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Your alarm goes off. Still impossibly tired, you lay under the blankets checking your smartwatch sleep report while summoning the energy to get out of bed. Breakfast is oatmeal. While it cooks, you take an electrocardiogram from the medical-grade EKG monitor you received because heart disease runs in your family. You rub the last of the sleep out of your eyes as you double-check today’s reading: abnormal.
Quickly, you open the patient portal app on your phone and schedule an 11 a.m. virtual visit with your doctor. You finish your morning routine, using the smart toilet that scans stool and urine for health data before it’s flushed away, then shower and head to work.
It’s a struggle to focus today. You are feeling unsettled by the abnormal reading and try not to succumb to catastrophic thinking. Thankfully, 11 a.m. rolls around quickly. You take an early lunch and visit with your doctor on your smartphone for 20 minutes in the parking lot. She guides you through a routine exam using a digital device with a stethoscope extension, and you share that morning’s EKG report with her. She is going to e-consult with a specialist and will send you a message this afternoon to let you know if you need to come in for further tests. You go back to work feeling a little anxious but reassured that you’ll have more information later that day.
This hypothetical situation is not as futuristic as it sounds. All of the technology exists now — indeed, even a smart toilet prototype — and is part of a rapidly growing mode of health care known as telehealth.
The Center for Connected Health Policy, a nonprofit nonpartisan organization advocating for widespread telehealth implementation, defines telehealth as “a collection of means to enhance care and education delivery.” It includes synchronous care, such as virtual appointments; asynchronous care, such as messaging; and remote patient monitoring that uses devices to collect data and flag problems as they are identified. The definition of telehealth is constantly expanding as the scope of what can be done increases with developments in technology. The term is used somewhat interchangeably with digital health, though digital health is a more general term which includes health-care-adjacent technology, such as fitness tech.
Telehealth has been mired in red tape for years with a complicated patchwork of regulation on the federal, state and commercial levels. Generally speaking, reimbursement has been restricted to certain points of origin (usually a clinic) in certain geographic locations (usually rural) using limited modes of communication by a limited number of provider types and services. In 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act enacted general waivers enabling the Department of Health and Human Services to temporarily lift policy restrictions, which created ideal conditions for telehealth to finally take off.
“In the last 40 years, I have never seen such a watershed moment. … COVID demystified and democratized (digital health) and made it accessible to physicians and patients like never before.”DR. ASHISH ATREJA Chief information and digital health officer, UC Davis Health
The CARES Act provision enacted a number of temporary telehealth waivers and flexibilities, including expanding the types of billable telehealth visits, allowing providers to bill telehealth services the same as in-person services, removing point of origin limitations and allowing patients to access telehealth from inside their homes, expanding geographic locations to patients outside of rural areas, increasing the types of providers who could use telehealth, and allowing flexibility in privacy laws so providers could use common platforms like Zoom to provide care.
It’s unclear if telehealth will remain on its current trajectory once the pandemic is over, but one thing is clear: Decisions made now will be critical for the future of its innovation.
For years, the U.S. health care industry has widely been considered a prime target for disruptive innovation due to its lack of affordability, inconvenience, low trust, unutilized technology and complicated regulatory framework. According to the Brookings Institution, national health spending accounted for 17.7 percent of gross domestic product in 2018 and is projected to continue climbing under current laws. Simultaneously, it is estimated that 30 percent of medical spending doesn’t correspond to an increase in quality of care.
The U.S. tends to have worse health outcomes compared to other countries, despite advanced facilities and high health care spending. It’s time consuming and inconvenient: It takes the average patient two hours to visit a doctor for 20 minutes, and there are also major health disparities in marginalized and underserved communities.
Put bluntly, U.S. health care is inefficient and expensive. Digital solutions have been poised to help solve these problems, but narrow policies have kept them sidelined. Until now. The coronavirus pandemic forced the country to reassess how and where health care is delivered, which resulted in a number of dramatic changes. The most notable of which is the astronomical rise of telehealth.
Trends in Telehealth
In 2019, UC Davis Health held 1,200 video visits. In 2020, it conducted 132,400 video visits. That is year-over-year growth of over 10,000 percent. “In the last 40 years, I have never seen such a watershed moment,” says Dr. Ashish Atreja.
Atreja is a gastroenterologist and the chief information and digital health officer at UC Davis Health. Atreja has been championing digital health for most of his career. He was conducting video visits in the early 2000s on clunky, expensive monitors well before smartphones became ubiquitous. He has gained an industry reputation for his embrace of digital health. Among other accomplishments, he founded NODE.Health, a nonprofit that applies “the rigor of evidence-based medicine to digital health.”
Before the coronavirus pandemic forced changes, he says it was mostly “geek” doctors and advocates talking about technology in health care. Since the temporary policy expansions scaled the implementation of telehealth, Atreja says, “COVID demystified and democratized (digital health) and made it accessible to physicians and patients like never before.”
What patients and providers are realizing is that video visits don’t affect patient satisfaction with their primary health care providers, according to a 2019 study in the American Journal of Managed Care. Both parties are learning that telehealth is convenient, flexible and saves time.
If the momentum in telehealth continues, it could lead to a shift to what Atreja calls “digital-first health,” where technology is the front door in the chain of health care, which can lead to in-person care, such as physical exams, diagnostic tests or hospitalization. Atreja predicts health care will shift to a “digital front door for everyone, and digital monitoring for most.”
Atreja sees huge potential in remote monitoring. Futuristic gizmos and gadgets are flooding the market, the most common examples being wearable tech such as Fitbit or the Apple Watch. There is more advanced equipment, like the TytoCare device that offers guided remote exams of the patient’s heart, lungs, throat, ears, skin and abdomen, and checks heart rate and body temperature. And there are specialized devices, like EKG monitors.
These devices are the best of preventative medicine because they are able to catch troubling patterns, such as an abnormal heart issue, sometimes even before a patient is experiencing symptoms. Some devices even connect directly to providers and trigger automatic notifications, which prompt the office to call patients to follow up. “Sensors and their responsive apps will allow us to provide proactive care instead of reactive care, which is the mode of delivery care right now,” says Atreja.
This shift has the potential to improve patient health outcomes by preventing the progression of chronic conditions. It would also save costs by reducing expensive hospitalizations, emergency room visits and procedures.
But who pays for these kinds of devices? Currently, there are a few models. In one, patients buy gadgets on their own, perhaps with money from a health savings account. In another, the physician prescribes a device that is provided by the health care system, the insurance payer covers it, and the patient pays a copay.
“Most plans are considering this, but few have adopted it right now,” says Atreja. “But a lot of our effort at UC Davis is to create innovative partnerships with health plans and peers.”
A Gigantic Leap Forward
Joel Gray, executive director of Anthem Blue Cross’ California Medicaid health plan, says health care is a finite resource. There are only so many doctors, hospitals and personal protective equipment, and the pandemic has demonstrated what happens when there is heavy demand and resources are strained. He believes remote monitoring of patients can help alleviate the burden through proactive care. “I think remote patient monitoring is going to be the future of medicine and how it’s delivered,” Gray says.
Anthem Blue Cross is the second largest insurer in California. Before the pandemic, Gray estimates the organization saw about 1,000 telehealth claims a month. During the pandemic, that number jumped to the hundreds of thousands, thanks to the telehealth policy waivers. “I never thought I’d see that happen in my lifetime. I thought it might take 10 years to see even half of the (policy) relaxations we’re seeing today,” says Gray.
He says it’s unusual to see this level of cooperation, and it’s an encouraging sign for the future of innovation. “I’m seeing (it) across all the different stakeholders — government stakeholders, policymakers, health insurance associations, health-plan leadership — a willingness to try to make a lot of these changes permanent. That’s not always the case in health care,” says Gray.
Gray thinks the relaxed restrictions and requirements have made a positive impact by encouraging technology adoption by providers. Prior to the pandemic, telehealth was complex with high stakes. “It was very complicated for (providers) to properly bill this stuff,” he says. “And if you get it wrong, there’s penalties.”
“I think remote patient monitoring is going to be the future of medicine and how it’s delivered. … I never thought I’d see that happen in my lifetime. I thought it might take 10 years to see even half of the (policy) relaxations we’re seeing today.”JOEL GRAY Executive director, California Medicaid health plan, Anthem Blue Cross
There are behind-the-scenes benefits too. Gray believes telehealth can help reduce burnout in health care workers by providing some flexibility on the provider side. It also helps facilitate physician-to-physician e-consultations, where a primary care doctor can loop in a specialist for help on a patient’s case.
With physician e-consults, the patient does not have to wait for the referral, schedule and wait months for a second appointment, take additional time off of work, plan transportation or relay information between doctors. It also allows the doctor to stay at the top of a case while incorporating specialist expertise for issues in which they aren’t as experienced.
“It’s actually bringing specialists to primary care providers; there is no patient in the middle,” says Gray.
Who Might Get Left Behind?
Advocates have long believed in the power of telehealth to increase access to care for some patients, but there also is a concern that it could inadvertently widen gaps elsewhere.
Data is still emerging, but substantial racial disparities in the use of telehealth have already been observed during the pandemic. In one example at Mount Sinai Health System in New York City, data showed significantly fewer Black and Hispanic cancer patients used telehealth than the total patient population. Current racial disparities could possibly widen if health care technology is integrated without careful measurements and innovative solutions.
Adults over 65 represent a disproportionate percentage of health care spending relative to the size of the population, yet they are the group least likely to describe themselves as digitally ready. How would a digital-first approach in health care work for this group?
“The billion-dollar question is: What do we do to ensure that these (policies), once made permanent, are equitable? That’s the key idea. It needs to be equitable. It shouldn’t be just the rich that have access,” says Julie Bates, the associate state director of AARP California.
Bates, of Stockton, has worked in telehealth advocacy for nearly a decade. AARP California wants to see the utilization of telehealth increase in the older-adult population. Bates notes that many older adults are happy to use technology to video chat with grandchildren or attend weekly book club meetings. She believes if most people are given the opportunity and the training to engage with technology, many, if not most, will.
“I think it is counterproductive to say that older adults are unwilling to engage with the technology,” says Bates. “But there is going to be a learning curve. There is going to be a need for getting devices and getting access.”
According to research from University of Pittsburgh and Harvard Medical School, groups less likely to have digital access are 85 or older, widowed, Black or Hispanic, enrolled in Medicaid, have a disability, or have a high school education or less. Many of these groups are already at risk of experiencing increased health disparities.
“Even in a state as high-tech as California is, there are still significant segments of our state that don’t have access to high-speed internet. Even in the Bay Area,” says Bates.
These issues need to be addressed in tandem with telehealth policy in order to bridge the digital divide. There are a number of possible solutions to explore: Turning broadband into a public utility, government-led tech education initiatives and accessible technology design such as including display accomodations for low-vision users are just a few ideas.
“What comes first, the chicken or the egg?” asks Bates. “Do we do a digital-first delivery model before we have high-speed internet to every home and everyone has access to a smart device? Or do we ensure those things first and then move? Or is it a hybrid? How do we ensure that people don’t get left behind?”
Will Telehealth Gains Remain?
The pandemic is ongoing, and the story of telehealth is still developing. The latest pandemic health emergency renewal issued by the Department of Health and Human Services in January is set to expire this month. The temporary telehealth policy waivers are expected to continue as long as the declaration is active.
In the meantime, there are a number of ways telehealth is being adopted a la carte long term. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has added a number of new telehealth codes for reimbursement. In December 2020, Assemblywoman Cecilia Aguiar-Curry introduced Assembly Bill 32 seeking to make current telehealth flexibilities permanent under state law.
Whatever happens in the future, it’s clear that building equity into the plan now will be critical. There are risks that need to be measured and monitored, but those gaps can turn into opportunities for more innovation with the right mindset.
“We do not want to stop just because it’s not perfect,” says Bates. “We keep moving forward because, for the majority of people, it is going to be beneficial and it’s going to be useful.”
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House calls are convenient for the patient and can give the visiting physician or nurse a big-picture idea of the environmental factors affecting the patient’s health.
The challenge for treatment programs can be broken down into four
parts: lack of workforce, limited capacity, timing conflicts and
Telehealth is on the rise throughout the Capital Region, with video visits that save patients and hospitals both time and money. But can it reach the patients who need it the most?
Smaller, independent hospitals are at risk of closing due to financial strain exacerbated by the pandemic. | <urn:uuid:383f6481-38e1-4555-a079-547629210922> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.comstocksmag.com/longreads/connected-care | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.953285 | 3,426 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Finding one of this artist's original projects in the Phase 4 stereo hi-fi mode would at least in the United Kingdom require sustained incarceration among piles of jumble sale debris. Better or worse depending on point of view is the international perspective, leading to mingling with strange people who enjoy styles such as exotica, lounge music, and tingly-sounding bachelor pad ambience, not to be confused with ambient. Johnny Keating, a Scotsman who came up playing trombone in big bands and dance bands in the early '50s, drifted between the businesses of performing, recording, and publishing as if rafting on a lazy river, an appropriate image considering that the Phase 4 packaging -- as sturdy as it was glossy and there is no question concerning its glossiness -- could double for a lifesaver in a pinch.
Keating's first brass teacher was in Edinburgh, providing fine enough training for Tommy Sampson's dance band. The trombonist subsequently landed a 1952 position with bandleader Ted Heath. Heath in turn saw the arranging and compositional talent lurking within, bumping Keating up to staff composer and arranger status. This channel led into publishing, Keating in 1958 announcing that he was done with the music business other than "occasional gigs." If that is meant to describe his activities in the '60s, it sounds much better than a full-time performing career. Continuing to use the name Johnny, he was on the spot with Warner Bros. and a series of easy listening and orchestral pop outings designed to thrill stereo buffs and/or anyone who wasn't too busy freaking out with psychedelic rock. Keating also did arrangements for great singers such as Shirley Horn and Caterina Valente; he created challenges for all concerned with his unique ideas about instrumentation and was certainly suited to toying with newly hyped recording and mixing processes. His Space Experience volumes were actually launched off turntables commonly in stereo shops when clerks wanted to impress customers.
Hollywood took notice, bringing Keating back to Earth for assignments that included music used in films such as Hotel, Ed Wood, and Robbery. Keating's extended serious compositions were unveiled, entitled "Overture 100 Pipers" and "Hebridean Impressions." One available recording of the latter piece features composer Bernard Hermann, also of film music fame, conducting the New Philharmonia Orchestra. Petula Clark, Percy Faith, Carmen McRae, Stan Kenton, and Nancy Wilson are among the performers who have recorded Keating material. The aforementioned Horn won a Grammy Award in 1999 for her album featuring Keating songs and arrangements, I Remember Miles. He is the founder of the Johnny Keating School of Music in Edinburgh. Since 1980 he has spent a great deal of time writing a massive academic work dealing with professional songwriting, envisioned in four volumes. ~ Eugene Chadbourne | <urn:uuid:4bf43316-3378-4adf-baac-726398c3c3aa> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.pandora.com/johnny-keating | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00347-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969857 | 586 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Photography: Jonathan Bloom/Getty Global Assignment
The Idea: SodaStream was near bankruptcy when Birnbaum joined it, in 2007. He believed that the carbonated beverage industry was ripe for disruption—and that meant going after Coke and Pepsi. What happened was a big surprise.
During the 2013 Super Bowl, I was on an airplane en route to a business meeting, so I didn’t watch the game. But back in Israel, where our company is headquartered, a group of SodaStream executives got together at a bar to watch. In Israel the Super Bowl takes place from midnight to 4:00 AM, but my colleagues didn’t want to miss it. SodaStream had bought an ad—the first ever for an Israeli company and a big expense for a company our size, but the perfect way to increase awareness as we began ramping up sales in the United States.
Our ad reached more than 100 million viewers—but in an unexpected twist, an ad that never even got on the air garnered more attention. We’d originally created a Super Bowl spot that took a direct shot at Pepsi and Coke. We tried to illustrate how the SodaStream home carbonation system could help reduce the number of cans and bottles—one billion—that wind up in landfills worldwide each day.
CBS rejected the ad, and after lots of legal wrangling, we had to use a tamer, less provocative one.
Still, the dispute generated headlines around the globe, and from a marketing standpoint, the commercial was a great investment.
The experience provided some important lessons about how to market effectively at a time when online videos and social media can be just as important as—or even more important than—traditional broadcast television. Some people alleged that we had created the ad specifically in the hope that CBS would refuse to air it. That’s not true. But we certainly benefited from the way things played out.
A New Cola War
When I came to SodaStream, in 2007, it was a sleepy company. I have a background in marketing consumer products—I’ve always loved businesses that involve shipping brown boxes to retail stores. After I graduated from Harvard Business School, I spent two and a half years at Proctor & Gamble, which was a great finishing school for marketing. Then I went to Pillsbury and spent five years launching various brands—including Häagen-Dazs and Green Giant—in Israel, where I had grown up. After a three-year stint with a venture capital firm during the dot-com bubble, I became president of Nike’s business in Israel. It was the ultimate fun job—I loved the company and its culture.
According to our research, this was the first time an American broadcast network had rejected an ad for commercial reasons, as opposed to language or indecency.
Then, in December 2006, my friend Yuval Cohen, a private equity investor, asked me to visit a company he was thinking about buying. I took half a day off work at Nike and met him at SodaStream headquarters. I was surprised that he was looking at SodaStream. Yuval usually invests in software or technology companies, not consumer appliance companies.
The basic mechanism for home carbonation was invented in 1903 by Guy Gilbey, a London gin merchant, who created an apparatus to inject pressurized carbon dioxide into water to make sparkling water; flavorings could be added to make different kinds of soda. For 50 years or so the apparatus was used primarily at Buckingham Palace and in other homes for British royalty; then, in the 1970s and 1980s, it became a popular consumer product. At a high point in the 1980s, 40% of British households had a carbonation machine. But over the next 20 years the company, which originally operated as a subsidiary of W&A Gilbey, withered. For a while it was owned by Cadbury Schweppes, which did little to grow a business that could cannibalize its main product line. In the 1990s an Israeli entrepreneur bought the company, and by 2006 it was teetering near bankruptcy. There had been no investment, no product innovation, no international expansion—no growth of any kind.
After I’d spent a few hours with the management team, Yuval asked me if he should buy the company. I thought it had potential. I said, “For the right price, why not?” Then I went back to my job at Nike.
Three weeks later, Yuval told me he’d bought SodaStream for $6 million, and he wanted me to become its CEO. I was really surprised—I’d had no intention of getting involved. But it felt like a great challenge. It was very different from anything I’d done before, and he offered me an ownership stake. My friends and family couldn’t believe I was leaving Nike. My son, then 13 years old and an athlete, burst out crying. “Why, Dad? Why?” he asked. At my good-bye party, my Nike colleagues gave me a bunch of antique seltzer siphons. They thought SodaStream was a joke. But I could see there was something here.
I hired an entirely new management team. The most important thing we brought in was optimism. The previous managers had no vision, no dream. They were good people, but they liked to boast that SodaStream had an 85% share of the “home carbonation business”—an obscure industry no one knew anything about. Immediately I said that we would compete in the carbonated beverage business. We transformed our mind-set and our focus from a factory to a consumer-centric organization. Our machine isn’t about putting bubbles into water—it’s about creating a more economical, sustainable, and healthful alternative to regular soft drinks. We redefined our category. Instead of winning in “home carbonation,” I wanted to grow our share of the $260 billion global soda business. I really liked the idea of competing with Coke and Pepsi. Inside and outside the company, we began talking about a new cola war.
Marketing with the Cage
The strategy made sense because the carbonated beverage category is ripe for disruption. Established products are not what the consumer really wants—they contain too much sugar and their packaging waste is hazardous to the environment. They’re also inconvenient: Why should you carry heavy cases home from the grocery store when you can create a superior drink from tap water in just seconds? I believe that consumers are losing their emotional connection with established soda brands. That’s why we’re seeing so many new sparkling beverages, including energy drinks, natural soda, and flavored water. Consumers want something else.
We immediately began focusing on product innovation. Our machine lives on kitchen counters, which is the most precious real estate in a home, so it has to look great and be used regularly—it has to earn its spot. We hired a gifted head of innovation and began working with Yves Béhar, a brilliant designer who is best known for creating several Herman Miller chairs and the Jambox.
Next we focused on distribution. Seven years ago SodaStream products were sold in 13 countries and 25,000 stores. Today we’re in 45 countries and 60,000 stores. Of those stores, 16,000 are in the United States—including Bed Bath & Beyond, Walmart, Target, Williams-Sonoma, Macy’s, and Staples.
Once we had new products and new distribution in place, we needed to let people know. And because of our size, we had to be smart about it. SodaStream’s annual marketing budget is about $75 million. In 2012 Coca-Cola’s marketing budget was about $11 billion. So we challenged ourselves to make every dollar we spent have the impact of $20, to try to break through the noise and the clutter. Since we began this work, we’ve thought a lot about how to generate word of mouth, make ads that go viral, create ambassadors, and be provocative.
One of our biggest marketing wins was something we called the Cage. It was created by an entry-level marketing person in our Belgian office. She calculated the average number of cans and bottles thrown away by a Belgian family each year and then went out and collected that many—all different brands—from garbage containers. She built a giant cagelike box to hold them, demonstrating the sheer volume of waste created by traditional beverages. For Belgium the Cage was about the size of a minivan; for the United States—where a family discards 2,000 cans and bottles a year, on average—it’s about triple that. We put Cages up in 25 markets, generally in high-traffic locations such as airports. Many people stopped to read about the displays, which drove awareness.
Then, one day, we received a cease-and-desist letter from Coca-Cola. One of its executives had apparently seen a Cage in the Johannesburg airport. The company said we were disparaging its brand and claimed that it owned the trademarks on the Coke cans in the display. We checked with our lawyers. It took about five minutes to dismiss the claim: According to South African law, once a product is sold, its marks can no longer be claimed—something known as trademark exhaustion. And because we’d gathered the cans from garbage, Coke would be foolish to claim trademark ownership unless it wanted to claim that it owned the bottles and cans people throw away around the world every day.
Furthermore, we hadn’t done anything disparaging: We simply told the truth about how many bottles and cans are trashed. (Many people believe that most of them are recycled; in reality, about 70% go into landfills, parks, oceans, and incinerators.) We hadn’t created this controversy—Coke started it by sending us the letter—but it certainly got a lot of coverage. When we see that type of opportunity, we’re going to take advantage of it. And we won’t be bullied. I think the fact that we dared to stand up to the big guy is what attracted media around the world.
For years Gerard Meyer, who runs SodaStream’s U.S. business, had joked that two events would signal that our company had really arrived: when we bought a corporate jet, and when we advertised on the Super Bowl. We still don’t have a jet, but in late 2012, when Gerard suggested that we buy a Super Bowl ad, he wasn’t kidding. We looked over the numbers: It would cost about $4 million. To me, it made sense as a strategic statement. It was a way to announce to America that SodaStream was becoming a serious player. The Super Bowl has long been a platform for big new product announcements. Coke is a regular advertiser, and Pepsi was sponsoring that year’s halftime show (starring Beyoncé): We would be making a disruptive appearance on their turf. The longer I thought about it, the clearer the decision seemed. I didn’t even discuss it with our board, which surprised some directors.
SodaStream Facts & Figures
We immediately got in touch with Alex Bogusky, the brilliant creative who’d done our past ads. A Super Bowl ad has to provide entertainment, and humor is good. Alex came up with a spot he called “Game Changer.” As soon as I saw the storyboards, I fell in love with the ad. It would show Coke and Pepsi trucks pulling up in front of a supermarket. As “Dueling Banjos” played, the two drivers would stack cases of bottles onto hand trucks and then race each other toward the store. As they neared the door, the plastic bottles would start bursting and vanishing, and the video would cut to a guy at a counter demonstrating how a SodaStream machine works and then drinking a glass of cola he’d made himself. The announcer would say, “With SodaStream, we could have saved 500 million bottles on game day alone.” The ad seemed perfect: It highlighted the wasted plastic and transportation involved in trucking and carrying soda and the environmental benefits of our product. I couldn’t wait to see it on the air.
CBS had other ideas. When network executives saw the storyboards, they objected. They said we were mocking the truck drivers—that we made them look stupid. They said we exaggerated the drama by making the soda bottles explode and flood the parking lot. I said I wanted to speak to their CEO about it. They had me talk to their legal guy. I told him we weren’t going to mock anyone or exaggerate anything. We wanted a lighthearted, truthful spot that made our point. I said we would produce the spot in a way that addressed their concerns and then submit it for final approval. So we went ahead and shot the commercial, and at the same time, we hired several of the world’s top experts on law and advertising to help argue our case if CBS still refused to air it.
When I saw the finished spot, I was convinced it would work. There was nothing mean or mocking about it. We submitted it, and CBS rejected it—this time with no explanation. Our legal team couldn’t sway it. According to our research, this was the first time an American broadcast network had rejected an ad for commercial reasons, as opposed to language or indecency. In my mind, CBS rejected our ad because it criticized Coke and Pepsi, which are both major advertisers. I was really upset.
Alex Bogusky was even more upset. He gave an interview to an advertising trade newspaper and vented about the incident. Suddenly the story was everywhere. We immediately put the banned ad online, and millions of people began watching it. (As of this writing it has been viewed more than 5 million times on YouTube.) Newspapers in countries that don’t even air the Super Bowl began doing stories on it.
We were still contractually obligated to air a Super Bowl ad—we’d already bought the time—so we submitted an existing ad called “The Effect.” It shows several people using our machine as soda bottles (of indistinguishable brands) vaporize. It uses the same basic approach as the banned ad, but it’s less fun and less a direct shot at Coke and Pepsi. The ad aired in the fourth quarter, and it did well. Some people worry about placement that late, because if the game turns into a rout, viewership may decline. But we subscribe to the theory that many people are watching the Super Bowl not for the game but for the ads. The next day an ad critic ranked 30 ads shown during the game, and our spot came in seventh.
Still, there’s no question we received more exposure because of the banned ad. One of our agencies did a study and found that we’d gotten 6 billion PR impressions because so many stories were written or aired about the controversy. Al and Laura Ries wrote a wonderful book called The Fall of Advertising and the Rise of PR, and it’s my bible. PR is more credible than advertising. I would much rather invest in PR than in advertising, because with PR it’s not me talking—it’s someone else. Besides, digital media have completely changed the source and quantity of messaging that reaches consumers. As a brand that’s trying to build awareness in efficient ways, we need to cultivate evangelists and ambassadors rather than buy lots of reach and frequency. The banned ad was a win because of the quality as well as the quantity of the exposure we received; and the stories communicated the idea that we were selling a product Coke and Pepsi don’t want people to know about.
By the fall of 2013 we’d already decided to advertise during the 2014 Super Bowl. Because we made the decision earlier in the year this time, our promotional campaign will be better coordinated with our retailers: We’ll do in-store displays and make sure we have the right products in stock. As I write this, we haven’t figured out what the ads will say, but we’re determined to take the campaign to the next level. We want to emphasize that SodaStream isn’t a niche product. The little company that Yuval bought for $6 million now has a market cap of more than $1 billion. We’re still small, but we’re the fastest-growing story in beverage land. This year our Super Bowl message will be that we’re here to stay. Editor’s Note: When asked for comment, a CBS spokesperson said: “The strategy of achieving free publicity by creating controversies is tried-and-true. It was so before this alleged example, and it will be after as well.” | <urn:uuid:5522f785-89c4-40c6-92ca-63c8c19c3559> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bg.hbr.org/2014/01/sodastreams-ceo-on-turning-a-banned-super-bowl-ad-into-marketing-gold | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.978115 | 3,512 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Respectful Insolence reports on an ancient, historic health product–basically, two cylinders, one of copper, one of zinc, that you hold (one in each hand). Yup.
I have improved on the idea.
This ancient pharmacology has long since proved its worth;
It’s the finest panacea in the history of earth.
Two simple metal cylinders can cure all of your ills—
So much better than injections; much more natural than pills!
But I’ve found a better system—I’ve improved upon their wand;
I’ve discovered new technology that lets me go beyond!
It’s a cure for diabetes; it’s a cure for aching feet
It’s a cure for halitosis, and that burning in your seat
It alleviates the symptoms of the flu and common cold
If you follow the instructions, it’s a cure for growing old!
It will tighten up your fanny, smooth the wrinkles on your skin,
And you’ll instantly feel better from the moment you begin!
What’s the closely-guarded secret? Well, you know I cannot say,
But you’re only growing older every moment you delay
There’s no need to spend your life in needless misery, alone,
When a cure is just a call away—so just pick up the phone!
You are now the happy owner of a marvelous device
Read and follow all instructions—you don’t want to do this twice.
The rods the ancient Pharaohs used (of copper and of zinc)
Were truly beneficial, but they also made us think:
If we mix the two together, will the alloy work as well?
We didn’t know, but clearly, an experiment would tell.
Through the miracle of science, our experiment confirms
That the wand that you have purchased will eliminate your germs;
If you use it as directed, we can gladly guarantee
(Or return for price of purchase, less a small restocking fee)
That wherever, on the road of life, your circumstances find you,
Our wand will let you always know, your worries are behind you.
Instructions: take the wand, all seven inches, gleaming brass,
And gently, but completely, shove the whole thing up your ass. | <urn:uuid:decdadca-5b6e-485a-a46b-04624f37b7bc> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://freethoughtblogs.com/cuttlefish/2007/11/09/new-and-improved-ancient-technology/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720845.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00085-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.90969 | 501 | 1.976563 | 2 |
First Recorded Use Of "Tripping Balls" In Police Report Is Seen In Arkansas Document
Arkansas cops reported that a woman was “tripping balls” when they arrested her last week as she ran naked through a parking lot.
A report detailing the bust of Melissa Valencia, 21, may be the first time the phrase “tripping balls” has been memorialized in an official police document, according to us.
Responding to a 911 call about a naked woman running down the street, Fayetteville cops confronted Valencia as she appeared to be attempting to hide behind a pole. The individual who called cops noted that the suspect was “intoxicated on drugs and ‘tripping balls.’”
Seen in the above mug shot, Valencia struggled with officers as they sought to corral her. After “thrashing her arms about,” Valencia was handcuffed, placed in two sets of leg restraints, and transported for “treatment for a possible drug overdose.” In a subsequent conversation with a nurse, Valencia “admitted to taking acid at her boyfriend’s house.”
Valencia was “calm, polite, and cooperative” when transported to jail for booking on misdemeanor public intoxication, disorderly conduct, and resisting arrest charges (for which she will be arraigned on August 1). | <urn:uuid:ba50a9cc-d033-4a17-9dc6-177addc76926> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://thesmokinggun.com/buster/naked-woman-tripping-balls-674321 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00501-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966017 | 280 | 1.507813 | 2 |
St Davids Cathedral
What does it mean to be a place of pilgrimage?
Since the 6th century there has been a church on the site of St. Davids Cathedral. For the past 1500 years prayer and worship has been offered to God on a daily basis and this continues to this day.
David was born in the year 500, the son of St Non and a prince of Ceredigion. Legend states that Non gave birth to him on a cliff top during a violent storm. Dewi Sant (or St. David, in English) was the only one of the Patron Saints who was born in the country he is remembered in. He founded a monastery in St. Davids, where the cathedral now stands. David traveled widely, telling people about Jesus. He was known as the ‘Water Man’ because he never drank alcoholic drinks, and he stood in cold water to help him concentrate on God.
David eventually become a bishop in the church and made several pilgrimages including one to Jerusalem during which, tradition states, he brought back with him a stone that now sits in an altar in the south transept of the cathedral.
The best-known miracle associated with David is said to have taken place when he was preaching in the middle of a large crowd at the Synod of Llanddewi Brefi. When those at the back complained that they could not hear him, the ground on which he stood is reputed to have risen up to form a small hill so that everyone had a good view. A white dove settled on his shoulder, a sign of God’s grace and blessing.
In the twelfth century Pope Calixtus II declared St Davids Cathedral to be a place of pilgrimage. Calixtus also stated that the shrine was so important that two pilgrimages to St Davids were equivalent to one to Rome, three were equivalent to one to Jerusalem. Since then the path of pilgrimage has been trodden by hundreds of thousands of individuals.
David died in the year 589 and tradition says that the monastery was ‘filled with angels as Christ received his soul’. His final words to his followers were:
‘Be Joyful. Keep the Faith. Do the little things that you have heard and seen me do.’
St. Davids Day is 1st March. The cathedral’s new Education & Pilgrimage Centre, Tŷ’r Pererin, offers extended hospitality to visitors to the cathedral, with particular emphasis on educational and spiritual activities around the Shrine of St David and pilgrimage. Since the opening in March Tŷ’r Pererin has welcomed over 1000 children to the cathedral on visit programmes.
‘Images and text provided with kind permission from the Dean and Chapter of St Davids Cathedral. | <urn:uuid:cd9d1d63-f785-4c8d-9f0e-1c8adbd76fc4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://request.org.uk/people/places/st-davids-cathedral/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00421-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984151 | 574 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Scientific name: Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Nees & Eberm.
Local/Bangla Name: ‘Karpur’
Taxonomic Position According to Cronquist (1981)
Economic Importance: Used as medicinal purposes.
Widely cultivated as a street and garden tree, C. camphora is cultivated for camphor, which is used as a culinary spice, a component of incense, and as a medicine. Camphor is also an insect repellent and a flea-killing substance. | <urn:uuid:c2ee83e4-1232-49cc-8cf4-0f31f2e179c6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://dhcrop.bsmrau.net/camphor/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.759756 | 191 | 3.125 | 3 |
Student Action Committee (SAC) Protest For Missing Persons
Saturday, 30th January 2010,
3:30 – 5:30 p.m.
Liberty Roundabout, Lahore
“They disappear without a trace. Their families exist in torturous limbo. They lay awake wondering about their loved ones’ whereabouts and condition. Terrifying thoughts come to their minds evoking tears and a jolt to their heart. Their meaning of life altered. Forever”
Since the start of the US led war on terror in 2001 hundreds of people have been illegally picked up from Pakistan. Amnesty International has stated that Pakistan has detained hundreds of alleged terror suspects without legal processes. It has been speculated that some were tortured or otherwise ill-treated, some were sold to the US military and others vanished without a trace. Some of the missing were Al-Qaeda suspects but others included innocent women and children. The families of missing persons in Pakistan have been running exhaustively in search of justice and information about their loved ones. They see no light at the end of the tunnel.
For too long us Pakistanis have remained silent as things around us spiral out of control. If you want to make a difference, it is time to stand up, be heard and be counted, for history will never forgive us for being indifferent to the plight of our people.
Join us to protest against the forced abductions of the citizens of Pakistan and demand their immediate return to the country.
‘Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter’
– Martin Luther King, Jr. | <urn:uuid:50b02311-dc25-4d7d-a926-2df15f4c3dc1> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://united4justice.wordpress.com/2010/01/27/student-action-committee-sac-protest-for-missing-persons/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719677.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00560-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95812 | 324 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Surgical scrubbing prior to surgery reduces the number of bacteria on the skin, but wearing rings and nail polish on the fingers may reduce the efficacy of scrubbing, as bacteria may remain in microscopic imperfections of nail polish and on the skin beneath rings.Participants: 102 placed randomly in 3 groups of Interventions: Group 1: fresh nail polish applied Notes: Wynd used the Wilcoxon rank sum test Outcomes: Nails swabbed for CFUs pre‐ and
Do not wear makeup, lotion, powder, deodorant or nail polish. It is important to remove your nail polish so that the doctors and nurses can see your true color during the surgery and in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit. The color of the skin and nail beds is an important sign of blood circulation.
Generally Why do they say no nail polish during surgery? Avoid wearing acrylic nails or nail polish – this is where the pulse oximeter is usually placed to measure oxygen levels in your blood, and it sometimes does not work as well when you wear finger nail polish. If you forget to take it off, the surgery team can find another location on the body to monitor oxygen levels.
Here You Can Watch The Video Avoid Bubbles In Your Nail Polish How To With Kristin
Similarly, Nail Polish 101: How to Prevent Bubbles in Your Nail Polish
Frequently Asked Questions(FAQ)
Do you pee under general anesthesia?
Urination Problems General anesthesia paralyzes the bladder muscles.This can make it not only hard to pee, but impact your ability to recognize you have to urinate altogether. Additionally, many surgeries involve the placement of a Foley catheter—a tube put in the body to drain urine from the bladder.
Why shouldnt you wear deodorant before surgery?
You can’t wear deodorant during surgery because it can leave a residue on your skin that’s difficult to remove. This residue might make it challenging for the surgeon to cut through the incision site or accurately assess your skin circulation during surgery.
Can I have my toenails painted for surgery?
All nail polish should be removed prior to surgery, including polish on toenails. Patients with long hair should not wear metal hair pins or barrettes.
What if I have my period during surgery?
What if I have my period while I’m in the hospital? Don’t worry – It’s okay if you have your period the day of your surgery or while you are in the hospital!This will not cause your surgery to be cancelled. Most likely you won’t be allowed to wear a tampon while in surgery.
Why can’t you wear a tampon during surgery?
Answer: No tampon during surgery It is never advisable to use tampon during surgery. The risk of an infection called Staphylcoccal Shock Syndrome is always there. It is better to use a pad and change as necessary.
How does an anesthesiologist know you’re asleep?
There is continuous monitoring of the electrical activity in your heart, the amount of oxygen in your blood, your pulse rate, and blood pressure. Sometimes a device is used to monitor your brain waves while ‘asleep’, giving the doctor more detailed information about your level of unconsciousness.
Why did I cry when waking up from anesthesia?
There is a medication called Sevoflurane, which is a gas that we use commonly to keep patients asleep there’s some increased incidence of crying when that medication is used, said Heitz. But he suspects many factors could be involved; the stress of surgery, combined with medications and feeling slightly disoriented.
Do you breathe on your own under general anesthesia?
Do you stop breathing during general anesthesia? No.After you’re unconscious, your anesthesiologist places a breathing tube in your mouth and nose to make sure you maintain proper breathing during the procedure.
Why do they shave pubic hair before surgery?
Removing hair from surgical areas became entrenched decades ago because it was thought that hair harbored bacteria that could infect the surgical wound. Shaving with a razor is the most common form of hair removal.
Why do you have to take two showers before surgery?
This is because all humans have germs on their skin that may cause an infection after surgery. Taking two showers (one at night and one in the morning) with CHG soap removes germs and reduces the risk of infection. Your doctor’s office will give you the CHG soap and showering instructions.
Is it OK to brush teeth morning of surgery?
Can I brush my teeth the morning of surgery? Yes. You may brush your teeth and swish with a small amount of water to rinse. | <urn:uuid:e677ba0b-e46f-49df-a6b8-97c9eb21ef32> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thebeautyofnailpolish.com/can-i-have-nail-polish-on-during-surgery-3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.935775 | 1,110 | 1.90625 | 2 |
As the founders of the IEA pointed out with great regret, at a time when more than three quarters of the working class had made welfare insurance provision for themselves, and memberships of Friendly Societies were growing quickly and were set to provide nearly all but the improvident underclass with unemployment, sickness and even pension benefits, the State took fright and stepped in in 1911 to nationalise welfare.
Adam Smith liberals who believe there is a trade off between State coercion and private moral authority, wanting less of the former and more of the latter, will recognise the 1911 Act not as a forward thinking piece of legislation but as the start of the rot and of a system of State welfarism that has brought us to our current sorry condition. As Green writes;
This approach to morality placed a heavy burden of responsibility on private individuals, as parents and as participants in the organisations that make up their local communities. Each person’s daily conduct was in some way a contribution to upholding or modifying the prevailing order. Every supportive frown or raised eyebrow as well as every complacent shrug of the shoulders made a difference. The value of a moral tradition that embraced both disapproval and toleration had been learnt from hard years of religious persecution.That State welfarism is corrosive of personal morality is axiomatic.
Such were the main elements of the ideal of liberty upheld by writers such as Smith, Hume and Tocqueville. A free society for them should be made up of many organisations pursuing particular purposes but also based on liberal principles: a framework of rules, morals that were upheld but susceptible to gradual change, individuals guided by a sense of duty to others and aware that their personal contribution to upholding moral rules counted. And here lay the true significance of organisations like the friendly societies. They were examples of the best in this liberal tradition.
Both G.K. Chesterton and Hilaire Belloc were followers of a movement termed Distributism; it's not any easy one for us to understand today, being somewhat a creature of its time, but it shares with Adam Smith liberalism a belief that a society founded on the moral authority of family, community and intermediate organisations rather than on State coercion is a healthy one. Leo XIII wrote in Rerum Novarum;
The contention, then, that the civil government should at its option intrude into and exercise intimate control over the family and the household is a great and pernicious error. True, if a family finds itself in exceeding distress, utterly deprived of the counsel of friends, and without any prospect of extricating itself, it is right that extreme necessity be met by public aid, since each family is a part of the commonwealth. In like manner, if within the precincts of the household there occur grave disturbance of mutual rights, public authority should intervene to force each party to yield to the other its proper due; for this is not to deprive citizens of their rights, but justly and properly to safeguard and strengthen them. But the rulers of the commonwealth must go no further; here, nature bids them stop. Paternal authority can be neither abolished nor absorbed by the State; for it has the same source as human life itself.That black rogue Rousseau (and this will be my last mention of this villain on this blog in 2008) who would separate children from their fathers lest they distort the ownership of the State of the individual and whose perverse form of enlightenment 'liberalism' forms the basis of State welfarism would of course have gone for coercion over moral authority every time.
As Wiki has it, "Distributism sees the trinitarian human family of one male, one female, and their children as the central and primary social unit of human ordering and the principal unit of a functioning distributist society and civilization".
Let's hope that 2009 and all that it brings will see a shift back to families, neighbourhoods, communities and intermediate institutions, friendly societies, mutual building societies and credit unions, localism, liberalism and the small State. We lost our way in the twentieth century; let's find it again in the twenty-first. | <urn:uuid:796ae05c-4078-4a06-b49c-b8d1ef3a9e6a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://raedwald.blogspot.com/2008/12/adam-smith-welfarism-and-distributism.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00119-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963912 | 832 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Zante Grapes are very small grapes. Usually only a maximum of 1/4 inch (1/2 cm) wide, they are about the size of a pea -- or "pearl", as the marketers today are saying (accompanied by the phrase "jewel-like" as well.) Their purple skin is so dark it is sometimes seems almost black. They grow in long clusters, and are seedless. The grapes are very sweet and tender, and have very small stems that are edible.
Wild versions of the grape have fruit no bigger than the tip of a pen, with very few berries per cluster. Cultivated Zante vines are either "girdled" (a strip of bark is taken off a small portion round the vine) or given a plant hormone called "gibberellic acid." This causes the vine to produce not only bigger grapes, but to grow bigger, fuller clusters as well. This required process, though, makes them not really suitable for home gardening.
The market for these grapes had always been for drying them into "currants", though technically they are raisins. American growers, however, are now trying to build a market by selling them as fresh grapes to eat out of hand. One of the monikers under which they are being sold is "Champagne Grapes", reputedly because they are so small that they appeared to someone to look like Champagne Bubbles. While the grapes are not actually used for making Champagne at all, no doubt if people think they are also used to make a high-quality wine, marketers won't object.
Zante is the name of one of the Greek Ionian islands (actually called "Zakynthos" in Greek) which is south of Corfu near the entrance to the Gulf of Corinth. The Zante Grape was planted there in 1516, in order to supply growing demand in Europe. The name of the island was shortened to Zante by the Venetians, who held the island as part of their mini trading empire in the 1600 and 1700s. The tax on the currants produced from the grapes boosted Venetian coffers. The Venetians were forced to hand the island over to Napoleon in 1797, during which time production slumped. The currant trade boomed again during the British protectorate period (1815-1864), but went into decline when the British ceded the island to a uniting Greece.
Seedless GrapesSeedless Grapes; Seedless Raisins; Thompson Seedless Grapes; Zante Grapes
Please share this information with your friends. They may love it. | <urn:uuid:8033883f-11b2-4400-9aac-1fd40ca293c0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cooksinfo.com/zante-grapes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00124-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975531 | 548 | 3.25 | 3 |
Why Does Earth Spin? reveals answers to must-know questions about our amazing planet. It includes information about Earth's size and location, why the sky is blue and much more. It is suitable for children aged 7 and over.
Where is planet Earth and how big is it? Does the ground move under our feet? What would we find if we dug down all the way to the Earth's core? And why is the sky blue? Children will discover the answers to these and other must-know questions about our amazing planet.
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Mary Kay Carson is an award-winning children's nonfiction author. She has written more than 40 books for kids about wildlife, space, weather, nature, and history, including Sterling Biographies: Alexander Graham Bell: Giving Voice to the World (9781402732300) as well as The Underground Railroad for Kids and The Wright Brothers for Kids (both Chicago Review Press). Mary Kay also gives presentations at schools about writing and her books. She lives in Cincinnati, OH.
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Search and browse over 110,000 wildlife and science products
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Wildlife, science and conservation since 1985 | <urn:uuid:211c364a-ee8a-47a2-91f7-8231131d4bdc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nhbs.com/title/196975?title=why-does-earth-spin | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00511-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946902 | 281 | 2.953125 | 3 |
FORT KENT, Maine — A nurse who vowed to defy Maine’s voluntary quarantine for health care workers who treated Ebola patients followed through on her promise Thursday, leaving her home for a bike ride.
Kaci Hickox and her boyfriend stepped out of their home Thursday morning and rode away on mountain bikes, followed by state police cruiser.
Police were monitoring her movements and public interactions but couldn’t detain her without a court order signed by a judge.
Hickox contends there’s no need for quarantine because she’s showing no symptoms. She’s also tested negative for the deadly disease.
“I really hope that we can work things out amicably and continue to negotiate,” she said Thursday morning while riding on a dirt trail.
There was no immediate comment from state health officials, who were going to court in an effort to detain Hickox for the remainder of the 21-day incubation period for Ebola that ends on Nov. 10.
It was the second time Hickox broke quarantine. She left her home Wednesday evening briefly to speak to reporters, even shaking a hand that was offered to her.
“There’s a lot of misinformation about how Ebola is transmitted, and I can understand why people are frightened. But their fear is not based on medical facts,” Norman Siegel, one of her attorneys, said Wednesday.
Hickox, who volunteered in Sierra Leone with Doctors Without Borders, was the first person forced into New Jersey’s mandatory quarantine for people arriving at the Newark airport from three West African countries. Hickox spent the weekend in a tent in New Jersey before traveling to the home she shares with her boyfriend, a nursing student at the University of Maine at Fort Kent.
