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The ancient art of glassblowing is one of the many diverse experiences offered to students through our pioneering Deep Learning programme.
This is a trailblazing programme, designed to encourage independence, motivation, enjoyment and depth in student learning, and helped ICHK to win a place in Cambridge Strategies’ list of the top 100 schools in the world for innovation.
The glassblowing unit offers students first-hand experience at a local glass studio where they learn to gather, shape and inflate molten glass. They learn about the science and history of the material as well as how it is used in contemporary art and craft practices.
They have a wonderful opportunity to learn from glass artists, and design and produce a one-of-a-kind piece of art, just like the drinking glasses pictured here. | <urn:uuid:8d466bbf-ecf6-4c86-938c-5e57a58e9d96> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ichk.edu.hk/news/glass-blown-cups | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.94174 | 163 | 2.609375 | 3 |
GPS units have revolutionized fishing
Let's talk about GPS. For some of you reading this, our discussion here will seem very elementary and familiar. For others that are just learning how to use GPS, I am hoping this can help clear up and simplify this wonderful resource tool for fisherman.
Remember how confusing it was for you when you first started to learn about and use GPS? It is like learning another language. A few key terms and phrases can help understand about this amazing technology.
GPS stands for Global Positioning System. The information sent to GPS units is space based and come to us from satellites. The system is based on location using latitude and longitude. Latitude is the horizontal lines that are either north or south of the equator and longitude is the vertical lines east or west of the prime meridian. They are measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds from the equator and prime meridian. Every location in the world now has an address. The address is called a coordinate. A coordinate is the intersection of latitude and longitude based on the degrees north/south and east/west.
Our area is north latitude and west longitude. The modern GPS units can save locations based on these coordinates. These saved locations are called "waypoints." This is how you save locations you have found fish or structure. It is like leaving an electronic boey marker on the water that nobody else can see. With GPS you can return to these locations with tremendous accuracy.
Getting from one location to another is called navigation. Some units will provide several different ways to navigate from you current position to where you would like to go. You will develop a favorite navigation style that fits your orientation as you use and practice with your GPS navigation unit.
The GPS units will also leave a line as you travel. This is called a plotter trail. This memory trail is like leaving electronic bread crumbs so you can follow your way back. With most units you can also save trails as a way of being able to repeat a trolling pass or going on a "milk run" of your favorite spots.
You can also leave electronic markers called "icons." They come as a menu of different symbols. As you familiarize yourself with these symbols you will see how they can start to be helpful in marking locations, hazards, or various other locations that help you with navigation or location. I use icons to mark general locations, and waypoints to mark "spot on the spot" locations. I also use icons to help me identify the difference between summertime and wintertime locations. You will find and develop your own system as you continue to grow with your GPS experience.
The last few years, a huge addition to the GPS has been the lake maps that can be added to units that accept SD cards. There are two primary mapping chips available at this time. One is from Navionics, and the other is from Lakemaster. They make these chips for multiple states, so even if you are traveling out of state to fish you can get lake maps for your GPS for that area.
GPS has revolutionized fishing. It has made anyone that learns how to use GPS a better and more efficient angler. One downside is, there are no more secret spots.
(Laabs runs Brad Laabs Guide Service in Detroit Lakes.) | <urn:uuid:8bc9d486-5206-4f6a-ac67-3df4b5ecccdc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dl-online.com/content/gps-units-have-revolutionized-fishing?qt-latest_trending_article_page=0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00236-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95869 | 676 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Encouraging Positive Body Image in Tweens & Teens
Kids today are more likely than ever before to suffer from body image issues, with many turning to diets that are detrimental to their overall health. Anorexia and bulimia are being seen in younger children than ever before, with some admitting to engaging in unhealthy eating rituals even before their teenage years. Parents and health professionals are right to worry about this trend, and they need to take steps to help kids to develop positive body images.
Diets: Healthy versus DangerousThe word "diet" has taken on a life of its own. When most people say that they are on a diet, they mean that they are trying to lose weight. While there is no denying that overweight and obesity are important issues, it is far healthier to think of diet in terms of healthy eating, rather than eating with a specific weight goal in mind. For kids and teens, who haven't yet finished growing, fad diets or those that are especially restrictive may cause more harm than good.
Overweight kids do need to pay attention to their food choices, but for the most part, kids tend to choose diet plans that are not focused on balanced nutrition, but rather on eating foods that they love, but either in severely limited quantities or as happens in bulimics, eating to excess and then vomiting before the calories are processed. Unfortunately, such skewed thinking places emphasis on all of the wrong things - and puts kids' health at risk for the sake of fitting some unachievable and unrealistic "ideal."
Celebrity Influences on Kids' Body ImageTeens and preteens are often exposed to an enormous quantity of images through modern media, all influencing kids' perceptions of beauty. Many of the celebrities that kids admire most fail to provide positive examples for them, however, and the photos in those glossy magazines only serve perpetuate the false idea that skeleton-like bodies are something to be admired. In their determination to achieve celebrity looks, tweens and teens sometimes take risks with their health, and in extreme cases, with their lives.
Kids need to be made aware that the images they see in their favourite celebrity magazines are usually painting unrealistic pictures. Photos are often touched up to shave a bit of weight, erase stray hairs, and give the impression that actors and pop stars have perfect complexions. | <urn:uuid:d477cea2-fe64-4de0-9dbe-a68122876bd2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kidsdevelopment.co.uk/encouraging-positive-body-image.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.969492 | 476 | 2.5 | 2 |
Are you wondering why your Ford F-150 won’t turn over just a click? Are you also troubled with the nerve-racking experience of turning the key and the engine failing to start repeatedly?
If you are a regular Ford driver, you must know that engine performance and reliability are major concerning issues when you fail to fulfill the engine needs.
The Ford F-150 is leading for manufacturing its exclusive and fuel economical designs in the marketplace.
Not to mention, its constant successive models all over the years add to its recognition.
However, it’s far from perfect, and like any other engine, suffers from a few serious issues.
In our case, the problem is the engine starting issue so, let’s help you get through the causes and solutions of why your Ford F-150 won’t turn over.
- 1 What is Ford F-150 Starting Issue?
- 2 Why Your Ford F-150 Won’t Start Just Clicks?
- 3 Ford F-150 Won’t Turn Over Just a Click| Solutions
- 4 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
- 4.1 Can a faulty mass airflow cause engine crank?
- 4.2 How to avoid dead battery issues?
- 4.3 How can I recharge my car battery?
- 4.4 What are the signs of a defective alternator?
- 4.5 How can I avoid clicking issues?
- 4.6 Does a low-quality oil affect engine performance?
- 4.7 Can I repair the broken starter instead of replacing it?
- 5 Conclusion
What is Ford F-150 Starting Issue?
Unless you drive a new vehicle every day, you can experience Ford starting issues. Now you may think about what exactly this issue is?
If you try to start the car and it fails to start the engine, you can experience one of the two possible cases.
- Your Ford won’t start; It won’t crank
- Your Ford won’t start; It would crank
Do you understand that what does crank means, and what difference would it make?
When you try to engage the ignition of a car, it fails to start and, you don’t hear the starter engaging. We consider this case a no-start-no-crank problem.
The issue usually comes when one of the three first components of the car fails to power up the engine.
Now comes the question are you familiar with these components that might be responsible for this mishap?
You may have an issue with the car starter, alternator, or most probably the battery. However, your engine is pretty much decent to work.
In this case, you attempt to start a car, and, however, the engine fails to fire up completely.
You may hear the clicking sound of the starter trying to crank the engine but, your car shows no response. We call it a no-start-but-crank problem.
As the problem is related to the engine, it fails to engage enough to start a car.
Why Your Ford F-150 Won’t Start Just Clicks?
Now that you get the root problem, Aren’t you curious; what could be the possible reasons your car resists to start whenever you attempt to ignite the engine?
It’s reality; we always fail to realize the importance of anything until it’s gone, especially when that precious thing is your car; Isn’t it?
Let’s help you get through the reasons why your Ford F-150 won’t start just cranks?
One of the most typical reasons for clicking issues is a faulty alternator. Let’s discuss the working mechanism of an alternator before we move forward.
An alternator is a belt-driven device that works to distribute electricity to the car and recharge the battery by converting mechanical energy into electricity.
It generates electricity by rotor and stator, voltage regulator, diode rectifier and, a cooling fan.
However, like any part of the car, its efficacy decreases over time and needs replacement.
When an alternator fails to perform its function, the battery power starts to drain.
Furthermore, it won’t fire the engine the next time you attempt to start your car.
Poor Ignition Coil
Probably the least common reason behind poor engine performance is the poor ignition coil. Let’s go through its function and discuss the root problem.
An ignition coil works as a high-voltage transformer that ensures the spark jumping across the spark plug and instigates combustion.
It generates a voltage by following Faraday’s law of electromagnetism and hence, contains primary and secondary circuits.
However, if even one of them fails to perform its work, you need to replace it.
The root problem occurs when you neglect to replace the coils, and it overtakes the engine performance and, hence your Ford F-150 won’t turn over.
Broken Distributor Cap
You may be thinking about how a broken distributor cap be responsible for engine starting issues?
A distributor cap is a thick cup-shaped removable component that encloses the distributor and its rotor in a Ford engine.
It delivers the voltage from the ignition coils to spark plugs and from there to the cylinders.
The distributor cap often cracks when it succumbs to vibration and heat.
Furthermore, corrosion and moisture accumulation under the car can lead to further problems.
When you fail to clean or replace it, the engine cranks every time you start a car.
MAF Sensor Failure
Do you know that a mass airflow sensor failure leads to engine cranking issues?
Since sensors monitor engine performance, a faulty MAF sensor cannot record and send data to an engine control unit (ECU).
Furthermore, it fails to make changes to the fuel and ignition systems. As a result, the engine cranks and fails to start repeatedly.
The other common reason your Ford won’t turn over is a dead battery. Even; the corrosive battery can be responsible for why your car fails to start.
Now comes the question do you have any idea how a battery works for a car?
A battery ensures to deliver initial electrical power to an automobile to get it running.
Moreover, it monitors the other electrical components like LCD, radio, AC, lights, etc.
The problem arises when either the battery gets dead or corrosive. As a result, you experience no-start-no-crank engine issues.
Crank Sensor Failure
A crank sensor failure could also be to blame for why your Ford F-150 won’t start just cranks.
As we discussed before, sensors regulate fuel, coolant, and emission systems. Similarly, a crank sensor ensures the accuracy of the piston working and monitors combustion timing.
If the crankshaft position sensor comes in contact with water, it fails to send the information to the computer engine.
Furthermore, the engine resists starting the car to prevent any further damage to the automobile system.
Starter Motor Issues
A faulty starter can also be the reason your car fails to turn over. Have you any idea what is the purpose of a starter in an automobile?
A starter is an electrical motor attached to the battery of your automobile that works to fire up the engine when you turn on the ignition switch.
An engine fails to crank when the starter breaks or becomes faulty. Furthermore, it becomes noisy and keeps clicking.
Catalytic Converter Failure
Catalytic converter failure will likely be one of the first things that come to your mind when your car fails to start.
A clogged catalytic converter fails to exhaust harmful gases. As a result, the engine overheats and halts its performance.
Not to mention, your automobile smells of rotten eggs or sulfur compounds. The car becomes irresponsive despite the acceleration.
Empty Fuel Tank
Did it once come to your mind that an empty fuel tank could also be the reason why your Ford F-150 won’t turn over just a click?
If not, then you might feel silly because it happens more than you can imagine.
Sometimes there is insufficient fuel in your car tank; however, you fail to notice it and keep imagining the worst.
By and large, check your fuel tank before you think of other possibilities to save your time and money.
Defective Fuel System
Clogged fuel filter or fuel line, failure of the fuel pump, or faulty injection systems – altogether calls for a defective fuel system.
If any of these or the overall system gets faulty, you may experience poor engine issues as a clogged fuel line fails to pass enough fuel to the engine.
Because a defective fuel system makes the engine rough, your Ford cranks every time you start a car.
Ford F-150 Won’t Turn Over Just a Click| Solutions
Now that you know about the reasons for your problem- why not help you to tackle them?
Don’t fret; let’s go through the article and learn the possible solutions to overcome your issues.
Replace Fuel Filter
Faulty fuel filters hinder engine performance and decline its lifetime. Furthermore, it clogs the fuel injectors and increases fuel consumption.
Nevertheless, you can avoid it by either repairing or replacing it. Replacing a fuel filter prevents additional expenses and monitors fuel economy.
Although it’s a little tricky to replace a fuel filter, you can do this job yourself.
Fix Spark Plug Issues
Have you ever driven your car and felt like it has lost its spark? Well, this could happen when you lose its spark plugs!
Spark plugs and ignition coils are sensitive parts of an engine that work; to monitor fuel economy, optimal combustion, and power delivery.
Just like any other engine unit, it requires maintenance and appropriate cleaning. Failure to fix spark plug issues makes you compromise engine efficacy.
Check Battery Problems
Batteries are a significant part of your car; when you take care of them, your car does the same for you.
Batteries offer an average lifetime of 2-5 years; however, many factors affect their health.
You should avoid driving on a scorching hot day as warm weather damage the internal fluid composition of a battery.
You can extend its lifetime and prevent it from corrosion by keeping it clean from dirt and debris.
Exchange Starter Motor
A defective starter motor fails to start your car and becomes unable to generate enough torque.
Nonetheless, you can avoid this problem by exchanging a starter motor. It’s quite an easy task and can be replaced; at home.
You need to turn off the ignition and detach the cables and bolts from the starter.
Now, remove the old starter and replace it with the new one. Also, connect the bolts and cables; to hold the starter in place.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Can a faulty mass airflow cause engine crank?
Of course, it is possible as mass airflow monitors the fuel and ignition system.
Given that, the engine fails to perform and starts cranking when its mass airflow gets faulty.
How to avoid dead battery issues?
You should maintain battery health and try to increase the driving distance as it helps recharge it.
Keep the battery clean to avoid its corrosion problems.
Moreover, make sure to switch off the electrical components like headlights before leaving the car.
How can I recharge my car battery?
It’s simple and easy to recharge a dead battery employing these two methods.
You can recharge a car battery by hooking it up with a battery charger while setting the charger to the slowest charging rate.
You can also connect your dead battery with other car ones through wires and recharge it.
What are the signs of a defective alternator?
You should check for the following;
- Dim lights
- Clicking sounds
- Stereo system issues
How can I avoid clicking issues?
It’s simple; use premium engine oil and maintain engine health.
Also, check and fix the fuel filter system to avoid suspension issues. Keep the battery and engine clean to prevent corrosion.
Does a low-quality oil affect engine performance?
In the first place, a quality engine needs quality oil to increase its lifetime.
However, if you use below-average quality oil, you can experience car rattles and sputters.
Moreover, the engine becomes rough over time; consequently, your car fails to start even if you give acceleration to it.
Can I repair the broken starter instead of replacing it?
You can repair a broken starter; however, we recommend going with the replacing option.
If you are after repairing a cracked starter, you get no guarantee even when you pay higher.
However, a brand-new starter ensures more lifetime in return for more money.
Now that we added the knowledge of why your Ford F-150 won’t turn just a click– did you manage to subtract the issue?
In our perspective, the Ford is nothing but a stack of metal without its running engine.
The best way to avoid this issue is to familiarize yourself with these problems and refer to their solutions as the engine is the most crucial part of your car.
We recommend you keep up with regular maintenance tips to avoid serious issues and increase the engine endurance time. | <urn:uuid:5d61ea94-bc33-4b14-a888-caa300811e57> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.georgelawsongallery.com/ford-f150-wont-turn-over-just-a-click/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.919949 | 2,807 | 2.1875 | 2 |
BETHESDA, MD 25 Mar 2013—Cangene Corporation of Winnipeg, Canada, this morning announced the approval of Botulism Antitoxin Heptavalent for the treatment of naturally occurring botulism and for use as a biodefense agent.
The horse-serum-derived antitoxin neutralizes all seven known serotypes of botulinum nerve toxin—types A, B, C, D, E, F, and G—and was developed through a contract with the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA). By 2018, a total of 200,000 doses of the product will be delivered to the Strategic National Stockpile, according to the company.
for the product is available online.
Although it was developed as a biodefense product, the antitoxin has been used since 2009 as an investigational treatment for naturally occurring, noninfant botulism in the United States, Cangene stated.
Botulinum toxin is produced by Clostridium botulinum bacteria. When inhaled, ingested, or introduced into a wound, the toxin causes serious paralysis that may lead to the inability to breathe. According to FDA, Cangene's product is the only one available in the United States for the treatment of botulism in adults and in infants whose illness is caused by neurotoxins other than types A or B.
The safety of the antitoxin was tested in 40 healthy human subjects and 228 patients who received the drug under emergency conditions as an investigational treatment for botulism. Efficacy studies were performed in animals only.
According to FDA, the most commonly reported adverse events in people who received the antitoxin were headache, fever, chills, rash, itching, and nausea. The agency noted that a delayed hypersensitivity reaction may occur in patients who are sensitive to horse proteins.
Distribution of the product for patients with naturally occurring botulism is coordinated through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's drug service. | <urn:uuid:c6c1afe9-afa2-45e3-8010-479c7243a5ba> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ashp.org/menu/News/PharmacyNews/NewsArticle.aspx?Source=News&Type=Rss&Id=3878 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00246-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959711 | 409 | 2.375 | 2 |
Creepy or Cool? Portraits Derived From the DNA in Hair and Gum Found in Public Places
Artist Heather Dewey-Hagborg and her DNA-derived self-portrait. Photo by Dan Phiffer.
It started with hair. Donning a pair of rubber gloves, Heather Dewey-Hagborg collected hairs from a public bathroom at Penn Station and placed them in plastic baggies for safe keeping. Then, her search expanded to include other types of forensic evidence. As the artist traverses her usual routes through New York City from her home in Brooklyn, down sidewalks onto city buses and subway cars—even into art museums—she gathers fingernails, cigarette butts and wads of discarded chewing gum.
Do you get strange looks? I ask, in a recent phone conversation. “Sometimes,” says Dewey-Hagborg. “But New Yorkers are pretty used to people doing weird stuff.”
Dewey-Hagborg’s odd habit has a larger purpose. The 30-year-old PhD student, studying electronic arts at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York, extracts DNA from each piece of evidence she collects and enters this data into a computer program, which churns out a model of the face of the person who left the hair, fingernail, cigarette or gum behind.
Read more: http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/artscie ... z2SLphIBmI
Follow us: @SmithsonianMag on Twitter | <urn:uuid:334c1ac3-9509-4bfe-b5e0-478ddbbc3128> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.seahawks.net/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=68431&p=938613 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719566.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00261-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.915513 | 321 | 2.453125 | 2 |
SunCalc Disproves Manila Bay Sunset Will Be Blocked By Manila Solar City
Thanks to FB Friend Atanacio Salvador, outrage faddists will be outed again for a fair bit of deception.
Atanacio sent me an infograph and a link to a site which scientifically disproves the claims of a supposed altruistic movement that the majestic view of the sunset of Manila bay will be blocked by a joint reclamation project by the Manila City Government and Manila Goldcoast Development Corporation.
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The infograph shows an artistic rendition of the Manila Bay sunset supposedly as it is now and below this is another rendition of the Manila Bay sunset blocked by tall buildings, supposedly those that are going to be constructed on the Manila reclamation project.
This picture is being circulated by Paulo Alcazaren, Jim Libiran, and other members of the SOS Save Manila Bay movement.
It is a picture that will rile anybody up, unless they’re actually Manilenyos and actually took time to think about where exactly the sun sets.
The artist made one glaring inaccuracy, he or she depicted the sun setting towards Quirino Grandstand or towards the Manila Pier.  Here is a closer picture of the erroneous sunset being spread by SOS Save Manila Bay.
Below the picture of the erroneous depiction of the Manila Bay sunset is another picture from SunCalc, a website that “shows sun movement and sunlight phases during the given day at the given location.”  This picture shows where the sunsets around this time of year and clearly, it indicates that the sun sets right towards the center of the bay, NOT towards the Pier.
Moreover, I used SunCalc to see whether the proposed Manila Solar City project will block the sunset along Roxas Boulevard and guess what? It won’t.
Check out the sun’s path on Quirino Avenue.
Check out the sun’s path on Malate.
Check out the sun’s path at the Quirino Grandstand.
Of course, the place where the sun sets will differ through out the year and this is because the Earth is slightly tilted. Â Come March 22, the sun’s path will be a direct line crossing east to west and from that point, the sun will set progressively towards Quirino Grandstand.
By July 13, the sun will set nearest to Quirino Grandstand.
I think SOS Save Manila purposely timed their sunset viewing at this time of year when the sun sets nearest the proposed site of Manila Solar City. SOS Save Manila is PURPOSELY DECEIVING THE PUBLIC by not telling them that from March onwards, the sun’s trajectory will progressively veer away from Manila Solar City and the succeeding sunsets will be closer to the Quirino Grandstand. Â COMPLETELY MISSING THE MANILA SOLAR CITY DEVELOPMENT!
Even now, the sun’s trajectory barely glances the edge of the proposed development and really, this can be addressed by not building structures that would obstruct the view of the setting sun from Quirino Avenue.
Oh, and Mr. Jim Libiran, I didn’t use fancy equipment for this and am just using FREE stuff on the net. Â Nothing fancy that will obviously need a lot of funding to execute and publish or broadcast.
So, before you insinuate anything, let me ask you… How was your lunch with PR Man Bobby Capco?
Let me end this post with a few words from Atanacio:
How far will these guys go to pursue their so-called public interest agenda? The fact is they are pursuing their own agenda. Public access to the sunset is not limited to that few meters of Manila Bay’s shore. It is available to all in a far wider coastline of the country’s western side. In fact, it shouldn’t be touted by the Department of Tourism as the Manila Bay Sunset… it should be the Philippine Sunset.
The reclamation islands on Manila Bay — yes, ISLANDS — will breath new life (and land) into the old decrepit city that is Manila: new jobs, new business opportunities, new clean and well managed environment.
Yet these sunset savers want to save THEIR “view” — what have they done for Manila lately? And if they are able to stop this reclamation project for the reasons they state, what good will they do then for Manila and its ills?
Kainin nyo sunset nyo! Go ahead, tell that the the poor, starving masses. | <urn:uuid:a1b898e9-aa17-42b9-8b91-ae30f040617f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.getrealphilippines.com/2013/02/suncalc-disproves-manila-bay-sunset-will-be-blocked-by-manila-solar-city/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.929444 | 1,027 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Positive Home Solutions - Woodworking Vol. 1 with Robert Roskind
DVD5 | English | VIDEO_TS | 720 x 480 | MPEG2 ~4788 Kbps | 29.970 fps
AC-3 | 192 Kbps | 48.0 KHz | 2 channel | ~2 hours | 3.47 GB
Genre: eLearning Video / Woodworking
Keep your home in tip-top form with the knowledge gained from the Positive Home Solutions Series! Complete and accurate how-to information to assist the average homeowner to successsfully undertake the described projects, with the fewest mistakes and the highest level of quality work. Projects include building cabinets, tables and bookshelves.
This DVD shows you the correct way to build beautiful wood furniture in your own workshop. Everyone enjoys the look and feel of fine wood furniture and the warmth and elegance that can greatly engance every home. This program will take you through step-by-step, from initial planning to the finished product. Besides the items presented, this DVD gives you the basics that can be applied to other items you may want to build. As you build these projects, remember that every new skill and technique you learn can be carried over into other projects.
- Step by step instructions and practical shortcuts.
- Printable instructions using your DVD-ROM equipped PC.
- Topics chaptered for easy access to facilitate viewing of desired segment.
I recommends Buy premimum account for High speed+parallel downloads! | <urn:uuid:f4b13676-4cf6-40bb-b60a-0974b393d395> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.clarinel.com/tutorial/865976-positive-home-solutions-woodworking-vol-1-with-robert-roskind.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00178-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.703983 | 303 | 1.578125 | 2 |
If Edith Wharton Had Facebooked
I recently spent a week at the Harry Ransom Center, University of Texas at Austin, researching engraving's influence on type, graphic design and the way we communicate. For five days I examined—with my bare hands (although many research facilities require cotton gloves) and a Rodenstock three-power loupe covering a 6x6 centimeter area—original specimens of engraving. Three days were spent on copybooks and engraved collections of calligraphy used for teaching writing from the 1600 to 1800s. The rest was dedicated to Edith Wharton's secret love letters to Morton Fullerton and some folders of Mark Twain's personal papers. My purpose was to find interesting examples of American social stationery engraving. Since this is a “tag” that does not yet exist, I go to great lengths defining this category of design and communications history in the hopes that it will become part of our vernacular.
Title page spread from The Universal Penman (Dover Publications), engraved by George Bickham, 1743.
I examined original calligraphic engravings (routine but interesting) to educate myself in a “boot camp,” total immersion sort of way to recognize the look, feel and general organic response one has to loads and loads of real engraving. I handled about 1,450 individual engraved pages contained, primarily, in individual copybooks and one massive 10-volume collection from a gentleman who collected books and books about books, Henry Benjamin Hanbury Beaufoy, who lived from 1786 to 1851. Each volume is more than two feet long and a couple of inches thick. After going through three of Mr. Beaufoy's collections most pertinent to my study, I looked at historic specimens of American commercial engraving such as personal social stationery.
In the days before computers, email and peripheral devices capable of split-second, interpersonal communication, people exchanged written thoughts, emotions and ideas through a letter or its shorter form, a note. For more than 5,000 years since the Sumerians brought us writing, whole industries and selling opportunities have emerged for the creation of ingenious paper products that could transmit handwritten, hand-set and, later, hand “typed” messages.
For centuries it was common to sit at a desk with a pen and piece of paper and write thoughts and desires in longhand and send these via foot messenger or post to one particular person. Think of handwriting as media and paper a technology. Beaufoy recognized the importance of writing literacy and must have considered it a gateway to social and fiscal advancement. In addition to collecting engraved calligraphic specimens he invested heavily in the City of London School, funding educational scholarships, and built the Beaufoy Ragged School for wayward orphans and destitute children (think of a free school where characters such as Dickens' Oliver could learn to read and write instead of stealing).
Spread from The Universal Penman (Dover Publications), engraved by George Bickham, 1743.
Throughout time engraved imagery has been used for the dissemination of religious ideology, to illustrate science, industry and to translate great works of art. The paper upon which professional business correspondence was composed (that is, the letters of doctors, lawyers and statesmen) was engraved as a “safety feature” of authenticity and as a mark of distinction. By the 20th century, engraved letterhead was the accepted business form and also very popular for personal stationery. It has only been in the last 30 years that engraving has fallen from favor and since the 1990s has all but disappeared from regular use.
I was thinking about copybooks, writing literacy, paper technology and American commercial engraving while going through Edith Wharton's love letters. She lived from 1862 to 1937; her affair with Morton Fullerton lasted from 1906 to 1909, and the collection of letters now exist in a box at the Ransom Center measuring .42 linear feet, with the majority from the height of their relationship between 1908 and 1909. Although I was looking for information about substrate, printing, engraved monograms and lettering styles, I could not help but peek into her personal life and found myself reading her words to him. What I observed surprised me.
Edith Wharton in a 1905 publicity shot.
