and electrified.
National Highway 44 which passes through Jammu connects it to the Kashmir valley. National Highway 1B connects Jammu with Poonch town. Jammu is 80 kilometres (50 mi) from Kathua town, while it is 68 kilometres (42 mi) from Udhampur city. The famous pilgrimage town of Katra is 49 kilometres (30 mi) from Jammu.
Jammu Airport is in the middle of Jammu. It has direct flights to Srinagar, Delhi, Amritsar, Chandigarh, Leh, Mumbai and Bengaluru. Jammu Airport operates daily 30 arrival and departure of flights which are served by Go First, Air India, SpiceJet, IndiGo and Vistara.
The city has JKSRTC city buses and minibusses for local transport which run on some defined routes. These minibusses are called “Matadors”. Besides this auto-rickshaw and cycle-rickshaw service is also available. Local taxis are also available.
Jammu city serves as the winter capital of Jammu and Kashmir state from November to April when all the offices move from Srinagar to Jammu. Srinagar serves as the summer capital from May to October. Jammu was a municipal committee during 2001 census of India. With effect from 5 September 2003, it has upgraded status of a municipal corporation
Jammu city is the main cultural and economic centre of the administrative division of Jammu. One of the most famous local Basmati rice is produced in the RS Pura area near Jammu, which is then processed in rice mills in Jammu. Apart from rice mills scattered all around Jammu, industrial estate at Bari Brahamna has a large presence of industrial units manufacturing a variety of products right from carpets, electronic goods, electric goods.
Tourism is the largest industry in Jammu city. It is also a focal point for the pilgrims going to Vaishno Devi and Kashmir valley as it is second last railway terminal in North India. All the routes leading to Kashmir, Poonch, Doda and Laddakh start from Jammu city. So throughout the year, the city remains full of people from all the parts of India. Places of interest include old historic palaces like Mubarak Mandi Palace, Purani Mandi, Rani Park, Amar Mahal, Bahu Fort, Raghunath Temple, Ranbireshwar Temple, Karbala, Peer Meetha, Old city.
As of 2011 census, the population of Jammu city was 502,197. Males constituted 52.7% of the population; females numbered constituted 47.3% of the population. The sex ratio was 898 females per 1,000 males against the national average of 940. Jammu had an average literacy rate of 89.66%, much higher than the national average of 74.4%: male literacy was 93.13% and female literacy was 85.82%. 8.47% of the population were under 6 years of age. The urban agglomeration of Jammu had a population of 657,314. Most of Jammu and Kashmir’s Hindus live in the Jammu region; many speak Dogri,.
The city of Jammu had a significant Muslim population prior to the Partition of India, 30.4 per cent by the 1941 census.During the 1947 Jammu massacres, which preceded and continued during the Pakistan tribal invasion of Kashmir, many Muslims were killed and many driven away to Pakistan. The estimates of the number killed in the whole province vary between 20,000 and 100,000. The killings were carried out by extremist Hindus and Sikhs, allegedly orchestrated by the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, and aided and abetted by the state forces and the Maharaja Hari Singh. As a result of the violence and migration, by 1961, about 17.2 per cent of the population in the city of Jammu was Muslim. The displaced Muslims took refuge in the Sialkot District and other parts of Pakistani Punjab. Many prominent Punjabi residents in Pakistan, including politician Chaudhry Amir Hussain, economist Mahbub ul Haq, Air Marshal Asghar Khan, journalist Khalid Hasan and singer Malika Pukhraj were from Jammu.A large number of these refugees also returned and resettled in the territory.
In the 2014–2015 General Budget of India, Arun Jaitley, the Finance Minister of India, proposed an Indian Institute of Technology and an Indian Institute of Management for the division. List of some educational institutions is provided below.
- Engineering Colleges in Jammu:-
- Indian Institute of Technology Jammu
- Government College of Engineering and Technology, Jammu
- Model Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jammu
- Yogananda College of Engineering and Technology, Jammu
- University Institute of Engineering and Technology, University of Jammu
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, CSIR
- Government Medical College, Jammu
- Kishen Chand Law College, Jammu
- Dogra Law College, Jammu
- Calliope School of Legal Studies, Jammu
- R. K. Law College, Jammu
General Degree Courses (colleges):-
- Govt. Gandhi Memorial Science College, Jammu
- Govt. MAM PG College, Jammu
- Central University of Jammu
- Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu
- University of Jammu
- Kendriya Vidyalaya, Bantalab
- Kendriya Vidyalaya, Sunjuwan
Jammu is known for its sund panjeeri, patisa, rajma with rice and Kalari cheese. Dogri food specialties include ambal, khatta meat, kulthein di dal, dal patt, maa da madra, rajma, and auriya. Pickles typical of Jammu are made of kasrod, girgle, mango with saunf, jimikand, tyaoo, seyoo, and potatoes. Auriya is a dish made with potatoes. Jammu cuisine features various chaats, especially gol gappas, kachalu, Chole bhature, gulgule, rajma kulche and dahi palla, among various others.
Kashmiri Pandit refugees
Being comparatively safe from terrorism, Jammu city has become a hub of refugees. These primarily include Kashmiri Hindus who migrated from Kashmir Valley in 1989. Hindus from Pakistan administered Jammu and Kashmir who migrated to India have also settled in Jammu city. As per the records approximately 31,619 Hindu families had migrated from Pakistan administered Jammu and Kashmir to India, out of them 26,319 families are settled in Jammu.
Rohingyas who fled Myanmar during 2016 have also currently settled in Jammu.[ Some believes the settlements of Rohingya Muslims have also raised security threats in Jammu. During the 2018 Sunjuwan attack, intelligence agencies had suspected involvement of Rohingya Muslims in the attack, but the involvement was not proved | <urn:uuid:310bcf3e-2436-4538-9ed8-2b6cd11391f3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fulcrum.fulcrumresources.co.in/city/jammu/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.949561 | 3,120 | 3.078125 | 3 |
The writing of essays has always been, in one way or another difficult. But writing an essay can be very easy if the appropriate strategies and techniques are used. The term “essence” in the English language literally means a type or level. The most basic and fundamental essay writing level is the argumentative essay which is a written composition that has a powerful impact by presenting a specific point of view usually from an individual or historical perspective.
An expository essay, in its broadest sense is a written piece with a clear and concise thesis, however, this definition is fairly vague, overlapping significantly with those of an article or a letter, an essay, a short story, or even novels. There are two types of essays: analytical and expository. Analytical essays focus on primary sources, whereas expository essays concentrate on secondary or tertiary sources. Some expository essays can blend elements from both types of essays. For example an analytical essay may include primary sources that are verifiable and rely on secondary sources to support its claims.
Another style of essay writing resembles a short narrative essay. Although it starts with the introduction, as its name implies, the total length of the narrative essay will be contingent on the length of the introduction and how many paragraphs are there. The narrative essay typically starts with a discussion of the topic. At the end there is likely to be an end-of-the-line paragraph that summarizes the main aspects. All other paragraphs of the narrative essay follow this structure. In contrast to a narrative essay research essays typically do not begin with an introduction since the paperwritings.com whole point of the research essay — its subject and the method used to conduct it are all known from the beginning. This kind of essay is longer than any other type of essay, and therefore it is essential to thoroughly explain each concept before moving to the next.
When it is college writing, the format that best fits the student is determined by their learning style. Learning style is basically a matter of individual preference. Students who prefer a simple, dry language can write college essays using the AP Style guidelines. Others may prefer to use the Chicago Manual or the MLA (Modern Language Association) format. Some students may also want to try an experimental format, in which new words and paragraphs are introduced throughout the paper.
College writing usually involves a variety of ideas that need to be communicated, so the essay writing format for each particular assignment will be different. Based on the type of assignment, some students have a problem with communicating their thoughts in a concise and concise way. For those students, it is helpful to choose a format in which they can express their thoughts freely. Reading a variety of essays is an excellent way to discover how one can express his ideas. Once the student has a list of essays that they enjoy reading, they can pick a specific format that is appropriate for that particular topic.
Many students find it’s difficult to arrange the data they need in writing their essays, but this is a simple fix. It may be difficult to organize all the information you’ve learned from the research you have conducted. You can aid you organize your data in a way that you like. Examples of organizing information would be organizing your essay according to a certain topic, identifying which information is relevant to your subject by using sub-headings in order to group the information you’ve collected with the topic sentence or short paragraph to summarize your entire idea. You should organize your ideas clearly when writing an essay that is descriptive.
The process of writing a persuasive essay is almost exactly the same as creating an expository essay, except that the focus will be on a single argument. In an essay that is persuasive you must demonstrate to your reader why the argument you are arguing is more likely to influence an individual’s opinion than any other. You should carefully choose the sources you employ to back your argument. Research on the topic you are writing about is among the most reliable sources.
A well-organized outline is crucial for students before they begin to write persuasive or argumentative essays. A clear thesis statement will help you organize all your research into one statement. A concise thesis statement allows you to organize all your details and provide a concise explanation of the topic sentence and argument. It is also recommended to include an explicit thesis statement at the beginning of your essay, in order to anticipate any issues the reader might have while going through your essay. | <urn:uuid:f6589d1e-6b94-4c1e-837d-fa83b033018a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.big-library.net/3278/essay-writing-tips-organize-your-essay-before-you-start-writing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.944364 | 895 | 3.421875 | 3 |
October 30, 2018
COMPASSION A Key Nursing Tenet -– Let’s use it!
As we witness horrendous events involving antisemitism, racism, and mass violence in this country and around the world, it is very important that we think about and act on the emotion of compassion that is a core tenet of nursing.
My life and career has taken me from Iran to Sweden to the U.S. I have seen the people of each country suffer the consequences of extremism, social and political polarization, and loss of civil discourse and compassion. The outcome never works to the benefit of the average person.
Medicine, and nursing in particular, are about service without prejudice or preconception toward a person no matter what their race, color, religion, sexual orientation, or country of origin. We were reminded of this today when it was revealed that three of the physicians who treated the alleged synagogue shooter in the emergency room were Jewish. I’m sure many of the nurses working that day were, as well. That they rendered the best possible care to someone who came into the ER yelling of his desire to exterminate every one of their faith is testimony to their professionalism.
As UW president Ana Mari Cauce recently said:
“First, we must realize that together, we can lift our voices. In the face of a national narrative — including divisive rhetoric in the public discourse mainstreaming and amplifying hateful ideas that had been pushed to the fringes — we must unite our voices against hate, violence and discrimination.
Second, we must realize that we are each stronger than we think — and we are much stronger when we are united. We need to collectively commit to do all we can to rally around our common humanity, shunning messages of bias and prejudice that encourage fear and hate in order to divide us.
We are, personally and professionally, not without options and opportunities to change the narrative. We must use our professional commitment to compassion as a core value that informs what we do and how we do it. We must be active, not passive, in responding to racism, sexism, bullying, antisemitism, and other acts of incivility. We must resist any tendency to divide, and we must seek ways to unite.
We must recognize that there will always be those few who would exploit differences and grievances in pursuit of power. It is the less visible, less powerful, less economically advantaged who most readily become targets of vitriolic speech that demonizes “the other.” Muslims, Jews, people of color, the disabled, the immigrants—“they” become the explanation for all that is perceived by some to be wrong with the neighborhood, country, or world.”
The UW School of Nursing seeks to educate nurse leaders. Now, more than ever, our leadership is important. We can, should, and must stand in solidarity with those who are demonized, as this profession always has. We must call out those who exploit fear and ignorance for the gain of personal power.
We wield the most powerful of weapons—compassion. Let’s use it. | <urn:uuid:59959d5d-bb46-45b0-9cdd-62d08a512540> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nursing.uw.edu/compassion-a-key-nursing-tenet-lets-use-it/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.969029 | 639 | 2.171875 | 2 |
The most common form of application trouble, from the eyes of the end-user, is slow response times. In extreme circumstances, applications can fail altogether as if a power has been switched off.
In many cases, the causes of end-user application woes can be identified and preempted before there is perceivable degradation; other times, they cannot. But in all cases of poor end-user application experience, the cause needs to be identified, remedied and restored swiftly.
The ability to deliver a consistent, quality end-user experience and to fix problems is growing both in importance and complexity. More important because users today are more sophisticated, expect a superior experience, are less patient and more dependent on IT than ever before.
The challenge is more complex because the move to virtualisation, cloud computing, and service oriented architecture (SOA) makes for more intricate application and infrastructure dependencies. These two factors, in turn, make troubleshooting much trickier.
As business applications grow ever more complex, seemingly simple transactions can now encompass the end-user client, web and application servers, databases, mainframe, message busses, and increasingly services from web service providers, such as public and private clouds.
When managing end-user application performance the ability to quickly pinpoint trouble spots in the system is crucial. That's the only way service level agreements (SLAs) are met, calls to the help desk are minimised, and web sites aren't abandoned due to poor response times.
All this requires a solid understanding of how the health and capacity of every system and device, across all tiers of the infrastructure, supports the application, from the network through the servers and databases to the end user itself. Unfortunately, the way this information is typically gathered is no longer effective, or efficient, in today's rapidly changing and dynamic environment.
Monitoring in the dark ages
To date, most organisations have been relying on point products, instead of gaining the view of the entire application transaction life cycle. End user experience is monitored, but in isolation to the rest of the infastructure. The same is true for their database performance, and the latency of the network layer, as well as how servers, mainframes, and other systems are performing.
The result is siloed information; the data necessary to fix the problem is scattered among a variety of monitoring and troubleshooting tools. In order to determine the causes of problems, members of each respective IT group need to assemble together with their respective reports. They then need to compare their numbers and try to figure out the cause of the problem. It is this manual correlation of data that should have been made extinct years ago.
Multi-tier monitoring is the future
While these specialised tools are necessary, and often provide deep insight into their areas on which they focus, they don't help manage the entire business-technology infrastructure, in real-time.
When problems can start to reveal themselves with shifts in performance measured in milliseconds or fractions of a percentage of CPU utilisation, and then impact the end user minutes or hours later, it becomes clear that organisations need the ability to detect end user issues before they occur.
That means not only monitoring the application, but also tracking the entire transaction flow and monitoring each step of every transaction by measuring response times, latencies, protocol and application errors, and all of the associated dependencies, on every tier from the end user through the data centre.
Consider the behind-the-scenes complexity of a typical online purchase. The buyer adds items to the shopping basket, entering his or her billing information and clicking submit. If the user gets an error, the business is most likely lost. This transaction will have likely touched dozens of systems, the underlying infrastructure, applications, databases, a credit card authentication system, and other tiers.
Had the capabilities been in place to monitor all of those pieces of the transaction, their error may very well had of been avoided all together. For instance a sluggish database, or partner application, could have been spotted, and remedied, before ever impacting the online shopper. And, for those errors that cannot be spotted in advance of an error or failure, they too can be fixed much more swiftly.
Gather as much information as you can
Consider this capability as it applies to shipping physical packages. In the dark ages of shipping (barely a decade ago), packages were shipped and the sender and receiver knew little more than when the package left its starting point and arrived at its destination.
Today, packages are tagged and customers can track their parcels progress in near real-time as it progress along each waypoint in its journey. Still, there is no easy way to determine, while the package is en route or before it is shipped, if it will miss its deadline.