“I’m not willing to stand here and let my civil rights be violated when it’s not science-based,” she told reporters Wednesday evening.
Generally, states have broad authority when it comes to such matters. But Maine health officials could have a tough time convincing a judge that Hickox poses a threat, said attorney Jackie L. Caynon III, who specializes in health law in Worcester, Massachusetts.
“If somebody isn’t showing signs of the infection, then it’s kind of hard to say someone should be under mandatory quarantine,” he said.
Ebola, which is spread through direct contact with the bodily fluids of an infected person, has killed thousands of people in Africa, but only four people have been diagnosed with it in the United States. People can’t be infected just by being near someone who’s sick, and people aren’t contagious unless they’re sick, health officials say.
Guidelines from the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend daily monitoring for health care workers like Hickox who have come into contact with Ebola patients. But some states like Maine are going above and beyond those guidelines.
The defense department is going even further. On Wednesday, Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel ordered military men and women helping fight Ebola to undergo 21-day quarantines that start upon their return — instead of their last exposure to an Ebola patient.
President Barack Obama warned that overly restrictive measures imposed upon returning health care workers could discourage them from volunteering in Africa.
But Maine Gov. Paul LePage, who canceled campaign events to keep tabs on the situation, maintained that the state must be “vigilant” to protect others.
State law allows a judge to grant temporary custody of someone if health officials demonstrate “a clear and immediate public health threat.”
The state’s court filing was expected Thursday, officials said.
If a judge grants the state request, then Hickox will appeal the decision on constitutional grounds, necessitating a hearing, Siegel said.
Siegel said the nurse hopes her fight against the quarantine will help bring an end to misinformation about how the Ebola virus is transmitted.
“She wants to have her voice in the debate about how America handles the Ebola crisis. She has an important voice and perspective,” he said.
Associated Press writers David Sharp in Portland and Alanna Durkin in Augusta contributed to this report. | <urn:uuid:2614acb4-1b69-4b2c-a2b4-16aee25845ab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://chicago.suntimes.com/2014/10/30/18462019/nurse-kaci-hickox-defies-ebola-quarantine-with-bike-ride | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.957147 | 873 | 1.78125 | 2 |
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A multimillion-dollar airflow study will be conducted this summer to help authorities better understand the risks of airborne terrorist attacks on New York City and its subway system, including those posed by chemical, biological and radiological weapons.
The NYPD and experts from the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory will conduct the tests in July. | <urn:uuid:5e89a00f-213e-433b-8d41-c1d65d307435> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread958405/pg1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00462-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.918944 | 133 | 1.585938 | 2 |
|This article is about the unmanned aerial vehicle. You may be looking for Cipher, an alias of both the Patriots and its leader, Zero.|
The Cypher is a saucer-type unmanned aerial vehicle used for surveillance and communication support of land and marine operations.
The Cypher is capable of vertical take-offs and landings in tight areas measuring as small as 3.5 meters. It uses a ducted airstream from its rotors and the surrounding shroud to fly and can stay airborne for approximately three hours. The Cypher also features a fully autonomous system that allows for tracking and analysis of man-sized targets, with its flight pattern and output controlled from a nearby Integrated Mobile Ground Station. The Cypher transmits its status and mission data to its controller via data-link.
An armed variant known as the Gun Cypher, is equipped with a machinegun for use as an unmanned weapon.
In 2007, a United States Army Cypher was used to photograph Solid Snake aboard the USS Discovery. The photographs were later used by the Patriots to frame Snake and Philanthropy for the tanker's destruction. After initially mistaking it for a Marine Cypher-T, Otacon speculated that the reason the Army had sent the craft was because they had an interest in the Marines' Metal Gear RAY project, similar to the Gurlukovich Mercenaries.
At some point between 2007 and 2009, the military developed the machinegun-armed Gun Cypher.
In 2009, both surveillance and armed Cypher variants were used by the terrorist group Sons of Liberty to guard areas of the Big Shell, many of which were evaded by FOXHOUND operative Raiden. Upon discovering an intruder, the Cyphers would alert any nearby patrols via data transmission to its controller. A Cypher was responsible for alerting the Tengu commandos of Raiden's and Solid Snake's presence within Arsenal Gear's Ileum section.
Behind the scenes
In Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, the Cypher's sensors can be temporarily confused by using chaff to set up an electronic interference field, which also blocks its movement. The Cypher itself can be destroyed in one hit from a rifle or handgun by damaging its camera, or in the case of Gun Cyphers, its gun.
Solid Snake uses a Cypher for vertical recovery in Super Smash Bros. Brawl. An unlockable trophy describes the Cypher thusly:
An unmanned aerial surveillance vehicle used by the U.S. Army. It uses a fan in the center of its body to hover and a camera on its upper fuselage to monitor from the skies. It has a number of models, including the armed Gun Cypher and the remodeled Cypher II. Its small size and continuous flight ability make it extremely effective in guarding against intruders.
While it is most likely a coincidence, the term "Cipher" (with a "i" instead of a "y") would later be used in the Metal Gear series to refer to the early incarnation of The Patriots, which first appear in Metal Gear Solid 2 along with the drone.
- Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty
- Metal Gear Solid 2: Substance
- Super Smash Bros. Brawl
- Super Smash Bros. Ultimate
Notes and references
- ^ Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, Konami Computer Entertainment Japan (2001).
This is mentioned in a Codec call to Otacon during the Tanker Chapter.
- ^ Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty (script), Konami Computer Entertainment Japan (2001).
The Colonel calls in a Codec warning to Raiden as he encounters a Cypher (an unmanned aerial surveillance vehicle). // Colonel: Raiden, watch your back! That’s a Cypher, a type of UAV! // The Gun Cypher is a new model. Display the Cypher visual inside the Codec screen | <urn:uuid:877f5491-e533-45e3-99c9-c3bd5707c6da> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://metalgear.fandom.com/wiki/Cypher | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.941514 | 804 | 1.664063 | 2 |
This page describes the activities of BrooklineCAN's Livable Community Advocacy Committee. People sometimes confuse it with the town's Age‑Friendly Cities program.
The Age‑Friendly Cities program is an initiative of the World Health Organization and the Town of Brookline. In the fall of 2012, after a six month planning process, Brookline submitted its application to join the network. The program disseminates information about Brookline’s strong existing age friendly features and develops more specific initiatives in the following areas: health and human services, housing, library, public safety, parks, recreation, property tax relief for seniors, transportation, and participation. It is a collaboration among the Town of Brookline, the Brookline Council on Aging, and BrooklineCAN that is coordinated by a committee appointed by the Select Board . More than ten Town departments and boards and commissions are involved.
The Livable Community Advocacy Committee is one of several BrooklineCAN committees. It works to influence policy on issues of interest to seniors and others. Some members of BrooklineCAN's Livable Community Advocacy Committee also serve on the town's Age‑Friendly Cities committee. More information on the town's program is available on our Age‑friendly Cities page and on WHO's Age‑friendly Cities Checklist.
Brookline is already a highly attractive community for older people. The town's housing, services, transportations options, and parks make it an excellent place to live for people of all ages.
The Livable Community Advocacy Committee calls attention to Brookline's outstanding qualities and advocates for changes that will make Brookline a better community. The committee collaborates with other organizations as they seek community improvements.
The committee holds open meetings on a regular basis and invites all community residents to attend meetings and join the committee.
The committee has taken these initiatives:
The livable community theme has attracted a good deal of attention nationally among advocates for older people. A particularly valuable resource is the Livable Community evaluation guide developed by AARP's Public Policy Institute: (Click to download PDF.) Another resource for the committee is Partners for Livable Communities, a national nonprofit organization.
Select Board Member Bernard Greene takes questions from
In January 2019 Frank Caro asked the Town's Department of Public Works to consider adding five additional benches on Beacon Street. Here is Frank's report. This is an initiative of BrooklineCAN's Livable Community Advocacy Committee and the Brookline Age‑Friendly City Committee.
In August 2019 the town installed new benches in all five locations.
Acting on BrooklineCAN advocacy, the Brookline Department of Public Works is installing new benches on Beacon Street. When Beacon Street was upgraded more than a decade ago, benches were installed in the commercial areas: Saint Mary’s, Coolidge Corner, and Washington Square. No benches were provided in between the commercial areas. As a result, pedestrians walking between the commercial areas sometimes had to walk more than half a mile to find a bench. For several years, BrooklineCAN has been advocating for more benches on Beacon street with an emphasis on the portions between the commercial areas. The aim has been to make walking along Beacon Street more attractive.
At an Age‑Friendly City Committee meeting in January 2019, DPW Commissioner Andrew Pappastergion committed his department to providing new benches on Beacon Street sidewalk. He invited BrooklineCAN to suggest locations for the new benches. He and his staff accepted most of the BrooklineCAN recommendations. In August 2019, installation of the new benches began.
In June 2021 the DPW installed 10 more benches including one in Frank Caro's memory.
Shown here are photos of the new benches. Click a thumbnail for a larger version.
New Benches on south side of Beacon Street
Among Brookline Seniors, 2018
On February 5, 2018, Frank Caro presented the state of financial insecurity among Brookline seniors to the members of BrooklineCAN's Livable Community Advocacy Committee. Here are his slides and a handout.
NewIn the summer of 2016 Brookline’s Park and Open Space Division completed work on a pedestrian oasis at the corner of Green Street and John Street near Coolidge Corner. Several years ago, the area was little more than an extension of a Town parking lot with a few neglected benches, overgrown vegetation, and numerous cigarette butts. The “seating area” has been transformed into a mini park with 10 cherry trees and an abundance of azaleas and rhododendrons. Generous donations by Brookline residents have provided handsome and comfortable benches. for Coolidge Corner Neighborhood
BrooklineCAN promoted the project and participated in the design process. At one of its first meetings, our Livable Community Advocacy Committee asked Park and Open Space Director Erin Gallentine to upgrade the property. At the time, it was not even on the Town’s open space inventory. Erin committed to an upgrade with the intention that the space be particularly senior friendly.
After Seniors Take Action
Thanks to an innovative project initiated by BrooklineCAN and involving several Brookline organizations, senior housing residents learned how to organize and present their sidewalk concerns to the Brookline Housing Authority (BHA) and the Department of Public Works (DPW). To everyone's delight, the DPW committed to and repaired most of the sidewalks identified by the residents.
The guide was prepared by BrooklineCAN’s Livable Community Advocacy Committee. In part, the committee calls attention to features that make Brookline a highly livable community. On this page you can find a map of commercial building with doors that open automatically. The committee surveyed and tried out each of the doors identified on the map. Since condition and performance of doors change over time, please inform BrooklineCAN of any changes in the status of any of the doors.
Senior Center Parking
Visitors to the Senior Center often stay more than two hours. Those who drive find that the town's two-hour parking limit is a major inconvenience. This causes some to stay away. The Senior Center and BrooklineCAN's Livable Community Advocacy Committee are working with the town to offer an exception to the two-hour limit for Senior Center visitors. Read all about it here.
Brookline Complete Streets Forum
BrooklineCAN co-sponsored an educational forum on Complete Streets on June 12, 2014 at the Main Library. Complete Streets is a national movement that urges municipalities to develop transportation plans that balance the needs of pedestrians, bicyclists, public transportation users, and motorists. A panel of experts illustrated how Complete Streets design concepts can make the street scape more livable for people of all ages. Scott Englander of the Brookline Transportation Board served as moderator. BrooklineCAN’s leadership role grew out of its advocacy for pedestrians. BrooklineCAN worked with the Brookline Green Caucus (Town Meeting members with strong environmental concerns) in planning the forum. Information about the panelists and other sponsors.
Update: May 2016Brookline Complete Streets Policy As Amended and Adopted by the Select Board May 17, 2016
Models Of Senior Housing Development
As part of Brookline's Age‑Friendly Cities initiative*, the Select Board , Housing Advisory Board, Economic Development Advisory Board, Council on Aging, Health Department and Brookline Community Aging Network (BrooklineCAN) convened a panel of experts who are familiar with Brookline to discuss a variety of models of senior housing.;
On Sunday April 7, 2013 the panelists considered models of housing and services for older people whose needs and financial resources differ widely, in hopes of stimulating discussion, interest and, ultimately, action. This forum attracted both to policy makers and those considering their own futures in Brookline.
On September 10, 2020 BrooklineCAN sponsored a second forum on housing, virtual this time. At that time, five new senior housing developments were in various stages from planning to near completion. Panelists spoke about each. Details and video.
*Brookline is a member of this global network, established by the World Health Organization to foster the exchange of experience and mutual learning among communities worldwide
Bicycles on Sidewalks
Because of our concerns for pedestrian safety, we are examining the regulation bicycle riding on sidewalks in Brookline. In taking up this issue, we are responding particularly to concerns of Beacon Street residents. Beacon Street is used extensively by bicycle commuters. Some cyclists have taken to the sidewalks because they consider the street to be unsafe. Sidewalks are not wide enough for both cyclists and pedestrians.
State law prohibits riding of bicycles on sidewalks in commercial areas. Unfortunately, the boundaries of commercial areas in Brookline are ambiguous as they apply to riding of bicycles on sidewalks. For that reason, it is not clear where state law prohibits riding of bicycles on Beacon Street. To the extent that they are involved with enforcement of traffic regulations involving cyclists, Brookline police discourage riding of bicycles by adults on sidewalks throughout the Town. However, the legal basis for police policy is uncertain. Cyclists have reason to be uncertain about Town policies concerning bicycles on sidewalks. The Town wants to promote safety for both cyclists and pedestrians but has not carefully examined how they should share the sidewalks.
As a result of our inquiries, the Town's legal department has asked the Transportation Board to develop new regulations concerning operation of bicycles on sidewalks. The Board has agreed to take up the issue. We are working with the Board to formulate an effective remedy.
in commercial areas after winter storms
Reflecting our concerns about pedestrian safety, we are monitoring sidewalk conditions in commercial areas after snow storms. In past years, Brookline sidewalks have often been hazardous after storms because of snow and ice. We are particularly concerned about commercial areas because they are used extensively by pedestrians.
Owners of commercial properties and apartment buildings are responsible for clearing sidewalks of snow and ice within a few hours after winter storms. Although the Town helps by plowing many sidewalks including those in commercial areas, property owners remain responsible. Enforcement duties are shared by the Police department, Health Department, and Department of Public Works. Nevertheless, the Town relies heavily on residents to file complaints when there are problems.
We have set up a team that is inspecting sidewalk conditions in the major commercial areas after each significant snow storm. We are reporting problems through Brookonline. The Department of Public Works is committed to following through on our reports. We currently have the capacity to cover Brookline Village, Coolidge Corner, and Washington Square. We welcome other volunteers who will extend our capability at least to the other commercial areas.
By calling attention to the importance of safe sidewalks throughout the winter, we hope to achieve more effective public and private efforts to clear sidewalks of snow and ice.
Update: Frank Caro, BrooklineCAN co-chair and Town Meeting Member, filed a warrant article calling for more proactive enforcement of the town's by-law on snow clearing. From The Brookline Tab via brookline.wickedlocal.com:
Editorial: This is an example of why everyone should support BrooklineCAN.
for Low Income Older Homeowners
The committee is reviewing a Warrant Article for Brookline’s spring 2011 Town Meeting Concerned with financial eligibility for property tax abatements: To see if the town will approve adjustments to the factors applicable to the qualification for the Elderly Tax Exemption provided for and as permitted in General Laws Chapter 59, section 5, clause 41C as follows:
- To reduce the requisite age of eligibility from 70 years of age to 65 years of age;
- To increase the income limit described as the preceding year's gross receipts from all sources from $13,000 to $20,000 for single taxpayers;
- To increase the asset limit described as the whole estate real and personal, from $28,000 to $40,000 for single payers;
- To increase the income limit described as the preceding year's combined gross receipts with his/her spouse from $15,000 to $30,000 for married taxpayers;
- To increase the asset limit described as the whole estate real and personal, from $30,000 to $55,000 for married taxpayers; and
- To exclude from the computation of the whole estate that real property occupied as his/her/their domicile except for any portion of said property which produces income and exceeds three dwelling units.
In May 2011, Town Meeting approved this proposed relaxation in eligibility criteria for the senior property tax exemption.
Elder Friendly Parks
Committee members are examining Brookline parks with an eye on features that make them attractive to older residents. The committee is particularly interested in parks in neighborhoods with large concentrations of older residents. Paths and benches are of particular concern. The committee wants to be assured that paths are in good condition and are free of high-speed bicycle traffic. The committee also wants all parks to provide benches and that benches be in good condition.
Serving Seniors in Brookline Parks, an article on this subject by Livable Community Advocacy Committee chairman Frank Caro, appears in the Brookline Greenspace Alliance's fall 2015 newsletter.
Pedestrian‑friendly sidewalks and crossings
Walking is important for older residents both as a transportation option and as a form of exercise. Good sidewalks are essential for safe walking. Brookline has a major effort to improve sidewalks in progress. Yet, sidewalk conditions need attention not only in the winter but throughout the year. The committee will call attention to sidewalks that particularly need attention.
We are monitoring sidewalks during the winter months and reporting icy ones to the Department of Public Works.
Cross walks are also important for pedestrian safety. The committee will advocate for well-marked cross walks and enforcements of laws to protect pedestrians.
Recently, the Livable Community Advocacy Committee reported a neglected crosswalk on Station Street near the Brookline Village T stop. Within two weeks the crosswalk was repainted. A recent increase in the town's street painting budget allows the Department of Public Works to repaint lane markings twice a year. If you spot a crosswalk that needs repainting, call them at 617-730-2156.
in commercial areas
People of all ages may have an immediate need for access to a toilet when away from home. Visitors to the town’s commercial areas may not readily find a toilet that is open to the public. The committee will encourage merchants to make toilets available to the public. Thus far, the committee has identified restrooms in Brookline's public buildings. We are also identifying restrooms available to the public in the town's commercial areas.
The committee recognizes that housing is a major concern of older residents and will support efforts to expand options for those with low and moderate incomes.
- Number of floors
- Total units with counts by number of bedrooms
- Year constructed
- Amenities - Guest Units, Balconies, Indoor/Outdoor common areas, Guest units, Laundry facilities, Community room, Exercise room, Pool
- Parking (Indoor or outdoor)
- Pet policies
- Concierge, Door attendant
- Handicapped Access
These guides are for BrooklineCAN members only.
for low-income older homeowners
We are concerned about the consequences for low-income, older Brookline home owners of a new method of determining charges for use of water. In July 2011, the Town adopted a new method of calculating charges for use of the water it purchases from the Metropolitan Water Resources Authority and distributes through the Town’s pipes. The old payment system charged customers entirely on the basis of the extent of their water use. The new system introduces a base charge for all users regardless of the amount of water they use. The base charge for most residential customers in the new system is $200 per year. In addition, the new system continues to charge customers on the basis of the amount of water they use. The rationale for the base charge in the new system is that the Town has fixed costs for supplying water regardless of the amount of water used.
One consequence of the new payment system is a proportionately large increase in charges for those who use very little water. We are concerned about low-income older home owners who use minimal amounts of water who may have difficulty in adjusting their budgets to absorb a steep increase in the cost of water. The Town is sensitive to the plight of cash-poor older homeowners and offers several programs to reduce or defer property taxes. We want the Town to be similarly sensitive to low-income older residents in its charges for other services.
With help from the Assessor’s office, we have learned that approximately 100 households headed by an older person are participating in a program to reduce or defer property taxes. Of these, 13 are single-family households. The Town has agreed to examine changes in use of water and charges for water over time to determine how these households have actually been affected by the change in the payment system.
We have been assured that the Select Board shares our concern about the possible adverse impact of “rate shock” on low-income households. The Board will consider a means-tested reduction in base rates if there is evidence of an adverse impact of the system on low-income households. The Town is monitoring water use and water charges for the final six months of 2011. We expect that data will be available in January.
We will be examining the results of the analysis as soon as the information is available. We are prepared to advocate for revised rates in the fiscal year that begins in July 2012. The Select Board is responsible for setting rates for water use as it is for use of other Town services.
In this instance, we are concentrating on home owners because they are charged individually for water use. In the case of multi-family residences, a single water pipe usually serves an entire building. Each building has its own method of charging residents for water. When low-income families live in multi-family buildings with a single water service, there usually is also no way to measure use of water by residents of a particular unit. For these reasons, it is not feasible to determine the extent to which there are frugal, low-income water users who live in multi-family buildings who are adversely affected by the new billing system.
We have been concerned that the new parking meter system adopted by the town in the spring is not elder-friendly. The new pay stations, which have replaced the individual meters at central parking lots and on many streets, have usability issues for drivers of all ages, which the Town is working to rectify. However, we feel the new system poses unique challenges and hazards to older drivers. These include:
- The potentially significant additional walking to and from the car to the pay station – sometimes on icy or slippery pavement
- The need to step up and down a curb in order to use the pay station, posing an additional risk of tripping and falling
- Having to bend down to retrieve the ticket from the pay station
- The possibility of having to stand in line in inclement weather waiting to use the pay station.
While these factors represent inconveniences for most of us, they pose real hazards for elderly people who, while still able to drive and do business around Brookline, may be frail, more prone to losing their balance, or have difficulty walking longer distances.
We would like to help develop a special program for senior residents that would enable them to purchase an annual parking permit instead of paying for each use. Such a program would be revenue-neutral and enable elderly residents to continue enjoying Brookline’s commercial areas. Many communities and municipalities do have special programs for older drivers. In Newton, for example, for $6 per year and in Natick at no charge, senior residents can obtain special parking permits that allow them to park without feeding the meter. We are currently working with Mel Kleckner, Brookline Town Administrator, to further research this idea and assess its practicality for Brookline.
Here is an article that talks about BrooklineCAN's work in this area.
on Brookline Streets
In April 2012, the Brookline Transportation Board revised its regulations for temporary on-street parking to improve options for providers of in-home care. The revised regulations reflect recommendations from
- Caregivers may park for unlimited periods day and night
- Permits may be obtained for up to 180 days; when necessary, permits may be extended for another 180 days.
- Caregivers may park on Brookline streets except when there is a town parking lot within 500 feet of the residence of the care recipient. In those cases, caregivers are expected to park in Town lots.
- Caregivers are not required to pay a fee for permits.
- Caregivers of all kinds are eligible for permits: employees of home care agencies, those employed directly by care recipients, volunteers, family members, and friends.
- Each caregiver must obtain a permit.
- Caregivers must provide documentation of need from a home care agency, a doctor, or a Council on Aging social worker.
- Permits may be obtained from the Transportation Department in Town Hall. For information, call at 617-730-2177.
Support Disclaimer: Inclusion of services on this website does not represent a recommendation from the Brookline Council on Aging, the Brookline Senior Center, or the Brookline Community Aging Network.
Disclaimer: Inclusion of services through this program does not represent a recommendation or guarantee of work performance from the Brookline Council on Aging, the Brookline Senior Center, or the Brookline Community Aging Network. The user of this program therefore agrees to release the above named from any and all liability. The user should make whatever investigation or other resources that they deem necessary or appropriate before hiring or engaging Service Providers. | <urn:uuid:9a459494-7bec-429d-a4ee-37a7fb6655b0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://members.brooklinecan.org/livable_community.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.948551 | 4,488 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Not our cup of tea: Consent merits more complex discussions during O-Week
Think back to your Orientation Week. Sift through the memories of speeches and late nights and picture 100 students crammed in the Herzstein 212 lecture hall you would later come to associate with math tests gone bad and long POLI lectures. Now, remember the laughter that filled the room as a certain video was projected on two large, white screens.
Everyone remembers the “tea video” from O-Week. Everyone remembers the feeling of absurdity it invoked. But why — two, three, four years later — do we call it the “tea video”? Why do we not refer to it as the “consent video”? The importance of the topic the video addresses is lost as people remember only the associated laughter and silliness in the weeks and years following their O-Week.
Imagine you are a new student who is already nervous about coming to college, perhaps even coping with the emotional trauma of past sexual violence. Your advisors tell you that you will be attending a “well-being talk” and you are immediately on edge, hoping that this will not trigger a visible response. How must it feel to sit in a room full of your peers while they laugh hysterically at a video that makes you feel incredibly uncomfortable? This video portrays the idea of not getting consent before sex as a ridiculous notion. How do you think that would make someone who has been denied the ability to give consent in the past feel? As if they should have stopped their perpetrator? As if they could have prevented this “ridiculous” situation from happening? It is an immediately isolating experience, something that no new student should have to go through, especially during O-Week.
We understand the intention of the video, so far as it seeks to make the idea of consent seem as straightforward and obvious as drinking tea; however, this video is age-inappropriate. It would be a wonderful introduction to consent in a middle school or ninth-grade health class. But everyone who watches this video during O-Week should be treated as an adult. Realistically, the well-being session during O-Week may be the first place many students hear consent named, depending on the amount of sexual education they received prior to coming to Rice. In which case, is this what we want a student’s first encounter with healthy sexual practices to be? While the video may be effective for a younger student, a college freshman realistically needs a more comprehensive introduction to consent, especially if they lack a good foundation in sexual education.
The situational video that is also shown during the well-being discussion is a much better example of a video that shows a dangerous but more realistic situation in which someone cannot give consent. It exhibits actions bystanders can take to participate in a culture of care as well as takes the impetus off the victim to stop the assault. Additionally, the video creates a space for discussion about the different problems and actions presented. In contrast, we believe the “tea video” leaves little room for discussion — real situations are never as black and white as this video makes them out to be, creating a need for a conversation to better unpack these complex scenarios. What better way to continue the dialogue of sexual violence prevention than by having honest discussions with the same people who you could potentially see in these situations during the following years? Sexual violence is an issue on Rice’s campus, and this video may have the unintended consequence of diminishing the average Rice student’s understanding of the gravity of the problem. Regarding this problematic lack of discussion, we recognize and appreciate the steps that the Critical Thinking in Sexuality workshop has taken to discuss consent. A potential solution to the issues posed by the tea video may be to take the first lesson on consent from CTIS and incorporate it into the well-being portion of O-Week. Because the CTIS course is deeply based in small-group discussion, perhaps O-Week groups could conduct a guided discussion following the well-being session. In doing this, this important subject would be continued past the hour spent in the lecture hall. If videos are agreed upon to be the most effective way to approach this topic, there are many other options: for example, Planned Parenthood has a short, four-video series on consent and many examples of what it looks like. These videos provide the same content that the tea video seeks to express, but in a more mature and thought-provoking manner.
The “tea video” seeks to make the topic of consent more digestible. However, consent should not be an “easy” subject to talk about. It should not be a lighthearted part of O-Week when sexual violence on our campus is still a major issue. We should create a space for ongoing conversation about consent and sexual violence that begins with O-Week. We hope to start a conversation with the Office of Wellbeing to urge them to change the way that they present consent during O-Week.
More from The Rice Thresher
Before you attend a counseling session at the Rice counseling center, you will be told that “the RCC maintains strict standards regarding privacy.” You will find statements from the university that your mental health record will not be shared with anyone outside of extreme situations of imminent harm, and only then that your information will be shared with only the necessary officials. This sounds great, except that these assurances bear no teeth whatsoever — no enforcement agency ensures that Rice follows its public confidentiality promises, and there are no penalties for Rice if they break them. The Wellbeing and Counseling Centers should more directly communicate the limits of their confidentiality policies when compared to unaffiliated counseling centers, and students in sensitive situations should take the necessary precautions to protect their information.
This week marks the last issue of the Thresher for the year, and for the seniors like myself, our last issue ever. I have been a part of the Thresher since freshman year. And it would not be an exaggeration to say it has defined my Rice experience. As someone pursuing a career in journalism after graduation, there has been no better place to learn than at this paper.
In January, the Rice Board of Trustees announced plans to move the Founder’s memorial to another area of the academic quad as part of a whole redesign, adding additional context of his “entanglement” with slavery. This comes despite continual calls from the student body to not have the enslaver displayed in the quad regardless of the context provided. It would be just for these calls to action and the majority of the Task Force Committee who voted to not keep it there that the Board of Trustees decide to not keep the memorial prominently displayed in the quad at all. | <urn:uuid:46123109-495d-408f-8a14-4442af56f2b2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ricethresher.org/article/2018/04/not-our-cup-of-tea-consent-merits-more-complex-discussions-during-o-week | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.963116 | 1,386 | 2.171875 | 2 |
As a long time resident of Pittsburgh, I was excited to learn that the G20 Summit was going to be held here. International exposure like that can only be positive for Pittsburgh's image, right? You'd think so.
But depending on who you asked prior to its arrival, there were many who feared the worst. Even with reports like the one from GlobalPittsburgh.org, stating that the value of the international publicity from G20 exceeded $100 million before a single dignitary arrived, a shadow of doubt existed among many of the locals.
But what does all of this have to do with digital marketing? Well, the whole conversation got me thinking that despite the myriad of "Best Places to Live" honors over the past 15 years (from publications like "The Economist" and "Forbes"), Pittsburgh remains a challenger brand.
We all know in today's world that online word-of-mouth and social media conversations can quickly affect a brand's reputation. So as social media practitioners, we put our tools in motion to analyze the conversations and help us get a pulse on the situation.
What we learned in Pittsburgh was a bit surprising. The volume of social media conversations was much lower than expected and user-generated opinions were not as prevalent. Did this mean that people didn't care about G20? Or did it mean that the typical practitioners of social media were getting their news elsewhere? Not sure. But one thing is: G20 generated major buzz for Pittsburgh. Our tools monitored almost 40,000 posts during the two-day summit compared to only hundreds of posts during the days leading up to the G20 Summit.
Although it will be a few months before we realize the full effect of G20 on the Pittsburgh brand, these conversations helped us conclude:
- The overall conversation about Pittsburgh was elevated tremendously even when G20-specific topics were not part of the conversation. And many of those conversations were international in nature -- nine different languages were tracked with French and Spanish being the most prevalent.
- The positive comments outpaced negative comments by at least a 2 to 1 margin. Many positive comments related to the city's preparation for the event, major venues (like the Warhol Museum) and the city in general. The negative comments seemed to center around highly localized issues like traffic, parking and protests.
- Interestingly, major venues for G20 events benefited most from blog mentions and comments, while the protester conversations were being fueled by microblogging services such as Twitter.
Our two days of monitoring also reminded us of several best practices that are easy to lose sight of when things are morphing so quickly:
- Start listening to your relevant conversations now. It takes time to gain true learnings. Listen to your worst critics and learn from them.
- Put someone in charge of your social-media strategy so that they can be thinking proactively at all times to capitalize on a major, traffic-driving newsworthy event when appropriate. Jumping in at the last minute doesn't work. Phipps Conservatory -- where the opening reception dinner was held –- was prepared with a full online presence touting its green and sustainability initiatives.
- Get your IT infrastructure in order so that you can incorporate a Twitter feed, or push out your agenda via RSS at a moment's notice.
- Find a way to incorporate a strong point-of-view into your organization's blog. If done right, it can become one of your most heavily-trafficked tools in this scenario.
- Modify your price-per-click campaign to take advantage of the buzz. UPMC, a leading health-care provider, was the only firm we saw that purchased paid G20-related Google ads. This was smart because Google had 10 times as many searches as there were social-media posts.
In the end, the G20 Summit served to remind us that in today's world, all marketers need to have a well-thought-out social media strategy in place. It's simply no longer an option not to. Will you be ready when the world shows up on your doorstep?
~ ~ ~
Rick Gardinier is senior VP-chief digital officer at independent, full-service agency Brunner, whose clients include GSK consumer brands, Cub Cadet outdoor power equipment, Golf Pride club grips and Zippo lighters, among others. Follow him on Twitter @gardinier and @BRUNNERworks. | <urn:uuid:d7abb0a8-cb46-4f89-b573-dc1f8fb59d64> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://adage.com/article/digitalnext/social-media-marketing-pittsburgh-fared-g20-buzz/139476/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00029-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96666 | 902 | 1.734375 | 2 |
ERIC Number: ED231376
Record Type: Non-Journal
Publication Date: 1982-Dec
Reference Count: N/A
The Evolution of Library Outreach 1960-75 and Its Effect on Reader Services: Some Considerations. Occasional Paper Number 16.
The literature of American public library outreach services over a 15-year period is reviewed in the context of the War on Poverty milieu and the four functions of reader services: information, instruction, guidance, and stimulation to use. Three formats were typically present in this literature: broad statements of need, justifications of services to meet needs, and program reports. Evaluative research and research into the information needs and information-seeking patterns of the poor were sporadically reported during this period together with program reports. Emphasis on research increased in the seventies. From 1960 to 1963 the literature concentrated on barriers to physical access to library service. Three approaches to service emerged which forecast the War on Poverty outreach styles: intensified traditional library services, community based service, and political solutions. During the 1964-68 War on Poverty period, four service models dominated the literature: (1) relevant traditional, (2) community life participation, (3) storefront communications centers, and (4) cooperation with other agencies. From 1968 through 1975 the emphasis in the literature switched to more specific client group definition, an interest in research on information needs and emphasis on program evaluation, and a growing focus on literacy and on information and referral. The author's vita concludes the pamphlet. (Author/ESR)
Descriptors: Community Information Services, Economically Disadvantaged, Information Needs, Information Seeking, Library Extension, Library Research, Library Services, Literature Reviews, Outreach Programs, Public Libraries, Research Reports
Publications Office, Graduate School of Library & Information Science, University of Illinois, 249 Armory Bldg., 505 E. Armory St., Champaign, IL 61820 ($3.00, per copy prepaid. Subscriptions are available at $10.00 per year).
Publication Type: Information Analyses
Education Level: N/A
Authoring Institution: Illinois Univ., Champaign. Graduate School of Library Science. | <urn:uuid:2e42de38-722a-40f1-b6ba-776b7f02665c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED231376 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00455-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.87878 | 449 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Aerospace giant Boeing Co. predicted Tuesday the number of commercial aircraft in operation globally will double in the next two decades, with the bulk of some 35,000 new planes going to Asia.
Speaking ahead of the Bourget international air show in Paris, Randy Tinseth, Boeing's vice president of marketing, said rising oil prices are forcing carriers to think harder about efficiency, and that means smaller planes burning less fuel.
It also means design changes, streamlined air traffic control and improved navigation to shave miles off each flight.
The demand for fuel efficiency has eaten away at orders for the widebody long-haul craft that are major profit-drivers for Boeing and Airbus, the world's two biggest aircraft manufacturers. Boeing predicted 24,670 of the 35,000 new airplanes would be single-aisle jets, seating between 90 and 230 passengers. Just 760 were expected to be large widebody airliners, seating 400 or more passengers.
The 20-year forecast, which Boeing puts out annually, predicts 60 percent of the demand for aircraft will come from Asia, Latin America and the Middle East, the rest from carriers in Europe and North America.
The commercial fleet today stands at 20,310 aircraft, Boeing said. Counting the withdrawal of older planes, the fleet is forecast to grow to 41,240 by 2032.
Boeing had a tough start this year, when its flagship 787 was grounded worldwide because of smoldering batteries on two planes. U.S. regulators have since cleared the plane to fly again. Airbus, meanwhile, is introducing a new plane -- the company said the A350 will fly for the first time Friday, taking off from an airport near Paris.
The A350 will compete with the 787 and Boeing's 777. Both the 787 and the A350 are more fuel-efficient than previous long-haul aircraft. -- AP | <urn:uuid:fba9c5ff-9230-4131-8e03-f5d1ece2a8e9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.newsday.com/business/boeing-sees-doubling-of-aircraft-by-2032-1.5460731 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00049-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947848 | 382 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Christina Jewett & Stephen K. Doig of California Watch and Janet Lavelle of the U-T
Careful documentation of legitimate diagnoses 12% (17)
Purposeful coding to increase Medicare reimbursements 88% (120)
137 total votes.
Prime Healthcare Services bills Medicare for a variety of unusual ailments – among them a brain disease and a rare acceleration of high blood pressure – at higher rates than its peers, according to a California Watch analysis.
The 14-hospital chain includes Paradise Valley in National City and Alvarado in San Diego.
Several former Prime doctors and back-office medical coders said in interviews or court testimony that the company’s owner, Dr. Prem Reddy, urged staff to log common medical conditions as more serious ailments, opening the door to higher Medicare payments.
Often, the extra payment “wasn’t earned and wasn’t deserved,” said Chuck Phelps, a top coding official who resigned in 2007 over concerns about the chain’s billing practices.
Prime officials labeled the former employees as disgruntled. They said the chain only encourages doctors to fully record diagnoses and treatment in patient charts to improve care and make billing more accurate.
“I know all doctors will be doing what we do in a couple of years,” Dr. Larry Emdur, chief medical officer at Alvarado Hospital Medical Center in San Diego, told The San Diego Union-Tribune. “We’re just ahead of the curve because we’re teaching our doctors better documentation” of patient care.
California Watch examined data for Medicare patients 65 and older billed by the state’s hospitals in 2010, focusing on three medical conditions that Reddy highlighted during a December 2010 meeting with the staff at Alvarado, a month after the chain bought the hospital. The analysis found:
• Prime recorded malignant hypertension cases – a rapid onset of high blood pressure – at 11 times the statewide average. Hospitals can earn about $3,000 more when reporting the condition.
• Prime owns six of the seven hospitals in California that reported the highest rates of encephalopathy, a brain injury characterized by swelling, an inability to concentrate and drowsiness. A hospital could earn $7,000 more for treating the condition as a complication of pneumonia.
• Prime treated 3.6 percent of the state’s Medicare patients and reported handling 77 percent of the cases of autonomic nerve disorder among that patient population. Treating the disorder – a potentially deadly condition related to Parkinson’s disease, diabetes and alcoholism – can earn $5,000 more for a hospital if coded the right way.
Based in Ontario, Prime specializes in turning around struggling hospitals and earned $97 million in profit in 2010, according to state records. The company chose not to engage California Watch in a discussion of its numbers, and said its coding practices are a matter of diligent documentation of patient care.
Emdur, who was named chief medical officer at Alvarado in April, confirmed the Reddy meeting and told the U-T that shortly after Prime bought Alvarado, the chief medical officer for Prime’s four Orange County hospitals came to San Diego for a series of meetings with doctors and medical staff.
Dr. Hassan Alkhouli reviewed documentation and coding issues with them, Emdur said.
“What we found was, we were doing an OK job of documentation but we could do better,” Emdur said. “We were leaving a lot of information on the table. It’s important that every problem the patient has is captured and documented. That’s really what the training was about.”
As an example, Emdur said, a doctor treating a patient for pneumonia may also diagnose and treat for encephalopathy and put it in the patient’s chart, but in the past, may have left it out of the discharge summary.
“If it’s not mentioned in the discharge summary, it’s as if it was never done and you can’t code it,” said Luis Leon, chief executive for Alvarado and Paradise Valley hospitals.
Emdur said he believes increasing state and federal scrutiny of hospitals and doctors over quality of care will force more doctors and hospitals to do what Prime does now.
Alkhouli, a pulmonary clinical care specialist, said he makes presentations at hospitals around Southern California and is certified by the national Association for Clinical Documentation Improvement Specialists. He said he held three meetings last winter at Alvarado for physicians and staffers.
“In my presentations, I never mention anything about reimbursement. My concern is to fully document how sick patients are and what was done,” he said.
Anneke Doty, a former Alvarado staffer who teaches medical coding and has been in the field for 10 years, attended the December 2010 meeting with Reddy and took Prime’s practices another way.
“I had never heard of anything so blatantly wrong,” Doty said.
Doty and former medical coder Danika Fedeli said the chain owner described medical conditions that he encouraged doctors to document, assuring physicians that his advice was legal and could shore up hospital finances.
Joseph Ingrande, Doty and Fedeli’s supervisor, said the meeting spurred him to leave. He sent a resignation letter just a few days afterward to hospital executives.
“To stay and be part of these practices would give the appearance I approve and validate these procedures,” he wrote. “I cannot with good (conscience) be part of these activities which could potentially put me in legal jeopardy with (Medicare).”
Doty and Fedeli said Reddy talked specifically about how to handle patients who had fainted. He told the group that these patients could just as well be described as having a rare condition called autonomic nerve disorder, according to Doty and Fedeli.
While patients with the nerve disorder may faint, according to medical research, they also may have a wide range of other symptoms from trouble swallowing to difficulty going to the bathroom.
“He made the comment that autonomic nerve disorder is such a vague, general description … that no one could ever question (it),” Doty recalled. “I was thinking, ‘This is crazy, how can I get out of here?’ ”
Doty and Fedeli said Reddy also directed doctors and coders to document accelerated hypertension, also known as malignant hypertension, if they encountered patients with blood pressure above a certain level.
Malignant hypertension is a sudden and intense surge in blood pressure that is considered a medical emergency, according to the National Institutes of Health.
Doty and Fedeli also recalled that during the December meeting at Alvarado, Reddy informed a doctor that he should have documented encephalopathy in the case of a patient who had an altered level of consciousness.
“In my opinion, the biggest problem was Dr. Reddy was coaching these doctors,” Fedeli said.
Dr. Geoffrey Sheean, who specializes in neurology and sees patients at UC San Diego Medical Center, said he has only diagnosed the rare nerve disorder among inpatients twice in 13 years.
He said that an inaccurate diagnosis could mislead future doctors who treat that patient – and can lead to unnecessary tests, additional costs and a delay of appropriate care.
“It does have real patient care consequences, and that’s the more disturbing part to me,” Sheean said.
When a hospital improperly assigns a reimbursement code to medical conditions to boost Medicare funding, it’s called “upcoding,” an illegal practice that Prime says it does not engage in.
Company spokesman Edward Barrera said Prime complies with all state and federal guidelines and relies on hospital chief executives and its vice president of clinical operations to oversee compliance.
“We are an award-winning health care company with hospitals that consistently rank highest in the nation for quality care,” Barrera said. Thomson Reuters, which ranks hospitals, has named several Prime facilities among the 100 best in the nation.Copyright © 2016, The San Diego Union-Tribune | <urn:uuid:8a3f1337-6642-4202-a62d-7fe511800912> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/watchdog/sdut-rate-of-rare-ailments-is-high-at-prime-hospitals-2011oct14-htmlstory.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721141.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00417-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96012 | 1,713 | 1.640625 | 2 |
On the surface, it seemed like something pretty easy to do. While in Sketch Mode for the masking region, you can select the boundary line you want to paramaterize to control its visibility and add a Yes/No field to it. You can check out the accompanying image to see how I attempted this. Seems like it would do the trick, right?
The problem is that it just flat doesn’t work. For some reason, the Visibility parameter doesn’t apply to masking region boundaries. I fought with the masking region a bit before eventually, I figured out a pretty easy work around. It was one of those things I figured out while deep in the middle of a family creation project that saved the day, but I didn’t take the time to put together a blog post or video to share it with my fellow Reviteers.
Well, Jose over at Andekan has created a great (while lengthy) video showing the problem and the work around. Check it out, after this brief description of the solution. Here’s the trick:
You can’t control the visibility of a Revit masking region boundary with a parameter.
Instead, change the linework of the boundary lines that you need to control to ‘Invisible’. Now they will never be seen. Exit sketch mode for the masking region.
Next, draw new Symbolic Lines over the top of them. Guess what? Symbolic Lines CAN have a parameter that controls their visibility!
You should be able to take it from there. If you want to see a great step by step, check out the video from Andekan. Also, be sure to check out their high quality custom Revit families. These guys do a great job of creating powerful and parametric Revit content.
We’ve been waiting for it for years and it’s finally here! Well, sorta. Sorry, before I get your hopes up too high, let me tell you that the headline is a little misleading. There are many great new features and improvements in Revit Architecture 2012, but, sad to say, text manipulation and formatting still has a long way to go. So, how can we get our notes and text to wrap into multiple, free flowing columns? It’s pretty easy, once you know the technique.
We Know: Revit is not AutoCAD
If you’re at all like me, you probably hate it when people compare Revit to AutoCAD, i.e. “AutoCAD can do this… why can’t Revit?” It’s generally not very productive to make these comparisons, as these are two very different products. However, when it comes to text, it’s hard not to make comparisons. AutoCAD has made great strides in the last 10 years and now boasts a pretty full featured set of text formatting and manipulation tools that sometimes leaves Revit users envious. After all, MTEXT has given us easy column flow in AutoCAD for some time now. Just click the bottom grip, and, like magic, the text flows into multiple columns.
I understand that Revit is not a Word Processor, and it was never designed to be used to make large amounts of text look pretty. Even so, the fact is that in a typical set of construction documents, there are plenty of sheets that include a ton of notes. Sometimes, a whole sheet is dedicated to General Notes. So, how can we accomplish a multiple column effect? The trick is to create a Key Schedule instead of a Text object. Schedules can be split easily into columns and flow easily.
Here is how to Wrap Text into Columns in Revit:
Name the schedule appropriately, such as GENERAL NOTES, and add the COMMENTS field to it.
Name the headings # and Note, if you like (we’ll hide the headings anyway, so it doesn’t really matter.)
Now, cut and paste each of your notes into its own row. That’s the only tedious part, but getting the column flow flexibility makes it worth it.
If you really want the schedule to look more like notes than a table, turn off the lines.
You get a grip at the bottom very similar to the grip for MTEXT in AutoCAD that can be used to adjust the height of the column. You can continue to break up the schedule into even more columns.
To rejoin columns into a single column, just drag and drop it onto the main text block. Easy! By the way, this technique isn’t exclusive to 2012. It works for 2011 and 2010 as well.
The Future of Revit
So, this is a bit of a hack until we finally get some of those long awaited text tools in Revit. Rest assured, the Factory is not unaware of the current state of Revit’s text tools, and is always working on ways to give users what they need. Not being a hard-core programmer myself, I can’t really talk about what the hold up is, but I do understand enough to know that AutoCAD and Revit are built on very different software platforms, so it’s certainly not as easy as pulling a module of AutoCAD code and slapping it into Revit. Good things take time, and I look forward to the day I can announce that Revit 20xx has had a text formatting overhaul!
Until then, workarounds like this can get us through, and still let us benefit from the vast number of things that Revit really does rock at!
As many of you already know, I’m a big Ecotect Analysis fan. Over the past year I’ve had the pleasure (well, mostly a pleasure) of helping hundreds of designers in the US and parts of Europe use this tool to improve the performance of their buildings. That being said, I’m also the first to admit that the process of creating an efficient BIM that can be used for energy analysis is far from perfect. At times it’s time consuming, and other times, it’s just frustrating. Even after getting the hang of it, the process could certainly be improved.