Edith Wharton is one of my personal literary heroes because she wrote with irony about the American upper class, society, their manners and foibles during the fin de siecle. This period in history is a favorite because it seems glamorous and romantic, replete with horse and carriage, candle-lit midnight dinners and sumptuous satin gowns with ostrich-feather hand fans and acres of furs, pearls and diamond studded tiaras. She was friends with Henry James, Theodore Roosevelt and many artistic and influential contemporaries. Wharton traveled extensively, lived abroad and suffered a failed marriage that made her very independent and a bit of an early feminist. Her characters are preternaturally concerned with etiquette, a bit tarnished at heart and they, like Wharton herself, were wont for the use of social stationery.
I enjoy her fiction, her observations about life and love and getting along in polite society. So I was disappointed to scan through her personal prose written to one of the great loves in her life because what I read seemed so prosaic. Wharton's words to Fullerton reminded me of the mundane status updates I'm used to seeing on Facebook, offering personal insights along the lines of, “Oh, the word I used to close my last letter may have been too harsh,” or “Gee, in haste I sent that note last night with a rush courier and maybe the message may have appeared a bit rash or hasty” (the equivalent of today's spontaneous, but regrettable text messaging, perhaps). She also wrote about her disintegrating marriage and day-to-day accounts of travel, whom she visited, what performance or exhibit she attended—some written on “mourning” stationery with its deep black borders. But rather than teeming with passion for a long-distance lover (for periods of time they were separated by an ocean), her letters were often about seemingly insignificant details.
And that got me thinking: What if Edith Wharton had Facebooked? Had she lived in our time and communicated digitally, I wonder what her literature would be like. Looking at five days of cursive writing and personal letters made me realize that her compulsion to jot down her thoughts was no different than ours today when we tweet about what we had for lunch or share some fab link we just discovered. The difference between a letter written longhand and a Facebook post is that one takes a little bit longer (and leaves a more lasting trace), but the purpose is the same. Whether we live on a grand, Whartonian scale or a quieter, more ordinary one, we feel more significant when we share intimacies about ourselves with others. Edith Wharton was an extremely private individual who would most likely be very upset that I can now read about her romantic life (her love letters are publicly accessible at the Ransom Center and many have been published in a book). But would the allure of today's social media have seduced her, as it has so many of us, into utilizing its efficiency at the expense of privacy? And if so, what would the cost be to her, both personally and professionally? Maybe it's good that we'll never know. | <urn:uuid:5db36db3-dcd2-4cc9-a1ea-35f8e7023b58> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.aiga.org/if-edith-wharton-had-facebooked/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00280-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964853 | 1,546 | 2.328125 | 2 |
J&K: The National Child Development Council (NCDC) has demanded English speaking course as mandatory subject in all the government schools of the country.
In a statement, NCDC members said: “English is a language which has a universal appeal and is also considered to be the most widely spoken language in the world.”
They further said that English speaking in particular is perceived to be very important for employment in today’s times, while it is seen that people who have high degrees with them are unable to crack a job interview because of their inability to express themselves in English.
“It is time that the Government takes into consideration the opinion of its own appointed panels that have suggested that English should be made compulsory in all schools, and every student from class 6th onwards should study English as a compulsory subject,” members said, adding that there are reports regarding suggestion that at least one English language school should exist in every block of the country.
The NCDC suggested that government must also direct schools to even consider providing additional time to English teachers so that they can focus on developing communication skills of students.
“It is imperative that Government takes this issue with utmost gravity as this will not only help students improve their English, but it would also help in improving the image of Government Schools. One of the major reasons for parents preferring private schools over Govt. Schools is the emphasis they give to English speaking per se,” the statement reads.
It further reads that, “the Government can also consider taking assistance of NGOs that have innovative ideas to make children communicate in English. There is no doubt that the traditional teaching methodologies adopted by many government school teachers will not improve the English communication skills of children.”
The BOARD MEMBERS of NCDC, who passed resolution were, Arathi I S (Resolution representative), Risvan Baba Alexander, Sudha Menon, Bindu Saraswathibhai, Dr Sruthi Ganesh, & Thomas K L.
It was that resolved English speaking should be made mandatory in all the Government schoo ls of the country. | <urn:uuid:490b6606-f9fb-4f6d-a21c-705b04f90570> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kashmirstudentupdate.com/2022/05/ncdc-demands-english-speaking-course-mandatory-in-all-government-schools.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.976327 | 434 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Crowd sourcing journalism is just a step on the way to completely deskilling any complex task. Can Amazon's Mechanical Turk do the job well enough to prove the point?
Can you break any skill down into small easy to specify chunks that almost any even slightly intelligent agent can perform?
Writing a news item - like this one, say - clearly involves sophisticated intelligence that cannot be reduced an algorithmic process. However, there have been attempts to do exactly that and the latest experiment is novel because it uses crowd-sourced intelligence to complete separate tasks. Is an experiment that uses crowd-sourced intelligence a test of AI? It is as long as the activities are sufficiently well specified.
The latest experiment is being conducted by a group of journalists and programmers using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk.
In case you haven't heard of the Mechanical Turk before it is a web site where simple tasks can be allocated to any of a huge number of people who sign up to get paid for completing said simple tasks. In general the tasks are simple and repetitive - but even with an ideal task the Mechanical Turk has been plagued by problems of spam pollution.
The experiment is hosted on the mybossisarobot.com website. The test is to make use of the Mechanical Turk to take a short scientific paper and construct a, hopefully readable, article for the general public. Work on the article is to be split into different tasks - what is the most interesting aspect of the story, locate other researchers who might provide a quote, get a quote and so on. Many of the tasks are designed to be completed more than once and a consensus average is used to construct the final article.
This isn't the first time that AI has been applied to the task of creating robot, but it probably is the first time that crowd sourced intelligence has been applied to the problem. The experimenters don't rate their chances of success very highly - but they feel that the experiment is worth trying before some publisher or other tries it for real.
The important point is that if this skill can be crowd sourced so can others of a similar nature. This would reduce the skilled to the unskilled and change the economics of the modern world. | <urn:uuid:0520ca44-e108-4bec-8b1c-95e7fbf70a5a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.i-programmer.info/news/105-artificial-intelligence/1979-crowd-sourcing-replaces-journalists.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00198-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955696 | 446 | 2.4375 | 2 |
On May 19, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorizes longer time for refrigerator storage of thawed Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine.
Based on evidence from clinical trials, the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine was 95% effective at preventing laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 illness in people without evidence of previous infection. “From the GRADE evidence assessment, the level of certainty for the benefits of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine was type 1 (high certainty) for the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19. Evidence was type 3 (low certainty) for the estimate of prevention of COVID-19–associated hospitalization and type 4 (very low certainty) for the estimate of prevention of death. Regarding potential harms after vaccination, evidence was type 2 (moderate certainty) for serious adverse events and type 1 (high certainty) for reactogenicity,” – Pfizer said.
U.S. Vaccination Data
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said about 159.2 million people have received at least one dose of a Covid-19 vaccine, including about 125.5 million people who have been fully vaccinated by Johnson & Johnson’s single-dose vaccine or the two-dose series made by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna.
More than 60 percent of adults have received at least one shot. President Biden set a goal on May 4 of reaching 70 percent of adults by July 4. Providers are administering about 1.8 million doses per day on average, about a 47 percent decrease from the peak of 3.38 million reported on April 13.
“Some experts have estimated that 70 to 90 percent of the total population — adults and children — needs to acquire resistance to the coronavirus to reach herd immunity, when transmission of the virus substantially slows because enough people have been protected through infection or vaccination. A number of factors will determine how quickly this threshold is met, especially the pace at which newly vaccinated people join those who are immune after past infections. But the presence of more transmissible virus variants could complicate that progress. And children, who aren’t yet eligible, may be key to reaching herd immunity, experts say,” – The New York Times report.
Changing in EUA for Pfizer-BioNTech Vaccine
Based on a review of recent data submitted by Pfizer Inc., the U.S. Food and Drug Administration is authorizing undiluted, thawed Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine vials to be stored in the refrigerator at 2°C to 8°C (35°F to 46°F) for up to 1 month. Previously, thawed, undiluted vaccine vials could be stored in the refrigerator for up to 5 days.
Pfizer Inc. submitted data to the FDA to demonstrate that undiluted, thawed vials of its COVID-19 vaccine are stable at refrigerator temperatures for up to 1 month. The updated Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers Administering Vaccine (Vaccination Providers) is intended to help frontline workers understand the revised storage time.
“Making COVID-19 vaccines widely available is key to getting people vaccinated and bringing the pandemic to an end. Pfizer Inc. submitted data to the FDA to support storage of undiluted, thawed vials of its COVID-19 vaccine for up to one month at refrigerator temperatures. This change should make this vaccine more widely available to the American public by facilitating the ability of vaccine providers, such as community doctors’ offices, to receive, store and administer the vaccine,” – said Peter Marks, M.D., Ph.D., director of the FDA’s Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. | <urn:uuid:ebd50163-890a-47b9-9efd-3d3c06f639d0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pharmacy-near-me.com/news/2021/05/20/longer-time-for-refrigerator-storage-of-pfizer-biontech-vaccine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00079.warc.gz | en | 0.936361 | 785 | 2.578125 | 3 |
“As a relative newcomer to Liverpool, what is instantly apparent is the pride the city takes in its history and cultural heritage. As well as the numerous wonderful museums and galleries, the streets themselves celebrate the city, telling the story of its past, its people and an entrepreneurial spirit. Its statues are not all rich men with dubious colonial pasts, but celebrations of artists, musicians and entertainers, with Michelangelo and Ken Dodd given equal billing. Its public artworks are not niche and hidden away, but accessible and take centre stage.
Works such as the Liverpool Mountain, the Superlambananas and A Case History are playful and tactile, encouraging interaction. With each step, the architecture shifts to create a new viewfinder through which a fresh aspect of beauty, curiosity and intriguing juxtaposition can be seen – a magnificent neo-classical concert hall beneath a space-age radio transmitter; a contemporary light installation on a Victorian pumping station; an Op art dazzle ship in a historic dock, whilst the world’s most famous band stroll the promenade in the shadow of an art deco masterpiece. For my design, I chose locations that represent this fascinating mix of architecture, art, music and proud history.
Aesthetically, the style is influenced by another of the city’s confluence of cultures – the abstract geometric patterns of Raphael Seitz’s stained glass panels that surround the Metropolitan Cathedral. The colour scheme borrows from the Liverpool Mountain central to the design, with a nod to sixties psychedelia – particularly The Beatles’ Yellow Submarine. By incorporating and binding these elements, I hoped to evoke the eclectic range of cultures, styles and ideas that work together to create this vibrant and captivating city that I love.” | <urn:uuid:620a460b-5248-4952-a6e3-a4173afbeabd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dot-art.co.uk/product/radiant-city-ian-parks/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00079.warc.gz | en | 0.88741 | 362 | 1.5 | 2 |
After a long day of standing up or walking around or maybe you are not wearing comfortable shoes, your feet get swollen and it won’t let you sleep peacefully at night. Having a foot massage will help you relax. But it is more beneficial rather than just relaxing and relieving your pain.
As you are living in London, you see a lot of massage centers near your premises – all promise certain health benefits.
Traditional therapeutic techniques usually focus on relaxing the muscles and joints, however, getting a Foot Massage London will help you improve your overall health by acting upon specific pressure points, for instance, aromatherapy with relaxing music and using scented oils relaxes you by acting on multiple senses. While reflexology helps you improve internal organ function by massaging specific areas of the foot.
In our days, when we are usually inactive, we become unaccustomed to using our muscles on a regular basis. The muscle of your feet hardly gets any exercise and circulation is not proper as we are usually wearing tight and uncomfortable shoes.
Having a massage for 10-20 minutes improves your blood circulation. This especially increases circulation in the lower extremities that are really fruitful for people suffering from diabetes.
Helps Prevent Foot and Ankle Injuries:
Having a massaging foot eases your joint pain and speed up recovery after an injury. It also reduces muscle soreness. However, by combining massage with foot & ankle strengthening exercises and stretching it speed up recovery of existing injuries as well as prevent future injuries. Having a session of 3-5 times a week makes you sure that you minimize the risk of injury. We all have some moments of awkwardness, but a flexible and strengthened foot & ankle ensures that we can avoid unpleasant injuries.
Reduces the Effects Of Depression And Anxiety:
Having a foot massage relaxes you and it takes your worries and stresses away. It has been concluded from various researches that foot massage goes beyond simply putting people in a relaxed state for the duration of the massage.
Lowers Blood Pressure:
Nowadays, a lot of people are facing the problems of high blood pressure. This is caused by a number of reasons such as; unhealthy diet or stress. Sometimes, it has no significant reason and it is believed that it results from certain environmental factors or maybe because of genetics.
A research conducted on healthcare staff with the old people suffering from dementia demonstrates that a ten-minute foot massage session up to 3 times a week reduces your anxiety, improves your mood and lowers your blood pressure. | <urn:uuid:b325e7c8-06b1-4f29-8654-1a3f59fea68e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lifecares.org/health/foot-massage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.946624 | 518 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Who Is Joan Baez?
Joan Baez first became known to the wider public as a distinctive folk singer after performing at the 1959 Newport Folk Festival. After releasing her debut album in 1960, she became known for topical songs promoting social justice, civil rights and pacifism. Baez also played a critical role in popularizing Bob Dylan, with whom she dated and performed regularly in the mid-1960s. Baez's most popular songs over the years have included "We Shall Overcome," "It's All Over Now Baby Blue," "The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down" and "Diamonds and Rust." With an enduring career, she has continued to record and perform into the 2000s.
Background and Early Career
Joan Baez was born on January 9, 1941, in Staten Island, New York, in a Quaker household, her family eventually relocating to the Southern California area. Of Mexican and Scottish descent, Baez was no stranger to racism and discrimination. But that did not stop her from pursuing her natural musical talents. She became a vocalist in the folk tradition and was a crucial part of the music genre's commercial rebirth in the 1960s, devoting herself to the guitar in the mid-1950s.
Two years after her family moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts so that her professorial father could join the faculty of MIT, Baez enrolled at Boston University’s theater school, greatly disliking the experience and flunking her courses. She eventually delved into the city's burgeoning folk scene, later citing artists like Harry Belafonte, Odetta (Baez referred to the singer as her “goddess” in a 1983 Rolling Stone interview) and Pete Seeger as major influences. Soon Baez became a regular performer at local clubs and eventually got her big break via an appearance at the 1959 Newport Folk Festival, invited onstage by singer/guitarist Bob Gibson.
Debut and Bob Dylan
In 1960 Baez released her self-titled debut album on Vanguard Records, featuring tracks like “House of the Rising Sun” and “Mary Hamilton.” Baez became renowned for her distinctive voice while receiving press billing that she would see as evoking the Virgin Mary/Madonna archetype. She released several albums during the first half of the decade, followed by more studio outings like Farewell, Angelina (1965) and Noel (1966).
Not long after her debut dropped, she met the then-unknown singer/songwriter Bob Dylan. Baez was a pivotal force in helping Dylan gain access to the thriving folk scene; in turn, performing his songs gave her a form of artistic expression that synced with her hands-on activism. The duo had a romantic relationship for a time, though the union had reached its end by the 1965 tour, which resulted in Dylan refusing to invite Baez onstage. (He later apologized for his behavior.)
The 1960s were a turbulent time in American history, and Baez often used her music to express her social and political views. Baez thus became an established, revered folk artist who used her voice for widespread change. She sang "We Shall Overcome" at the March on Washington in 1963 that featured the iconic words and leadership of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. A revered anthem of the Civil Rights Movement, “We Shall Overcome” also became a top 40 hit for Baez in the U.K. in 1965. She achieved her first top 10 single in Great Britain later that year with “There But for Fortune,” also finding success with the Dylan-penned tune “It’s All Over Now Baby Blue.”
In addition to supporting civil rights as an artist and worker, Baez participated in university free-speech efforts led by students and the antiwar movement, calling for an end to the conflict in Vietnam. Beginning in 1964, she would refuse to pay part of her taxes to protest U.S. military spending for a decade. Baez was also arrested twice in 1967 in Oakland, California, for blocking an armed forces induction center.
Broader Success in the '70s
Baez continued to be active politically and musically in the 1970s. She helped establish the west coast branch of Amnesty International, a human rights organization, and released numerous albums, signing with A&M and branching out beyond folk. The decade also brought Baez big chart success with a remake of the Band’s “The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down,” which in 1971 became a top 10 hit in the U.K. and a top 5 hit in the U.S.
In 1975, Baez released the acclaimed Diamonds & Rust, which featured the top 40 title track that delved into her relationship with Dylan. The album also offered other songs penned by Baez like “Winds of the Old Days” and the Joni Mitchell-duet “Dida” as well as a remake of a Stevie Wonder tune, “Never Dreamed You’d Leave in Summer.” She rounded out the decade with Gulf Winds (1976), Blowin’ Away (1977) and Honest Lullaby (1979).
Recording Into the New Millennium
While the ‘80s and ‘90s were a time where Baez reflected on her place in a trendy musical landscape that often didn’t honor folk, she nonetheless continued to perform at benefits and fundraisers for social and political causes around the world. She also maintained her recording output with albums like Speaking of Dreams (1989) and Ring Them Bells (1995). Her first album of the new millennium was 2003’s Dark Chords on a Big Guitar, followed up by a collection of live tracks in 2005 on Bowery Songs, featuring tracks by Dylan and Woody Guthrie as well as traditional folk. Baez was honored with a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2007. Baez released Day After Tomorrow, her 24th studio album, in 2008, with the project produced by Steve Earle.
In January 2016, Baez hosted a concert at New York’s Beacon Theatre in honor of her 75th birthday, with an array of guests like Judy Collins, David Crosby, Mary Chapin Carpenter, Jackson Browne, the Indigo Girls and Paul Simon. The event was released as an album later in the year.
Baez wed David Harris in 1968, and the two had a son, Gabriel. Harris was at the forefront of protests against the Vietnam War draft, and was jailed for some time for refusing to be drafted. The couple divorced in 1972 a few months after Harris’ release.
A regular meditator, Baez has openly spoken of her dating history and went into psychotherapy for years to grapple with issues around focused relationships. “I was terrified of any intimacy. That’s why 5,000 people suited me just fine,” Baez said in a 2009 Telegraph interview. “But one-on-one, it was either completely transient—after the concert and be gone next day, and then my participation would make me sick—or it was something that I thought was real but just turned out to be heartbreaking.” Baez, having been romantically linked to Mickey Hart and for a short time to Kris Kristofferson and Steve Jobs, has increasingly made peace with her relationship history.
Baez has released the memoirs Daybreak (1968) and A Voice to Sing With (1987). In 2009, PBS also released an American Masters documentary on Baez’s life, How Sweet the Sound.
We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! | <urn:uuid:0c6a9d0a-66e5-458a-9e5b-618590170c9e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.biography.com/musician/joan-baez | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.974934 | 1,601 | 2.203125 | 2 |
The Five Bells Public House Cople
Five Bells 1960 [Z53/33/2]
Five Bells Public House, 1 Northill Road, Cople.
Now the only public house in the Cople, a license was first granted to the Five Bells in 1750 [according to the 1876 Return of Licensed Premises], however, there is some question of its actual operation as a public house consistently throughout that time. There are no beer sellers listed in the Russell map reference books other than the Crown. It is possible that the 1876 Licensed Premises register was just plain wrong, or that they had got their reference or records muddled with another Five Bells, or else that there was indeed a hiatus in its operation as a public house.
In 1876, the occupier was Eliza Smith, owner the Duke of Bedford. It may be possible to trace the tenancy of The Five Bells through its changes by using the surviving rentals from the Cople estate in the Russell papers [in subseries R5]. The Duke sold the Five Bells to George and Arthur James Keeble in 1902 and, later in the year, they in turn sold it to Bedford brewers Higgins and Sons Limited, the conveyance being effected in 1903.
The Five Bells Inn was described in the 1902 estate sale catalogue as Lot 8: "A valuable Fully Licensed Public House known as “The Five Bells Inn” situated in the centre of the Village, facing Cardington Road, now in the occupation of Mr. Edwin Smith, containing Bar, Tap Room, Parlour, Club Room, Kitchen, Cellar, 5 Bedrooms, &c., with convenient Premises, including Stable for 2 Horses, Loose Box, Chaff House, Cow Shed, Coach House, Carpenter’s Shop, Cart Shed, Coal Place, Pigstyes and Yard, and a Pasture Close adjoining, having a Building Frontage of about 115 feet to the Village street, containing in whole by Ordnance Survey 5 acres 0 roods 14 perches".
In 1927 the dwellings of Cople were value under the Rating Valuation Act 1925; every building and piece of land in the country was assessed to determine the rates to be paid on it. The valuer visiting the Five Bells noted [DV1/C49/37-38] that it was a Higgins and Sons Limited house with the tenant S.Nicholls. It was a thatched premises standing in 1.122 acres. It comprised a lounge, tap room, smoke room, cellar, living room, scullery and, upstairs, four bedrooms, a boxroom and a loft. Trade was £1,746 in 1926/7 ("saw balance sheet") of which £400 was tobacco. Outside were a carpenter's shop, a store place, paint shop, granary, stable for two horses, a chaff house, trap house, coal barn, a two bay hovel, office, four loose boxes and three builders' sheds. The valuer commented: "Personal trade" and "V.nice man, personality".
In that year Higgins and Sons Limited was taken over by Biggleswade brewers Wells and Winch Limited. They, in turn were taken over by Suffolk brewers Greene King in 1961.
The former Department of Environment listed the Five Bells as Grade II, of special interest, considering it a 17th century building. It is constructed of colour-washed rough-cast over a timber frame with a clay tile roof. It has a four room plan with a single bay addition to the south gable end and has two storeys. It has 19th century and 20th century additions to the rear.
Five Bells February 2008
- CLP13: register of alehouse licences: 1822-1828;
- PSB1/1: alehouse licences: 1829-1834;
- Bedfordshire Times: licence transferred at Bedford Petty Sessions: 9th October 1852;
- GK78/2: abstract of title of the Duke of Bedford to land, including Five Bells: 1861-1902;
- R Box 55, Vol. 7 Bun. D.D: sale of Duke of Bedford's estates in Cople: 1863-1902
- RR15/21 and GK78/1: Cople state sale catalogue, including Five Bells: 1902;
- GK78/3: abstract of title of George and Arthur James Keeble to freehold land: 1902;
- GK78/4: Five Bells conveyed by George and Arthur James Keeble to Higgins and Sons Limited: 1903;
- GK4/6: schedule of deeds: 1903;
- PSB9/1: Register of Alehouse Licences - Bedford Petty Sessional Division: 1903-1935
- RDBP1/1004 plan for alteration 1926;
- Z1169/8/23/3 alteration plans 1926;
- BTNegOB39/8a-c photo 1931;
- GK297/1: conveyance of premises by Higgins and Sons Limited to Wells and Winch Limited: 1931;
- BTNegW2157: Bedfordshire Times negative looking east towards the Five Bells public house with the church and cottages on the left hand side of the road: about 1935;
- GK78/5: tithe redemption papers: 1940;
- RDBP3/319 plans for drainage 1942;
- PSB9/2: register of licenses: c.1955-1995;
- Z53/33/2 photograph: 1960;
- PSBW8/3: Register of Alehouse Licences - Biggleswade and North Bedfordshire Petty Sessional Divisions: 1976-1980;
- BorB/TP/90/1142/LB plans for extensions & alterations 1990;
- Z1205/182: taped reminiscences of former landlady: 2002
List of Licensees:
Note that this is not a complete list; entries in italics refer to licensees where either beginning or end, or both, dates are not known:
1822-1852: Robert Smith (also carpenter and joiner);
1852: Ann Maria Smith
1864-1876: Mrs Eliza Smith;
1879-1903: Edwin Smith
1903-1904: Thomas Albert Thorpe;
1904-1930: Samuel Nicholls;
1930-1936: George Edmund Church
1940-1945:Arthur Dennis Robinson
1964-1966: Colin Bramwell Jenkins;
1966-1973: William Walter Gwin;
1973-1991: Terrance Robert Henderson;
1991-1995: Kathleen Henderson | <urn:uuid:61d509ca-1006-4969-85d4-f7bc7ff8b132> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bedsarchives.bedford.gov.uk/CommunityHistories/Cople/FiveBellsPublicHouse.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.926293 | 1,404 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Other available languages: none
Vice-President of the European Commission responsible for the Digital Agenda
Using ICT to build Sustainable Cities
Smart Energy & Sustainable ICT Conference
Brussels, 3 May 2012
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Today in Europe, we face enormous challenges. In a time of climate change, the challenge of managing energy resources. In a time of economic crisis, the challenge of doing things more efficiently.
But we also have one great opportunity: the amazing power of new information and communications technology. And today I would like to talk to you about how such ICT systems can help achieve our energy and climate goals. Particularly in our cities, where 70% of energy consumption happens.
There are three things in particular I'd like to talk about today. About how ICT can make our world smarter, work better together with other sectors like energy and transport, and how the ICT sector itself can cut its own carbon footprint.
But first, let me remind you how ICT can help us smarten up our cities and our electricity networks.
With smarter cities, we could cut resource use; put easy-to-use tools into everyone's hands; and improve quality of life.
Imagine innovations like street lights that know when there's people around - and adjust accordingly. Home heating systems that respond to their environment, and that you can control remotely. Electric vehicles that are fully integrated with the grid. And better information, empowering people to take smart, green decisions in everything they do.
That's the kind of smart world ICT can deliver.
ICT can also give us a smarter two-directional power grid, especially at the retail level: getting real-time information on time and quantity of energy consumption; and allowing households to become energy suppliers to the grid.
This would be enabled: first, by existing communications infrastructure building links across the energy distribution chain; second, by advanced control of the grid; and third, by decentralised energy storage.
In short, we can do a lot to cut carbon. And make it much easier for people to choose more sustainable lifestyles.
The second thing we need to see more of is for the different sectors - ICT, transport and energy - to work together. By breaking through sectoral barriers, we can find ways to collaborate: on infrastructure, on services, on business models.
There are many synergies between these sectors waiting to be exploited.
For instance, telecoms companies have great expertise in billing and pricing. It's easy to see how that knowledge can help other utilities improve their performance in this area. Also, those businesses with expertise in processing real–time, huge quantities of data can offer tremendous value to the roll out and management of smart grids.
But synergies also exist in more down-to-earth areas - like rolling out infrastructure. Often different networks - energy, telecoms, water and transport - needlessly duplicate "passive infrastructure": things like ducts for carrying cables.
That's a waste! If we got better at planning, allowing access, re-use and sharing of those assets, then everyone could save. Most importantly, it could cut the cost of new high-speed broadband networks. Remember that, without those networks, we couldn't get started on smart grids or smart cities in the first place!
The convergence of formerly distinct sectors is an irreversible trend, with many opportunities for new businesses and services. Those who acknowledge this and think ahead will be the winners of tomorrow. Stagnation is simply not an option.
So it is in all our interests to make this convergence easier.
The European Council has asked us to look at measures to exploit these synergies. I hope you'll join in the consultation we just launched, ahead of a proposal by early next year.
And let me be clear about my intentions. As you might be aware, I do not believe in defending anti-competitive behaviour. I do believe in removing barriers to new market entrants.
And the third thing ICT can do is to itself become a greener sector. ICT already consumes 8 to 10% of the EU's electricity and by 2020 that may double; with data centres in Western Europe consuming up to 100 billion kilowatt hours a year. That's more or less the total electricity consumption of The Netherlands.