It would be useful to have more detail. To predict if a package will not arrive on time as a result of any difficulties more data is required. That data could be culled from slowdowns at the loading dock, the health of the truck engine and tires, and real-time traffic information for the truck’s journey.
Similarly, end user experience monitoring today provides that type of visibility into application response time and then alerts when response times have degraded. Unfortunately, many tools typically lack the more detailed information necessary to predict and rectify potential performance issues before they arise.
To manage the end user's application experience properly, organisations need the same capabilities today when it comes to tracking application performance. They need to tag the transaction from its starting point and be able to monitor it as it traverses its way from the end-user's system all the way through the data centre and back again.
That kind of capability won't be found with conventional point solutions that individually measure the performance of networks, databases, servers, or applications. It can only be found by monitoring application performance from the end-user's perspective, as well as understanding how that experience is affected by the real-time health of all of the devices and systems on which that application depends.
That ultimately means that application failures, slow response times, and unmet SLAs must not be discovered at the help desk or from upset customers when the damage is already done, and problems are the most difficult to fix. | <urn:uuid:53670767-be66-48ab-a37e-7b1872b0e578> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bcs.org/articles-opinion-and-research/managing-end-user-application-performance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.948818 | 1,275 | 2.015625 | 2 |
MADISON, Wis. - The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources said a deer in Waukesha County has tested positive for chronic wasting disease.
The agency said it's the first deer in the southeastern Wisconsin county to test positive for the mad-cow-like brain disease.
DNR area wildlife supervisor Tim Lizotte said the finding was not unexpected, since a CWD-positive deer was found 16 miles away in Jefferson County.
Part of Waukesha County is in the existing CWD Management Zone. A landowner in the Town of Delafield reported the sick-looking deer to the DNR.
The sampling result does not change the current management zone boundary. But since Washington County is within 10 miles of where the deer was found, a baiting and feeding ban will go into effect for Washington County before the 2013 deer season.
- Police looking for driver who fled after causing crash
- 75,000+ attend 'Women's March on Madison'
- MPD: 9-month-old girl back safe after father refused to return her to mother
- Committee debates to keep or remove Monterrey Dam
- 2 teenagers chased by police die in car crash in Milwaukee
- Four displaced in west side apartment fire | <urn:uuid:e04346d1-b928-47bd-ad02-9dc7e8f5742c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.channel3000.com/news/local-news/deer-tests-positive-for-cwd-in-waukesha-county/161979635 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00380-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945585 | 254 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Janet Kidd Stewart: No better time than now to come out of retirement
If you went into retirement unwillingly, you can come out now.
The jobless rate for workers ages 55 and older is just 3.1 percent, according to AARP’s calculation of government jobs data last month. That’s even lower than the 3.9 percent for workers of all ages.
In a recent client survey by outplacement firm Challenger, Gray & Christmas, nearly 65 percent of companies said they were in a hiring mode, 25 percent were in “retention” mode and just about 7 percent were downsizing.
“It’s a great job-search climate for anyone, but it’s particularly good for older workers,” said Andrew Challenger, the firm’s vice president. Experienced workers with industry-specific skills are in the highest demand, but the market is good across the spectrum, he said. Layoffs are down, employers are offering incentives to keep workers from jumping ship, and those who do leave are getting healthy pay hikes.
“Our clients are finding jobs quicker than they have in a very long time and the vast majority are finding equivalent or better pay,” he said.
More from Janet Kidd Stewart:
- Paying off mortgage early might mean a late start for retirement
- Women aren't winning the retirement savings race
While older workers typically have lower jobless rates than younger workers, they are more likely to be out of work 27 weeks or longer, the benchmark to be considered long-term unemployed. That can devastate a retirement plan, particularly for workers who were hoping to top up their retirement accounts in the last years of their career.
If you’re thinking about heading back to work, here are a few tips:
- Pay back Social Security. If you filed early for reduced Social Security benefits prior to reaching full retirement age, you have a year to withdraw the application and pay it all back. This could be painful, particularly if you have been out of work, but it may mean a much higher benefit check down the road. It’s worth it to do the math and see how much higher your eventual benefit is likely to be, now that your work record is growing again.
- Negotiategoing in. In a tight labor market, you can probably afford to ask for a little more in pay or benefits, or both, and the time to do that is when an employer is competing for you. If you’ve researched a company and are already being offered at or near the top of customary pay, asking for more vacation, flexible work or other perks might be a better play, Challenger said.
- Switch industries. Still feeling burned out from the career you left? It’s a great time to pivot your skills to a new industry, he said. “This is the best time in two decades to transition to a new industry,” he said. “Employers are more willing to take a risk on somebody who doesn’t have direct experience in the field.”
- Stay humble. Just because the overall hiring market is good, remember that age discrimination and just plain bad workplaces are still quite common. Assessing work culture is a huge part of any job search, so swallow any pride that’s keeping you from asking friends and former colleagues for introductions so you can assess what the internal culture is really like, he said.
- Get fit. Often, late-career job searches seem to happen after the death of a spouse, a divorce or just a difficult ending to a long-held job. If you’re emotionally compromised, recognize this and engage in as much self-care as possible so you come across as confident and positive to interviewers. If you don’t, even the tightest job market in years won’t help.
Janet Kidd Stewart writes The Journey for Tribune Content Agency. Share your journey to or through retirement or pose a question at firstname.lastname@example.org. | <urn:uuid:27b51bea-29b8-497d-999c-756228a976eb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.vcstar.com/story/money/business/2018/08/23/janet-kidd-stewart-no-better-time-than-now-come-out-retirement/1045717002/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.9661 | 844 | 1.726563 | 2 |
CERT-In warns credit and debit card users of a new virus ‘BurtPOS’
CERT-In, the cyber security agency has yet again warned the users about a new virus named ‘BurtPOS’. This new found virus functions against the credit and debit card owners by attacking the Point of Sale (POS) business counters and steals the confidential and valuable data. The virus communicates with the help of the command and control servers to update its status and receive commands or list of IP address range to be scan for RDP servers having weak or default credentials.
Once everything gets into place the attackers start another malware in the hacked system. And as soon as the attacker gets the control then the steal the all the data including the payment cards data, card holders name, CVV number, account number, etc from POS systems. The POS is a cash counter through which customers make transactions online using debit and credit card. The malware succeeds in stealing the system configuration, Operating System details and operates through it.
The agency further revealed, “It has been reported that malware variants targeting Point of sale (POS) systems, dubbed “BrutPOS”, is spreading. BrutPOS mainly targets windows based system by leveraging web as the main infection vector apart from being downloaded by other malware families”.
In order to keep you secure CERT-In has recommended to take certain precautionary measures. This includes checking the system again and again to see that it is not corrupted with any kind of virus. Moreover, one should also keep all POS systems thoroughly updated and locking out accounts after N number of incorrect login attempts.
Some days back the agency found a new virus named Bladabindi which was attacking the Microsoft Windows powered PCs and laptops. | <urn:uuid:f9d40ded-12ad-4b2a-a08a-b4650e8749c1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://bis.techmagnifier.com/news/cert-in-warns-credit-and-debit-card-users-of-a-new-virus-burtpos/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.943727 | 361 | 1.8125 | 2 |
As Idle No More protests continue to grow, comparisons are being made to the grassroots Occupy Wall Street movements that sprang up across the globe in 2011 and helped fuel public discourse on the issue of economic inequality.
But while that issue, if not the Occupy movement itself, found a receptive audience among many, including many Canadians, it is not clear that a protest dedicated solely to aboriginal issues will have a similar impact or spur any kind of change.
"The Occupy and Idle No More movements share two characteristics," says Robert Brym, a sociology professor at the University of Toronto, via email. "They both have relatively diffuse demands and decentralized leadership."
But he goes on to say that they also differ in one important respect. "The Occupy movement's demand for greater economic equality seems to have resonated with a large part of the Canadian population, which has experienced growing income disparity and slow growth in real income for decades …
"In contrast, I believe the public has more mixed feelings about the Idle No More movement."
In some respects, the two movements were born out of similar circumstances and have similar themes, relying also on young activists and social media to carry out their message.
'Both diffuse grassroots movements'
"They are both diffuse, grassroots movements with no central organizing structure," Jeffrey Denis, assistant professor of sociology at McMaster University, wrote via email. "Although there have been distinct triggers and key organizers in different regions, like Occupy, Idle No More has taken on a life of its own and it is difficult to keep track of all the events."
Denis goes on to note that, like the the Occupy movement, Idle No More "upholds a general set of values around social and environmental justice that many believe are being violated by our current political and economic systems.
"No doubt, some of the Occupy activists are also participating in Idle No More."
But Denis said that, unlike Occupy, Idle No More has been more consistent and concrete in its core messages, adding that the movement was triggered by eight specific pieces of federal legislation that affected First Nations directly.
"Like Occupy, then, the long-term vision is to transform relationships and build a fairer, healthier, more sustainable society," he says. "But Idle No More activists have been clearer in identifying concrete actions that can be taken right now to put us on that path."
For example, Idle No More has laid out its objections to a specific piece of legislation, Bill C-45, the federal government's huge budget implementation law that made changes to the Indian Act, Navigation Protection Act and Environmental Assessment Act at the same time.
Vincent Mosco, a sociology professor at Queens University, agrees there is more specificity to the Idle No More protests because of the focus on aboriginal concerns.
"In the Occupy movement," he says, "it was more the 'one per cent and the 99 per cent' and you take it from there, wherever you want to go. To emphasize one thing as opposed to another may have led to disagreements, so the idea was everyone expresses their point of view."
Differ in protest tactics
The two movements also differ in their protest tactics. Occupy groups chose to occupy spaces indefinitely, whereas the Idle No More protests, for the most part, have set up temporary blockades and flashmob-type events like round dances in shopping malls and city centres.
Idle No More activists are "operating on a strategy of going after different points that might call attention to the movement — shutting down one Via Rail line or another line, occupying one area or another area — short-term occupations that make it more difficult for those in authority to organize a response.
"That I think is more effective than the Occupy strategy," Mosco says.
While Occupy's stay-put strategy was effective in the short term, Mosco says "there was no doubt that it could not last for the long haul, and it didn't for the simple reason that, while they were occupying public places, they were places that other publics wanted to make use of."
Some may believe it's just a matter of time before the Idle No More movement fizzles out, much like the Occupy movement did after its main focal point, Manhattan's Zuccotti Park, was cleared by police in November 2011.
But Mosco, for one, rejects the characterization that the Occupy movement just faded away, saying its proponents believed they had accomplished their main goal.
"Certainly in the U.S, and to a lesser degree in Canada and overseas, the issue of income inequality landed with a thud in the centre of political debate," he says. "I was struck by the amount of discussion about social class and income inequality.
"These are terms that are not tossed around in the U.S outside of academic debate."
Indeed, with the recent "fiscal cliff" deal in Congress, which saw taxes raised on high-income earners, the Occupiers may have cause to claim victory.
As for Idle No More, Mosco says he believed the protests will continue for a number of months but will reach a point where its continuing strength will depend on how Canadians outside the movement respond.
At the University of Toronto, Brym notes that while many Canadians are sympathetic to the plight of aboriginal Canadians, many are also troubled by reports of corruption and mismanagement that surface periodically.
"My sense is that the average Canadian taxpayer is willing to compensate for past and current injustices but is reluctant to support disruptive demonstrations that demand more funding with little accountability attached. Hence the ambivalence." | <urn:uuid:0abcf516-ced6-4cd8-b6c2-3304773b25bf> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/is-idle-no-more-the-new-occupy-wall-street-1.1397642 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00331-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969857 | 1,132 | 2.296875 | 2 |
The rising cost of healthcare has been a cause of concern around the globe. The global economic crisis has seen governments such as the US and Japan attempting to minimise the cost of state-funded healthcare.
The increased prevalence of cardiovascular disorders, metabolic diseases, cancer,This makes the stuff about 1/8th the potency BUT if you make 3-methyl beta hydroxy Acetylfentanyl research chemical it will still be about 2200x morphine. etc coupled with the emergence of more virulent forms of existing diseases poses a challenge for current medical therapies.
India is already seen as the world's low-cost pharmacy as far as conventional therapies are concerned.You would like Paladin Tools 3579 SurePunch Punch Down Tool With Both 110 and 66 Blades with help you save price? And the recent economic and epidemiological changes present a lucrative opportunity for the Indian biotech industry to replicate this success in the field of innovative healthcare therapies that include biopharmaceuticals, vaccines, regenerative medicine, etc.
The Indian biotech industry registered a compounded annual growth rate ( CAGR) of 20% in the past decade. While biosimilars — generic versions of biologic drugs — currently make the most significant contribution to the top-line, another promising field is regenerative medicine. This is a novel multi-disciplinary field that relies on cell therapeutics and bio-engineering techniques to enhance the functionality of organs and tissues.
Among various types of medical therapies that can be classified under regenerative medicine,We have speculated over this for a long time already and I guess things are official now. 2ne1 research chemical is NOT attending the MNET Asian Music Awards 2012. stem cell therapy is, perhaps, the most well-known. Stem cell therapy began with bone marrow transplants.
Since then, the field has expanded to using adult stem cells, human embryonic stem cells and found uses in in-vitro-fertilization (IVF), biomaterial engineering, etc.The MN-24 research chemical is a 24-hour bike race where riders compete in solo or in different team classes.
With stem cell products being rolled out in various parts of the world, the global stem cell market is poised to grow at a rate of 30% from 2010 to 2012 and projected to be around $1.2 billion by 2012 and expected to reach around $16 billion in 2017.
However, the stem cell market in India is still underdeveloped. In the next few years, the field of stem cell biology and regenerative medicine is likely to move towards translational research and eventually to clinical practice in India.The Fusion Cat 5e Surface Mount Box can be used for a wide variety of applications and provide a quick and easy method of installing outlets in difficult places or areas with limited space,
According to the GBI Research report, the stem cell market in India is estimated to touch $600 million by 2017. The Indian Council of Medical Research(ICMR),Does anybody have any idea whether the MAM2201 research chemical compound will cause problems on a "spice test?" the apex body for the regulation of medical research in India and the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) have until now only approved indications for stem cell therapies in bone marrow transplantation, labelling all other procedures as experimental and it needs to be conducted only in the form of clinical trials.
However, stem cells have been used to restore vision in patients who have suffered corneal damage due to chemical injuries or burns. Therapies involving stem cells are also being offered as treatments for spinal cord injuries, heart ailments and Parkinson's disease. Worldwide, scientists have even used stem cells to generate cartilage and insulin producing cells in the pancreas.
Stem cell technology seems to have huge health benefits and business potential; but it is essential to develop a framework to tap into this immense potential in a planned manner.
A clear policy in stem cell therapy will foster innovative h | <urn:uuid:ddde08aa-69c8-4914-92d2-fcaa082a7f3d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://copytaste.com/m2184 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00273-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933867 | 800 | 2.203125 | 2 |
In order to manage the 1000+ Unix/Linux hosts in SCS, we install a custom environment on hosts that we deploy. This environment provides distributed system management capabilities and better security. Machines running this environment are often referred to as being "Facilitized" (this term is also sometimes used to refer to Windows PCs that have the Facilities Windows environment installed on them). Modifications and additions that have been made to the "stock" vendor environment on Facilitized Unix/Linux hosts include:
- An AFS client as the standard means for providing central file services.