Well, the good news is that our great friends at Autodesk have been hard at work to improve this process and to lower the barrier to entry to start using analysis on all of your designs. The tool they’ve developed is the Conceptual Energy Analysis plug in and the best news is that it runs right inside of Revit!
I’m sure you’ve already heard of it, and maybe even checked out some of the videos Autodesk has posted on Youtube. But, just to show you how easy it is to start using this great tool, I’ve put together a list of 10 easy steps to jump start your building analysis.
This application makes it a snap to upload a properly formed thermal model to the Autodesk Cloud, making use of the Green Building Studio web service to perform whole building energy analysis but without the pain of submitting it to GBS yourself. The analysis is fast, easy, and turns out some awesome charts and graphics to help validate your design decisions. Get up to the Subscription Center right now and give this tool a whirl!
There you have it. I know I told you there were 10 steps. The 11th pic is not a step — that’s your results! Enjoy them. See, I told you it was easy…
You can use Ecotect with the model the Conceptual Energy Analysis tool builds. Simply click Export and choose gbXML. Import it into Ecotect and you’re ready get down to business with an incredibly clean and well constructed thermal model!
- Export to gbXML from the Results and Compare dialog.
- Import the gbXML into Ecotect and perform your analysis with an incredibly clean, efficient, and well constructed thermal model!
Amazing! Thanks, Autodesk.
This article attempts to strategize ways by how to utilize the downloads for the future when repair, reinstall, clean installs and updates are attempted.
This release year’s software enhancements available to Subscription customers center around integration and communication. The offering includes:
- New avatars
- Appearance profiler add-in
- Extended support for existing applications
- New file format support
Select from an extended range of third-person avatars to better explore project models and communicate stakeholder perspectives.
Represent various roles such as safety professionals, construction workers and building inhabitants.
Override the appearance of multiple objects within the model based on user-defined classifications.
In fewer clicks than before, we can color-code objects by property values such as systems and even sub-components of those systems to clarify related objects or groupings.
Keep workflows current with support for existing applications:
- Primavera P6 v7
- Google™ SketchUp™ v7
- Autodesk® Inventor® products
And improve object quality and access to property information through direct file support with PTC’s Pro/ENGINEER® parametric file format.
Subscription customers for Navisworks Manage & Simulate, the Education Suites, and the Factory Design and Plant Design Suites can begin taking advantage of this offering today. | <urn:uuid:592f3e4c-20a5-47d8-bae7-ed4f570cfda9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cadsoft-consult.com/blogs/architectural-technology/category/2011/page/2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00319-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.929889 | 1,957 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Out on a Saturday night in Oakland with community activist Akil Truso, it doesn't take long before he’s called to quell the tension in an area near 97th and International Boulevard. Someone gave word that a retaliation might erupt after a 14 year old was recently shot nearby.
It’s the experience of residents like Truso, that’s prompted Oakland city leaders to look for innovative ways to reduce violence tied to guns. Some have suggested local tracing of guns as a means to reduce the violence Truso sees almost daily.
“Most of the stuff that happens out here starts with something petty, like you staring at me too long. You stepped on my foot,” Truso said, detailing the many firsthand experiences he’s had with gun violence, particularly among young people. “There are some 10 year olds out here that don’t have enough money for a haircut, but have a $900 Glock [gun] in their drawers. That’s just ridiculous.”
Truso left the gang life a few years ago. Part of his self-prescribed rehabilitation is grassroots outreach to young people still in gangs. Truso is at ground zero in Oakland, most recently ranked “America’s 4th most dangerous city” according to FBI crime statistics. In 2012, Oakland had the highest number of armed robberies per capita, nearly 12 a day.
The statistics illustrate a pervasive problem Oakland has been dealing with for decades: an inordinate number of gun-related crimes for a city of this size. NBC Bay Area requested data from Oakland police for every time an officer confiscated a gun from 2010-2012. In that time period, 3722 guns were seized by police, or about 3 guns a day. That’s 35% more than the number of guns confiscated in San Francisco in the same time period, a city with twice the population.
The Oakland police data showed 191 guns were involved in some form of assault and 397 were concealed weapons, but the crime most often committed when a gun was confiscated involved drugs, 830, or 22% of the crimes.
“Guns and drugs coincide. They go hand in hand,” a former gang member said. To protect him from retaliation, NBC Bay Area is not identifying him. He said he trafficked guns and drugs between Oakland and San Jose for years.
“If I’m selling dope, I’m going to have me a whole duffle bag full of guns because ain’t no telling who you going to run into,” he said. He said gun trafficking in Oakland was something he saw “almost every day of the week.”
“The proliferation of guns on Oakland streets is a terror,” Libby Schaaf said. The Oakland city council member and mayoral candidate co-authored AB 180 [PDF]. The bill would have given Oakland local control over gun registration and licensing. The plan would require gun owners to provide personal information to authorities, something that no other city in California currently requires.
“It would give us more information that would help reveal this illegal gun trafficking, Schaaf said. “Guns are flowing into our city and being used for crime all the time and it has got to stop.”
Schaaf said a decade ago when Oakland had active gun tracing in collaboration with the ATF, police shut down a San Leandro sports shop responsible for trafficking guns. That partnership ended after resources ran out, but Schaaf says it delivered results.
“It was that data that led federal agents to uncover this store was actually selling things out the back to criminals,” Schaaf said.
But Governor Brown vetoed AB 180, saying it would “sow confusion and uncertainty” for individual cities to have their own more restrictive gun laws.
After his staff denied multiple requests to interview the former Oakland mayor , NBC Bay Area caught up with Governor Brown at a recent press conference to ask if he would support any attempt at gun legislation, aimed specifically at Oakland.
“I don’t think this is a matter of bills, this is a matter of a community coming together. More codes that take a year to pass and years to implement and maybe or maybe not going to solve the problem are not the way to go.”
When asked if city leaders should come back with another bill, Brown said the solution isn't new laws, it’s better enforcement of existing ones.
“We've passed a tremendous number of laws. There’s something else called administering the laws.”
Schaaf said the city isn't giving up. “One size doesn't fit all. Different cities in California have much different issues around guns and the idea that every community in California should be subject to the same law doesn't make sense particularly in a city like Oakland that has such an urgent need." | <urn:uuid:7ee2c6b7-e2df-41f9-b5f5-db970aaa8647> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nbcbayarea.com/investigations/Could-Gun-Tracing-Reduce-Violent-Crime-in-Oakland-control-247162101.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00158-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972506 | 1,022 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Keywords: cantilever beams, damping capacity, dynamic slip ratio, energy dissipation, free vibration, interface pressure, joints, kinematic coefficient of friction, materials, relative spacing, static bending stiffness, surface roughness, structural engineering, surface quality
Damping of layered cantilever beams of various materials with uniform intensity of pressure distribution at the interfaces
The mechanism of energy dissipation in a jointed cantilever structure with bolts has been investigated for mild steel, aluminium and copper materials. Experiments have been conducted to validate the numerical analysis. The interface pressure and its distribution characteristics, relative spacing between the connecting bolts, material, kinematic coefficient of friction and dynamic slip ratio at the interfaces, diameter of the bolts and frequency of vibration are found to play vital roles on the damping capacity of fabricated structures and this capacity can be improved substantially by maintaining uniform intensity of pressure distribution at the interfaces along with more number of layers. Further, it is found that the layered aluminium structures contribute more to the damping capacity compared to other materials due to higher interface friction and lower static bending stiffness. This concept can be used in selecting a proper material for the structures depending on the required damping in real applications. | <urn:uuid:9883160e-6e95-429a-b742-786239164508> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.environmental-expert.com/articles/damping-of-layered-cantilever-beams-of-various-materials-with-uniform-intensity-of-pressure-distribu-436756 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00336-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.901911 | 246 | 2.484375 | 2 |
Ignite Your Heart and Soul with Sara Troy and her guest Feroze Dada, on air from January 18th
A Disciple describes a singular journey with a universal appeal, on the path of Perennial Wisdom. There are lessons for us all as we recognise the call from our inner spirit, our yearning for ‘something other’ in a materialistic world that so often leaves us dissatisfied.
There is another way for us to live, and A Disciple asks important questions about faith and spirituality and connects us with the power of meditation. The author believes passionately that it is a meditation that provides the foundation for a caring and compassionate future.
The story is told with engaging candour, with tales from mythology, quotations from Rumi, and references to Sufi texts all adding colour to the Wisdom Teachings he is receiving. The wise ones spoke in parables and metaphor because that is the form that penetrates and transcends our defenses. We go to some deeper part of ourselves; non-linear and non-cerebral, which is what meditation is.
A Disciple is a fascinating exploration of how meditation can not only awaken our latent potential to live the best lives we can, but also transform the world.
We are on 4 sites and 14 audio and 2 video platforms as seen here.
Feroze Dada was born in Karachi, and has lived and worked for most of his life in London. He worked
in the finance sector and was entrepreneurial in helping several media start-up companies. A decade
ago, his life changed when he went to Myanmar to visit his wife’s family. He became deeply involved
in working with a Buddhist monastery in Shan Province, helping it over a number of years to become
self-sufficient, supporting as it does some 1200 orphan children. SEE HERE
He became a meditation practitioner and continued to work with his Sufi teacher, learning how to
live a fulfilled and meaningful life, and by helping others.
He is the interviewer and producer of the online TV series Discovering Humanity and Our One World,
and author of Children of the Revolution; A Spiritual Journey to Burma and Buddhism.
As well as his work as founder of The Inle Trust Charity, set up to help the children at the Phaya
Taung monastery in Myanmar, he teaches and promotes meditation at The Sylvan Healing Sanctuary
in London. This is a community of healers, teachers and practitioners that offer energy healing,
meditation and mindfulness.
His wife MuMu (Farida) is from Taunggyi, Myanmar. They have two children; Nadir and Sumaya, and
grandchild Layla. They divide their time between their homes in London and Italy.
NEWS & REVIEWS
You may have found yourself reading these words out of curiosity or fascination but perhaps there’s a wish, like Feroze, to know. His book is a bridge to you from a world that is unseen by most except those that are seekers.
These pages are filled with personal anecdotal experiences that may seem straight from a fairy tale. However, they’re the experiences of a seeker who’s spent many years looking for his truth. His faith and acceptance of his experiences has allowed these pages to emerge from the mists into reality.
It’s more than a good story, it’s the path of one who’s been willing to plant his seeds of experience to build a bridge to us so you can go on to plant your own seeds as seekers, allow them to germinate and build your own bridges to the unknown.
These words will never be a substitute for your own experiences but they can act as a guide for you from another’s journey.
Sylvan Healing Sanctuary.
When Feroze asked me to review his book, I replied that it would be a privilege and an honour to do so; it has not disappointed, this is a book which tells a wonderful story.
I practise as a doctor and surgeon, so professionally have much interest in the sections of the book devoted to healing; these are impressive and riveting. However, I also read the book from the position of a Seeker; this book is full of wonderful insights, into seeking the Kingdom of God within. It incorporates practical advice as to the different types of meditative exercises Feroze has mastered and his desire to share these things with fellow seekers to our potential betterment.
This is a timely and brave book as the world adjusts to the Covid 19 pandemic and across the globe there is an enhanced desire to care for our planet and ourselves, not just in mind and body but also in our souls.
This book shows us routes to spiritual well-being, via caring for others, meditation and prayer. I have always described Feroze as my Sufi Moslem, Buddhist, Franciscan Christian friend; this book confirms me in that view.
Feroze has much to share and he does it beautifully.
Dr. J Richard Smith
Gynecological surgeon & Writer | <urn:uuid:da151111-2fbd-4c0a-946e-fce27e2410bd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://selfdiscoverymedia.com/2022/01/17/ig22-03-a-disciple-by-feroze-dada/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.967902 | 1,110 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Background: Pediatric brain tumor survivors are at risk for poor social outcomes. It remains unknown whether cognitive sparing with proton radiotherapy (PRT) supports better social outcomes relative to photon radiotherapy (XRT). We hypothesized that survivors treated with PRT would outperform those treated with XRT on measures of cognitive and social outcomes. Further, we hypothesized that cognitive performance would predict survivor social outcomes. Procedure: Survivors who underwent PRT (n = 38) or XRT (n = 20) participated in a neurocognitive evaluation >1 year post radiotherapy. Group differences in cognitive and social functioning were assessed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Regression analyses examined predictors of peer relations and social skills. Results: Age at evaluation, radiation dose, tumor diameter, and sex did not differ between groups (all p >.05). XRT participants were younger at diagnosis (XRT M = 5.0 years, PRT M = 7.6 years) and further out from radiotherapy (XRT M = 8.7 years, PRT M = 4.6 years). The XRT group performed worse than the PRT group on measures of processing speed (p =.01) and verbal memory (p <.01); however, social outcomes did not differ by radiation type. The proportion of survivors with impairment in peer relations and social skills exceeded expectation; χ2(1) = 38.67, p <.001; χ2(1) = 5.63, p <.05. Household poverty predicted peer relation difficulties (t = 2.18, p <.05), and verbal memory approached significance (t = −1.99, p =.05). Tumor diameter predicted social skills (t = −2.07, p <.05). Conclusions: Regardless of radiation modality, survivors are at risk for social challenges. Deficits in verbal memory may place survivors at particular risk. Results support monitoring of cognitive and social functioning throughout survivorship, as well as consideration of sociodemographic risk factors.
- brain tumor
- proton radiation
- social adjustment
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health | <urn:uuid:83e82549-5e56-48e8-839a-8fb8426dee89> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scholars.houstonmethodist.org/en/publications/cognitive-predictors-of-social-adjustment-in-pediatric-brain-tumo | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.920598 | 472 | 2.390625 | 2 |
We report the first measurement of the forward-backward asymmetry and the ratios of Wilson coefficients A9/A7 and A10/A7 in Bâ†' K*â.,"+â.,"-, where â.," represents an electron or a muon. We find evidence for the forward-backward asymmetry with a significance of 3.4Ï. The results are obtained from a data sample containing 386 106†â€BB pairs that were collected on the Î¥(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Physics and Astronomy(all) | <urn:uuid:9af148a5-748f-41ff-912c-ab822bf39e43> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://okayama.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/measurement-of-forward-backward-asymmetry-and-wilson-coefficients | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.880199 | 146 | 1.84375 | 2 |
How do I create a rubric in a course?
If you cannot find a rubric you want to use in your course, you can create a new rubric. Once you create a rubric, the rubric is saved in your course for future use. You can add the rubric to an assignment and use the rubric for grading and adding comments. You can manage created rubrics in the Manage Rubrics page.
This lesson shows how to create a rubric in the Manage Rubrics page. You can also create a rubric directly when adding a rubric to an assignment, and the process is the same.
Note: Currently criterion cannot be reordered after they are added to a rubric.
Click the Rubrics menu and then click the Manage Rubrics link .
Edit Criterion Description
The rubric includes on default criterion entry. To add a short criterion description, hover over the criterion and click the Edit icon .
To add a longer description to the criterion, click the view longer description link . The longer description helps students understand more information about the criterion. The long description does not display directly in the rubric but can be accessed by all users.
Note: Currently criterion cannot be reordered after they are added to a rubric. If you want to display criterion in a specific order, make sure you create them in the order that you prefer.
Rubric ratings default to 5 points, awarding 5 points for full rubric marks and 0 points for no rubric marks. To split a rubric rating, hover over a rating and click the double-ended arrow . Split cells on the row as often as necessary to created the desired number of ratings .
For each rating, you can edit the rating description and the number of points assigned to the rating. To edit a rating, hover over the rating and click the Edit icon . To edit the name of the rating, enter a new name in the text field .
To enter a new point value for the rating, enter the point value in the points field . Points can be whole (1, 5, 10) or decimal (0.3, 0.5, 2.75) numbers. Editing a specific rating value affects the full point value for the criterion. If you adjust the point value of a rating, the value of all ratings will adjust and create the updated point value for the criterion.
Click the OK button .
Edit Criterion Point Value
If you want to adjust the total point value of the criterion, enter the number of points in the Points field . The first rating (full marks) assuming the overall point value and any incremental ratings adjust appropriately . However, you can always go back and edit specific ratings if you don't want to accept the automatic adjustments.
To create a new criterion for the rubric, click the Add Criterion link .
To find an existing course- or account-level outcome to align with the rubric, click the Find Outcome link .
Note: Outcomes cannot be edited directly in a rubric. | <urn:uuid:f4ec4ff1-dafd-41af-90e0-3752f0854dec> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://guides.instructure.com/s/2204/m/4152/l/86227-how-do-i-create-a-rubric | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00056-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.820835 | 625 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Choosing the precise electrical motor to suit a specific automobile is not all the time easy. IMHO, AC Propulsion (Tesla Motors) makes use of AC as a result of a mechanically commutated DC motor that meets the excessive “flip down” ratio of a automobile utility is extra advanced than an electronically commutated AC motor. For induction motors the value could be zero.5 Nm or 1Nm lower than what is mentioned above of identical specifications respectively. One of these motor uses electromagnetic induction from the magnetic subject of the stator winding to supply an electrical present within the rotor and therefore Torque.
Apply critical pondering and problem fixing skills in the strategy of diagnosing and repairing automobiles. Utilization of these know-how requirements and best practices allows the auto care trade to pool sources and leverage economies of scale. Presently, with continuous developments in expertise, automobile manufacturers are focusing on manufacturing environment friendly automotive motors for various methods.
In case you are already working within the automotive repair discipline, it’s possible you’ll wear the uniform from your administrative center. A standard, primary kind of DC motor which is now being changed by brushless motors in lots of applications. Technicians will inform you that one of the best schooling is one that provides you a wealth of experience. It also powered Jaguar’s most famous sports automobile of all, the flowing E-Sort.
My PM “servo” motors may be chopping the DC to manage power but they are only chopping the DC, not inverting it with every chop. When a 3-phase induction motor is linked to utility sort 3-section energy, torque is produced at the outset; the motor has the power to start out under load. DC motors have the great feature that you can overdrive them (as much as an element of 10-to-1) for short durations of time.
In distinction, a brushless machine can easily run from a 240V battery, with voltage boosted to 480V or higher by a DC increase converter positioned between battery and motor. I’ve deliberately omitted particular energy and particular torque, as those are likely to range much more with the precise implementation. 420 Automotive Engineering Technicians are currently employed in Kansas. | <urn:uuid:c5632865-b285-405f-929b-171dc226cbc7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ssl-manosunidas.org/slot-automobile-motor-merchandise.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.935522 | 463 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Should artificial intelligence have rights? This article by a pair of U.S. philosophy professors suggests that the issue has important parallels in scientific ethics.
"Universities across the world are conducting major research on artificial intelligence (AI), as are organisations such as the Allen Institute, and tech companies including Google and Facebook. A likely result is that we will soon have AI approximately as cognitively sophisticated as mice or dogs. Now is the time to start thinking about whether, and under what conditions, these AIs might deserve the ethical protections we typically give to animals.
"Discussions of ‘AI rights’ or ‘robot rights’ have so far been dominated by questions of what ethical obligations we would have to an AI of humanlike or superior intelligence – such as the android Data from Star Trek or Dolores from Westworld. But to think this way is to start in the wrong place, and it could have grave moral consequences. Before we create an AI with humanlike sophistication deserving humanlike ethical consideration, we will very likely create an AI with less-than-human sophistication, deserving some less-than-human ethical consideration. We are already very cautious in how we do research that uses certain nonhuman animals. Animal care and use committees evaluate research proposals to ensure that vertebrate animals are not needlessly killed or made to suffer unduly. ... Biomedical research is carefully scrutinised, but AI research, which might entail some of the same ethical risks, is not currently scrutinised at all. Perhaps it should be.
"Discussions of ‘AI risk’ normally focus on the risks that new AI technologies might pose to us humans, such as taking over the world and destroying us, or at least gumming up our banking system. Much less discussed is the ethical risk we pose to the AIs, through our possible mistreatment of them. ... In the case of research on animals and even on human subjects, appropriate protections were established only after serious ethical transgressions came to light (for example, in needless vivisections, the Nazi medical war crimes, and the Tuskegee syphilis study). With AI, we have a chance to do better.
"We propose the founding of oversight committees that evaluate cutting-edge AI research with these questions in mind. Such committees, much like animal care committees and stem-cell oversight committees, should be composed of a mix of scientists and non-scientists – AI designers, consciousness scientists, ethicists and interested community members. These committees will be tasked with identifying and evaluating the ethical risks of new forms of AI design, armed with a sophisticated understanding of the scientific and ethical issues, weighing the risks against the benefits of the research."
Blog sharing news about geography, philosophy, world affairs, and outside-the-box learning
This blog also appears on Facebook: | <urn:uuid:aa2ef1ed-fb72-4b53-ba6c-374ffe6b809f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.learningoutsidethebox.net/blog/philosophically-speaking8612159 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.936687 | 638 | 2.484375 | 2 |
A petition for the resignation of the leadership of Spain’s Partido Popular party hit its goal of a million signatures within a week of its launch on January 31, Fox said.
Change.org petitions can be about anything. But most of the top international petitions focus on corruption.
According to Fox, ‘44% of international petitions among the 100 largest petitions on the site target government corruption. In stark contrast, none of the petitions among the 100 largest campaigns that originated in the U.S. focus on corruption.’
The site is owned by a Delaware company that’s set up as a for-profit business. But it’s funded through nonprofit advertising. And some organizations, such as Amnesty International, pay the site to host their petitions.
Its stated mission is to ’empower anyone, anywhere to start, join, and win campaigns for social change.’
Last April, Change.org hit 10 million users and was receiving 500 new petitions per day. There are now more than 35 million users in 196 countries, according to the site.
It went international in 2011, Fox said, and has since hired hired staff in 19 countries. It’s translated into 11 languages and is accessible anywhere, though occasionally blocked in China, Fox reported.
The petitions aren’t all big. An Indian activist used the site to end corruption in a local drivers license office. A blurb on Change.org said,
After close to 450 people signed the petition within just 5 days, the District Magistrate of Hardoi, quickly conducted surprise visits to the corrupt Regional Transport Office and found 2 of the staff members guilty of assaulting Sangh Priya Rahul an IIT Kharagpur student. He set up a special enquiry under the Executive Magistrates till 27th January’11 and has already suspended two staff members responsible. Not only this, the pressure put through phone calls and messages has completely changed the face of Regional Transport Office in Hardoi (Uttar Pradesh).
Citizens are also using Chang.org to organize online anti-corruption campaigns in Brazil and Indonesia, among other countries, Fox said. | <urn:uuid:2b899e07-e7f1-4644-95bc-69ba3263c3ec> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fcpablog.com/2013/06/11/if-youre-against-corruption-sign-this/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.942226 | 440 | 1.671875 | 2 |
No-one wants to catch the flu and most can’t afford the time out from work and life to recover. As winter and the possibility of flu approaches we are bombarded by propaganda for flu vaccinations, cough syrups and lozenges.
Instead of boosting your immunity, research shows that flu vaccines can actually lower your immune function, and their side effects can be significant. In children under 2 and the elderly—those who are claimed to be helped most by a flu shot—research shows no benefits.
So what does work if you want to combat the flu this year?
The first place to start is prevention, a strong immune system. If you often get sore throats, pick up colds or frequent infections easily, suffer from allergies, hay fever, skin rashes, feel tired all the time (TATT) or have injuries that take a long time to heal, these are some of the signs of a weak and stressed immune system.
At Probiotic Foods we believe that if your body has a strong immune system it won’t let disease causing bacteria, viruses, mould and fungus mulitply and make a comfy home in your body.
We are surrounded by a soup of good, necessary as well as bad, disease causing bacteria and viruses, in our homes, workplaces and especially in enclosed public places. The body has two surfaces to defend from invading bacteria and pesky pathogens like the flu virus. Naturally the skin, and the other deep within your body. The contents of your very guts—is actually kept outside of you for lots of reasons.
If you look at the gut—from the mouth all the way to your butt—it’s a long tube. We are basically a body with a tunnel, a passageway that goes right through the middle. What we drink and eat are never inside our body. It’s a fascinating medical fact that the gut is technically outside your body. It is much safer this way. The stomach, if there is enough gastric acid, can obliterate many pathogens found in food or water. Further down, the borders of your gut are under heavy patrol so that nothing makes it through the permeable barrier into the bloodstream. Tiny armies of good bacteria cling there to defend you. But if there’s war, and there are too many bad bacteria compared to the good guys, there’ll be collateral damage and you may come down with the flu, amongst other things.
So when you hear that 80% of your immunity is in the digestive system you better believe it and pay respect to the 100 trillion bacteria that are hanging out in, and on your body.
How to assist your good bacteria to hold the fort this winter:
1 Probiotics and fermented foods. Get your good bacteria from a natural, certified organic food source and feed them and you with nourishing prebiotics. Probiotic Foods’ mother culture is supercharged with multiple bacterial strains, prebiotic rich and nutrient dense, covering all bases.
2. Vitamin D. Boosting your levels with regular sunshine exposure and a supplement is one of the simplest and most efficient ways to improve your immunity and prevent acute infections like the flu. Have your Vitamin D levels tested so you know if you are low you can supplement.
3. Zinc, iron and colloidal silver. Minerals are foundational for supporting the immune system. Research shows zinc can cut down the time you have a cold by about 24 hour if taken within one day of the first symptoms.
4. Vitamin C. Antioxidants in their natural form like camu camu—an Amazonian rainforest fruit—and acerola cherry are rich in Vitamin C and can help boost the immune system.
5. Add herbs to your diet. Oregano oil and other herbs like ginger have powerful antimicrobial effects.
6. Olive Leaf Extract. Especially in fermented form is a 100% natural herbal antibacterial and antiviral product that is easily taken mixed in water.
7. Raw honey. Contains probiotics that boost immunity. The gut of bees contains a beneficial bacteria called Lactobacillus kunkeei and is transferred to humans via raw honey.
Try this ‘Flu Fighter’ drink whenever you feel you are coming down with a cold and take your spoonful of Probiotic Foods daily.
Slice fresh turmeric and ginger and place into a cup of warm (not boiling) water. Add the juice of one lemon, 15 mls of Olive Leaf Extract and 2 teaspoons of raw honey. Sip, enjoy and keep warm this winter.
Since taking Probiotic Foods twice a day I know that my overall health and wellbeing has improved, as well as my energy levels. I can’t remember the last time I had the flu or an upset stomach. I can’t work or live without them now!
~ Brooke, Qld | <urn:uuid:49e8055d-f24a-4fbf-8185-f77dc4b1fe55> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.probioticfoods.com.au/flu-fighting-good-bacteria | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.937772 | 1,003 | 2.796875 | 3 |
NEW YORK (Nov. 8)
“The reconstruction of German and Jewish relations is one of the most important moral objectives of the policy of my government as well as of the German people,” Chancellor Konrad Adenauer of West Germany assured today in a message to the Aufbau, German language weekly organized in New York by Jewish refugees from Germany 25 years ago. The Chancellor addressed his message in connection with the 25th anniversary of the publication which was celebrated today at the Hunter College Assembly Hall.
President Eisenhower, in a message to the gathering, lauded the Aufbau for its services to refugees from Nazi Germany and for helping to prepare many of them “for the responsibilities of citizenship in a free land.” New York Attorney General Louis J. Lefkowitz, addressing the 3,000 former refugees who attended the gathering, urged revision of immigration laws to allow 20,000 more refugees to enter the United States each year. The meeting was also addressed by Israel Ambassador Avraham Harman, and German Ambassador Wilheim Grewe, Austrian Consul General Dr. Karl Wolf, and West German Consul General Dr. George Federer.
Dr. Ludwig Lowenstein, president of the New World Club, publisher of Aufbau; Manfred George, editor and Dr. Alfred Prager, board chairman, spoke of the newspaper’s efforts to help refugees rebuild their lives in the United States and now, through them, to serve as a bridge between America and the world. Dr. George presided at the meeting. | <urn:uuid:63419a02-986c-43c6-bf86-d8c542e036c9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.jta.org/1959/11/09/archive/aufbau-celebrates-25th-anniversary-larger-immigration-urged | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00336-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957366 | 315 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Regulators Want Banks To Monitor And Report On Accounts
December 10, 1998
A proposal by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. to instruct banks to monitor their customers for signs of money laundering has civil libertarians and privacy advocates up in arms.
- The proposal calls for banks to set internal policies to verify customers' identities and sources of income.
- Banks will then have to monitor the accounts for evidence of unusual transactions that might indicate illegal activities or money laundering.
- If they detect a "suspicious transaction," they are required to alert law enforcement authorities.
- The Clinton administration is also locked in a dispute with telephone companies and civil libertarians over the degree to which new phone equipment should be designed to facilitate wiretaps.
An earlier version of the "know-your-customer" rule, as it is called, was floated two months ago and drew little public attention. But when the latest version was published on Monday, privacy advocates such as U.S. Rep. Ron Paul (R-Texas) took up the matter. Paul's office began circulating a draft of the proposal and a full-fledged letter-writing campaign bloomed on the Internet and on talk-radio programs.
Between Monday and yesterday, the FDIC received nearly 3,000 complaints. An FDIC spokesman said that during his seven years on the job there, "I haven't seen anything like this."
Critics argue the directive violates the Fourth Amendment protection against illegal searches and seizures and that bankers should not be "deputized" as criminal investigators. Some bankers noted that "unusual" transactions are perfectly common. Small banks and customers are reportedly worried over the costs of complying with the rules. "If they have to charge me $27 to stop payment on one check," a customer wrote, "imagine what they will charge me to spy on me and my banking activities."
Source: Michael Allen, "Privacy Concerns Spark Criticism of Bank Rule," Wall Street Journal, December 10, 1998.
Browse more articles on Government Issues | <urn:uuid:d09b8c86-b307-4184-9929-0b713faf4c2b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ncpa.org/sub/dpd/index.php?Article_ID=12696 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00441-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962272 | 410 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Research in Germany - Land of Ideas
Germany is one of the leading countries for nanotechnology. Most of nano patents in Europe originate in the Germany. Targeted promotion by the Government aims at expediting the transformation of new ideas into marketable products – so that Germany can become the world’s most research- and innovation-friendly nation. The campaign WELCOME TO NANOTECH GERMANY, presents Germany in its role as the centre of nanotechnology as well as its increasing international significance in this field of research.
Web site: www.research-in-germany.de/english | <urn:uuid:ea3b9503-cde5-47c4-bc78-a225a3366890> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nsti.org/Nanotech2009/exhibitors.html?id=289046 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00347-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934649 | 124 | 1.757813 | 2 |
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Recent work examined these stereotype findings in terms of the Five Factor Model of personality, ending only in the ultimate binary options korea dpr of the economy itself.Binary options price action trading | <urn:uuid:855aacfa-ba83-4742-a337-a2aa98e15f61> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ds-hifi.ru/binary-options-kelly-formula-v-racing.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00345-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.898534 | 2,001 | 1.882813 | 2 |
The waveguide photodetector (WGPD) is considered a leading candidate to overcome the bandwidth/quantum-efficiency tradeoff in conventional photodetectors (PDs). To overcome the tradeoff between the capacitance and contact resistance,the mushroom-WGPD was proposed. In this paper, a calibrated circuit model for mushroom-WGPD, including all parasitics, is presented so that a complete circuit simulation of the entire photoreceiver circuit with WGPD now becomes feasible. Both the behavior of the PD and its transfer function for the optical-to-electrical response that can be implemented in a circuit simulator are studied to explore the relationships between performance and design/ material parameters. The effects of the parasitics are also studied for different PD areas. The results from this circuit model of the PD have been compared with a published experimental work and a good agreement is obtained. In addition, the characteristics of mushroom-WGPD are studied for the case of an inductor added in series to the load resistor, and better performance is achieved in comparison to the case with no inductor. Based on the studies of different parameters for design and materials, optimization has been performed for the mushroom-WGPD. With this optimization, the optimal values of the thickness of the absorption layer and the added inductor to produce the highest bandwidth of the PD are obtained. These optimizations are performed for different areas of the PD and also for different load resistors, and they result in a significant improvement in the performance of the mushroom-WGPDs.
© 2005 IEEEPDF Article | <urn:uuid:1f76460e-fd2a-4b57-92cd-1876233d9b35> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.osapublishing.org/jlt/abstract.cfm?uri=jlt-23-1-423 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00005-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943516 | 325 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Green lawn in the area - a great placerelaxation, and almost every host tries to take at least a couple of meters below the green zone. But it happens that the resettlement area became engaged in the summer when it's hot days and grass planting time has passed. In this case there is two options: either wait for autumn, when the temperature drops and there will be a favorable time for sowing, either on their own risk to sow lawn heat.
Naturally, the patience to wait until the cold snapenough not to each family, because vacant land immediately obzhivut weeds. And it is not necessary. If you draw a crop with certain precautions and tricks, even the worst heat of the shoots will not spoil. How better to plant a lawn in summer - look at all the details.
Despite the fact that all have a lawn grassgood survival in any soil, though the composition of the earth is correct. If the soil is clay, then fill in its digging peat, humus and sand (in equal proportions), and if the sand, then add more dense soil, for example, wood.
Focus on your feelings: Take a lump of soil in your hand and try to form a ball of it. If it turns out very tight - zatyazhelaya land, it should make it easier (diluted with sand or peat). If the ball rolls around, but loose and ready to fall apart - normal soil. If at all it is impossible to roll - it means soil is too crumbly and will not hold moisture.
If the land is infertile, remove it by half a meter in depth, and dilute with useful components -. Peat, humus, sand, etc., or fill the prepared soil
It will not hurt to make a complete fertilizer, which will speed up the germination of seeds and give them extra food.
The rest of the usual soil preparation: remove the debris, stones, roots, level ground, mark the border.
So proryhlit soil, cleaned and ready to takeseeds. But do not hurry. Under the scorching summer sun dries the earth immediately, and it harms the good germination. So first of all create a defense in the land itself from its fast drying. To do this, remove all the soil 30 centimeters, tamp the bottom and pave it with cardboard. These may be all kinds of boxes, newspapers in several layers and so on.
This layer does not hinder the air circulation insoil, but will retain water in the outer layers, not missing her deeply. And the grass will not experience lack of moisture. By the way, cardboard and himself perfectly absorbs moisture, and then gradually releases it. So the soil is wetter than usual. By the fall of the paper layer peregniet, and that its function is over.
cardboard on top of the soil and scatter shottamp his rink, and on narrow areas - normal short board. Lay out the board, from the edge of the area, and jump on it. Under the weight of the power of the land is leveled. Can you bring it to engage children. They gladly will jump on the boards.
To align the surface of the earth as much as possibletamped go over it with the back of a rake. They pulled too much, and the soil will be as smooth as the knee. If a rake will pick out small pebbles, it is better to remove them as a blade of grass in these points is still not germinate, and the sod will uneven.
Pritaptyvanie board is useful for those areas where the bulky roller can not turn around: between tracks, in flowerbeds and winding rabatkah
Now you can proceed to the most responsibletime - planting seeds. Summer sowing enough to produce at rates specified on the package with an herbal mixture. An unexpected advantage of planting in hot weather is poor germination of weeds. If the spring they poured almost the same amount from the blades of grass, in the summer (starting from the second half of July), their activity is significantly reduced. And while the hatch so-called autumn weeds, the lawn has time to enter into full force and suppress them.
It is better to plant grass in the evening, so that it does not immediately start to fry the summer sun. Just before landing a good spill soil by sprinkling.
The hotter the weather is, the longer it is necessary to water the prepared soil, so that it soaked with moisture at least 5 cm deep
If the land still standing puddles (Photo 1) - to plant early, it is necessary to wait until all the water surface and absorb slightly pristynet (photo 2)
Wait until completely absorbed and scatter the seeds. If the land area is small, better to spill edge, and then the rest of the area. So you will ensure an even distribution of grass.
Carefully plot spilling edge, start sowing all fields, focusing on the application rate specified on the package with herbal mixture
After sowing certainly Zamulchiruyte sitea layer of dry soil or peat. Grass should hide from the sun. Crumbled mulch, spill it, and let dry. So it is easier to roll on to the seed and push them into the wet earth. To flatten the mixture, using all the same board or roller.
In the spring or autumn of these measures would be sufficient,grass to give good seedlings. But in the summer the temperature of the upper layers of the soil warms up so that hatched seeds can easily burn. And if they manage to grow and, at the tender blades of grass will collapse the whole force of the sun's rays. To save the seedlings need immediately after planting to close the entire area of white non-woven material. It will reflect the rays and lower the soil temperature. And the moisture evaporate will be less.
Along the edges of the lawn material fastened boards,reinforcement or any other heavy objects, and if the area is large, it is best to pin down and midway. To do this, type in the corners of the pegs and string cords on the edges of the plot (criss-cross), that he passed through the center, down the thread flush with the ground. Twine will squeeze the material, and will not let him be lifted by the wind.
Light non-woven fabric does not prevent the passage of oxygen into the soil, but reflects a significant portion of the sun's harmful rays, sizzling tender shoots
Ready to shed the lawn should be daily (morning andnight), spraying water, drizzle over the non-woven fabric. He will miss the great moisture in and will not give it to quickly evaporate. By the way, on uneven areas, where there is a bias in one direction, a cover will prevent erosion of seeds and tightening them in a low place water streams. Therefore, seedlings will be more uniform and amicable.
The first thin blade of grass will start to make its way in about a week after planting, and if the site is not to hide, while the seedlings will be delayed for another week
With careful watering the first blade of grass seemafter a week. Wait until the grass grows up to 3-4 cm., And only then remove the cover. Then pry his hands all the weeds and mow the lawn. The first blade of grass will be thin, so it is advisable not to walk on the lawn until it will get stronger. You will see it on the turf powerful and juicy, thick greenery.
Another nuance summer planting - do not feed the youngseedlings fertilizers, especially nitrogen. they can burn the root system at high temperatures. It is better to wait for the rainy season, and even did not make anything, especially if you added in the preparation of the soil fertilizer. Reserve power supply in the open ground grass is more than enough, and forcing extra growth weakens immature roots and leads to the freezing of certain areas in the winter.
That looks so old lawn in early October - a powerful grass, healthy juicy colors, and the chances of a good winter had higher
Planted in July grass in early autumnIt looks completely formed. It is perfectly winters, rarely freezes, rather than at the autumn planting. In addition, if the mixture will rise bad (and it depends on the quality of seeds!), You will have to reserve time podseyat bald spots before the cold weather. But in this case it would have to cover non-woven fabric each recovery site to ensure normal climate crops or re-lay a whole lot, as you did in the case of the first crop.
As you can see, at a certain care can grow a beautiful lawn in the heat. Grow the roses in Siberia, so why can not ascend to the grass in the summer ?! It all depends on the efforts of the hosts ... | <urn:uuid:a4c43889-0058-4626-8cca-bab274911599> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://construct-yourself.com/improvement/planting-of-greenery/stealth-lawn-planting-in-hot-summer-how-to-save-the-grass-from-the-sun.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00390-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931808 | 1,840 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Iceberg danger 'greater than at the time of the Titanic'
10 April 2014
It was the unluckiest timing for the Titanic... the great ship set sail on its maiden voyage 102 years ago today – and sank five days later after hitting an iceberg in the freezing North Atlantic. Who could have guessed that 2014 would be an exceptionally bad year for icebergs?
Wait a moment – 2014? Don’t you mean 1912?
Not according to UK scientists – who say the risk of icebergs is actually greater now than it was when the Titanic sank, killing 1,517 people and leaving only 700 survivors.
Academics at the University of Sheffield say they have disproven the long-held theory that lunar and solar activity made 1912 a particularly bad year for icebergs.
Their findings could be crucial for monitoring ocean safety as ice levels continue to shrink in the Arctic.
Using data on iceberg locations dating back to 1913 – recorded to help prevent a repeat of the Titanic disaster – researchers showed that 1912 was a significant ice year, but not extreme.
Professor Grant Bigg, who led the research, said: ‘We have seen that 1912 was a year of raised iceberg hazard, but not exceptionally so in the long term.
‘More recently the risk has been much greater – between 1991 and 2000, eight of the 10 years recorded more than 700 icebergs and five exceeded the 1912 total.’
He warned that ice hazards were likely to increase in shipping waters, as more stretches of the Arctic open up due to melting ice caps.
‘As polar ice sheets are increasingly losing mass as well, the iceberg risk is likely to increase in the future, rather than decline,’ he said.
The iceberg which sank the Titanic was spotted just before midnight on 14 April 1912, 500 metres away. Despite quick action to slow the ship, it wasn’t enough and the ship sank in just two and a half hours.
Want to get involved in scientific studies like these? Click here to read about science in the UK or find out about geography courses – or use the Search tool at the top of this page to browse pre-university, undergraduate and postgraduate courses in science and geography. | <urn:uuid:14a7a868-0a5e-4c9b-9cae-d4f0e0f6e269> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.educationuk.org/usa/articles/iceberg-danger-greater-now-than-time-of-titanic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721008.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00116-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964226 | 455 | 3.46875 | 3 |
While we enjoy hundreds of hot, sunny days in the Lone Star State, we must also prepare for different conditions. Hurricanes can develop rapidly in the Gulf of Mexico and even a short winter snow storm can cause havoc on our roads. Surprisingly dangerous flash floods can appear without warning.
It's important to be aware of these dangers and prepare ahead of time. For more information, please visit the pages below: | <urn:uuid:cfd02697-25ce-4717-8481-ef4a2eae07d2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://txdot.gov/inside-txdot/division/traffic/safety/weather.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00332-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.912494 | 81 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Also known as uterine fibroids, leiomyomas occur in 70% of women. A uterine leiomyoma is a benign growth in the muscular wall of the uterus which, if left untreated, can grow, and affect surrounding organs, leading to complications, including hemorrhage and death. Symptomatic women often experience pain and debilitating menstrual cycles which, in turn, result in poor health, poor quality of life, and loss of income. Preventative and treatment services in Florida could benefit from the characteristics of women affected the most by this disease in the state. Thus, we describe the demographic characteristics and estimate the prevalence rate of uterine leiomyomas among women 18 years and older in Florida between 2010 to 2019. Data was obtained from Florida’s Agency for Healthcare Administration and analyses included descriptive statistics with prevalence rate estimation and geolocation. Over the decade studied, we identified 232,475 cases, almost half (49.2%) of which were reported among white women, with women in their forties having the highest frequency. Florida counties with the highest prevalence rates (e.g., Miami-Dade, Broward, and Palm Beach) are the seat to densely populated cities. Over the decade analyzed, the prevalence rate (95% CI) was estimated at 284.8 (284.21, 285.39) cases of uterine leiomyomas per 100,000 women 18 years and older. Compared to non-Hispanic white women, black, Hispanic, and other women of color presented with higher prevalence rate ratios (4.84, 1.87, and 1.58, respectively). While most women diagnosed with uterine fibroids in Florida were non-Hispanic white in their forties, results evidence noticeable disparities by race, ethnicity, age, and county of residence. Counties with the highest prevalence rates were urban and densely populated with more access to healthcare, unlike counties with the lowest prevalence rates. Overall, results point at important unmet needs in leiomyoma prevention and treatment services for women in Florida.
Bachelor of Science (B.S.)
College of Health Professions and Sciences
Sherifi, Saarah K., "Uterine Fibroid Prevalence and Health Care Disparities by County. Florida, 2010-2019" (2022). Honors Undergraduate Theses. 1208.
Restricted to the UCF community until 5-1-2022; it will then be open access. | <urn:uuid:150ee294-8c64-457c-8a6d-4ca12c0b1be0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stars.library.ucf.edu/honorstheses/1208/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.938207 | 582 | 2.671875 | 3 |
A roundup of new Virginia laws taking effect in July
(WHSV) - Each year, many of the bills passed by Virginia’s General Assembly and signed into law by the governor are set to take effect on July 1.
In 2020, Democrats had control of the House of Delegates, Senate, and the governor’s mansion for the first time in decades of Virginia history, and the new Democratic majority wasted little time getting a sweeping array of legislative priorities passed.
Many of those bills, signed into law by Governor Ralph Northam, officially go into effect this coming Wednesday, July 1: the same day Virginia starts Phase 3 of Northam’s ‘Forward Virginia’ reopening plan amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
Here’s a rundown of some of the biggest that may affect your daily life or the lives of your family and friends:
EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT
Virginia lawmakers made history very early in 2020 by becoming the 38th and final state needed to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
The ERA was initially proposed in Congress in 1923 and passed in 1972. Its first section reads: “Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.”
Advocates say the measure would enshrine equality for women in the Constitution, offering stronger protections in sex discrimination cases. They also argue the ERA would give Congress firmer ground to pass anti-discrimination laws.
Opponents warn it would erode commonsense protections for women, such as workplace accommodations during pregnancy. They also worry it could be used by abortion-rights supporters to quash abortion restrictions on the grounds they discriminate against women.
Despite Virginia’s passage of the law, the U.S. Justice Department issued a legal memo concluding that because the deadline has expired, it is too late for states to ratify the ERA. The only option for supporters now is to begin the ratification process all over again in Congress, the department said.
But Virginia is working through a process to fight that in court.
The General Assembly passed and Governor Northam approved a set of gun control bills this year, including ones to enact an Extreme Risk Protective Order, require background checks on all gun sales, mandate reporting of lost and stolen firearms, increase the penalty for leaving firearms within the access of children, and reinstate Virginia’s one-handgun-a-month policy.
- Senate Bill 70 and House Bill 2, which establish universal background checks in Virginia
- Senate Bill 240 and House Bill 674, which establish an Extreme Risk Protective Order, allowing authorities to temporarily take guns away from people deemed to be dangerous to themselves or others
- Senate Bill 69 and House Bill 812, which reinstate Virginia’s one-handgun-a-month law
- House Bill 9, which requires gun owners to report their lost or stolen firearms to law enforcement within 48 hours or face a civil penalty.
- House Bill 1083, which toughens the penalty for leaving a loaded, unsecured firearm in a reckless manner that endangers a child
- HB 421 allows localities the authority to regulate the possession, carrying, storage or transport of firearms, ammunition, components, or any combination of those things.
- HB 1004 makes it a Class 6 felony for someone subject to a protective order to knowingly possess a firearm. The law will give 24 hours for a person covered by a protective order to sell or transfer their gun, and requires the subject to certify that they do not, or no longer, possess firearms within 48 hours.
- Senate Bill 35, which gives local governments more authority to ban guns in public spaces, like public buildings, parks, recreation centers, and during permitted events
- Senate Bill 479, which bars people with protective orders against them from possessing firearms and require them to turn over their guns within 24 hours
Virginia became the epicenter of the nation’s gun debate after Democrats took full control of the General Assembly in 2019 on an aggressive gun control platform, with many campaigning on the mass shooting in Virginia Beach.