To better understand and manage these impacts, we need to agree on a way to measure them. Together with leading standards organisations we have now agreed common, transparent standards for measuring ICT's environmental footprint. I am very pleased that many companies are now "road testing" these standards in real life. With an agreed standard it will be possible to improve the industry's performance based on sound evidence.
Having said all this, I am aware how difficult it is to change entrenched systems and bring smart ideas to market. The Commission is willing and able to provide financial support, as well as identify and address regulatory barriers.
To give a strong signal, along with my fellow Commissioners Siim Kallas and Guenther Oettinger, we are developing a Smart Cities and Communities Initiative, which will be launched in July. The Partnership will work on those bottlenecks, pool the Commission's resources, and trigger cooperation between public and private actors, and between energy, transport and ICT sectors. And indeed I hope many of you will be actively involved.
Ladies and gentlemen,
Europe faces many economic challenges right now. But there are bright spots on the horizon: and for me, none is brighter than the potential of ICT. Let's get Europe smart tools that deliver for the environment, deliver for our citizens, and deliver for our economy. | <urn:uuid:84bee5da-e4b5-4051-a811-e89a648ccf00> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_SPEECH-12-320_en.htm?locale=en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00143-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943298 | 1,153 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Did Lincoln Own Slaves?
And Other Frequently Asked Questions About Abraham Lincoln Library ed [CD-Audio/MP3 Edition]
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Did Lincoln Own Slaves? by Gerald J. Prokopowicz
Book DescriptionOur most revered president gets a unique and uniquely engaging biography fashioned from the answers to the most frequent-and most unusual and surprising-questions asked about Abraham Lincoln. What kind of law did Lincoln practice? Did he imprison his political enemies? What was it in his youth that put him on the path to greatness? These are some of the hundreds of questions that Gerald J. Prokopowicz was asked most often during the nine years he served as scholar-in-residence at the Lincoln Museum in Fort Wayne, Indiana. In this book, he organizes the questions along the timeline of Lincoln's life to give us a portrait of the sixteenth president unlike any we have had before. The questions range far and wide in subject matter and seriousness. Some are inspired by recent reinterpretations of Lincoln's actions (Was he a racist?), and some delve into what previous generations considered inappropriate (Was he gay?). Some are products of scholarly investigation (If he were alive today, could he get elected?), and others of idle curiosity (What were his favorite foods?). Some are drawn from today's headlines (Did his presidential actions violate the Constitution?) , and others from today's tabloids (Did doctors really raise him from the dead?). Prokopowicz's authoritative, often surprising responses illuminate facets of Abraham Lincoln's life, work, and legacy about which people remain endlesly curious. Eminently readable, informative, and entertaining.
Buy Did Lincoln Own Slaves? book by Gerald J. Prokopowicz from Australia's Online Bookstore, Boomerang Books.
Book DetailsISBN: 9781400136162
(165mm x 172mm x 24mm)
Imprint: Tantor Media, Inc
Publisher: Tantor Media, Inc
Publish Date: 22-Jan-2008
Country of Publication: United States
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Author Biography - Gerald J. Prokopowicz
Gerald J. Prokopowicz teaches American and public history at East Carolina University and is the author of "All for the Regiment: The Army of the Ohio, 1861-1862." Norman Dietz, a writer, an actor, and a solo performer, has recorded over 150 audiobooks, many of which have earned him awards from "AudioFile" magazine, the ALA, and "Publishers Weekly." Additionally, "AudioFile" named Norman one of the Best Voices of the Century.
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Multifamily residential buildings provide both privacy and community. Privacy, because a recluse in New York City can have almost anything delivered to his door and thus never have to leave the sanctuary of his apartment; and community, because a single retiree in an active adult community in Palm Beach can enjoy the company of his or her peers, as well as the benefits of supportive services and social activities. Population density is what makes co-ops, HOAs and condos ideal living spaces for anyone—including, and perhaps especially, the most vulnerable residents.
Whether we’re talking day-to-day safety or emergency planning, most buildings and HOAs have something on the books to address both standard operating procedures and things like alerts and evacuations. And that’s great if you’re a relatively young, able-bodied resident — but what if you, or a loved one or neighbor, are elderly, or live with a mental or physical handicap, or are a kid with working parents who takes care of younger siblings? Who looks out for the safety of these folks, and makes sure they’re accounted for should a fire, power outage, or other emergency arise? How can boards, managing agents, and residents promote the safety and security of the more vulnerable members of their community, both day-to-day and in emergency situations? What happens during a major weather event? Or an electrical blackout, when power goes off for 24 hours or more?
First, let’s examine who the “vulnerable residents” really are. According to Allan B. Fraser, senior building code specialist at the National Fire Protection Association, generally speaking, there are five categories of disability: lack of mobility, impaired vision, deafness or impaired hearing, speech disorders or inabilities, and cognitive disabilities. Each of these categories represents a different challenge when it comes to managing emergency situations.
“Folks with mobility disabilities use one or more devices — things like canes, crutches, manually-operated wheelchairs, scooters — whatever they need to maneuver through their environment,” Fraser explains. Anyone who has difficulty walking — or indeed, is even extremely uncoordinated — is considered disabled in this way for our purposes. “A mobility disability can be an issue with any part of a body. Maybe you can’t open doors, or you can’t go down stairs, you can’t press keypads, whatever that might be.”
An important consideration here is that not all mobility issues are obvious to the eye. Fraser himself mentions this when he gives lectures on the subject. “I played hockey in high school and college and have had operations on both knees,” he says. “So if I had to run down 10 or 12 flights of stairs in a hotel, I couldn’t run. It might take me too long — and you can’t see that. I also happen to be Type II diabetic as I’ve gotten older, and what else you can’t see is I had heart surgery in 2007 and I’ve got two stents in my heart.” In his case — and there are many, many more like him — someone who looks perfectly able to walk down 70 flights of stairs may have extreme difficulty doing so.
“When you get into blindness or low vision, that includes people with partial or total vision loss,” Fraser says. “Some people with this disability can distinguish light and dark, sharply contrasting colors, and very large print, but can’t read small print and have trouble negotiating dimly lit spaces, or tolerating hard glare.”
“Many people who are blind depend on their sense of touch and their sense of hearing to perceive their environment, what’s around them,” Fraser continuess. “There’s a risk that a person with a visual impairment could miss a visual cue such as a new obstruction that occurred during the event that could affect egress, so if something falls off a wall of a building or gets moved because of an earthquake, they’re not going to see it.”
Less dramatically, there’s also the possibility that a visually challenged resident will not be able to read certain handouts. “If you’re handing out information, it needs to be in multiple formats. So you can’t hand someone an 8 ½” x 11” piece of paper with 12-point font on it and say, ‘Well, now, I gave this to all the residents.’ It needs to be available in large print, and probably in Braille.”
This category includes the deaf, and also those with partial hearing. The latter often use a combination of lip-reading and hearing aids to understand spoken communication; both of these are often disrupted during emergencies.
“If you’ve got fire alarms going off, you’ve got sirens going off, it can seriously affect whatever hearing they have,” Fraser says. “People who are deaf or hard of hearing must rely on reading for information, and must be able to clearly see the face of the person who’s speaking if they’re lip-reading. Those who use sign language—and, by the way, American Sign Language is the third most common language in this country, behind English and Spanish!—so people who are hard of hearing or deaf may have difficulty understanding oral communication or receiving notifications by equipment that is exclusively auditory, such as telephones, fire alarms, or public distress systems.”
Let’s say the building is being evacuated because of an earthquake. If the super gestures to his left and says, “Don’t go that way,” how will this be interpreted by a deaf person? “People who are more visual than they are auditory, that’s the way they’re likely going to go, even though I said don’t go that way,” Fraser says. The messages have to be phrased to avoid negatives.
Speech and Cognitive Impairments
Obviously, a speech disability would not hamper a person’s ability to shimmy out a fire escape, or quickly descend ten flights of stairs. But a speech impairment is still relevant to this discussion.
“One example that’s very clear is telephones in an elevator,” Fraser says. “Say the elevator gets jammed, the person gets stuck, they pick up that phone and can’t tell anybody what’s going on. So that can be an issue.”
Cognitive impairments, Fraser explains, can be caused by a wide range of conditions, including but not limited to: developmental disabilities, multiple sclerosis, depression, alcoholism, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, traumatic brain injury, chronic fatigue, stroke, and some psychiatric conditions. “All result in the decrease in ability to process and understand information,” he says. “They impair a person from accessing building features due to the inability to process and understand the information necessary to use those features.”
So how to plan for everyone in your building—regardless of age or physical limitation?
“One of the things I say that should be done is emergency contacts,” says Susan Birenbaum, founder of Humanitude, a national organization that deals with issues for seniors. “Every building should have a list of emergency contacts for individuals — and on this list should be an indicator of whether people need emergency assistance. Whether there’s a need for a wheelchair, or if they have young children or older adults, or children with special needs. Everyone should be aware of this, and everyone should have this list.”
The New York City Office of Emergency Management (NYC-OEM), the governing body in times of crisis like Hurricane Sandy, suggests making a personal emergency plan. First, pick “buddies” who will help you, as you will help them, during a potential emergency. “Don’t go through an emergency alone. Ask at least two people to be in your emergency support network — family members, friends, neighbors, caregivers, coworkers, or members of community groups. Remember, you can help and provide comfort to each other in emergencies.”
Second, write down instructions. “Pre-written cards or text messages can help you share information with your support network or emergency responders during a stressful or uncomfortable situation. You may not have much time to get your message across,” according to OEM. “Phrases can include: I may have difficulty understanding what you are telling me. Please speak slowly and use simple language or pictures. I use a device to communicate. I am deaf and use American Sign Language. Please write down directions. I speak [insert language below].”
Also prudent, OEM says, is to pick a meeting place; pack a “go-bag” with important documents, medicines, water, and your passport; and know where you could stay both in and out of the city, in case of evacuation.
Boards and HOAs can take the lead in having emergency contact lists, making sure vulnerable residents are accounted for during an emergency, and so on. Residents, too, can help.
“The former chair of our disability committee,” Fraser recalls, “used a wheelchair more than half his life, and he always said, ‘All people, regardless of their circumstances, have some obligation to be prepared to take action during an emergency and to assume responsibility for their own safety.’ The right way is to go out and train people before a disaster occurs.”
Greg Olear is a freelance writer and novelist and a regular contributor to The Cooperator. | <urn:uuid:09266b86-b000-4ecc-9469-b44514eb6d51> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://cooperator.com/article/safety-at-any-age/full | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00053-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962052 | 2,041 | 2.15625 | 2 |
of the DGMK German Society for Petroleum and Coal Science and
was established in 1991. It is the German scientific organization of
in petrochemistry from the industry as well as from the academia. The
of DGMK Petrochemistry Division is to promote and advance science,
and continuing education in petrochemistry and related areas.
Petrochemistry Division is organizing international conferences on
topics. A growing number of conferences is organized in association
other societies like DECHEMA or associated European petroleum societies
like AFTP (France), ÖGEW (Austria) or SCI (Italy).
has 420 members (as at 31.12.2015) | <urn:uuid:0d17589c-5ec0-4ac7-be95-15d54fcb4f3e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dgmk.de/petrochemistry/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00429-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.878143 | 141 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Matt's Past SAT/ACT News Update:
Nov 01, 2018
The College Board has released the 2018 SAT testing report. The number of students in the class of 2018 taking the SAT (including overseas students) rose to 2,136,539, up from 1,715,481 for the class of 2017. This represents an increase of 24.5%, and a jump of 421,058 students. Recent statewide contract wins for the SAT in Michigan, Illinois, Colorado, West Virginia are a large part of the increase, as are the number of school districts now participating in SAT School Day. Participants in SAT School Day rose 70%, from 460,000 in the class of 2017 to 780,000 in the class of 2018.
The College Board includes overseas testers in its testing report numbers, while the ACT does not. I would estimate the number of overseas testers in the class of 2018 at about 145,000, which would make the number of US students from the class of 2018 tested on the SAT at a shade under 2 million, versus 1.915 million for the ACT.
The average SAT score among the class of 2018 rose to 1068, up slightly from 1060 for the class of 2017.
The College Board release is here.
More statistics are available at this SAT program results page.
The SAT Total Group Report for 2018 (pdf) is here.
Scott Jaschik of Inside Higher Ed looks at the SAT results in this article.
The College Board noted that it has worked to make free services available to help people prepare for the SAT. But Monica Noll, manager of teacher training at Kaplan Test Prep, offered a related theory via email: "The Class of 2017 was the first class to go through the new SAT and understandably had fewer new resources available, less time with the new content, and were making big decisions on when to test. Members of the Class of 2018 had more time and more resources available to prepare. There was an increased level of comfort because of this. Second, unlike members of the Class of 2017, who could either choose to take the old SAT or new SAT, members of the Class of 2018 had no such choice -- they could only take the new SAT. This allowed them to singularly focus."
This year 68 percent of those who took the SAT also took the essay portion. As more and more colleges have dropped the SAT essay as a requirement, many have questioned why students should be put through the stress of preparing for and taking the essay test.
The average combined score of the mathematics and evidence-based reading and writing sections of the SAT of Asian Americans was 1223, up 42 points. That gain was far larger than those of other groups. Asian Americans now make up 10 percent of test takers, up from 9 percent a year ago. The results come at a time of increased scrutiny over the use of test scores in college admissions, and of trends showing that some groups, on average, earn much better scores than do others.
Education Week has a detailed article regarding the SAT report here.
The 2018 SAT scores showed that only 47 percent of students met both the math and reading college readiness benchmark. According to the College Board, "students who meet these benchmarks have a 75 percent likelihood of earning a C or better in a related introductory, credit-bearing college course." The percentage of students meeting the benchmark is up only 1 percentage point from last year.
It's difficult to compare year-over-year results because the SAT has seen significant changes in its testing population, said Jane Dapkus, vice president of college readiness assessment for the College Board in a press briefing on Wednesday.
It's also the first year that all students took the redesigned SAT, which debuted in March 2016. Last year only 93 percent took the new SAT.
While it's hard now to conclude anything from the results because it's only the second year of the new test, and the testing population has changed, Cyndie Schmeiser, a senior adviser to David Coleman, the College Board president, said that the testing population will stabilize over time.
The increase in average scores can also be attributed to the fact that the new SAT is "so aligned" to what's happening in the classroom, she added.
"In time, we will see changes that are true reflection in students improving their readiness over time," Schmeiser said.
The number of students who took the now-optional essay is down 2 percent from last year.
Akil Bello, an independent educational consultant based in New York City, characterized the decline as a "positive thing," and a trend "worth watching," because fewer colleges are requiring the essay. Students shouldn't be spending time and money on something that's "unnecessary," he said.
Nick Anderson of the Washington Post weighs in on the 2018 SAT report here.
Scores on college admission tests for the Class of 2018 are sending warning signs about math achievement in the nation’s high schools.
Forty-nine percent of students in this year’s graduating class who took the SAT received a math score indicating they had a strong chance of earning at least a C in a college-level math class, according to data made public Thursday. That was significantly lower than on the reading and writing portion of the tests: 70 percent of SAT-takers reached a similar benchmark in that area.
Math readiness among some groups was far lower than the average — 23 percent for African Americans and 33 percent for Latino students.
Among those who took the ACT, the share showing readiness for college-level math fell to the lowest level in 14 years — 40 percent. That was down from a recent high of 46 percent, according to ACT data made public last week.
Taken together, the results point to a major challenge for educators.
Forbes chimes in on the recent SAT testing report, with a long-time teacher offering Six Reasons Not To Get Excited About The New SAT Scores.
US News & World Report has published an article focusing on the growth of test optional policies among US colleges and universities, ranging from the first such policy adoption by Bowdoin in 1969 to the recent (and surprising) announcement from the University of Chicago.
"There seems to be a movement afoot," says Whitney Soule, dean of admissions and student aid at Bowdoin College, the private liberal arts school in Brunswick, Maine, which was the first to make college entrance exams optional 50 years ago.
"What's important about this is that there's a difference in making it optional and eliminating it as a piece of material," she says. "When the test scores are present, we use them. We don't disregard them. But what we're signaling to students is that we feel for the way we do our work at Bowdoin, what we're looking for, that we can make a very solid predictive academic assessment on the materials we require."
Bowdoin requires two essays, a school transcript, two teacher evaluations and a recommendation from a college counselor.
"By being test-optional we're not taking a position on testing," Soule stresses. "We are taking a position on how we use testing in our process."
Soule says she's been fielding phone calls from admissions officers at other schools asking how they might best prepare for a change in their applicant pool if they decide to go the test-optional route.
"Any school admissions office has a responsibility to understand the value of the things they require. You need to understand what it's meant for, what you're using it for and if it's serving that purpose."
The University of Chicago is among the most recent crop of schools to announce this fall that it's making the ACT and SAT optional for students. The move drew a collective gasp from the higher education community as it's the first large, elite research institution – and one known for its rigorous quantitative academic programs, no less – to make the move.
"It's a tremendous legitimizer that even the most selective, big institutions, which are getting huge numbers of applicants and rejecting huge numbers of applicants, can do it," says Bob Schaeffer, the public education director at FairTest.
Admissions offices at about 40 additional colleges and universities are mulling the test-optional policy, Shaeffer says, including small, private schools as well as large public institutions. The higher education community is waiting with bated breath for the University of California system to wrap its evaluation of whether to go test-optional. Many view the system's decision as directing the fate of college entrance exams, since the schools have had an outsized influence on the tests in the past.
"Getting the UC system to adopt the SAT as a requirement was the key to making it a national test in the first place," Schaeffer says. "Were the UCs to eliminate the requirement, make it optional, that would be a very significant body blow. It's the biggest state just by raw numbers, and it's the premier public system."
A student in Kentucky received a shock upon opening a letter from ACT, Inc. which stated that her ACT scores of 26 and 28 had been canceled due to suspicions of cheating. The student has decided to take the ACT again. Either score can be re-instated if she scores within 3 points of that score. About 2,500 students have their ACT scores canceled each year, according to Prep Scholar.
It's supposed to be the most exciting time of this high school senior's life, but instead Abby Kuhnell, of Walton, spends every day stressed and praying her dream of someday becoming a teacher isn't about to be crushed.
"I just kind of stopped and then my heart dropped," Abby said. "I went in to my mom and she read it and I just started crying and breaking down because my score was gone."
She's talking about her ACT score. As a junior at Walton Verona, Abby posted a 26 and then scored a 28 the next time.
Combine that with her 3.76 GPA and her top college choice, Morehead State rewarded her with a nice financial four-year package of $32,000, almost a full ride.
Then came the infamous letter that arrived at the Kuhnell family home: ACT Security saying Abby's improvement from a 16 and 17 on the ACT as a sophomore to the 26 and 28 the next year was suspicious.
US News and World has made some changes to the metrics it employs to create its 2019 edition of the Best Colleges rankings.
U.S. News made significant changes to the ranking methodology for the 2019 edition of Best Colleges to place the greatest value on student outcomes, which account for 35 percent of the rankings – up from 30 percent last year. The 2019 methodology incorporates new social mobility indicators that measure how well schools succeed at enrolling and graduating students from low-income families.
U.S. News also dropped acceptance rate as a ranking indicator and reduced the weight of expert opinions, SAT/ACT scores and high school class standing.
US News has very slightly reduced the component contributed by SAT/ACT scores to its 100-point ranking metric, from 8.125% to 7.75%, and has eliminated the acceptance rate component, which previously contributed 1.25%.
EdSurge reports on a testing company that has recently received an additional $14.5 million in funding: A Test Worth Teaching To? How a College Dropout Plans to Replace the SAT and ACT
Rebecca Kantar is fighting an uphill battle. She says so herself.
The 26-year-old entrepreneur has set out to replace the standardized tests that are deeply entrenched in K-12 and higher education, like the SAT and ACT, and she tells EdSurge her efforts to do so are sure to spark controversy.
But if Kantar is fighting an uphill battle for Imbellus, the simulation-based assessment company she founded in 2016 and now manages, then a handful of venture capital firms are ready to fight it with her. On Wednesday, Imbellus announced it had raised $14.5 million in a Series A financing round led by Owl Ventures, bringing the company’s funding to-date to $23.5 million. Other investors include Upfront Ventures, Thrive Capital and Rethink Education.
Developed with learning science, psychometrics and artificial intelligence, Imbellus is a digital, scenario-based assessment set in the context of the natural world. Some scenarios play out underwater, for example, or in a forest. (The assessment excludes humans and man-made markers, such as shopping malls or hospitals, because those have proven to add bias.) Those who take the assessment must decipher complex patterns, solve problems and think analytically. Such skills—and others, like creativity and reasoning—are the ones employers actually care about, Kantar says.
So what about the schools? Elite colleges, like Kantar’s would-be alma mater, care whether and where their students get hired. They want them to be hired by elite employers. So if companies start to think their new hires are not prepared for the workforce and haven’t been taught the proper skills, then that college-to-career pipeline will begin to rupture. Employers will stop trusting schools to vet their candidates with metrics like the ACT, SAT and Advanced Placement (AP) exams. It’s already happening, surveys show. | <urn:uuid:067697b4-278d-4100-88a3-c21889c0ad70> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thetestdoc.org/articles/20 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.96799 | 2,793 | 1.632813 | 2 |
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- Orinda Upon Little Hector Phil... . Twice forty months of...
- La Solitude De St. Amant /La S...
Katherine Fowler was born on New Year's day, 1631 in London, England. Her father, John Fowler, was a Presbyterian merchant. Katherine was educated at one of the Hackney boarding-schools, where she became fluent in several languages. After the death of John Fowler, Katherine's mother married a Welshman, Hector Philips, and, in 1647, at the age of sixteen, Katherine was married to fifty-four-year old James Philips, Hector's son by his first wife.
In spite of the difference in their ages, there appears to have been little conflict between Katherine and James. What division there was, was political in nature: she was a Royalist; he supported Oliver Cromwell. This difference... more »
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Comments about Katherine Philips
Friendship's Mystery, To My Dearest Lucasia
COme, my Lucasia, since we see
That Miracles Mens faith do move,
By wonder and by prodigy
To the dull angry world let's prove
There's a Religion in our Love.
For though we were design'd t' agree,
That Fate no liberty destroyes,
But our Election is as free
As Angels, who with greedy choice
Are yet determin'd to their joyes.
Our hearts are doubled by the loss,
Here Mixture is Addition grown ;
We both diffuse, and both ingross :
And we whose minds are so much one,
Never, yet ever are ... | <urn:uuid:1eed501d-759b-4923-bd49-02d6c8e023f0> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.poemhunter.com/katherine-philips/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988725470.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183845-00075-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951488 | 414 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Only 1% of Swedish police callouts over last 100 days involved refugees – report
According to the new figures put together by Dagens Nyheter newspaper, police were called out to 537,466 incidents in Sweden between October 15, 2015 and the end of January 2016. Of those, only 5,000 incidents – less than 1 percent – involved refugees.
It comes amid reports of crimes being committed by asylum seekers at refugee centers for underage, unaccompanied minors throughout the country, as well as an alleged police cover-up regarding sex crimes by migrants at a music festival.
However, among the cases involving migrants and refugees that have been made public are some horrible assaults. A young woman who was a social worker at a center for underage unaccompanied refugees in southern Sweden was stabbed to death in late January. The crime was allegedly committed by a 15-year-old boy who the Swedish woman was taking care of. In a string of violence at the country's refugee facilities, workers at another home for refugee children had to barricade themselves inside a room after a crowd of young men attacked them with makeshift weapons.
The incidents involving migrants and refugees have sparked outrage and another wave of violence across Sweden - towards the newcomers. Following the killing of the social worker, dozens of masked men took to the streets of Stockholm and beat up anyone who did not appear to be an ethnic Swede. The rampage followed a rally of hundreds of people protesting against the presence of refugees in the North European country.
Despite the reports, Thomas Wallberg of the Swedish police's National Operations Department (NOA) stressed that the crime rate has not gone up significantly as a result of the new arrivals.
"The difference is that this community is compressed into a small space. When a crime is committed in this little space, the entire community easily becomes associated with it," he told the newspaper.
That sentiment was echoed by Felipe Estrada, a criminology professor at Stockholm University.
"Given the enormous attention that crime among new arrivals has been given in the past six months, 1 percent does not sound like a lot. It means that 99 percent of what the police do cannot be linked to new arrivals,” he said.
Swedish police have developed a special code, R291, for incidents involving refugees, allowing them to monitor how the influx of asylum seekers has affected the overall crime rate. The code was introduced in October, when as many as 10,000 refugees were registering in the country every week.
Home to 9.8 million people, Sweden accepted over 160,000 refugees and migrants in 2015 – the highest per capita number of all EU countries. However, the level of new arrivals has plunged since the beginning of January, when the country introduced systematic photo ID border checks, after stating that it had reached its limit in terms of receiving asylum seekers.
Meanwhile, Sweden is planning to deport up to 80,000 refugees after their asylum applications were rejected. | <urn:uuid:f6cb8148-c668-44dc-ab8e-fbdad4bd1274> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.rt.com/news/332043-swedish-police-refugees-crime/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00452-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980774 | 598 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Greetings! I’m Beverly Serrell, museum exhibition consultant, evaluator, and developer with Serrell & Associates in Chicago, Illinois. As a practitioner, I am very interested in finding helpful information to improve my practice in the planning, development, and assessment of exhibits. When the Building Informal Science Education (BISE) project invited me to look at their database and investigate a question of my choice, I was most curious about recommendations in summative evaluation reports. Did the advice, (e.g. recommendations or suggestions for improvements) compare to mine? Were there trends that could be shared and applied?
I started my report by looking at 50 summative evaluation studies in the BISE database that were coded as including “recommendations.” Further sorting brought the list down to 38—with a diverse selection of science disciplines, (e.g., botany, zoology, astronomy, biology, ecology, geology, and health sciences).
Lesson Learned: Orientation was often the single biggest challenge to get right in exhibitions. Using a bottom-up method of review, the issue that emerged as most common included the need for better orientation within an exhibition. Recommendations for improvements to orientation came from problems related to the various physical and psychological needs of museum visitors. Two other suggestions were closely tied to orientation: more clarity in conceptual communication and better delineation of exhibit boundaries. These recommendations and more are discussed and examples are given in my full report, “A Review of Recommendations in Exhibition Summative Evaluation Reports.”
Hot Tip: Criticism is about the work, and the work can always be improved. Whether to include a section on recommendation in an exhibitions summative evaluation is somewhat controversial. Some evaluators think that it is the client’s job––not the evaluators––to interpret the data, and that making recommendations for improvements can cast a negative light on the institution and hurt its reputation with funders. It is important for evaluators to make sure at the outset of a project that the client is eager to hear the thoughts of an experienced evaluator.
My advice for making recommendations in summative evaluation reports is to go ahead and make them. Without couching them in meek tones, be specific and give the context and evidence for why the recommendation is being made. Evaluation is recognized today as a valuable part of the process; it’s no longer us (evaluators) against them (designers, curators, etc.).
My favorite example of an exhibition report with numerous indicators of success and a balanced offering of practical suggestions for improvements is Sue Allen’s 2007 summative evaluation of “Secrets of Circles” at the San Jose Children’s Museum.