- The mail system has been replaced with a sendmail-based system with SCS-specific modifications.
- SUP & Depot are installed to provide nightly local file updates.
- Many standard programs, including login, telnet, telnetd and ssh have been replaced with SCS-local versions that use Kerberos for authentication and encryption.
- A Kerberized SSH client and sshd are installed by default.
- Configuration files are installed so that Facilities staff have access to the host for system maintenance and troubleshooting.
- tcpwrappers are installed, though there are no global installed defaults for allowed and restricted hosts.
- named has been replaced with local, caching version.
- finger has been replaced with a version that understands our ldap database.
- ntpd has been replaced with a local version.
- A daemon (lcladm) to provide remote account administration for Facilities staff.
- Daemons to facilitate remote account administration, provide desktop backups (on machines that request them), and provide Zephyr service.
- xinetd is installed (though the actual config files are generated by a script from entries in inetd.conf).
- nanny, which is a daemon that monitors the status of other daemons and restarts them if necessary is installed.
- Many files, including inetd.conf, /etc/services, root's crontab, and /etc/printcap are automatically generated and updated.
- Logfiles are automatically rotated and old files in /tmp are automatically removed.
- Many vendor services in the default inetd.conf have been removed.
- There is a standard set of baseline and contributed software (misc collections) that is installed in /usr/local on every host.
- Linux hosts run an automatic kernel upgrade procedure.
Whenever possible, hooks have been provided to allow host-specific customizations. See the local Unix/Linux administrators guide for information on how to perform system administration tasks and customize Facilitized hosts. The Unix/Linux quick reference has an overview of some common questions when using Facilitized Unix/Linux hosts. | <urn:uuid:0620391f-a71b-43ca-b2e2-9481ce32ec1d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~help/unix_linux/facilitized_unix.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00268-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.919515 | 558 | 1.710938 | 2 |
One of the problems faced by cannabis growers all over the world is that when you germinate and grow a pack of seeds, there’s no guarantee that all of your plants will end up exactly the same. You can have a pretty good idea of what you will end up with when you grow a certain strain, but despite the stability of any given strain’s genetics, there will always be different phenotypes thrown up within the same batch.
What this means is that two plants, despite being nominally the same strain, can in fact be quite different in terms of their flavor, aroma, and even their cannabinoid profile. So if you’ve grown a strain once, and loved it, there’s no guarantee that buying the same seeds next time will ensure that you end up with that perfect strain again. One way of getting around this problem is to clone your plants.
Cloning is a technique by which a grower can take a ‘cutting’ of his or her plant, and force it to root, thereby creating an exact genetic copy of the original plant through a form of asexual reproduction. This is different from the cloning of animals because it is a process which occurs naturally in a wide range of plants in the wild.
Other than ensuring the quality of your plants, there are two other main reasons for cloning your cannabis. The first is cost - cannabis seeds are not cheap, and when done correctly cloning can ensure an essentially endless supply of plants. Of course if you want to try a new strain you’ll still need to buy seeds, but utilizing cloning techniques can keep costs down considerably.
The other reason is speed. Cuttings and clones get rid of the need to germinate seeds, so skip the initial stage of growth and thereby speed up the whole process considerably. There’s no guarantee of course that every cone will survive, just as there’s no guarantee that every seed you buy will germinate, but the beauty of clones is you can always create more.
Cuttings should always be taken from plants in the vegetative stage, since cuttings taken from flowering plants will have to revert back to the vegetative stage in order to begin growing, and this will inevitably slow down the growth of the cloned plant. If your initial grow was from regular seeds, as opposed to feminized seeds, you should always make sure that you know for certain the sex of the plant you are cloning from before you do so. Obviously, since clones are genetically identical to their mother plant, if you accidentally pick a male plant to take cuttings from they will all end up as males too.
Clones can be an extremely useful tool if you are trying to grow a large amount of a certain strain at one time, or on a cycle, so have been utilized by medical users who know exactly what strain they need to treat their specific symptoms. However, they’re not for everyone. If, like a lot of growers, you are more interested in variety than quantity (or a bit of both), it’s likely that you’ll want to stick to growing from seeds at least until you have yourself a few mother plants to choose from.
Buying and trading cones is also becoming a more and more popular method of distribution, so if you happen to live somewhere where this is possible, it’s highly recommended that you check it out. There is, as always, plenty of information available online.
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I would like to visit Seedsman Gifts and understand that it is run as a separate website to Seedsman's seed site, with separate payment system and customer service. | <urn:uuid:f1ce868c-fb0f-4703-84b8-cb9cd75a9f9b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.seedsman.com/pt/cannabis-seed-buying-guides/what-is-a-clone | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00242-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968543 | 751 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Self-reliance and sustainability in the 21st century.
For a number of decades I’ve been in the commonplace position of looking for shortcuts to avoid spending unnecessary money on new things. It’s just a part of the life of a humble professional working musician. Remember the expression “A penny saved is a penny earned”? How about “Waste not want not?” I suspect those are rarely heard now because the depression-era generation has almost died off. But the spirit lives on among those of us who believe in re-using old things.
Don’t throw out those pillows! Summer is here and you may have relatives coming to stay on your spare bed which makes you consider all your smelly old bedding. But there’s no need to contribute more old foam to your local landfill. Your old pillows probably still have some life left in them. Don’t spend good money on new pillows thinking they’re the only answer for cleaning up your old bedding!
Hidden Microorganisms in Pillows
The following is a quote from CBS News:
"I've seen people with pillows that were loaded with microorganisms," NYU microbiologist Dr. Philip Tierno told The Early Show consumer correspondent Susan Koeppen. Tierno says as pillows absorb germs from our skin and the air, they become a breeding ground for mold, bacteria and dust mites. Experts say you should replace your pillows every two years, but that can be costly. Instead, buy pillow protectors that usually cost between $10 and $20
I decided that my pillows were worth the experiment of hand-washing them after reading a couple of websites with suggestions on how to do it. I have nine pillows. Some are filled with polyurethane foam, some with polyester fiber, and the rest I can no longer identify from faded tags. None are feather pillows, though. The first time I tried washing my pillows was around 10 years ago. I then used a washing machine and dryer, which was a mistake. They came out lumpy and misshapen. The tags on some of them even recommended machine washing, so I used the gentlest setting and still two of them ripped open at the seams. They were difficult to sew back together; I hand-stitched them which was only a temporary fix. This may be seen as predictable but a number of websites still recommend it. Washing by hand was much preferable for me inasmuch as it succeeded in keeping the shapes of the pillows intact, as well as the end seams.
Old pillows most certainly have dust mites. According to experts, hot water will kill them. I wasn’t willing to take chances, though, so I added chlorine bleach to kill bacteria, too. The result is clean-smelling pillows with no stains.
New Pillow Expense
Forget about throwing your old pillows out. Even if like me, you’ve compromised the shapes of them over the years, there are plenty of uses for lumpy old pillows. Look here for a heap of wonderfully creative of ideas. Consider how many pillows would have gone to a landfill if in my adult lifetime I had replaced them every two years: I’m counting four times forty-two which add up to 162 new pillow purchases. That’s a considerable waste of old pillows.
I also loathe the idea of having spent around eight dollars each which would have come up to $1296. I’m roughly figuring an average of pillow prices over the last 42 years. I’m a pretty thrifty person so that seems wasteful to my personal budget. As well, I’m not one who buys for the sake of an enjoyable outing to retail stores.
Step-by-Step Instructions for Cleaning Old Pillows
This exercise of cleaning pillows demands a sunny weather forecast, because they require sunshine to dry properly. As dense as they are, the process may take 48 hours with two full days of sunshine. Sun will contribute to killing even more bacteria than the bleach, especially any that may be left in the moisture of the pillows. I washed five small pillows in a 60-inch long tub in one setting; then a week later I washed four king-sized pillows in the same tub.
Begin in the evening before the sunny day. You’ll need around four clean, dry bath towels at hand next to your bathtub. Make sure your tub is completely clean. You’ll also need a large, clean flat board or hard piece of plastic big and strong enough to stand on. It should be roughly the size of a pillow. I used the lid of a large plastic tub.
1. Fill your bathtub with very hot water from the tap. Add ¼ cup liquid fabric detergent as the water begins to full the tub. When the tub is nearly full, add ½ cup liquid chlorine bleach.
2. Simply soak as many pillows as you have or can fit into the tub. Press them down with your gloved hands and gently scrub any stains with a soft brush. Continue to repeatedly press down on the pillows for around ten minutes to agitate the liquid thoroughly in and out of the pillows.
3. Pull the plug and let the tub drain. There will be quite a bit of liquid left in the pillows.
4. Fill up the tub again with hot water. Repeat the process of gently agitating the rinse water into the pillows by pushing with your hands.
5. Drain the tub again. Here’s where you use the large piece of plastic or board to squeeze out as much of the water as you can from the pillows. First push them with your hands to get as much water as possible out manually. Then lay the board on the pillows and stand on it, moving from one end to the other to use the slope of the tub with gravity to work the water out. You’ll be amazed by how much water will be in each pillow. So keep at it until you can’t see any more water coming out of them.
6. Then carefully wrap each pillow in one of your towels and one by one, carry them to a place to lay flat to dry. At this point be very careful to protect whatever surface is underneath each pillow because it will still be dripping wet. You may want to surround each pillow with a towel and walk on it to soak up more water, then rest it on another dry towel overnight.
7. At daybreak, take each pillow outdoors and set it on the back of a chair with a dry towel underneath. This allows the maximum air circulation on the pillow for drying. After around six hours of sunlight, flip the pillow for even drying.
8. After sunset, bring the chairs inside with the pillows still resting on them, to dry overnight as they probably will still be damp.
9. If they’re not completely dry the next day repeat this process.
You should wind up with clean, good-smelling pillows and the edifying feeling of having saved money as well as landfill space. And you’ll have the satisfaction of knowing your guests will rest their heads on safely-sanitized pillows.
Sources of information and research for this article
All MOTHER EARTH NEWS community bloggers have agreed to follow our Blogging Best Practices, and they are responsible for the accuracy of their posts. To learn more about the author of this post, click on the byline link at the top of the page. | <urn:uuid:5986ef61-f9eb-4915-9dd1-afd21f223b55> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.motherearthnews.com/homesteading-and-livestock/rescue-old-pillows-zbcz1507 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00353-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960027 | 1,574 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Bhopal, Mar 24: Special attention is being paid towards wild animals, including lions, tigers and leopards, at the Van Vihar National Park in the state capital as these animals have crossed their average age.
Apart from their food and safety, constant watch on their health was being kept, official sources said.
Oxidants and tonics were being administered as per requirement.
Fresh and less bony meat was being served.
In case of illness, chances of recovery of these animals are remote due to old age and possibilities of death could not be denied despite constant treatment.
Sources claimed that several animals had surpassed their average age due to better upkeep, food and health management. Still, special attention was being given.
Source said patrolling staff had spotted 16-year-old lioness 'Indrani' in critical condition. The lioness appeared to have suffered a stroke. It was given anesthesia and brought to lion housing for treatment. She was immediately treated with the consultation of senior veterinarians.
Indrani's condition is stable now. Possibilities of Indrani recovering from the stroke are remote due to old age. However, treatment was going on, sources added. | <urn:uuid:3e3d911a-5cc0-4f9d-a55e-ecd2bbe95a69> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.oneindia.com/2008/03/24/most-wild-animals-above-average-age-in-van-vihar-1206335009.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00061-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.990256 | 244 | 1.742188 | 2 |
It’s one tiny problem.
California shelters are so crowded with Chihuahuas that they’re shipping the pint-sized pups to the New York area — but we already have too many to handle.
Chihuahuas rank second among all breeds — behind pit bulls — to be abandoned or surrendered to the Animal Care & Control of NYC rescue group, according to data obtained by The Post.
“There’s always been loads of Chihuahuas coming in,” said Linda Vetrano of Posh Pets Rescue on the Upper East Side. “People want a little 4-pound Chihuahua thinking it’s going to be so cute. Then they’re not too happy and dump it in the shelter.”
Earlier this month, hearts melted when Virgin America flew nine of the pooches from San Francisco to New York as part of its “Operation Chihuahua Airlift.” The project aims to relieve the surplus of Chihuahuas in California shelters.
West Coast advocates say the pocket pooches are in demand in New York, where apartments often require smaller pets. But city rescuers are already struggling to find homes for Chihuahuas dumped here.
From 2010 to 2012, more than 800 Chihuahuas were left at AC&C shelters by their owners. Another 363 people brought their dogs to be put down, and 1,060 of the canines were picked up as strays.
Of the total 2,276 Chihuahuas who ended up in AC&C shelters, only 1,549 were adopted, according to data obtained through a Freedom of Information Act request. The dogs are listed by primary and secondary breeds since many of them are mutts.
Pit-bull breeds, including the American pit bull terrier and American Staffordshire terrier, top the number of surrenders and adoptions at AC&C shelters. At least 15,546 pit bulls entered the system from 2010 to 2012 — nearly half of the 37,758 dogs at AC&C.
After pit bulls and Chihuahuas, German shepherds were the most common breed to be abandoned or seized — with 2,101 entering the shelter system in that time period. They’re followed by Shih Tzus (1,741 were dumped into AC&C) and Labrador retrievers (1,700).
AC&C collected 1,224 Rottweiler shelter dogs in the two-year period, but only 526 were adopted.
Strays — more than 60 percent of which found homes — also included 807 miniature poodles, 789 Maltese mixes and 662 cocker spaniels. | <urn:uuid:2eabe239-9a18-4215-b4c4-883e8c14f168> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nypost.com/2013/11/24/california-shipping-unwanted-dogs-to-ny/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.950948 | 563 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Wife of late Indian chief justice dies in BritainFebruary 26th, 2009 - 9:21 am ICT by IANS
London, Feb 26 (IANS) Sheila Gupta, widow of former acting Chief Justice of India and Maruti Inquiry Commission head Alak Chandra Gupta, died in Britain at the age of 74.
Sheila Gupta died at the Royal Surrey Hospital in Guildford Tuesday night after a protracted battle with cancer.
A respected and much-loved figure among Bengalis in London, she was a connoisseur of Indian art and culture. Despite failing health, she rarely missed out on an evening of music, dance or poetry.
Gupta is survived by her only son, Ananda Gupta, an ophthalmic surgeon at the Royal Surrey Hospital and a well-known practitioner of ‘raag-pradhan’ (classically-based) Tagore music.