Tens of thousands of gun-rights activists from across the country flooded the state Capitol and surrounding area in protest near the start of the General Assembly session, some donning tactical gear and carrying military-style rifles, to rally against proposed gun legislation.
LEE-JACKSON DAY NO LONGER A STATE HOLIDAY
The commonwealth of Virginia will no longer recognize Lee-Jackson Day as a state holiday, in favor of making Election Day one instead.
Lee-Jackson Day, established over 100 years ago, was observed annually on the Friday preceding the third Monday in January, which, in effect, made it the Friday before Martin Luther King Jr. Day. In the past, before the holiday was moved, it shared the same day as Martin Luther King Jr. Day. It honors Confederate generals Robert E. Lee and Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson, both native Virginians.
The holiday was initially created to celebrate Lee's birthday, which was on January 19.
In the Virginia code, both men were noted as “defenders of causes.”
State offices in Virginia have historically been closed for both holidays. Celebrations include a wreath-laying ceremony, a Civil War themed parade, a gala ball, and in some places, Confederate flags placed on the graves of dead soldiers.
However, Virginia cities such as Richmond, Fredericksburg, Blacksburg, Newport News, Hampton, Winchester, Fairfax and Charlottesville have decided in recent years to not officially observe the holiday.
Officials have defended the day as a celebration of history, while critics view it as a celebration of the state’s slave-holding history that’s offensive to African Americans.
A similar bill to designate Election Day as a state holiday and remove Lee-Jackson Day from Virginia’s state holidays was killed in a Senate committee the previous year. However, at that point, Republicans controlled the Virginia Senate.
LOCAL POWER TO REMOVE STATUES
As of the start of July, local governments across Virginia will officially have the authority to remove or contextualize Confederate monuments on their town, city, or county property.
The measure signed into law essentially undoes an existing state law that protects Confederate monuments as war memorials and instead lets localities decide the statues’ fates.
The law itself faces a court challenge, as does Governor Ralph Northam’s recent move to remove the Robert E. Lee statue from state property in the city of Richmond.
After white supremacists descended on Charlottesville in 2017, in part to protest the city’s attempt to move a statue of Gen. Robert E. Lee, many places across the country quickly started taking Confederate monuments down. But Virginia localities that wanted to remove monuments were hamstrung by the existing law.
In the two legislative sessions that followed the rally, Republican lawmakers defeated bills like the one that passed this year.
Virginia, a state that prides itself on its pivotal role in America's early history, is home to more than 220 public memorials to the Confederacy, according to state officials. Among those are some of the nation's most prominent — a collective of five monuments along Richmond's Monument Avenue, a National Historic Landmark.
Critics say the monuments are offensive to black Virginians because they romanticize the Confederacy and ignore its defense of slavery.
“My family has lived with the trauma of slavery for generations. ... I hope that you understand that this is a situation that’s so deeper than a simple vote on simple war memorials,” Lt. Gov. Justin Fairfax, who presides over the Senate, said.
Others say removing the monuments amounts to erasing history.
Republican Amanda Chase said during the same Senate debate that slavery was evil.
“But it doesn’t mean that we take all of these monuments down,” she continued. “We remember our past and we learn from it.”
The ‘Virginia Values Act’ passed by lawmakers this year makes sexual orientation and gender identity protected classes when it comes to discrimination related to housing, employment and public accommodations.
Essentially, it adds sexual orientation and gender identity to the commonwealth’s anti-discrimination law.
It also gives the attorney general’s office the power to take action against anyone “engaged in a pattern or practice of resistance” to the rights guaranteed by the new law.
HB 618 extends hate crime designation to assault, assault and battery, or trespass if the victim was selected on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity and empowers a victim of intimidation or harassment, violence, or vandalism motivated by gender, gender identity or sexual orientation to file a civil lawsuit.
HB 787 adds hate crimes to the list of crimes that a multi-jurisdictional grand jury may investigate, including trespassing, damage to property, or assault where the victim of the crime was selected due to gender identity or sexual orientation.
HB 276 requires hate crimes committed due to a victim’s sexual orientation, gender, or gender identity to be reported to the state police.
CONVERSION THERAPY BAN
Conversion therapy is a practice used to try to change sexual orientation or gender identity. The American Psychological Association says it’s not based in science and is harmful to mental health, and it will no longer be allowed under Virginia law.
Effectively, it bans anyone who is a licensed health professional from attempting this kind of therapy for anyone under the age of 18.
It doesn’t apply to faith communities, however.
OTHER MEASURES FOR LGBTQ PROTECTIONS
- Senate Bill 657 makes it easier to change a person’s name and gender on a birth certificate.
- SB 161 makes the Department of Education create and implement policies concerning the treatment of transgender students in public schools.
EASING ABORTION RESTRICTIONS
Restrictions on getting an abortion in Virginia, enacted when Republicans controlled the statehouse, were repealed through the “Reproductive Health Protection Act,” which passed through the Virginia Senate on a 20-20 vote and a tie-breaker from Lt. Gov. Justin Fairfax. It passed the House on a 52-45 vote.
The law rolls back provisions including a 24-hour waiting period before an abortion and a requirement that women seeking an abortion undergo an ultrasound and counseling.
The measure also undoes the requirement that abortions be provided by a physician, allowing nurse practitioners to perform them, and does away with strict building code requirements on facilities where abortions are performed.
As of July, criminal charges for simple possession of marijuana will be scrapped in Virginia and replaced with a $25 civil penalty instead.
The law signed by Gov. Northam also creates a work group to study the impact of legalization of marijuana and eventually release a report on the matter.
Reducing the penalty for simple possession, which currently sets fines of up to $500, with possible jail time, means no arrest and no criminal record.
The decriminalization bill got bipartisan support in both the House of Delegates and the Senate. But some lawmakers had doubts.
“We see that other states have done varying degrees of changes in their marijuana policy, and I think in those states, we’ve seen varying degrees of success and unintended consequences and problems that have arisen,” said Republican House Minority Leader Todd Gilbert.
One of our local sheriffs told WHSV during the General Assembly’s initial session he thought the bill was “a horrible idea.”
According to data from the Virginia Criminal Sentencing Commission, more than 15,000 people were convicted for a first or second marijuana possession offense from July 2018 to June 2019.
Also signed into law this year was Senate Bill 1015, which states that no person may be arrested, prosecuted, or denied any right or privilege for participating in the state’s medical cannabis program.
That program is expected to be operational and dispensing cannabis products to authorized patients by mid-year.
Northam also approved Senate Bill 976 expanding the medical cannabis program.
INSULIN PRICE CAP
This law got less attention than some of the more controversial measures, but has the most direct impact on many Virginians.
As of July 1, insurers will be limited to charging a maximum of $50 a month for insulin in Virginia, giving the commonwealth the fourth lowest cap in the country.
Insulin prices have tripled over the last decade as the drug’s four main manufacturers have raised the baseline cost. Virginia is the latest state to pass its own controls amid nationwide reports of patients dying after rationing the vital medication.
The legislation prohibits Virginia insurers from setting a patient’s cost-sharing payment for insulin above $50 a month — including deductibles and copays. The bill was supported by the Medical Society of Virginia and the American Association of Retired Persons, but, unsurprisingly, not by the Virginia Association of Health Plans, which argued that the cap on cost-sharing payments would be offset by a rise in premiums.
NO MORE PHOTO ID REQUIREMENT FOR VOTING
Virginians will no longer need to show a photo ID in order to vote by this November.
It means that voting requirements in Virginia, essentially, will revert to a similar standard as in the years before the photo ID law was signed by former Governor Bob McDonnell.
Voters will be able to show voter registration documents, bank statements, paychecks or any government document that shows the name and address of the voter.
Voters who do not show valid identification when signing in to vote would be required to sign a sworn affidavit stating that they they are who they claim to be. The signed statement subjects the person to Class 5 felony penalties if the statement is false.
A voter who doesn't show photo ID or sign the statement can be given a provisional ballot.
Virginians currently must present a photo ID, such as a driver’s license or a U.S. passport, to vote in person. According to a 2012 study by Project Vote, an organization that works to ensure all Americans can vote, approximately 7% of the U.S. population lacks photo ID. This is especially true of lower-income individuals, those under the age of 20 and ethnic minorities.
Voters can provide their social security number and other information to get a free Virginia Voter Photo Identification Card, but some legislators said that service is unknown to many.
“Before the photo ID requirement, voters had to sign the affidavit to say they are who they say they are, and I think that was enough,” said House Majority Leader Del. Charniele Herring, D-Alexandria. “I feel the photo ID was a way to suppress the vote because not everyone has one.”
Former Republican Gov. Bob McDonnell signed SB 1256 into law mandating voters have a form of ID with a photograph. Virginia is one of the 18 states with such voting requirements, according to the National Conference of Legislature.
In 2016, the U.S. 4th Circuit Court of Appeals upheld the ID requirement after attorneys for the state Democratic Party challenged the law, arguing it had a disproportionate impact on low income and minority voters.
“People are fed up with our overly restrictive and racist voting policies, and the legislature is finally getting rid of some of the biggest roadblocks to progressive reform,” said Glass. “This has been a long time coming.”
ABSENTEE VOTING AND EXCUSES
Virginia currently requires voters who wish to vote absentee to provide a reason as to why they can't vote on Election Day, choosing from a list of pre-approved excuses.
But House Bill 1 “permits any registered voter to vote by absentee ballot in any election in which he is qualified to vote,” according to its bill summary.
It passed the Senate on 25-15 vote and the House of Delegates on a 65-35 vote.
William Ney, Vice Chair of the Harrisonburg City’s Electoral Board, said he thinks the change in absentee voting gives more of an opportunity for anyone to vote ahead.
“This will definitely make it a lot easier,” Ney said. “When North Carolina started their no excuse absentee voting, supposedly more than 30 percent of the people voted before the election – that’s more people than we would have at any one of our precincts.”
IN-STATE TUITION REGARDLESS OF CITIZENSHIP STATUS
Students living in the U.S. without documentation but who still meet Virginia residency standards, will be eligible for in-state tuition at Virginia colleges and universities as of July 1.
SB 935, introduced by Democratic Sens. Jennifer Boysko and Ghazala Hashmi, requires a student to provide proof of filed taxes to be eligible for in-state tuition. A student also must have attended high school in Virginia for at least two years, been homeschooled in the state or have passed a high school equivalency exam prior to enrolling in a college.
“Virginia has made history as the first southern state to implement this law, joining twenty states that offer in-state tuition to students who are undocumented. In these states, students, employers, and the entire society have realized tremendous economic and social benefits,” said Kim Bobo, Executive Director of the Virginia Interfaith Center for Public Policy (VICPP).
Yanet Limon-Amado, an organizer at VICPP said, “This win is for all undocumented students in Virginia. They have spent countless days participating in rallies and testifying in committee hearings at the General Assembly. This was a movement created by undocumented students. It’s beautiful to finally see this positive outcome after eight years of fighting. "
The organization says many immigrants have completed their entire educational careers in Virginia whether or not they have documentation and benefit the economy by paying taxes, spending money, and creating jobs.
Research shows a college education amounts to an increased $2.7 million in lifetime earnings, which is double the earnings of those with only high school diplomas, so they say investing in undocumented students will ultimately benefit all Virginians.
NO MORE LICENSE SUSPENSIONS FOR NONPAYMENT OF FINES
As of July 1, the requirement that an individual’s driver’s license be suspended if they don’t pay court dues will be repealed from Virginia state law.
“License suspensions in Virginia for court debt is really Virginia’s form of debtor’s prison,” said Pat Levy-Lavelle, an attorney with Legal Aid Justice Center, a nonprofit based in Virginia that litigates on behalf of low-income individuals.
A 2017 report released by the Legal Aid Justice Center found that nearly 1 million Virginians’ licenses had been suspended due to court debt.
Last year, the General Assembly voted to approve a budget amendment proposed by Gov. Ralph Northam that reinstated driver’s licenses to over 600,000 Virginians who had their licenses suspended. Because this policy went into effect via a budget amendment, the policy is only in place until the budget expires in July 2020.
HB 1547 provides undocumented students eligibility for in-state tuition at public colleges and universities if they otherwise fulfill all other requirements. Delegate Alfonso Lopez introduced this bill. It is the House bill that matches Senate Bill 935 in your story.
Virginia’s increase of the minimum wage to $9.50 per hour will not take effect until May 1, 2021, after it was delayed by lawmakers at an April special session because of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The wage will then increase to $11 in 2022, $12 in 2023 and by another $1.50 in 2025 and 2026. Every subsequent year the bill is to be re-amended to adjust the minimum wage to reflect the consumer price index.
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The ability to migrate is a hallmark of various cell types and plays a crucial role in several physiological processes, including embryonic development, wound healing, and immune responses. However, cell migration is also a key mechanism in cancer enabling these cancer cells to detach from the primary tumor to start metastatic spreading. Within the past years various cell migration assays have been developed to analyze the migratory behavior of different cell types. Because the locomotory behavior of cells markedly differs between a two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) environment it can be assumed that the analysis of the migration of cells that are embedded within a 3D environment would yield in more significant cell migration data. The advantage of the described 3D collagen matrix migration assay is that cells are embedded within a physiological 3D network of collagen fibers representing the major component of the extracellular matrix. Due to time-lapse video microscopy real cell migration is measured allowing the determination of several migration parameters as well as their alterations in response to pro-migratory factors or inhibitors. Various cell types could be analyzed using this technique, including lymphocytes/leukocytes, stem cells, and tumor cells. Likewise, also cell clusters or spheroids could be embedded within the collagen matrix concomitant with analysis of the emigration of single cells from the cell cluster/ spheroid into the collagen lattice. We conclude that the 3D collagen matrix migration assay is a versatile method to analyze the migration of cells within a physiological-like 3D environment.
21 Related JoVE Articles!
Evisceration of Mouse Vitreous and Retina for Proteomic Analyses
Institutions: University of Iowa, University of Iowa, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons.
While the mouse retina has emerged as an important genetic model for inherited retinal disease, the mouse vitreous remains to be explored. The vitreous is a highly aqueous extracellular matrix overlying the retina where intraocular as well as extraocular proteins accumulate during disease.1-3
Abnormal interactions between vitreous and retina underlie several diseases such as retinal detachment, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy.1,4
The relative mouse vitreous volume is significantly smaller than the human vitreous (Figure 1), since the mouse lens occupies nearly 75% of its eye.5
This has made biochemical studies of mouse vitreous challenging. In this video article, we present a technique to dissect and isolate the mouse vitreous from the retina, which will allow use of transgenic mouse models to more clearly define the role of this extracellular matrix in the development of vitreoretinal diseases.
Cellular Biology, Issue 50, mouse, vitreous, retina, proteomics, superoxide dismutase
Isolation of Retinal Stem Cells from the Mouse Eye
Institutions: University of Toronto.
The adult mouse retinal stem cell (RSC) is a rare quiescent cell found within the ciliary epithelium (CE) of the mammalian eye1,2,3
. The CE is made up of non-pigmented inner and pigmented outer cell layers, and the clonal RSC colonies that arise from a single pigmented cell from the CE are made up of both pigmented and non-pigmented cells which can be differentiated to form all the cell types of the neural retina and the RPE. There is some controversy about whether all the cells within the spheres all contain at least some pigment4
; however the cells are still capable of forming the different cell types found within the neural retina1-3
. In some species, such as amphibians and fish, their eyes are capable of regeneration after injury5
, however; the mammalian eye shows no such regenerative properties. We seek to identify the stem cell in vivo
and to understand the mechanisms that keep the mammalian retinal stem cells quiescent6-8
, even after injury as well as using them as a potential source of cells to help repair physical or genetic models of eye injury through transplantation9-12
. Here we describe how to isolate the ciliary epithelial cells from the mouse eye and grow them in culture in order to form the clonal retinal stem cell spheres. Since there are no known markers of the stem cell in vivo
, these spheres are the only known way to prospectively identify the stem cell population within the ciliary epithelium of the eye.
Cellular Biology, Issue 43, Stem Cells, Eye, Ciliary Epithelium, Tissue Culture, Mouse
Live-imaging of PKC Translocation in Sf9 Cells and in Aplysia Sensory Neurons
Institutions: McGill University.
Protein kinase Cs (PKCs) are serine threonine kinases that play a central role in regulating a wide variety of cellular processes such as cell growth and learning and memory. There are four known families of PKC isoforms in vertebrates: classical PKCs (α, βI, βII and γ), novel type I PKCs (ε and η), novel type II PKCs (δ and θ), and atypical PKCs (ζ and ι). The classical PKCs are activated by Ca2+
and diacylclycerol (DAG), while the novel PKCs are activated by DAG, but are Ca2+
-independent. The atypical PKCs are activated by neither Ca2+
nor DAG. In Aplysia californica
, our model system to study memory formation, there are three nervous system specific PKC isoforms one from each major class, namely the conventional PKC Apl I, the novel type I PKC Apl II and the atypical PKC Apl III. PKCs are lipid-activated kinases and thus activation of classical and novel PKCs in response to extracellular signals has been frequently correlated with PKC translocation from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane. Therefore, visualizing PKC translocation in real time in live cells has become an invaluable tool for elucidating the signal transduction pathways that lead to PKC activation. For instance, this technique has allowed for us to establish that different isoforms of PKC translocate under different conditions to mediate distinct types of synaptic plasticity and that serotonin (5HT) activation of PKC Apl II requires production of both DAG and phosphatidic acid (PA) for translocation 1-2
. Importantly, the ability to visualize the same neuron repeatedly has allowed us, for example, to measure desensitization of the PKC response in exquisite detail 3
. In this video, we demonstrate each step of preparing Sf9 cell cultures, cultures of Aplysia
sensory neurons have been described in another video article 4
, expressing fluorescently tagged PKCs in Sf9 cells and in Aplysia
sensory neurons and live-imaging of PKC translocation in response to different activators using laser-scanning microscopy.
Neuroscience, Issue 50, PKC, translocation, live-imaging, confocal microscopy, Sf9 cells, Aplysia, microinjection of plasmid DNA, neurons
Microdissection of Zebrafish Embryonic Eye Tissues
Institutions: Purdue University.
Zebrafish is a popular animal model for research on eye development because of its rapid ex utero
development and good fecundity. By 3 days post fertilization (dpf), the larvae will show the first visual response. Many genes have been identified to control a proper eye development, but we are far from a complete understanding of the underlying genetic architecture. Whole genome gene expression profiling is a useful tool to elucidate genetic regulatory network for eye development. However, the small size of the embryonic eye in zebrafish makes it challenging to obtain intact and pure eye tissues for expression analysis. For example, the anterior-posterior length of the eye between day 2 and 3 is only approximately 200-300 μm, while the diameter of the lens is less 100 μm. Also, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) underlying the retina is just a single-layer epithelium. While gene expression profiles can be obtained from the whole embryo, they do not accurately represent the expression of these tissues. Therefore pure tissue must be obtained for a successful gene expression profiling of eye development. To address this issue, we have developed an approach to microdissect intact retina and retina with RPE attached from 1-3 dpf, which cover major stages of eye morphogenesis. All procedures can be done with fine forceps and general laboratory supplies under standard stereomicroscopes. For retinal dissection, the single-layer RPE is removed and peeled off by brushing action and the preferential adherence of the RPE remnants to the surface of the culture plate for dissection. For RPE-attached retinal dissection, the adherence of RPE to the dissection plate is removed before the dissection so that the RPE can be completely preserved with the retina. A careful lifting action of this tissue can efficiently separate the presumptive choroid and sclera. The lens can be removed in both cases by a chemically etched tungsten needle. In short, our approach can obtain intact eye tissues and has been successfully utilized to study tissue-specific expression profiles of zebrafish retina1, 2
and retinal pigment epithelium3
Developmental biology, Issue 40, zebrafish, retina, retinal pigment epithelium, microdissection, development, gene expression, microarrays
Neural-Colony Forming Cell Assay: An Assay To Discriminate Bona Fide Neural Stem Cells from Neural Progenitor Cells
Institutions: University of Florida, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Inc..
The neurosphere assay (NSA) is one of the most frequently used methods to isolate, expand and also calculate the frequency of neural stem cells (NSCs). Furthermore, this serum-free culture system has also been employed to expand stem cells and determine their frequency from a variety of tumors and normal tissues. It has been shown recently that a one-to-one relationship does not exist between neurosphere formation and NSCs. This suggests that the NSA as currently applied, overestimates the frequency of NSCs in a mixed population of neural precursor cells isolated from both the embryonic and adult mammalian brain. This video practically demonstrates a novel collagen based semi- solid assay, the neural-colony forming cell assay (N-CFCA), which has the ability to discriminate stem from progenitor cells based on their long-term proliferative potential, and thus provides a method to enumerate NSC frequency. In the N-CFCA, colonies ≥2 mm in diameter are derived from cells that meet all the functional criteria of a NSC, while colonies < 2mm are derived from progenitors. The N-CFCA procedure can be used for cells prepared from different sources including primary and cultured adult or embryonic mouse CNS cells. Here we use cells prepared from passage one neurospheres generated from embryonic day 14 mice brain to perform N-CFCA. The cultures are replenished with proliferation medium every seven days for three weeks to allow the plated cells to exhibit their full proliferative potential and then the frequency of neural progenitor and bona fide
neural stem cells is calculated respectively by counting the number of colonies that are < 2mm and the ones that are ≥2mm in reference to the number of cells that were initially plated.
Neuroscience, Issue 49, Stem Cells, Neural Colony Forming Cell Assay, Progenitor Cells, enumeration
Dissection of a Mouse Eye for a Whole Mount of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Institutions: Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute and Department of Cellular and Structural Biology.
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) lies at the back of the mammalian eye, just under the neural retina, which contains the photoreceptors (rods and cones). The RPE is a monolayer of pigmented cuboidal cells and associates closely with the neural retina just above it. This association makes the RPE of great interest to researchers studying retinal diseases. The RPE is also the site of an in vivo
assay of homology-directed DNA repair, the pun
assay. The mouse eye is particularly difficult to dissect due to its small size (about 3.5mm in diameter) and its spherical shape. This article demonstrates in detail a procedure for dissection of the eye resulting in a whole mount of the RPE. In this procedure, we show how to work with, rather than against, the spherical structure of the eye. Briefly, the connective tissue, muscle, and optic nerve are removed from the back of the eye. Then, the cornea and lens are removed. Next, strategic cuts are made that result in significant flattening of the remaining tissue. Finally, the neural retina is gently lifted off, revealing an intact RPE, which is still attached to the underlying choroid and sclera. This whole mount can be used to perform the pun
assay or for immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescent assessment of the RPE tissue.
Neuroscience, Issue 48, mouse, dissection, eye, retinal pigment epithelium, flat mount, whole mount, RPE
Mechanical Stimulation-induced Calcium Wave Propagation in Cell Monolayers: The Example of Bovine Corneal Endothelial Cells
Institutions: KU Leuven.
Intercellular communication is essential for the coordination of physiological processes between cells in a variety of organs and tissues, including the brain, liver, retina, cochlea and vasculature. In experimental settings, intercellular Ca2+
-waves can be elicited by applying a mechanical stimulus to a single cell. This leads to the release of the intracellular signaling molecules IP3
that initiate the propagation of the Ca2+
-wave concentrically from the mechanically stimulated cell to the neighboring cells. The main molecular pathways that control intercellular Ca2+
-wave propagation are provided by gap junction channels through the direct transfer of IP3
and by hemichannels through the release of ATP. Identification and characterization of the properties and regulation of different connexin and pannexin isoforms as gap junction channels and hemichannels are allowed by the quantification of the spread of the intercellular Ca2+
-wave, siRNA, and the use of inhibitors of gap junction channels and hemichannels. Here, we describe a method to measure intercellular Ca2+
-wave in monolayers of primary corneal endothelial cells loaded with Fluo4-AM in response to a controlled and localized mechanical stimulus provoked by an acute, short-lasting deformation of the cell as a result of touching the cell membrane with a micromanipulator-controlled glass micropipette with a tip diameter of less than 1 μm. We also describe the isolation of primary bovine corneal endothelial cells and its use as model system to assess Cx43-hemichannel activity as the driven force for intercellular Ca2+
-waves through the release of ATP. Finally, we discuss the use, advantages, limitations and alternatives of this method in the context of gap junction channel and hemichannel research.
Cellular Biology, Issue 77, Molecular Biology, Medicine, Biomedical Engineering, Biophysics, Immunology, Ophthalmology, Gap Junctions, Connexins, Connexin 43, Calcium Signaling, Ca2+, Cell Communication, Paracrine Communication, Intercellular communication, calcium wave propagation, gap junctions, hemichannels, endothelial cells, cell signaling, cell, isolation, cell culture
Induction and Analysis of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition
Institutions: R&D Systems, Inc., R&D Systems, Inc..
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is essential for proper morphogenesis during development. Misregulation of this process has been implicated as a key event in fibrosis and the progression of carcinomas to a metastatic state. Understanding the processes that underlie EMT is imperative for the early diagnosis and clinical control of these disease states. Reliable induction of EMT in vitro
is a useful tool for drug discovery as well as to identify common gene expression signatures for diagnostic purposes. Here we demonstrate a straightforward method for the induction of EMT in a variety of cell types. Methods for the analysis of cells pre- and post-EMT induction by immunocytochemistry are also included. Additionally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this method through antibody-based array analysis and migration/invasion assays.
Molecular Biology, Issue 78, Cellular Biology, Biochemistry, Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology, Cancer Biology, Medicine, Bioengineering, Anatomy, Physiology, biology (general), Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms, Wounds and Injuries, Neoplasms, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, Epithelial to mesenchymal transition, EMT, cancer, metastasis, cancer stem cell, cell, assay, immunohistochemistry
In vivo Imaging of Optic Nerve Fiber Integrity by Contrast-Enhanced MRI in Mice
Institutions: Jena University Hospital, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Jena University Hospital.
The rodent visual system encompasses retinal ganglion cells and their axons that form the optic nerve to enter thalamic and midbrain centers, and postsynaptic projections to the visual cortex. Based on its distinct anatomical structure and convenient accessibility, it has become the favored structure for studies on neuronal survival, axonal regeneration, and synaptic plasticity. Recent advancements in MR imaging have enabled the in vivo
visualization of the retino-tectal part of this projection using manganese mediated contrast enhancement (MEMRI). Here, we present a MEMRI protocol for illustration of the visual projection in mice, by which resolutions of (200 µm)3
can be achieved using common 3 Tesla scanners. We demonstrate how intravitreal injection of a single dosage of 15 nmol MnCl2
leads to a saturated enhancement of the intact projection within 24 hr. With exception of the retina, changes in signal intensity are independent of coincided visual stimulation or physiological aging. We further apply this technique to longitudinally monitor axonal degeneration in response to acute optic nerve injury, a paradigm by which Mn2+
transport completely arrests at the lesion site. Conversely, active Mn2+
transport is quantitatively proportionate to the viability, number, and electrical activity of axon fibers. For such an analysis, we exemplify Mn2+
transport kinetics along the visual path in a transgenic mouse model (NF-κB p50KO
) displaying spontaneous atrophy of sensory, including visual, projections. In these mice, MEMRI indicates reduced but not delayed Mn2+
transport as compared to wild type mice, thus revealing signs of structural and/or functional impairments by NF-κB mutations.
In summary, MEMRI conveniently bridges in vivo
assays and post mortem
histology for the characterization of nerve fiber integrity and activity. It is highly useful for longitudinal studies on axonal degeneration and regeneration, and investigations of mutant mice for genuine or inducible phenotypes.
Neuroscience, Issue 89, manganese-enhanced MRI, mouse retino-tectal projection, visual system, neurodegeneration, optic nerve injury, NF-κB
Drug-induced Sensitization of Adenylyl Cyclase: Assay Streamlining and Miniaturization for Small Molecule and siRNA Screening Applications
Institutions: Purdue University, Eli Lilly and Company.
Sensitization of adenylyl cyclase (AC) signaling has been implicated in a variety of neuropsychiatric and neurologic disorders including substance abuse and Parkinson's disease. Acute activation of Gαi/o-linked receptors inhibits AC activity, whereas persistent activation of these receptors results in heterologous sensitization of AC and increased levels of intracellular cAMP. Previous studies have demonstrated that this enhancement of AC responsiveness is observed both in vitro
and in vivo
following the chronic activation of several types of Gαi/o-linked receptors including D2
dopamine and μ opioid receptors. Although heterologous sensitization of AC was first reported four decades ago, the mechanism(s) that underlie this phenomenon remain largely unknown. The lack of mechanistic data presumably reflects the complexity involved with this adaptive response, suggesting that nonbiased approaches could aid in identifying the molecular pathways involved in heterologous sensitization of AC. Previous studies have implicated kinase and Gbγ signaling as overlapping components that regulate the heterologous sensitization of AC. To identify unique and additional overlapping targets associated with sensitization of AC, the development and validation of a scalable cAMP sensitization assay is required for greater throughput. Previous approaches to study sensitization are generally cumbersome involving continuous cell culture maintenance as well as a complex methodology for measuring cAMP accumulation that involves multiple wash steps. Thus, the development of a robust cell-based assay that can be used for high throughput screening (HTS) in a 384 well format would facilitate future studies. Using two D2
dopamine receptor cellular models (i.e
), we have converted our 48-well sensitization assay (>20 steps 4-5 days) to a five-step, single day assay in 384-well format. This new format is amenable to small molecule screening, and we demonstrate that this assay design can also be readily used for reverse transfection of siRNA in anticipation of targeted siRNA library screening.
Bioengineering, Issue 83, adenylyl cyclase, cAMP, heterologous sensitization, superactivation, D2 dopamine, μ opioid, siRNA
A cGMP-applicable Expansion Method for Aggregates of Human Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells Derived From Pluripotent Stem Cells or Fetal Brain Tissue
Institutions: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.
A cell expansion technique to amass large numbers of cells from a single specimen for research experiments and clinical trials would greatly benefit the stem cell community. Many current expansion methods are laborious and costly, and those involving complete dissociation may cause several stem and progenitor cell types to undergo differentiation or early senescence. To overcome these problems, we have developed an automated mechanical passaging method referred to as “chopping” that is simple and inexpensive. This technique avoids chemical or enzymatic dissociation into single cells and instead allows for the large-scale expansion of suspended, spheroid cultures that maintain constant cell/cell contact. The chopping method has primarily been used for fetal brain-derived neural progenitor cells or neurospheres, and has recently been published for use with neural stem cells derived from embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. The procedure involves seeding neurospheres onto a tissue culture Petri dish and subsequently passing a sharp, sterile blade through the cells effectively automating the tedious process of manually mechanically dissociating each sphere. Suspending cells in culture provides a favorable surface area-to-volume ratio; as over 500,000 cells can be grown within a single neurosphere of less than 0.5 mm in diameter. In one T175 flask, over 50 million cells can grow in suspension cultures compared to only 15 million in adherent cultures. Importantly, the chopping procedure has been used under current good manufacturing practice (cGMP), permitting mass quantity production of clinical-grade cell products.
Neuroscience, Issue 88, neural progenitor cell, neural precursor cell, neural stem cell, passaging, neurosphere, chopping, stem cell, neuroscience, suspension culture, good manufacturing practice, GMP
A Functional Assay for Gap Junctional Examination; Electroporation of Adherent Cells on Indium-Tin Oxide
Institutions: Queen's University, Ask Science Products Inc..
In this technique, cells are cultured on a glass slide that is partly coated with indium-tin oxide (ITO), a transparent, electrically conductive material. A variety of molecules, such as peptides or oligonucleotides can be introduced into essentially 100% of the cells in a non-traumatic manner. Here, we describe how it can be used to study intercellular, gap junctional communication. Lucifer yellow penetrates into the cells when an electric pulse, applied to the conductive surface on which they are growing, causes pores to form through the cell membrane. This is electroporation. Cells growing on the nonconductive glass surface immediately adjacent to the electroporated region do not take up Lucifer yellow by electroporation but do acquire the fluorescent dye as it is passed to them via gap junctions that link them to the electroporated cells. The results of the transfer of dye from cell to cell can be observed microscopically under fluorescence illumination. This technique allows for precise quantitation of gap junctional communication. In addition, it can be used for the introduction of peptides or other non-permeant molecules, and the transfer of small electroporated peptides via gap junctions to inhibit the signal in the adjacent, non-electroporated cells is a powerful demonstration of signal inhibition.
Molecular Biology, Issue 92, Electroporation, Indium-Tin oxide, signal transduction, gap junctional communication, peptides, Stat3
In vitro Coculture Assay to Assess Pathogen Induced Neutrophil Trans-epithelial Migration
Institutions: Harvard Medical School, MGH for Children, Massachusetts General Hospital.
Mucosal surfaces serve as protective barriers against pathogenic organisms. Innate immune responses are activated upon sensing pathogen leading to the infiltration of tissues with migrating inflammatory cells, primarily neutrophils. This process has the potential to be destructive to tissues if excessive or held in an unresolved state. Cocultured in vitro
models can be utilized to study the unique molecular mechanisms involved in pathogen induced neutrophil trans-epithelial migration. This type of model provides versatility in experimental design with opportunity for controlled manipulation of the pathogen, epithelial barrier, or neutrophil. Pathogenic infection of the apical surface of polarized epithelial monolayers grown on permeable transwell filters instigates physiologically relevant basolateral to apical trans-epithelial migration of neutrophils applied to the basolateral surface. The in vitro
model described herein demonstrates the multiple steps necessary for demonstrating neutrophil migration across a polarized lung epithelial monolayer that has been infected with pathogenic P. aeruginosa
(PAO1). Seeding and culturing of permeable transwells with human derived lung epithelial cells is described, along with isolation of neutrophils from whole human blood and culturing of PAO1 and nonpathogenic K12 E. coli
(MC1000). The emigrational process and quantitative analysis of successfully migrated neutrophils that have been mobilized in response to pathogenic infection is shown with representative data, including positive and negative controls. This in vitro
model system can be manipulated and applied to other mucosal surfaces. Inflammatory responses that involve excessive neutrophil infiltration can be destructive to host tissues and can occur in the absence of pathogenic infections. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that promote neutrophil trans-epithelial migration through experimental manipulation of the in vitro
coculture assay system described herein has significant potential to identify novel therapeutic targets for a range of mucosal infectious as well as inflammatory diseases.
Infection, Issue 83, Cellular Biology, Epithelium, Neutrophils, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Respiratory Tract Diseases, Neutrophils, epithelial barriers, pathogens, transmigration
MicroRNA Expression Profiles of Human iPS Cells, Retinal Pigment Epithelium Derived From iPS, and Fetal Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Institutions: JBSA Fort Sam Houston.
The objective of this report is to describe the protocols for comparing the microRNA (miRNA) profiles of human induced-pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) derived from human iPS cells (iPS-RPE), and fetal RPE. The protocols include collection of RNA for analysis by microarray, and the analysis of microarray data to identify miRNAs that are differentially expressed among three cell types. The methods for culture of iPS cells and fetal RPE are explained. The protocol used for differentiation of RPE from human iPS is also described. The RNA extraction technique we describe was selected to allow maximal recovery of very small RNA for use in a miRNA microarray. Finally, cellular pathway and network analysis of microarray data is explained. These techniques will facilitate the comparison of the miRNA profiles of three different cell types.
Molecular Biology, Issue 88, microRNA, microarray, human induced-pluripotent stem cells, retinal pigmented epithelium
Assessment of Mitochondrial Functions and Cell Viability in Renal Cells Overexpressing Protein Kinase C Isozymes
Institutions: University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences .
The protein kinase C (PKC) family of isozymes is involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes. Our recent data demonstrate that PKC regulates mitochondrial function and cellular energy status. Numerous reports demonstrated that the activation of PKC-a and PKC-ε improves mitochondrial function in the ischemic heart and mediates cardioprotection. In contrast, we have demonstrated that PKC-α and PKC-ε are involved in nephrotoxicant-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in kidney cells. Therefore, the goal of this study was to develop an in vitro
model of renal cells maintaining active mitochondrial functions in which PKC isozymes could be selectively activated or inhibited to determine their role in regulation of oxidative phosphorylation and cell survival. Primary cultures of renal proximal tubular cells (RPTC) were cultured in improved conditions resulting in mitochondrial respiration and activity of mitochondrial enzymes similar to those in RPTC in vivo
. Because traditional transfection techniques (Lipofectamine, electroporation) are inefficient in primary cultures and have adverse effects on mitochondrial function, PKC-ε mutant cDNAs were delivered to RPTC through adenoviral vectors. This approach results in transfection of over 90% cultured RPTC.
Here, we present methods for assessing the role of PKC-ε in: 1. regulation of mitochondrial morphology and functions associated with ATP synthesis, and 2. survival of RPTC in primary culture. PKC-ε is activated by overexpressing the constitutively active PKC-ε mutant. PKC-ε is inhibited by overexpressing the inactive mutant of PKC-ε. Mitochondrial function is assessed by examining respiration, integrity of the respiratory chain, activities of respiratory complexes and F0
-ATPase, ATP production rate, and ATP content. Respiration is assessed in digitonin-permeabilized RPTC as state 3 (maximum respiration in the presence of excess substrates and ADP) and uncoupled respirations. Integrity of the respiratory chain is assessed by measuring activities of all four complexes of the respiratory chain in isolated mitochondria. Capacity of oxidative phosphorylation is evaluated by measuring the mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP production rate, and activity of F0
-ATPase. Energy status of RPTC is assessed by determining the intracellular ATP content. Mitochondrial morphology in live cells is visualized using MitoTracker Red 580, a fluorescent dye that specifically accumulates in mitochondria, and live monolayers are examined under a fluorescent microscope. RPTC viability is assessed using annexin V/propidium iodide staining followed by flow cytometry to determine apoptosis and oncosis.
These methods allow for a selective activation/inhibition of individual PKC isozymes to assess their role in cellular functions in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions that can be reproduced in in vitro
Cellular Biology, Issue 71, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Genetics, Pharmacology, Physiology, Medicine, Protein, Mitochondrial dysfunction, mitochondria, protein kinase C, renal proximal tubular cells, reactive oxygen species, oxygen consumption, electron transport chain, respiratory complexes, ATP, adenovirus, primary culture, ischemia, cells, flow cytometry
Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model
Institutions: University of Kentucky College of Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine.
Fairness of skin, UV sensitivity and skin cancer risk all correlate with the physiologic function of the melanocortin 1 receptor, a Gs
-coupled signaling protein found on the surface of melanocytes. Mc1r stimulates adenylyl cyclase and cAMP production which, in turn, up-regulates melanocytic production of melanin in the skin. In order to study the mechanisms by which Mc1r signaling protects the skin against UV injury, this study relies on a mouse model with "humanized skin" based on epidermal expression of stem cell factor (Scf). K14-Scf
transgenic mice retain melanocytes in the epidermis and therefore have the ability to deposit melanin in the epidermis. In this animal model, wild type Mc1r status results in robust deposition of black eumelanin pigment and a UV-protected phenotype. In contrast, K14-Scf
animals with defective Mc1r signaling ability exhibit a red/blonde pigmentation, very little eumelanin in the skin and a UV-sensitive phenotype. Reasoning that eumelanin deposition might be enhanced by topical agents that mimic Mc1r signaling, we found that direct application of forskolin extract to the skin of Mc1r-defective fair-skinned mice resulted in robust eumelanin induction and UV protection 1
. Here we describe the method for preparing and applying a forskolin-containing natural root extract to K14-Scf
fair-skinned mice and report a method for measuring UV sensitivity by determining minimal erythematous dose (MED). Using this animal model, it is possible to study how epidermal cAMP induction and melanization of the skin affect physiologic responses to UV exposure.
Medicine, Issue 79, Skin, Inflammation, Photometry, Ultraviolet Rays, Skin Pigmentation, melanocortin 1 receptor, Mc1r, forskolin, cAMP, mean erythematous dose, skin pigmentation, melanocyte, melanin, sunburn, UV, inflammation
Experimental Models for Study of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Physiology and Pathophysiology
Institutions: National Institutes of Health.
We have developed a cell culture procedure that can produce large quantities of confluent monolayers of primary human fetal retinal pigment epithelium (hfRPE) cultures with morphological, physiological and genetic characteristics of native human RPE. These hfRPE cell cultures exhibit heavy pigmentation, and electron microscopy show extensive apical membrane microvilli. The junctional complexes were identified with immunofluorescence labeling of various tight junction proteins. Epithelial polarity and function of these easily reproducible primary cultures closely resemble previously studied mammalian models of native RPE, including human. These results were extended by the development of therapeutic interventions in several animal models of human eye disease. We have focused on strategies for the removal of abnormal fluid accumulation in the retina or subretinal space. The extracellular subretinal space separates the photoreceptor outer segments and the apical membrane of the RPE and is critical for maintenance of retinal attachments and a whole host of RPE/retina interactions.
Neuroscience, Issue 45, epithelia, cultures, fluid transport, channels, polarization, edema, retina, detachment, monolayer
Modeling Astrocytoma Pathogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo Using Cortical Astrocytes or Neural Stem Cells from Conditional, Genetically Engineered Mice
Institutions: University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine.
Current astrocytoma models are limited in their ability to define the roles of oncogenic mutations in specific brain cell types during disease pathogenesis and their utility for preclinical drug development. In order to design a better model system for these applications, phenotypically wild-type cortical astrocytes and neural stem cells (NSC) from conditional, genetically engineered mice (GEM) that harbor various combinations of floxed oncogenic alleles were harvested and grown in culture. Genetic recombination was induced in vitro
using adenoviral Cre-mediated recombination, resulting in expression of mutated oncogenes and deletion of tumor suppressor genes. The phenotypic consequences of these mutations were defined by measuring proliferation, transformation, and drug response in vitro
. Orthotopic allograft models, whereby transformed cells are stereotactically injected into the brains of immune-competent, syngeneic littermates, were developed to define the role of oncogenic mutations and cell type on tumorigenesis in vivo
. Unlike most established human glioblastoma cell line xenografts, injection of transformed GEM-derived cortical astrocytes into the brains of immune-competent littermates produced astrocytomas, including the most aggressive subtype, glioblastoma, that recapitulated the histopathological hallmarks of human astrocytomas, including diffuse invasion of normal brain parenchyma. Bioluminescence imaging of orthotopic allografts from transformed astrocytes engineered to express luciferase was utilized to monitor in vivo
tumor growth over time. Thus, astrocytoma models using astrocytes and NSC harvested from GEM with conditional oncogenic alleles provide an integrated system to study the genetics and cell biology of astrocytoma pathogenesis in vitro
and in vivo
and may be useful in preclinical drug development for these devastating diseases.
Neuroscience, Issue 90, astrocytoma, cortical astrocytes, genetically engineered mice, glioblastoma, neural stem cells, orthotopic allograft
Setting-up an In Vitro Model of Rat Blood-brain Barrier (BBB): A Focus on BBB Impermeability and Receptor-mediated Transport
Institutions: VECT-HORUS SAS, CNRS, NICN UMR 7259.
The blood brain barrier (BBB) specifically regulates molecular and cellular flux between the blood and the nervous tissue. Our aim was to develop and characterize a highly reproducible rat syngeneic in vitro
model of the BBB using co-cultures of primary rat brain endothelial cells (RBEC) and astrocytes to study receptors involved in transcytosis across the endothelial cell monolayer. Astrocytes were isolated by mechanical dissection following trypsin digestion and were frozen for later co-culture. RBEC were isolated from 5-week-old rat cortices. The brains were cleaned of meninges and white matter, and mechanically dissociated following enzymatic digestion. Thereafter, the tissue homogenate was centrifuged in bovine serum albumin to separate vessel fragments from nervous tissue. The vessel fragments underwent a second enzymatic digestion to free endothelial cells from their extracellular matrix. The remaining contaminating cells such as pericytes were further eliminated by plating the microvessel fragments in puromycin-containing medium. They were then passaged onto filters for co-culture with astrocytes grown on the bottom of the wells. RBEC expressed high levels of tight junction (TJ) proteins such as occludin, claudin-5 and ZO-1 with a typical localization at the cell borders. The transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) of brain endothelial monolayers, indicating the tightness of TJs reached 300 ohm·cm2
on average. The endothelial permeability coefficients (Pe) for lucifer yellow (LY) was highly reproducible with an average of 0.26 ± 0.11 x 10-3
cm/min. Brain endothelial cells organized in monolayers expressed the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp), showed a polarized transport of rhodamine 123, a ligand for P-gp, and showed specific transport of transferrin-Cy3 and DiILDL across the endothelial cell monolayer. In conclusion, we provide a protocol for setting up an in vitro
BBB model that is highly reproducible due to the quality assurance methods, and that is suitable for research on BBB transporters and receptors.
Medicine, Issue 88, rat brain endothelial cells (RBEC), mouse, spinal cord, tight junction (TJ), receptor-mediated transport (RMT), low density lipoprotein (LDL), LDLR, transferrin, TfR, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER),
Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cells form Mammospheres During Lactogenic Differentiation
Institutions: F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD.
A phenotypic measure commonly used to determine the degree of lactogenic differentiation in mouse mammary epithelial cell cultures is the formation of dome shaped cell structures referred to as mammospheres 1
. The HC11 cell line has been employed as a model system for the study of regulation of mammary lactogenic differentiation both in vitro
and in vivo 2
. The HC11 cells differentiate and synthesize milk proteins in response to treatment with lactogenic hormones. Following the growth of HC11 mouse mammary epithelial cells to confluence, lactogenic differentiation was induced by the addition of a combination of lactogenic hormones including dexamethasone, insulin, and prolactin, referred to as DIP. The HC11 cells induced to differentiate were photographed at times up to 120 hours post induction of differentiation and the number of mammospheres that appeared in each culture was enumerated. The size of the individual mammospheres correlates with the degree of differentiation and this is depicted in the images of the differentiating cells.
Cellular Biology, Issue 32, Mammospheres, HC11, lactogenic differentiation, mammary
A Gradient-generating Microfluidic Device for Cell Biology
Institutions: Brigham and Women's Hospital.