The American Evaluation Association is celebrating Building Informal Science Education (BISE) project week. The contributions all this week to aea365 come from members of the BISE project team. Do you have questions, concerns, kudos, or content to extend this aea365 contribution? Please add them in the comments section for this post on the aea365 webpage so that we may enrich our community of practice. Would you like to submit an aea365 Tip? Please send a note of interest to firstname.lastname@example.org. aea365 is sponsored by the American Evaluation Association and provides a Tip-a-Day by and for evaluators. | <urn:uuid:390a6eb7-36b1-4e59-832c-0f36528217eb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aea365.org/blog/bise-week-beverly-serrell-on-a-review-of-recommendations-in-exhibition-summative-evaluation-reports/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.942873 | 700 | 1.539063 | 2 |
The oyster trade worldwide is of huge commercial importance, and the demand for high quality oysters is rising all the time. With wild stocks depleted, the ever-increasing multi-million dollar oyster farming industry is serving this demand.Oyster Culture is a thorough review of the subject, providing a huge wealth of practical and commercially vital information of importance to all those involved in this expanding industry.Based on a lifetime's work in the industry, George Matthiessen has written a much-needed and comprehensive book covering all major aspects of the subject. The book covers the biology, distribution, husbandry and disease of cultured oysters and looks in detail at recent developments in oyster culture as well as considering the limits to oyster production. Separate chapters deal in detail with a) oyster culture in the Far East, the Indo-Pacific Region, Western Europe, North America and tropical areas and b) a history of production methods by a New England-based oyster company.This important book will be a vital tool and reference work for all those involved in the culture of oysters, including oyster farm managers and workers; biologists working on oysters and other bivalve shellfish and invertebrates; regulatory personnel and all those serving the industry, including personnel in aquaculture equipment and feed companies. Copies of the book should also be available in libraries of universities, research establishments and government laboratories where aquaculture is studied or taught.George C. Matthiessen PhD, has for 30 years been President of Ocean Pond Corporation, Fishers Island, New York, U.S.A. | <urn:uuid:7b7a8f8a-43b5-4311-841e-26373c886474> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://readrate.com/deu/books/oyster-culture | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00068-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94168 | 325 | 2.578125 | 3 |
VICTORIA - B.C.'s throne-speech commitment to develop an Off-reserve Aboriginal Action Plan (ORAAP) is on track and moving forward, according to the ORAAP 2012-13 Year-End Report, released today.
The report details progress to date toward reaching innovative solutions to address key socio-economic challenges facing British Columbia's Aboriginal people living off-reserve and in urban areas.
Key steps taken since the plan was announced in 2011 have included:
- A protocol agreement between the Province and the BC Association of Aboriginal Friendship Centres to collaborate on ORAAP.
- An agreement between the Province and the federal government outlining how they will collaboratively work together to support the off-reserve and urban Aboriginal population.
- A social innovation competition designed to generate innovative ideas that will have positive social impacts in off-reserve/urban Aboriginal communities.
- Implementation of five community pilots in Vancouver, Surrey, Prince George, Kamloops and Duncan, resulting in reports identifying community priorities, initiatives and next steps.
Minister of Aboriginal Relations and Reconciliation John Rustad -
"Achieving meaningful change for B.C.'s off-reserve community is a challenge, but it's clear that the Off-reserve Aboriginal Action Plan is moving us in the right direction."
"This report highlights the success of this approach, including the importance of community-driven processes that better meets the overall community needs."
To view the ORAAP 2012-13 Year-End Report, visit: http://www.gov.bc.ca/arr/reports/default.html
For more information about ORAAP, visit: http://www.newrelationship.gov.bc.ca/agreements_and_leg/other.html
Government Communications and Public Engagement
Ministry of Aboriginal Relations and Reconciliation | <urn:uuid:132bd818-a3e4-45dd-91cf-635dd64b7247> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://news.gov.bc.ca/stories/report-highlights-off-reserve-action-plan-progress | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00031-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.894832 | 386 | 1.65625 | 2 |
||A forensic system baselining, searching, and evidence collection tool. Its primary purpose is to gather and/or develop topographical information and attributes about specified directories and files in a manner conducive to integrity monitoring, intrusion detection, and forensic analysis.
||A compiler that creates event correlation engines (production systems) represented as a SQL-based Relational Database Management System (RDBMS).
||A simple expression language implemented as a library that can be embedded in other programs (e.g., FTimes).
||A static analysis framework that automates the process of extracting key characteristics from a number of different file formats and supports malware, intrusion, and forensic analysis.
||A library and PAM module for measuring and dynamically enforcing password complexity across enterprise users, focusing on the uniqueness of each user password's topology.
||A secure automation framework that can be used support arbitrary tasks on both UNIX and Windows clients, supporting encrypted and signed jobs and responses, large scale multi-tier deployments, etc.
||A MITM tool for WMI (135/tcp) and WSMan/WinRM (5985/tcp), used to capture NetNTLMv2 hashes in a Windows network. | <urn:uuid:1cbc4ca1-1578-453e-a616-253a4e04737a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://korelogic.com/tools.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.788241 | 338 | 1.992188 | 2 |
On April 24, People For the American Way and our civil rights allies called on Education Secretary Betsy DeVos and Senators Alexander and Murray to protect all students from discrimination. The groups sent letters to the secretary and the leaders of the Senate education committee urging them to uphold core American values as they consider the future leadership of the Education Department’s Office for Civil Rights. With the alarming appointment of Candice Jackson as acting head, we are concerned that this office is headed in a dangerous new direction.
In writing to Secretary DeVos, our groups outlined a clear set of criteria that the next civil rights chief must meet in order to fill the department’s core responsibility of ensuring equal access to education:
The choice of an individual to lead the Office for Civil Rights (OCR) is one of the most significant decisions you and the president will make with regard to the civil rights of the nation’s students. We urge you to nominate an individual to serve as Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights who has a track record of experience with a range of civil rights issues; has experience with and a commitment to remedying individual and systemic discrimination; is prepared to follow wherever the law and the facts lead; and believes that every student in elementary, secondary or postsecondary school has the right to learn and be treated with dignity without the burden of discrimination.
Then we urged Senators Alexander and Murray to fully vet any DeVos-Trump nominee for this critical role:
The Senate’s Health, Education, Labor and Pensions (HELP) Committee has a unique responsibility to ensure that the Department of Education faithfully and effectively implements and enforces federal laws, protects the interests of the nation’s students, and ensures individuals nominated to serve in the department are qualified and prepared to fulfill their duties and committed to upholding federal law and the Constitution. In the service of that responsibility, we urge that you demand a thorough and public vetting of nominees to serve as Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights.
OCR has a unique responsibility to enforce core nondiscrimination statutes in schools. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the Age Discrimination Act of 1975 and Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 prohibit discrimination in schools on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, disability and age. These laws were passed by Congress in response to the widespread denial of equal protection and equal opportunity by states, districts and schools. Although considerable progress has been made in the decades since these laws were passed, they continue to serve a vital function in the face of ongoing discrimination.
PFAW believes strongly that the Education Department and its Office for Civil Rights remain critical safeguards against discrimination in education, and we will work to ensure that Trump’s dangerous team doesn’t forget that. | <urn:uuid:ab94fd6e-0ce9-429b-98ce-f0dbb6ece0b2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pfaw.org/blog-posts/dear-betsy-rethink-your-approach-to-civil-rights/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.95505 | 579 | 1.835938 | 2 |
- An intake or fatigue valve, managed by springs and cameras, that plugs and unplugs its opening by axial movement.
- A valve (as in an inside burning engine) which is made of a sliding shaft with a disk regarding end (the disk becoming formed to alternatively connect and unplug a matching port) and which can be operated by springs and possibly cams reaching the shaft.
- a mushroom-shaped valve that rises perpendicularly from its seat; popular in internal-combustion motors
Hypernym for "poppet valve"
- View More | <urn:uuid:94633944-adbf-423c-b48f-7b06defa06f1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.azdictionary.com/definition/poppet%20valve | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00187-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95273 | 118 | 2.59375 | 3 |
US Air Force Birthday
United States Air Force!!
On September 18, 1947 the US Air Force was officially created, and today the Air Force turns 65. The Vietnam Center & Archive would like to wish the Air Force a very Happy Birthday, and to thank all the service men and women past and present for their service and sacrifice.
In honor of the Air Force's 64th birthday, please enjoy a few Air Force items from the Vietnam Archive's collections.
OH0067 - John Spey
(USAF) John "Jack" Spey served with the United States Air Force in Vietnam and Laos from 1962 to 1966 and from 1971 to 1974, respectfully. During his first tour he flew defoliation missions as a part of Operation RANCH HAND. During his second tour he served as the senior USAF Advisor to the Royal Lao Air Force and Chief of Combat Operations, US Air Attaches Office in Vientiane, Laos, and included Project 404 operations.
OH0122 - Calvin Chapman
(USAF) Dr. Calvin Chapman served with the United States Air Force in Vietnam from 1965 to 1966. He served as a Flight Surgeon and Commander of the 3rd Tactical Dispensary at Bien Hoa Air Base.
OH0433 - John Yuill
(USAF) John Yuill was born in Boswell IN in 1934, and enlisted in the Air Force at the age of 19. After Basic Training at Lackland AFB TX and Advanced Training at the Navigation School, Harlingen AFB TX, John was commissioned in 1955. He served with the Ferry Command until 1958, when he undertook pilot training at Bainbridge GA and Enid OK, and advanced pilot training at Perrin AFB TX. In 1960 he joined the Strategic Air Command as a bomber pilot, flying all SAC aircraft including the B-58 and B-52. John flew from SAC bases at Altus AFB OK and Grissom AFB IN before his two Vietnam tours: 1970-71 flying C-130 aircraft from Ton Son Nhut, and 1972 flying B-52 aircraft from Guam and Utapao, Thailand. John's B-52 was shot down over North Vietnam during Linebacker II, and he was held as a POW in Hanoi until his release in March 1973. John retired as a Lieutenant Colonel, and remains active with POW and USAF veterans' organizations.
038VI0254 - Jungle Doctor (United States Air Force Film)
Unofficial USAF MEDCAP operations conducted out of Bien Hoa by Dr. Calvin Chapman. [Calvin Chapman Collection] | <urn:uuid:7080f80a-da93-4d41-b68c-8ff07412a0ae> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/exhibits/airforce/airforce11.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00063-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965291 | 527 | 1.648438 | 2 |
LCDR K. Immerman, MC USNR
Immerman LK. Doctor, Patient, and Family. Ann Intern Med. 1989;110:412-413. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-110-5-412_2
Download citation file:
Published: Ann Intern Med. 1989;110(5):412-413.
To the Editor: Hahn and colleagues (1) on the doctor-patient-family relationship are to be commended for acknowledging and discussing the dysfunctional situations that may underlie the behavior of patients. Also important is their recognition of patients' unreasonable demands that place physicians in difficult positions. I would disagree, however, with the authors' suggestions that the primary physician draw in the family and focus on the patient's dysfunctional behavior within the family unit. The primary physician should concentrate on the patient and on the patient's responses to the demands made on him or her. For example, the pregnant diabetic patient who insists
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Copyright © 2016 American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.
Print ISSN: 0003-4819 | Online ISSN: 1539-3704
Conditions of Use
This PDF is available to Subscribers Only | <urn:uuid:813a3f8f-9e9e-468a-abe4-90d170f09b83> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://annals.org/aim/article/702970/doctor-patient-family | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721555.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00180-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.880293 | 275 | 1.53125 | 2 |
The various company forms in Finland are: proprietorship (toiminimi), partnership (avoin yhtiö), limited partnership (kommandiittiyhtiö), limited company (osakeyhtiö) and cooperative association (osuuskunta).
When you are considering the choice of company form, it is strongly advised that you contact an establishment offering Business advice.
The simplest and most popular way to start in business is to operate as a private entrepreneur using a company name. Decision-making and responsibility in the company belong with the entrepreneur, and the company may employ workers as in other forms of business. For part-time entrepreneurship it is often beneficial to start as a proprietorship. Starting business in this way is speedy and uncomplicated.
Limited company (osakeyhtiö)
Limited company is the most common company form in Finland. A limited company is suitable for all kinds of business operations. You can start a limited company alone or with other shareholders. A shareholder’s voting power, profit and liability depend on how many shares they own.
Partnership (avoin yhtiö)
A partnership is formed when two or more individuals agree to it by signing a partnership agreement. The partners have equal status in all the company’s operations and are personally responsible for company decisions, liabilities and debts.
Limited partnership (kommandiittiyhtiö)
A limited partnership differs from an ordinary partnership in that in addition to one or more accountable partners there is at least one sleeping partner, i.e. a participant in the company who generally acts as an investor.
Cooperative association (osuuskunta)
Cooperative association is a company owned by its members. There can be one or several members. Each member has one vote in cooperative association meetings. The liability of the members for the cooperative association’s obligations (for example, debts) is limited to their investment of share capital. | <urn:uuid:d44b1547-cdc2-4847-9e0d-2c698f2ed89e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.infofinland.fi/work-and-enterprise/starting-a-business-in-finland/company-forms | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.912231 | 414 | 2.25 | 2 |
The Tech of Buying and Identifying Drugs
Where do people get drugs like MDMA (Molly, ecstasy)?
Traditionally, drugs were bought through complex networks of manufacturers, smugglers, large scale dealers, small scale dealers, and people passing along small amounts of drugs to friends. It was inefficient and insecure, with a great deal of violence and fraud. Although this market is certainly still alive and well, in recent years it has been challenged by the darknet markets.
TOR is (in the simplest sense) a web browser, like Chrome or Safari. It encrypts everything you send and receive (and bounces it all around the internet through multiple relays) making it extremely difficult for anybody to track where you go or what you do online. TOR also allows for ‘hidden services’, web sites that are buried beneath many layers of relays and encryption, making it almost impossible to find them. TOR’s hidden services (unintentionally) solved the drug trade’s problem of letting sellers and buyers find each other with minimal risk of detection by law enforcement.
The Silk Road was the most famous of the early markets, though the original is long gone (busted by law enforcement). But the market abhors a vacuum, and there are now many more (and even larger) darknet markets.
Since the darknets are (by definition) not a part of search engines like Google, you need to find a jumping off point from the regular web. There are famous sites like Dream Market (accessible with TOR at the address: http://6qlocfg6zq2kyacl.onion/) and Agartha (TOR: http://agarthaourmnyhq3.onion). There’s also an active Reddit section on the topic of darknet markets.
Of course, being able to find somebody on the internet who claims to be willing to sell you drugs is only half the solution. How do buyers know who they can trust? How do they actually make the purchase?
The trust problem turned out to be relatively easy to solve; the markets created seller ratings, just like you see on eBay. If a seller didn’t deliver on their promises, they would get a bad reputation on that market and sales would dry up.
But that left the problem of paying for something illegal without getting caught. That’s where Bitcoin came into the picture. A Bitcoin is a mathematical token that can be passed around like a bong at a party. Each bitcoin is unique and can’t be duplicated (but they can be divided up, so you can send somebody (for instance) 0.1024 bitcoins, if that happens to be how much they are asking for something.) Bitcoins are also very hard to create (although it can be done), so there’s a limited supply. How the Bitcoin network works is complicated and very technical, but…it works. If you get a Bitcoin, you can send it to somebody else over the network.
Because Bitcoin has an established market and a reliable way to pass around these ‘coins’ between strangers, Bitcoin can be used as a sort of money. There are people who have Bitcoins who are willing to sell them for dollars (or pounds or Euros or whatever else you might have.) And there are people who are willing to sell you things for Bitcoins (since they can then turn around and sell the Bitcoins for real cash.)
If that all seems a bit hard to wrap your brain around, let’s just say that Bitcoins are internet play money that you can trade for real money or buy things with. Bitcoins have become one of the preferred ways to somewhat anonymously hand over money across the internet (although staying anonymous requires caution.) Bitcoin has plenty of competitors these days; Etherium is probably the most popular alternative and works similarly.
Bitcoins are held in a digital wallet (an app.) Each of these ‘wallets’ has a unique ID (address), so a buyer can send coins from their wallet to a seller’s wallet over the internet after getting the seller’s information.
Buying crytocurrency in the first place can be a bit complicated. The big brokerage websites will require registration with your real name, etc., making your coin purchases at least initially trackable. Some areas actually have vending machines you can buy bitcoins from. And a curious market has developed where you can send untraceable cash to a bitcoin seller and have them transfer the purchased Bitcoins to your wallet ID. This system seems to work surprisingly well, protected by customer feedback and seller rating mechanisms. As always, in the black market (or gray market) reputation is everything.
So, a potential buyer might use the TOR browser to search for something on a market, contact a seller to buy something, them send the seller Bitcoins to pay for it. After that, the buyer has to hope that the seller comes through! If nothing goes wrong (such as the seller getting busted before they can send the buyer’s shipment), whatever they purchased usually arrives by mail or package delivery services like FedEx.
Caution: The price of Bitcoins isn’t attached to something ‘real’ (like the value of gold or the economy of a certain country), so their value is wildly unstable. Some people like to hang onto them in hopes that they’ll go up in value, but generally the idea is to buy however many Bitcoins you might need for a particular purchase and then make that purchase rather than hold onto a significant amount of coins. Towards the end of 2017, Bitcoin climbed to over $20,000 per coin, then crashed to less than $6,000 in a matter of months, driven entirely by speculators and market manipulation. Bitcoin might have been the first cryptocurrency, but it’s going to become obsolete in the foreseeable future, replace by things like stablecoins.
WARNING: Bitcoin (and most other cryptocurrency) isn’t truly anonymous. Every ‘wallet’ app has one (or more) unique ID numbers. Every bitcoin effectively has a unique ID. And all the transactions made on the network are public, so everybody can see that ‘wallet X sent bitcoin #123 to wallet Y’. As a result, if you buy a bitcoin on most web sites, their records will connect your real ID to the specific bitcoins you bought. For buyers, one way to avoid this association is to buy bitcoins in cash (or from people who have no reason to keep detailed customer records, such as small individual traders.) That way, the cops may see that your wallet ID sent money to a known drug dealer’s wallet, but they have no easy way to connect your wallet ID to your real identity. If you don’t want to go to such efforts, the most popular option is a cryptocurrency tumbler, often called a bitcoin mixer. These are services where you send them some bitcoins and they give you other replacement bitcoins. So, you might send them Bitcoin #123 and get Bitcoin #761 back. This can make it extremely difficult to track bitcoins back to their previous owners/transactions. Mixers are funded by charging the user a small fee (such as 1%), so if you send them 1 coin, you would get 0.99 coins back (assuming a 1% fee.) Some of the darknet markets have their own mixing systems built in. Some wallet apps also have ‘mixing’ abilities built-in.
Large darknet markets get busted with some regularity. When that happens, your information (such as what was sold and where it was mailed to) may fall into the hands of law enforcement if the seller was careless and kept unencrypted notes on the site. Dealers buying large quantities are investigated, but so far I haven’t heard of somebody who only bought personal use quantities being arrested. The common notion among drug users that the Drug Enforcement Administration spends its days hunting down potheads is inaccurate; there are a lot of truly horrible criminals working in the drug trade, and Federal law enforcement has far better things to do with their time than try to bust petty end users.
Fake pills and pill testing
One problem faced by MDMA (Molly/ecstasy) users is the uncontrolled quality of pills. Sometimes the pills contain something along with the MDMA (such as ephedra, caffeine, etc) or they don’t contain MDMA at all (methamphetamine, etc.) In one particularly horrific case, a criminal group produced a batch of a drug called PMA and sold it as MDMA, causing an estimated twenty deaths worldwide (2000). How does a user protect themselves?
The first line of defense is pill testing sites, such as EcstasyData.org, which you can send a pill to for analysis; the site puts pictures and analysis results of the pills on-line. The advantage of this system is that if you have a pill of a certain color and logo you can look it up and see what similar pills contained (or if you buy a batch of pills, you can send one in and find out specifically what’s in that batch.) If you want to send in a pill to be tested, it costs $40.
One problem is that even pills with the same color and logo can contain different drugs. Maybe the manufacturer changed what they were making. Maybe a competitor decided to take advantage of a brand’s good reputation by using the design themselves.
Beyond the serious analytical labs, you can also test your pills yourself. The instructions may look a little intimidating, but all you have to do is scrape a little bit of the pill off onto a plate and put a couple drops of the test chemical on it. The sample will turn different colors depending on what’s in it. The most common test (Marquis) will quickly turn black if you drop the test liquid on real MDMA.
Test kit sources:
Elevation Chemicals seems to be the best value around for traditional ecstasy pill testing kits, and they’re offering my readers an extra $2 off a single test reagent with the discount code “DEA”, or $3 off a test kit with the code “DEAkit”. (Thanks, guys!)
Dancesafe is a non-profit harm reduction group that sells test kits, including a fentanyl test strip. Prices are substantially higher, but it’s a good cause.
EZ Test is perhaps the best known test kit supplier in Europe, and offers some unusual and interesting products.
Bunk Police has an extremely elegant test kit based on thin layer chromatography that can separate out and identify multiple drugs in the same pill/powder. Unfortunately it’s fairly expensive and harder to use than a traditional kit.
The limitation of most home test kits is that they usually can’t identify multiple drugs within the same pill. They can tell you if a pill probably contains MDMA, but not whether or not it also contains methamphetamine, etc.
Pill appearances vary widely, and are determined solely by the tastes of the maker. Coloring is often added, either throughout the entire pill or as granules of colored binders to create speckles of color. (Binders are chemicals that just add size and help hold the pill together. ‘Ecstasy’ pills are usually about 75% binders by weight.) It has been claimed that different colored specks in a pill are different drugs, but there is no basis for these rumors; the specks are simply added for appearances.
What Might Be in a Pill?
MDMA: The real Molly/ecstasy, and what you’re probably looking for.
MDA: This cousin of MDMA is very similar in affects, but has been described as ‘more psychedelic’ and often produces distinct visuals (people have reported seeing smoke rings, faces appearing in clouds, etc.) MDA has become more common in recent years, with some people actually prefering it over MDMA. The test kit can determine if a pill contains MDA instead of MDMA. (Pills containing a mixture of MDMA and MDA are somewhat common.)
MDEA: Rarely seen, MDEA is another cousin of MDMA. It produces euphoria but seems to be relatively sedating (people just sitting around feeling good, not prone to dancing and animated conversation as you would expect with MDMA.) MDEA is pleasant in its own right, but lacks the ‘fire’ of the MDMA experience. The test kits cannot distinguish between MDMA and MDEA.
Methamphetamine: METH is a powerful and relatively dangerous stimulant drug. The home test kits can identify pills that contain METH by itself, but not METH combined with one of the other MDxx drugs.
DXM (dextromethorphan): This legal cough syrup ingredient is also seen with some frequency. It’s psychoactive at high doses. A DXM pill is a deliberate attempt at a rip-off, and dealers selling them should be dealt with accordingly. The test kit can usually identify a pill containing DXM.
Ketamine: Rarely sold as ‘ecstasy’, Ketamine is a sedative used for veterinary surgery. It used to be used for humans as well, but FDA approval was withdrawn after patients began reporting having hallucinations while they regained consciousness. Combining ketamine and MDMA in a pill is an odd choice and should be regarded as another rip-off attempt. The test kit does not identify ketamine.
Caffeine, Ephedrine, Psuedoephedrine: Seen with some frequency, these ingredients are relatively inactive and safe, and should be regarded as another rip-off.
Legal Psychoactives: Occasionally semi-legal chemicals like piperazines have been sold as molly/ecstasy. When “research chemicals” have appeared, it’s almost always been as a pure pill (so the test kit will identify them as not being real MDMA.)
PMA: para-MethoxyAmphetamine is rarely seen, although it pops up every now and then. The first time a large batch of PMA hit the streets, it killed about 20 people. The main problem seemed to be that it took over an hour to kick in (vs. 30-40 minutes for MDMA), so users would think they had gotten weak pills when nothing happened in the first hour, take a few more, and overdose. I doubt this one will appear again in large amounts: Anybody manufacturing or selling PMA would be hunted to the ends of the earth by the users, dealers, and drug enforcement agencies alike: PMA is cursed by the drug using community. The test kit does not identify PMA specifically, but would have shown that most of the PMA pills seen in the past were not real MDMA.
Heroin: Some dealers claim such a thing is common, but it’s a myth. At least one pill containing heroin was sent to ecstasydata.org. Although it did indeed contain heroin, it did not contain MDMA or any similar drug, but did contain aspirin and Prozac. If you take a close look at the pill, you can see that the logo on it sticks out, and the pressing quality is very low. This appears to be somebody’s idea of a joke: A couple common medications crushed up, a little heroin tossed in, and mashed together with a cheap hand press. No self-respecting manufacturer would have used such low quality pressing dies, much less crushed up aspirins as the binder.
LSD, cocaine, mescaline: LSD and Mescaline have never been found in ‘ecstasy’ pills. There have been a few isolated cases of pills containing cocaine and MDMA (and a few pills containing only cocaine that might be mistaken for ‘ecstasy’ tablets.) Cocaine actually counteracts MDMA (it blocks the serotonin transporters) so it simply doesn’t make sense to use it as a cut; meth is cheaper and more effective. Sometimes dealers will describe a pill as containing LSD or mescaline to explain it’s more ‘psychedelic’ qualities (such as an MDA pill would produce.) Although famous, mescaline is actually extremely rare in the drug trade.
Rat Poison and Crushed Glass: Just another one of those urban legends, like giant alligators in New York’s storm sewers. It wouldn’t surprise me if this legend is courtesy of the same sort of people who brought us the ‘street meth’ story, but only the hoaxer knows for sure. (Once upon a time a pill containing strychnine was reportedly found, but no other pills like it ever showed up, nor were there any cases of strychnine poisoning reported, making it likely that it was either yet another prank or somebody was trying to poison a particular person.)
Illegal drug manufacturers live in an environment of almost pure capitalism; the big players have every reason to want to keep their customers happy and safe, both to avoid retaliation and keep business. In the end, we get out of the system what we demand out of it. Don’t tolerate fakes or adulterated pills. I’m not suggesting you go break an offending dealer’s legs yourself (although I wouldn’t condemn it either), but at the least complain, and if complaints don’t move them, report them to the police.
People often assume that a pill was cut with some other drug if they have a bad reaction to it, such as a panic attack. This isn’t necessarily the case; real MDMA can itself cause dramatic side effects. In spite of a somewhat common perception that ‘ecstasy’ deaths are due to other drugs being mixed into the pills, deaths from pure MDMA can and do occur. Guessing what a drug was from the subjective effects is usually very unreliable unless you have considerable prior experience with the suspected drug.
Feeling scared? There’s no need to be. Check EcstasyData, get a test kit yourself, and buy from people you trust. With the exception of PMA, most ‘fake’ pills aren’t particularly dangerous…just a disappointment if you wanted MDMA. The testing lab results also probably make things seem worse than they are, since people send in pills they think might be fake. Pills known to be good are likely to just be used and not reported.
How much does MDMA cost?
Prices can vary quite a bit. Typically in the US, you’re looking at $10-$20 a pill. Sometimes you can find pure MDMA powder (retail prices might be in the $60-$100/gram range in small amounts; on the wholesale level it can be found for less than $20/gram.) The Drug Enforcement Agency suggests MDMA pills cost about 25-50 cents to manufacture, but that doesn’t take into account the large distribution costs. Prices are generally lower in Europe; in some cases good pills can be had for a few dollars each.
Besides testing it, is there any way to tell if a pill is real MDMA?