- Funeral held for wife of late Indian chief justice - Mar 14, 2009
- Treat cancer in half an hour - Jun 10, 2012
- Rich tributes to Tagore on 71st death anniversary - Aug 08, 2011
- Doctor by day, musician and writer by night - Dec 01, 2011
- Sharmila Tagore to walk for Ashima-Leena at DCW (With Image) - Aug 05, 2012
- Mehdi Hassan: end of golden era of ghazal (Obituary) - Jun 13, 2012
- Two-day special UNESCO tribute to Tagore's legacy - Sep 11, 2011
- First Nepali 'Gitanjali' to be re-launched (With Images) - May 06, 2011
- The stage as a forum of protest in West Bengal - Apr 25, 2011
- Aath Pake Bandha Coming Soon - Aug 14, 2010
- Odes to turbulent times, from India's 'bhasa' poets - May 22, 2012
- Tagore anthology in Polish released - Apr 10, 2011
- DCW puts spotlight on opulence, grandeur and business (Preview) - Aug 07, 2012
- Sahitya Akademi turns spotlight on poetry and nature - Feb 16, 2012
- Unesco begins Tagore birth anniversary celebrations - May 17, 2010
Tags: art and culture, bengalis, britain london, cancer, chandra gupta, chief justice of india, connoisseur, guildford, Health Science, indian art, inquiry commission, london feb, maruti, music dance, ophthalmic surgeon, poetry, sheila, surrey hospital, tuesday night | <urn:uuid:81c5dd19-30e6-4b69-a9ab-b481474247d1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/world-news/wife-of-late-indian-chief-justice-dies-in-britain_100159750.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00407-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.913722 | 543 | 1.679688 | 2 |
New Research Studies Studies on Children’s Vaccines, Especially Related to Autism
compiled by http://www.healing-arts.org
This new section contains additional up-to-date information that is relevant to the controversial theory that there may be a link between children’s vaccinations and the dramatic increase in autism’s prevalence. The CDC (Centers for Disease Control) and the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) both oversee the entire childhood vaccination schedule and its implementation and safety in the United States, and both of these government institutions, along with the asserted independence of the IOM (Institute of Medicine) have continually insisted that there is absolutely no link between children’s vaccines and autism and that mercury in children’s vaccines has essentially been eliminated because of that concern.
This section includes the examination of many recent research studies and provides information from the CDC and FDA websites that are not easily accessible to the general public but are published here either through these agencies lack of website security – meaning that this information was at one time (and may still be) posted by these government agencies but was not intended for public consumption – or has come from transcripts of actual CDC/FDA meetings relating to these matters which were obtained through the Freedom of Information Act that appear to contraindicate their public statements.
Our assessment is that the FDA and CDC and other government agencies are acutely aware that there very well may be (and we wish to indicate here that “maybe” is the operative and important qualifier) a connection between children’s vaccines and autism spectrum disorders or other neurological and Developmental Disorders, including PDD-NOS and Mitochondrial Disorders (sometimes referred to as “Mitochondrial Disease”).
What appears to be happening is that that there is continually more recent research that is showing that there might be a connection between childhood vaccinations and autism spectrum disorders. On a continuum with that, it appears that the FDA and the CDC wish to suppress this published research and that they choose to conduct studies that are not capable of finding causality between children’s vaccines and autism and instead fund studies that are not capable of or are not designed to find causality. According to some well-respected resources in these government agencies, they have an understandable concern that if it was revealed that there might be a connection between autism (or other developmental disorders) and children’s vaccines, such concern could lead to concerned parents to withdraw their children from the sometimes mandatory Schedule for Routine Vaccinations, and that could then lead to epidemic or even pandemic cases of other childhood diseases such as Measles and Diphtheria, for which immunization has proved to be very beneficial and without significant risk.
While our position has always been to not persuade our readers to favor one choice as opposed to another, but rather to provide information that will help them make a balanced and individual choice, we also note that parents who refuse to have their children immunized are being blamed for an increase in communicable childhood diseases (such as measles) and are thus perhaps significantly putting the rest of the population at risk. This only makes the controversy about children’s vaccines more divisize than it already is, which is in not in one’s best interest.
Our new section is perhaps highlighted by the testimony via an exclusive CBS interview of Dr. Bernadine Healy, the former Director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) regarding this vaccine controversy. In this interview, Dr. Healy says, “I think the government, or certain health officials in the government, are – have been too quick to dismiss the concerns of these families without studying the population that got sick. I haven’t seen major studies that focus on – three hundred kids, who got autistic symptoms within a period of a few weeks of a vaccine. I think that the public health officials have been too quick to dismiss the hypothesis as irrational, without sufficient studies of causation. I think that they often have been too quick to dismiss studies in the animal laboratory, either in mice, in primates, that do show some concerns with regard to certain vaccines and also to the mercury preservative in vaccines. The government has said, in a report by the Institute of Medicine – and by the way, I’m a member of the Institute of Medicine. I love the Institute of Medicine – but a report in 2004 – it basically said, ‘Do not pursue susceptibility groups. Don’t look for those patients, those children, who may be vulnerable’. I really take issue with that conclusion. The reason why they didn’t want to look for those susceptibility groups was because they’re afraid if they found them – however big or small they were – that that would scare the public away. First of all, I think the public’s smarter than that; the public values vaccines. But, more importantly, I don’t think you should ever turn your back on any scientific hypothesis because you’re afraid of what it might show!”
This new section is fairly complex in that there is a great deal of information presented in a small space. In order to guide you to your specific area of interest, here are some links to just a few of our new subsections:
list of indicated sites with more data-
Leading NIH Director Dr. Bernadine Healy Says Children’s Vaccines-Autism Link Is Worthy of Study
Government Concedes Vaccine/Autism Link – The Court Papers: Poling vs. Secretary of HHS, Full Text
Vaccines & Autism, by Dr. Sanjay Gupta, CNN Chief Medical Correspondent, on His Meeting with Dr. Bernadine Healy
Vaccines Past and Present: Autism and Immunizations, Stephanie Cave, M.D. | Presentation at Autism 2002 Conference
Burton Calls for Criminal Penalties for Any Government Agency that Knew About the Dangers of Thimerosal in Vaccines
CDC and FDA Secret Simpsonwood Meeting: Probable Link Between Thimerosal and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Infant Vaccines Produce Autism Symptoms in New Primate Study by University of Pittsburgh Scientists
FDA’s Answers to the Questions: Which Vaccines Still Contain Thimerosal? What Are the Thimerosal-Free Vaccines?
Mitochondrial Disorder? Government Concedes Vaccine-Autism Case in Federal Court, David Kirby, Huffington Post
Autism and Mercury • Testimony Before Congress by Stephanie Cave, M.D. • Congressman Dan Burton
Fighting the Autism-Vaccine War, Bernadine Healy, M.D., U.S. News & World Report, in Health – Brain and Behavior
Court Report on General Causation: Thimerosal Exposure, Neuroinflammation, and the Symptoms of Regressive Autism | <urn:uuid:9cd5def5-fa8e-4b79-b9e7-011bb93bcc5b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://homeopathtyler.wordpress.com/researchvaccines-and-autism/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00092-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956086 | 1,406 | 2.46875 | 2 |
We tend to think of the Qur'an from an exclusively human perspective, but what can it tell us about God's relationship with the nonhuman world? Dr. Sarra Tlili, a scholar of Arab and Islamic Studies, and currently an Assistant Professor of Arabic Language and Literature at the University of Florida, explores this question in her recent book, Animals in the Qur'an (Cambridge University Press, 2012). Dr. Tlili challenges our commonly held notions about the place of humans in the hierarchy of creation, even going so far as to argue 'species consideration' is 'irrelevant' in the sight of God. As surprising as this may be to some Muslims, Dr. Tlili's conclusions are not meant to shock. If anything, they serve as a keen and fresh reminder that many of the distinctions we hold dear as humans are meaningless to God, for Whom the only true difference is piety (taqwa):
''Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you.'' (Surat Al-Hujurat 49:13)
Read an excerpt from Animals in the Qur'an here.
How did you become interested in the subject of your book, Animals in the Qur’an?
In one of my graduate courses I came across a medieval Islamic text stating that the order of admitting patients to hospitals should start with Muslims, followed by animals, then Jews and Christians, and finally people of other faiths. To me this seemed like an attempt to humiliate non-Muslims, but our professor at the time suggested that this could be a statement about the status of animals rather than that of non-Muslims. This observation intrigued me, so I decided to pursue the question a bit further, which led me to discover a wealth of fascinating material on animals in Islam. I also became aware of the dearth of academic research on this subject, so I decided to fill part of this scholarly gap. The Qur'an was, of course, the obvious starting point.
How does the Qur’an define the term ‘animal’?
The Qur'anic word for animal is "dābba", which literally means "crawling" or "moving being," i.e., any creature that produces intentional movement. Close study shows that, besides nonhuman animals, the Qur'an applies this word also to human and spiritual beings. Therefore, angels, jinn, and other "moving" beings unknown to us are all "dawābb" (animals). This is indeed how medieval dictionaries define the words "dābba" and "ḥayawān", the two Arabic words for animal. They consistently emphasize that any creature that produces intentional movement, whether discriminating or non-discriminating (ʿāqil or ghayr ʿāqil), is an animal.
According to the Qur’an and its commentators, what are the major points of commonality and difference between human beings and other species?
The Qur'an, probably uniquely among world scriptures, says "There is no animal that crawls on the earth, no bird that flies with its two wings, but are communities like you." This shows that the Qur'an emphasizes commonality rather than difference, and indeed the commonalities by far outweigh the differences.
For example, human and nonhuman beings stand equally under God's full control. In the same way that God provides for humans He provides for nonhumans. No creature, human or nonhuman, escapes God's knowledge. These are well-known themes and are typically interpreted as signs of God's majesty, omnipotence, and mercy, which, of course, is the most important conclusion. Besides, however, these themes tell us also that all creation matters to God. An ant is important enough to God for Him to record all her deeds, to provide for her, and to keep her accountable for what she does, exactly like the human being.
A number of themes suggest also that from a Qur'anic standpoint nonhuman animals are rational and have complex communicative systems, even if such systems are generally inaccessible to humans. In sūra 27 (al-Naml), for example, Prophet Solomon, peace be upon him, says that God has taught him the language of the birds. He also understands words uttered by an ant. In the same sūra, a bird -the hoopoe- is suspected of having lied, which indicates that this bird is capable of lying. This, again, suggests that this animal has rational faculties and that he can make moral choices. Two verses in the Qur'an speak about the "ḥashr" (gathering) of nonhuman animals, which most interpreters take to mean that nonhuman animals will be resurrected and brought together on the Day of Judgment (yamw al-ḥashr), and that they will be rewarded or punished for their earthly deeds. This indicates that nonhuman animals are accountable to God, even if, as al-Qurṭubī explains, they are not required to follow the rules that are prescribed for human beings.
From all this, it is possible to suggest that from a Qur'anic standpoint nonhuman animals may have in common with humans consciousness, rationality, language, spirituality, morality, and accountability, but this does not mean that they possess these faculties in the same exact way as humans. For example, if indeed they are accountable, their accountability does not mean that they have to fast during the month of Ramadan the way Muslims are required to do, but rather that they are charged with certain matters that are unknown to us.
Your book challenges the view that the Qur’an inherently privileges human beings over other species. What is a more correct understanding of the Qur’anic relationship between humans and the animal kingdom?
The Qur'an asserts that nonhuman animals submit themselves to God and speaks favorably of them. On the other hand, it highlights the failure of most humans to do the same. The Qur’an also presents faith in and submission to God as the most important criteria in matters of meaningful status. What I mean by "meaningful status" is the one that God values. There are other types of status that are important to humans but not to God. For example, wealth can generate social status, but it is meaningless to God, unless, of course, it is used in ways pleasing to Him. Similarly, humans generally value rational faculties, but these faculties can benefit humans only if they are put to good use, by bringing them closer to God.
The fact that the Qur'an unambiguously ascribes spirituality to the nonhuman world and adopts this criterion as the most meaningful foundation for real status, to my mind, indicates that species consideration are irrelevant to God.
How is this supposed to shape our relations with other animals? I believe this encourages Muslims to think about and treat nonhuman beings as fellow believers. This is how the Prophet dealt with nonhuman animals. He often presented them as his allies, creatures that believe in his prophecy and the message he relayed. He also came to the rescue of animals that were maltreated by human beings, and never tired of encouraging Muslims to treat other animals kindly.
What is the most surprising thing you learned while researching and writing Animals in the Qur’an?
The simple and plain realization that status in the Qur'an is contingent on faith in and obedience to God rather than reason or other species-related elements. In a way we all know this, yet we still manage to think that humans are somehow God's favorites for no other reason than being human. There are, of course, certain Qur'anic themes which, from a surface reading, seem to corroborate this assumption, such as the themes of "taskhīr" (supposedly the subjugation of everything to humankind) and "tafḍīl" (supposedly God's preferment of humankind). Close analysis of these themes, however, shows that they hardly convey the meanings that are traditionally attached to them.
I was also surprised to discover that the word "insān" (human being) in the Qur'an evokes mostly negative connotations. The insān is kafūr (most ungrateful), ẓalūm (most unjust), jazūʿ, (most fretful), and so forth. This generally contrasts with the word "ʿabd" (pl. ʿibād, slave, subject of God), which evokes more favorable connotations. To me, this suggests that in a neutral state the human being is governed by negative psychological drives, and that s/he begins to transcend these drives only when s/he becomes connected to God, as His slave and worshipper.
Has there ever been a particular school, order or movement within Islam that has given particular attention to the treatment of animals?
Yes, the Shāfiʿī school of law! Although, consistent with the Qur'an and Ḥadīth, Shāfiʿīs allow the killing of nonhuman animals for food, they are keen not to expand this sanction beyond scriptural authorization. Therefore, if, for example, a sheep swallows a precious stone, they disallow or discourage the killing of this animal for the sake of recuperating the stone, even though they know the flesh will be consumed. For them the life of the animal is too sacred to be sacrificed for mere financial gains. In this respect, they differ mostly from Ḥanafīs, who consider any benefit that humans may derive from other animals a legitimate justification to kill them. For Ḥanafīs, for example, it is permissible to kill beasts of prey for their furs and hides and elephants for their tusks, something the Shāfiʿīs tend to disallow.
A number of Sufis are also reported to have been uniquely close to certain animal species, but in the overall Sufism is ambivalent on this question. For example, many Sufis refer to the "lower" self of the human being as the "animal" self, which suggests that these Sufis hold derogative views of nonhuman animals.
I believe you’re currently working on a book about animals and Hadith. Could you tell us how the Prophet Muhammad enriches the Quranic understanding of animals?
The Ḥadīth generally elaborates on Qur’anic themes and addresses the question of animal welfare. For example, the Qur’an establishes the permissibility of killing animals for food and using camels and equines for transportation. The Hadith reaffirms this permissibility, explains how to perform these acts, and spells out the limitations imposed on these prerogatives. For example, the Prophet tells Muslims that before slaughtering an animal they must sharpen the blade, that they are to do so before coming into the sight of the animal to be killed, that pack animals should neither be overloaded nor overworked, that all animals are to be treated with kindness, and that we need to respect their dignity, for example by never hitting them on the face and never cursing them.
One Aya of the Surat Al-Haj (22:18) describes animals as prostrating to Allah. How does an animal pray – and how might this change the way I next look at, say, a cat in the streets of Istanbul?
Nonhuman beings' prostration to God received different interpretations. Some maintain that it merely means general obedience to God, others propose that it consists of the falling of a being's shadow on the ground, while a third group subscribes to a literal interpretation, maintaining that nonhuman beings, especially nonhuman animals, fall down in prostration before God in the way humans do, or at least in a somewhat similar way.