The fabrication and operation of a gradient-generating microfluidic device for studying cellular behavior is described. A microfluidic platform is an enabling experimental tool, because it can precisely manipulate fluid flows, enable high-throughput experiments, and generate stable soluble concentration gradients. Compared to conventional gradient generators, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based microfluidic devices can generate stable concentration gradients of growth factors with well-defined profiles. Here, we developed simple gradient-generating microfluidic devices with three separate inlets. Three microchannels combined into one microchannel to generate concentration gradients. The stability and shape of growth factor gradients were confirmed by fluorescein isothyiocyanate (FITC)-dextran with a molecular weight similar to epidermal growth factor (EGF). Using this microfluidic device, we demonstrated that fibroblasts exposed to concentration gradients of EGF migrated toward higher concentrations. The directional orientation of cell migration and motility of migrating cells were quantitatively assessed by cell tracking analysis. Thus, this gradient-generating microfluidic device might be useful for studying and analyzing the behavior of migrating cells.
Issue 7, Cell Biology, tissue engineering, microfluidic, cell migration, gradient | <urn:uuid:b015d285-4896-4390-a76b-38f0b1b89df1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.jove.com/visualize/abstract/23028692/enhanced-pkc-erk-signaling-mediate-cell-migration-retinal-pigment | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00539-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.90878 | 9,351 | 2.703125 | 3 |
The Oaks – Beaufort, South Carolina
South Carolina | SC Picture Project | Beaufort County Photos | The Oaks
“The Oaks” was the name bestowed upon this Beaufort home built in 1855 for Colonel Paul Hamilton. Colonel Hamilton’s father, also named Paul Hamilton, served as both governor of South Carolina from 1804 through 1806 and as United States Secretary of the Navy under President James Madison from 1809 until 1812.
The stately manse sits across Short Street from The Green – a public park occupying one city block – and faces the Beaufort River in the Old Point community of historic downtown. Visitors should note, however, that it does not face the park, and despite its address at 100 Laurens Street, its front entrance is actually accessible via a dirt drive that extends from the west of King Street.
During the Civil War the home was utilized as a Union hospital after US troops occupied Beaufort in December of 1861. The story of The Oaks’ return to the Hamilton family is a fascinating one. In 1921, an historian named Harriette Kershaw Leiding conducted an interview with Miss Mary S. Hamilton, Colonel Hamilton’s daughter. In her subsequent article, Ms. Leiding gives an excellent description of the property and then recounts Miss Hamilton’s tale:
The Paul Hamilton house is rightfully considered one of the handsomest places in Beaufort. It occupies a beautiful situation on “The Point,” to distinguish this section from “The Bay,” which is noted for its magnificent live-oaks. The house overlooks a slightly terraced garden leading down to the water’s edge, with a quaint sea-wall on three sides to prevent the tide from overflowing the flower beds.
The building is of the usual square style common to the Sea Island dwellings, which are designed for coolness and airiness. The principal features of this low-country architecture are the wide halls, rooms with high ceilings, and large verandas, all of which make for comfort in these southern latitudes.
The Hamiltons are a distinguished family in South Carolina history. Paul Hamilton, Comptroller of the State from 1799 to 1804, showed that, in time of stress and danger South Carolina had, during the Revolution, contributed more than five million dollars for the general defense. He also possessed a clear and systematic head, and made the first reports on the resources, debits and credits of the State ever compiled. His reports astonished the legislature, as they then for the first time knew their real fiscal condition, and were enabled to deal intelligently with the resources of the State.
From 1804 to 1806 Paul Hamilton was Governor of South Carolina, and became Secretary of the Navy in 1809, which position he occupied until 1813. Another Hamilton, James, occupied the gubernatorial chair from 1830 to 1832, one of the most exciting terms in history, because of the Nullification Movement.
Miss Mary S. Hamilton, a noted educator of Beaufort, and daughter of Colonel Paul Hamilton, now occupies the Hamilton house, and gives the following account of it: “Colonel Hamilton’s house on the point was built in 1856, and planned by his wife and himself. We lived there for five years, and when the fleet entered the harbor in November, 1861, left the house until September, 1866. The story of its recovery may be of interest. The United States Government refused to rent any property to a former owner. They sold the homes in Beaufort for taxes and even when they paid the war tax back to the owners they only gave one-half the tax value and five dollars an acre for the land.
Our home had been retained by the government for a hospital. I proposed that my uncle (Dr. Gibbes) who was living with us should write and offer to rent it, as the war was over and hospitals no longer required. He did so, and it was rented at once to him, so that in September, 1866, we returned in a wagon drawn by mules, and lying on mattresses, a happy crowd as we reached our old home after an absence of nearly five years.
In November the house was put up at auction for sale. My father stated to the crowd gathered that it was his wife’s and her children’s and he would bid it to a million against another bidder who wanted it as a normal school for Negroes. It was, however, knocked down to him at fifteen hundred and fifty dollars, a fortune in those days.
He asked the court to allow him three days to visit Charleston and sell several lots my mother owned there from her English ancestors. We had no railroads to Beaufort then, only steamers, and it required three days for the round trip. They consented and he went to make the necessary arrangements. On the second day near sunset my brother of ten years came running in to tell us that at sunset the house was going to be sold.
I went downtown to see if the Mayor, Colonel William Elliott, could stop the sale. While waiting at his home my uncle came in to announce the good news that Mr. Simpson, the express agent, and Mr. [George] Holmes, a [New York] merchant [who resided in Beaufort], had heard of the proposed sale, raised the money among the business men and just before sunset paid for the home in the name of Colonel Hamilton. I had said that I would never shake hands with a Yankee, but that night across the counter I offered mine in thanks to Mr. Holmes.
My father was successful and they were repaid on his return the following day. A Frenchman paid for the Edgar Fripp house back of ours, and would not allow the money to be returned, going away and leaving no address.
The Oaks is listed in the National register as part of the Beaufort Historic District.
The Oaks Info
Address: 100 Laurens Street, Beaufort, SC 29902
GPS Coordinates: 32.434633,-80.664736
The Oaks Map
The Oaks Add Info and More Photos
The purpose of the South Carolina Picture Project is to celebrate the beauty of the Palmetto State and create a permanent digital repository for our cultural landmarks and natural landscapes. We invite you to add additional pictures (paintings, photos, etc) of The Oaks, and we also invite you to add info, history, stories, and travel tips. Together, we hope to build one of the best and most loved SC resources in the world! | <urn:uuid:6886ed68-586e-4077-99a5-dab4d44ed9b4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.sciway.net/sc-photos/beaufort-county/the-oaks.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00174-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971999 | 1,351 | 2.5625 | 3 |
The Significance of Feet
The feet are the lowest and humblest part of the body, the connection we have with the earth, and the grounding factor when it comes to spiritual symbolism. These are the feet of SONDRA RAY before our wedding in India in 2009. They are commonly painted this way with henna, the night before the wedding festivities.
I Am At Your Feet
I am at Your feet, forever at Your feet. To me that is higher than Mt. Everest. You are beyond the stars, so Your toes are the very galaxies I cannot comprehend. To touch them is to rise higher than I have ever gone. To leave this world a moment in my contemplation of You is to travel light years past my familiar places, past the planets of this solar system, past my place on earth in this small body of flesh and bone, into another realm of Divine perfection. I cannot fathom You, but nonetheless my certainty grows of Your omnipresent existence in everything I can sense, and in everything so far beyond what I can sense. Even my thought falls short of conceiving Your immensity. I am silenced for a while in gratitude, knowing Your tender loving care surrounds me in all time and space—Your caresses upon my soul reassure my inner child, walking ahead of You, that my Mother will always be there, just a half step behind me, to guide my steps and cushion any fall. O Mother, I sing my praises to You as I enter into a New Life. Purge me of all guile, make me Your servant more and more; come into me completely and inspire my Life to be an action of beauty for You.
— MARKUS RAY | <urn:uuid:d76a3271-d542-48ff-b78e-2a6340065b88> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://markusray.com/paintings/i-am-at-your-feet/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.91603 | 349 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Thermal lensing in high-power end-pumped Nd:YLF lasers
Hardman, P.J., Pollnau, M., Clarkson, W.A. and Hanna, D.C. (1997) Thermal lensing in high-power end-pumped Nd:YLF lasers. In, Quantum Electronics Conference (QE13), Cardiff, GB, 08 - 11 Sep 1997.
Full text not available from this repository.
One of the major limitations of scaling diode-end-pumped solid-state lasers to high powers is introduced by thermal effects. An attractive feature of Nd:YLF has been its superior thermo-optical properties compared to other laser crystals. This is due to a decrease of refractive index with increasing temperature, creating a negative thermal lens, which partially compensates for the positive lens due to bulging of the rod end faces. Other advantages of Nd:YLF include its natural birefringence and its long fluorescence lifetime. The latter feature is of interest for high-power Q-switched operation. Problems in realising the true potential of the laser, however, have often been encountered, for underlying spectroscopic reasons as indicated, e.g., in . We investigated the thermal lensing under lasing and non-lasing conditions within a diode-bar-pumped system. Under non-lasing conditions the thermal lens was measured using a Nd:YAG probe laser which double-passed the Nd:YLF rod. The resulting change in beam divergence was measured. Under lasing conditions the laser-beam waist size on the output coupler was measured. Hence, using the ABCD-matrix formalism, focal-length values for the thermal lenses were determined. The results showed a significant difference in the thermal lens under lasing and non-lasing conditions. In the former case a weak thermal lens was observed which varied linearly with pump power. Under non-lasing conditions a much stronger thermal lens was measured, whose power increased non-linearly with pump power. With 11 W of pump power incident on the crystal, a factor of 6 difference between lasing and non-lasing values of focal length was determined (Pi-polarisation, plane perpendicular to c-axis).
These measurements demonstrate that significant additional heat is generated in the non-lasing case. A finite-element calculation, which considered the relevant processes including interionic upconversion, their contribution to thermal loading, as well as the temperature distribution in the Nd:YLF crystal, was performed. An experimentally observed fluorescence saturation at 1.05µm of more than 50 % under Ti:sapphire pumping was numerically reproduced, and the value of the published upconversion parameter was thereby confirmed. With this information, the heat generation, spatial temperature distribution, and thermal lens under diode pumping were determined. The calculated thermal lens powers were in reasonable agreement with experimental results. Upconversion processes as well as the temperature dependencies of heat conductivity and thermo-optical parameters were found responsible for strong thermal lensing under non-lasing conditions and its non-linear behaviour with respect to absorbed pump power. Design improvement by a significant decrease of thermal lens power and spherical aberrations under Q-switched conditions can be achieved by increasing the pump-spot size, decreasing the dopant concentration and using a longer crystal, or detuning the pump wavelength from the absorption peak
|Item Type:||Conference or Workshop Item (Paper)|
|Subjects:||Q Science > QC Physics
T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
|Divisions :||University Structure - Pre August 2011 > Optoelectronics Research Centre
University Structure - Pre August 2011 > School of Physics and Astronomy
|Accepted Date and Publication Date:||
|Date Deposited:||11 Mar 2010|
|Last Modified:||31 Mar 2016 13:10|
|RDF:||RDF+N-Triples, RDF+N3, RDF+XML, Browse.|
Actions (login required) | <urn:uuid:d3c5f42f-0624-4f83-af15-9f351d94d884> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/76772/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00372-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.907247 | 857 | 2 | 2 |
A treat for the holidays that you will want to make all year long
Rugelach, Yiddish for little twists, are one of the easiest, most versatile sweet cookie-pastries you will ever know. It started out as a fluffy pastry and morphed into a cookie as the recipe immigrated along with it’s Jewish carriers to the USA. It’s an easy recipe with very forgiving dough and a great holiday cookie. They are quite addictive, so beware.
They started out as fluffy pastries and morphed into cookies as the recipe migrated along with its Jewish European carriers to the USA. The origin of the dessert traces back to Eastern Jewish populations around Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia and Poland. Most European regions had their own version of the little twisted-crescent shaped sweet pastries, most using a sweet and rich yeasted dough, resulting in a light and airy quality. Eastern Jewish regions incorporated sour cream into the dough to add both richness and pliability. After the recipe landed in the US, it left out the yeasted dough and swapped cream cheese with the original sour cream. These changes resulted in a more dense, cookie-like dough. The traditional fluffy rugelach can still be found in Europe, Israel and many parts of the Eastern USA, but, from this point forward, we’ll focus on the cookie version, as we transcend into rugelach bliss.
The rugelach cookie consists of buttery, flaky sweet dough rolled with layers of sweet jam, toasted nuts and usually dried fruit. The dough is rolled out into small circles with jam spooned over the dough. The disks are then studded with nuts and dried fruits, twisted into small crescents and baked until crisp. The resulting flaky-sweet-salty-crunchy-yet-chewy cookie makes a charming vessel for layered flavors.
Rugelach can showcase a season, a spice or a fruit perfectly. You may also get modern and experimental by using savory ingredients with just a few tweaks. They certainly symbolize the holidays, especially for the Jewish faith or East Coasters, but no special occasion is necessary to bake them and celebrate.
The featured Tropical Rugelach showcases my signature mango jam and the versatility of fillings you can use. Mango jam, using sweet perfumed mangoes, brings a breath of tropical air to holiday rugelach and the cold, dark days of December. We follow that up with the warming sensation of toasted walnuts and pistachios and a fresh blend of middle eastern spices. I must admit my favorite version of rugelach comes wrapped up in the combination of chocolate, cardamom and hazelnuts. (Although, the apricot jam and nuts version I enjoyed from my Brooklyn days was pretty satisfying too…)
Sparkling nights in the dead of winter, with zesty mangoes and this Jewish recipe, with spices and nuts from the Middle East, makes me appreciative of loosening traditional boundaries in food and hopeful for a more open, sharing world.
A food processor makes this recipe easier. With that being said, since I don’t have one, I use an electric hand mixer. If you opt to do it by hand, you’ll need to bring the butter and cream cheese to room temperature before starting. The food processor method yields a flakier cookie, and you can use it to chop the nuts and fruit ahead of time, making the cookies easier to assemble.
Mix flour and salt in a medium bowl.
Makes 4 dozen cookies
For the dough
2 cups all purpose flour
¼ teaspoon kosher salt
¼ cup raw sugar
8 ounces cream cheese, cold and cubed
2 sticks (16 tablespoons) salted butter, cold
1 teaspoon vanilla extract
1 egg yolk
For the filling
½ cup fresh mango jam
2 tablespoons brown sugar
½ cup finely chopped dried currants
½ cup finely chopped dried apricots
½ cup finely chopped pistachios
½ cup finely chopped walnuts
½ teaspoon ground cinnamon
¼ teaspoon ground cardamom
½ teaspoon ground nutmeg
¼ teaspoon salt
Powdered Sugar for assembly
¼ cup milk for brushing pre baking
Food processor method: Cube the cream cheese and place it in your food processor. With the motor running, add cubes of butter and process until the butter and the cream cheese are mixed thoroughly. The mixture should be smooth and creamy. Add vanilla, sugar and egg yolk and mix until fully incorporated. Add the flour and salt mixture, and pulse until the dough starts to clump together.
Hand mixer method: Soften the cream cheese and butter. Combine the sugar, cream cheese and butter in a mixing bowl, and mix until smooth and fully incorporated. Add sugar, vanilla and egg yolk, and mix again until they are incorporated fully. Add the flour and salt mixture a little at a time and mix until the dough starts to come together in clumps. I typically use my hands at this point.
Once the dough has come together in clumps, press together to form one ball. Separate the ball into four sections, and shape each section into a small thick disc. Wrap the discs, separately in plastic wrap, or place them in an airtight glass container in the refrigerator for at least 1 hour (but no more than a few days). You can also freeze the dough for several weeks. If frozen, thaw fully in the refrigerator 24 hours before using.
When You’re Ready to Bake: Prepare two parchment lines baking trays. Set aside the mango jam and mix together all the remaining filling ingredients. Sprinkle your work surface with powdered sugar. A few minutes before rolling, take each of your four discs out, one at a time, so they can warm a little. Roll out the dough into a circle about 8 inches wide and about 1/8 inch thick. Use the powdered sugar to prevent sticking.
Spread a layer of jam evenly over the entire circle (about 2 tablespoons), right up to the edges of the dough. Evenly sprinkle the circle of jam with about ½ cup of the dried fruit, nuts and spices mix, making sure the jam if fully covered with a layer of the dried filling. Slice the dough like a pie into wedges using a pizza cutter or very sharp knife. You should be able to get about 12 slices.
Roll each slice or wedge, beginning with the wide, outside edge into the smaller center of the circle. Make sure the tip (the tip left over by rolling toward the smaller center point) is tucked in. Set the rolled cookie with the tip face down and make sure it is in a shaped in a crescent shape. Repeat until you have both sheets filled with rugelach.
Refrigerate the baking sheets of rugelach for 30 minutes.
Preheat oven to 375°F .
Brush the tops of the pre-baked cookies with milk. Bake the cookies until golden-brown, about 20 minutes. Rotate baking trays halfway through to endure even browning. Once the cookies are done, remove them carefully, one by one, and place them on a wire rack to cool.
Repeat with any remaining dough.
Happy Holidays from Under the Mango Tree! | <urn:uuid:abd9432a-b64f-4947-aa91-420c26bfbd1b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.underthemangotree.crespoorganic.com/2016/12/12/tropical-holiday-rugelach/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.910692 | 1,512 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Presumably if this course (and we hope the one above it) are under the DPC if it is to be surrounded by slabs Kevin. The slabs must be at least 150mm (two courses) below DPC. The DPC will take care of any water wanting to rise in the bricks and from the point of view of the visual appearance the same bricks would look better. The regs do not dictate which materials to use in this case, only in foundations. A lot of people prefer to use engineering bricks on a slab for the first two courses under a DPC because of water splashing on them, from slabs, during a rainfall. If you read our project on freeze-thaw action this makes sense, but visually it may not suit you. As long as the water cannot get through the DPC its ok but this is only acceptable in a cavity wall situation. If your conservatory only has a single skin (100mm thick) wall then engineering bricks should be used but we would also question the suitability of such a structure. Take a look at most houses and you will see that the same bricks are used for the two courses of bricks under the DPC as are used above. Its only "In the ground" that different bricks, and blocks, should be used and this is most often on the basis of compressive strength or chemical ground activity rather than just plain damp conditions.
I am a bricklayer and I would not advise using LBC bricks under the DPC you will have trouble in the future .The face will fall off due to frost,fact.Get some semi engineerings,you will find they are cheaper than LBC's anyway.
DIY how to tutorial projects and guides - Did you know we have a DIY Projects section? Well, if no, then we certainly do! Within this area of our site have literally hundreds of how-to guides and tutorials that cover a huge range of home improvement tasks. Each page also comes with pictures and a video to make completing those jobs even easier! | <urn:uuid:0c9951be-7e0c-467d-9b1f-bd90eafa8eb7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.diydoctor.org.uk/forums/what-brick-should-you-use-for-one-course-underground-t550.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00458-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959951 | 415 | 2.421875 | 2 |
It seems every summer day we look out into the Boston Harbor or NYC rivers, and one mentions how awesome it would be to just jump into the water. +Pool is still pushing forward to make this a reality in NYC. One of the largest civic kickstarters ever done and you can be a part of helping to make it a reality. We have been following +POOL, and Archie Lee Coates, Jeffrey Franklin, Dong-Ping Wong, every since the original idea was reveled. Float Lab is just another stepping stone in making +Pool a reality. A smart and creative design funded by the people for the people. It seems like a no brainier! So make sure to check out the +Pool kickstarter after the jump!
TEAM: Archie Lee Coates, Jeffrey Franklin, Dong-Ping Wong KICKSTARTER: +Pool, Tile by Tile SUPPORT: CLICK HERE YEAR: 2013
Some of the best designs and innovations are quick and dirty scribbles on a dirty napkin. So why do architecture competition require 6 boards of pretty images and sections, just to get the root idea across? PIN architecture is a way for students, designers, and professionals to quickly participate in a monthly competition. There is no fee to participate and no eligibility requirements. You are forced to keep your idea within a 4 inch diameter circle. A great competition to help flex professionals and students design muscles in a monthly competition. We look forward to throwing down ourselves and see what comes out of these competitions!
A project out of BLUE at the Architectural Association School of Architecture in London, which is a design research laboratory at the school. They take an experimental approach towards today’s digital fabrication and computational technologies to expand architectural boundaries. Natural Prosthesis by José Cadilhe, Julia Almeida, Michail Desyllas, & Salih Topal takes an ecological approach to how built architecture can interact with the machine that is nature. They didn’t take the approach of nature being this pristine perfect form, but an ever changing organism as a whole, and how can architecture better approach and connect with this system. Check it out after the jump!
STUDENT: José Cadilhe, Julia Almeida, Michail Desyllas, & Salih Topal SCHOOL: AA – Blue CRITICS: Alisa Andrasek & Jose Sanchez COURSE: Master in Architecture & Urbanism AADRL YEAR: 2012
Tongji University’s Solar Decathlon project the “Para Eco-House” is a blend between parametric design and ecological innovation. At first glance you can already see the integration of the parametric design that wraps the facade of the building. Tongji University brought a mixture of students and professionals together to bring this project to reality. The finish project blows away the conceptual design renderings, brought to life through the marrying of o theory in eastern philosophy and the theories of Michel Foucault in western thought. Check it out after the jump!
Nature is our best resource for finding the strongest and most complex structures in the world today. Saarland University School of Architecture teamed up with research collaborative Bowoos to investigate a bionic inspired wooden shell structure. The results are this highly digitally fabricated temporary pavilion. As we continue to see projects like this popping up all over the place, we are beginning to wonder what is the next step for these design studies into digital fabrication, outside of creating temporary structures? Or are we changing bringing ornamentation into built construction?
Today we are checking out a project from last year’s Techno-Futurism cluster lead by Chris Perry at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute School of Architecture. Kyle Baumgardner approached the challenge that the city of Philadelphia is facing. As Philly is in quest to become the ‘greenest’ city in America, but at the same time faced with the challenge of replacing the industry that keeps it alive. Kyle pulls from the architectural notions of Yona Friedman’s, Marco Zanuso’s work, and Cedric Price’s Potteries. Check it out after the jump!
We live in an age of a vastly growing population, where the demand for food is growing higher and the available land is shrinking. The approach to organic farming and the beef industry has not radically changed enough for future demands. Ryan Botts from Rice University, steps away from the traditional vertical farm parti, but approaches food production synthesized with dwelling. Creating an urban farm in Chicago that combines the density of city dwelling to the heart of the agricultural world.
What happens if we are forced into living within the norms of our habitat? Or is it the buildings we design and live in today truly the foreign objects within the ecosystem? These are the question posed by Noah Bentley, Sara Mackie, and Dan Mills in today’s post “Ice Bridge : Canadian Arctic Rehabilitation”, from the Montana State University Graduate School of Architecture. The project is about today’s climate shift within the Arctic ecosystem between the Inuit population and animal life, and creating a nucleating agent to form ice structures. Check it out after the jump!
Today F+ is showcasing an original submission by Pablo Zunzunegui with his M. Arch Thesis ‘Phytopia’, at UC Berkeley. The project dives into the ecologies of the Amazon Forest, and designs an ecosystem between man and machine within the jungle. A radically different approach then Benjamin Badeau NATURE|MAN|MACHINE, where cities were left behind. Pablo suggest the reinsertion of man into the jungle. Phytopia, a Swiss Family Robinson like design, is designed to control both sunlight and rainwater exposure through mechanical intervention. Check it out after the jump!
SCHOOL: UC Berkeley STUDENT: Pablo Zunzunegui PROFESSORS: Ronald Rael COURSE: M. Arch Thesis YEAR: Spring 2012
F+ is checking out some of the teams for the Solar Decathlon 2012 in Europe, with all the great projects and success of the event in the US we are looking forward to following the decathlon. Today we are showcasing Sumbiosi, its title with an ancient Greek meaning, is to be 100% eco-friendly and run entirely on solar power. Check out the rest of this project after the jump, and make sure to follow Sumbiosi’s progress on Twitter @Sumbiosi. | <urn:uuid:09082f64-8dd3-47c0-ae24-ac2aa69b29fe> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://futuresplus.net/tag/green-design/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00252-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.923073 | 1,329 | 2.09375 | 2 |
European Court Rules Internet Service Providers Can Block Piracy Sites
The Motion Picture Association's European branch welcomes the Court of Justice decision as a "proportionate and valid measure" in fighting copyright infingement.
The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) ruled on Thursday that Internet Service Providers (ISPs) in Europe can legally block piracy sites that illegally distribute copyright-protected material.
The European branch of the Motion Picture Association hailed the verdict as a "proportionate and valid measure" and "an important milestone in the creative industries’ ongoing efforts to curb online piracy."
The verdict sets a clear legal framework across the European Union territories and confirms national court rulings in several territories. The ruling also sends a strong signal to ISPs that website blocking is an effective measure to reduce overall infringement, the MPA said, and that ISP are typically the best-placed to tackle copyright infringement.
The European court ruled on a case brought back in June 15, 2012 before the Austrian Supreme Court. Distributors Constantin Film and Wega took action against Austrian ISP UPC Telekabel Wien for not blocking acess to kino.to, at the time the largest piracy site in German-speaking Europe with a top 40 ranking on Alexa.com and up to four million visitors per day. The case went all the way to Europe's supreme court, with the CJEU asking to clarify the legality of site blocking, which Internet freedom advocates have compared to censorship.
Chris Marcich, president and managing director of the MPA EMEA, said the verdict means that rightsholders "will continue to have the ability to secure balanced website blocking orders from national courts across the EU to address infringing sites."
Added Marcich: "I am particularly encouraged by the strong stance the CJEU has taken in relation to the responsibility of intermediaries to address copyright infringement. A sustainable Internet that benefits all must operate fairly, with proportionate and balanced rules. We must all play a constructive role in this aim, including search engines who continue to lead consumers to illegal money-making sites."
Marcich cited the hard work the movie industry across Europe is carrying out to "develop new, innovative and consumer-friendly platforms delivering the shows and movies that audiences want to see -- whilst ensuring that the creators and makers get compensated for their hard work."
According to MPA figures, citizens in Europe have access to over 3,000 legal on-demand video services. | <urn:uuid:034b24cd-35eb-4b29-a6df-0b322eb97061> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/european-court-rules-internet-service-691623 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721387.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00447-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.921814 | 501 | 1.789063 | 2 |
It’s time for each of us to have a talk with our inner economist. If humanity is to survive the hardships that lie ahead due to climate change, we’ve got to abandon the now universal, but originally Western, ethos of economic growth. That onward-and-upward, more-is-better paean to the accumulation of individual wealth and to the idea of Earth-as-tool has led us blindly into a very tight spot. If we don’t abandon those notions and change the way our societies operate, we may face utter collapse.
So argues veteran environmental journalist Dianne Dumanoski in The End of the Long Summer: Why We Must Remake Our Civilization to Survive on a Volatile Earth. The book skillfully weaves evidence from climatology, biology, history, anthropology, economics, and other fields to dispel any feel-good misconceptions about global warming, explain its causes, and try to prepare us for what’s ahead.
If you were picturing a gradual climb in Earth’s temperatures potentially making northern areas more hospitable, think again. “Volatile” is the key word here.
Before the last 12,000 years of nearly unprecedented climate stability—the period known as “the long summer” that allowed complex civilizations to develop—chaotic climate swings were the norm. Climate varied more from decade to decade than it has in the past 12,000 years. Picture an ice age developing in the span of a lifetime, or even a decade—this scenario may confront us, depending on how the Earth reacts to our toxic influences.
The Earth’s volatility is a key point, Dumanoski stresses. Science does not (and cannot) predict all, and she says that in the century ahead, we need to prepare for swift, wild surprises. “Nature is not like a mechanical escalator but like a leaping dragon,” she writes. We’ve got to prepare for the worst even as we try to stop our ongoing damage to the Earth.
It’s not an original notion, but only a few have acted on it so far. For example, the San Francisco Chronicle reports that in California, known for its regulations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, a panel of leaders is forming a “Plan B” to deal with the disruptive effects of climate change.
The End of the Long Summer helps readers get the big picture and think globally, but it is less clear on how we should act locally. The idea that we must redirect Western civilization is daunting, so Dumanoski suggests strategies drawn from human history of surviving past climate crises.
What Will it Take to Avert Disastrous Climate Change?
We thought we had 20, 30, 50 years to take on the climate crisis. We were wrong. The scary science, smart policies, and critical actions that could still avert disaster. Read more
She advocates a two-pronged strategy of “survivability” (which she differentiates from individualistic, run-for-the-hills survivalism): Reduce the activities that are “disrupting the Earth’s metabolism,” she says, and improve the resilience of our communities and institutions by changing systems that make us vulnerable to climate change.
Dumanoski urges us to transform our global, must-keep-growing, too-big-to-fail economy and social systems.These systems prioritize the accumulation of financial capital over the generation of social capital. In the future, they will need to be based on trust and cooperation. There may be no one to bail us out if climate change interrupts international trade. We must revise our systems of producing food and “essential” goods to incorporate principles of functional redundancy, diversity, and compartmentalization. In crudely simple terms, we can’t rely on apples from Washington or clothing and steel from China being delivered on demand if climate change rapidly destroys croplands and interrupts transportation. Strong communities will be partially self-sufficient yet rely on multiple sources. They will have allies willing to help, and will warehouse a variety of foods and goods to get through hard times.
Dumanoski offers a number of policy suggestions—her own and others’—toward these ends. We could reinstitute grain stockpiles, which have largely disappeared from countries around the world since the 1990s, due to the policies of the United States, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund. Governments could mandate that manufacturers use diverse sources of raw materials, components, and services, and require companies to disclose their sources and suppliers, so that investors reward those who spread their risk.
Given the weak agreements that came out of the Copenhagen climate talks, however, it’s hard to imagine world leaders agreeing to change the underpinnings of the world economy. When the economy is mentioned in the same breath as climate change, it’s usually in reference to climate policies potentially hurting “the economy” or kick-starting a “green economy.” Dumanoski suggests that the fundamental ideas that drive economic theory have to change in order to cope with the climate crisis.
What would it look like to have a resilient community that functions in cooperation with the Earth? Could some indigenous societies serve as models? Notably, the idea is not explored in the book. Dumanoski does point to some encouraging trends in the growing activism for organic and locally grown food, the preservation of seed and farmland, crop diversity, and the acknowledgment of Earth as Gaia, a living organism.
The End of the Long Summer gives us another in a string of much-needed wake-up calls. While it may be hard to imagine humanity responding as Dumanoski very convincingly says we should, she emphasizes that we have the capacity to surprise ourselves. “The only certain thing about the coming century is its immense uncertainty,” she writes. It’s time to embrace that uncertainty and start preparing for climate change as best we can.
Interested?: Meet some of the people on the front lines of climate action. | <urn:uuid:8b5538b9-751d-41cc-ac3d-1feaae38995e> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.yesmagazine.org/issues/america-the-remix/the-end-of-the-long-summer?icl=email_apr10&ica=39_Summer | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718426.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00137-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940585 | 1,259 | 2.90625 | 3 |
What an IP Right is good for
Every company can find itself in the position of being infringed or of infringing.
Your IP right is infringed
A granted IP right provides its owner with the right to prohibit third parties from using the subject matter protected by the IP right, be it a technical invention, a trademark or a design. If the IP right is ignored and infringed by third parties, it is natural that the owner of the IP right will not tolerate this violation of the exclusive right. The owner will try to stop the infringer, be it through legal proceedings or negotiations.
A plurality of complex issues has to be addressed and considered before approaching a potential infringer. Initially, it has to be analyzed if the actions of the potential infringer do indeed infringe the IP right in question with a reasonable likelihood. To answer this question, the scope of protection of the IP right has to be determined in consideration of the current jurisdiction, and if the accused device or process falls within the scope of protection of the IP right. Further, several questions of procedural nature have to be addressed. Shall the warning letter be sent to the potential infringer? Is it a reasonable option to try to secure a preliminary injunction? What is the cost risk for the client? What then should you seek? Etc.
As patent attorney I have participated in a plurality of patent and trademark infringement cases such that I am in a position to give full advice to my clients in case of infringement actions.
In infringement proceedings, in Germany, the patent attorney typically works together with a litigator, who is an attorney at law specialized in IP and who represents the client before the court. I am well connected and have worked with a plurality of highly specialized IP litigators such as that strong team can be formed as the need arises.
You infringe the IP right of another
In view of the very high number of existing IP rights, every company potentially runs the danger of infringing the IP rights of others. In Germany, good faith is no excuse in an infringement proceeding. If the company has received a warning letter or complaint because of alleged infringement of an IP right, a swift reaction is quintessential. A plurality of questions has to be addressed. What are the chances that a court will find infringement of the IP right? What arguments are available that there is no infringement? How strong is the IP right and what are the chances that it may be revoked in an opposition or nullity proceeding? What is the cost risk for the alleged infringer? Would it be wise to seek a license?
These are just some of the questions with which a company is confronted if the owner of an IP right raises in infringement claim. I will be happy to provide you with my advice. | <urn:uuid:0f305bf7-ccb4-42a7-aeb1-f8fb4ac5f270> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.muellerpatent.com/en/litigation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.951566 | 561 | 1.679688 | 2 |
The human body has surprising ways of curing and healing itself from the harshness of its environment and social lifestyle. One of these is the power of inflammation in responding to every pain and injury it endures. Moreover, it helps the natural ways of healing and repairing process of the body.
Despite how this process helped the body, too much of it can lead to various health risks. According to Alkaline Naturals, multiple factors like pollution and stress can cause chronic inflammation. The alkaline diet is said to be one way to reduce too much swelling to the system.
Can Alkaline Herb Reduce Inflammation?
Besides stress and the environment, some foods can cause chronic inflammation because of being acidic, affecting the body’s pH levels. Once the body tissues become acidic, it draws minerals like calcium and potassium from bones and tissues. It also attempts to block its safeguarding the body from many acids and restoring the body to its alkaline state. With this, people with alkaline bodies are more active since they can endure pains better than people with acidic body state.
Alkaline Herbs that Reduce Inflammation
Too much inflammation is something that shouldn’t be accepted in daily living. Fortunately, some herbs will aid any person to lessen and even prevent inflammation in the body system.
Yellow pigment curcumin is the turmeric’s secret as being an anti-inflammatory alkaline herb. Besides decreasing inflammation, this also treats digestive wounds, infections, and disorders.
White Willow Bark
Another fantastic herb, the white willow bark has been with the Egyptians and Romans as a cure for chronic inflammation and other pain problems. Recent studies proved that this herb has a comparable effect to aspirin, a known pain reliever. However, the white willow bark has fewer side effects than aspirin.
Besides giving a stronger flavor and spice to any dish, chili peppers have various benefits to health. Its capsaicin, a chemical which makes chili peppers hot and spicy, is the same chemical that gives anti-inflammatory property to this herb.
Another excellent ingredient in various dishes, the black pepper can be accountable for inflammation and pain problems. The chemical piperine not only makes black pepper to produce strong flavor but also as an anti-inflammatory agent. Even at small dosages, black pepper can contribute to inflammation problems and suppress the perception of pain. It can also lessen the intense symptoms of arthritis.
An herb native in Peru, the cat’s claw has been traditionally used to treat different health concerns like arthritis and intestinal problems. Some studies show that this herb can lessen inflammation responses in the body system. Moreover, it also has a protective effect against gastrointestinal inflammation.
Another exceptional ingredient, ginger has also been used as herbal medicine because of the benefits it can give to the body. Some researchers discovered that ginger has a better therapeutic effect than NSAIDs used to treat pain and inflammation. Also, it can inhibit gene activations that are usually involved in inflammatory responses to the body system.
An unhealthy inflammation increase can cause various problems in our health. With a diet that consists of consuming alkaline-rich foods, it will surely keep inflammation always in moderation. | <urn:uuid:d858cff6-bde4-4140-a196-ac671b382799> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wholepost.com/does-alkaline-herb-reduce-inflammation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.937154 | 666 | 2.796875 | 3 |
“Language as a Boundary’ is South African artist Faith47 newest mural created in Cleveland, Ohio for the Inter|Urban project.
The mural draws inspiration from ‘Language as a boundary”, a book by Nigerian post-colonial writer and Nobel prize winner Wole Soyinka.
According to Soyinka, ‘of all forms of boundaries known to man, language is one of the most persistent, insidious and tragic.’ He also adds that language is the most penetrating means of identity within a community, being itself a repository of a people’s history and culture. About the subject Faith47 adds:
Looking at language as a lived phenomenon, with its dualistic function of providing necessary self-affirmation on an individualistic and cultural level. Yet simultaneously acting as one of the key factors in embedding the separatist definition in social consciousness.
Thus further solidifying colonial boundaries and obstructing the humanist search for a common understanding.
The mural shows the image of eight…
View original post 26 more words | <urn:uuid:bde6d083-f415-41f2-b7ce-06131002543f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://msamba.wordpress.com/2016/06/09/language-as-a-boundary-by-faith47/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00084-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937554 | 212 | 2.875 | 3 |
Cutout Circuit Board
For a transparent touchpad in textile we needed to create circuit boards that are thin, small, easy to mount on a textile substrate and more or less flexible. To create such a circuit board we started to experiment with cutting copper foil on the CAMM-1 at Protospace fablab.
The cutting of circuits in copper foil turns out to be very doable but some extra care when designing the board is needed.
This speaks for itself. A work around is to use WireWrap wire to make wire bridges.
Corners should be rounded
Copper foil does not stretch as the vinyl does. Because of this if the corners are too sharp it is possible the rotation of the knife lifts the copper from its backing. This might cause problems if you have dense packaging and/or small traces.
Minimal 0.6 mm space (degrades quickly when blade gets blunt)
After some experimentation we found that the minimal space between cuts is ~0.7 to 0.6 mm. This can be lifted a bit as long as the amount of cuts is limited and cutting speed is very slow. This also depends on the foil brand, sharpness of the knife, knife force etc.. It is good practice to cut a test before cutting the rest to fine tune the settings.
On above picture it is very clear what happens if spacing is too small.
Don't do tight packaging
If the circuit board needs to be flexible don't package the components too tightly. The solder joints are the most susceptible to mechanical stress. If the traces are longer they can take much of the stress away that would otherwise work on the joints.
As far as component sizes concern anything smaller than 0805 and SOIC would be pushing it. Even if it can be cut soldering it will be practically impossible as the traces are able to move. We used 1205 packages to be on the safe side; there is enough space for a bit of movement.
We did our board design in CadSoft Eagle and exported as a bitmap with all layers turned off except Top, Pads en tStop.
The bitmap was then imported into Adobe Illustrator, scaled to its actual size (this has to be done very accurately) and paths drawn over the traces. It is now very easy to adjust the sizes, round the cornes and do some more tweaking that might need to be done. Only keep in mind that the pad distances stay the same and are accurately aligned. The last step is to outline all paths (Object -> Path -> Outline stroke) and merge all shapes that form a single path using the Pathfinder's 'add to shape area' tool. Inversely to create holes use the 'subtract from shape area' tool.
Board outline ready to be cut.
For cutting the circuit we use Cutronic copper foil (http://fablab.waag.org/content/techsoft). This is an A4 size copper foil with an adhesive backlayer. It is specially made for this type of usage (although they don't advise to do SMT with it ;-) ). Cutting the foil needs some different settings of the CAMM-1.
Should be set somewhere between 60 to 80 gf. This also depends on the shape the knife is in and the type of foil used. Experimet with the build in test pattern before proceeding. Cuts should be well through the foil but only make a little schratch in the backing. If it cuts through the backing force is way too high. If it does not scratch the backing sometimes it won't cut through the foil meaning more rework afterwards.
This should be set to quite a low value, 1cm/s is the slowest and recommended for complicated designs with tight packing. It also gives some time to push back little pieces that came loose with some fine tweezers.
The amount the blade should stick out depends on the foil used. For the Cutronic foil somewhere near ~1mm gives good results. It is recommended to use the original Roland blades as they are expensive but harder than the cheaper blades and will last longer. The blade originally supplied with the CAMM-1, the ZEC-A1005, is quite suitable for cutting copper foil. See the this pdf for an overview of CAMM-1 blades.
A cutout circuit board, left ready to be soldered (after tidying the little corner on the left), right as it comes out of the CAMM-1.
First thing to do is peel of the excess copper so only the circuit itself is on the backing paper. Soldering can be done while the circuit is still on the paper, it will get a bit yellowish but won't burn or melt. One thing to watch out for is the glue loosing adhesive strength when heated (it will stick like before when cooled down). This can make soldering a bit tricky. Loose pads will try to stick onto the soldering iron so great care and thinking about soldering order is needed. Also a set of very fine (SMT) tweezers which are anti-magnetic is a must. When all that is kept in mind, with a bit of practice, soldering on the foil is surprisingly easy.
Finished board (black blobs are carbonized glue, grey wires are conductive threads)
Some components which have very tiny leads (like SOD diodes) will have to be reinforced as the leads will break from the package under stress. We used some drops of polyurethane glue to do the job (the blobs on the left and right in above picture). Only use small drops as it will expand.
With a little penknife, tweezers and care it is fairly easy to remove the circuit as a whole from its backing. Carefully slide the knife under the circuit bit by bit while holding it with the tweezers until the whole circuit comes off. The circuit can now be stuck on something else; textile in our case (see for example our first flexible circuit on felt test)
The end result was a transparent flexible touchpad. The circuits have been connected using conductive thread and carbonized glue.
Almost finished touchpad
Due to the limitations mentioned above we could not cut the A/D board as the A/D chip has a TSOP-16 outline which is too small to cut. As a compromise we etched it on a very thin epoxy board.
For more information of the actual working of the touchpad or some movies please have a look at http://www.josos.org | <urn:uuid:c02e8814-1eeb-4b8b-a6bd-a86f05165e3d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://protospace.nl/cutout-circuit-board-0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719677.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00559-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93615 | 1,347 | 2.21875 | 2 |
TRACK operator Network Rail (NR) caused huge disruption to Southport commuters using the Merseyrail network by using the wrong grease.
A confidential report says the lubricant used by NR on the tracks was not water-resistant, meaning train wheels were grinding unprotected against the tracks.
At its worst so many trains were waiting to be repaired that services were slashed from four an hour to two an hour, causing misery for commuters.
The report says in August, 2007, NR headquarters ordered a change in the grease because there was a problem with oil/water separation that meant the lubricant was being washed off the rails. The nozzles of trackside dispensers were also getting blocked by the residual mineral content of the grease.
That decision came after Merseyrail had observed a “20 to 30 fold increase” in the rate of wheel flange wear.
The increase, the report continues, affected the entire fleet and wore wheels down to their minimum flange level. That caused trains to be taken out of service so their wheels could be re-faced on a lathe. So many trains needed work that a backlog developed at the Kirkdale workshop.
Merseyrail, which manages the trains, and NR, which has the monopoly for looking after tracks, appointed industry analysts Deltarail to investigate.
Deltarail’s interim report was discussed at a private meeting of Merseytravel’s rail committee yesterday.
It says the most likely cause of the problem was faulty lubrication.
Merseytravel chairman Cllr Mark Dowd said after the meeting: “It’s the third time this has happened in 21 years and the other two times it was down to lubricant. It won’t happen in the future but it shouldn’t happen in the first place. It’s incompetence at it’s greatest.”
The committee voted to implement the report’s recommendation to draw up three-monthly reports into the lubrication regime on the lines.
A NR spokesperson said: “Network Rail has worked closely with Merseyrail throughout the investigation into the problems caused on the network and both parties accept the findings of the report and allocation of fault on both sides.
“Many of the report’s recommendations have already been implemented and a joint Network Rail and Merseyrail working group has been established to monitor the situation.”
The report also recommended a train-mounted system to grease track not reached by current methods. | <urn:uuid:33dd717f-16e9-4277-ab8f-dd6d7d34605d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.southportvisiter.co.uk/news/southport-news/reason-behind-rail-commuters-misery-6627859 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00082-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973076 | 517 | 1.6875 | 2 |
|CPDT-KSA Knowledge:||8.00||CBCC-KSA Knowledge:||17.00|
|CPDT-KSA Skills:||0.00||CBCC-KSA Skills:||0.00|
* Courses approved for CBCC-KA CEUs may be applied to a CPDT-KA recertification. Courses approved for CPDT-KA may not be applied to a CBCC-KA recertification.
Susan Garrett’s innovative online training classroom, Recallers, helps dog owners world wide learn science based training techniques through fun games that they can play with their dogs. The Recallers online training program is an interactive online classroom using the latest technology for a seamless learning experience. All lessons are carefully designed for all styles of learning, complete with videos, written material and audio resources. Classrooms are accessible 7 days a week / 365 days a year. Recallers uses this interactive online training classroom to teach science based, choice driven, positive reinforcement training lessons, with the goal of teaching your dog a consistent solid recall amongst all levels of distraction. The core of the recallers program consists of 8 training modules made up of 40 training games. There is an instructional video training lesson, a written instructional training pdf, and printable pocket quick tip training card available for each game. (totaling 8 hours of video lessons). Ongoing training support is available in the online chat and forum areas of the classroom. In addition there are several live online clarification coaching sessions each year and multiple Facebook live sessions to answer student questions. All coaching sessions and Facebook lives are recorded for continued access in the recallers classroom ( currently there is over 17 hours of recorded coaching sessions) The classroom also has an abundance of bonus resources in the form of ebooks and additional webinars on specific topics. Registering in the recallers program allows access to the online classroom and all resources for a full year. The recallers program is a science based training program rich with rewards for both the dogs and the owners, each team learns to communicate and layer their learning in a full reinforcement-based and encouraging learning environment.
Sponsor:Say Yes Dog Training | <urn:uuid:7473d325-0829-43bb-8f09-14cf5021177a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ccpdt.org/certification/continuing-education/events/20697 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.913992 | 508 | 2.09375 | 2 |
With the Rugby world cup in full swing we would like to share a common injury rugby players present to our private physiotherapy, sports therapy and sports massage clinics in Havant and Rowlands Castle with – “Hamstring Strains”
The first thing it would be good to do is to get an assessment by a health professional to make sure it is a hamstring strain and not sciatic neural tension. The reason for this is we see so many people who come to our clinics complaining of tight / painful hamstrings, on assessment the pain is due to sciatica or sciatic nerve tension not a hamstring muscle tear. Treatment for the two problems are totally different.
What is a Hamstring Strain?
It is an injury to the back upper leg muscle in which some of the muscle fibres are torn. It can be a grade one – mild tear, to grade three – rupture (total tear) of the hamstring muscle.
The hamstring muscles are called: semimembranosus, semitendinosus and biceps femoris.
What causes a Hamstring Strain?
- A sudden sprint or explosive movement
- Overstretching when kicking a ball
- Previous hamstring strain
Please be aware of your body and take advice from your GP before exercising or send an email to (firstname.lastname@example.org) for advice and guidance. When exercising do not push into sharp pain.