Not for sure, but here’s one odd piece of trivia: MDMA sometimes has an odd root-beer/black licorice smell. There has been some debate regarding the source of this smell; some say it’s from leftover safrole, although I think a more likely suspect is a waste product called 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylpropan-2-ol. MDMA has a very bitter taste, but so do many drugs so that’s not much help.
What’s a ‘double stack’ or ‘triple stack’ pill?
Physically larger pills. The name (and usually the dealers) imply that they contain 2-3 times the usual amount of MDMA. Don’t fall for it–the size of a pill doesn’t reliably have anything to do with how much MDMA is in it. Most of the weight/bulk of pills is from binders; food-safe chemicals used to hold the pill together.
Why do they call MDMA “Molly”?
It’s slang for “molecular”. In theory, “molly” is high purity MDMA powder. This form has greatly increased in popularity and availability (in some areas MDMA powder is easier to get than pills.) Dosage and other considerations are the same as for pills.
How much MDMA is in a pill?
That can vary quite a bit. Traditionally, an ‘ecstasy’ pill has been assumed to contain about 100 mg of MDMA, but in recent years pills have grown stronger; sometimes much stronger! These days, pills may contain as much as 275 mg of MDMA; an amount that could be dangerous to a small or otherwise sensitive person. Human recreational doses tend to be around 100-120 mg, but it can vary quite a bit depending on the individual and the sort of high you’re looking for. (See The Art of Rolling for more info.)
Is MDMA a form of Methamphetamine?
No. The structure of MDMA is similar to that of METH, but the effects are quite different. Where METH is primarily a dopaminergic drug, MDMA is primarily a serotonergic drug. In terms of structure, MDMA is further from METH than the decongestant Sudafed is; small differences in structure can make big differences in effects.
Are these other drugs like PMA the result of botched attempts to make MDMA?
Small amounts of MDA or MDEA could result from using impure chemicals in an MDMA synthesis, but the others could not accidentally occur. When PMA appeared, it was intentionally made; it could not result from a failed MDMA synthesis. Generally, the choice of which drug to produce is based on the chemist’s interests and availability of chemicals. When a group chose to make PMA, they did so because the chemical needed to make it was more readily available than the chemical needed for MDMA (safrole), which is tightly controlled. In this case, the government’s success in restricting access to chemicals has cost the lives of dozens of young people.
How should MDMA be stored?
MDMA is quite stable, chemically speaking, and can be stored for very long periods of time. (Shulgin, who was largely responsible for popularizing MDMA, once said that it was so stable that if they had put some in the pyramids with the pharaohs it would still be good today. True to urban legend form, it wasn’t too long before the story was spreading that Ecstasy had been found in the pyramids. No, not quite, but it’s an interesting example of how misinformation can accidentally be created and spread.)
Still, it doesn’t hurt to give it some care. It’s hard to go wrong with the standard advice of an air-tight container (an empty prescription or over-the-counter pill bottle is fine), stored in a cool dark place. Beyond protecting your stash from the elements, be sure to protect it from the human elements: Do you really want your parents/roommate/etc. to find them? There have also been several cases of toddlers being poisoned after they found and ate a loose ‘ecstasy’ pill. Always take care that nobody finds your drugs who shouldn’t. Hide them somewhere very out of the way or, ideally, in a locked container such as a file cabinet or safe.
Can (drug sniffing) dogs detect MDMA?
Certainly. Heck, humans can smell it in large amounts or up close. Most dogs are not trained to spot MDMA (and most of those that are focus on smuggling/shipping ports, not casual users.) Another popular question is “if I walk by a drug sniffing dog with some pills on me, will he smell them?” That depends on a lot of factors. If you’re carrying a few pills in an air-tight container (ideally having washed the outside of the container and your hands with soapy water) the dog might not be able to smell it. As a more practical matter, drug dogs don’t actually give much attention to when they smell drugs unless their handler has ordered them to search. If a dog isn’t currently in ‘search’ mode, you could probably walk by it with a backpack full of heroin and the dog wouldn’t alert. After all, they’re around drugs a lot, and need to behave when the people with the drugs are police, etc. doing their job.
So…if the dogs can smell it, how does so much get into the country?
Partly it’s just a matter of volume; they can’t afford to check most packages. Partly it’s because a dog can only smell something exposed to the air. Smugglers know this, and have become patrons of vacuum-packing machines (like you see on those late-night infomercials.) A smuggler might vac-pack the drugs, wash everything off thoroughly, and just send it off via Fed-Ex. Given the huge profit potential of getting MDMA from Europe to the US, there are probably a lot of people doing just that. | <urn:uuid:10bb09f9-747d-4e44-b728-bb575b8de3d1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thedea.org/mdma-ecstasy-molly-users-guide/the-mdxa-family-fake-pills-and-pill-testing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.957491 | 5,250 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Premier Announces Transit Investment Strategy Advisory Panel
Ontario Government Improving Public Transit
Premier Kathleen Wynne announced today that the government has appointed a new advisory panel to review Metrolinx's Investment Strategy.
The strategy recommends ways to fund public transit across the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA).
The panel will meet with stakeholders and residents in the GTHA to get input on Metrolinx's recommendations. It will also consider other options to fund public transit. The panel will report its findings to the government.
Making strategic investments in infrastructure, including transit, is one of the three pillars of the Ontario government's economic plan. Through the other two pillars, the government is also investing in people and fostering a dynamic, innovative business climate to help create jobs and strengthen the economy.
- The Advisory Panel is composed of 13 members and will be chaired by Dr. Anne Golden. Dr. Golden has chaired two influential task forces in the past and is known for her work on public policy issues.
- Congestion costs GTHA residents and the economy about $6 billion a year.
- On average, people in the GTHA spend 82 minutes a day commuting. If nothing is done by 2031, people will spend 109 minutes a day commuting.
- Since October 2003, the Ontario government has committed almost $5.7 billion in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area to support municipal public transit, and has invested more than $7.7 billion in GO Transit improvements.
- Metrolinx’s The Big Move transportation plan is expected to create thousands of jobs, and save billions of dollars in time, energy and other efficiencies.
“Improving transit and investing in smart, sustainable infrastructure is critical to growing Ontario’s economy and creating jobs. Our new panel will help us identify the best way forward, so that we can help people in their everyday lives and build a strong foundation for future growth.”
“We look forward to the work and expertise of the panel and welcome their advice on making sure we have the right solution in place to ensure residents and commuters across the GTHA have access to better public transit. By making the right decisions today, we will help keep Ontario’s economy moving for generations to come.”
“There is a cost to inaction. Because there is a cost to congestion. And it affects all of us economically, socially and environmentally. This is not a partisan issue. We have a shared challenge and a shared responsibility to develop an investment plan for the regional transit network that is so urgently needed.”
Dr. Anne Golden | <urn:uuid:67f76c11-e09b-4457-b523-5b6a90a91117> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://news.ontario.ca/opo/en/2013/09/premier-announces-transit-investment-strategy-advisory-panel.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00045-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93191 | 537 | 1.78125 | 2 |
It is perhaps small pickup trucks that did the most to establish Japanese automakers in the United States. Frugal compact pickups from Toyota, Nissan and Mazda were tough, high-quality workhorses that began carving out a niche in the market in the
early 1970s. But now Japanese-made pickups are having trouble competing in the marketplace mostly because of unfavorable exchange rates, the U.S. government's 25 percent tariff on imported two-door trucks and the improved quality of Detroit's
automobiles. Consider this: Ford builds a version of its Ranger that Mazda sells as the B-series pickups. Automotive News reports that Mitsubishi is dropping its Mighty Max pickup at the end of the 1996 model year. Toyota is planning to build
trucks in North America to avoid the tariff. And for 1996 General Motors will begin building compact pickups for Isuzu. Isuzu's upcoming pickup will be loosely based on Chevy's S-10/GMC Sonoma. The Isuzu version will have different body panels,
but the underpinnings and drivetrain will be all GM. The new Isuzu truck is scheduled for a spring debut. This week's 1995 Isuzu truck, a vehicle whose design dates back to the 1980s, likely will be Isuzu's last Japanese-built compact truck sent here.
Compared with the latest Big Three offerings, the Isuzu's rough riding truck has a spartan interior and offers little safety equipment. PERFORMANCE Isuzu's truck comes in two configurations. The two-wheel-drive model - the one we tested - is
furnished with a 2.3-liter, 100-horsepower engine. The four-wheel-drive version comes with a 2.6-liter, 120-horsepower engine. Both models are sold with a five-speed manual transmission. No automatic is available; neither is an extended cab version.
However, long-bed models are available. The big trend in trucks is to make them more carlike in performance, handling and user-friendliness. Because the Isuzu truck has changed so little over the years, it feels old compared with such competitors as
the Chevy S-10 and the Ford Ranger/Mazda B3000. Isuzu's 2.3-liter engine is a rough-running single overhead cam unit. It didn't always idle at a consistent speed, though I could not determine how much the engine speed wavered at idle because our test
truck did not come with a tachometer. However, the engine was plenty powerful. Torque, the twisting force that rotates the rear wheels, is plentiful, enabling the truck to accelerate strongly at low speeds. With about an inch of play, the clutch
pedal felt sloppy. But the shifter moved through the gears easily enough. At 65 mph on the highway, our test truck's engine made quite a bit of noise and seemed to be revving quite high. This is not a truck you would want to take on an extended
highway trip - unless you want to drive with ear plugs. Fuel mileage came in at a respectable 23 mpg in the city and 26 mpg on the highway. HANDLI
NG When I rolled over a large bump or dip in the road in the Isuzu truck, I got a kidney-bruising pounding. After repeatedly driving over a rough railroad crossing in Longwood, I felt like I had been pummeled in the midsection by a professional
boxer. The Isuzu has a very firm suspension with a lot of travel. That means the body can move up and down a long way when the going gets rough. The problem is that once the bouncing starts, you have to hold on for dear life. For its suspension
system, Isuzu uses double wishbones, torsion bars and a stabilizer bar up front, an arrangement that does a decent job of absorbing small bumps. The rear suspension is a standard leaf-spring setup. The power steering and power-assisted front disc,
rear drum brakes are adequate. The Isuzu was able to easily make sharp turns. The rear brakes are equipped with an anti-lock system. In an emergency stop, the front wheels will lock up and the vehicle could become hard to ste
r. However, the rearend does not swerve. Four-wheel anti-lock brakes - not an option on the current model - would be the ideal arrangement. Because the engine develops much of its power at low speeds, I found that I was constantly unintentionally
making the rear wheels spin when starting from a stop or during low-speed cornering. Most of the weight is on the front wheels. On wet roads you especially have to go easy on the accelerator or else the wheels will lose traction. FIT AND FINISH
Plain. Dull. Boring. Uninspired. Those four words sum up Isuzu's interior. Although the folding bench seat is covered with a high-quality and thick woven cloth, and the carpet has a nice, heavy-duty stitching, the inside of the Isuzu
truck is about as utilitarian as they come. Switches for the lights and controls for the windshield wipers are placed on the outer edges of the boxy instrument panel housing. Although these controls are easy to reach and use, this is not an attractive
setup. The one-piece curving dashboard in the Ford Ranger, for example, gives the interior of that truck a classy, sporty ambiance. The Isuzu's radio, tucked below the air conditioner and behind the shifter, is close to the floor and hard to reach.
On the plus side, I do like the view you get from the driver's seat. The hood slopes gently downward, affording the driver an unobstructed look at the road. Also, the rear window slides open. Most annoying is the lack of places to put small items.
There is an indentation on the dash, but it is of little use. Let's say you want to place your sunglasses there. They'll slide back and forth every time you round a curve. There are no map pockets in the doors for small items, and there's no center
console. Our test truck came with a black plastic bedliner, a $300 extra that is well worth the price. A bedliner will protect the paint from scratches, which in turn prevents rust. The optional air conditioner cooled the interior quickly. Many
other trucks for about the same money run smoother, handle better and offer interiors that are stylish and user-friendly. And most other small trucks offer a driver's air bag. The Isuzu truck doesn't. Next year's GM-built Isuzu truck ought to put the
Japanese company right back in the race. Truett's tip: Although bolted together tightly and constructed with quality materials, Isuzu's pickup has a harsh ride, and it looks and feels outdated compared with other compact | <urn:uuid:513329d8-a423-4999-b0ed-5fd7172fbed1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.cars.com/reviews/orlando-sentinels-view-1420689094919/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00247-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952962 | 1,439 | 1.570313 | 2 |
To whom it concern:
Ever since I moved to United States of America back in 1999 at an age of 16, my life and perception has been greatly influenced with western culture. Within so many years of learning in school overseas as well as getting to know with different people, I have really come to live outside of the box. I have been living in a two dimensional life between China and US.
After my graduation in college, I always been told the choices I make now are going to determine my future. Everyone goes through a struggle and I have had my fair share, but no matter how hard I knew exactly what I wanted. I wanted to succeed. I always believe that going to college and obtaining a good education will get me to the place I wanted to be at. The job I wanted to posses. The house I wanted to own. What’s the worse that can happen? I finally learn that life was not as easy as I thought. Finding the right job is not the same as pursuing my career. Many people believe that choosing a job and choosing a career are the same; however they are different. A job is employment in which we work to get paid with no interest in furthering us in any particular field. A career is the pursuit of a lifelong ambition or calling. A job is a stint of employment by which we choose to work to receive a pay check and nothing more. A job has minimal impact on my future work life, while a career provides experience and learning to fuel my future. The dictionary defines career as "a field for or pursuit of consecutive progressive achievement especially in public, professional, or business life" and "a profession for which one trains and which is undertaken as a permanent calling." I was confused at first when I started my new chapter of a working life. And I knew myself that I am not going to be satisfied with a job that only pays my bills, I want something more, something I could pursuit with the advantage of my two different cultural background. | <urn:uuid:ce358e5b-e1d7-4456-849f-b6d9ee8052a8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.brainia.com/essays/Job-Vs-Career/22875.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00233-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.985285 | 406 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Experts invited to a House of Lords special inquiry committee meeting on artificial intelligence (AI) warned of the brittleness of the technology and lack of understanding around it.
Following on from an Artificial Intelligence Committee report, published in April 2018, the expert panel was invited to discuss how the opportunities and risks of AI have changed over the past year, particularly in light of the coronavirus pandemic. The lowering of controls to protect public data and ethics was one of the topics discussed by the committee.
Michael Wooldridge, professor of computer science at the University of Oxford, spoke about why healthcare would benefit immediately from AI. “If it is to be done right, transferring AI techniques from labs to GPs and hospitals is a long process,” he said.
From a risk perspective, Woolridge said there were “endless examples” of data abuse. “For AI to work, it needs data. This is a huge challenge. Society has not yet found its equilibrium in this new world of big data,” he said.
Woolridge also voiced concerns that people will rely too heavily on AI technology to make decisions. “The tech is really brittle. It is important we don’t become complacent and naively rely on AI instead of human judgement,” he warned.
When asked about ethical barriers, Wendy Hall, regius professor of computer science at the University of Southampton, said: “In the UK, we have a lot of people studying ethics. We need to develop some practical guidelines.”
Hall said AI ethics presents major issues for society. People also need to understand where they need to take control of their data, and where data is needed.
“Morals and ethics are not the same thing,” she said. “We have to self-regulate. We have to get people to understand their own responsibilities.”
Hall urged companies to get involved in the AI ethics conversation. She suggested that regulators should try to develop simple frameworks and audit arrangements which can be easily applied. Hall predicted actuaries, accountants, lawyers and new careers were likely to emerge to help companies audit algorithms for bias, fairness, accountability and ethics.
Daniel Susskind, a fellow in economics at Balliol College, urged the government to reinstate the data and privacy controls that were lowered to support coronavirus track and trace applications. “An important task in the months to come is to rein back that power we granted to tech companies and states around the world,” he said.
Discussing the need for ethical AI, Susskind said: “If we are honest, the finest computer scientists are not necessarily hired for the sensitivity of their moral reasoning. There is a burden on engineers to make these technologies as transparent as they can be to ensure users can scrutinise them.”
In the past, AI systems tended to be modeled on human decision-making, but systems now use deep learning. “Today’s systems are far more opaque and less transparent,” Susskind warned.
The availability of data to improve AI algorithms was another topic discussed at the meeting. When asked about the use of data for public good, Carly Kind, director of the Ada Lovelace Institute, described the situation as “a false dichotomy”.
While the pandemic has shown the use of data for public good, she said people wanted guarantees around privacy. Although the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) stood up well during the pandemic, Kind pointed out that there were numerous occasions when researchers needed to access data held in companies, such as to stem misinformation being spread on social media platforms, but that access was difficult.
She warned that public data is held by a few very large US companies, not the public sector. Kind said Apple, Amazon, Facebook and Google were in a much better position than public sector organisations to advance because they had monopolistic access to public data.
“To create a more even playing field, we need to break up monopolistic control of platforms,” she said. | <urn:uuid:cfe7d23f-4042-453d-88d4-ef9de1f78cdd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aiuniverse.xyz/public-data-should-not-be-held-by-us-tech-giants/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.967571 | 850 | 2.671875 | 3 |
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This article was published on October 9th, 2018
Soul queen Aretha Franklin sadly passed away recently at the age of 76, leaving behind an estate worth approximately $80 million, however according to court documents the music legend did not have a will in place at the time of her death, meaning that she died intestate. So what happens to her assets and the rest of her estate and who will inherit her fortune?
Had Aretha Franklin passed away in England or Wales without a will, here’s what would happen to everything that she had left behind.
If you die intestate then your estate (everything you own) will be distributed as per the rules of intestacy. If a will wasn’t created then these rules will override any wishes the deceased may have had before their death, meaning the estate might not be distributed the way they wanted.
If you are married and your spouse is still alive, then they will inherit everything if your estate is worth £250,000 or less. However, if like Aretha Franklin your estate is worth more than that, how your estate is distributed will depend on how much the estate is worth as well as other factors such as whether you have any relatives who are alive once you have passed away.
If your estate is valued at £325,000 or more you may be subject to inheritance tax, however, this can depend on who the money goes to.
Unfortunately, if you are a couple who live together but you’re not married, you will have no rights under intestacy rules. Unlike married couples, the estate will not automatically pass to those who aren’t married.
In this scenario, your assets would go to your next of kin, whether that be your children, grandchildren or if you have neither of those, your estate will pass to your parents or even your nieces and nephews.
If you’re not married, widowed or in a civil partnership, your estate will pass to any children you have.
In this situation, it can be possible to alter the way an estate is distributed among surviving family members. In order to do this, it’s necessary to complete a Deed of Variation. This Deed will allow anyone who stands to benefit from the deceased’s estate to alter the way assets are distributed. If this is something you would like to do or discuss, get in touch with our private client team who will be able to advise you on the steps you need to take if it’s possible to submit a Deed of Variation.
If you wish to pursue a Deed of Variation then you may be able to do so, both before or after probate has been granted, however, you will only have 2 years to attempt to make any changes following the death of the person in question.
There are many reasons why one may wish to change the way a will is distributed among beneficiaries. Reasons can range from balancing out how much each beneficiary receives should one party be left more than the others. If someone has been left out of a will, then it may be possible to change it to include them in the distribution of the estate.
In England and Wales, the law states that if you have no living relatives then your estate will pass to the crown. However, on occasion, an heir hunter will be employed on behalf of the estate to track down any long-lost relatives who may be able to make a claim against the estate.
A will is an essential document that can ensure your wishes are respected in the event of your death. Having one in place can mean that your estate will be distributed in the way you would like, and can mean that you decrease the distress and suffering of your loved ones at an already difficult time during the period after your death.
Whether you want to create your will, discuss an existing one or would like to discuss your options relating to trusts or LPAs, our Private Client team will be able to assist you.
To speak to one of our experts please call us on 0800 1979 345 or complete our online enquiry form and we’ll get back to you at a time that better suits you. | <urn:uuid:4dc2f6ce-6993-4b99-a078-b37834085432> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thorneycroftsolicitors.co.uk/blog/legal-updates/aretha-franklin-dies-without-will/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.965203 | 883 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Revealed by .
Yard beekeeping has been within the information in recent times, however saving the bees doesn’t imply breeding honeybees and stealing their honey. A lot of the yard beekeeping business is rooted in speciesism, even because it claims to help these animals, as a result of it assumes that we now have a proper to steal honey, beeswax, and honeycomb from bees who work exhausting to supply it for themselves.
For those who’re excited about moving into yard beekeeping, listed below are some issues you must know:
Yard Beekeeping Doesn’t ‘Save the Bees’
When scientists speak about “saving the bees,” they aren’t speaking in regards to the species most yard beekeepers exploit. The most typical species used for yard beekeeping is the European honeybee—a non-native, domesticated species imported to North America for use in agriculture. These colonies compete for sources with native bees—who’re truly a lot better pollinators and are those going through extinction—and different bugs.
Whereas honeybees are extra fascinated about nectar, native species actively acquire pollen. They’re additionally a lot better at pollinating native crops, which helps total biodiversity and ecosystem well being.
The most effective factor you are able to do to assist bees is to help struggling native species by making your yard a haven, filled with bee-friendly native crops and bee homes. Mason, leafcutter, and miner bees are just some of the species you may spot, however there are greater than 4,000 varieties native to the U.S.
Different Points With Yard Beekeeping
Many yard colonies die as a result of folks don’t understand simply how a lot work and accountability are concerned in maintaining a thriving hive.
Honeybee colonies are extremely prone to illness, poor diet, and parasites. Varroa mites can infest colonies—the place they feed and dwell on larvae, pupae, and even grownup honeybees—which may ultimately result in the unfold of illnesses and viruses, colony collapse, and dying. Novice beekeepers won’t have the data, funds, or expertise to handle infestations, which may additionally unfold to close by hives.
Taking Bees’ Honey, Comb, and Beeswax Is Inherently Speciesist
Bees produce honey and construct comb from beeswax in an effort to nourish themselves and help their hives. Stealing their exhausting work is inherently speciesist—their honey belongs to them, to not us. Many individuals take up yard beekeeping in an effort to have their very own supply of honey, whereas claiming to help bee populations. However most native species both don’t produce honey or don’t produce sufficient for people to gather. For those who actually care in regards to the well-being of those pleasant pollinators, leaving them alone and easily turning your yard right into a bee-friendly place are the perfect issues you are able to do for them.
What to Do if You’re Already Beekeeping in Your Yard
For those who’re already caring for bees in your yard, ensure you’re nicely versed within the correct care strategies so you possibly can shield them from illness, Varroa mites, and different hurt. Don’t be speciesist—cease stealing from bees to your personal achieve.
Do Extra to Assist Bees
There are many scrumptious sweeteners you need to use as an alternative of honey, together with agave nectar and maple syrup. You should definitely purchase beeswax-free cosmetics and soy-based candles to your residence. Lastly, help the native bee inhabitants by planting pollinator-friendly native crops, placing bee properties or inns in your yard, and avoiding the usage of pesticides. | <urn:uuid:83f2cfe2-19f0-4eaa-bbd6-8770974fa157> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://benaadirnews.com/what-you-must-know-about-yard-beekeeping/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.939788 | 796 | 2.484375 | 2 |
In North Carolina, the Department of the Secretary of State regulates and defines Notary Public policy. For information and forms, please visit the Secretary of State website: sosnc.com/notary.
Anyone who wishes to become a notary in North Carolina must attend a course of instruction at a Community College. (Attorneys are exempt from the requirement of attending a course of instructions). Information and registration for this class can be obtained from the Continuing Education Department of each community college. For schedules and availability of Notary Public courses offered by AB Tech Community College, please visit their website: abtech.com.
Once commissioned by the Secretary of State, Buncombe County Notaries Public must appear at Register of Deeds Office to take an oath of office and obtain a certificate. The Notary Oath fee is $10.00.
Application forms for reappointment or name change can be obtained from the Register of Deeds Office or through the Secretary of State Office.
Secretary of State Notary Division
Phone: (919) 807-2000
Fax: (919) 807-2210
The Notary Oath of Office fee is $10.00.
We accept Visa/MasterCard, cash, personal checks, or money orders payable to Register of Deeds.
Please note: Register of Deeds staff are only able to notarize documents pertaining to the business of this office. | <urn:uuid:0abc41ec-f314-4c92-9cb6-23d3944a750a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.buncombecounty.org/Governing/Depts/RegisterDeeds/NotaryPublic.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00328-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.915801 | 288 | 1.65625 | 2 |
On October 26, 2017, Iñigo Capellán-Pérez, researcher from the University of Valladolid (UVa), member of MEDEAS project, held a presentation on the MEDEAS-World model and performed a simulation game during the IV Course of Ecological Economics in the Faculty of Economics of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) in Bilbao, Spain.
The course spanned 3 days and it focused on the exposition of the guiding principles of ecological economics, the application of practical methodologies and the public policies towards a sustainable economy.
This was an excellent forum to share MEDEAS project and world model version with a diverse public, ranging from students, researchers and teachers from Economics, Development aid, Engineering, and other disciplines. An updated version of the game performed in the Club of Rome Summer Academy in Florence was organized, where the participants had the opportunity to contrast their mental models with a formal model. Suggestions and ideas to improve both the model and the game were put forward, with the scope of making them available in the next editions. | <urn:uuid:b4ae35bd-d829-4e2e-b509-f61f2fb037b8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://medeas.eu/news/medeas-participated-iv-course-ecological-economics-bilbao-spain-october-26 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.94613 | 226 | 1.898438 | 2 |
Previous abstract Next abstract
Radio astronomy observatories, particularly those operating aperture- synthesis instruments, have a significant obstacle in expanding public understanding of their work. While most interested non-astronomers at least believe they understand how an optical telescope operates, few will express similar confidence in their understanding of radio astronomy. Though the practice of interferometry and aperture synthesis is necessarily quite complex, the fundamental underlying principles of these techniques can be reduced to a form understandable to an interested non-scientist. A graphics-based, non-technical approach to this educational task has been developed, tested and refined on a number of audiences at the VLA and in presentations to groups and organizations. This simplified approach to a complex topic is outlined and explained.