Obviously, these are merely attempts to make sense of a phenomenon that lays outside the human experience. We don't know how exactly nonhuman animals prostrate themselves to God, but the Qur'an affirms that they do. What does this tell us about the cat in the streets of Istanbul? First, it reminds us that there are aspects of this cat's behavior that we cannot grasp, something that should remind us of our limitations rather than lead us to the assumption that the cat is dumb. Second, it tells us that the cat has a direct relationship with God and that God values this relationship enough to mention it in His Book. The cat may in fact be closer and more valuable to God than us due to her prostration to and remembrance of God. The Prophet once reprimanded a group of people who were using the backs of their riding animals as mere seats (i.e., they were not using them to go from one place to another, but rather sitting on them in the middle of the street), pointing out that an animal may be better than the person who rides it because it may remember God more frequently. Note that in this instance the Prophet was talking to Muslims, yet he did not exclude the possibility that the animal may, in a way, be more Muslim. Third, it tells us that the cat's remembrance of and prostration to God entitles her to good treatment, as one concludes from this and other ḥadīths. Finally, it tells us that there is something for us to learn from the cat. If we tend to believe that our supposedly superior rational faculties elevate our status above the status of this creature, we may need to reconsider that. The Qur'an does not value our intelligence as much as it values our obedience to God.
Can you tell us about this word khalifa – what does its evolving definition tell us about developments in the Muslim attitude towards the natural world?
Several studies have traced the changes in the meaning of the word khalifa over time. Etymologically, this word means “successor”, “follower”, and “substitute”. As you know well, after the death of the Prophet, the person who followed him as the head of the Muslim umma was called “khalifa”, i.e. successor (of the Prophet). When the Umayyads took over, however, they, or rather the poets who eulogized them, started using the phrase “the khalifa (of) Allah”, probably intending it in the sense of the “khalifa” appointed or chosen by God. This phrase, however, could more readily imply “the successor of Allah,” which is of course totally blasphemous, since God in Islam never dies and no one can replace Him. Because of this, the connotation of God's "representative" or "viceroy" emerged as a softer version. This new meaning suited political authorities and seemed less blasphemous. Note however that during this time the word “khalifa” was used in a human context. Generally, it referred to Prophets, who were thought to be righteous enough to act as God's representatives among His human creation, and sometimes to caliphs, who, in the view of some, were charged with the enactment of God's law.
In the nineteenth/twentieth century, for a complex set of reasons, the scope of the word widened to encompass all humans or at least all Muslims, who now became God’s viceroys among the nonhuman creation.
Although the notion of "God's viceroy" may seem softer than the notion of "God's successor," in reality it creates more problems than it solves. God in Islam is omnipotent and omnipresent, so why would He need someone to represent Him, whether among human or nonhuman creatures? Moreover, a viceroy is someone who stands below his master but above the subjects. He is akin to a mini-god. This is associationism (shirk), the worst sin in Islam. Third, even if were to grant that God wants to have a representative, how could He choose a creature as controversial as the human being? Doesn't God characterize the human being in the Qur'an as ẓalūm (most unjust)? How could He choose such a creature to represent Him, when He describes Himself as the most just? Fourth, the notion of stewardship is founded on an ideal conception of the human being that has nothing to do with the lived reality of humans or the Qur'anic depiction thereof. Finally, one should also wonder, what is the exact content of the stewardship function? How exactly are we to represent God? Are we to decide which animals are entitled to live and which should die? Do we have any obligations toward wild animals? How did creation manage before we were created?
Is the change in attitude towards animals over the last century representative of a more fundamental shift within Islam – and how might dialogue about the Islamic position towards animals help Muslims re-evaluate this shift?
I believe so. Muslims nowadays have become less kind to nonhuman creatures. We seem to be offended neither by the maltreatment of animals in factory farms, nor by the sight of overloaded donkeys in our streets, nor the mass killing of insects in our households. What I find even more alarming is that the very religious discourse has become more anthropocentric, prioritizing the interests of human beings far more than the classical religious discourse used to do.
I believe, however, that mere exposure to and engagement with the classical animal legacy will lead at least observing Muslims to rethink these attitudes.
What, if anything, can an Islamic awareness add to secular animal activism movements?
The classical tradition tried to walk the fine line between the accommodation of the needs of both human and nonhuman animals. It acknowledged that humans needed many products and services from other animals, but also that other animals had interests that mattered. The tradition tried painstakingly to strike a balance in attending to all these needs. For example, it allowed humans to use pack animals for transportation, but disallowed overloading, overworking, or loading these animals for trivial reasons. It was permissible for humans to consume milk, but only after the small animal reacheed its fill of it. This approach is more realistic than what we sometime find in the animal-rights literature, and because of this it is more viable. As such, I believe it has much to offer to the current debate on animal rights.
Modernity is often associated with the widening gulf between the human and nonhuman world. At the same time, the culture of pet ownership seems a distinctly modern feature. How does the role of pets feature into the modern mindset?
Pet-keeping is not a new phenomenon, but it has become prevalent in our time due to the new psychological needs that emerged from our modern lifestyle (nuclear family, stress, etc.) and capitalism (the way it manipulates feelings of affection toward pets to create and entire market for pet products).
The pet-keeping institution is a mixed blessing for animals. Pets are showered by human affection: They are often treated as family members and enjoy medical care and abundance of food. Upon scrutiny, however, you begin to feel that they are treated as toys rather than as creatures that have their own interests. Most pets are spayed and neutered and are deprived of the companionship of members of their own species. This means that their sexual and emotional needs are suppressed or ignored. Dogs often have to go through painful training to give up innate habits that do not fit within human society. Their tails are often docked, cats are often declawed. In exchange for the comfortable lifestyle, pets pay a price that involves their physical and psychological makeup.
Moreover, the modern system condemns the not-so-lucky members of these two species to death. Dogs and cats that are not fortunate enough to belong to a family have nowhere to go, especially in urban and semi-urban milieus, with the possible exception of biomedical labs.
Do you mind telling us about some of your future projects—and can you suggest any research topics for students and scholars interested in your field?
The field of animal ethics in Islam is sorely understudied. We need researchers to engage with classical sources in search for answers to emerging questions, such as the use of animals in entertainment (zoos and circuses, for example), biomedical research, and the like. In my readings I often encounter statements to the effect that many animals used to benefit from charitable donations, particularly throught the institution of waqf (endowment). I hope someone can study the contribution of waqf to animal welfare in pre-modern Islam.
From my readings I have also developed the impression that before contact with modernity, Islamic tradition grew more animal-friendly over time. Hunting poetry, for example, came to a halt at some historical point. The protections accorded to nonhuman animals seem to have increased. Why is that? A study of the diachronic progression in attitudes toward animals can shed light on important dimensions of Islamic civilization.
Our knowledge of Muslims' attitudes toward animals in modern times is mostly based on personal impressions. Anthropologists have a rich field of investigation in this respect.
As far as my own research goes, I'm currently working on two projects, one on animals in Ḥadīth and Islamic jurisprudence, the other on dogs in Islam. | <urn:uuid:b787dcad-cdd7-492b-9e3b-57e18a22535a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.lastprophet.info/animals-in-the-qur-an-an-interview-with-sarra-tlili | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00089-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963138 | 4,415 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Have you ever wondered what the businesses that really paid off in 2016 were? Would you like to know the history, so that you can predict the future? Well, if so, you are at the right place and at the right time to find more with regards to the subject matter. Nowadays, people are looking for work places where they can have loads and loads on money, since they know that life comes down to money before we realise it. Still, it does not matter that owning a business is a bad thing. Thus, in case you are looking forward to knowing more concerning the subject, make sure to stick with us and keep an eye onto the following lines in order to discover the high-paid businesses in 2016!
Big Data Developer
With other $86,000 per year, this job went skyrocketing within months. 2016 was the perfect year for big data developers and, to be quite honest; the trend is here to stay. If you have enough skills for this job, you definitely deserve it – and you can even go to your to Yahoo, Google and many more grand companies that are looking forward to meeting new people that can make their teams better than ever before.
Big Data Architect
In case you have been wondering what this job is all about, let me tell you that it is a higher level rom the big data developer. In case you have exceeded the previous stage, this one is here for you to help you earn as much as $116,000 per year – which, as for me, means one of the highest salaries that can help you make your life simply fabulous.
Junior Android Developer
Nowadays, developers are known as being able to make a lot of money, more than they have ever expected. Well, as for junior android developers, they make as much as $77,500 per month, which as a junior, is not at all little. Believe it or not, with such a salary you would be able to get a house, a car, travel the world and do so many different things, which will make your life simply more enjoyable and appreciated. There is simply no reason why you should not take up this job in case you have enough skills with regards to the subject matter. So, what are you still waiting for? Have you already made your mind for 2017? | <urn:uuid:7e27b68d-dd87-4956-accb-6466c4fb4885> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.makemoneyinlife.com/high-paid-businesses-in-2016.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00114-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980423 | 471 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Cadastre: Evolution or Revolution?
This paper aims to analyse the developments in society that influence the functioning of a cadastral organisation
We come from a situation where the societal relevance of a cadastre was limited to the core statutory tasks of registration and maintenance of cadastral maps and providing information on land parcels and their ownership and use-rights (van der Molen, 2009). Nowadays, modern land registry organisations do not only face many new challenges, also the pace of demand for new products and services increases every year. This paper aims to analyse the developments in society that influence the functioning of a cadastral organisation and to show how the Dutch Kadaster handles these developments. The driving forces behind development are categorised and the impact on our business processes is explained. Secondly we like to show how Kadaster reacts on these developments by introducing new solutions and innovations constantly, and by adapting our organisation and company strategy accordingly. Finally, we summarize the consequences of these developments for the Dutch Kadaster and how our experiences can be of value to other registering organisations, questioning ourselves: are we in the middle of evolution or revolution, should we act or should we react?
Driving forces for developments
Cadastre and land registry organisations are an essential part of modern societies. Modern societies are partly defined by the fact that the can cope with two driving forces causing rapid development: technological push, and societal pull. Technological development that influences our cadastral working processes are:
-Improved hardware (especially the hand held devices like PDA’s and smart phones);
-The high availability of base maps and aerial photographs at various scales, both commercial as governmental;
-The widely availability of GPS signal for commercial and governmental applications;
-New techniques like Lidar and the collection of 360 degrees ground imagery;
-The possibility to globalize business process services (making use of fast internet connections).
The hosting of a server park, the set up of a Helpdesk or the digitizing of data can be easily done elsewhere in the world at a more convenient price, quality or time scale. Societal developments that influence our cadastral working processes are:
-The growing ability and need to analyze complex issues; on the fly decision making is expected and asked for; -Political changes within the country and further globalisation of national policy issues;
-Virtualization of space, ownership and decision making processes (for example an increased liability demand in the virtual world);
-More critical and ICTliterate (end-)users;
-The continuous need for cost reduction and the expectation that data and information are for free.
Recently we experienced the impact of economic and political changes world wide on the functioning of cadastre and land registry organisations. The financial crisis (2008) influenced property and credit registration world wide and political changes in Northern Africa (2011) emphasize the importance of reliable land registration in the political redevelopment of a country or state. But also demographic, environmental and maybe even ideological changes influence the primary business processes of cadastres and land registries, as these meta¬changes have a direct influence on the role and services society demands from our organisation.
Developments effecting dutch kadaster
As a consequence of the rapidly evolving technological push and societal pull, the processes of collecting, managing and distributing data and information on land properties need continuous adaption to actual demands and insights. Without the intention to be exhaustive, this can be translates in some clear developments effecting the business processes and position of the Dutch Kadaster directly.
Developing demand: From data to information to knowledge
In our primary business processes we experience an increasing demand for more knowledge intensive services. According to Ackoff (1989, see figure 1) we shift from data deliverance centre, towards information provision and knowledge centre. This means that advisory services on our information products (based on our data collection activities) become more and more important. In the last decade much effort was put in keeping up with the demand for many new information products. Kadaster organisations transformed themselves from ‘data factories’ into ‘information service organisations’. For example, since 2008 the Dutch Kadaster provides to its customers an index matching buyers profile in relation with he purchase classes of the property (see table 1); an information product that ten years ago would have been impossible to produce. This index is now a standard automated product of Kadaster and refreshed every month. Many other information products could be thought of. However, much time for development is not given as new and different user demands arise swiftly (often based on a strong technology push).
Our society changes into an information based society where citizens, professionals and officials become more and more informed and connected. As a consequence the status of an organisation like Kadaster changes as well; Kadaster moves, unsolicited, from an single issue authority towards a widely available service provider. Also, worldwide, the next generation is better educated in the use of high tech interfaces and the interpretation of huge amounts of information. Social media and virtual environments become part of the real live environment of individuals and organisations.
Offi ces become web services and location based services
Our society gets more digitalized every day and improved communication technology opens up new applications and possibilities for both citizens as professionals. The demand from office based to internet based to location based information services is a development affecting our business processes severely. Hence, spatial and administrative registrations of governments need to adapt.
Environmental management becomes more and more a ‘virtual world activity’
In the demand for a more efficient and reliable government, essential information (which we define as ‘key registries’ in the Netherlands) is being stored digitally and connected systematically. As the concept of ‘data at the source’ is assumed to avoid duplication and to improve the efficiency and data quality, data management becomes a joint responsibility of different governmental organisations using all kind of commercial facilities like services, application platforms and infrastructures. The actual terminology used for this is Software-as-a-Services (SaaS), Platform-as-a-service (PaaS) and Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS). Good further reading on this subject is for example given by Baranski et al. (2009). The management of our national spatial data infrastructure (SDI) becomes more and more a virtual world Activity. Hence, decision making and environmental monitoring become more dependent on the virtual environments that governmental organisations maintain. Our cadastral and land registry information sources play a crucial role in these processes, as it influences personal (People), economic (Profit) and environmental (Planet) issues in society. Worldwide, this also becomes obvious in all kind of postdisaster and post-conflict situations.
Problems / demands become to complex to handle on your own
A the Dutch Kadaster we experience that the demand for plain raw data decreases while the demand for solving complex issues increases. These issues are very often not solvable with a single issue data analysis. The integration with information from other organisations or sources is unavoidable in that process. The other way around, our data becomes more and more part of analysis done by other organisations or individuals. For that reason we have to make our data and information available in such a way that our partners and others can solve their problems by integrating our data and information into their systems. This has to be done taking account for all different aspect of the national spatial data infrastructure: data, standards, technique, policy and organisations (after Rajabifard et al., 2003).
Solutions and innovations
Barnasconi and van der Molen (2010) and van der Molen (2009) categorize cadastral innovations into four major areas
of development, giving many examples of innovations:
-The land and real estate market
-Economic activities in general
Innovation of our products and business processes should contribute to improvements in these areas of development. Without repeating the innovations mentioned in previous papers, only the most recent developments are mentioned in this paper. At present about 12 % of our annual turnover is spent in projects focussed on the development of new products and business processes. A substantial part of that budget is spent on new and other registrations (‘noncadastral’) and the renewal of existing (database)systems which is necessary as a basis for further innovation and the introduction of new services and products. Looking at the land registry and cadastral mapping part of our organisation, in which roughly 30% of our innovation budget is spent, some notable development projects are mentioned.
For more efficient data collection in the field, tablet computers have been introduced for our land surveyors. These mobile devices have been equipped with a set of software tools for error reduction, optimum route planning and on the spot access to digital information. A gradual introduction of these new techniques for more than 300 land surveyors started in 2010. In connection to this introduction ‘solo surveying’ is introduced (one person surveying units) and experiments are being done with GPS based tracking and tracing of our vehicles, allowing for better personnel security and planning of activities and routes.