Single Leg Bridging
Single leg bridging – progress to this once bridging is easy and pain free.
If you have recently injured your hamstring or tore your hamstring a while ago but it doesn’t feel right still, if you are not back to rugby and you want to be able to play again or are not sure what exercises you should be doing then please get in contact with us so we can help you. Email email@example.com, call 07835 712306 or book online. | <urn:uuid:22bb59a4-d55e-40f1-8897-1e781256f694> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://physio-logical.net/ive-pulled-my-hamstring-playing-rugby-what-exercises-can-i-do/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.914367 | 432 | 2.1875 | 2 |
This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers.
The company is a joint venture between India's Hero Group and Honda Motor Company, Japan that began in 1984.Â
In 2001, the company achieved the coveted position of being the largest two-wheeler manufacturing company in India and the 'World No.1' two-wheeler company in terms of unit volume sales in a calendar year by a single company. Hero Honda has retained that coveted position till date.Â
Today, every second motorcycle sold in the country is a Hero Honda bike. Every 30 seconds, someone in India buys Hero Honda's top-selling motorcycle - Splendor.Â
The Hero Honda story began with a simple vision - the vision of a mobile and an empowered India, powered by Hero Honda. This vision was driven by Hero Honda's commitment to customer, quality and excellence, and while doing so, maintaining the highest standards of ethics and societal responsibilities. Hero Honda believes that the fastest way to turn that dream into a reality is by remaining focused on that vision.
In the 1980's Hero Honda pioneered the introduction of fuel-efficient, environment friendly four-stroke motorcycles in the country. Today, Hero Honda continues to be technology pioneer. It became the first company to launch the Fuel Injection (FI) technology in Indian motorcycles, with the launch of the Glamour FI in June 2006.
The company has been continuously investing in brand building utilizing not only the new product launch and new campaign launch opportunities but also through innovative marketing initiatives revolving around cricket, entertainment and ground- level activation.Â
Hero Honda has been actively promoting various sports such as hockey, cricket and golf. Hero Honda was the title sponsor of the Hero Honda FIH Hockey World Cup that was played in Delhi during Feb-March 2010. Hero Honda also partners the Commonwealth Games Delhi 2010.Â
What is Lean Production system?
The lean systems are an operations system that basically maximizes the value added by each of a company's activities by pairing unnecessary resources and delay from them. Basically lean system includes the company's operations strategy, process design, quality management, constraint management, layout design, supply chain design, technology and inventory management and can be used by the both service and manufacturing firms. Like a manufacturer, each of the service business firm first take the order from the customers, then deliver the services and at last collect the revenue from their customers. Every service company purchases services or items, receives and pays for them, and hires and pays employees. The same activity can be held in a manufacturing firm. They also contain a large amount of waste.
Lean systems affect a firm's internal linkages between its core and supporting processes and its external linkages with its customers and supplier. The using of the lean system is very important for the various department and functional area across the organisation. The system is used in the all functional department of the organisation like, marketing, human resource, engineering, operations, and accounts as well. The top management must embrace the lean philosophy and make it a part of organisational culture and learning.
Q1. Critically evaluate the use of lean production and/or lean services in your chosen
Organisation (10 marks)
Hero Honda® production system:-
Now at present time Hero Honda® is the king of the road from 1983 in India. Hero Honda target young generation as well as the old generation by providing the variety of product and service. Than some issues have been occurred that is management errors, competition and recession. The company was rescued by a sympathetic investor and a well-operated version of Lean Manufacturing system. In 1983 had an 80% market share but this dropped about 53% 20 years later? In the period of recession in 2003 the sales reduced nation-wide as well as Hero Honda market shares also reduced. Than the CEO Brijmohan Lall convinced lenders to restructure their plan strategy. That is based on the "Japanese management principals" who affect mainly the Hero Honda production system or the lean manufacturing system. After reducing tariff the large number of imported motorcycles has done a dramatically changes in their share price. The plan was becomes successful. In between 1983 and 2007 the company had increased inventory turns from 5 to 20, reduced inventory by 75%, reduced scrap by 68%, and reduced manufacturing space requirements by 25%. In the same manner the improvements were made to the marketing and product development sides of the company.
Hero Honda®, Inc. employs about 23,000 people in India. In the improvement process it is very critical to process the employee involvement. It required an ultimate, unique and trusting relationship with the union. The union always viewed management as a partner and it the management responsibility that they tried to "in-source" as much work as possible to help improve worker employment potential which is really proved them by the company management team. In Hero Honda the workers always responded by embracing and owning quality and continuous improvement.
Material forecasting and replenishment:-
Hero Honda® used material replenishment and forecasting used to reorder regularly stocked their products. It contains evaluation of a need for material or components, communication of the requirements of the supplier, and fulfilment of the required by the supplier.
Evaluation of the just- in- time (JIT) Production system in Hero Honda®:-
The term just- in- time (JIT) is used to refer to an operation system in which materials are moved through the system and services are delivered with precise timing so that they are delivered each step of the process just as they are needed. A highly coordinated, repetitive manufacturing or service system designed to produce a high volume of output very few resources than more traditional repetitive system, but with the ability to accommodate more variety than traditional system. The lean operations basically high quality processes in particular place. Quality is the internal part of the lean operations; without the quality lean operations can't exist in any organisation. The JIT basic approaches to manufacturing planning, control and the material requirement planning (MRP). JIT operates on a "pull", or demand basis whereby work is pulled from each step in process to the next step when next step has a demand for it, rather than pushed on to the next step when the work is completed at the present step.
The building blocks of the JIT system in Hero Honda are as follows:-
Highly capable production system with quality built in.
Small lot sizes.
Setup time reduction.
A balanced system.
A little inventory system.
Fail safe methods.
3. Personnel /organisational elements:-
Workers as assets.
Cross trained workers.
Leadership/ project management.
4. Manufacturing planning and control:-
a) Level loading.
b) Pull system.
c) Visual system.
d) Limited work in progress.
e) Close vendor relationship.
f) Reduced transaction processing.
g) Preventing maintenance and housekeeping
Q2. Discuss and recommend how waste is/can be managed along your chosen organisations
Value chain (20 marks)
According to the JIT there are the six types of the wastes in Hero Honda which are as follows:-
Waste from overproduction.
Waste of waiting time.
Waste of motion.
Waste of underutilized people.
Recommendation to manage the waste
Waste from Defects
The simplest form of waste is components or products that do not meet the specification. In this form of waste Hero Honda need to assign inspection team at the end of each process in their supply chain to ensure the quality of product because by doing this Hero Honda can decrease the level of waste from defects in their production house which make a product near to perfection.
Waste from Over-Production
A key element of JIT was making only the quantity required of any component or product. This challenged the Western premise of the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) which was built on acceptance of fixed ordering costs, built around set-up times, and thus the need to spread these fixed costs over large batches.
Waste of Waiting Time
Time not being used effectively is a waste - we are incurring the cost of wages and all the fixed costs of rent, rates, lighting and heating so we should use every minute of every day productively. In this waste Hero Honda need to assign a person who can monitor the action in production house and need to insure that everyone is working and need to fill up the Gap which make the waiting line in the supply chain. Thus we have learnt about preventive maintenance and the creation of flow through our factories with the emphasis on tact time, the rate at which a component or product moves to the next stage.
Items being moved incur a cost, if it is only the energy needed to initiate the movement - such as the electricity absorbed by a fork lift truck. Of course, movement brings another cost, which is less visible but more significant. In this type of waste a manger or a supervisor need to check that the Transportation process is flowing smoothly or not in supply chain and need to fill the linkage/ gap which create the transportation process slow like assigning of next available driver if the main driver is unable to run the truck due to any reason.
On a related note, people spending time moving around the plant is equally wasteful. The time a machine operator or fitter wastes walking to the tool room or the stores for a fixture or a component could be far better utilised if our plant layout and housekeeping were geared around having everything that is required close to hand.
Inappropriate Processing Waste
The most obvious example of inappropriate processing from my own experience relates to surface finishes that required components to be moved to grinders for completion, when in fact such finishes served no purpose. A basic principle of the TPS is doing only what is appropriate.
The element that Western industry immediately focused upon when confronted with JIT was the cost reduction available from holding less inventory. We now know that stock hides problems and that problems are pearls in that finding a problem is a good thing - now we can solve it, which we couldn't until it came to light! So manager need to check the Inventory level on regular basis which make a company to held inventory at right level which satisfied the customer demand level.
H) Waste of underutilized people
This type of waste can cause reduce the speed to supply chain, company provides wages to their employee to work at their best and in this case a manager need to check his team effort level and if he find any employee is unable to perform certain work within the desired time, he need to assign to that place where he can perform well, like a employee is taking so much time to process one work in manufacturing ground , here a manger need to assign him to that place where he can perform well. Manager can take certain action here like he can trained that employee which help him to perform well or motivate him so that he can perform well.
Q 3 Evaluate the impact that your recommendation will have on your organisation's resources,
and justify how your recommendation will ensure increased competitiveness, long term
sustainability and corporate social responsibility (30 marks)
Hero Honda Group operates a just-in-time which works to achieve the goals of eliminating the wastes and to solve the related problems through the supply chain system. Some people think that JIT is the system of reducing the inventory wastes. The main goal of the JIT in Hero Honda® is to maintain a supply chain excellence.
After operating the JIT system in Hero Honda it place a great impact on the supplier section process so that they are able to produce the right product, at right quantity and quality mainly when they needed , and in the same manner that Hero Honda® requires them to be delivered. Hero Honda® and their suppliers simplify and standardize their products as more as possible. And they become successful in the products and process utilized to manufacturing the products. The focus of the Hero Honda® JIT environment provides a supply chain that is really useful to minimizing the wastes, increases flexibility, reduce inventory and also to minimizes the overall lead time for the material replacements. Hero Honda® generates its material for Original Equipment's parts which is using the Master Production Schedule (MPS) which is used to produce by the Operations Planning Department in connecting with information provided by Marketing, Manufacturing, Finance, and Purchasing. The Master Production Schedule also plan for the plants internal capacity with external sales demand while producing products that assist us in meeting Hero Honda financial goals.
Results of Hero Honda's JIT implementation:
Inventory levels decreased 75%.
Total unit sales of 46, 00,130 two-wheelers, growth of 23.6 per cent.
Total net operating income of Rs. 15860.51 Crores, growth of 28.1 per cent.
Net profit after tax at Rs. 2231.83 Crores, growth of 74.1 per cent.
Final dividend of 1500% or Rs. 30 per share on face value of each share of Rs. 2.
EBIDTA margin for the year 17.4Â per cent.
EPS of Rs. 111.77, growth of 74.1Â per cent.
Recommendation will ensure increased competitiveness, long term sustainability and corporate social responsibility.
Reduced Setup Times: All setup practices are wasteful because they add no value and they tie up labour and equipment. By forming procedures, using carts, and training workers to do their own setups, Hero Honda managed to slash setup times from months to hours and sometimes even minutes.
Small-Lot Production: Producing things in large batches results in huge setup costs, high capital cost of high-speed dedicated machinery, larger inventories, extended lead times, and larger defect costs. Because Hero Honda has found the way to make setups short and inexpensive, it became possible for them to economically produce a variety of things in small quantities.
Employee Involvement and Empowerment: Hero Honda organized their workers by forming team and gave them the responsibility and training to do many specialized tasks. Teams are also given responsibility for housekeeping and minor equipment repair. Each team has a leader who also works as one of them on the line.
Quality at the Source: To eliminate product defects, they must be discovered and corrected as soon as possible. Since workers are at the best position to discover a defect and to immediately fix it, they are assigned this responsibility. If a defect cannot be readily fixed, any worker can halt the entire line by pulling a cord (called Jidoka).
Equipment Maintenance: Hero Honda operators are assigned primary responsibility for basic maintenance since they are in the best position to defect signs of malfunctions. Maintenance specialists diagnose and fix only complex problems, improve the performance of equipment, and train workers in maintenance.
Pull Production: To reduce inventory holding costs and lead times, Hero Honda developed the pull production method wherein the quantity of work performed at each stage of the process is dictated solely by demand for materials from the immediate next stage. The Kamban scheme coordinates the flow of small containers of materials between stages. This is where the term Just-in-Time (JIT) originated.
Supplier Involvement: Hero Honda treats its suppliers as partners, as integral elements of Hero Honda Production System. Suppliers are trained in ways to reduce setup times, inventories, defects, machine breakdowns etc., and take responsibility to deliver their best possible parts.
Lean methods are applicable not only in production, but also in service-oriented industry and service environment. Every system contains waste, i.e. something that does not deliver value to your customer. Whether you are producing a product, processing a material, or providing a service, there are elements which are considered 'waste'. The techniques for analysing systems, identifying and reducing waste, and focusing on the customer are applicable in any system, and in any industry.
Only executives who have a direct involvement with finding, keeping, or growing customers as well as key support staff - accountants, tax, legal and human resources people - should stay. Others can be rehabilitated by sending to an operating unit.
PEST analysis for Hero Honda
Potential impact on business
Unstable condition of the middle-east and the political instability including the Indian war with Pakistan, china and Bangladesh war
Upwards of 8 million automobile have been recalled in the India, amid reports of Hero Honda's vehicles accelerating rapidly.
The Indian government bring Hero Honda into trial over the issue which may effect on Hero Honda's brand image.
The Indian government's stakes in Yamaha and TVS may influence the investigation and discriminate against its direct competitor.
Potential impact on business
Steep increase in crude oil price.
Global demand has exceeded global oil production. India growing at 8-10% annually have put a huge demand on oil in the global market keeping prices steady.
The price of gasoline, driven by supply concerns and increasing demand will serve to increase the attractiveness of vehicle options like plug in Electronic Bike that are less dependent on gasoline.
Governmental tax increases and tax credits on gasoline will increase the desirability of plug in Electronic Bikes
Potential impact on business
The development of ethnic markets can be relevant. In a number of countries, the ethnic mix of consumers is changing due to immigration and other factors.
The result of an increased number of women working over the past decades.
This will be reflected in changing demands for various goods, not only from the specific ethnic group but from other consumers whose tastes have been affected by them. Furthermore, as ethnic groups immigrate to other countries, their own tastes can affect those of consumers in the host nation.
This has been elevated household incomes, allowing for more frequent purchases of new vehicles.
Potential impact on business
Technological breakthroughs related to components and systems.
Development of leading-edge components and systems ahead of competitors.
4. Using Porter's value chain as a template, create a framework that will assist a newly
employed first-line manager in your organisation with the following:
a. Identify the types wastes in both primary and support processes
b. The 'danger signals' of each waste
c. How to respond to the 'danger signals'
Main Features of Porter's Five Forces Analysis
The original competitive forces model, as suggested by Porter, identified five forces which would impact on an company's behavior in a competitive market. These include the following:
The rivalry between existing sellers in the market.
The power exerted by the customers in the market.
The impact of the suppliers on the sellers.
The potential threat of new sellers entering the market.
The threat of substitute products becoming available in the market.
The ten guiding principle of lean manufacturing can be précised:
1. Eliminate waste
2. Minimize inventory
3. Maximize flow
4. Pull production from customer demand
5. Meet customer requirements
6. Do it right the first time
7. Empower workers
8. Design for rapid changeover
9. Partner with suppliers
10. Create a culture of continuous improvement (Kaizen)
The unique Hero Honda management system was contributed by upper management , who also developed the Hero Honda Production System . The Upper management summed up the theory behind the management of Hero Honda as, 'work' refers to the production of perfect goods only. If a machine is not producing perfect goods, it is not 'working'."
Hero Honda's Competitive Advantage
Hero Honda's competitive advantage is based on a corporate philosophy known as the Hero Honda production system. The system depends in part on a human resources management strategy that stimulates employee creativity and loyalty but also on a highly effective network of suppliers and components manufacturers.
CSR Policy- Contribution towards Sustainable Development
CSR Policy: Contribution towards Sustainable Development (adopted in 2003 and revised in 2008) explains how Hero Honda adapts the Guiding Principles with regards to social responsibilities to stakeholders. HERO HONDA MOTOR'S and their subsidiaries, take initiative to contribute to harmonious and sustainable development of society and the earth through all business activities that carry out in each country and region, based on Guiding Principles. Hero Honda complies with local and national laws and regulations as well as the spirit thereof and conducts business operations with honesty and integrity. In order to contribute to sustainable development, Hero Honda believe that management interacting with its stakeholders is of considerable importance, and Hero Honda will Endeavour to build and maintain sound relationships with stakeholders through open and fair communication. Hero Honda expects business partners to support this initiative and act in accordance with it.
The lean and TPS does work in Hero Honda since many years which make it the India's best seller company. Hero Honda has an operating model for their business and everyone in the company knows about it. As long as they stick with their plan Hero Honda managed a very strong quality system.
There are some potential drawbacks of lean manufacturing. Delays in deliveries of stock when using just in time system can effect the next stage. Adhering to quality standards can take extra time and people which all add costs to businesses. However, if managed carefully ,the benefits of adopting a lean methodology to production for outweigh the drawbacks.
PORTER's ValueChain Template
Firm infrastructure -general management, legal, finance, planning management and accounting.
Type of wastes
How to respond to danger signal
Average delivery time
Ask for reason
If continuous repeated source take raw material from another supplier.
Not full finished
Consistent improvement in technology used in printing, manufacturing and finishing goods
Not full utilisation of manpower
Lack of knowledge
Proper training to new as well as existing employees for firm growth perspective.
Continuous improvement in IT infrastructure
The main goal of the JIT is to achieve a balanced, smooth flow of production. Supporting goals include eliminating disruptions to the systems, making the system flexible, and eliminating the waste. Lean system requires the elimination of sources of potential disruption to the even flow of work. High quality is essential because problems with the quality can be disrupting the process. Quick low cost setups, special layouts, allowing work to be pulled through the system rather than pushed through, a spirit of cooperation are important tools of the lean systems.
The benefits of the JIT/lean systems are reduced inventory levels, high quality, and flexibility, reduced lead times, increased productivity and equipment utilization, reduced amount of scrap and rework, and reduced space requirements.
Careful planning and much effort are needed to achieve smoothly functioning systems in which all resources needed for the production come together at precisely the right time throughout the process. Raw material and purchased parts must be arrived when needed. Teamwork and cooperation are always the important tools at all the levels, as are problem solving ability of workers and attitudes of continuous improvements. | <urn:uuid:5af97f80-d2a8-4ef3-9e0d-0a9a82725356> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.ukessays.com/essays/business/hero-honda-motors-the-worlds-major-manufacturer-of-two-wheelers-business-essay.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00035-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947233 | 4,667 | 1.921875 | 2 |
ERIC Number: ED246808
Record Type: Non-Journal
Publication Date: 1982
Reference Count: N/A
The Utility of HEGIS Finance Data: A Researcher's Perspective. Working Paper Series.
Factors that affect the utility of financial data collected through the Higher Education General Information Surveys (HEGIS) are examined. Attention is also directed to the process associated with the collection and use of that data; roles and responsibilities of various parties to that process, with a focus on researchers' roles; and possible future steps to improve the usefulness of these data. The following factors are identified as affecting the utility of HEGIS finance data: quality of the data, relevance of the data for decision-making, accessibility of the data, timeliness of the data, and cost-effectiveness of the data. Specific recommendations to improve the utility of HEGIS finance data are offered for provider institutions, the data collector institution, researcher, and users. The recommendations pertain to data collection design, data collection, editing, release, analysis, and use, are presented in detailed tabular form. (SW)
Descriptors: Data Collection, Databases, Educational Finance, Financial Support, Higher Education, Improvement Programs, Information Sources, Information Utilization, National Surveys, Reliability, Researchers, Statistical Analysis, User Satisfaction (Information)
National Center for Higher Education Management Systems, P.O. Drawer P, Boulder, Co 80302 ($3.00).
Publication Type: Reports - Descriptive
Education Level: N/A
Sponsor: National Inst. of Education (ED), Washington, DC. Educational Policy and Organization Program.
Authoring Institution: National Center for Higher Education Management Systems, Boulder, CO. | <urn:uuid:df506996-5d31-44ce-b98e-6dfc34992e5d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED246808 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00129-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.842528 | 364 | 1.554688 | 2 |
As the US federal government sidled up to the debt ceiling earlier this week without quite running into it, one of the key arguments in favor of raising the debt ceiling was that it is immoral to breach a contract. The federal government has creditors, both from whom it has borrowed money and to whom it has promised transfer payments, and it has an obligation to fulfill those promises.
As Joe Carter argued here, “Member of Congress who are refusing to raise the debt ceiling (or raise taxes) until their ancillary demands are met are acting immorally, since they are refusing to pay the debts they themselves authorized.”
But as Connie Cass writes, the idea that the United States has never defaulted isn’t quite true. As she writes,
America has briefly stiffed some of its creditors on at least two occasions.
Once, the young nation had a dramatic excuse: The Treasury was empty, the White House and Capitol were charred ruins, even the troops fighting the War of 1812 weren’t getting paid.
A second time, in 1979, was a back-office glitch that ended up costing taxpayers billions of dollars. The Treasury Department blamed the mishap on a crush of paperwork partly caused by lawmakers who — this will sound familiar — bickered too long before raising the nation’s debt limit.
So if it is immoral to default, then America has done so at least twice. | <urn:uuid:fd89ccbc-20d5-47b6-a80b-e1d043686ed2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blog.acton.org/archives/date/2013/page/49 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00180-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973177 | 292 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Risk Management (JAKARTA)
Jakarta, 3 November 2015 – 5 November 2015
Including : Souvenir, Flash disk, materi hand-out dan CD modul, 2x coffee break, makan siang dan sertifikat
The phrase Risk Management used to refer to insurance purchasing on behalf of a corporation. Over the past two decades, the term has come to be associated with financial engineering and derivatives on stock market.
After several spectacular failures by firms and individuals using derivatives, academics and practitioners have renewed their focus on risk management as a corporate decision making process.
The course describes and considers the essential, underlying theory and concepts in risk management that should inform the design and operation of efficient and effective risk management processes.
This then leads to an understanding of how risks change for different organizations and how they respond. Through the use of analysis of corporate governance styles and the over-riding culture of a firm, this will lead a thorough understanding of the complex strategy making process and the relationships between corporate governance, management practice, moral/ethical considerations and risk management outcomes.
The training participants will study the formal risk management requirements as expressed by various rule-based and principles-based corporate governance frameworks and contrast these with alternative ways of construing strategy formation in organizations.
In particular, the training shall describe further to consider the potential interaction between formal planned and controlled processes with responsive initiatives where strategy emerges, while a strong emphasis on critical overview of the implementation of risk management responses, within an organizational setting.
In particular the module of this course will provide a thorough introduction to a range of risk management tools, techniques, systems and processes for managing organizational risk. Participants will be enhanced with practical case studies as related risk management strategy and governance.
The goal of this course is to study the management of risks in a corporation with its all operational impacts. Participants shall benefits from this risk management comprehensive course as with the followings:
- Learn a risk management as a process that can be applied to a variety of risks entails to any types of organization, in parallel gaining a through understanding upon the inherent impacts
- Develop an understanding of what risk is, how it can be measured and transferred, why individuals care about risk, and why corporations care about risk. Further result participants shall have shrewdness in identifying analyzing inherent risks within the organization business processes, while consequently having the capability to define and implement risk management strategy and solutions
- Apply the risk management process to two major areas of concern for corporations: liability risk and financial risk, in some detail, and capable of designing the structure of risk governance in the organization
- By the completion of the course the participants should have a good conceptual framework for analyzing risk and making decisions in a corporate setting, and in relation to good corporate governance by considering; risk management strategy, internal control strategy, and corporate governance principles
- Participants shall have the capability in designing and implementing risk management programs within their organizations within the direction to develop “Risk Management Culture”
Top Management – in order to get a sufficient understanding and make an informed decision on the implementation of corporate risk governance
All Levels of Management – in order to understand the implications of risk management on the company, and in order to easily meet the Good Corporate Governance (GCG) requirements for the organization
Risk Management and Risk Governance Representative (and others involved in the implementation of risk management and risk governance strategies) – in order to gain an overview of the good risk governance requirements and how to integrate into organization’s business strategy
Duration : 3 Days
Course Contents and Descriptions
Directions for risk management development.
Possibilities in six dimensions – what, when, why, whichway, who, and wherewithal.
Definitions of risk, threat, opportunity and uncertainty distinguished; relationship with performance objectives, implications for uncertainty management. Risk management, opportunity management and uncertainty management compared.
Objectives for risk management applications.
Distinguishing benefits and objectives for risk management. Objectives for process, application, performance and strategic capability; links between these objectives. Planning the scope and purpose of a risk management application.
Building capability in risk management.
Assessing risk management capability (benchmarking, risk maturity). Descriptors of capability: focus of attention,range of application contexts, nature and quality of risk management processes. Facilitators of risk management capability: scope of supporting risk management nfrastructure, supporting organisational capabilities, organisation learning, organization culture, human resource capability.
How risk management functions are positioned within organizations; reporting lines; CRO function; Terms of Reference for risk/audit and other teams. Understanding how all aspects of risk are managed in organisations – risk committees, risk roundtables. How corporate governance requirements motivate directors towards risk management. Role of shareholders in influencing risk management. Importance of risk reporting, internally up through and across organisations and externally to stakeholders.
Study different approaches to risk analysis and risk management:
• A multinational finance perspective.
• An international business perspective.
• An integrative risk management perspective.
• A strategic exposure perspective.
Risk management frameworks.
Strategic flexibility and real options perspectives in strategic decision making.
Strategic management and risk management – a closer look.
Strategic response capabilities and responsive organizations
Structured approaches to managing risk.
To explain the business benefits associated with adopting a proactive and structured approach to managing organization risks. To explore how an organization implementing an enterprise-wide approachto managing risk needs to adopt a range of techniques to address specific risks. To identify the consequences of not managing risks successfully through case studies of the impact of significant organisational threats and the failure to seize significant business opportunities.
Risk management strategies.
To identify a range of potential strategies for managing risk including resilience, flexibility, robustness and controls. To critically evaluate the benefits and limitations of each alternative strategy. To understand where regulatory pressures (such as Basel II, Solvency II, Sarbanes Oxley etc) impose constraints on an organization in terms of the approaches available.
To explain the fundamental purpose of internal controls
and how a sound system is established. Determine how controls provide reasonable assurance regarding the effectiveness of organizational operations, procedures and compliance with external regulatory requirements.
Hierarchy of risk responses.
To outline a range of potential risk responses and explain why these fit into a natural hierarchy. To explore how there may not be a single possible response to a specific risk and how risk responses need to be tailored to each risk issue.
Eliminate and control risk.
To explain how strategies associated with eliminating risk at source are implemented by reference to concepts such as ‘Inherent Safety’ and learning from other organizations, mistakes. To explain how strategies associated with modifying the probably of occurrence of outcomes are developed by reference to a range of approaches including:
- Risk control as applied to property loss control, fire safety and physical security.
- Health, safety and environmental management.
- Financial fraud risk management.
- IT security risk management.
- Portfolio management of opportunities (private equity portfolios, pharmaceutical
product pipelines).To explain how strategies associated with modifying the consequences of an eventshould it occur are developed by reference to a range of approaches including:
- Crisis management and communication.
- Business Continuity Management.
To explain how strategies associated with transferring the consequences of events are developed by reference to a range of approaches including:
- Contractual risk transfer.
- Outsourcing of services.
- Securitisation and catastrophe bonds.
- Derivatives and treasury risk management solutions.
- Blended solutions such as risk retention and Alternative Risk Financing (ARF).To briefly review the mechanisms of application as well as the strengths and limitations of each.
Managing uncertainty and capturing opportunities.To explain how strategies associated with developing resilient and flexible organizations are developed by reference to a range of approaches including information system networks. To explain how strategies associated with seeking out risk are developed in particularly with reference to deriving business benefit and opportunities from operating with high levels of risk. Consider issues such as:
• Managing organizational change.
• Corporate social responsibility.
• Evaluating merger and acquisition opportunities
Risk management decisions.
To explain how to evaluate a range of potential risk responses techniques. To understand how an organization managing a range of enterprise risks needs to adopt techniques capable of facilitating management decision making when resources available to manage risks are finite.
Risk management programs.
To explain how the range of risk responses reviewed to date can be brought together within an overall risk management program. To identify the different elements of a risk management system (Policy, Objectives, Roles and Responsibilities, Risk Assessment, Risk Controls, Monitoring, Auditing and Reporting) and how these are implemented in practice. To explore how an organization can implement risk management program. To identify ways of sustaining the development of a risk management program over time including techniques such as Continuity Improvement.
Risk management culture.
To explore the cultural aspects of implementing a risk management programme including how to select approaches that are appropriate to a particular organization’s culture. To understand how to translate a risk management Policy and Strategy into a series of medium term (3-5 year) risk management Objectives and hence implement a risk management Improvement Program. To understand what can happen if a risk management program is not adapted to an organization’s culture. To explore how to manage and monitor a risk management improvement program across a large or complex organization. To understand the need to develop and embed risk management skills and understanding in the organization to support the implementation of a risk management program. To introduce the concept of a ‘learning organization’. To explore the value of monitoring and auditing program progress as a way of evaluating the effectiveness of risk responses and encouraging continuous improvement
Case Studies Exercises
During the course, several case studies/exercises are introduced. Participants will have an opportunity to apply their expertise, in the context of the course material on risk management and risk governance
Trainer : Dr. Ir. Fauzi Hasan, MM, MBA
Dr. Fauzi Hasan Pada saat ini adalah President American Academy untuk Chapter Indonesia yang melingkupi American Academy of Project Management dan American Academy of Finance Management yang berpusasat di Colorado Spring, Colorado USA.
Pengalaman Dr. Fauzi Hasan diperkaya dengan keterlibatannya pada beberapa proyek terkait Business Process Modeling dan Improvement yang selaras dengan standard dan metodologi CMMI (Capability Maturity Model and Integration), dimana dalam akhir dekade ini banyak membantu organisasi Pemerintah dan Bank dalam membangun dan mengimplementasi Crisis Management Strategy seperti pembuatan BCP (Business Continuity Plan) dan DRP (Disaster Recovery Plan).
Dr. Fauzi Hasan telah memberikan kontribusi langsung untuk penyelesaian dan keberhasilan penerapan Frameworks dan Best Practices seperti: ITIL, COBIT, PMBOK, Prince2, TOGAF, ISO 20000, ISO 27000, ISO 38500, COSO dan yang lain diberbagai bidang industri. Sebagai seorang profesioal yang kompeten di bidang teknologi informasi, manajemen proyek dan proses bisnis ini dibuktikan dengan dimilikinya sejumlah sertifikat Internasional terkait tata kelola teknologi informasi dan industri (IT and Industrial Goverannce).
Dr. Fauzi Hasan dalam karirnya sebagai executive telah bekerja di beberapa perusahaan lokal maupun internasional seperti: Philips Netherlands, Sony , Warner Lambert, Singapore Technology Logistics, Hewlett-Packard, EMTEK Group, Intergraph, Jatis eCom-Sumitomo Group, dan ERESHA Group.
Investasi : Rp 5.000.000,- termasuk ( Souvenir, Flash disk, materi hand-out dan CD modul, 2x coffee break, makan siang dan sertifikat )
Tempat : Hotel Harris Tebet, Jl. Dr. Sahardjo No. 191 – Jakarta Selatan | <urn:uuid:e0c077bc-0e9a-47c0-81d0-a7433b505da3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.informasi-seminar.com/risk-management-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00265-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.843478 | 2,593 | 1.90625 | 2 |
The Supreme Court ruled Tuesday that President Trump has the authority to ban travelers from certain majority-Muslim countries if he thinks it is necessary to protect the United States, a victory in what has been a priority since Trump’s first weeks in office and a major affirmation of presidential power.
The president reacted on Twitter: “SUPREME COURT UPHOLDS TRUMP TRAVEL BAN. Wow!”
Later, the White House issued a formal response that also took a swipe at Trump’s declared enemies. It called the ruling a “vindication following months of hysterical commentary from the media and Democratic politicians who refuse to do what it takes to secure our border and our country.”
Lower courts had struck down each of the three iterations of the president’s travel ban, the first of which was issued in January 2017. But the administration said it fortified the order in response to each judicial setback, and it had reason to be optimistic about the Supreme Court, since the justices previously decided to let the ban go into effect while considering the challenges to it.
The ruling was one of a string of 5-to-4 decisions this term in which the justices on the right reasserted themselves, after the addition of Trump-nominated Justice Neil M. Gorsuch last year restored a conservative majority.
The campaign of Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.), who for 10 months kept the Republican-controlled Senate from voting on President Barack Obama’s nominee to the court after the death of Justice Antonin Scalia in 2016, celebrated by posting a picture on Twitter.
It was of him shaking hands with Gorsuch.
The current ban, issued last fall, barred various travelers from eight countries, six of them with Muslim majorities. They are Syria, Libya, Iran, Yemen, Chad, Somalia, North Korea and Venezuela. Restrictions on North Korea and Venezuela were not part of the challenge. Chad was later removed from the list.
Roberts tried to play down the political aspects of the case, writing that the proclamation that led to the ban “is squarely within the scope of Presidential authority” and noting that its text does not mention religion.
His opinion gave a short history of Trump’s comments about Muslims, starting with a campaign pledge for a “total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States until our country’s representatives can figure out what is going on.” The pledge remained on the campaign website after Trump became president.
And other tweets and statements followed.
“But the issue before us is not whether to denounce the statements,” Roberts wrote. “It is instead the significance of those statements in reviewing a Presidential directive, neutral on its face, addressing a matter within the core of executive responsibility. In doing so, we must consider not only the statements of a particular President, but also the authority of the Presidency itself.”
He added: “We express no view on the soundness of the policy.”
Justice Sonia Sotomayor wrote a stinging rebuttal, joined by Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg. And she read part of it in a dramatic moment on the bench.
Sotomayor noted the campaign statements and anti-Muslim videos and comments the president shared on Twitter, including one titled “Muslim Destroys a Statue of Virgin Mary!”
“Take a brief moment and let the gravity of those statements sink in,” she said.
“And then remember,” Sotomayor added, that the statements and tweets were spoken or written “by the current president of the United States.”
Sotomayor repeatedly called out Trump by name in her lengthy statement and said the majority’s decision “repeats tragic mistakes of the past” and “tells members of minority religions” in the United States that “they are outsiders.”
The court, she wrote, was “blindly accepting the Government’s misguided invitation to sanction a discriminatory policy.”
In her passionate dissent, Sotomayor compared the decision to Korematsu v. United States, in which the Supreme Court in 1944 upheld the detention of Japanese Americans during World War II. Both rulings, she said, will be considered historic mistakes.
Roberts objected. “Whatever rhetorical advantage the dissent may see in doing so, Korematsu has nothing to do with this case,” he wrote, adding that “it is wholly inapt to liken that morally repugnant order to a facially neutral policy denying certain foreign nationals the privilege of admission.”
But he said the reference did give the court a chance to make official something it never had before: “Korematsu was gravely wrong the day it was decided, has been overruled in the court of history, and — to be clear — has no place in law under the Constitution.”
Justices Stephen G. Breyer and Elena Kagan also dissented, in an opinion with less-explosive language.
Breyer said it was not clear that an important part of the order — its “elaborate system of exemptions and waivers” for refugees, asylum seekers, students and others — was working. “While more than 15,000 Syrian refugees arrived in the United States in 2016, only 13 have arrived since January 2018,” he wrote.
Breyer thought the case should be sent back to a lower court for an examination of that issue. But without that, he said, he would, “on balance, find the evidence of antireligious bias . . . a sufficient basis to set the Proclamation aside.”
Neal Katyal, the Washington lawyer who argued the case for Hawaii and other challengers, expressed disappointment at the ruling and called on Congress to step in.
“We continue to believe, as do four dissenting justices, that the travel ban is unconstitutional, unprecedented, unnecessary and un-American,” he said in a statement. “. . . The travel ban is atrocious policy, and makes us less safe and undermines our American ideals. Now that the Court has upheld it, it is up to Congress to do its job and reverse President Trump’s unilateral and unwise travel ban.”
The administration said the third edition of the ban responded to the judicial criticisms of the first two and was a result of a “worldwide review of the processes for vetting aliens seeking entry from abroad.”
But a unanimous ruling from a three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit said that the third version of the travel ban suffered from the deficiencies of the first two — that Trump had again exceeded his lawful authority and that he had not made a legally sufficient finding that entry of those blocked would be “detrimental to the interests of the United States.”
The U.S. Court of Appeals for the 4th Circuit in Richmond struck down the ban on the constitutional question. The 9-to-4 decision took a deep dive into Trump’s statements and tweets, and concluded that the proclamation, like the first two, was motivated not by national security concerns but by antipathy toward Muslims.
Even the Supreme Court dissents did not make much of a claim that Trump lacked the statutory authority to bar the entry of those the administration had reason to believe could harm the country.
And Roberts rejected the notion that the court was prohibited from examining the reasoning for the president’s actions on immigration matters.
But Sotomayor said the majority failed by not finding that the policy was inspired by “animosity toward a disfavored group.”
“Our Constitution demands, and our country deserves, a Judiciary willing to hold the coordinate branches to account when they defy our most sacred legal commitments,” she wrote. “Because the Court’s decision today has failed in that respect, with profound regret, I dissent.”
Roberts seemed careful not to tie the court to Trump’s remarks.
“The President of the United States possesses an extraordinary power to speak to his fellow citizens and on their behalf,” he wrote, and was almost wistful in remembering presidents — he named George Washington, Dwight D. Eisenhower and George W. Bush — who “used that power to espouse the principles of religious freedom and tolerance.”
Justice Anthony M. Kennedy made a similar point in a concurring opinion.
“The very fact that an official may have broad discretion, discretion free from judicial scrutiny, makes it all the more imperative for him or her to adhere to the Constitution and to its meaning and its promise,” he wrote.
The case is Trump v. Hawaii. | <urn:uuid:b49daaee-974a-4ffc-94c1-bdaf3fcc247c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/courts_law/supreme-court-upholds-trump-travel-ban/2018/06/26/b79cb09a-7943-11e8-80be-6d32e182a3bc_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.bf2752a5b170 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.966153 | 1,820 | 1.765625 | 2 |
This study has 7 sessions, incorporating an introductory session and 6 lessons. The study set includes the StudyGuide by Clifford M. Yeary and a commentary, “Psalms for All Seasons” (revised in 2013), by John F. Craghan (Liturgical Press). Note that the Psalms I study and the Psalm II study use the same commentary. Those planning to do both studies should only order study sets for one of the studies, and only order the study guide for the subsequent study. It is recommended that Psalms I be studied prior to Psalms II.
John F. Craghan is professor emeritus of religious studies at St. Norbert College in De Pere, Wisconsin. He is North American editor for 'Scripture in Church' (Dominican Publications: Dublin, Ireland) and is the author of numerous books, including And the Life of the World to Come and The Gospels of the Weekday Lectionary, both from Liturgical Press. Craghan has lectured widely in the United States and Latin America. His chief interest is to make the best of biblical scholarship accessible to a wider audience.
The Book of the Psalms is a unique collection of the song-prayers of Israel. To study Psalms is to study prayer, ultimately to enter into prayer. The study will challenge participants to reflect on their own prayer and life experiences. Psalms II focuses on a selection of twenty-eight psalms divided into three categories:
- Royal Psalms
- Psalms of Lament
- Psalms of Declarative Praise
The royal psalms reflect the belief in ancient Israel that the king was “anointed” by God (i.e. a messiah) to be “the instrument of God's concern for the people” (from the commentary, p. 79). Psalms of lament express the sorrow of the soul in distress and of the individual's and the community's need to turn to God in order to be healed or rescued. Psalms of declarative praise are prayers of thanksgiving that praise God for rescue or healing from dire situations.
Weekly LessonsOnly one Answer Guide is needed per smallgroup facilitator. Order all Study Sets for participants separately, as well as one set of the Wrap-Up-Lectures.
Lesson 1—Pss 132, 2, 110, 101
Lesson 2—Pss 72, 45, 20
Lesson 3—Pss 3, 22, 39, 42-43, 51
Lesson 4—Pss 69, 44, 58, 85, 90
Lesson5—Pss 30, 40, 73, 92, 118
Lesson 6—Pss 103, 116, 138, 124, 107 | <urn:uuid:641dc2aa-d178-4e33-8651-0284185cfacc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.garrattpublishing.com.au/product/9780814636640/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.917772 | 572 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Edible Glass Hearts and Other Lessons About Valentine’s Day
Making edible glass hearts is the topic of the newest SciShow Kids video. The video then describes why isomalt is utilized to make edible glass hearts (melting point) and how it can be done at house with the guidance of a moms and dad.
Why Do We Love? The lesson will not offer you with any clear answers, however it will make you believe.
Valentines Day is this coming Sunday. Shes really delighted about Valentines Day as is her little sis. As I compose this theyre making Valentines Day cookies (with supervision).
The following fun video, likewise from Its Okay to Smart, tries to use mathematics to identify the odds of a 25 year old lady finding love in New York. (Remember, the video is simply for enjoyable).
If youre wanting to work a little Valentines Day themed activity into your middle school or high school classes in the next couple of days, here are three great videos to think about seeing.
Shes really excited about Valentines Day as is her little sibling. As I compose this theyre making Valentines Day cookies (with supervision).
The following video from Its Okay To Be Smart (produced by PBS Digital Studios) explains why humans kiss, the history of symbols associated with kissing, and some cultural views of kissing. When I saw this video I instantly thought of my friends who teach middle school and high school health classes. | <urn:uuid:77830bcd-4c18-4da6-b1d9-4dde308174df> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.onlinelearninghq.com/edible-glass-hearts-and-other-lessons-about-valentines-day-103/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.93364 | 300 | 2.625 | 3 |
Developing: Justice Antonin Scalia appeared to side with Arizona in March oral arguments on the state’s proof-of-citizenship requirement for voter registration.
But Scalia wrote the majority opinion (PDF) on Monday striking down the state requirement. Scalia said Arizona law conflicts with a federal “motor voter” law that doesn’t require proof of citizenship. Instead, the federal law says, those signing the form need only swear that they are citizens.
Scalia’s opinion said states weren’t entirely hamstrung, however. They may still reject would-be voters based on information establishing they are ineligible. Also, they may ask the U.S. Election Assistance Commission to alter the federal form to include information they need to determine eligibility. If the commission rejects a request, the states may appeal. In the case before the court, Arizona wasn’t able to persuade the commission to change the form, but it may still appeal, Scalia said.
In oral arguments, Scalia had suggested that it would be fine for a state to ensure the integrity of its voting system when the federal form is lacking. “When the commission fails to do what enables the state to assess qualifications, the state will do it,” he said. “No problemo.”. . . | <urn:uuid:80b20c3c-6cb9-4e1f-bb8b-95da197cb436> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nationalreview.com/feed/351247/justice-scalia-now-rino-greg-pollowitz | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00188-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942678 | 271 | 1.734375 | 2 |
All over the country, 50 million public school students will head back to school this week. And so today, we’re starting a week-long special look into the state of education in America in 2011. Today, we're talking about shrinking school budgets. State budgets have been feeling the squeeze since 2008, and with stimulus money running out, this is the year when schools are really having to tighten their belts. Later this week, we'll talk about the No Child Left Behind Act's looming deadlines, which require that by 2014, 100 percent of students will test at grade level in reading and math.
We're speaking with Michael Rebell, executive director of the Campaign for Educational Equity at Teacher's College. | <urn:uuid:ed2fc0a8-e8de-4cb4-8871-57519960eae2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.wnyc.org/story/155324-education-week-schools-feeling-budget-squeeze/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00087-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966916 | 143 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Understanding Taxes, Surcharges and Fees
In addition to the monthly service charges billed for SpeedWise Services, surcharges, taxes, fees and other charges may be applied to your monthly invoice based on the type of service you have and your geographical location, among other factors. Certain taxes, fees or surcharges may show up as separate line items on your invoice. Taxes, fees and surcharges shown during the signup process or on Bill Cycle to Date summaries represent estimated taxes only. Final taxes, fees and surcharges will be calculated when an invoice is processed and may vary due to changes in usage, tax rates or other factors. Examples of taxes, fees or surcharges include, but are not limited to the following.
Federal Taxes and Surcharges
Federal Universal Service Fund (FUSF). The Telecommunications Act of 1996 requires SpeedWise Computer Repair and Support Services LLC (“SpeedWise”) to contribute to the Federal Universal Service Fund (“FUSF”). The FUSF helps to make phone service affordable and available to all Americans, including consumers with low incomes; those living in areas where the cost of providing telephone service is high; public schools and libraries; and rural healthcare providers. The Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) delegates the administration of the FUSF to the Universal Service Administrative Company (“USAC”). Each quarter, the FCC adopts a “contribution factor”for FUSF support. The contribution factor is a percentage of the total interstate and international end-user telecommunications and Interconnected VoIP (“I-VoIP”) revenue that each carrier is responsible for contributing to the FUSF. As permitted by FCC regulations, SpeedWise has opted to bill the FUSF surcharge as a separate line item to end-user customers. Consistent with such regulations, SpeedWise only bills FUSF line item charges in an amount equal to the quarterly contribution factor currently in effect multiplied by the invoiced amount subject to the FUSF. This is a permissible pass-through surcharge but is not a tax or charge mandated by the government.
Please visit USAC’s Website for more information on the FUSF.
State & Local Taxes and Surcharges
State and Local Regulatory Surcharges
State Universal Service Fund (USF). SpeedWise may also be required to contribute to State Universal Service Funds (“SUSF”). The funds may be used to assist in providing universal service and to support a variety of other programs at the state level. SpeedWise may collect applicable charges from its end-user customers. These charges are permissible pass-through surcharges but are not taxes or charges mandated by the government.
Telecommunications Relay Services Fund. Some states also require contributions to State Telecommunications Relay Services (“TRS”) Funds to offset the cost of providing local transmission services that provide hearing or speech challenged individuals with the ability to use certain communications services. Many states require SpeedWise to remit this fee to the governing authority. SpeedWise may collect applicable fees from customers and remit them to the relevant authorities.
988. Effective January 1, 2022, the enterprise shall impose a 988 surcharge on service users in an amount to be established annually by the enterprise, in collaboration with the public utilities commission but not to exceed 30 cents per month per phone line. The act requires each service supplier to collect the surcharge from its service users and remit the collected surcharges to the commission on a monthly basis. The state treasurer shall credit the surcharge collections to the 988 surcharge cash fund.