Monday program listing | <urn:uuid:d5231e16-0102-4a71-a1e5-4e02258c52ae> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://aas.org/archives/BAAS/v26n4/aas185/abs/S407.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718957.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00435-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931414 | 151 | 2.9375 | 3 |
GRE Exam 2013 Take Your Career To New Heights – Join Us F
GRE Exam 2013 Take Your Career To New Heights – Join Us For Regular Updates On GRE Test GRE, the Graduate Record Examination is a standardized exam that forms the basis of admission to several graduate schools in the USA, other native English nations, and English-based business and graduate programs across the world. The GRE Test measures the verbal, mathematical as well as the analytical skills of the candidate interested in this test. The GRE general exam is also offered as an online exam through selected test centers. The GRE score helps the graduate schools access the capability and the skill set of the candidate who wishes to enroll in their campus for further studies. There are 9 centers in India which help in conducting GRE in our country. Who we are and what we offer for GRE Test? Sarkariexam.com offers unimpeachable and updated knowledge about the various job openings as well as opportunities for education. We are the leaders in this field because we are loaded with all the accurate and relevant facts and figures. We, at sarkariexam.com know the importance and popularity of GRE Test and accordingly, we have dedicated a full section to the GRE 2012 providing all detailed information regarding its syllabi, eligibility criteria, pattern of the examination, etc. Eligibility criteria: To be eligible for appearing for the GRE 2012, the candidate must have cleared at least 10+2 or equivalent. GRE Test pattern: The GRE Test consists of two sub types- GRE General Test and GRE Subject Test. The exam pattern is followed normally in three different papers. 1. Verbal Reasoning (comprising of 30 questions to be attempted in 30 minutes) 2. Quantitative Reasoning (Comprising of 28 questions to be completed in 45 minutes) 3. Analytical Writing and Assessment Section consisting of two essays. Syllabus: The general test covers high school mathematics, critical reasoning, reading comprehension, vocabulary usage and writing abilities. Meanwhile, the 8 subject tests measure knowledge in Physics, Psychology, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics, Computer Science, English Literature, Biochemistry, and Cell & Molecular Biology. Important dates: GRE follows a test taker-friendly schedule, whereby the candidate can choose his/her own test date (except holidays in US viz. Saturday and Sunday). We at SarkariExam.com ensure much emphasis on updating you about the upcoming GRE in the future times. Keep watching us at regular intervals to receive timely updates to your GRE related announcements and information. | <urn:uuid:b5772ec2-df5e-4265-a3b9-b628dbea6dc6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.sarkariexaam.com/gre-exam/67242 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00576-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.912916 | 506 | 1.820313 | 2 |
How can I have same plateau fluorescence? - (Jul/08/2009 )
Dear all, I want to do a melting curve analysis with equal amount of different type of DNA of a mixed reaction (I mean I will mix the two DNA before the reaction). To get nice results, IŽd need to know what starting amount is necessary to reach the plateau with the same fluorescence level. I tried to dilute samples, but I still have differences, and I found they not necessarily correlate with sample Ct values. What factors influence the fluorescence of the plateau? How can I change it?
any suggestions are appreciated.
When I do real-time I have good duplicates but rarely do I get the same plateau.
pH can effect the fluorescence as well as yield.
What I can't understand is why do you want the plateau? What info can or do you expect to get from it? | <urn:uuid:a4574e44-e252-468f-9af6-0d8d9dfd7295> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.protocol-online.org/biology-forums-2/posts/9026.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00237-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944596 | 189 | 2.3125 | 2 |
The Food and Beverage manufacturing sector has seen an opportunity to benefit from the changing consumer behaviour during the pandemic, while at the same time many have also seen significant challenges to their supply chains. Where companies have done well, there is a risk that they will become inefficient amidst this growth, something that will be exposed post-pandemic. Equally, there will be challenges with trend and demand forecasting and rising efficiency expectations of business stakeholders as things return to normal levels..
With Food and Beverage businesses having several unique traits such as limited shelf-lives, cold chain and storage requirements, the existence of supply-driven models, traceability requirements for provenance and ethical sourcing, and high degrees of regulations in some cases, they must be considered in an Integrated Business Planning (IBP) approach.
Watch the webinar as we share the latest insights on the sector and introduce the Board Integrated Business Planning solution for Food and Beverage businesses, showcasing how to:
- Seamlessly unify analysis and planning to undertake Strategy Setting
- Quickly evaluate changes to your Product Portfolio
- Meet and exceed customer expectations by leveraging critical signals from internal and external sources to create a positive impact on Demand Planning
- Understand the many benefits of optimising stock across the entire supply chain through risk analysis and identifying possible bottlenecks to ensure Inventory Optimisation
- Accelerate Production Capacity Planning | <urn:uuid:74ad7925-9878-4b13-8409-a87dace14827> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.board.com/en/on-demand-webinar/perfecting-recipe-integrated-business-planning-food-beverage-businesses | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.930015 | 281 | 1.523438 | 2 |
When you find yourself Black youngsters was less likely to want to pull out private college student money, he could be four times because probably fight inside the payment regarding the individuals money
Biden’s bipartisanship and additionally produced forth the age of hobbies change, good euphemism to possess singling aside Black colored appeal readers and pressing harsh this new advice. Inside 1988, he published a column arguing to own firmer appeal constraints, paraphrasing old-fashioned racist canine whistles, the guy said: “Many of us are too-familiar to the tales of appeal mothers riding deluxe autos and you can top lifestyles one mirror this new rich and you can greatest. Whether or not they are overstated or otherwise not, these stories underlie an over-all social concern that welfare system provides divided – which just parcels away appeal checks and you will really does absolutely nothing to help the worst get a hold of active operate.”
Within the 1996 the guy had his wish toward passing of brand new Personal Responsibility and you can Functions Chance Reconciliation Act, and therefore brought another type of slew away from passions statutes, motivated states in order to passion her racist advice, and you may capped federal spending on interests. While this program is actually considered a survival to possess pushing even more solitary moms and dads into staff, the individuals female often gained no further currency than they’d lost within the benefits. Because the number of individuals having fun with interests plummeted, research has discovered that anywhere between 42% and you can 74% of them some body stayed within the poverty immediately after doing this. As there are proof which improved strong impoverishment, those way of living on below $dos for each and every people twenty four hours, by 153% between 1996 and 2011. When you look at the basic decade of welfare reform, the brand new strong poverty rates to own Black children rose by the cuatro.9%, while falling to possess light college students from the approximately 2%. Today, 10.8% from Black colored Americans reside in strong poverty, in contrast to 4.1% from white Us americans.
Regardless of if Biden designed they, these types of laws, and those the guy aided place the brand new precedent for, have got all disproportionately inspired Black some one – and you can just weren’t the very last of their formula to achieve this. Into the 2005, he supported a statement that got rid of bankruptcy defenses regarding scores of youngsters and you can made worse the new currently increasing student debt ripple, basically choosing to include creditors and you may loan providers more than youngsters. It’s really worth bringing up one Joe Biden has received nearly $2m when you look at the promotion efforts from the lending community just like the his big date regarding the Senate.
Even with all this, Black folks have arrived to support Biden all inches away from their means towards the presidency. The new Biden strategy almost folded just after their early underperformance in the primary, merely to end up being resurrected by Black colored southerners whom obtained things getting your into the Sc and you can transmitted him due to Very Monday. On the standard election he was once again protected by Black someone. In crucial states eg Georgia, Michigan and Pennsylvania, Black people represented a beneficial disproportionate quantity of the new Democratic legs one to chosen to own Biden, and you may Black colored activists contributed this new voter pushes and you may political mobilizations one to not merely ensured their winnings, however, secure the outcomes afterwards. Black colored lady including added the fresh new groups, for instance the New Georgia Venture going from the Stacey Abrams and you will the new Black Voters Amount Money co-mainly based from the LaTosha Brown, responsible for voter turnout during the extremely important says.
Black colored women in type of starred an excellent monumental role in his winnings, having 91% away from Black lady voting for Biden, retaining the role as the utmost consistent foot of the Popular team
Pupil loans abolition would not resolve the problems out of general racism for the the us, it perform at least start to target some of the ruin Joe Biden has been doing in the existence. Depending on the liberal thinktank brand new Roosevelt Institute, light domiciles with teenagers possess several minutes the typical wealth off comparable Black colored homes – loans abolition create shrink the real difference as a result of fives moments the fresh quantity of money. A drop on the container about huge system, but a decline which could fundamentally alter the lifetime regarding Black colored some one nationwide.
Biden also co-sponsored the balance you to managed crack cocaine while the one hundred moments worse than just cocaine and authored new compulsory lowest sentences getting medication charges, obviously centering on the picture of the worst easy Michigan City payday loans Black crack member which checked more harmful compared to the mirage of your own docile, white, middle-group cocaine user. His very own combat toward drugs was persisted by one another Republicans and you will Democrats ultimately causing the brand new 1998 Degree Work supply you to definitely permanently prohibited of numerous students that have earlier medication convictions regarding getting financial help. Since most of drug users is actually light, Black colored anybody portray 55% of all the medicine convictions. | <urn:uuid:445a4528-79df-4706-b2f5-6aa1ffe094a4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gaudions.co.uk/black-people-likewise-have-the-highest-student/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.956843 | 1,051 | 1.695313 | 2 |
On this page.
Starting out on stage or jamming with others
Harmonica players have a bad reputation among other musicians, and sadly it's well deserved. Here are some tips that may help earn you some respect.
- Timing! Practice every day, you don't need your harp to do it.
- Make sure you play in the right key. If you play diatonic learn about positions.
- Don't play until it's clear it's your turn unless encouraged to do otherwise, and when in doubt take the harp out of your mouth.
- When it is your turn play for one or maybe two choruses, keep making eye contact with the leader so you know when your turn is over. When in doubt fall back on simple rhythmic chugging and/or Blues cliché licks/riffs. If and only if you're encouraged to keep going do you play anymore.
- Learn to play bends as notes, go straight to the bend,
don't slide into it. Sliding into bends is okay so long as
it's your choice. Practising with a chromatic tuner helps.
- And for pity's sake N E V E R play your harmonica among the audience uninvited. It's rude, inconsiderate and unwelcome to performers and audience alike.
- Check out the rest of this site.
The front page is intended for new harp players wanting to find good
informative harmonica websites.
Including instructions on joining Harp-L and HarpTalk email communities.
When starting out these groups have a lot of very supportive people who can
help you understand and progress on the instrument.
- Rick Epping's advice for beginners note quality
Dealing with those tricky notes in the first few holes.
- Jerry Portnoy's Blues Harmonica Masterclass
This is the first harmonica course that made all the difference for me.
Being able to hear what the harmonica is supposed to sound like, plus having everything in audio made everything much easier than trying to
read about it in a book.
Available at Coast to Coast Music.
Chromatic Harmonica Reference
Includes pages on holding harmonica; playing harmonica; techniques;
and exercises. Almost all of this is applicable to diatonic harmonica too
- Some Blues harmonica players of note:
Little Walter, Big Walter Horton, Sonny Boy Williamson,
Sonny Boy Williamson II, Junior Wells, Carey Bell, James Cotton, Billy Branch. Muddy Waters had a lot of good players cut their teeth and start their careers with his band, so well worth listening to.
These are the harmonica players to listen to first. It's their life work that shaped the language of Blues harmonica. Later players base their playing on what they achieved, so you're best to start at the source.
Some respected players that have come since the original players: William Clarke, Mark Hummel, Paul Butterfield, Kim Wilson, Sugar Ray Norcia, Charlie Musselwhite.
Useful practice software tools
Simple beat box program for generating a bar or bars of rhythm with up to six percussion instruments at most tempos. Freeware.
Audacity is free, open source software for recording and editing sounds.
Superb for setting your computer up for recording yourself. Freeware.
- Amazing Slow Downer
Can slow down, speed up and retune any music track on CD or PC file.
Start & stop points can be made anywhere in a tune making it easy to work on phrases or finer details of a lick or riff. Trial-ware
A more powerful programmable rhythm program, a simplified sequencer. Trial-ware.
- Band In A Box
Very powerful practice tool. You can enter any chord progression, choose among hundreds of styles. Change key and tempo very quickly. Generate melodies, solos and harmonies. Thousands of well known songs are in BIAB format on the internet for free. Commercial program.
Suggested first time rigs
If you're relatively new to harmonica and don't want to spend too much on your very first rig, then these options are a good way to start out.
It's assumed these won't be used in a venue bigger than a lounge, they're best suited for practicing at home, or small private jams with friends.
Clean practice rig
If you just want to make your acoustic harp playing louder
The Leem SF-600 is a cheap vocal mic that'll do the job. The Shure SM58 is a long standing professional workhorse.
I recommend both a long cable and the XLR to 1/4" patch cord so you can use your mic and cable with any sound system you end up playing through later on.
If you get a long XLR to 1/4" cable you may end up having to buy a second long XLR to XLR cable so you can plug into a mixer or PA.
- Vocal mic e.g. Leem SF-600 or Shure SM58
- XLR to XLR 30 foot cable, and XLR to 1/4" patch cord
- Behringer MS-16 monitors
- Stereo 4mm to RCA lead
The MS-16 stereo monitors have seperate stereo line inputs on the back, with a stereo 4mm to RCA lead you can plug in any music playing device e.g. iPod, CD player, laptop etc. So you can practice with any backing.
It also has headphone output so you can practice with headphones.
Chicago Blues practice rig
If you want to produce overdriven tones in the tradition of Chicago Blues
Both mics are currently available on today's market. Sadly most of the best traditional mics can only be purchased second hand. The Shure 545 will need to be wired for high impedance to drive amps and effects properly. The mic comes with instructions on how to do this.
- Hohner Blues Blaster bullet mic or Shure 545 microphone
- Dan Electro HoneyTone mini amp, or Original Pignose amp
- Behringer VD400 vintage delay
- Leem Micro Mixer WAM290
- Stereo 4mm to RCA lead and 2x RCA to 1/4" connectors.
The HoneyTone amp is only 1Watt which is plenty for bedroom practice or jamming in the lounge. It also has a headphone output, so you can practice with headphones.
The Pignose amp is 8 Watts, bigger, heavier and louder. This is a very popular little amplifier. It's good for busking, and more than enough for practicing at home or jamming with a few mates.
The Behringer VD400 vintage delay is an inexpensive copy of an early Boss analog delay and surprisingly effective. You can use just a little to fatten up your sound, slap back or go crazy go nuts with it.
If you get a Leem Micro Mixer WAM290, lead and connectors, you can plug your microphone/delay into that plus any music playing device, e.g. iPod, CD player, laptop etc and it's output into your amp so you can play with backing.
Any comments or suggestions can be emailed to
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without the express permission from the | <urn:uuid:4e86e89d-840e-4d46-8a31-4e72361a2f73> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.angelfire.com/music/harmonica/begin.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718957.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00436-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.923263 | 1,546 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Imagine a perfect world with no sicknesses or diseases? With no bad or violent attitudes? A world where you could design your kids however you wanted? A world where food would always taste good? All this became a possibility when Genetic Engineering was invented. By altering the humans, plants, or animals genes this world could become a reality. Except it would be no fun, and mostly not ethical or moral. You would be playing God. But there are a few things Genetic Engineering would improve, for example health. Using genetic engineering in animals could make health advances. In order to understand this you have to know what Genetic Engineering is, how it is applied to animals, what uses or advantages does this have, and how it should be used but in a careful and regulated manner.
-Internal Preview: We will start with the basics, what genetic engineering is.
I. In the genetic engineering of animals lots of factors are involved.
A. First of all you have to know what DNA is.
1. All living organisms are made up of tiny cells.
2. Cells contain a nucleus, which contains DNA.
3. DNA is what contains the genes.
B. Genes are what determine everything in a living organism.
1. From hair color to diseases.
2. When cells reproduce the DNA strands have to be copied exactly.
C. Cells reproduce by splitting.
1.One cells splits into two cells.
2. When a cell is splitting it makes an exact copy of the DNA in the nucleus so that the new cells will have exactly the same information and nothing in the body will be altered or changed.
3. Sometimes a mistake takes place in cell reproduction and the DNA is not copied exactly.
D. These mistakes are called mutations.
1.Some mutations can be fatal for a living organism.
2. Others might improve it.
E. Genetic Engineering is basically mutations caused by scientists.
1. They can do this by inserting a foreign DNA strand into another DNA code.
2.Animals that are genetic engineered are called Transgenic Animals.
-Transition: Now that we know what transgenic animals are we should examine the uses of them.
II. Transgenic animals have various uses.
A. One of the uses is to improve the study of physiology and development of the human body.
1. For example the factors involve in growth.
2. This has a reverse effect because many companies want to research this in order to find substances or genes that will make animals grow faster and bigger.
3. They will be able to produce bigger animals in less time and can sell at a higher price.
B. Many transgenic animals are used for:
1.Understand how genes and DNA affect or contribute to the development of a disease.
2.They are also used to mimic or copy human diseases, which makes studying the disease relatively easy for scientists.
3.One of the most important use is for research in order to find cures to human diseases.
4.Though sometimes this use presents problems because an animal might not exactly replicate the disease, it might have a different behavior than on humans.
C. The next use is really good and provides a lot of benefits for us humans.
1.It is the ability to produce proteins or substances in their bodies, cells, or blood that can help treat certain diseases in humans.
2.Some examples are:
a.At the Institute for Animal Physiology and Genetic Research in Scotland they were able to produce a human blood-clotting agent in sheep's milk, which is useful for hemophilia.
b.Also pigs that produce human insulin that is used in the treatment of diabetes.
c.Sheep that can generate a human growth hormone in order to help kids with problems grow.
d.Another type of sheep produce AAT that is protein that in needed for the treatment of the lung condition called emphysema.
e.Another substance produced is t-PA, which dissolves blood clots in order to prevent heart attacks, this substance can be produced in a lab but using transgenic animals lowers the cost a lot.
f.BST can be injected into cows in order for them to produce from 10 to 25 percent more milk.
D. Transgenic Animals are also used for testing vaccines and chemicals in the environment for safety.
1.The animals are genetically engineered to be more sensible therefore they will be able to determine whether the vaccines or chemicals will cause something in humans
2.This is an advantage because less animals have to be used and results have to be obtained more quickly.
E. Another use is still in progress but promises wonderful developments.
1.This use is organ donating, scientist intend to be able to donate animal organs to human patients.
2.There are still a few problems because since the organ is going to be raised in the animals body even though it will have human genes there is a possibility that animal diseases can be transmitted to the human patient.
F. The last main use is for agriculture.
1.The transgenic farm animals include cows that produce more milk, sheep that produce more wool and fish, which can grow bigger or can survive in colder temperatures.
2.Although there is also a risk that these animals will suffer unnecessary consequences such as diseases.
- Transition: So as you see there are good and bad consequences of using transgenic animals, lets analyze this.
III. It is important to make clear that not all uses of transgenic animals are ethically sound.
A. There is a huge controversy as to animals being genetically engineered.
1.On one end the pros say it is improving nature, but the opposition refers to genetic engineering as playing God.
2.The important concept to understand is that not all genetic engineering is good, but there are some uses which would improve many aspects in human health.
B. The main disadvantages of transgenic animals include
2.Animals who do not behave as they were expected with the inserted gene are sometimes killed because they have no purpose.
3.Some animals may suffer secondary effects like pain and distress.
C. But there are also advantages
1.Cures for fatal diseases like AIDS and Cancer can be researched and maybe even found.
2.If scientists can develop a way to engineer animal organs so they could be turned into usable organs for human patients, thousands of lives would be saved.
- Internal Summary: We have now talked about what transgenic animals are, what are they used for, and the controversy transgenic animals arise.
To conclude it is important to say transgenic animals can be a revolution in the study of diseases and their cures as long as their use and experimentation is carefully regulated. Only the most promising work and experimentation should be allowed. This way the benefits would including saving thousands of human lives at the expense of some animal lives. But as the scientists improve the need to use animals in a bad way will decrease and everything will be better. In the end, transgenic animals are a wonderful advance and if people support it we will help in the quest for improving human health. | <urn:uuid:c3d8f4ae-506a-48de-982e-099d6e4aa277> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.writework.com/essay/transgenic-animals-these-animals-genetically-engineered | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00419-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951669 | 1,467 | 3.1875 | 3 |
Finding a way to handle substance abuse or a mental health disorder starts with understanding the options available to address personal concerns in an insurance policy. When you or a loved one abuses a substance, seeking professional treatment in a rehabilitation program allows you to address the underlying cause of the condition and situation. In Connecticut, Aetna offers coverage for health and wellness through employers and group plans.
The basic coverage in an Aetna policy depends on the details of the plan and the goals of the employer. Generally, the policy covers most health concerns and mental health disorders. The exact amount of coverage depends on the specific details in the policy. For example, a basic policy usually covers emergency treatments or outpatient programs, but might set limitations on the in-patient options available. In most cases, you must pay the stated deductible before coverage applies to the situation.
A comprehensive policy usually offers more solutions and options for mental health disorders and addiction. If an employer provided or group policy offers comprehensive options, it will usually allow you to seek treatment for substance abuse and rehabilitation as long as you comply with the standards stated in your policy. For example, you might need to pay the deductible and stay within the Aetna network. Some policies do not pay for out-of-network treatment programs or limit coverage to the out-of-network options. Furthermore, the exact amount of coverage will usually depend on the type of program you select. Outpatient programs usually require a stated co-payment for each visit, such as $25 to $50 per visit. Residential care usually sets a percentage of the treatment costs, such as paying 80 percent of the costs and requiring a co-payment of 20 percent.
While Aetna offers policies in Connecticut, it is primarily available through employers, group programs or Medicare rather than individual policies. As a result, individuals must work with the options provided by an employer.
In most cases, employers offer one or more policies through Aetna that provide different levels of coverage. For example, the employer might offer a basic Bronze policy with basic coverage and a Silver policy with standard and more comprehensive coverage. The exact details depend on the specific employer and the options available through the employer, so individuals must evaluate the options available through the company to determine and appropriate option.
Limitations usually apply to any policy provided by an employer based on the needs and goals of the group. For example, the policy will usually cover addiction recovery and rehabilitation treatment, but it might set limitations on the duration of treatment or the type of treatment options available for your recovery goals. Pay attention to any exceptions, limits or details that impact your treatment goals to ensure that your Aetna policy helps with your recovery.
After identifying your coverage, consider the treatment options available for your situation. In most cases, you want to compare in-patient and out-patient programs based on your situation. If you cannot take time off work for treatment or you have obligations that limit the time available for treatment, then consider an outpatient facility. When you need more comprehensive treatment and have time available for the treatment, consider a residential, inpatient facility.
You also want to consider the treatment solutions available in the program. In most cases, evidence-based and holistic programs offer the tools you need to recover. For example, evidence-based treatments use tools like cognitive behavioral therapy to help address behaviors and thought patterns. Holistic treatments evaluate the entire situation and then develop a personalized treatment plan based on your needs and goals.
Traditional treatments use tools like counseling and group therapy to address substance abuse or mental health disorders. Consider programs that also offer detoxification services or that help connect you to a detox program to start the recovery process.
The best treatment program in Connecticut for your goals will depend on the situation and the underlying complications that contribute to substance abuse. Compare a variety of options before finalizing any plans for your recovery goals. To learn more about treatment options or to compare different programs, use the tools at DrugRehab.org or contact us today! | <urn:uuid:22c127f8-fa6f-4171-bdb1-c10d6a96f54e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://drugrehab.org/aetna-drug-rehab/aetna-drug-rehab-coverage-in-connecticut/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.925608 | 810 | 1.632813 | 2 |
There are a lot of teachers, like myself, who have a growing interest in psychology and its application to the classroom environment. I can’t speak for anyone else but my studies in this area have been completely “student-led” and are therefore undisciplined. I have a great many holes in my knowledge and probably harbour a good number of misconceptions.
It turns out that I’m not alone. Even experienced psychologists often make errors in the terminology and concepts that they use. Two papers led by Scott Lilienfeld highlight this deficiency of discourse. The first lists 50 terms to avoid. These terms are “inaccurate, misleading, misused, ambiguous or logically confused.” The second lists 50 pairs of words which are often confused but mean very different things.
The papers are highly readable and absolutely fascinating and chock-full of further reading. Aware of the fact that my fellow psych-amateurs probably won’t have time to read through 100 terms and word pairs, I have copied and pasted the ones I think are most important for teachers on a day-to-day basis. I have added a couple of sentences here and there in italics to illustrate cases where I think they might be relevant. I hope you find it as interesting as I did.
Terms to avoid
(4) Brain region X lights up. Many authors in the popular and academic literatures use such phrases as “brain area X lit up following manipulation Y” (e.g., Morin, 2011). This phrase is unfortunate for several reasons. First, the bright red and orange colors seen on functional brain imaging scans are superimposed by researchers to reflect regions of higher brain activation. Nevertheless, they may engender a perception of “illumination” in viewers. Second, the activations represented by these colors do not reflect neural activity per se; they reflect oxygen uptake by neurons and are at best indirect proxies of brain activity. Even then, this linkage may sometimes be unclear or perhaps absent (Ekstrom, 2010). Third, in almost all cases, the activations observed on brain scans are the products of subtraction of one experimental condition from another. Hence, they typically do not reflect the raw levels of neural activation in response to an experimental manipulation. For this reason, referring to a brain region that displays little or no activation in response to an experimental manipulation as a “dead zone” (e.g., Lamont, 2008) is similarly misleading. Fourth, depending on the neurotransmitters released and the brain areas in which they are released, the regions that are “activated” in a brain scan may actually be being inhibited rather than excited (Satel and Lilienfeld, 2013). Hence, from a functional perspective, these areas may be being “lit down” rather than “lit up.”
If anyone tries to sell you an educational programme based on neuroscience and brains lighting up be very suspicious
(9) Genetically determined. Few if any psychological capacities are genetically “determined”; at most, they are genetically influenced. Even schizophrenia, which is among the most heritable of all mental disorders, appears to have a heritability of between 70 and 90% as estimated by twin designs (Mulle, 2012), leaving room for still undetermined environmental influences. Moreover, data strongly suggest that schizophrenia and most other major mental disorders are highly polygenic. In addition, the heritability of most adult personality traits, such as neuroticism and extraversion, appears to be between 30 and 60% (Kandler, 2012). This finding again points to a potent role for environmental influences.
Genetics is very complicated. I think I’m just not going to get involved with it. I’m not sure what difference it makes to day to day teaching anyway.
(12) Hard-wired. The term “hard-wired” has become enormously popular in press accounts and academic writings in reference to human psychological capacities that are presumed by some scholars to be partially innate, such as religion, cognitive biases, prejudice, or aggression. For example, one author team reported that males are more sensitive than females to negative news stories and conjectured that males may be “hard wired for negative news” (Grabe and Kamhawi, 2006, p. 346). Nevertheless, growing data on neural plasticity suggest that, with the possible exception of inborn reflexes, remarkably few psychological capacities in humans are genuinely hard-wired, that is, inflexible in their behavioral expression (Huttenlocher, 2009; Shermer, 2015). Moreover, virtually all psychological capacities, including emotions and language, are modifiable by environmental experiences (Merzenich, 2013).
Similar to above
(14) Influence of gender (or social class, education, ethnicity, depression, extraversion, intelligence, etc.) on X. “Influence” and cognate terms, such as effect, are inherently causal in nature. Hence, they should be used extremely judiciously in reference to individual differences, such as personality traits (e.g., extraversion), or group differences (e.g., gender), which cannot be experimentally manipulated. This is not to say that individual or group differences cannot exert a causal influence on behavior (Funder, 1991), only that research designs that examine these differences are virtually always (with the rare exception of “experiments of nature,” in which individual differences are altered by unusual events) correlation or quasi-experimental. Hence, researchers should be explicit that when using such phrases as “the influence of gender,” they are almost always proposing a hypothesis from the data, not drawing a logically justified conclusion from them. This inferential limitation notwithstanding, the phrase “the influence of gender” alone appears in over 45,000 manuscripts in the Google Scholar database (e.g., Bertakis et al., 1995).
Schools are obsessed with “groups” of students and we should be very careful and sceptical when discussing cause and effect.
(20) Objective personality test. Many authors refer to paper-and-pencil personality instruments that employ a standard (e.g., True–False) item response format, such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2), as “objective tests” (Proyer and Häusler, 2007), ostensibly to contrast them with more “subjective” measures, such as unstructured interviews or projective techniques (e.g., the Rorschach Inkblot Test). Nevertheless, although the former measures can be scored objectively, that is, with little or no error (but see Allard and Faust, 2000, for evidence of non-trivial error rates in the hand-scoring of the MMPI and other purported “objective” personality tests), they often require considerable subjective judgment on the part of respondents. For example, an item such as “I have many headaches” can be interpreted in numerous ways arising from ambiguity in the meanings of “many” and “headache’ (Meehl, 1945). So-called “objective” personality tests are also often subjective with respect to interpretation (Rogers, 2003). For example, even different computerized MMPI-2 interpretive programs display only moderate levels of inter-rater agreement regarding proposed diagnoses (Pant et al., 2014). Not surprisingly, clinicians routinely disagree in their interpretations of profiles on the MMPI-2 and other “objective” tests (Garb, 1998). We therefore recommend that these measures be called “structured” tests (Kaplan and Saccuzzo, 2012), a term that refers only to their response format and that carries no implication that they are interpreted objectively by either examinee or examiner.