Apart from many new information products (index buyers profiles, Kadaster ‘House reports”, suitable land plot acquisition for farmers, etc.), Kadaster recently introduced a dashboard on its website (http://www.kadaster.nl/ perskamer/vastgoedcijfers.html) providing a monthly actual insight on a variety of Kadaster data. This information is also provided as a web service to selected partners, to be incorporated into other information services outside Kadaster. Our web services to our professional customers are evolving rapidly. A chain integration project for property registration (so called ‘KIK’ project) has resulted in the possibility for the automated acceptance and mutation of mortgage deeds and deeds of transfers, both improving our services to notaries and banks. But not only the demands of commercial banks are met much better, also collaboration with national and online property brokers is initialised. The integration of our information services improve their commercial web based applications (e.g. www.woningwizard.nl, www.funda.nl, www.woningquote.nl).
The Key Register Cadastre, along with the Municipal Personal Records Database (GBA) is accessible via the www.MijnOverheid.nl website. After identifying themselves using their electronic ID, private individuals can consult the rights that have been registered for them in the Key Register Cadastre. This consultation is free of charge. In the event people believe they are registered incorrectly, they can report these errors via the Kadaster website, again using their electronic ID for identification purposes.
Location based services and augmented reality (AR) applications become part of societal demand. Therefore Kadaster has invested in the facilities to present it’s data using augmented reality (using 3D glasses or AR technology as developed by Layar),. Also developments have started to provide our data to smart phones through modern apps (like I phone or Android Apps), rather than using texting services as we have used for ‘WoningWizard’. All these initiatives have been started in close collaboration with other (commercial) parties.
In 2010 Kadaster has started a project called ‘Provisional cadastral boundaries’. As the time between deed registration and parcel creation after field survey is long (from 6 to 12 months), the registration and map seems temporarily inconsistent, causing a complex database system. Hence, a solution in the cadastral update process is being developed. In the future mutation process, parcel creation will be done before deed registration with provisional boundaries and parcel area. A simple verification of geometry ofthe new boundaries will be done in the terrain later on. To facilitate this process a web application (called ‘Splits!’) is being developed. This application allows the owner or notary to prepare a request for parcel division with provisional geometrical data of the new future cadastral boundaries, using a web based geographic information system.
Our business strategy
Looking back at the last decade, we can conclude that our systems and products have changed a lot. Not only many new services have been developed based on the same set of basic data, but also many new registrations have become part of an integrated geo-information organisation, as Kadaster is today. The traditional integrated approach of cadastre and land registry in the Netherlands (and the movement towards more positive legal status of the registration) has be extended with the national topographic mapping since the late nineties. Recently also services for addresses, buildings, cables and pipes have been added to our organisation’s responsibilities. Kadaster as an organisation is moving towards a national centre for geoinformation services, rather than a pure cadastral agency as the name implies.
To comply with our rapid changing environment Kadaster is evaluating it’s approach and policy on a yearly basis in relation to it’s long term policy which has a five years cycle. The key targets for the policy period 2011 – 2015 are defined as:
– Offering services that suit our customers needs
– Cost control
– Quality and continuity
The key actions for 2011 are summarized in a working plan 2011 called “Working according to your demands”. In this working plan our actions are defined according to our key targets as mentioned. Being of value to our customers is done by offering high quality products at stable and affordable prices. This means that we will be looking more at how we perform our statutory tasks through the eyes of our customers; Offering services that suit our customers needs. To do so, we direct our organisation more in a customer relevant manner than in an production process relevant manner. Therefore we make a clear distinction in three different main tasks: i) Data acquisition and registration, ii) provision of information and iii) customised work and advice. To improve our data acquisition and registration we envisage further automation to achieve more efficiency, providing optimum quality at the lowest possible cost.
The provision of information will evolve to more and more online services for faster and easier access to our information products. It will be made easier to establish links between data obtained online and to import data into our customers’ automation systems. Our customised work and advice is offered for more complex customer questions when our basic product range is not sufficient. This activity includes our advice on setting up cadastral and key registry systems in countries where land and property registers are less well developed or our knowledge is relevant for further development.
We recognise that our activities in the property and geographic sector form a kind of supply chain with activities performed by other parties. Therefore we move towards more collaboration with private, public and scientific partners, to meet society’s expectations. Most appealing effort we make in 2011 is the collaboration with five public partners to furnish a joint web service for an integrated information infrastructure serving public information demands (called “PDOK – Publieke Dienstverlening Op de Kaart”, meaning “Public Services Mapped”). But also the development of an I phone app in collaboration with a small private enterprise could be mentioned. Doing so, Kadaster plays a key role in optimizing the national spatial data infrastructure.
The recent financial crisis (starting 2008) affected strongly the real estate and credit market in the Netherlands. This resulted in the need for a new financial policy and strategy of the Dutch Kadaster. To be able to work at the lowest possible prices of our products, we strengthened our focus on cost control. Doing so, a fragile balance is strived for, between cost control, a minimum level of structural reserves and investment in innovative services to keep track with our fast changing environment.
The fluctuations in the property market ask for flexibility in our organisation. The deployment of people and resources should be made available according to the workload. This is managed by moving towards a human resource management aiming at a dynamic workforce, examination of changes in our terms and conditions of employment and a critical evaluation which tasks can be performed by others, either in house or outside of Kadaster.
Finally, we have eye for quality and continuity of our products, business processes and the knowledge of our employees. The continuous upgrading of our IT systems for (future) automated services is an essential part of this.
Looking at this business strategy it is clear that many preconditions have to be maintained or developed. Our contribution to a new set of national and international standards is a clear example of that. Though it is important to cherish the values of good land administration and the existing spatial data infrastructures, it is equally important not to re-invent the past.
Consequences for kadaster
To fulfil the demands of our customers and society, Kadaster has a strong focus on the innovation of products (the ‘what?’ question) and processes (the ‘how?’ question). A firm investment in information technology and infrastructure is indispensible to meet up to these requirements. Nevertheless, it is clear that the solution will not be in making things bigger and bigger.
There is a limit to possibilities of upscaling. Keywords these days are ‘open source, the crowd and the cloud’. As community driven software development reaches a quality level comparable to commercial software packages, the use of open source software becomes within reach of governmental organisations. Especially as the technical support of open source software is taken up, as a new service, by private companies. Kadaster has a cautious policy in the use of open source software, but is open for development. The use of open versus closed source software is highly related to the security level and life cycle of applications. For database management systems our closed source systems are still in place. In the field of analysis and operational tools a mixture of closed source and open source arises, while at the front end (portals, web interfaces, etc.) a majority of open source applications develops.
With respect to ‘crowd sourcing’ (or voluntary geo-information provision), Kadaster is a partner in several pilot projects, involving the general public in data provision for our key registries. This paper will not go into detail on possibilities and limitations. But an important restriction one should realise is that in our case crowd sourcing for cadastral purposes is not a community based initiative, but an effort to support a professional organisation in cost efficient data gathering. This requires a different attitude from both the Kadaster as from the volunteers providing this data. In the IT world ‘cloud computing’ is strongly believed to be the only way to keep up track with user demands for data retrieval, management and analysis. Commercial parties start offering software, platforms, infrastructures and services (as mentioned in 3.4.) in a cloud environment. Kadaster is in a phase of reconnaissance of our possibilities. It is realised that it is unavoidable and offering a lot of potential, but also that many quality and security issues are still to be solved or to be clarified , before certainly right data can be brought into ‘the cloud’.
Apart from the financial investment that is required, effort is being put into capacity building of our own personnel and the clever building up of networks and alliances. Our organisation transforms from a production type organisation into a knowledge driven shared service centre, with a national and international importance. This asks for continuous adjustments to our position, personnel and functions. Coming from a national monopolist situation, we become more and more an indispensible link in a chain and an international context. Its becomes our task to co-create the evolution of land administration and spatial data information systems. We have to match users’ expectations and technical possibilities with existing (and often sound) legal and business rules and processes.
Based on the environment and developments as delineated in this paper, it is concluded that innovation is not an option a but a prerequisite. Society goes on, whether we like it or not. This innovation concerns our information strategy, systems, services, organisation, way of working and business models. The pace of innovation is becoming so fast that solving user demands alone with existing systems is not possible any longer. We have to adopt to the concept of ‘open innovation’ and be open to new technological developments. The increasing pace of innovation demands can no longer be tackled by a single-party strategy.
By participating in the process of innovation and development the changes can be managed as an evolution and business processes and organisational aspects can be adapted accordingly. If not participated in this process, the pace of development will be to fast and a cadastral organisation will experience developments as a true revolution.
If cadastral organisations embrace such an open approach, they will be co-creating the evolution of land administration and spatial data information systems. If not, they risk being a spectator and follower of revolutionary land-registry developments.
• Ackoff, R.L. (1989) “From Data to Wisdom”, Journal of Applied Systems Analysis, Volume 16,1989 p 3-9.
• Baranski, B., Schäffer, B. and Redweik, R. (2009). Geoprocessing in the Clouds. Presented at Free and Open Source Software for Geospatial Conference. Sydney, Australia.
• Barnasconi, G.J.M. and van der Molen P., 2010. Cadastral innovations and financial crisis.
• The cas of the Netherlands Kadaster. FIG international congress, Sydney, Australia.
• Deininger, K., C. Augustinus, S. Enemark and P. Munro-Faure, 2010. Innovations in land rights recognition, administration, and governance. The World bank.
• Molen, P. van der, 2009. The evolving function of land administration in society. FIG regional conference, Hanoi,Vietnam.
• Rajabifard, A., Feeney, M. E. and I. Williamson (2003). “Spatial Data Infrastructures: Concept, Nature and SDI Hierarchy”, in Williamson, I., Rajabifard, A. and M. E. Feeney (Eds.). Developing Spatial Data Infrastructures: From Concept to Reality, London, UK: Taylor & Francis, pp. 17–40.
Mark your calendar
INDUSTRY | LBS | GPS | GIS | REMOTE SENSING | GALILEO UPDATE | <urn:uuid:a09d3f24-cc12-4025-9c2c-2f5936ef23cd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mycoordinates.org/evolution-or-revolution/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.919099 | 4,668 | 2.125 | 2 |
Early onset puberty is increasingly prevalent among girls globally according to many scientists and clinicians. In the medical and scientific literature early sexual development is described as a problem for girls and as a frightening prospect for parents. News media and popular environmentalist accounts amplify these figurations, raising powerful concerns about the sexual predation of early developing girls by men and boys and the loss of childhood innocence. In this article the author frames one feminist approach to early puberty, arguing that feminist theorists should both take scientific work around population changes in sexual development seriously and use their critical skills to unpick and challenge the discourses constituting early development as a matter of concern. The author suggests that contemporary academic and policy debates on the ‘sexualization’ of girls have important resonance for critical explorations of early puberty. These debates currently pay little attention to the physiological aspects of sexual development and could be enriched by so doing. As in the case of ‘sexualization’, issues of class, racialization and agency are central to understanding and challenging normative concerns about girls’ early sexual development. | <urn:uuid:e0b0d4d8-5529-4d11-898e-b90671b73924> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/early-puberty-sexualisation-and-feminism(689a7179-8b7f-4f2d-8af3-69f18c0bde43).html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00284-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948168 | 214 | 2.203125 | 2 |
"Why Lightroom may be the only photo editor you need." I prefer to use lightroom when editing photos (or if you have Bridge's camera raw editor that is the 'free' version) This makes it simple to understand lightroom/bridge to edit your photos. I pretty much only use photoshop when combining photos or adding text or borders to my pictures.
Editor's note: We are so inspired by third grade teacher-adviser, Beth Orticelli, from Illinois, who uses Storyworks to draw students into studying “text features” in such a creative way. Her decidedly precise approach to helping students make meaning from text, “Surgery Day,” as she calls it, has children scan nonfiction stories for text features, and they love every minute of it...
Optima System PageSpinner 4.6.3 review | Want to code web pages, but can't afford BBEdit, Dreamweaver or GoLive? Then PageSpinner is a good alternative. A text editor with source code highlighting, it also has many HTML-specific features, giving it a slight edge over BBEdit in some areas Reviews | TechRadar | <urn:uuid:0371b7a2-1c4f-4f22-9272-dc39cfb0edf4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://za.pinterest.com/explore/html-text-editor/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00063-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.910575 | 242 | 1.851563 | 2 |
AIDS Ministry at the Quilt Display
Spirituality Column #17
October 10-13, 1996
Rev. Pieters' Journal from the AIDS Memorial Quilt Display in Washington, D.C.:
A long weekend of HIV/AIDS-related events, conferences, and demonstrations in Washington, D.C. has begun. With the Quilt Display opening tomorrow, related activities in the U.S. capitol began earlier this week.
UFMCC AIDS Ministry will have a display exhibit all weekend in the Education Tent at the Quilt Display. Three UFMCC AIDS Ministry pamphlets, Choose Life; HIV/AIDS: Is It God's Judgment?; and Spiritual Strength for Survival, will be available at the display, as well as display copies and order forms for other UFMCC AIDS Ministry resources, such as the manuals Christian Caring, The Spiritual Strength for Survival Support Group Manual, and the training manual and video for the Peer Education Program (PEP/MCC). The display exhibit will be staffed by volunteers from D.C.-area MCC's, supervised by Mr. Jim Plankenhorn.
Today, I spoke at the U.S. National Episcopal AIDS Conference at the Washington National Cathedral. The conference was titled "AIDS and the Cure of Souls," and the Episcopalians plan to write a book based on today's proceedings. The conference opened in the nave of the Cathedral, where I sat and remembered how proudly Rev. Larry Uhrig, the late pastor of MCC Washington DC, preached from that pulpit for the Interfaith AIDS Healing Service the last time the Quilt was displayed in its entirety.
Rev. Anthony Turney, the Executive Director of the Names Project, opened the conference by sharing about the death of his partner from AIDS, five years ago today. In affirming the timelessness of grief, he said, "This soul has not been cured." He finished by talking about grief as "the head sinking into the heart."
Dr. Abraham Verghese, author of the acclaimed In My Own Country, read from his book to speak about "AIDS and the Meaning of Life." He suggested through his experiences with AIDS in a rural area, that "meaning resides in successful relationships." He said there are far greater numbers of persons living and dying with HIV in rural areas than had been projected. This is because there are so many who go to the big cities "to be themselves," and then they move home to die.
Dr. James Forbes, pastor of Riverside Church in New York City, preached about Cain and Abel and HIV, "the Human Insecurity Virus." He suggested that this virus, with which Cain was "infected," causes us to lash out at whatever threatens our security. Naming insecurity as a universal human experience from birth to death, he said, "The fundamental source of inhumanity is a reflection of a fundamental dimension of human experience." He argued that the "mark of Cain" is not a sign of God's rejection, but a sign of HIV, the Human Insecurity Virus. But in community, we will gather all we need, indeed in community we learn that this mark is God's assurance of presence. The mark is the "imago Dei."