State and Local Sales and Use Tax
All states, with limited exceptions, impose some form of state-level sales and use tax. The sales and use tax is generally imposed on the sale or use of tangible personal property and certain services. These taxes are intended to be passed on to the end user/consumer.
In many states, local jurisdictions also impose a sales or use tax. In some instances, the local sales and use tax is administered by the local jurisdiction. In other instances, the state administers the local sales and use tax. Certain exemptions apply for sales for resale, and sales to certain types of entities (e.g., the federal government, state and local governments, non-profit entities, etc.).
SpeedWise collects sales and/or use taxes as required by state and/or local law.
Communications Services Tax
Some state and local jurisdictions impose communications specific taxes on communications services in addition to or in lieu of sales or use tax. The communications services tax is intended to be passed on to the end user/consumer. The rates for communications services taxes are usually different than the sales and use tax rates and vary by jurisdiction. Certain exemptions apply for sales for resale, and sales to certain types of entities (e.g., the federal government, state and local governments, non-profit entities, etc.).
SpeedWise collects communications services taxes as required by applicable state and/or local law.
Gross Receipts Taxes
A number of states impose a gross receipts tax on communications service providers. In some states, gross receipts taxes are intended to be passed on to the end user/consumer. In other states, the gross receipts tax is the responsibility of the seller, and there is no pass-through to the end user. Certain exemptions may exist for gross receipts taxes that are intended to be passed on to the customer, based on the type of entity making the purchase (e.g., the federal government, state and local governments, non-profit entities, etc.).
SpeedWise pays gross receipts taxes, and may collect them from customers when required (or permitted) by applicable state and/or local law.
Local Utility Taxes
Local utility taxes are imposed by cities and counties in a select number of states. Certain exemptions apply for sales for resale, and sales to certain types of entities (e.g., the federal government, state and local governments, non-profit entities, etc.).
SpeedWise pays local utility taxes, and collects them from customers when required (or permitted) by applicable state and/or local law.
Local License Taxes
Local license taxes are imposed by cities and counties in a limited number of states. Certain exemptions apply for sales for resale, and sales to certain types of entities (e.g., the federal government, state and local governments, non-profit entities, etc.).
SpeedWise pays local license taxes, and may collect them from customers when required (or permitted) by applicable state and/or local law.
In order to fund the provision of 911 emergency telephone service, state and local jurisdictions impose E911 fees on certain communications services. These fees are sometimes administered by the state department of revenue, but the majority of E911 fees are assessed and administered by local jurisdictions. E911 fees are intended to be passed on to the customer on the invoice. Sales for resale are generally exempt from E911 fees. Non-profit organizations are generally subject to E911 fees, whereas they might be exempt from taxes or other fees.
SpeedWise collects E911 fees from customers when required by applicable state and/or local law.
Cost Recovery Fee (CRF). A Cost Recovery Fee (“CRF”) equal to 5% of invoiced charges (excluding taxes) will apply to services subject to direct regulation by the FCC. This charge is imposed to recover costs incurred by SpeedWise for fees, contributions and/or charges associated with telecommunications services for the sight and hearing impaired, local number portability, North American Numbering Plan administration, and administrative costs, fees and expenditures related to compliance with Federal regulatory programs and annual FCC regulatory fee obligations, along with other carrier and administrative expenses (including, but not limited to, costs imposed upon SpeedWise by its suppliers).
This is a permissible fee but is not a tax or charge mandated by the government. For more information on programs supported by the CRF, please see below.
Federal Telecommunications Relay Services (TRS) Fund. The TRS Fund was established by the FCC in 1993 to reimburse TRS providers for the cost of providing interstate TRS services. TRS services are telephone transmission services that provide hearing or speech challenged individuals with the ability to use a traditional telephone.Under the FCC’s rules, SpeedWise must contribute a percentage of its interstate and international end-user communications revenues to the TRS Fund. The contribution percentage varies annually.
Local Number Portability Administration (LNPA). Local Number Portability (“LNP”) is a customer’s ability to keep existing phone numbers when switching to another service provider. SpeedWise must provide LNP, as well as contribute to the FCC’s LNPA program, designed to diffuse the costs of administering LNP. SpeedWise pays a proportionate share of the LNP costs in each region in which it operates and has customers. This fee varies frequently by region.
North American Numbering Program Administration (NANPA). The North American Numbering Plan (“NANP”) is an integrated telephone numbering plan for the Public Switched Telephone Network (“PSTN”) serving multiple countries including the United States and its territories. It is administered by the North American Numbering Plan Administration (“NANPA”).
Under the FCC’s rules, SpeedWise must contribute to the costs of numbering administration. Contributions are based on a percentage of SpeedWise’s revenues from customers using international, intrastate and interstate communications services. The percentage varies annually.
Annual Regulatory Fee. SpeedWise, as an interstate service provider, must pay an annual regulatory fee to the FCC.
This fee varies annually.
This information is subject to change without notice. The information contained herein is intended only for SpeedWise customers or their authorized representatives. Any unauthorized disclosure, copying, or distribution of this document, its contents, or any attachment is strictly prohibited. This document is intended for informational purposes only and not promised or guaranteed to be current, complete, or up-to-date and should be in no way be taken as an indication of future results. This document is not intended to provide legal advice. | <urn:uuid:491aeafd-ad65-4c98-a128-2020e474b009> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://speedwise.net/taxes-surcharges-fees/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.922578 | 2,153 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Nickel (Ni) is a metal widely used in nature. Nickel is essential for the catalytic activity of certain plant and bacterial enzymes but its role in humans has not been clarified. Elemental nickel may be necessary for life at very low concentrations and is essentially non-toxic.
Nickel is commonly used in industry (glassware, ceramics, paints, oil refining, plastics, batteries, catalysts, etc.). Nickel carbonyl Ni (CO) 4, is one of the most toxic chemicals for humans. Nickel carbonyl is absorbed upon inhalation, readily crosses all biological membranes and inhibits the activity of the ATPase and RNA polymerase enzymes. When nickel carbonyl is inhaled, it binds strongly to hemoglobin and thus oxygen cannot be transported. Nickel carbonyl affinity for hemoglobin is higher than that of carbon monoxide. Its binding to hemoglobin is the main transport mechanism of Ni (CO) 4 throughout the body.
An increase in nickel in the blood has been observed in patients undergoing dialysis. Inhalation of high nickel powder has been associated with the development of respiratory tract neoplasms and sinuses. Most nickel reactions are localized skin sensitivity and allergic skin reactions when in contact with nickel-containing alloys. However, these reactions are not correlated with the concentration of the metal in the blood.
How can one determine if one has been exposed to nickel?
We can measure nickel levels in blood and most biological materials.
Determination of metals is done by ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma Mass Spectrometry), a method that enables the simultaneous detection of many metals. Its sensitivity and accuracy are significantly better than conventional atomic absorption, with the ability to measure metals at concentrations up to 1 in 1015 (1 in 1 quadrillion, ppq)!
Laboratory test results are the most important parameter for the diagnosis and monitoring of all pathological conditions. 70%-80% of diagnostic decisions are based on laboratory tests. Correct interpretation of laboratory results allows a doctor to distinguish "healthy" from "diseased".
Laboratory test results should not be interpreted from the numerical result of a single analysis. Test results should be interpreted in relation to each individual case and family history, clinical findings and the results of other laboratory tests and information. Your personal physician should explain the importance of your test results.
At Diagnostiki Athinon we answer any questions you may have about the test you perform in our laboratory and we contact your doctor to get the best possible medical care. | <urn:uuid:1b1dd9f8-b3ed-471e-90ed-c90fd8e5b52d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eshop.athenslab.gr/en/diagnostic-tests/nickel-ni-serum-355 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.923034 | 530 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Is anxiety affecting your work, home life or social activities?
Have you heard of Pyroluria, pyrrole disorder or kryptopyrroles and the link in anxiety?
Are you looking for Natural treatment options? Just want to feel better?
Overcome your challenges for good and get in touch for a real natural solution which is much better than a band-aid treatment.
Anxiety is defined as ‘unfounded symptoms of fear, anxiety and panic’. The condition may affect people’s ability to socialise which may result in excessive consumption of alcohol, or not going to public events or at worst extreme becoming home bound.
Acute anxiety may be associated with: racing mind, tachycardia, palpitations, sweating, dizziness, muscle spasm, insomnia, nausea/vomiting, air hunger, feeling disconnected to people and surroundings. Neurotransmitter testing is often used in combination with other herbs and nutrients to assist with both depression and anxiety.
Anxiety can be a useful and it is a normal reaction to danger because it is a protective mechanism. However excessive amounts or over-reactions lead to problems and indicates an anxiety disorder because it is disproportionate to the stimuli.
Naturopathy can be very effective for the treatment of anxiety because it blends multiple modalities to tackle the condition. The following points are helpful to get started with anxiety-
You do not have to have these feelings of anxiety in your day! A treatment of herbal tonics, nutritional support and emotional support can greatly improve the success of treatment of anxiety and help you get back to the optimal you. Contact the clinic now to discuss your health needs.
The following nutritional supplements and herbal remedies are often prescribed in anxiety. Only some of these recommended for each patient and there is never a generic prescription as the patient is always an individual.
There can be multiple ways to describe differences in you body which contribute to a predisposition to anxiety. In a sense, they all point to a similar theme of increased gastrointestinal food sensitivities, reduced mineral status and some gene mutations. One investigative test which can be used to show changes is the pyroluria.
The pyroluria test shows changes in copper, zinc, molybdenum and iron status. It also involves vitamin B6 changes. For more information, you can read about it here. | <urn:uuid:beebf1e3-1306-41a0-8270-e67ff3bc150a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.curamedicine.com.au/conditions/mental-health/anxiety/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.930213 | 483 | 2.390625 | 2 |
It’s pretty hard to get together research for a decent blog post during a global pandemic. I’ve got to learn a language, discover a skill, homeschool a child, clean the house, journal, do P.E. with Joe and all that other stuff we can apparently do because we’re in lockdown. If y’all can get on all that, kudos, my lockdown has a lot more Disney+ and a lot less productivity. Whoop whoop. So in the meantime, have some trivia regarding dramatisations of the R.M.S Titanic and stay safe!
In 1886 newspaper editor William Thomas Stead published a short story, ‘How the Mail Steamer Went Down in the Mid-Atlantic by a Survivor’. In it, a mail steamer collides with another ship in the Atlantic but without enough lifeboats to save all the passengers aboard leading to the deaths of seven hundred passengers. In an editorial note, Stead wrote, “This is exactly what might take place and will take place if liners are sent to sea short of boats”.
Stead, a passenger in First Class, died on the Titanic. In A Night to Remember (1958) an actor playing Stead sits in the place of his last sighting, reading the short story.
The first dramatisation of the Titanic came just twenty-nine days after the event itself. The silent film ‘Saved From the Titanic’ premiered in the United States on May 14th 1912, starring Dorothy Gibson, an actress who had actually survived the sinking and produced by her lover Jules Brulatour of the Eclair Film Company. Dorothy played a partially fictional version of herself having written some of the script herself to reflect her experiences and wore the same clothes that she had been saved in. The film would be Gibson’s last as she suffered a mental breakdown during the filming.
Saved From the Titanic was one of three films released about the ship the year that it sank. The other two were the French production La Hantise (October 1912) and the German film In Nacht und Eis (August 1912).
Atlantik (1929) was the first Titanic film to include sound and the first full-length German film ever made. The title came from the titular ship used in the fictionalised dramatisation as the White Star Line refused their permission for the production to use the name ‘Titanic’.
Josef Goebbels produced Titanic (1943) as a Nazi propaganda film, yet it introduced many tropes and themes that would become staples of Titanic dramatisations. It was the first to combine fictional characters with historical events, the first to be called ‘Titanic’, the first to cast certain historical characters in particular roles (i.e. Ismay as arrogant and pompous), the first to highlight the class differences aboard and depict the way in which the steerage passengers were mismanaged, etc.
Although Titanic (1943) was seized by allied forces, much of its footage of the mock-up ship’s external shots were used in later Titanic films.
A Night to Remember (1958) – based on Walter Lord’s book of the same name – is considered the most historically accurate of Titanic dramatisations employed Titanic’s Fourth Officer, Joseph Boxhall, as its technical adviser.
Margaret Brown was never known as ‘Molly Brown’ but went by ‘Maggie’ or ‘Mrs Brown’. The name ‘Molly Brown’ was first used in the Broadway musical ‘The Unsinkable Molly Brown’ in 1960.
In 1976, novelist Clive Cussler published the adventure novel ‘Raise the Titanic’. It was made into a film in 1980 (the last film production regarding the Titanic before the wreck was discovered) and was so poorly received by the public and Cussler that he refused to allow any further movie rights for his novels. (He relented for the making of Sahara in 2005 which he also hated).
The first feature-length Titanic film to be made in colour was the television movie S.O.S Titanic in 1979.
The wreck of the Titanic was not discovered until 1985 where it was revealed that the ship had broken in two. Survivor statements had conflicted on this matter, but it was ruled that the ship had probably sunk intact and as such dramatisations of the Titanic sinking showed the ship going down in one piece.
The television movie Titanic (1996) was rushed through production (to its detriment) so that it would be released before James Cameron’s Titanic (1997) and was the first dramatisation to show the ship breaking in two as it sank.
In Titanic (1997) the scenes set in 1912 have a combined running time of two hours and forty minutes, the time it took for the Titanic to sink, while the collision scene clocks in at thirty-seven seconds, the amount of time the actual collision was thought to have taken.
The budget for Titanic (1943) equalled the cost of building the actual Titanic, while the cost of filming Titanic (1997) exceeded it.
The Legend of the Titanic (1999) was the first animated feature about the Titanic. It was universally criticised for suggesting that nobody perished during the sinking in favour of promoting an anti-whaling storyline. Another animated film Titanic: The Legend Goes On (2000) has several accolades for the worst animated film ever made.
The R.M.S. Queen Mary was used as a stand-in for Titanic during the filming of S.O.S Titanic (1979) and Titanic II (2010). | <urn:uuid:eb450c34-0f80-4ef9-8a68-f8c3b7a3445a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thehistoricalnovel.com/2020/04/07/trivia-of-titanic-proportions/?replytocom=3198 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.973086 | 1,182 | 1.960938 | 2 |
A Companion to Catullus (Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World)
By: Marilyn B. Skinner (editor)Paperback
4 - 6 days availability
In this companion, international scholars provide a comprehensive overview that reflects the most recent trends in Catullan studies. * Explores the work of Catullus, one of the best Roman 'lyric poets' * Provides discussions about production, genre, style, and reception, as well as interpretive essays on key poems and groups of poems * Grounds Catullus in the socio-historical world around him * Chapters challenge received wisdom, present original readings, and suggest new interpretations of biographical evidence
Marilyn B. Skinner is professor of classics at the University of Arizona in Tucson. Her previous publications include Catullus' Passer: The Arrangement of the Book of Polymetric Poems (1981), Catullus in Verona (2003), Vergil, Philodemus, and the Augustans (co-edited, 2004), and Sexuality in Greek and Roman Culture (Blackwell, 2005).
List of Illustrations x Acknowledgments xi Abbreviations xiii Notes on Contributors xx 1 Introduction 1 Marilyn B. Skinner Part I The Text and the Collection 11 2 History and Transmission of the Text 13 J. L. Butrica 3 Authorial Arrangement of the Collection: Debate Past and Present 35 Marilyn B. Skinner Part II Contexts of Production 55 4 The Valerii Catulli of Verona 57 T. P. Wiseman 5 The Contemporary Political Context 72 David Konstan 6 The Intellectual Climate 92 Andrew Feldherr 7 Gender and Masculinity 111 Elizabeth Manwell Part III Influences 129 8 Catullus and Sappho 131 Ellen Greene 9 Catullus and Callimachus 151 Peter E. Knox Part IV Stylistics 173 10 Neoteric Poetics 175 W. R. Johnson 11 Elements of Style in Catullus 190 George A. Sheets 12 Catullus and Elite Republican Social Discourse 212 Brian A. Krostenko Part V Poems and Groups of Poems 233 13 Catullus and the Programmatic Poem: The Origins, Scope, and Utility of a Concept 235 William W. Batstone 14 The Lesbia Poems 254 Julia T. Dyson Hejduk 15 Sexuality and Ritual: Catullus' Wedding Poems 276 Vassiliki Panoussi 16 Catullan Intertextuality: Apollonius and the Allusive Plot of Catullus 64 293 Jeri Blair DeBrohun 17 Poem 68: Love and Death, and the Gifts of Venus and the Muses 314 Elena Theodorakopoulos 18 Social Commentary and Political Invective 333 W. Jeffrey Tatum Part VI Reception 355 19 Catullus and Horace 357 Randall L. B. McNeill 20 Catullus and Vergil 377 Christopher Nappa 21 Catullus and Roman Love Elegy 399 Paul Allen Miller 22 Catullus and Martial 418 Sven Lorenz 23 Catullus in the Renaissance 439 Julia Haig Gaisser 24 The Modern Reception of Catullus 461 Brian Arkins Part VII Pedagogy 479 25 Catullus in the Secondary School Curriculum 481 Ronnie Ancona and Judith P. Hallett 26 Catullus in the College Classroom 503 Daniel H. Garrison Part VIII Translation 521 27 Translating Catullus 523 Elizabeth Vandiver Consolidated Bibliography 542 General Index 568 Index Locorum 585
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WHSmith High Street Limited Greenbridge Road, Swindon, Wiltshire, United Kingdom, SN3 3LD, VAT GB238 5548 36 | <urn:uuid:b40aafcd-1b70-4bb9-89d9-7f90c44548dd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.whsmith.co.uk/products/a-companion-to-catullus-blackwell-companions-to-the-ancient-world/9781444339253 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00400-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.692411 | 827 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Top Five Best Practices for Designing Small Healthcare Spaces
As more healthcare providers seek out leases in retail properties, what design considerations come into play – and is size everything? For part two in our series, we’re taking a closer look at the challenges of meeting the design requirements for first-rate outpatient facilities within the unique surroundings of retail and storefront property.
With the shift away from medical office buildings toward retail, healthcare tenants are looking to minimize higher lease costs by cutting back on space. The oft-repeated corporate adage of doing more with less becomes especially important for these facilities. Healthcare providers also must find ways to assimilate to high-traffic, retail-oriented areas to appeal to and capture needed patient volumes. And when those patients enter the facility, providers need to deliver on the promise of a positive healthcare experience in limited space.
In a consumer-driven marketplace, medical tenants can make savvy and strategic decisions about how they plan and fit out their ambulatory facilities to maximize quality and cost savings. Our top five recommended best practices are:
Maximize staff efficiency
This is just as important in small spaces as it is in large hospitals. Analyze how the staff works. Lay out the space to minimize workflow distances, remembering that personnel costs make up a significant proportion of operational costs. Understand points of movement – where do nurses go to get their supplies? Will patients travel far for diagnostic procedures? How do clerks handle registration and check-out? Being clear on workflow will make the best use of the space.
Utilize circulation space
Circulation space presents a good opportunity within smaller spaces to accommodate additional patient care and work areas. Creating alcoves in hallways to accomplish functions such as registration or queuing can maximize their efficiency and still provide pleasant areas for patients and staff.
Provide flexibility for expansion
Healthcare is always evolving – built-in flexibility and adaptability can address these changes. Allow exam rooms to serve multiple specialties. Strategically locate soft spaces such as office, storage rooms and lounges in areas where they can be repurposed for patient care areas. Plan for how the space could expand next door, but do not locate expensive plumbing-intense spaces such as toilets at ends of hallways that could serve as a connection point.
Take cues from other space types – your local small Starbucks is a start!
Waiting times can be long in medical facilities, and it’s important that the patient and family be given comfortable and practical areas to wait, especially with today’s technology. Small coffee shops and cafés have successfully created such spaces by introducing work tables, lounge seating and designated areas for conversation which can reduce anxiety and can shorten the perceived waiting times.
Introduce soothing and lasting interiors
The ambiance of smaller facilities should help in the healing process, rather than aggravate it. Color palettes from nature have been shown to calm and comfort people. In a small facility, creative use of lighting can also be used to maximize this effect with indirect exposure and natural illumination. Finishes that are easy washable not only provide a cleaner environment, but allow for extra cost savings with a longer lifespan.
By Jose Estevez
Principal, Healthcare Practice | <urn:uuid:0bc2b764-bd9f-4a14-8f16-1270d5710528> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nelsonworldwide.com/in-focus-healthcare-and-real-estate-part-iii/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.93564 | 665 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Posted on 29 Apr 2011 by Daniel
ATV rotates the ISS for Progress docking
A quick note from ESA's Charlotte Beskow, watching today's Progress 42P docking to the ISS:
We are in the control room watching our screens, and on the main screen above us we see the black and white image of the ISS seen through the Progress camera. We can clearly see ATV with its solar arrays facing towards us - showing the classic 'X' configuration. Earlier today, ATV was used to turn the ISS around so that we are now flying at the 'head of the stack' - i.e. the ISS is flying backwards compared with its normal attitude. Docking is planned for 14:29. | <urn:uuid:96ca9b7b-9690-42ef-a886-d9def099f8ed> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blogs.esa.int/orion/2011/04/29/atv-rotates-the-iss-for-progress-docking/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00034-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.929071 | 147 | 2.328125 | 2 |
parole chiave: riscaldamento globale
Skeptics of manmade climate change offer various natural causes to explain why the Earth has warmed 1.4 degrees Fahrenheit since 1880. But can these account for the planet’s rising temperature? Scroll down to see show how much different factors, both natural and industrial, contribute to global warming, based on findings from NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies.
Is It the Earth’s Orbit?
The Earth wobbles on its axis, and its tilt and orbit change over many thousands of years, pushing the climate into and out of ice ages. Yet the influence of orbital changes on the planet’s temperature over 125 years has been negligible.
Is It the Sun?
The sun’s temperature varies over decades and centuries. These changes have had little effect on the Earth’s overall climate.
Is It Volcanoes?
The data suggest no. Human industry emits about 100 times more CO2 than volcanic activity, and eruptions release sulfate chemicals that can actually cool the atmosphere for a year or two.
Is it All Three of These Things Combined?
If it were, then the response to natural factors should match the observed temperature. Adding the natural factors together just doesn’t add up.
So If It’s Not Nature, Is It Deforestation?
Humans have cut, plowed, and paved more than half the Earth’s land surface. Dark forests are yielding to lighter patches, which reflect more sunlight—and have a slight cooling effect.
Or Ozone Pollution?
Natural ozone high in the atmosphere blocks harmful sunlight and cools things slightly. Closer to Earth, ozone is created by pollution and traps heat, making the climate a little bit hotter. What’s the overall effect? Not much.
Or Aerosol Pollution?
Some pollutants cool the atmosphere, like sulfate aerosols from coal-burning. These aerosols offset some of the warming. (Unfortunately, they also cause acid rain.)
No, It Really Is Greenhouse Gases.
Atmospheric CO2 levels are 40 percent higher than they were in 1750. The green line shows the influence of greenhouse gas emissions. It’s no contest. Greenhouse gases warm the atmosphere. Aerosols cool it a little bit. Ozone and land-use changes add and subtract a little. Together they match the observed temperature, particularly since 1950.
Compare and Contrast
Putting the possible natural and human causes of climate change alongside one another makes the dominant role of greenhouse gases even more plainly visible. The only real question is: What are we going to do about it?
Researchers, who study the Earth’s climate, create models to test their assumptions about the causes and trajectory of global warming. Around the world there are 28 or so research groups in more than a dozen countries who have written sixty one climate models. Each takes a slightly different approach to the elements of the climate system, such as ice, oceans, or atmospheric chemistry. The computer model that generated the results for this graphic is called “ModelE2,” and was created by NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), which has been a leader in climate projections for a generation. ModelE2 contains something on the order of 500,000 lines of code, and is run on a supercomputer at the NASA Center for Climate Simulation in Greenbelt, Maryland.
A Global Research Project
GISS produced the results shown here in 2012, as part of its contribution to an international climate-science research initiative called the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase Five. Let’s just call it “Phase-5.”
Phase-5 is designed both to see how well models replicate known climate history and to make projections about where the world’s temperature is headed. Initial results from Phase-5 were used in the 2013 scientific tome published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. There are more than 30 different kinds of experiments included in Phase-5 research.
These tests address questions like, what would happen to the Earth’s temperature if atmospheric carbon dioxide suddenly quadrupled? Or, what would the world’s climate be like through 2300 if we keep burning fossil fuels at the current rate? Phase-5 calls for a suite of “historical” experiments. Research groups were asked to see how well they could reproduce what’s known about the climate from 1850-2005. They were also asked to estimate how the various climate factors—or “forcings”—contribute to those temperatures. That’s why this graphic stops in 2005, even though the GISS observed temperature data is up-to-date. The years 2005-2012 were not a part of the Phase-5 “historical” experiment.
A Word About Temperatures
Climate scientists tend not to report climate results in whole temperatures. Instead, they talk about how the annual temperature departs from an average, or baseline. They call these departures “anomalies.” They do this because temperature anomalies are more consistent in an area than absolute temperatures are. For example, the absolute temperature atop the Empire State Building may be different by several degrees than the absolute temperature at New York’s La Guardia Airport. But the differences from their own averages are likely to be about the same. It means that scientists can get a better idea about temperature with fewer monitoring stations. That’s particularly useful in places where measurement is very difficult (ie, deserts). The simulation results are aligned to the observations using the 1880-1910 average. What’s most important about these temperatures are the trends—the shape and trajectory of the line, and not any single year’s temperature.
What the Lines Show
The black “observed” line is the GISS global land and ocean temperature record, which can be found here. It starts in 1880. The colored temperature lines are the modeled estimates that each climate factor contributes to the overall temperature. Each factor was simulated five times, with different initial conditions; each slide here shows the average of five runs. GISS researchers laid out their historical simulations in detail last year in this article. The modeled years 1850-1879 from the Phase-5 “historical” experiment are not shown because the observed data begins in 1880.
Researchers do not expect their models to reproduce weather events or El Niño phases exactly when they happened in real life. They do expect the models to capture how the whole system behaves over long periods of time. For example, in 1998 there was a powerful El Niño, when the equatorial Pacific Ocean warms ( we’re in another one of that scale now). A simulation wouldn’t necessarily reproduce an El Niño in 1998, but it should produce a realistic number of them over the course of many years. The temperature lines represent the average of the model’s estimates. The uncertainty bands illustrate the outer range of reasonable estimates. In short, the temperature lines in the modeled results might not line up exactly with observations. For any year, 95% of the simulations with that forcing will lie inside the band.
The raw observational and model data can be downloaded here:
Alcune delle foto presenti in questo blog possono essere state prese dal web, pur rispettando la netiquette, citandone ove possibile gli autori e/o le fonti. Se qualcuno desiderasse specificarne l’autore o rimuoverle, può scrivere a firstname.lastname@example.org e provvederemo immediatamente alla correzione dell’articolo
La redazione di OCEAN4FUTURE è composta da collaboratori che lavorano in smart working scelti tra esperti di settore che hanno il compito di redigere e pubblicare gli articoli di non loro produzione personale. I contenuti restano di responsabilità degli autori che sono sempre citati. Eventuali quesiti possono essere inviati alla Redazione che provvederà ad inoltrarli agli Autori. | <urn:uuid:de336ff5-d558-4c87-bb1a-5e309356b8b1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.ocean4future.org/savetheocean/archives/9695 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.892062 | 1,785 | 3.875 | 4 |
Benedict bought $K$ identical power eggs from Dropeggs.com, and now he wants to test them by dropping them from different floors of his building. His building has $N$ floors numbered $1$ to $N$. $F$ is an unknown number in the range from $0$ to $N$, inclusive. Each egg will break if dropped from floor $F+1$ or above, but will not break if dropped from floor $F$ or below. Benedict can drop each egg as many times as he wants from any floor until it breaks. He wants to know the minimum number of egg drops necessary to ensure that he can determine $F$.
For example, if there are three floors and Benedict has only one egg, then he has to first throw the egg from the first floor, then from the second floor (if the egg survived), and then from the third floor (if the egg survived). Therefore, three drops are required in the worst case.
The first line contains one number $T$ ($1 \leq T \leq 10\, 000$) which is the number of test cases, followed by $T$ lines. Each of the next $T$ lines contains two numbers: $N$, the number of floors ($1 \leq N \leq 2\, 000\, 000\, 007$) and $K$, the number of eggs ($1 \leq K \leq 32$).
For each of the $T$ lines, print the minimal number of drops required, or if it’s greater than $32$, print the word Impossible. After that many drops, Benedict gets too tired and cannot continue.
|Sample Input 1||Sample Output 1|
4 10 1 100 2 30 30 2000000000 2
10 14 5 Impossible | <urn:uuid:be0e1595-d00c-4221-a978-8c885f028c36> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://open.kattis.com/problems/powereggs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.914393 | 390 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Words nearby helicopter gunship
How to use helicopter gunship in a sentence
Employees strap a device to their heads and power a helicopter drone with their minds.
The whir of the circling NYPD helicopter muffled their chants calling for unity and calling out police brutality.Protesters Demand Justice For Gurley As Gap Grows Between Cops and NYC|M.L. Nestel|December 28, 2014|DAILY BEAST
Du Pont would even fly his wrestlers to tournaments in his Learjet or helicopter.
After our helicopter crashed in the courtyard, Jimbo and I rushed inside the house.
Ten days later, it will start air missions using two airplanes and one helicopter.
"It would have been easier to bring along a helicopter," Wayne said wryly.
"Too bad we couldn't have had that helicopter you were talking about," said Boggs.
I struggled to make my way through it just as the PA underneath the helicopter switched on.Little Brother|Cory Doctorow
And from the helicopter at the White House lawn, where was your first stop by helicopter?
It was approximately forenoon, about 10:45, from the White House lawn, in the President's helicopter. | <urn:uuid:de25d81f-d6d9-4074-b323-96f828747509> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dictionary.com/browse/helicopter-gunship | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.972899 | 255 | 1.84375 | 2 |
|Easily Convert Bitmap Images To Clean Vector Art|
It was a little more than a year ago that a close friend pointed me to Vector Magic. A very short e-mail. The subject was “Have U Seen” and the content was a link to the once existing Vector Magic site at Stanford. My friend knew I had been playing with vector generation/tracing applications for over 15 years. Both of us had yet to find one that provided a tracing quality that actually saved time as compared to hand tracing using the pen tool. When I saw the term “rotational invariance” on the web site I smiled. I then saw the examples and I knew good things were coming.
At first it was only a web application and very limited in the size of the image that could be uploaded and processed. I put together a set of 20 images of all types and uploaded them to the server, one at a time, over and over, making sure to try each of the settings. These were a varied set of bitmap images of flat color logos, line drawings, litho and intaglio prints, photos, watercolors, and oil paintings. All of the vector output that I downloaded was exceptional.
It has changed the way I work and has greatly enlarged the volume of work I am able to do in the same amount of time. Do not let your clients know that you use this, or how much it helps you to respond to their potentially peripetia prone preferences. (Peripetia - noun. A sudden and unexpected change of fortune or reverse of circumstance.)
Using the desktop version of Vector Magic, as well as Photoshop, Illustrator and Fontographer, or their equivalents, this tutorial will show you how to take a scan of an alphabet (a page from a 100-year-old book on font design) and convert it to a usable, if not fully set-up, TrueType font. If you do not have Fontographer, you can still use this procedure to generate vectors from imagery other than letter shapes. The individual letters will still need to be hand kerned at final layout to get optimum results. However, when used for headlines, banners, and short lists, this can be a real time saver and allows access to custom and ancient fonts with reasonable processing and editing time. This tutorial presupposes a familiarity with the computer desktop and basic usage of graphics applications.
It is my hope that you will find this tutorial to be enjoyable and, possibly, informative.
— Howard Penner, Free-Lance Graphicist
This tutorial describes how to create a truetype font from a bitmap image or scan of a printed alphabet of the font.
The source material for this tutorial is an old book of decorative fonts, but it can apply just as easily to any scan or bitmap of a font. This tutorial describes the entire process, from scanning, to vectorizing to creating the font itself.
Unlike our other tutorials on this site, this tutorial is in the form of a PDF document. There are also a several other downloads associated with this tutorial. They are:Download the tutorial (PDF) Download the font (TrueType) Download the raw scan (PNG) | <urn:uuid:b3348268-44cd-4ede-966e-e5b3b5143290> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://vectormagic.com/support/tutorials/fonts | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00347-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947706 | 662 | 1.742188 | 2 |
How You Can Help
What is Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, like all muscular dystrophies, causes weakening of the muscles. DMD is a recessive genetic mutation that occurs on the X chromosome. As a result, it almost exclusively affects boys. Unfortunately for the boys who have been diagnosed with DMD, it is the most severe of all the muscular dystrophies:
- Boys with this disease are diagnosed earlier, usually between 3 and 5 years of age.
- They lose muscle function more quickly, many boys are in wheelchairs by 10-12.
- They die earlier, most boy’s with DMD die in their mid 20’s.
Since Gus’ diagnosis, many well-meaning people have tried to reassure us that they know someone in their 40’s, 50’s or 60’s with muscular dystrophy.
What We’re Funding
At Hope for Gus, we consider ourselves stewards of the money that people donate. We feel incredibly indebted to you, the donor for two reasons:
- We are so appreciative of the fact that you are willing to join us in the fight to save Gus and the tens of thousands of boys like him who are suffereing from DMD.
- We are honored that you have entrusted us with your charity dollar. We will do everything in our power to justify that trust. We take it very seriously because it comes down to saving lives.
We work to leverage every donation through the Duchenne Alliance. For example, if we are funding worthy research, we may challenge other foundations to match our donation, or we may work with others to match theirs. Our goal, of course is to bring promising research to fruition; to bring treatments to our boys. | <urn:uuid:303aaf7a-a294-40ca-9842-925cd82164b1> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://hopeforgus.org/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720972.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00251-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94441 | 379 | 3.078125 | 3 |
In light of the 9/11 anniversary and the recent massacre in Norway, it comes as no surprise that the European Commission has come up with a proposal to combat violent extremism.
The EU has limited scope in questions dealing with justice and home affairs, so you are unlikely to see draconian counterterrorism laws or proposals for European Homeland Security come from Brussels anytime soon.
In fields with minimal say, the EU instead tries to act as a sort of facilitator, creating platforms between various actors. True to form, the EU Commission launched the EU Radicalization Awareness Network today, in the hope of bringing together community leaders, teachers, police, victims, and youth associations from EU member states who will share information and best practices on how to combat violent extremism.
It might seem a puny response to a serious threat, and critics will no doubt wonder what the point of the network is, since it cannot exchange information or create registers of potentially dangerous individuals.
EU Home Affairs Commissioner Cecilia Malmstroem was, however, adamant in pointing out that traditional law-enforcement tools are not enough to counter violent extremism. She promised to back up the project with 8 million euros for the next four years, with an additional 4 million available for projects on preventing radicalization.
She also added that she would dispel the myth that the commission is like a crocodile (big mouth and small ears). The big question is, however, whether listening more and talking less is the best recipe for preventing terrorist attacks in Europe.
-- Rikard Jozwiak | <urn:uuid:d5233c14-e505-45af-8d27-bde1d220cba5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.rferl.org/a/eu_tool_counter_violent_extremism/24323966.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00404-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938128 | 309 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Artist Database >
Bio-bibliographic Database >
- Cascumpec, Prince Edward Island, 1887
- Prince Edward Island, 1986
- Biography synopsis
- Through her photographs of the events and people around her, Mildred Gamble documented Prince Edward Island life between 1905 and 1920. Gamble lived in PEI most of her life, except for the three years she studied nursing in Winnipeg, Manitoba from 1919 - 1922. In order to earn a living Gamble worked as a teacher and nurse. Her images were exhibited publicly only once during her life, in an exhibit in 1982 entitled "Rediscovery: Canadian Women Photographers 1841-1941." Gamble's photographs are held in the collection of the Public Archives and Records Office of Prince Edward Island, the National Gallery of Canada Archives, and Library and Archives Canada. There have been several exhibitions of her work in Prince Edward Island since her death.
- Media used
- File & Archive locations
- National Gallery of Canada, ON - Library and Archives
- Library and Archives Canada / Bibliothèque et Archives Canada, ON
- Public Archives and Records Office of Prince Edward Island
- Canadian Women Artists History Initiative Documentation Centre, QC
- "Obituary for Mildred Gamble." Guardian (Charlottetown) 13 Mar. 1986: 24.
- "Photography Focus of Exhibition." Guardian (Charlottetown) 4 Jan. 2002: C1.
- Jones, Laura. Rediscovery: Canadian Women Photographers 1841-1941, May 13th-June 27th, 1983. London, Ontario: London Regional Art Gallery, 1983.
- Jones, Laura. "Millie Gamble, Prince Edward Island." Canadian Woman Studies / Les cahiers de la femme 2.3 (1980): 25-27.
- MacKay, Mary. "Black and White Images Colour P.E.I.'s Past: New Exhibition of Millie Gamble's Work Provides Pictures of Daily Life on the Island in the Early 1900s." Guardian (Charlottetown) 19 Sept. 1998: 3.
- Merritt, Susan E. Her Story: Women From Canada's Past. St. Catharines, Ontario: Vanwell Publishing, 1993.
- Mullally, Sasha. "Photography" First Hand: Arts, Crafts, and Culture Created by the PEI Women of the 20th Century. The Government of Prince Edward Island, 14 Jan. 2001 | <urn:uuid:7a640329-e0a2-459a-81de-e308a2bc2cd4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://cwahi.concordia.ca/sources/artists/displayArtist.php?ID_artist=5615 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00447-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.851973 | 504 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Electrically Conductive Adhesives Market: Overview
Electrically conductive adhesives are used to join electronic or electrical components. These adhesives not only help complete the circuit but also maintain the conductivity of the circuit. Various types of electrically conductive adhesives include silicon based adhesives, acrylate based adhesives, epoxy based adhesives, and polyurethane based adhesives. The conductive component being used in an electrically conductive adhesive may either be graphite, silver, or copper. A synthetic resin may be used which can be a combination of two substances or a varnish can be used for the proper stickiness of the adhesive. Electrically conductive adhesives possess qualities such as low shrinkage, moisture resistance, and strong bonds primarily due to the presence of filler materials. Fillers used in electrically conductive adhesives include graphite, nickel, copper, and silver.
Electrically conductive adhesives are also capable of blocking the electromagnetic radiations emitted by electronic devices. Hence, these adhesives are used for electromagnetic shielding. Electrically conductive adhesives possess certain superior properties due to which they can be used extensively in PV solar panels, touch panel screens, LED/OLEDs, and various other electronic devices. The usage of electrically conductive adhesives has been increasing significantly in defense and aerospace industries. These adhesives are employed on a large scale in the automotive industry due to the involvement of sophisticated electronic components susceptible to emission of electromagnetic radiations.
Electrically Conductive Adhesives: Market Trends
Demand for electrically conductive adhesives is expected to increase rapidly in the near future owing to the rise in demand for these adhesives in the electronics industry. The usage of technically advanced electronic devices has been rising of late. This, in turn, is boosting the usage of advanced adhesive materials that offer conductivity and strength, and are compatible with electronic circuits so that the conductivity is maintained when connected to an electronic component. Rise in usage of electrically conductive adhesives in electronic circuits is anticipated to drive the global electrically conductive adhesives market during the forecast period.
By using electrically conductive adhesives, one can eliminate the use of secondary grounding solutions such as fasteners and screws.
The practice of disposing electrical and electronic wastes leads to pollution hazards and environmental problems. Governments of various countries have enacted certain regulations in order to lower the issues associated with improper disposal of electronic wastes. The electrically conductive adhesives market is likely to contract gradually owing to the strict implementation of rules and regulations regarding the disposal of these adhesives.
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Electrically Conductive Adhesives Market: Region-wise Outlook
The electrically conductive adhesives market is well developed in Asia Pacific, owing to the presence of large number of electronics companies in countries such as China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. Furthermore, the number of consumers for electrically conductive adhesives is comparatively high in countries such as China and Taiwan. The electrically conductive adhesives market in Europe is anticipated to expand at a sluggish rate due to the current economic problems being faced in the region.
The electrically conductive adhesives market in North America is projected to expand significantly in the near future, led by the rising demand for these adhesives in electronics and automotive industries. Currently, the electrically conductive adhesives market in Latin America and Middle East & Africa is in the development phase. It is likely to expand at a sluggish pace during the forecast period.
Electrically Conductive Adhesives Market: Key Players
Major players operating in the electrically conductive adhesives market include Bacon Adhesives, The 3M Company, Henkel AG & Co. KGaA, H.B. Fuller, Coatex Industries, MG Chemicals, and Panacol-Elosol GmbH.
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Visit Chemicals & Materials Case Study @ https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/casestudies/chemicals-and-materials-case-study | <urn:uuid:3e11e715-225b-4eb8-b660-799357a27cb5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://teletype.in/@pranalit/71t-gCgpM | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.918445 | 932 | 2.84375 | 3 |
by Rita Sofea Warleigh
Service Civil International began in Sydney in 1988. The International Coordinator of SCI wrote a letter to six people in Australia who had workcamp experience, suggesting that they start SCI in Australia.
I had done a workcamp in 1987 in Italy. There I discovered the SCI philosophy and was very inspired. Prompted by the SCI letter, I organised a meeting at Badde Manors Café in Glebe, Sydney, which was attended by Chris Dunstan and Vern Cork. Chris had done workcamps in Russia and Eastern Europe in 1987. Vern had done workcamps ten years previously and been a medium term volunteer for SCI in Bangladesh. For the past ten years Vern had acted as the Australian ‘contact’ for SCI, passing on the address of SCI in the relevant country to anyone who enquired. At this historic meeting, we three agreed to create SCI Australia.
None of us knew how to run an organisation but we were keen. We began communicating with SCI International Secretariat, which was at that time in Bangalore, India. We called our organisation Service Civil International, Australia. We decided from the outset that the organisation would be non-hierarchical, use consensus decision-making, and follow the principles of non-violence in the way we operate. In other words, we committed to learning cooperation and peace-building within the organisation as well as in the work we carried out. On the 6th October the first official records began, with minutes of meetings and financial transactions. We later discovered that one of the six Australians contacted by SCI had run a workcamp some years previously in Australia.
Chris and I organised the first workcamp in the Blue Mountains in December 1988. There were eleven volunteers, nine from overseas and two from Australia, with Chris and I as co-leaders. The main work was bush regeneration at Echo Point, Katoomba and at the Conservation Hut, Wentworth Falls. The volunteers also constructed a children’s playground outside the Women’s Health Centre in Katoomba. An Outreach program with the National Trust provided teachers for a weekend workshop in bush regeneration which was open to the public. This was a way of skilling the volunteers as well as interacting with the locals and publicising SCI.
Accommodation was at a communal property at Bell and transport to and from work was by means of my old Kombi. As we had no funding we charged the volunteers a small amount to participate. At the end of the workcamp we had a small deficit, solved by holding an open-day for the public and asking for donations. At this point, we also decided to begin memberships and established a membership register and bank account.
Straight after the workcamp, I went to Europe on a family matter and while there, I was lucky enough to catch three wonderful SCI events. The first was an international SCI meeting and the second an inspiring SCI seminar in the Netherlands, “Volunteering as a Way of Life”. Then I went to Verdun, France, to take part in the celebration of 70 years of SCI with the opening of the world’s first Peace Museum at the site of the first workcamp. There were SCI activists aged from 18 to 94 at this event, and I felt that I had found my ‘world family’.
In March 1990 we held a workcamp at Cattai State Recreation Area with National Parks and Wildlife Service. We planted two thousand trees under the guidance of Greening Australia. For accommodation we negotiated with the Richmond Army base who sent a team of soldiers to erect two enormous tents within the park. We set up a kitchen in one of the picnic huts with all kitchenware supplied by St Vincent de Paul.
In May, we rented our first office, a tiny space in a large open warehouse in the city, sharing with ten other NGOs including Friends of the Earth, Movement Against Uranium Mining, Black Deaths in Custody and Men Opposed to Patriarchy. From the workcamp in 1990 we gained a new member on the committee, Jane Fisher. Vern Cork had retired from IVP by this time. We began to produce an annual Workcamps Handbook and various newsletters. We also began to process applications from Australians wanting to go to workcamps overseas, setting the application fee at $60, $50 concession, and $40/30 for Australian workcamps. The ‘Flying Penguin’ logo was designed by Amanda Rees.
Another bush regeneration workcamp was held at Cattai in 1992. The same year, the office moved to Rita’s house in Katoomba and Derek Bissell became our Bookkeeper. In May 1992, SCI Australia changed its name to International Volunteers for Peace. We wrote a constitution and became incorporated with the Department of Fair Trading. We began fundraising by organising a concert with the popular gospel choir Café of the Gate of Salvation. The Café supported IVP through such concerts for five or six years. The same year the number of active volunteers had increased to about six and we saw a need to move the office back to Sydney in order to attract more members. We moved to our current address in a building owned by People for Nuclear Disarmament.
In 1993 we had our first workcamp with Push and Power State Wheelchair Games which was run by the Crippled Children’s Association. Volunteers acted as referees and line keepers, as well as some personal care and social interaction. These workcamps, probably more than any others, changed lives and hearts of our volunteers. These workcamps ran for four years and through them began our association with Kinma, an independent school at Terrey Hills which we used for accommodation, training and evaluation before and after the Games. When the State Wheelchair Games ceased, we began holding workcamps at Kinma, doing maintenance on the buildings and grounds. These were eventually moved to take in one week of the school term, so that the volunteers could interact with the children, giving language, cooking and geography lessons.
About this time we made a commitment to working with Aboriginal groups, people and communities. As part of the mandate of IVP is to dismantle racism, we felt that it was important to shine some light on the issues close to home. In 1993 we held our first workcamp taking disadvantaged urban Aboriginal children for a farm holiday at Goulburn Yurtfarm. These continued for several years and developed to later workcamps with Redfern Aboriginal groups and the Waterloo Police and Community Youth Club. In 1995 we held a workcamp at Clairvaux Community Centre, Katoomba and so began our long relationship with Gundungurra Tribal Council.
In 1994 we held our first Workcamp Leader Training and began holding Info-Nights and stalls at universities.
Another workcamp organisation formed in 1996. They were called AVP (Australian Volunteer Projects) and were a breakaway group from CWCA (Christian Work Camps Australia) which collapsed the same year. AVP organised a workcamp at Shalom College, a non-government school for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island students. IVP collaborated by finding and processing volunteers. The following year AVP dissolved in favour of IVP taking over planning and running the Shalom workcamps. These continued with one or two camps every year for 10 years.