Schools: stop handing out personality tests! I don’t even know why we do these; is there any evidence that students doing a Myers-Briggs or OCEAN actually helps them in any way?
(26) Steep learning curve. Scores of authors use the phrase “steep learning curve” or “sharp learning curve” in reference to a skill that is difficult to master. For example, when referring to the difficulty of learning a complex surgical procedure (endoscopic pituitary surgery), one author team contended that it “requires a steep learning curve” (Koc et al., 2006, p. 299). Nevertheless, from the standpoint of learning theory, these and other authors have it backward, because a steep learning curve, i.e., a curve with a large positive slope, is associated with a skill that is acquired easily and rapidly (Hopper et al., 2007).
That makes sense when you put it like that. *facepalm*
(30) Acting out. Numerous articles use this term as a synonym for any kind of externalizing or antisocial behavior, including delinquency (e.g., Weinberger and Gomes, 1995). In fact, the term “acting out” carries a specific psychoanalytic meaning that refers to the behavioral enactment of unconscious drives that are ostensibly forbidden by the superego (Fenichel, 1945). Hence, this term should not be used interchangeably with disruptive behavior of all kinds and attributable to all causes.
Confused pairs of terms
(1) “Negative reinforcement” versus “punishment.” This distinction is familiar to every introductory psychology student, who knows (or at least learned) that negative reinforcement, which involves the withdrawal of a stimulus, increases the likelihood of a previous behavior, whereas punishment, which involves the presentation of a stimulus, decreases the likelihood of a previous behavior (Baron and Galizio, 2006). Nevertheless, this fact has not prevented the misuse of these terms in numerous popular sources and even television shows, including The Big Bang Theory (see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LhI5h5JZi-U), not to mention their ubiquitous confusion by generations of undergraduate psychology students (Tauber, 1988). For example, in a news story entitled “British Soccer Players Get Negative Reinforcement,” the reporter (Michelson, 2011) described a policy whereby members of a British soccer team were forced to drive around in an old, ugly car for a week following a disappointing showing in a game. In fact, the team management was almost surely punishing, not negatively reinforcing, its poorly performing players. It probably goes without saying that the phrase “punishing reinforcer” (e.g., Gupta and Shukla, 1989) is a whopping oxymoron, at least in behavioral lingo.
So negative reinforcement is removing an impediment so perhaps giving a student a lunch pass as a reward removes the impediment of having to queue. Punishment is a detention.
(4) “Working memory” versus “short-term memory.” Although these terms are often used interchangeably (e.g., Veletsianos and Russell, 2014), most contemporary cognitive psychology scholars differentiate between them. Specifically, working memory is typically regarded as an interrelated group of systems for the transient storage and manipulation of information. In contrast, short-term memory is typically regarded as one specific system within the broader working memory apparatus, namely, as a system that serves as a “scratch pad” for keeping information active in memory for a few seconds before it is handed off to other systems for further processing (Baddeley, 1986; Cowan, 2008).
Very important one especially given the current trend for cognitive science.
(5) “Conformity” versus “obedience.” Although both terms refer to forms of social influence, they differ in at least two ways. In conformity, the direction of social influence is “horizontal,” that is, from one or more peers to an individual, whereas in obedience, the direction is “vertical,” that is, from one or more authority figures to an individual. Moreover, in conformity, the influence is typically implicit (covert), whereas in obedience, it is typically explicit (overt; Loevinger, 1987). For example, whereas the famous Asch (1956) line judgment studies are properly construed as investigations of conformity, the famous Milgram (1963) shock generator studies are properly construed as investigations of obedience. This distinction notwithstanding, some authors refer to Milgram’s studies as investigations of conformity (e.g., Wite, 1987).
These ones get thrown around quite a bit as “dirty words” reminiscent of renegade behaviourist teachers with antiquated behaviour management expectations. But they have very specific meanings and shouldn’t be chucked around as pejoratives.
(10) “Anxiety” versus “fear.” Numerous authors use these terms interchangeably. For example, Wolpe (1987) elected to discuss anxiety and fear synonymously “because they are physiologically indistinguishable” (p. 135). Nevertheless, a consistent body of literature demonstrates that measures of anxiety and fear are weakly or best moderately correlated and display different psychological and physiological correlates (White and Depue, 1999; LeDoux and Pine, 2016). For example, in the brain, anxiety tends to be left lateralized, whereas fear tends to be right lateralized (Sylvers et al., 2011). The bulk of the research literature further suggests that anxiety is associated with negative affect in the presence of an ambiguous and potentially avoidable threat, whereas fear is associated with negative affect in the presence of an imminent and largely unavoidable threat. Moreover, anxiety tends to persist even after threat dissipates, whereas fear tends to diminish or disappear after threat dissipates (Sylvers et al., 2011).
An interesting one when considering student attitudes to stressful situations
(11) “Empathy” versus “sympathy.” Although the construct of empathy appears to be heterogeneous and is often ill defined (Zaki, 2014), most authors define empathy as entailing the capacity to appreciate or grasp the emotions of others. In the eyes of most (e.g., Bloom, 2017) but all not all (e.g., Baron-Cohen, 2011) scholars, the individual experiencing empathy is presumed to experience the same emotions, such as distress, fear, or unhappiness, as is the target of empathy. In contrast, in sympathy, the individual typically experiences concern or compassion for the other person (Clark, 2010; Decety and Michalska, 2010). According to most authors, in empathy, the emotional experience of the two individuals is therefore largely isomorphic, whereas in sympathy, this experience tends to differ considerably
This is another interesting one; these words get bandied around quite a bit when dealing with conflict at school.
(13) “Repression” versus “suppression.” In psychoanalytic lingo, repression is a defense mechanism marked by the unconscious motivated forgetting of unpleasant material. In contrast, suppression is a defense mechanism marked by the conscious forgetting of unpleasant material (Akhtar, 2009). Some authors have argued, with reasonable justification, that several widely cited laboratory studies that have purported to provide persuasive evidence for repression (e.g., Levy and Anderson, 2002) in fact provide evidence only for suppression (Kihlstrom, 2002).
I actually reckon these words should be banned by teachers as they smack of armchair psycho-analytics which teachers shouldn’t be a part of.
(50) “Testing” versus “assessment.” Psychological testing refers to the act of administering psychological measures, such as self-report indices, interviews, or intelligence tests, to individuals. In contrast, psychological assessment refers to the integration and interpretation of test scores, almost always in conjunction with other information (e.g., life history data, behavioral observations during testing) to draw inferences concerning the individual’s mental status (Matarazzo, 1990; Hecker and Thorpe, 2005).
This ones really interesting and I wonder if we need to make a similar distinction. I can give my students a test, but when I take that test together with other data I have then I can make an assessment of a student’s learning. This distinction would be vital in understanding AfL: if you ask students a question or to perform some task that is a test not an assessment. The assessment is the way you take that data and other sources of information to establish next steps.
For those looking for more I recommend Didau & Rose, Psychology: What Every Teacher Needs to Know. I really enjoyed it. You can read a good review here by Sue Gerrard. | <urn:uuid:719dbc9a-dd6c-47f9-8c68-10c6ba9e81ab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://achemicalorthodoxy.wordpress.com/2017/08/31/playing-at-psychology/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.936325 | 3,493 | 2.953125 | 3 |
iPad and "Content Creation"
In doing research this week, I came across an article by Richard Gaywood that I found to be one of the most balanced takes on the three year-old iPad is for consumption/creation subject.
No device is one-size-fits-all, including the iPad. It's fine to acknowledge the shortcomings of an iPad for content creation, whilst keeping in mind that these are only shortcomings -- not hard limits. What's important is understanding your needs and the ways different devices can fulfil or frustrate them. What's important is the nuance; the shades of grey between the "the iPad is a toy" and "the iPad is the future of computing" extremes.
Whenever I "criticize" a shortcoming of iOS or the iPad, I'm accused of being a "bored geek" who doesn't consider "real life scenarios". In this regard, I particularly appreciate Richard's real-life practical examples:
Other tasks are complicated by the way you can only see one app at once and because switching back and forth is relatively slow and relatively laborious (which is why many bloggers have asked for cmd-tab support on iOS.) Try making a calendar entry from details sent in an email, for example -- if the automatic tap-to-make-entry fails you, lots of tedious back-and-forthing between two apps becomes necessary. Try collating data from a dozen disconnected cells in a spreadsheet into a wordprocessor document. Try cross-checking two spreadsheets against each other. Try following a tutorial in a web page about how to carry out a task in your presentation software. Try plagiarising a Wikipedia page by subtly rewording it into a high school paper. And so on, and so forth.
Saying that the iPad can be used for "content creation" isn't a crusade against people who don't like Apple, iOS, or the iPad. Similarly, blindly insisting that the iPad is for "consumption only" is just silly and shortsighted. More importantly, the term content is awful. So, for the sake of this linked post, I'm going to refer to the issue as: doing real work and/or tasks that you'd normally do on a computer.
Once iOS reached a certain degree of "basic functionality", I've always thought this discussion sounded like arguing about your favorite color. Being "objective" in regards to the iPad's capabilities is, ultimately, subjective: I can say that the Nebulous Notes macros are objectively fast and they make writing in Markdown easier for me; my girlfriend can objectively state that graphic design work is severely limited on the iPad. So who's right? Well, nobody is. But nobody is "wrong", either.
Like Richard says, the truth is more nuanced. And I will add: it really depends on the kind of software you're looking for. Out of the box, the iPad can't do much for a writer, but there are hundreds of good/great apps for text editing on the App Store. On the opposite side of the spectrum, even a jet fighter pilot managed to make an iPad work for him thanks to third-party apps and accessories. Now consider all those shades in the middle: teachers, students, corporate employees, sale reps, doctors. Condemning and glorifying the iPad on principle as a "work" machine won't let us get to the core of the subject -- because the actual core are those millions of people using the iPad every day for thousands of different tasks. And in that case, a single blogger can't expect to cover all the possible combinations. Keep in mind that many of those "iPad is consumption" complaints come from journalists who often deal with complex web-based CMSes, multi-author editing workflows, and lots of email attachments. Admittedly, the iPad isn't as efficient as the Mac at completing those tasks.
Which, again, is why I like Richard's article. Judging a device with a black/white meter isn't the way to go. But: there are pragmatic examples worth mentioning as areas of improvements. He touched upon many of the topics I've covered as well: opening documents in various apps; text selection; switching from a browser to something else. I believe we can safely agree that those areas could use some attention by Apple now.
The thing is, I'm not writing headlines about the iPad being "the best device for creation" or "consumption only". I am sharing what works for me and I'm just happy to show other people that the App Store comes with great apps that we can leverage when it comes to writing, reading, doing research, and other tasks that I care about. | <urn:uuid:d945a794-7fa8-4154-88eb-5bc587bac224> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.macstories.net/links/ipad-and-content-creation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721355.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00013-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956305 | 956 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Radio amateurs are inventive people, and though not all of them choose to follow it there is a healthy culture of buildng radio equipment among them. In particular the field of antennas is where you’ll find a lot of their work, because the barrier to entry can be as low as the cost of a reel of wire.
Over the years a number of innovative antenna designs have come from radio amateurs’ experimentation, and it’s one of the more recent we’d like to share with you today following a [Southgate ARC] story about a book describing its theory (Here’s an Amazon link to the book itself). The Poynting Vector antenna has been one of those novel designs on the fringes for a while now, it has been variously described as the “Super-T”, or the “flute”. Its party piece is tiny dimensions, a fraction of the size of a conventional dipole, and it achieves that by the interaction between a magnetic field across the plates of a capacitor in a tuned circuit and the electric field between a very short pair of dipole radiators. The trade-off is that it has an extremely high Q and thus a narrow bandwidth, and since its feeder can become part of its resonant circuit it is notoriously difficult to match to a transmitter. [Alan MacDonald, VE3TET] and [Paul Birke, VE3PVB] have a detailed page on the development of their Poynting antenna which takes the reader through the details of its theory and the development of their practical version.
In the roof space above the room in which this is being written there hangs a traditional dipole for the 20m amateur band. Though it is a very effective antenna given that it is made from a couple of pieces of wire and a ferrite core it takes most of the length of the space, and as we’re sure Hackaday readers with callsigns will agree a relatively tiny alternative is always very welcome.
If antennas are a mystery to you then we’d suggest you read an introduction to antenna basics to get you started.
IoT-ifying old stuff is cool. Or even new, offline stuff. It seems to be a trend. And it’s sexy. Yes, it is. Why are people doing this, you may ask: we say why not? Why shouldn’t a toaster be on the IoT? Or a drill press? Or a radio? Yes, a radio.
[Dr. Wummi] just added another device to the IoT, the Internet of Thongs as he calls it. It’s a Philips MCM205 Micro Sound System radio. He wanted to automate his radio but his original idea of building a setup with an infrared LED to remotely control it failed. He blamed it to “some funky IR voodoo”. So he decided to go for an ESP8266 based solution with a NodeMCU. ESP8266 IR remotes have been known to work before but maybe those were just not voodoo grade.
After opening the radio up, he quickly found that the actual AM/FM Radio was a separate module. The manufacturer was kind enough to leave the pins nicely labelled on the mainboard. Pins labelled SCL/SDA hinted that AM/FM module spoke I²C. He tapped in the protocol via Bus Pirate and it was clear that the radio had an EEPROM somewhere on the main PCB. A search revealed a 24C02 IC in the board, which is a 2K I²C EEPROM. So far so good but there were other functionalities left to control, like volume or CD playing. For that, he planned to tap into the front push button knob. The push button had different resistors and were wired in series so they generated different voltages at the main board radio ADC Pins. He tried to PWM with the NodeMCU to simulate this but it just didn’t work.
Continue reading “ESP-ing a Philips Sound System.”
Phased array antenna systems are at the cusp of ubiquity. We now see Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna systems on WiFi routers. Soon phased array weather radar systems will help to predict the weather and keep air travel safe, and phased array base stations will be the backbone of 5G which is the next generation of wireless data communication. But what is a phased array antenna system? How do they work? With the help of 1024 LEDs we’ll show you.
Continue reading “Visualization of a Phased Array Antenna System”
There was a time when electronic hackers (or hobbyist, enthusiasts, geeks, or whatever you want to be called) were better than average at geography. Probably because most of us listened to shortwave radio or even transmitted with ham radio gear. These days, if you try listening to shortwave, you have to be pretty patient. Unless you want to hear religious broadcasters or programming aimed at the third world, there’s not much broadcast traffic to listen to anymore
The reason, of course, is the Internet. But we’ve often thought that it isn’t quite the same. When you tuned in London on your homebrew regenerative receiver, you wanted to know where that voice was coming from, and you couldn’t help but learn more about the area and the people who live there. Tune into a BBC live stream on the Internet, and it might as well be any other stream or podcast from anywhere in the world.
The New Shortwave
Maybe we need to turn kids on to Radio Garden. Superficially, it isn’t a big deal. Another catalog of streaming radio stations. You can find plenty of those around. But Radio Garden has an amazing interface (and a few other unique features). That interface is a globe. You can see dots everywhere there’s a broadcast station and with a click, you are listening to that station. The static and tuning noises are a nice touch.
Continue reading “Listen to the Globe”
Numbers stations are shortwave stations that broadcast cryptic messages that are widely assumed to be used for communications between nation states and spies. But who’s to say it’s up to the government to have all the fun? If you’ve always dreamed of running your own spy ring, you’ll need a way to talk to them too. Start with this guide on how to run your own numbers station.
The requirements are simple – you just need random numbers, one time pads for each recipient (available from our store!) and a way to send the audio – ideally a powerful shortwave transmitter, but for an intelligence agency on a budget, online streaming will work. Then you’re ready to send your message. [Jake Zielke] shares techniques on how to easily encode a message into numbers for transmission, and how to encrypt them with one time pad techniques. Done properly, this is an unbreakable form of encryption. [Jake] then rounds out the guide with tips on how to format your station’s transmissions to address multiple secret agents effectively.
It’s a great way to get started in the world of spooky secret radio communications. All the tools needed to get started are available on the page, so you’ll be up and running in no time. Meanwhile, why not do a little more research on the history of numbers stations?
Old American radios (and we mean really old ones) took several kinds of batteries. The A battery powered the filaments (generally 1.5V at a high current draw). The B battery powered the plate (much lower current, but a higher voltage–typically 90V). In Britain these were the LT (low tension) and HT (high tension) batteries. If you want to rebuild and operate old radios, you have to come up with a way to generate that B voltage.
Most people opt to use an AC supply. You can daisy-chain a bunch of 9V batteries, but that really ruins the asthetics of the radio. [VA3NGC] had a better idea: he built a reproduction B battery from a wooden box, some brass hardware, a nixie tube power supply, and a 9V battery (which remains hidden). There’s also a handful of zener diodes, resistors, and capacitors to allow different taps depending on the voltage required.
The project looks great. The wooden box apparently was a recycle item and the brass hardware makes it look like it belongs with the old radios it powers. This is a good example of how there’s more to vintage restoration than just the electronics. Sure, the function is important, but to really enjoy the old gear, the presentation is important, too.
Not all tube radios took 90V B+, but since this battery has taps, that isn’t a problem. The old Radio Shack P-Box kit took 22.5V. Of course, if you are going to build your own battery, maybe you ought to build your own triodes, too.
It used to be pretty keen to stuff a radio receiver into an Altoid’s tin, or to whip up a tiny crystal receiver from a razor blade and a pencil stub. But Harvard researchers have far surpassed those achievements in miniaturization with a nano-scale FM receiver built from a hacked diamond.
As with all such research, the experiments in [Marko Lončar]’s lab are nowhere near as simple as the press release makes things sound. While it’s true that a two-atom cell is the minimal BOM for a detector, the device heard belting out a seasonal favorite from [Andy Williams] in the video below uses billions of nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) centers. N-V centers replace carbon atoms in the diamond crystal with nitrogen atoms; this causes a “vacancy” in the crystal lattice and lends photoluminescent properties to the diamond that are sensitive to microwaves. When pumped by a green laser, incident FM radio waves in the 2.8 GHz range are transduced into AM fluorescent signals that can be detected with a photodiode and amplifier.
The full paper has all the details, shows that the radio can survive extreme pressure and temperature regimes, and describes potential applications for the system. It’s far from a home-gamer’s hack at this point, but it’s a neat trick and one to watch for future exploitation. In the meantime, here’s an accidental FM radio with a pretty small footprint.
Continue reading “Hacked Diamond Makes Two-Atom Radio” | <urn:uuid:cc9bddc7-9b63-4707-8329-aa8281a7d668> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://hackaday.com/tag/radio/page/2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00023-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945449 | 2,234 | 2.390625 | 2 |
PORTLAND, Maine — A federal court order has been issued outlining the dates by which the boundary lines for Maine’s two congressional districts must be redrawn.
In an order filed Wednesday in U.S. District Court in Portland, Judge George Singal writes that the Maine Legislature should complete its redistricting work by Sept. 30. If the Legislature can’t complete the task, the Maine Supreme Judicial Court has until Nov. 15 to finish the reapportionment.
The order says if a redistricting plan based on 2010 census data isn’t adopted within those deadlines, the federal court will proceed with its own reapportionment of the districts.
Singal and two other judges ruled this month that Maine’s congressional districts are unconstitutional based on the latest census data and must be redrawn before the 2012 congressional elections. | <urn:uuid:218888ef-c4b5-48a4-a8d7-5ec3b37e893a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://bangordailynews.com/2011/06/23/uncategorized/judge-issues-timeline-in-maine-redistricting/?ref=inline | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721405.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00314-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928748 | 171 | 1.703125 | 2 |
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On-line version ISSN 1678-4596
HEINZ, Rafael et al. Decomposition and nutrient release of crambe and fodder radish residues. Cienc. Rural [online]. 2011, vol.41, n.9, pp.1549-1555. ISSN 1678-4596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-84782011000900010.
This study aimed to evaluate the decomposition and nutrient release from crop residues of fodder radish and crambe in the implementation of no-tillage system. The experiment was conducted in a Distroferric Red Latossol with 762g kg-1 of clay. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications. The treatments were applied in split plots, considering the species of cover crops (radish and crambe) as the main plots and harvest dates of decomposition bags (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 days after management) as subplots. The cover crops were treated 60 days after management, in full bloom. Radish presented a dry mass production of 5586kg ha-1 and crambe of 2688kg ha-1. The kinetics of residue decomposition had a behavior similar to the dynamics of nutrient release, with an initial rapid phase followed by a slower one. The K, P and Mg are released more quickly for subsequent crops. The increased speed of nutrients release by crops occurred around 15 days after the biomass management.
Keywords : Raphanus sativus; Crambe abyssinica; nutrient cycling. | <urn:uuid:fe4b3f40-f9e2-45d5-96c9-a530903fb6db> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0103-84782011000900010&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00220-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.904275 | 361 | 1.960938 | 2 |
In modern world day after
day technology is changing very fast and we have to keep
in pace with present technology. Sensors made in
were little bigger in size, hence, with vigorous thought
we successfully innovated more than 300 sensors of small
sructure. These sensors are not only accomodative but
also good for users. PROXIMITY SWITCHERS :Inductive/Capacitive
/ Namur/ Analogue (Dia 6-50 mm) IR SENSORS :Reflective / Retro refelective
/ Diffused MAGNETIC PICk - UP :Reed Switch / TTL
Pick-Up Mark Detector, Fork Sensor, Ink Level controller,
Web Sensor, Fiber Optic, Laser Beam, Float Switch, Flight
Trigger, Variable Sensing Distance.
Stopper cum Proximity Switch
are direct one to one replacement for many imported
switches and are widely used in stacking positions
sensing any material, metallic or non-metallic
by opto - Electronic principle
detecting print marks on packaging papers on auto-packaging
machines or paper reels on cutting machines, toothpaste
filling machines and general with those system
which requires positioning of the print mark.
sense all materials, metallic or even non-metallic
material like paper, water, chemicals, powder,
leather, wood, plastic, granules etc. generally
used to monitor / control level in tank containing
granules, powder, liquid or any other material.
Switchers having output directly from oscillator
circuit. Fine trimming of the sensing distance
cum Proximity Switch
in plastic body with replacable S.S. plunger assembly.
The S.S. plunger as a positive stopper for Pneumatic
and Robotic assemblies and has direct input protection
upto 2 tones. Stroke length can be adjusted precisely.
Max. Allowable Ripple
No Load current
Maximum Freq. of operation
Ambient Temp : 25°
to 75° C
Annunciation by LED Indication Standard Cable : 2 Mtrs
Specifications for NAMUR Type
Niminal voltage 8.2 V
Control Unit for regular switches
High ambient temperature upto 120°C
Rectabgular shape front/side plane sensing
Higher switching freq. Other different shapes like
Ring type, Fork type, Plain cylindrical type etc. | <urn:uuid:7b2ccbc2-7b77-44ac-911c-0e2368adfbd4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.microtechsystemindia.com/sensors.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00314-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.71882 | 515 | 1.929688 | 2 |
NASA and its dozens of missions gather hundreds of terabytes of data every hour. Data pour in every day like rushing rivers. Spacecraft monitor everything from our home planet to faraway galaxies, beaming back images and information to Earth. All those digital records need to be stored, indexed and processed so that spacecraft engineers, scientists and people across the globe can use the data to understand Earth and the universe beyond.
Mission planners and software engineers are coming up with new strategies for managing the ever-increasing flow of such large and complex data streams.
Scientists use big data for everything from predicting weather on Earth to monitoring ice caps on Mars to searching for distant galaxies,” said Eric De Jong of JPL, principal investigator for NASA’s Solar System Visualization project. “We are the keepers of the data, and the users are the astronomers and scientists who need images, mosaics, maps and movies to find patterns and verify theories.”
De Jong explains that there are three aspects to wrangling data from space missions: storage, processing and access. The first task, to store or archive the data, is naturally more challenging for larger volumes of data. The Square Kilometer Array (SKA), a planned array of thousands of telescopes in South Africa and Australia, illustrates this problem. Led by the SKA Organization based in England and scheduled to begin construction in 2016, the array will scan the skies for radio waves coming from the earliest galaxies known.
JPL is involved with archiving the array’s torrents of images: 700 terabytes of data are expected to rush in every day. That’s equivalent to all the data flowing on the Internet every two days. Rather than build more hardware, engineers are busy developing creative software tools to better store the information, such as “cloud computing” techniques and automated programs for extracting data.
We don’t need to reinvent the wheel,” said Chris Mattmann, a principal investigator for JPL’s big-data initiative.”We can modify open-source computer codes to create faster, cheaper solutions.”
JPL has been increasingly bringing open-source software into its fold, creating improved data processing tools for space missions. The JPL tools then go back out into the world for others to use for different applications.
Read the Full Story. | <urn:uuid:11cab56a-6a59-446a-bdf7-e5122d2741ca> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://insidebigdata.com/2013/10/19/managing-deluge-big-data-space/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00206-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.88626 | 481 | 3.859375 | 4 |
What’s going on
in Syria is not a Western or Zionist conspiracy either, as some
liberals have persuaded themselves. Syria’s people are fighting
for liberation from long decades of tyranny and the world must
stand by them.
The longer the world dithers in dealing with Syria, the more
innocents it will be guilty of sending to their death
WHEN the history of these
interesting times is written, the people of Syria will perhaps
take their place right at the top. Of course, the courage and
leadership demonstrated by the people of Tunisia and Egypt in
challenging the old, ossified order will forever define the Arab
Spring. It was their resolve and courage under fire that turned
the region around, heralding a democratic dawn that has become a
metaphor for change around the world.
However, most inspiring as the epic sacrifices of the people of
Egypt, Tunisia, Libya and Yemen are, they seem to pale against the
price being paid right now by the Syrians. They were the late
bloomers of the Arab Spring, coming out on the streets
diffidently, almost apologetically, much after the tsunami of
change set off by Tunisia had turned the region upside down.
Those peaceful and polite Syrian protests acquired an infectious
momentum of their own in no time after they provoked the same
vicious and casually ruthless response from Bashar Assad that
seems to come naturally to all “socialist Arab republics.”
And look what the people of Syria have already been through. It’s
nearly a year since they took to the streets and they have offered
thousands of lives in their fight against the regime. It is a
totally one-sided war — peaceful and defenseless multitudes facing
the full power of a pitiless regime.
This lopsided fight looked doomed from the start — even before it
had begun. At least, that’s how it had appeared to the rest of the
world. However, the Syrians are hanging on in there, fearlessly
facing the cowards who call themselves their leaders. They remain
steadfast in the face of death and destruction, even as they go
about patiently burying their loved ones in scores and hundreds
across the country on a daily basis.
And the world watches, horrified — and utterly helpless. So much
for the international community and its fine institutions! Where’s
the civilized world when it’s needed most? What is the point of
institutions like the United Nations when they cannot stop the
endless, cold-blooded massacre of a helpless people at the hands
of its own rulers and army?