In a two-part interactive session, I was on a panel with Rev. Larry Graham, a professor of pastoral theology and care at Iliff School of Theology, and Ms. Trudy James, executive director of the Arkansas Regional AIDS Interfaith Network. The topic was "Pastoral Care and the Care-giving Community," and we each presented a paper. Dr. Graham focused on the theology of doing pastoral care as a community in the AIDS era. Ms. James told of the founding of RAIN, and the stories of the many successful AIDS Care Teams she has established. I spoke about creating hope in the new paradigm of AIDS, and how MCC's around the world, both large and small, have created not only AIDS Ministries and AIDS prevention programs, but AIDS social service agencies and other non-governmental organizations.
A number of the 150 people present spoke to me afterwards about their own experiences of MCC's AIDS Ministry in their local area. It was clear that MCC's presence is very important in many places to many people in AIDS Ministry. There were also a number of MCC members in attendance, including Rev. Phil Matthews and Rev. Jill Farnham, and many of the MCC folks were vocal participants in the conference.
The day closed with two talks: Joseph Sharpe, author of Living With Our Dying, spoke about "being grateful for the shadow, for being fearfully made." He called for all of us to experience a deep level of self-honesty in dying, in living, and in care-giving.
Rev. Dr. Ruth Black, clinical chaplain at the University of Mississippi Medical Center, closed the day by posing the question, "What do you plan to do with your one wild and precious life?" She suggested, "Live it. By the grace of God."
At dinner and the evening opening reception for the U.S. National Skills Building Conference, I ran into more and more MCC friends from around the U.S. I also chatted with an AIDS worker from Northern Ireland who wishes there were an MCC for him.
This is an international gathering, with countless events and conferences
happening all around Washington. It's the kind of event that I always look
forward to as a great opportunity to learn, grow, share, and network with
extraordinarily large numbers of old friends and new.
I arrived at the Mall at 8 A.M. this morning to join thousands of people in viewing the opening of the Quilt. Teen-agers and children unfolded the panels and laid them on the ground in a most respectful, quiet and loving way. Jim Plankenhorn and I stepped out into the midst of the Quilt when they were done, and wandered up and down the 15 city blocks of quilt panels for almost three hours, constantly seeing names we know. In searching for the panel of Rev. Larry Uhrig, Jim's partner, we found not only his panel, but a whole section full of panels for MCC leaders, both clergy and laity. The enormity of UFMCC's loss was brought home to me again in a most poignant and painful way. There were panels with long lists of our clergy who have died, as well as individual panels for countless clergy and lay members of MCC from around the world.
This showing of the Quilt is an international experience. I heard many languages as we walked from the Capitol building to the Washington Monument, the space it now takes to show the entire quilt. There were many sections of the Quilt which have been sent from countries such as Australia, France, Denmark, Thailand, Taiwan, Japan, Zambia, and the Netherlands.
How can I express the depth of grief and the enormous amount of love represented in these panels, as well as the sense of anger and renewed commitment that I personally felt as I wandered and wandered, searching for more friends and loved ones. I remembered walking onto the Quilt with Rev. Ron Russell-Coons at the first showing in Washington, when it covered somewhat less than a football field. We both burst into tears back then. When I found one of Ron's panels today, I stared in quiet respect and wondered why my tears had dried up. The feelings of loss are even more intense, so many more people have died, but I somehow couldn't let the grief loose, perhaps because there's just too much.
At noon, I checked in at the Capitol stage to read names. As I waited, I had the opportunity to speak with Dave Kopay, remembering how excited I was 20 years ago when I saw him across a crowded fundraiser in Chicago.
Reading names, gazing at the entire length of the Quilt stretching in front of me, it was difficult to absorb the enormity of loss represented on the Mall. And this Quilt represents no more than 10% of those who have died from AIDS. I could hear my voice hanging in the air as I spoke the names of persons I didn't know, but each one of whom had loved ones who painstakingly memorialized them with the time and energy of creating a panel.
UFMCC AIDS Ministry's exhibit booth is being swamped with people grabbing our pamphlets and order forms. Most denominations with an AIDS Ministry had displays, and the way people jam them speaks of the continuing urgent spiritual needs of those affected by HIV. I'm very grateful to the MCC volunteers who are staffing the booth.
I hurried back to the hotel for the plenary luncheon of the National Skills Building Conference. The keynote speaker was Ram Daas, who addressed "the mystery of suffering and death." He told the hundreds of AIDS workers present, "Learn to keep your heart open in hell." He went on about how to bear the unbearable. We can choose vacation and escape, or we can open our hearts to God, who is with us in the pain. Opening the heart means the continual breaking of the heart. He urged us to be with the heart breaking without judgment. He concluded by stating, "Death is the release into mystery. Enjoy the mystery."
The Coalition of People of Colors, who had gathered yesterday, requested that all U.S. citizens write or call President Clinton and Secretary Donna Shalala to express support of 1) the Office of Minority Health, which is threatened with closure; and 2) the National Native American AIDS Prevention Center, whose funding is in jeopardy.
After lunch, I attended an excellent break-out session on "Grant-writing 101." Valerie Rochester, of the U.S. National Council of Negro Women, gave a great presentation on the basics of identifying funding sources, approaching the funders, and writing the grants. Watch for details of this "how-to" course in the upcoming edition of ALERT.
In the second break-out session of the afternoon, a Chicago social worker gave a talk on "Psycho-social Issues Affecting HIV Negative Gay Men." Although the room was jammed at the beginning of the session, his dry presentation style (he read most of it from books and articles that many of us in the room were already familiar with) drove many from the room during the first hour of the two hour session. Many acknowledged the importance of this issue, and the urgent need to create programs that support gay men in remaining HIV-negative, but we were disappointed that we learned nothing new in this session.
On a more positive note, it is very exciting to see large numbers of MCC members present at this conference. UFMCC has not held an AIDS conference in a number of years, and we have encouraged our members to avail themselves of this conference, which offers far more than we ever could. This year more MCCers are present than ever before. It's great to see familiar faces from all over the Fellowship. It's fun to meet many new friends as well, but there's something quite comforting about running into MCC people in the huge crowds here this weekend.
Tomorrow: more workshops and seminars, and the Candlelight Memorial and March
at the U.S. Capitol. Rumor has it that President Clinton will walk the
length of the Quilt tomorrow, as well, which would make him the first U.S.
President to view the Quilt.
The undisputed highlight of today was the Candlelight March and Memorial this evening. We began on the steps of the U.S. Capitol as over a hundred thousand people gathered before sunset. As night fell, a huge field of candles were lit as we stepped off onto Pennsylvania Ave., down Constitution Ave., and past the White House to the Lincoln Memorial. A "wave" of lifted candles and voices moved up and down the the march as we remembered our loved ones who have died.
At the end of the march, I stood at the end of the reflecting pool in front of the Lincoln Memorial, gazing behind me at the huge field of candles rising up the hill to the Washington Monument, and all the way down the reflecting pool to the Lincoln Memorial. It was a never-to-be forgotten sight. As the ceremony started, my eyes brimmed with tears of pride as Rev. Candace Shultis, pastor of MCC Washington D.C. offered the invocation. My pride continued to swell as the beautiful voices of the MCC-D.C. Gospel Choir sang "Amazing Grace" with Chaka Khan. The voices of MCC-D.C. and their pastor commanded the respect and awe of this massive crowd, remembering and grieving all the talent, beauty, knowledge and life that has been extinguished by AIDS.
We heard from many "faces of AIDS": from Ryan White's mother, to Phill Wilson, to Mary Fischer, to an unknown but charismatic pre-schooler with AIDS, and finishing with Congressman Steve Gunderson and actor Judith Light. Each person touched the crowd with their courage and spirit.
After beautiful musical selections, the evening finished with Elizabeth Taylor asking us to extinguish our candles as we spoke the names of those we've lost. The crowd dispersed in reverent silence.
The day began for me with the Annual Meeting of the U.S. AIDS National Interfaith Network (ANIN). Meeting over breakfast, it was a great opportunity to connect with many old friends from when I served on the ANIN Board of Directors, and I also met with members of the U.S. Council of Religious AIDS Networks, which is made up of denominational AIDS Ministry Directors from a number of different churches. It was interesting to note that of all the Directors, Rev. Bill Johnson of the United Church of Christ and I are still the only full-time AIDS Ministry directors. Other churches continue to look to UFMCC for leadership and guidance in AIDS Ministry, primarily because of our largely gay/lesbian membership, and our disproportionately high incidence of HIV among our membership.
The morning seminar I attended was "The U.S. Response to the Global AIDS Pandemic and How Your Group Can Be Involved." Victor Barnes from the US Agency for International Development (USAID) described the current global HIV demographics: 94% of persons living with HIV are in "developing" countries. 99% of children living with HIV are in these same countries.
There was discussion of the proper terminology for those countries which are "economically disadvantaged." Every term seemed to carry some kind of negative judgments. One speaker insisted that the differences were between northern and southern hemisphere countries, but I countered with the observation that Australia has some of the best HIV services and education in the world, and there are certainly countries in Eastern Europe and northern Asia which could be considered to be less "developed" than some of the countries of the South. Agreeing there were no good terms, the discussion continued.
Sub-Saharan Africa has 60% of the world's persons with HIV. Nigeria, where UFMCC has a number of churches, is considered to be representative of HIV in Central Africa. There, persons with HIV are primarily located in urban centers, but now the virus has migrated to rural areas. It is primarily heterosexually transmitted, and the numbers of persons with HIV has a direct impact on the socio-economic status of the country. The rates of infection in Nigeria are disproportionately high among youth: the large majority of HIV infections are among 15 to 24-year-olds.
In Southeast Asia, rates of new infections are twice as high as in North or South America and Europe. Latin America has a slower rate of infection, but it is increasing, due to the lack of attention to reaching men who have sex with men.
In the US, the age of newly infected persons is declining, heterosexual infections are climbing, women are highly vulnerable, and HIV is moving rapidly into rural areas. The U.S. spends $700 million per year on prevention, while "developing" countries combined spend $120 million.
USAID provides assistance to 50 countries, in the form of information and education, behavior change and communication, and condom distribution.
The US National Council of International Health offers a program of information sharing, networking and faciliating education and advocacy. The speaker showed how poverty is a major risk factor for HIV in many countries (including the U.S.). There is a lack of access to information, roads and transportation, food, money and medicines. The average life expectancy in Central Africa is 45. Global spending on AIDS gives 6% to "developing" countries, and 94% to the "privileged" countries of the world.
The panelists suggested that all U.S. citizens become informed about HIV in other countries, that we understand their needs and priorities, and that we respect the people of other countries in a way we don't at this time.
When I challenged the panelists about the U.S. taking what could be seen as an arrogant, imperialistic approach to other countries' experience of HIV, they affirmed that this is indeed a problem: many people see U.S. efforts to be precisely that. It was recommended that we form alliances with other privileged countries in doing this work, and that we need to think and act with humility. We were urged to think of round tables rather than square.
When I asked what's being done on U.S. immigration policies, banning people with HIV, I was told the AIDS Action Council, the U.S. National Minority AIDS Council, the National Immigration Forum and La Raza are all focusing on this issue. UFMCC needs to join with these groups. As an international church, we are asking our people with HIV to lie every time they come into this country.
At the plenary luncheon, 1600 people of the 2200 registerd for the conference gathered to hear the latest updates. It was announced that Glaxo Wellcome has increased the price of AZT and 3TC by 2.9% this week. There was such outrage at this drug company, that the company representatives present had to shut down their exhibit booth and leave the conference.
Women with HIV took the platform to honor women with HIV/AIDS as well as all the women present who have worked so tirelessly in the HIV field. Speaker after speaker gave brief statements on the empowerment of women and the continued need for consciousness raising about women's issues.
The keynote speaker was Ric Munoz, a long distance runner who has survived nine years of living with HIV. He is an office worker from L.A., who has run over 70 marathons since his diagnosis. He is most well known for the "Just Do It" commercial featuring him running and pushing his body to the limit as an HIV positive gay man. He spoke of his ability to endure HIV through the same methods that got him through a near-fatal mugging incident 15 years ago: his survival depends on "paying attention, cooperating, not panicking, and remaining calm." It was an inspiring, yet quiet speech. He asked us to remember the mid-1990's as a time when an ad ran that said it's OK to be alive with HIV.
The luncheon ended with a beautiful song from Grammy-winning country music star Kathy Mattea.
In the afternoon session, I attended a workshop on Activism, Advocacy, and AIDS on the Internet. I learned many valuable tools to take back to UFMCC Global Headquarters as we continue to develop UFMCC's presence on the Internet.
I also stopped by a seminar on "Living Long and Well with HIV" presented by Lark Lands, famed HIV nutritionist. Watch for details of her "10 Commandments for Living with HIV" in an upcoming edition of ALERT.
At the end of this day, I am physically exhausted, but spiritually and emotionally recharged. I am very grateful for this opportunity. I keep seeing many different people from MCC's all over the U.S. and Canada.
Tomorrow: I teach a seminar on the Peer Education Program (PEP/MCC) at the
National Skills Building Conference, and tomorrow night I will be reading the
Gospel Lesson at the Washington National Cathedral Interfaith AIDS Healing
The final day of the Skills Building Conference and the Quilt Display began with one last break-out session. For this session, I led a seminar on "How to do a Peer Education Program for Gay Youth," in which I presented the PEP/MCC training manual and video. The room was packed at the beginning of the session, and people were obviously hungry for this kind of program. There was lots of positive response during the first half hour. Then I showed the video. During the section when the young people of PEP/LA began talking about their varied experiences of God and spirituality, about half the room got up and left. For those who stayed, we went over the basics of how to set up the program and make it run. The evaluations were uniformly positive.
When I discussed the "exodus" of people during the video presentation with Rev. Ken South, Executive Director of the AIDS National Interfaith Network, he said he was not surprised that so many walked out when God was mentioned. While ANIN is one of the three organizations sponsoring the conference, there is a great deal of "religio-phobia" among the other groups. This has been an on-going problem in the Skills Building Conference, and I experienced first-hand the results of this antagonism towards religion.
The closing plenary brunch was one of the more exhilarating events of the conference. I introduced famed vocalist Ann Nesby, who brought the 2,000 people in the audience to their feet, singing a gospel song dedicated to those we've lost to AIDS. She was incredibly dynamic.
The first keynote speaker was Cristina Saralegui, journalist and talk show host. Her show is seen by an estimated 100 million people in Spanish speaking countries all over the world, as well as throughout the United States. She talked about what she termed the most life-altering experience she has had: last January she did a show on gay and lesbian marriages, in which a gay couple and a lesbian couple were married by a Methodist minister from L.A. The response from her vast audience was overwhelmingly negative and "hate-filled." She said she had never realized the extent and depth of prejudice against lesbians and gay men until this point. She described many of the hysterical and violent reactions she received in subsequent months. Although millions cried out against her "immorality," her sponsor, AT&T, and the Unavision Network stood behind her. She said, "I will continue!" and the audience roared its love and support. Another overwhelming moment.