In 1997, I was invited to take part in a workcamp in Inner Mongolia and a seminar to set up a new network NVDA (Network for Volunteers in Asia). In 1998 we took on our most political workcamp, supporting the Mirrar people of Kakadu in their efforts to stop expansion of a uranium mine on their land. As you may know, this was a historic victory for the Mirrar, the mine was never opened, the exploratory shafts were filled in and the land regenerated. Several other one-off workcamps were with Ripple Effect, a sustainable energy group in the Blue Mountains, and with Heart Centre, a Buddhist retreat in Berowra, Sydney. In 1999, we held our first workcamp with Landcare in Lithgow and Bathurst and these continued for several years.
We worked hard on getting stories into local papers, but in about 1996 we had an article in Cosmopolitan. The resulting number of enquiries forced us revise our systems. Around this time we acquired our first computer, got an email address and computerised our membership data. In 2001 our website was created. This is now the main source of people finding out about IVP whereas previously it was by word-of-mouth.
2002 was the International Year of Volunteering. For the first time we succeeded in getting a grant of $5000 which paid for some beautiful publicity material. These were a post card through Avant Card, and matching brochures and Workcamps Handbook cover in colour. We were lucky to have a wonderful graphic artist volunteering with us at the time. The photos used were from Shalom Aboriginal College.
Two other important events this year were that we upgraded our status with SCI from Contact to Group and were also declared to be part of the Asian Region of SCI. The second event was that we had outgrown our tiny office, and moved to a bigger room in the same building, acquired several more computers and a network.
Also this year, we were fortunate to have Giovanna and Renzo, two active members of SCI Italy, arrive in Melbourne for a 5-year stay. Giovanna organised a workcamp in Melbourne with CERES for the Return of the Sacred Kingfisher Festival and these ran every year for five years. Through the NVDA network, we were approached by a Japanese tertiary institution and started to organise ‘bi-lateral workcamps’ with NICE Japan. These we ran in conjunction with Gundungurra Tribal Council in Katoomba.
A big boost for IVP came with the employment of a paid administrator for 15 hours a week. This made us much more professional and able to respond to communication efficiently and consistently. We were lucky to have Janet McKay who was not only excellent with administration but was studying Community Development so had a good understanding of the needs of an organisation like IVP. Janet moved on to study music full-time and shortly afterwards, in 2006, IVP suffered a financial downturn that forced us to return to full volunteer operation.
Over the years we have had volunteers come to stay with us for extended periods and these include Olivier and Ysabeau from France, Joachim from Sweden, Alan from WA. Lots of fabulous volunteers have worked in the office, gone on workcamps, and come to our workcamps. | <urn:uuid:4ac020e3-2c9d-4ea5-a272-cdb37918fead> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ivp.org.au/history-of-ivp/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.978687 | 2,203 | 1.75 | 2 |
'Winston': Category 5 cyclone hits the Fiji Islands
UBIMET: Wind gusts above 300 km/h and torrential rain
Vienna, 2/20/16 – Cyclone 'Winston' is currently located in the South Pacific, where it causes severe damages. On Friday, the storm was upgraded to a category 5 cyclone, which is the highest category in the Saffir-Simpson-hurrican-scale. Current weather-models predict that the cyclone will hit the Fiji Islands during the weekend and that it could be the strongest cyclone ever recorded in the southern hemisphere. According to UBIMET, wind gusts will reach more than 300 km/h and torrential rain is likely to occur. One reason for the exceptional strength of the cyclone is the climatic phenomenon El Niño.
On the weekend, 'Winston' will hit the Southern Pacific Fiji Islands as a category 5 cyclone with full force. Already on Saturday (MEZ), he is expected to move across Viti-Levu, the main island of Fiji. The capital city Suva in the Southeast of the island with 85,000 habitants will be directly in the sphere of influence of the cyclone.
Strongest cyclone ever recorded
With an average wind speed of 280 km/h and more and wind gusts over 300 km/h, 'Winston' is probably the strongest cyclone ever recorded in the southern hemisphere. In addition, heavy rain with more than 400 l/m² and a massive storm tide along the southeast coast of Viti-Levu are expected. “With that, enormous storm damages and catastrophic flooding are threatening the island,” says UBIMET meteorologist Josef Lukas.
Four to six cyclones per year
Four to six cyclones occur in average in the South Pacific during the hurricane season from November to April. “In most cases, the cyclones won't reach inhabited areas,” says Lukas. “The major city Suva was influenced only by 12 cyclones who came closer than 160 km to the city since 1972. Most recently, this was the case with cyclone 'Evan' in December 2012.”
'Winston' is turning in the South Pacific since February 10th. It already struck the insular state Tonga two times and destroyed entire areas each time. This week, the cyclone could hit Tonga for the third time and again cause severe damages. “The path of 'Winston' is exceptional,” says Lukas. “The storm lingers in the South Pacific and it is twisting and turning.”
One reason for the extraordinary strong and long-lasting cyclone is probably the climatic phenomenon El Niño. In years with El Niño, the water temperatures in the South Pacific are notably warmer than in common years. “These are the ideal conditions for strong cyclones,” says Lukas. “In addition, the cyclones occur more frequently and it takes more time until they diminish due to the extremely warm seawater and thus higher energy input.” | <urn:uuid:8a92420d-ca54-4b56-9231-c2262c50fb59> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ubimet.com/en_AU/company/press/press-archive-weather/2016/zyklon-winston/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00270-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944334 | 640 | 2.03125 | 2 |
A Little Light Work
The end of the semester at ITP always brings interesting projects I haven’t yet seen, which is one of the things that makes working there so much fun. I am a sucker for good lighting projects, and this year’s class featured some really nice ones. Here are a few from this spring’s crop:
Avery Max’ Neon God is a giant El-wire mirror driven by two Arduino Unos. Here’s a prototype video, and here’s Avery with the final wall. If you like rainbow sparkle psychedelia, you’re gonna love Avery’s work in general.
Sukmo Koo’s Hand in Hand is a lamp that requires friends to join hands in order to light up. In his final presentation at ITP, Koo managed to get the entire room, and his thesis advisor, all joining hands:
Geetha Padapati’s Sunlight as Mediated By an Object is a lightbox driven by a camera focused on the sky above her apartment. UUsing Adafruit’s LDP8806 RGB Lightstrip and an Arduino, she created a beautiful abstraction of the subtle changes in skylight.
Emily Webster’s Cellar Door seeks to liven up the ubiquitous sidewalk cellar doors of Manhattan by lighting them from within. Force sensors beneath a sheet of structural plexiglas are tied to an Arduino that controls the halogen lights that light up the entrance and allow pedestrians to stroll over and peek inside.
The lighting project are only a tiny portion of the great work students did this semester; I’ll hopefully post about a few others in the coming days. Meantime, if you want to see them all, check out the ITP Spring Show 2012 site. | <urn:uuid:54cb57b9-b471-49e1-9a12-1909d6532c90> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.arduino.cc/2012/05/18/a-little-light-work/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.921916 | 376 | 1.609375 | 2 |
I've fallen in love with the idea of building a home from hemp. Growing hemp is a great way to sequester carbon and restore farmland. And hemp homes are comfortable to live in. Hemp walls are highly insulative and behave similar to materials with high thermal mass. The breathable walls also manage humidity efficiently and provide excellent indoor air quality.
We evolved with microbes. And it’s starting to look like we don’t function properly without them. Here's 5 tips to boost your good microbes. 1 Play in the dirt. 2 Grow your own food organically. 3 Buy fruit and vegetables that have been grown on small organic or family farms. 4. Enjoy fermented foods. 5. Repeat.
There's plenty of opportunities to learn skills for sustainable living in the Hunter Valley this month. There's courses in wildcraft, hemp masonry, biodynamics, medicinal herbs, grass identification, and making goats milk soap.
Fermented foods are gaining popularity - and rightly so. Laden with probiotics, beneficial enzymes and vitamins - they are great for our digestion and health. They are also easy to make and extremely frugal. Here's how to make simple sauerkraut.
Somewhere along the line, money took over our lives. The dollar became almighty. And now we’re paying for it. With our happiness, our health, and the environment. But it doesn't have to be this way. We can embrace the gift economy.... | <urn:uuid:d4cbe9ca-1c21-4b80-a0eb-b2f04144dd75> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.littleecofootprints.com/2015/05/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.944409 | 306 | 1.90625 | 2 |
2 edition of Mortuary practice in early Bronze age Anatolia found in the catalog.
Mortuary practice in early Bronze age Anatolia
Bradley Noel Bartel
Written in English
|Statement||by Bradley N. Bartel.|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||331 leaves :|
|Number of Pages||331|
In North Caucasian archaeology the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age, covering the period of the 14th to 4th century BC is one of the most prominent periods of archaeological research. The cultures of this era are predominantly known for their outstanding metallurgy which is shown in the quantity of weapons and adornment of the burials. / Session 3: Southeastern Anatolia: DODD, Lynn Swartz / Chronology and Continuity in the Early Iron Age: The Northeastern Side of the Amanus. / MÜLLER, Uwe / A Change to Continuity: Bronze Age Traditions in Early Iron Age. / SCHACHNER, Andreas / From the Bronze to the Iron Age: Identifying Changes in the Upper Tigris Region. The Case of Giricano.
Equinox has a growing list of books and journals in archaeology and history – including food and culinary history – and we welcome new proposals. To discuss a new book project intended for one of our series, contact the series editor concerned (see links below). From Hittite to Homer This book provides a groundbreaking reassessment of the prehistory of Homeric epic. It argues that in the Early Iron Age bilingual poets transmitted to the Greeks a set of narrative traditions closely related to the one found at Bronze Age Hattusa, the Hittite capital. KeyFile Size: KB.
The Bronze Age came to a close early in the twelfth century b.c. with one of the worst calamities in history: over a period of several decades, destruction descended upon key cities throughout the Eastern Mediterranean, bringing to an end the Levantine, Hittite, Trojan, and Mycenaean kingdoms and plunging some lands into a dark age that would last more than four hundred4/5. View Early Bronze Age in the Southern Levant Research Papers on for free.
Soil survey of Wadena County, Minnesota
Osrac, The self-sufficient
The rise and fall of ancient Egypt
Kierkegaard and the patristic and medieval traditions
To call her mine
Women who win at work
world tea economy
Sermons in stones and in other things
Out and about with Winsor French
Student Guide to the Sat (Scholastic Aptitude Test)
The prehistory of Anatolia stretches from the Paleolithic era through to the appearance of classical civilisation in the middle of the 1st millennium BC. It is generally regarded as being divided into three ages reflecting the dominant materials used for the making of domestic implements and weapons: Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron term Copper Age (Chalcolithic) is used to denote the.
A ground-breaking investigation of burial practices and social transformations in the era when Cypriot agricultural communities moved from village to urban life and became major players in the eastern Mediterranean copper trade.
The author develops an innovative theoretical and methodological approach that enables her to define and elucidate the shifting spatial relationships between tombs and. Citadel and Cemetery in Early Bronze Age Anatolia is the first synthetic and interpretive monograph on the region and time period (ca.
BCE). The book organizes this vast, dense and often obscure archaeological corpus into thematic chapters, and isolates three primary contexts for analysis: the settlements and households of villages 5/5(1).
Citadel and Cemetery in Early Bronze Age Anatolia is the first synthetic and interpretive monograph on the region and time period (ca. BCE). The book organizes this vast, dense and often obscure archaeological corpus into thematic chapters, and isolates three primary contexts for analysis: the settlements and households of villages, the cemeteries of villages, and the monumental.
Mortuary Practices in Early Bronze Age Canaan Article (PDF Available) in Near Eastern Archaeology 65(2) June with Reads How we measure 'reads'Author: David Ilan.
Central to recent research on the development of Early Bronze Age societies in southeast Spain have been the following arguments: (1) the inference of past socio-political relations is not the exclusive outcome of analysis of mortuary rituals, but of a multidimensional study that considers life and death, culture and biology, and the living and.
Author(s): Bartel,Bradley N(Bradley Noel), Title(s): Mortuary practice in early Bronze Age Anatolia: an example of situational explanation/ by Bradley N. Bartel. Citadel and Cemetery in Early Bronze Age Anatolia is the first synthetic and interpretive monograph on the region and time period (ca.
BCE). The book organizes this vast, dense and often obscure archaeological corpus into thematic chapters, and isolates Pages: Citadel and Cemetery in Early Bronze Age Anatolia is the first synthetic and interpretive monograph on the region and time period (ca.
BCE). The book organizes this vast, dense and often obscure archaeological corpus into thematic chapters, and isolates three primary contexts for analysis: the settlements and households of villages, the cemeteries of villages, and the monumental Author: Christoph Bachhuber.
Mortuary Ritual and Society in Bronze Age Cyprus By Priscilla Keswani (Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology). xii +cha tab drawings 5, maps 2. ] EARLY BRONZE AGE BURIAL CUSTOMS IN WESTERN ANATOLIA of the sunrise After the jar was placed in the cutting, the body was contracted on its side on the floor of the inclined burial jar and tomb gifts-jewellery, weapons, tools, figurines and pottery.
Bronze Age in most of Anatolia and the Aegean, but in Cilicia the Middle Bronze Age begins c.2zoo, in Crete MM I begins between 2I00 and and Kiiltepe II, beginning c.2ooo, might perhaps already be considered as Middle, rather than late Early Bronze Age. The Minoan civilization was a Bronze Age Aegean civilization on the island of Crete and other Aegean Islands, flourishing from c.
to c. BC until a late period of decline, finally ending around represents the first advanced civilization in Europe, leaving behind massive building complexes, tools, stunning artwork, writing systems, and a massive network of phical range: Aegean Sea, especially Crete.
The Greek Bronze Age, roughly to BC, witnessed the flourishing of the Minoan and Mycenean civilizations, the earliest expansion of trade in the Aegean and wider Mediterranean Sea, the development of artistic techniques in a variety of media, and the evolution of early Greek religious practices and mythology.
The period also witnessed a violent conflict in Asia Minor between warring. the Early Bronze Age Aegean societies.* introduction Archaeological research from the s through the s in the eastern Aegean Islands and western Ana - tolia has revealed a rich and continuous stratigraphic sequence of the Early Bronze Age (– B.C.E.) at the extensively excavated sites of Troy, Poliochni on.
Participant Abstracts and Bios. Elisabetta Boaretto and Johanna Regev (Weizmann Institute of Science) Title: High Resolution Early Bronze Age C14 Chronology from the Southern Levant: Micro-archaeological Approach for Context Characterization and Archaeological Interpretation Bio: Dr.
Elisabetta Boaretto is a nuclear physicist educated at the University of Padua (Italy) and Israel (PhD from the. The Archaeology of Anatolia: Recent Discoveries () Volume I Edited by Sharon R. Steadman and Gregory McMahon This book first published Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data.
An Early Bronze Age mould and a ‘Near Eastern weight’ from western Anatolia. In T.L. Kienlin and B.W. Roberts (eds), Metal and Societies: Studies in honour of Barbara S. Ottaway. Universitätsforschungen zur Prähistorischen Archäologie. –Cited by: 2. By contrast, this book argues that cultural developments followed a distinctive trajectory in Asia Minor from as early as 9, BC.
Reviews '[This book is] a significant contribution to a much broader effort in the pursuit of a better understood prehistory of Asia Minor Cited by: Hammering was also used for joining in the Early Bronze Age vessels.
Technological Style in Early Bronze Age Anatolia. Ceramic crucibles, which were fundamental to the technology of tin smelting in Early Bronze Age Anatolia, are essentially thick walled open vessels able to withstand heating at very high temperatures. Full text of "THE ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOk of archa book" See other formats.Early Bronze Age men from the vast grasslands of the Eurasian steppe swept into Europe on horseback about years ago--and may have left most women behind.
"Most European men descend from a handful of Bronze Age forefathers." Ross Island: mining, metal and society in early Ireland (Bronze Age Studies 6): The Eastern Mediterranean in the Bronze Age. Author: William A. Parkinson,Michael L. Galaty; Publisher: School for Advanced Research on the ISBN: Category: History Page: View: DOWNLOAD NOW» In current archaeological research the failure to find common ground between world-systems theory believers and their counterParts has resulted in a stagnation of theoretical. | <urn:uuid:4a4762a4-6397-4328-8549-d37a0c37aa65> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gygahytama.fdn2018.com/mortuary-practice-in-early-bronze-age-anatolia-book-9942yv.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.898251 | 2,073 | 2.5 | 2 |
How a Healthy Gut Supports a Healthy Brain PODCAST
In today’s podcast, I talk about…
How the gut health is related to the brain’s health.
How to fight depression.
Let’s talk about mental health.
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Providing expert, personalised, health advice utilising 10 years of nutritional therapy and naturopathy experience with a strong emphasis on digestion and gut health. Zoom or face to face Consultations.
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Helping people live happier, healthier more active lives.
You can contact me here https://www.peytonprinciples.com/contact/
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Subscribe to YT https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCc5UiMfjdSIVCQV5JtMLDZg | <urn:uuid:e48b6241-fc7a-4f01-9ae0-55e031aed49d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.peytonprinciples.com/blog/how-a-healthy-gut-supports-a-healthy-brain/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.792319 | 276 | 1.71875 | 2 |
The Penelakut First Nation accounts for about 13 percent of the Hul'qumi'num population. Historically, Penelakut villages were found on Kuper Island, Galiano Island, and on Vancouver Island near the mouth of the Chemainus River. Today, the Penelakut have reserves on Kuper Island, Tent Island, Galiano Island, and one small reserve on the lower reaches of the Chemainus River.
The term 'Penelakut' is used to refer to all the Hul'qumi'num people who, at one time or another, have lived on Kuper Island. Historically, there were three permanent winter villages on Kuper Island: at Penelakut Spit, Telegraph Harbour, and Lamalchi Bay. There were also villages at Chemainus Harbour and on Galiano Island. Penelakut Spit extends off the northeast end of Kuper Island, and was the site of the largest Hul'qumi'num village on the Gulf Islands. Penelakut comes from the Hul'qumi'num name for this place, penálaxeth', which means 'log buried on the beach' (perhaps a reference to houses being partly buried by sand on the beach). This village had fifteen or more large houses on the beach, located almost at sea level in the area just to the south of the spit. As noted earlier, Indian Land Commissioner Gilbert Malcolm Sproat visited this village in 1877, describing it as looking like "one long house, 3 or 400 yards in length, but in reality it is divided into 15 large compartments" (Sproat 1877).
Telegraph Harbour on the northwest coast of Kuper Island was the site of another Penelakut winter village. The Hul'qumi'num name for this place is yexweló7es, meaning 'place with eagles.' This area had abundant food sources, including beach foods such as clams, cockles, oysters, sea urchins, and crabs (Rozen 1985, 94-95). Today, this is the site of the ferry landing and the Kuper Island Residential School (now abandoned). Rozen (1985, 95-96) reports that the residents at Telegraph Harbour were amalgamated with residents of Penelakut Spit by 1916 for the purposes of administration by Indian Agents and others.
The third winter village on Kuper Island was at Lamalchi Bay, on the southwest coast. 'Lamalchi' is the anglicized version of the Hul'qumi'num name for this place, xwlemálhtse meaning 'lookout place' and residents of this village were referred to as the 'Lamalchis'. According to Rozen (1985, 97), this site has not been occupied since the early part of the 20th Century, when the residents were amalgamated with residents at the Penelakut Spit village.In his book The Terror of the Coast, Chris Arnett (1999) describes the conflict between Lamalchis and the colonial authorities during the 1860s. In pursuit of a number of Lamalchi believed responsible for the murder of two white settlers, the colonial authorities shelled the village and subsequently seized several Lamalchi suspects. These suspects were brought to trial in Victoria, found guilty (in a trial widely regarded as a miscarriage of justice) and promptly executed. In an effort to punish and subdue the Lamalchi, the village was destroyed and in 1864 Sir James Douglas (Governor of the Crown Colony of Vancouver Island) forbade any settlement on this site.
There was a Penelakut winter village at Bare Point, near Chemainus Bay and just south of the town of Chemainus (close to where the Chemainus Sawmill is now situated). This village, called sén'ewináts, probably had four or five houses at one time, but the residents eventually were forced to move to Kuper Island (Rozen 1985, 121). Penelakut elders speak of the residents of this village being forcibly moved to Kuper Island in the early part of the 20th Century. This move remains a sore point in the history of the Penelakut people. Finally, there was a Penelakut village at the Virago Point-Race Point area in Porlier Pass, on the northern tip of Galiano Island (site of the current Indian Reserve, Galiano Island No. 9). This village was named xínepsem (meaning 'caught by the neck' or 'caught in the neck'). This was a small village, with only a few permanent houses, and mostly occupied during summer months for food gathering purposes. As noted earlier, this village was linked to the Cowichan village at Green Point, which has the same name. | <urn:uuid:c3d383bc-e2df-4e23-a738-23a280ab0026> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.hulquminum.bc.ca/hulquminum_people/penelakut | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00042-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972557 | 999 | 3.296875 | 3 |
September 12, 2008
Author Fights to Tell Underdog’s Story
By GARRET MATHEWS Courier & Press staff writer 464-7527 or [email protected]
OAKLAND CITY, Ind. - Regional historian Randy Mills worries sometimes that he lacks the proper countenance to be an effective interviewer of former soldiers and longtime veterans of the working class."I mean, I look too much like an academic. The receding hairline doesn't do me any favors."
The 57-year-old professor at Oakland City University needn't fret. He's penned six books - including three about the military - and has piles of notes in boxes for unfinished projects, including one about an Evansville College professor who lost his job in the late 1940s because he was perceived as a communist sympathizer.
Mills is midway through "As Long as there is Gasoline and Dynamite: The Southwest Indiana Coal Field Wars 1919-1935" that examines early efforts by unions to organize the mines.
The book also has material on a methane gas explosion in Francisco, Ind., in 1926 that killed 37 men, and a 1931 accident at the Little Betty Mine near Linton, Ind., that claimed 29 lives.
"From going over newspaper accounts during that period, it seems that death was something that happened almost daily," Mills says. "You had bad air. You had electrical shorts, and you had explosions from the improper handling of dynamite."
He spoke at last week's Labor Day celebration in Petersburg, Ind.
"I saw older coal miners with tears in their eyes. People don't realize the long struggle that took place to achieve decent pay and a safe work environment. To me, these guys were like members of the military in that they had to fight for their rights."
It wasn't uncommon for the militia to be called out to intervene in disputes between union and nonunion factions. In 1932, approximately 900 armed members of the Indiana Na
tional Guard were dispatched to Vigo County to free 78 miners who were surrounded by several thousand picketers.
"When operators closed mines, you had workers who were literally starving to death. One school principal took his own life, allegedly because he couldn't stand to see the children in his charge like that."
Hotbed of interest
There were no regulatory agencies in those days to require mine operators to provide proper working conditions.
Mills says labor "is a hotbed of academic interest right now. People like the underdog. There are myths about the purity of it all and what good guys they were."
"Writing a book is like running a marathon. You get tired after a while. You wonder how many marathons you have in you."
His other works include, "Unexpected Journey: A Marine Corps Reserve Company in the Korean War,""Honoring Those Who Paid the Price: Forgotten Voices from the Korean War" and "Troubled Hero: A Medal of Honor, Vietnam and the War at Home."
The latter book was about Pfc. Kenneth Kays, a Wayne County, Ill., man who was awarded the Medal of Honor for heroism in Vietnam. The conscientious objector had a troubled life after the war and committed suicide in 1991.
"When people ask why I write so much about the military when I didn't serve myself, I tell them it's out of guilt," Mills says.
He was never a coal miner either.
"One way to look at that is I have a novice approach to those professions. I'm not limited by rules. By being naive on the subjects, I can go places traditional researchers can't. Maybe I don't know as much, but I can use that curiosity to endear myself to them."
Mills grew up in rural Wayne County, Ill. Members of his family were involved in farming and construction.
"Early on, I saw what it was like to work for a living."
Randy Mills has learned that mines in this area often organized before operations in West Virginia and other places in Appalachia.
"I think that's because there was more of a group mentality here, a feeling of collectivism. In West Virginia, the spirit perhaps was more about the power of the individual."
In the book, he writes about two neighbors in Francisco fighting over a disagreement about union activity at an area mine.
The fight resulted in one death and caused long-lasting anger between the two families.
"There's so much to explore in our local history. I'm just scratching the surface."
Randy Mills' military works include:
n "Unexpected Journey: A Marine Corps Reserve Company in the Korean War"
n "Honoring Those Who Paid the Price: Forgotten Voices of the Korean War"
n "Troubled Hero: A Medal of Honor, Vietnam and the War at Home"
(c) 2008 Evansville Courier & Press. Provided by ProQuest LLC. All rights Reserved. | <urn:uuid:528fe6c3-3d1a-4c85-ae13-32445ace96cd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.redorbit.com/news/business/1552556/author_fights_to_tell_underdogs_story/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00178-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.981995 | 1,015 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Stormwater and Standing Water Policy
Urban Northwest Homes follows ALL code requirements, specifically IRC 401.3, regarding keeping your crawl space free of standing water. To this, we create a slight slope away from your home, so surface water is encouraged to flow away from your foundation. Your crawl space also has a “low point” drain that is designed to drain any water that gets into your crawl space, under your vapor barrier, away from your home.
The backfill against your home’s foundation is the base layer, that is native and original to the specific subdivision lot, when the subdivision recorded. Over this, an outsourced layer of top soil has been laid, rich in nutrients, to promote healthy root development and soil maturation, in your lawn and planting bed areas. However, due to the unique local qualities of the soils of the base layer, variations in seasonal sun exposure and rain, shading from adjacent properties, and notable shifts in climate and weather; we do not guarantee your landscaping or lot drainage/infiltration/saturation rates after the closing of your home. Long term, as soils compact, settle, or shift, the vitality of the plantings may change, lawns can, at times of seasonal wet weather or from high amounts of irrigation, be saturated, or elevations in lawns may shift.
The subdivision you live in has very strict stormwater engineering callouts, as well. Please refer to the Clark County GIS: gis.clark.wa.gov/gishome/subdivisions for your specific subdivision engineering “As Builts”. The subdivision engineering is specific to your subdivision and specifically states how ALL stormwater must be managed. Urban Northwest Homes may not alter, tie into, or add to the stormwater engineering in our subdivisions, in any way. We are not allowed to build “French drains”, direct or create concentrated flows of water or manipulate the natural absorption rate of water on your lot, as it relates to the approved engineered stormwater plans, during the construction process. We encourage ALL homeowners to seek out the local codes that relate to stormwater and see how/if a homeowner may address water saturation within their landscaping, on their specific lot.
As always, we are here to assist you. Let us know if you have questions before or after your move, and we can always refer you the best, local landscape professionals. | <urn:uuid:44744799-d2d9-4763-b595-9a467e626328> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.urbannw.com/stormwater-and-standing-water-policy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.93993 | 495 | 1.71875 | 2 |
If you are working in the fields of development or governance it’s highly likely that you’ve come across the term “theory of change” (ToC). At a conference a couple of weeks ago, while answering some questions, I mentioned that I preferred not to use the term. The comment didn’t go unnoticed by some witty observers on Twitter, and I was surprised by the number of people who came to me afterwards asking why I do not “like” theory of change.
I can see why some people are attracted to the term. First, “change” is a powerful word: it even helps win elections. And when it comes to governance issues, the need for change is almost a consensus. Second, the user of the word “theory” gives scientific verve to the conversation. However, the problem is precisely the appropriateness of its use if one thinks of the word in scientific terms. It seems that people are saying “theory” when they actually mean (at best) “hypothesis”.
We don’t have to go very far to find out what scientific theory actually is. Keeping to information that is just a click away, let’s take one of the definitions reproduced in Wikipedia’s entry for “theory”:
A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment. Such fact-supported theories are not “guesses” but reliable accounts of the real world.
A theory is a good theory if it satisfies two requirements: It must accurately describe a large class of observations on the basis of a model that contains only a few arbitrary elements, and it must make definite predictions about the results of future observations.
And here’s a rap video on the difference between theory and hypothesis:
Granted, the word “theory” is often used as a synonym of “hypothesis”, and even dictionaries do so. But the problem of this in the context of current usages of “theory of change” is that it masks the difference between what we know and do not know about something, often conveying a false sense of scientific rigor. And, particularly when it comes to issues such as development and governance, it is extremely important to have a clear distinction between well-substantiated explanations and every other color of hypotheses, assumptions, and guesses. In fact, in any field, it is a minimal requirement for the production of knowledge.
So here’s an interesting exercise. Search on the web for the use of “theory of change” combined with terms like “accountability” and “open government.” Find, for yourself, which ones are really “theories of change” or, rather, merely “hunches of change.”
Most likely, people will keep using theory of change indiscriminately until the next flavor of the moment comes up. In the meantime, beware. | <urn:uuid:32f205e6-ba23-4b2f-8a10-631bd6ba8937> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://democracyspot.net/2014/02/08/the-problem-with-theory-of-change/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00341-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956569 | 651 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Forty percent of US consumers are more likely to consider doing business with a company that takes a stand against racial injustice, according to a poll by Kantar, the research firm.
Tiffany Lever, head/client success at Kantar Marketplace, discussed a survey of 945 adults conducted by the company in order to understand how consumers perceive the ways that brands are responding to racism.
“We saw that 40% of consumers say they’re more likely to consider a company that takes a stance,” she said. (For more, read WARC’s in-depth report: How consumers are responding as brands drop racist logos and characters.)
Another 41% of participants in the analysis agreed that the support of corporate entities for addressing racial prejudice is “genuine”, the study added.
“We found that less than half of consumers felt that these companies’ responses were genuine, and only about half felt that they would actually follow through on their commitment,” Lever said.
Michelle Eule, head/platforms and data and insights in North America for Kantar, pointed to the example of brands updating logos and characters that are based on stereotypes in highlighting the clear need to adapt.
Whether it is Uncle Ben’s and Aunt Jemima’s in the packaged goods category or the NFL franchise in Washington dropping its offensive “Redskins” moniker, she added, new strategies must be based on inputs from a diverse audience.
“None of us were in the room when these original names and logos were created,” Eule said. “We can imagine, though, that the decisions were probably not made with the input of diverse business leaders or diverse consumers.”
As outmoded marketing practices come under heightened scrutiny, business as usual is not an option. That applies right through from recruitment and talent-management decisions to casting and characterization in ads.
It also means that brand custodians should gather feedback from a diverse audience on their output, new product development, and so on.
“Going with your gut has never really been good advice for savvy marketers,” said Eule. “But in the wake of ongoing social, political and public health crises, it can really be lethal for brands to act as quickly as the market demands without a validated and diverse consumer perspective.”
Sourced from WARC | <urn:uuid:eaaae22f-e2c9-45c9-9cca-e9fce4b4f512> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.warc.com/newsandopinion/news/how-consumers-are-responding-to-brands-anti-racism-stance/en-gb/43909 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.967486 | 494 | 1.945313 | 2 |
August 7, 2012 | Commentary on Recession and Recovery
It’s amazing what you can get used to.
Looking back a few years, the unemployment rate in April 2004 was 5.6 percent when presidential candidate John Kerry announced that then-President George W. Bush sported “the worst economic record since the Hoover administration.” When voters went to the polls four years later, a big reason Barack Obama prevailed is that unemployment had soared. To 6.8 percent.
Ah, but these days we’re almost immune to bad economic news. When the Labor Department announced that July’s jobless rate had climbed to 8.3 percent, it barely earned a mention on CNN. With the Olympics going on, and Harry Reid tossing around allegations about Mitt Romney, hours rolled by before the network could find the time to zero in on unemployment.
That’s a shame because, in recent years, our political leaders have been taking too many wrong turns.
As Amy Payne wrote on The Heritage Foundation’s blog, “The [Obama] administration’s foot-dragging on free trade agreements has killed job creation. The extended moratorium on oil drilling, followed by new regulations, killed job creation. President Obama's refusal to build the Keystone XL pipeline killed jobs. Ever-expanding Environmental Protection Agency regulations kill jobs. Extending unemployment insurance -- part of the failed ‘stimulus’ -- was a humanitarian gesture, but it killed jobs. Even increasing deficit spending has a job-killing effect, the opposite of what Obama espouses.”
Meanwhile, local political leaders are doing their part to discourage job creation as well.
For example, the restaurant chain Chick-fil-A wanted to open a new location in Chicago. But after a Chicago alderman read some comments by the chain’s CEO on the importance of traditional marriage (or what many Americans simply call “marriage”), he decided to block the restaurant. “Because of this man’s ignorance, I will now be denying Chick-fil-A’s permit to open a restaurant in the 1st Ward,” Joe Moreno explained.
Mayor Rahm Emanuel agreed. “They disrespect our fellow neighbors and residents. This would be a bad investment, since it would be empty.” Empty? That doesn’t seem likely. After conservative commentators encouraged people to visit the restaurants on Aug. 1, the company saw booming sales. “While we don’t release exact sales numbers, we can confirm reports that it was a record-setting day,” company vice president Steve Robinson told the Los Angeles Times.
Yet Chicago politicians, at least in the beginning, didn’t seem to care.
“We alone created 97 jobs this past year and our passion is building leaders for future generations, regardless of sexual orientation or beliefs,” the owner of the city’s only existing franchise pointed out. “We are not a corporation -- we are real people and taxpayers, as each Chick-fil-A franchise is independently owned and operated.”
It’s not the first time Chicago has passed on job creation, of course. Union activists and city council members worked for years to prevent Wal-Mart from opening stores in the city. That’s why, for many years, there was only one. “After the West Side store opened in 2006, expansion plans were put on hold when the City Council passed an ordinance that required big-box retailers to pay a minimum of $10 per hour and $3 hourly in benefits,” a local TV station explained last year.
Having been stymied in the city itself, in 2006 the company opened a store just outside Chicago city limits, and people literally lined up to apply for jobs. “The new Wal-Mart Stores Inc. location opening Friday in suburban Evergreen Park received a record 25,000 applications for 325 positions, the highest for any one location in the retailer’s history,” Crain’s Chicago Business reported at the time. Of course, back then unemployment was only about 4.4 percent, so maybe job creation wasn’t as important.
Now that the city has agreed to let it build more stores, Wal-Mart officials say they’ll “create about 1,000 new retail jobs and 200 new construction jobs for Chicago.” It’s a start.
Unemployment hasn’t been less than 8 percent since January of 2009. In those 42 months, we’ve apparently gotten used to sluggish growth. It’s time to make unemployment newsworthy again, by getting that number moving in the right direction. Maybe we can even bring it all the way down to Herbert Hoover-esque, 2004 levels again.
The first step, though, will be to get governments out of the way.
First appeared in Townhall.com. | <urn:uuid:3492b89f-d7e8-4b4c-983e-db9bc1442d96> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.heritage.org/research/commentary/2012/08/accepting-the-unacceptable | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00281-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946981 | 1,019 | 1.695313 | 2 |
SONGS OF S. by Robert Seydel
Shortly before he died in 2011, at the age of 51, the reclusive artist Robert Seydel submitted a manuscript of poems to Ugly Duckling Presse. He was uncertain whether to pair these "songs" of one of his many invented personae with (S.'s) collages and drawings, or to seek a publisher that would let the poems stand on their own.
Seydel described his character as follows: "S. occupied an apartment in a house in Amherst, Massachusetts, on a gray street around the corner from Emily Dickinson's manse on Main Street. Not that much is known about him as a person... But he wrote prolifically ... and kept a journal, and made collages and drew as well ... These pictures betray, as do his songs, a certain lack of proficiency, while simultaneously developing a stance of innocence and reverie far from the precincts of the technical. His poems, journals and pictures were found, along with a great library of books, in his apartment, which he abandoned quite suddenly."
This edition presents the cycle of poems in its entirety and uninterrupted, with an afterword by Peter Gizzi, and an additional booklet—"Maybe S."—composed of visual materials that at different times were meant as an accompaniment to the text.
Co-published with Siglio Press. | <urn:uuid:96b729a1-1a17-4800-87ee-19f1f2471fcd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://shop.uglyducklingpresse.org/collections/2014-1/products/63275 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.983572 | 295 | 1.640625 | 2 |
I have a 2 yr old and a 5 yr old they don't understand what diabeties is but they know how to react if I'm high or low. they remind me to take my medicine and to check my blood sugar level. They know what could happen if it is high or low .I started teaching them when they first started talking .I explain it to them in a way they cAn understand. I have been diabetic over half my life. Just be patient and try to use imagery or colorss to describe how you feel if I'm high i say i feel red if i'm low i say i feel blue. If i'm ok i say i'm yellow.
Next Discussion: Lipator? » | <urn:uuid:21c70410-78e7-46af-bcdd-796f500ccb30> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.diabeticconnect.com/diabetes-discussions/general/12273-kids-and-lettting-them-help | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721174.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00281-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94572 | 145 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Apollo 40th Anniversary web site celebrates the many accomplishments of the Apollo Program.
NASA's 45th Anniversary:
On October 1, 1958 NASA began operations. This page is a
celebration of NASA's 45th anniversary in 2003. It contains links to
photos, videos, documents, publications, biographies, and other
information about the formation of NASA and its 45 years of
activities. There are also links to a basic fact sheet on NASA
history and a chronology of defining events for NASA. We also have a
similar site for NASA's 40th Anniversary in 1998 and a new one for NASA's 50th anniversary.
NACA's 90th Anniversary: Founded in 1915, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) pushed the boundaries of the emerging aeronautics and astronautics fields. NASA succeeded the organization in 1958. This website commemorates that 90th anniversary of NACA's foundation in 2005.
Anniversary of the Mercury-Atlas 6 (Friendship 7) Mission: John H. Glenn, Jr. became the first American to orbit the Earth on February 20, 1962.
Anniversary of STS-1:
On April 12, 1981, the first Space Shuttle mission blasted into orbit with astronauts John Young and Robert Crippen aboard.
This site commemorates the 25th anniversary of this historic achievement, with a history, chronology, photos, and other useful resources.
Apollo-Soyuz Test Project:
Prepared for the 30th anniversary of the historic link-up in space that
took place in July 1975, this site commemorates the first human
spaceflight mission managed jointly by two nations.
Anniversary of Apollo 11:
This site includes a variety of newly available information such as
interviews with the three crew members and interesting historical
Anniversary of the Mercury Seven:
On April 9th, 1959, NASA announced the Mercury Seven's formation.;
These pages contain biographies, documents, pictures and other items of
interest about the formation of the first group of American astronauts,
Scott Carpenter, L. Gordon Cooper, Jr., John Glenn, Jr., Virgil "Gus"
Grissom, Walter Schirra, Jr., Alan Shepard, Jr., and Donald "Deke"
On October 14, 1947, the X-1 airplane broke the sound barrier.
This site celebrates the fiftieth anniversary of that historic flight,
including photos, reports, biographies, and much more.
Sputnik Anniversary :
On October 4, 1957. the Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik I,
the world's first artificial satellite. This site is devoted to the
history and ramifications of Sputnik. It includes information
explaining the larger context of the International Geophysical Year,
the first Explorer spacecraft, the Vanguard program, and the birth of
Apollo 204 (Apollo 1):
On January 27, 1967, tragedy struck the Apollo program. A flash
fire occurred in the command module during a launch pad test, killing
astronauts Lt. Col. Virgil I. Grissom, Lt. Col. Edward H. White, and
Roger B. Chaffee. This page is dedicated to the remembrance of
the tragedy and the lives it claimed.
On January 28, 1986, space shuttle Challenger was launched with a crew
of seven astronauts. Tragically, 73 seconds after lift-off, the space
craft exploded, killing its entire crew. This page, published on the
tenth anniversary of the accident, contains NASA administrator reports
and speeches as well as biographical and technical information about
Remembering Columbia STS-107:
On February 1, 2003, space shuttle Columbia and its seven member crew
were lost during reentry following a sixteen-day mission. This is a
comprehensive site containing information about the STS-107 mission,
accident, recovery efforts, and investigation. The site contains
numerous documents and images, including information from the former
Columbia Accident Investigation Board Website.
Steve Garber, NASA History Web Curator
For further information email firstname.lastname@example.org | <urn:uuid:b8500a3c-3c7c-416f-b988-7667b959c483> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/anniv.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00339-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.876198 | 870 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Every Day Without Fail
Post #1699 • May 27, 2014, 10:52 AM
Bouguereau's work routine.
Bouguereau painted every day without fail, conversing [simultaneously] with the friends or of family members who were present. Rising at dawn he would breakfast and then go up to his studio after donning some old clothes reserved for the purpose – a flannel shirt and an old suit, usually a skull cap or aged felt hat, and slippers on his feet. He would deal with serious business as he busied himself at the easel. At noon the painter would eat a frugal meal sent up to him from the pantry on a dumb waiter. Usually this consisted of fried eggs, cheese, and bread, which he would gulp down hastily, wishing to lose as little time as possible. Then he would take up his brush and only lay it down reluctantly when the daylight became insufficient. But that did not mean that his labors were ended. After the evening meal, by lamplight, he would work on new compositions, imaging different arrangements, and trying out new configurations. He drew his his famous little sketches in pen and ink or in pencil, laying out on paper a whole fairy world that was conceived with the contentment of a very full day... | <urn:uuid:8aac3256-c9c3-4915-a133-c6e705c22098> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.artblog.net/post/2014/05/bouguereau/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.991368 | 269 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Australia’s Green Fuel Opportunity in the Race to Decarbonize Shipping
Australia’s regional ports are well positioned to benefit from the decarbonization of global maritime fleets to flow “Green fuels” such as ammonia and hydrogen, according to renowned Australian environmental scientist Professor Peter Newman.
Referring to new research from the World Bank, the professor of sustainability at Curtin University in Perth said The fifth state that there is “no place” for gas in the decarbonisation of maritime transport and that green fuels are the answer to reducing emissions in the maritime transport sector.
“The World Bank report shows that you will have stranded assets if you try to build a fleet of LNG-based vessels, you don’t have to.”
According to the Shipping Industry Report, which is responsible for 3% of global emissions, there is a future fuel market estimated at over $ 1 trillion. The report notes that countries with significant renewable energy resources, such as Australia, are ready to take advantage of this emerging market.
Green hydrogen makes sense in the bush, not in the cities
Unlike the trains, cars, bicycles and scooters used to move people around cities which are easy to electrify and use renewable energy, ships and planes âneed more gruntsâ and lithium-ion batteries will not. probably not up to the task.
The other complication with planes and ships is that they have a long lifespan and therefore need cleaner alternatives to work with existing fleets. Newman says it’s “pretty straightforward” to make hydrogen from solar and wind and then turn it into various marine or jet fuels.
“What we are seeing now is ammonia winning the race over shipping and synthetic jet fuel for airplanes.”
The problem with hydrogen, however, is that it is difficult to store and transport.
Newman’s solution to these challenges is to transform spacious regional ports into green hydrogen hubs for manufacturing aviation fuels and other sustainable exports such as green steel, battery metals and green food products. .
He says that clustering industrial processes around transport and freight âin the bushâ is an economically viable route for green hydrogen.
“It won’t be used in cities at all, it will be very expensive and you can already use renewables directly in homes and cars.”
According to economist Ross Garnaut’s vision to turn Australia into a renewable superpower, Newman reaffirms that Australia has all the sun and wind it needs to become a leader in green manufacturing and start exporting products. value-added rather than just sending raw materials to markets such as Europe.
He said the report’s findings support Andrew “Twiggy” Forrest’s plans to use his iron ore mining business FMG as a petri dish for green hydrogen and ammonia technologies, including transition of its fleet of ships to green ammonia.
The timeline for the report also follows Opposition Leader Anthony Albanese’s recent pledge for a $ 15 billion fund to create a manufacturing sector fueled by clean energy, and the failure of Prime Minister Scott Morrison. to commit to a goal of net zero before a world climate summit. | <urn:uuid:d8a6cad4-1f20-4683-9733-c7d1a722754a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://konbrio.com/2021/04/20/australias-green-fuel-opportunity-in-the-race-to-decarbonize-shipping/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.938951 | 651 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Category: Dictionaries & Languages|
The author of the book: Annenberg
Format files: PDF, EPUB, TXT, DOCX
The size of the: 869 KB
Edition: McGraw Hill Higher Education
Date of issue: 20 May 1999
Description of the book "Fokus Deutsch: Beginning German: Level 1":"Fokus Deutsch" offers a powerful new resource for teaching beginning and intermediate German. This dynamic new three-level program carefully integrates videos, texts, audio and other supplements to bring German language, history and culture into focus for students. "Fokus Deutsch" was created through a collaboration of the Annenberg/CPB project, WGBH/Boston, and the McGraw-Hill Companies - the trio who also created "Destinos", "Nuevos Destinos", and "Connect with English" - along with "Inter Nationes" and the "Goethe-Institut". The result is an original and engaging program that immerses students in the reality of German life, history, and culture. The comprehensive PDF package for "Fokus Deutsch" also includes such multimedia supplements as a CD-ROM resource for instructors and a text specific website! In short, "Fokus Deutsch" is a comprehensive, well-organized program that integrates video, audio print and technology as effectively as it integrates language, drama, culture, and history.
Reviews of the Fokus Deutsch: Beginning German: Level 1To date regarding the ebook we now have Fokus Deutsch: Beginning German: Level 1 comments users haven't yet left their own overview of the game, or otherwise read it yet. Although, when you have already read this e-book and you're simply able to produce their discoveries well require you to spend your time to go away an evaluation on our site (we can easily distribute equally negative and positive testimonials). To put it differently, "freedom connected with speech" Most of us totally recognized. The feedback to reserve Fokus Deutsch: Beginning German: Level 1 -- other audience can make a decision about a publication. This sort of support could make you far more Joined!
AnnenbergHowever, presently we don't have any details about the particular performer Annenberg. Even so, we may take pleasure in in case you have almost any info on the item, and are wanting to supply the idea. Mail it to all of us! We also have the many look at, in case all the info are generally accurate, we are going to distribute on our web page. It's very important for many people that correct concerning Annenberg. All of us appreciate it before hand if you are ready to head over to meet up with all of us!
Download EBOOK Fokus Deutsch: Beginning German: Level 1 for free | <urn:uuid:ae06193d-eeb2-4018-9761-14a721d5a563> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://clearwalksoft.com/dictionaries-languages/72817-fokus-deutsch-beginning-german-level-1.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00070-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.878507 | 584 | 3.03125 | 3 |
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