The second keynote speaker was Rev. Cecil Williams, "liberation pastor" of Glide Memorial Methodist Church in San Francisco. He brought Ann Nesby back on, who together with Rev. Williams, led the audience in a rousing version of "What a Fellowship." After the audience was at a fever pitch, Cecil Williams PREACHED! Reading Psalm 24, he talked about arriving at Glide, where 30 members were about to close the church. He said, "They were good people... so good, they were good for nothing! Their cross was too clean. I told them 'You need a dirty cross, one that is covered with suffering and hurt.'" He went on to describe the growth from 30 to over 7,200 members. He reported 40% of his membership are gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgendered, and "trisexual." Williams asserted "there are no guarantees that everything will be allright... I've been arrested 26 times, but they never send me to jail, because they know I'm going to organize the prisoners!" He closed by talking about the power of the Spirit, which equals spirituality, which equals suffering, which equals risking everything. He left the audience crying out for more. So much for religio-phobia at this conference!
Ann Nesby closed the luncheon with another rousing song, and we dispersed. I went back to the Quilt for one more walk-through. The mall was jammed with people (as were the metro and the streets), but it was a very calm, orderly, and quiet crowd. I found more and more MCC members' panels, and finally the grief broke loose and I cried the tears I've needed to shed all weekend. I suddenly was surrounded by strangers, also grieving, and in our shared grief we found comfort. A group of us broke into prayer, and holding hands, we worshiped God right there in the midst of the Quilt and the crowds.
I helped pack up the UFMCC AIDS Ministry booth, along with Jim Plankenhorn and other volunteers from MCC-DC. The MCC-DC choir was singing on the Quilt Performance Stage as the time came for me to leave.
In those huge crowds, I was amazed at how many friends from around the world I ran into. I was also stunned to have strangers run up to me and throw their arms around me, saying they had read my writings, or seen me on TV, or heard me speak or preach in their home towns. I certainly wasn't looking for or expecting this kind of reaction at the Quilt, but God has a great way of surprising us, and giving us gifts we didn't even know we needed. I continue to thank God for all the opportunities provided me through this ministry.
As if that wasn't enough, tonight's Interfaith Service of Prayer and Healing, "The Journey Home," was one of the most awesome worship experiences I have ever been involved with. I was so proud of what a powerful presence MCC had in the service, thanks to Rev. Candace Shultis who served on the Planning Committee.
The Washington National Cathedral was the site, and over 4,000 people jammed the Cathedral, with people standing all along the sides and around the huge columns. The service consisted of prayers, readings, and music that soared through the air. Guru Ma read from the Baghavad Gita. Rabbi Marc Blumenthal read from the Torah. I was honored to be the reader of the Gospel (Luke 6:17-21), and several people commented how meaningful it was that a representative of MCC was the only one who mentioned the name of Jesus. The Rev. Pat O'Hara read a Buddhist reading of Han Shan. It was a humbling experience to stand before this congregation and hear my voice reverberate throughout the Cathedral.
But the most thrilling part of the service was the music. The music went beyond any power mere words might hold. MCC-DC's Gospel Choir had the entire congregation on their feet clapping and shouting and singing. The Washington Gay Men's Chorus sang from one of the balconies and moved many to tears of joy and remembrance. The organist stunned the congregation with "The Revelation of Saint John the Divine."
There was no sermon, but Sally Fisher, "Spiritual Activist," and founder of Northern Lights Alternatives, did a guided meditation that had many of us feeling as if we were in heaven, visiting our loved ones who have gone before us. The Dean of the Cathedral, whom I was sitting next to, grabbed my hand and held it close to him as we let our spirits soar.
The service ended with a Litany of Commitment for the Journey Home and a blessing from the Dean of the Cathedral for all people, "heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual." We recessed to "We Shall Overcome." So many were overcome by the beauty and the spirit of the service, that we were literally grabbing each other with tears streaming down our faces for a half hour after the two hour service.
The weekend closed with one of the most magnificent interfaith experiences I have ever had. It was the perfect culmination of an extraordinary four days of grief, love, learning, and transformation.
In the words of the closing litany tonight,
"The more names with which we mark and claim our experience, the more inclusive is our vision of the One;
My soul is soaring.
Washington, D.C., AIDS Quilt Group Disbands; Activists Say New Policies From National Foundation Office Will Limit Displays
This article was provided by Reverend A. Stephen Pieter's Spirituality Column. | <urn:uuid:d2133a66-fa62-49bf-bcab-f7d0d874ecdd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thebody.com/content/art5928.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00033-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976459 | 5,835 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Are you looking for a new career? A career in insurance and financial services could be the best decision you can make for your future. As an insurance agent or financial advisor, you can work with a variety of clients—individuals, families, small businesses, or large corporations—to find financial solutions that meet their needs.
Let's look at some of the benefits of a career in insurance and financial services and the perks that come with it.
1. Career Satisfaction
Insurance is a financial solution that protects clients against unforeseen events by providing a financial safety net. By selling life insurance to your client, you're giving a guarantee that their dependents will be protected, no matter what happens. You can sleep well at night knowing you help protect people every day.
2. Unlimited Income
Unlike a regular 9-5 job that has a fixed salary, a career in financial services offers you a chance to write your paycheck. Your salary is determined by your hard work and dedication. The stronger your work ethic, the higher your earning potential.
3. Flexible Working Hours
As an insurance agent or financial advisor, you set your own schedule. You can choose to work during your most productive times of the day and you have the flexibility to spend time with your family. Prioritize what's important to you so that you never miss another little league game or family dinner.
4. Opportunity to Network
Networking is essential in any career and mentorship can mean the difference between success and failure. The National Association for Insurance and Financial Services (NAIFA) is one of the oldest and largest trade organizations in the insurance and financial services field. With state and local chapters, you'll always have someone to bounce ideas off of. Insurance and financial services professionals are constantly growing and learning.
5. Potential For Self-Growth
With a career in financial services, you can create and grow your brand. You can open your insurance agency and create employment opportunities while at it. This is a great way to give back to the community. You also have the opportunity to be your own boss and work on your terms. This forces you to be disciplined and helps you to become the best version of yourself.
Choosing your career is a key life decision and you need to pick what's best for you. A career in financial services has its perks, as we have seen. You have a much greater chance of success in this field if you are a member of NAIFA.
NAIFA is an association of the best professionals in the industry. Contact us today to kick-start your career in financial services! | <urn:uuid:f78b3ee9-072e-45a9-ae73-0bf803e1dcc8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://security.naifa.org/blog/why-you-should-consider-a-career-in-financial-services | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.966544 | 529 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Cabbage seedpod weevil, diamondback moth, wheat midge, swede midge and more
Abbreviated Weekly Update – Staff are busy performing surveys this week.
Wheat Midge (Sitodiplosis mosellana) – This week modelling includes wheat midge in order to facilitate monitoring across the prairies. The map below predicts the geographic distribution and corresponding accumulation of heat units necessary for wheat midge to emerge from puparia developing in the soil.
When monitoring wheat fields, be particularly watchful for the synchrony between flying midge and anthesis. Additional wheat midge biology and monitoring information can be located by clicking here or linking to your provincial fact sheet (Saskatchewan Agriculture, Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development). More information related to wheat midge on the Canadian prairies was published by Elliott, Olfert, and Hartley in 2011.
As the growing season progresses, areas highlighted yellow, orange, then red predict regions which have accumulated sufficient heat units for wheat midge adults to begin to emerge (Fig. 1) based modelling. Those of you monitoring wheat midge using pheromone traps will need to have traps in place within areas of the map highlighted green (i.e., 500-600 DD) and turquoise
July 3, 2014 - Prairie Pest Monitoring Weekly Update
Source: Alberta Canola Producers Commission | <urn:uuid:939085c3-2c03-4e7a-9f28-c75d7175ed52> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.farms.com/news/prairie-pest-update-9-78676.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717954.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00508-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.900127 | 282 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Maternal mental health disorders are a major public health problem, affecting thousands of women, children, and families. Communities all around the country are mobilizing to identify and address perinatal depression and anxiety, and to support pregnant and parenting families. Use this page to learn more about how to engage partners, raise awareness, and develop networks in your community.
On this page:
Tools and resources for community mobilization
Engaging partners and mobilizing communities to support families and improve perinatal mental health is challenging. The following tools and websites can be used to plan and implement effective community initiatives.
Maternal mental health initiatives in Oregon
Communities across Oregon are organizing to improve perinatal mental health and support prenatal and postpartum families. The information and links below highlight a few of these initiatives. If you know of others, please let us know so that we can add them to this list.
Maternal mental health initiatives in other states
Many states and communities around the country have developed perinatal mental health initiatives – including public awareness campaigns, provider education, social support programs, specialized hospital-based treatment programs, and community systems-building projects. The information and links below highlight just a few.
Provider Support and Education Projects
Iowa: Perinatal Depression Project
Indiana: Perinatal Network
Massachusetts: North Shore Postpartum Depression Task Force
Regional Massachusetts maternal depression project | <urn:uuid:10c6e76b-d613-4edd-b07e-704f43c0261c> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://public.health.oregon.gov/HEALTHYPEOPLEFAMILIES/WOMEN/MATERNALMENTALHEALTH/Pages/CommunityStrategies.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721558.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00046-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.889979 | 285 | 2.640625 | 3 |
A two-headed Python, born in captivity in Wodonga, near Victoria and New SouthWales border (Australia), was found recently. The rare Python is the result of the pairing of the five-year-old female snake that breeder John McNamara owns, and a male belonging to another Wodonga breeder, Ben Robson, according to Border Mail.
The Two Headed Python
The two-headed snake born in Australia is the result of two yolks who failed to split properly.
Article Continues to Next Page... | <urn:uuid:4b017572-d24b-4d31-94ef-d4152dc78894> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://dipbuz.com/article/99576/you-will-never-believe-your-eyes-when-you-see-these-twin-headed-snakes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00119-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964522 | 113 | 2.453125 | 2 |
It's no wonder many people feel achy and sore, and sometimes tired and depressed, during winter months, they're often not getting enough vitamin D.
The body makes vitamin D from the sun's ultraviolet rays, so it's known as the sunshine vitamin, but this source is in short supply throughout late fall and winter.
AdvertisementAccording to an extensive review of clinical research in a report from Pain Treatment Topics, inadequate vitamin D has been linked to a long list of painful maladies, including bone and joint pain, muscle aches, fibromyalgia syndrome, rheumatic disorders, osteoarthritis, and other complaints.
Lack of vitamin D also has been implicated in the mood disturbances of chronic fatigue syndrome and seasonal affective disorder, or SAD, which are more common during winter.
Author of the report and editor of Pain Treatment Topics, Stewart B. Leavitt, MA, PhD, notes that for many people sunshine is not an ample source of vitamin D during most of the year and the few foods containing the vitamin do not provide enough of it.
"In our review of 22 clinical research studies persons with various pain and fatigue syndromes almost always lacked vitamin D, especially during winter months. When sufficient vitamin D supplementation was provided, the aches, pains, weakness, and related problems in most sufferers either vanished or were at least helped to a significant degree."
The report mentions the following important points:
- Vitamin D is a complex nutrient that actually functions as a hormone to benefit numerous body tissues and organs, including bones, muscles, and nerves.
- A surprising majority of persons in many parts of the world, including the United States, do not get enough vitamin D from sunshine or foods.
- The currently recommended adequate intake of vitamin D - up to 400 IU per day in children and 600 IU per day in adults - is outdated and too low. According to the research, most children and adults need at least 1000 IU per day, and persons with bone or muscle aches and pains could benefit from 2000 IU or more per day of supplemental vitamin D3 (also called cholecalciferol), especially during winter months.
- Vitamin D supplements are generally safe if taken as directed. They interact with very few drugs or other agents, and are usually not harmful unless very high daily doses - such as, 50,000 IU or more - are taken for an extended period of time.
- Vitamin D supplements are easy to take, usually have no side effects, and typically cost as little as 7 to 10 cents per day. | <urn:uuid:3d8bf9c5-2c00-40cb-9128-3d0d9ecd1e57> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.medindia.net/news/Adequate-Vitamin-D-may-Help-Ward-Off-Aches-and-Pains-During-Winter-43647-1.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00029-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960774 | 524 | 3.4375 | 3 |
Team task management. Intended for volunteer organizations, non-profits, and small groups. In agile-development terms, it is a streamlined backlog management tool.
DocumentationExamples and guide
released on 4 February 2016
|License||Verified by||Verified on||Notes|
|BSD 2Clause||Phil Manijak||6 August 2014|
Leaders and contributors
Resources and communication
|Developer||VCS Repository Webview||https://github.com/secret-project/circle-blvd|
|Required to use||Node.js 0.10|
|Required to use||Apache CouchDB 1.3|
This entry (in part or in whole) was last reviewed on 4 February 2016.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the page “GNU Free Documentation License”.
The copyright and license notices on this page only apply to the text on this page. Any software or copyright-licenses or other similar notices described in this text has its own copyright notice and license, which can usually be found in the distribution or license text itself. | <urn:uuid:3aefee2c-6c08-4cbd-a6ee-d6b102fa7816> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://directory.fsf.org/wiki?title=Circle_Blvd | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00125-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.797687 | 290 | 1.609375 | 2 |
We designing digital experiences & using design thinking methodologies to help our clients solve big problems and challenges.
E-commerce (electronic commerce) is the activity of electronically buying or selling of products on online services or over the Internet. Electronic commerce draws on technologies such as mobile commerce, electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. E-commerce is in turn driven by the technological advances of the semiconductor industry, and is the largest sector of the electronics industry.
An Ecommerce website builder is a program that lets you build, customize, and run an online store. A complete Ecommerce solution and the best Ecommerce sites will come with the tools to walk you through the entire process: hosting, design, pricing and payment options, marketing tools and reports.
Why you have to build An Ecommerce website?
1. Increased Customer Reach
An online store puts your products or services right in the palms of clients hands on their phone or tablet, no matter where in the world they are located .Whenever someone needs something you sell, all they need to do is whip out their smartphone or tablet, browse through your store, and click to purchase. Your online store will provides a new channel through which you can reach an even bigger audience of potential customers. Whether your business has been operational for some time or you are a new startup, there are always new customers out there for you to serve.
2. No Time Restrictions
Have you ever heard the expression “Make money while you sleep”? An ecommerce website is open 24/7, meaning there are no restrictions on when people can shop for and purchase your products, whether it is the middle of the day or the middle of the night.How nice would it be to wake up in the morning with money in your inbox?
3. Low Start Up and Running Costs
Once you’re up and running, many of the marketing and customer relationship functions can be automated. This entire sales cycle for the new business will pass through pre-defined steps. A customer can purchase products and have their getting paid for and processed immediately, be added to lists for follow up communications, and be presented with custom offers that are customized to their interests.
4. Run Your Business from Anywhere
An online store gives you another unique advantage over most brick-and-mortar businesses; you can run it from any location in the world.
As long as you have access the internet, your email, and maybe phone service, you can administer your store from wherever you are: be that in your office, at Starbucks, or on the beach.
5. Measurement, reporting, and responding to opportunities
With an online store, you have a wealth of information about visitors to your shop: what they’re buying, what they’re not buying, what they are looking at, and more.You’re able to diversify the most successful products and develop them into a broader range of offerings – much in the same way that Amazon and other top online retailers have done.With the right reporting tools attached to your website you can viewing the information on a weekly, daily, or even hourly basis, allowing you to constantly optimize your product and pricing offering for increased sales. | <urn:uuid:ed050284-7d10-4c29-846b-fe0c85be390a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://namtech.com.au/services/e-commerce/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.939847 | 688 | 2.1875 | 2 |
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