Much has been said about the Western double standards and
hypocrisy, including by yours truly. But what Russia and China
have just done to torpedo a UN resolution against the killers in
Damascus even as the world watches the carnage on television
screens is as shameful as what the US and its allies have
repeatedly done to protect Israel in the world body. The Russians
and Chinese have Syrian blood on their hands. They are guilty by
association, just as the West is.
God knows I am no fan of foreign interventions to put out domestic
fires, given the long history of Western adventures in the region
and around the world. However, when innocents, defenseless people
are getting killed in cold blood for demanding what’s their right,
the rest of the world cannot remain a mute spectator. It must act
and act fast. I am not suggesting another Western adventure a la
Iraq and Afghanistan. How about an international peacekeeping
force headed by the UN? After all, protecting peace is the world
Ideally, this should have been done by the Arab and Islamic world.
But there’s nothing ideal about the long divided Muslim world.
There should have been a regional or Arab-Muslim peace force,
along the lines of the NATO and African Union. But this is perhaps
asking too much of those who themselves are critically dependent
on others for their protection!
Nevertheless the Arab League, long reproached for its laidback
ways, has redeemed itself by reaching out to the besieged people
of Syria and repeatedly confronting the killer clique in Damascus
that has outdone itself and all such regimes in savagery and
brutality. Indeed, the League had abandoned its hallowed tradition
of studied indifference and “noninterference” in the affairs of
member states when Libya’s Qaddafi diverted all his manic energy
and firepower at his disposal to obliterate his people.
Which is what Assad is doing now, eyes wide shut to the fate that
befell Qaddafi and other fellow travelers before and after him.
The end of this evil regime is a foregone conclusion. But before
it crumbles under the weight of its own crimes, it could kill
thousands of more innocent and helpless people and totally raze
Syria. The scenes of women and children running for their lives —
captured in videos posted on YouTube and Aljazeera — as the tanks
pound homes in Homs and towns and cities all across the country
are heart rending. Are Moscow and Beijing watching?
Indeed, tanks were pounding Bab Amr and other neighborhoods in
Homs even as a poker-faced Assad was promising “dialogue” to
Russia’s Lavrov. The UN veto seems to have actually fueled the
regime’s thirst for Syrian blood, as UN rights chief Navi Pillay
Where do we go from here? There’s no help coming from the UN. The
world body is a pawn in the hands of world powers. It’s not just
Russia and China. Even the West doesn’t appear too keen to upset
Assad’s applecart for fear of the Islamists replacing the Bathist
regime. This will have to be sorted out by Syria’s Arab and Muslim
neighbors. The expulsion of Syrian envoys by the Gulf states
couldn’t have come sooner.
More effective steps are needed though to stop the carnage, as
suggested by Turkey which was the first to stand up to Damascus,
just as it had confronted Qaddafi and before him the Israelis.
Prime Minister Recep Erdogan, who has slammed Russia and China for
the UN veto, is pushing for the Arab and Muslim states to work
with the rest of the world to rein in the regime.
It’s time for Syria’s long time friend and ally Iran to get its
act together too. By choosing to look the other way even as Assad
decimates his people, Iran has let down all those who have stood
by it in the face of Western plots. This is not an issue to be
seen from a Sunni-Shiite prism.
Raining death and destruction on a powerless population, this
regime is as despicable and criminal, if not more, as Qaddafi’s
Libya was. There’s nothing Islamic or Shiite about it. What’s
going on in Syria is not a Western or Zionist conspiracy either,
as some liberals have persuaded themselves. Syria’s people are
fighting for liberation from long decades of tyranny and the world
must stand by them.
The longer the world community dithers in dealing with Damascus,
the more innocents it will be guilty of sending to their death.
All that is necessary for the triumph of evil, as Edmund Burke
cautioned, is that good men do nothing.
Zaka Syed is a Gulf based commentator. Write him at firstname.lastname@example.org | <urn:uuid:e90b893c-dbf1-485c-8941-c7e5f0e1e3c5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ummid.com/news/2012/February/16.02.2012/death_and_defiance_in_syria.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00486-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957635 | 1,625 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Mermiss - MUDP project 2013.
Expected start February 2013. Expected completion August 2014.
In recent years, discharging micro-pollutants that are harmful to the environment has received great attention and a substantial concern is hospital wastewater. Treatment of all wastewater from a hospital is a very expensive and energy demanding procedure, so There is need for an environmental and energy-efficient system that can treat specific wastewater streams from hospitals.
The technology will be developed to have a wide application range, but the project will have a starting point in the immediate need at Aarhus University Hospital in connection with the building of the New Aarhus University Hospital (DNU). DNU plays a very active role in this project and is a very good example of a public/private technological partnership.
The cooperation with DNU provides the framework for development of a concept for treatment of specific polluted wastewater streams from hospitals by Danish Technological Institute, Krüger and the Technical University of Denmark to develop. Removal of harmful micro-pollutants will be mediated by combining biological and chemical oxidation.
The MBBR-principle (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor) will be applied for biological removal where fixed biofilms create conditions for slow-growing bacteria. These microorganisms form the basis for efficient degradation of complex compounds appearing in small concentrations, which is the case for many of the problematic substances in the most problematic wastewater streams from the hospital. In the subsequent chemical oxidation, advanced oxidation processes are used to remove the final remains of non-biologically converted micro-pollutants.
The outcome of the project is a larger demonstration project as the construction work develops in Aarhus. Krüger is the project’s industrial partner, who anticipates considerable possibilities for exporting the technology in continuation of a successful demonstration and operation of the system at the New University Hospital.
Objective of the project
In general, the project will focus on concept development and the subsequent set-up of a pilot scale system at the hospital.
- Environmental and energy-efficient treatment of micro-pollutants from specific wastewater streams from the hospital.
- Development of the concept comprising biological (MBBR) and chemical oxidation technology.
- Danish Technological Institute, Section for Environmental Biotechnology
- The New University Hospital (DNU)
- Krüger A/S
- Technical University of Denmark, Institute for Water and Environmental Technology | <urn:uuid:91bcf98e-d8d9-4ab1-ba52-52a91dcce784> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dti.dk/projects/project-environmental-and-energy-efficient-treatment-of-micro-pollutants-from-hospital-wastewater/33099 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00365-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.904943 | 492 | 2.546875 | 3 |
The Pearl Harbor National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge on the island of Oʻahu, Hawaii. It was created in 1972 to mitigate the wildlife resource disturbances caused by construction of the Honolulu International Airport Reef Runway. The Refuge includes three units, the Honouliuli, Waiwa and Kalaeloa. The Honouliuli and Waiawa Units are managed under a cooperative agreement with the United States Navy. The Kalaeloa Unit was established during Base Realignment and Closure proceedings in 2001. Through these cooperative efforts with the Federal Aviation Administration, the State of Hawaii, and the U.S. Navy, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service made Pearl Harbor NWR a reality.
Landscape and natural resources
The Honouliuli Unit contains two freshwater wetland impoundments that are intensively managed to provide habitat for a variety of waterbirds, including Hawaii's endangered waterbirds and migrant waterfowl. These two impoundments contain nesting islands, aquatic vegetation and mudflats that are used as nesting and foraging areas by various waterbird species throughout the year.
The Waiawa Unit is composed of two brackish ponds, one of which is primarily managed for the endangered aeʻo (a subspecies of the common black-winged stilt, Himantopus mexicanus knudseni). However, the pond’s estuarine environment is ideal for establishing a host of food resources for four endangered waterbird species found there.
The Kalaeloa Unit, once part of the former Barbers Point Naval Air Station, was added to the Pearl Harbor NWR to protect the endangered ʻEwa Hinahina (Achyranthes splendens var. rotundata) and ʻAkoko (Euphorbia skottsbergii). This area of raised limestone coral reef contains the last remaining ancient coastal dry shrubland plant communities that were once widespread throughout the ʻEwa Plain. It is also home to anchialine pools, which are pools of saltwater connected to the ocean via minute cracks in the limestone. These are home to the ʻōpaeʻula (Hawaiian shrimp, Halocaridina rubra).Native coastal plants still flourish at Kalaeloa amongst two endangered plant species. The largest population of ʻAkoko (Euphorbia skottsbergii) on Oʻahu and the second largest population of endangered ʻEwa Hinahina can be found within this unit. Native plants include the night-blooming Maiapilo (Capparis sandwichiana) with its beautiful fragrant flowers; the Hinahina, a very dense, soft, and silky-looking plant; and Naio (Myoporum sandwicense), one of the few natives that is a strong competitor against alien grasses.
To protect the delicate habitats, the refuge is closed to visitors. | <urn:uuid:cc0b8c42-1196-4804-bfe8-834b3c6f382c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dguideapp.com/guide/details/Pearl%20Harbor%20National%20Wildlife%20Refuge.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.929861 | 614 | 3.390625 | 3 |
When you suspect your child might have ADHD, there’s a chance you’ll come across the Connors test.
That’s because, to properly diagnose ADD/ADHD, doctors and clinicians will go through a lengthy process of interviews, observations, and evaluations. During that process, parents are often asked to complete a rating scale written by C. Keith Conners, Ph.D. This diagnostic tool is sometimes called a Connors rating scale or Connors test.
The Connors test for ADHD is just one step on the way to diagnosis. During the Connors test, the parents or caregiver will fill out a form to rate a child’s behavior. By using the ADHD Connors test, doctors can assess what type of behavior has been observed by parents over time.
For example, one question might ask, “How often does your child have trouble going to sleep at night?” The parent answers each question in a multiple choice format, filling in the appropriate answers.
There are three Conners rating scales. One is designed for parents, another is for teachers, and a third Connors test asks adolescents to rate their own behavior. Completing an ADHD Connors test takes from 5 to 30 minutes, depending on whether you’re given the short or long version of the test. Long versions of the Connors ratings scales have about 60 to 90 questions, while short versions have less than 30 questions.
Other places you might see ADHD Connors tests are during routine screenings in schools, clinics, treatment centers, pediatric offices, and other facilities. By asking parents and teachers to fill out a Connors scale, experts get a perspective of the child’s behavior from those who interact with the child every day. The Connors rating scale is one of many ways to measure hyperactivity in children and adolescents.
Just like all other psychological examinations, the Connors test for ADHD is not perfect. It should never be used as the sole tool to diagnose a child. The Connors test is one small piece of a complex evaluation and examination of an ADHD patient.
In addition to helping diagnose ADD/ADHD, the Connors test can be used in follow-up examinations. When parents and teachers periodically rate the behavior of the child with ADHD, it can be helpful to the physician. For instance, the Connors rating scale could show if ADHD treatment is effective.
Connors rating scales are not available to the general public. They only can be purchased by qualified buyers. Individuals usually must show some type of credentials before they are allowed to buy the Connors test. | <urn:uuid:be28ece2-23ac-4c86-8bfc-752dfa886d54> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.attentiondeficit-add-adhd.com/adhd-connors-test.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00164-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.936888 | 532 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Feed Costs Higher in 2021 and Lincoln Leaders Program Applications
**The U.S. animal protein sector will see 12% higher feed costs in 2021 due to higher corn and soybean meal prices.
That analysis from CoBank’s Knowledge Exchange Division, says U.S. livestock and poultry producers will factor in more feed cost inflation next year than at any time in the last decade.
According to agweb.com, the report notes feed costs have been relatively flat since 2012, helping the beef, pork and poultry sectors see the greatest ever 5-year expansion between 2014 to 2019.
**The USDA Office of Partnerships and Public Engagement is accepting applications to the 2021 Lincoln Leaders Program, which includes fellowship opportunities for faculty and staff at Hispanic-Serving Institutions, 1994 Tribal Colleges, and 1890 Land-Grant Universities.
The fellowships connect participants to USDA and other federal resources to enhance their professional knowledge.
Fellows will receive access to long-term collaboration opportunities to share with students and colleagues at their home institutions.
**A longtime ag and water leader from Sonoma County received the California Farm Bureau’s highest honor during its Annual Meeting last week.
Grape grower Tito Sasaki received the Distinguished Service Award.
Farm Bureau also presented Fresno County farmers Nick and Kimberly Rocca and San Diego County winemaker Alysha Stehly with awards for young farmers and ranchers, and honored the Monterey, Napa, Sonoma and Sacramento County Farm Bureaus. | <urn:uuid:db2fe3f6-44d0-4891-b26d-59f77970e5f2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aginfo.net/report/48080/The-Agribusiness-Update/Feed-Costs-Higher-in-2021-and-Lincoln-Leaders-Program-Applications | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.925889 | 343 | 1.546875 | 2 |
FUNCTIONAL MEDICINE & NUTRITION
"The doctor of the future will give no medication, but will interest his patients in the care of the human frame,
diet and in the cause and prevention of disease."
— Thomas Edison (1902) —
In Functional Medicine and Nutrition the first step is always a detailed consultation taking a thorough medical and life history. We want to understand and find out what has led to the current set of symptoms.
As a members of the Institute of Functional Medicine and a Registered Nutritional Therapists (BANT) we also have access to full laboratory testing if needed.
This includes testing for food sensitivities, stool analysis, nutrigenomics (genes), blood tests, hormonal and adrenal function, toxic metals, mycotoxins, organic acids and metabolic analysis. Many of these tests can be done from home or in conjunction with your GP and are also appropriate for children.
Following a detailed assessment we will agree a plan of achievable diet, lifestyle changes and functional testing. This may also include some supplementation according to your individual needs. We will regularly review the plan together.
We see a wide range of adults and children in the clinic. Sometime patients have an existing diagnosis, others just want to improve their overall health and often it is people who are sick and just can't work out what the problem is.
We also commonly see patients who are also under the care of their GP or hospital consultant and taking prescribed medication. | <urn:uuid:8fc78691-500f-4d53-8b12-89d59d1a784a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.debbielewis.co.uk/functionalmedicine | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.950252 | 307 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Vulnerability assessments and penetration tests have their place in a vulnerability management process. However,...
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both are monumental tasks that should not be entered into lightly. It's vital for security practitioners to know when one is more suitable than the other and how it will mitigate threats. Take this quiz written by Shon Harris, CISSP and president of Logical Security, to test your knowledge of the vulnerability management process. After you have written down your answers, click on Answer for an explanation of the correct answer.
1.) What is the difference between a network vulnerability assessment and a penetration test?
A. A penetration test identifies running services, and vulnerability assessments provide a more in-depth understanding of vulnerabilities.
B. A penetration test enumerates resources, and a vulnerability assessment enumerates vulnerabilities.
C. A penetration test exploits vulnerabilities, and a vulnerability assessment finds vulnerabilities.
D. They are one in the same.
2.) When is it better to perform a vulnerability assessment versus a penetration test?
A. It is necessary to perform them together.
B. When you seek a larger overview of the environment, versus a smaller more focused view.
C. Penetration tests are full of false positives and should not be used.
D. Penetration tests are potentially damaging to devices and should not be used.
3.) What is the best approach for choosing a vulnerability assessment tool for your environment?
A. A statistical analysis of your environment's software and network traffic should be mapped to the functionality of the different products.
B. Your current business drivers should be understood, and they will dictate the type of assessment tool you need.
C. Research third-party test results.
D. An assessment of your physical security, personnel security or company's culture will dictate the type of assessment tool you need.
4.) Why is there danger in having a false sense of security when running periodic vulnerability assessments?
A. Vulnerability assessments cannot detect new attacks.
B. These assessments are meaningless without continual penetration tests.
C. Organizations are secure if they are running periodic vulnerability assessments.
D. Vulnerability assessments do not detect vulnerable services that are running.
5.) We continually hear that applying patches and proper patch management is the answer to a majority of our security woes. Why is this illogical?
A. Patching always opens other vulnerabilities.
B. Patching continually causes interoperability issues.
C. Patching only deals with known software flaws.
D. Patching can address misconfiguration issues as needed.
6.) How do mitigation tools help companies?
A. They contain risk management methodologies and take customers through the risk analysis process.
B. They allow customers to safely exploit vulnerabilities.
C. They identify vulnerabilities that scanners do not.
D. They provide a graphical representation of assets and their values.
7.) A host-based vulnerability assessment tool is...
A. An agent-based product that watches for changes to critical files and network traffic.
B. An agent-based product that reviews configurations and file system settings.
C. An agent-based product that reviews settings, and implements Trojan horses and user errors.
D. An agent-based product that collects log data and sends it to a network-based IDS.
8.) What is the difference between a passive and active vulnerability assessment tool?
A. A passive tool sends packets to its targets and reviews the results. An active product monitors traffic and activity.
B. An active tool sends packets to its targets and reviews the results. A passive product monitors traffic and activity.
C. They are one in the same.
D. A passive product is more intrusive than an active product.
9.) Why is it important to run a vulnerability scan before and after applying a new patch?
A. To determine whether the patch is really needed in the environment.
B. To ensure that the right patch is applied.
C. To identify the baseline before and after a patch is applied.
D. To capture a new baseline representing the current vulnerabilities.
10.) Why should your security and technology teams have a pre-defined process for responding to new vulnerabilities?
A. If the process is not defined, standard reactions cannot be guaranteed.
B. Response procedures are required by all regulations.
C. Standard response procedures are impossible. Each vulnerability is different, which requires a different process.
D. It is the only way to ensure that a company is in compliance with their legal requirements.
BONUS: In order, what are the five general steps of an intrusion?
A. Reconnaissance, scanning, gaining access, maintaining access, covering tracks
B. Reconnaissance, gaining access, maintaining access, covering tracks, scanning
C. Recovering, gaining access, maintaining access, covering tracks, scanning
D. Reconnaissance, maintaining access, gaining access, covering tracks, scanning
Was the quiz too easy? Too hard? Let me know what you thought of the quiz and how you scored. Your comments will help us build future quizzes and learning tools. -- Crystal Ferraro, Editor | <urn:uuid:d7eac905-76cf-4d0b-948f-b60a61946095> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/tip/Quiz-Vulnerability-management | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719784.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00427-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.908817 | 1,076 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Fifty five percent of Poles in a survey by the CBOS pollster criticised the Polish judiciary, 4 percentage points (pps) more than in a similar poll in 2017, while 28 percent said they were pleased with the justice system, 8 pps down from 2017.
Asked about the independence of judges in Poland, 17 percent said judges were fully independent in their rulings and 20 percent disagreed. Forty nine percent said judges sometimes ruled independently and sometimes succumbed to political pressure.
Listing the biggest drawbacks in the Polish justice system, 31 percent named prolonged court proceedings, 26 percent political pressure on courts, 13 percent unfair rulings and the unequal treatment of citizens by courts.
Fifty four percent believed most Poles abided by the law while 37 percent said the opposite. One in 11 respondents could not say.
Sixty two percent supported stricter penalties for criminals, only 6 percent spoke out for milder sentences.
CBOS ran the mixed-mode survey from May 30 to June 9 on a random sample of 1,050 adult Poles.
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Why you must be installing Epson AcuLaser M2300 driver? if you buy new Epson AcuLaser M2300 you must be to install driver to operate. When you reinstall your Microsoft Windows operating system you must reinstall Epson AcuLaser M2300 driver middle-software. If you printers Epson AcuLaser M2300 not working or not found on your Win, OSx you must be install epson driver to plug in your pc & your Epson AcuLaser M2300 printers.
What is Epson AcuLaser M2300 printers driver ?:
Epson AcuLaser M2300 Printers Driver is the middleware used to connect between computers with printers .
To get Epson AcuLaser M2300 printer driver we have to live on the Epson home page to select the true driver suitable for the operating system that you use.
However, finding drivers for Epson AcuLaser M2300 printer on Epson home page is complicated, because have so many types of Epson drivers for galore different types of products: printers, cameras, fax machines, scanners …
OS congruous Epson AcuLaser M2300 printer driver:
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Video instructions download Epson AcuLaser M2300 printer driver on Printer.8Driver.com
Setup or Reinstall Epson AcuLaser M2300 Printer Driver Instruction
Make sure that you have already removed any printers driver setup before in your pc. If you are not doing so, the computer might get trouble while trying to communicate with the printer.
Firstly, plug in & turn on the Epson AcuLaser M2300 & open the “Control Panel”.
Secondly, In the “Control Panel” find and choose to open the “Printers or Printers and Fax” icons.
Once the Printer window presentation up, click the “Add a printer” icon to start install Epson AcuLaser M2300 printers.
After that, choose Next to start the wizard in the “Windows Printer Wizard” Window.
Next, you are going to see two choice of installing which is “Local or Network printer”. If Epson AcuLaser M2300 printers is connect to your laptop, select Local printer attached to this laptop and then click Next.
Finally, when prompted for the location of Epson AcuLaser M2300 printers driver, browse to the directory of your driver folder or point it to Epson AcuLaser M2300 printers CD.Printer.8Driver.com - If this post usefull for you. Please share this post to to your friends by click LIKE FACEBOOK or Google PLUS button(Thanks!). | <urn:uuid:537ec85f-2ffd-483d-b9d2-f0d2a7312996> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://printer.8driver.com/download-epson-aculaser-m2300-printers-driver-installed-guide.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00451-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.85781 | 747 | 1.695313 | 2 |
The U.S. is transferring control of the no-fly zone over Libya to NATO. That means no Libyan aircraft will be able to take to the skies in any part of Libyan airspace.
But NPR's Tom Bowman tells Morning Edition it's still unclear who will lead the second part of the mission in Libya - protecting civilians from attack by fighters loyal to Col. Moammar Gadhafi. Tom says that's the harder task still being worked out, as Secretary of State Hillary Clinton mentioned:
Tom says the U.S. will continue to provide refueling tankers and special listening aircraft. Now the AP reports the African Union is calling for a transition period in Libya that would lead to democratic elections. Copyright 2011 National Public Radio. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/. | <urn:uuid:da1e7945-384c-469a-8630-88a24f2459ed> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://weku.fm/post/nato-takes-over-libya-no-fly-zone | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00383-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94716 | 164 | 1.890625 | 2 |
2983. Mary Lord Thorn
was born on 9 Mar 1860 in New Haven, CT. She died on 30 Jan 1922 in Calhoun,
AL. She was buried in Bridge Street Cemetery, Northampton, MA. Mary Lord' b.
March 9, 1860. in New Haven; d. Jan. 30, 1922, in Calhoun; mar. Jan., 1886,
in New Haven, Charles Henry Dickinson b. Dec. 21, 1857, in West Springfield,
Mass.; d. April 14, 1938, in Pleasantville, N. Y.; a son of Henry Kirk White
and Angeline (Dunham) Dickinson of Northampton, Mass. Through an error on the
part of the attending physician the birth certificate of Mary Lord Thorn reads
Sophia lord Thorn. She was in artist of promise, with special ability as a draftsman,
but gave up art when she married.
She was married to Charles Henry Dickinson on 20 Jan 1886 in New Haven, CT.
Charles Henry Dickinson was born on 21 Dec 1857 in West Springfield,
MA. He graduated in 1881 in Amhurst College. He graduated in 1884 in Yale Divinity
School. He died on 14 Apr 1938 in Pleasantville, Westchester, NY. Charles Henry
Dickinson was a graduate of Amherst college in 1881 and of Yale Divinity School
in 1884. He held pastorates in Wallingford, CN, Canandaigua, NY, Fargo, ND,
and Middlebury, VT. All in Congregational churches, and alfterwards served for
many years as Vice-Principal of Calhoun Colored School in charge of religious
and community activities. He published three books, of distinctly liberal viewpoint,
on the philosophy of religion (Who's Who in America, 1938, p. 745). Charles
Henry and Mary, Lord (Thorn) Dickinson are buried in Bridge Street Cemetery,
North Hampton, Mass. | <urn:uuid:ade19915-9d23-44c2-8c99-fda18b85c5c6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://thorn.pair.com/williamthorne1/d3920.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00404-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927272 | 406 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Can Your Emergency Fund Ever Be Too Big?
by Christy Bieber | Updated July 25, 2021 - First published on June 4, 2021
You can't ever have too much money saved, right? Keep reading to see why that's not always the case.
Keep reading to see why that's not always the case.
Saving up money for emergencies may be one of the best decisions you ever make. After all, surprise costs can crop up in everyone's life. And being unprepared for them could mean you end up in credit card debt or struggling to stick with your budget.
In general, most financial experts recommend that your emergency fund should have enough money in it to cover between three to six months of living expenses. But in some cases, you may decide you want to save even more.
If you're considering building a really big emergency fund, though, you need to ask yourself if it's possible for your rainy day fund to be too big.
In some cases, having too much money saved for emergencies may seem like a good thing on the surface, but there are a few possible problems with socking away tons of cash in your bank account.
Here's what you may want to consider before deciding to grow your emergency fund.
Some of that excess cash could be put to better use
The first thing to think about is that inflation is rising. That happens when the cost of goods goes up and the buying power of your dollar falls accordingly. Although some experts believe that there's nothing to be concerned about and that the Federal Reserve will help keep inflation at a reasonable level, data related to stimulus checks and rising prices suggests there may be reason for concern.
If you have a lot of money sitting in a savings account for emergencies, chances are good that you'll be earning interest at a very low rate. And, it is very unlikely that you will earn enough to keep up with rising inflation. In other words, that money sitting in your savings account will start losing buying power and won't be worth as much in real terms.
Now, that's almost always the case when you put money into a savings account. But it still makes sense to keep your emergency fund in savings in case you need access to your cash in a hurry. Plus, you don't have to worry about losing it. However, once you start keeping much more in an emergency fund than you'd feasibly spend even in a major emergency, then you may reach a point where you're needlessly letting your cash lose value.
That's why it might be a good idea to consider other options for your excess cash, such as:
- Investing your money in an online brokerage account
- Putting your money in an individual retirement account (IRA)
You also need to consider the opportunity cost of an emergency fund that's too big. Money in your emergency fund can't be invested, so you're giving up the chance to potentially earn a much higher rate of return on it. This could make it harder for you to accomplish other financial goals that you might have for yourself. Also, you can't spend it, so you won't be using the fruits of your labor to enjoy life.
If you have tons of money and are able to build a huge emergency fund, while still investing plenty for the future and spending on the things you want now, then it may not be a big problem to just stick a fortune in an emergency fund. Especially since in this scenario, it wouldn't matter as much that your money was losing buying power.
That's not a reality for most people, though. So rather than "wasting" your money by leaving too much of it sitting in the bank, take the time to figure out how much it really makes sense to save for emergencies. Anything above that amount, consider investing in other assets instead. Doing so can help you build wealth that gives you far more financial security than having a large emergency fund ever could.
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About the Author
We're firm believers in the Golden Rule, which is why editorial opinions are ours alone and have not been previously reviewed, approved, or endorsed by included advertisers. The Ascent does not cover all offers on the market. Editorial content from The Ascent is separate from The Motley Fool editorial content and is created by a different analyst team. | <urn:uuid:95f27b87-b24e-4d23-a03d-444067707c9e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fool.com/the-ascent/personal-finance/articles/can-your-emergency-fund-ever-be-too-big/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.973605 | 982 | 1.773438 | 2 |
What does resilience mean? Resilience is a current buzzword in international development – but what does it actually mean for the smallholder farmers we work with? According to the Overseas Development Institute, resilience is “how a system, community or individual deals with disturbance, surprise and change." At Send a Cow, we use the word ‘resilience’ a lot – and it is a core part of the work we do. Making sure farmers can produce enough to feed their families is hugely important. But they can only feed their families if they also learn how to withstand the shocks and crises that inevitably come their way. This is particularly true in the face of climate change, where wildly changing weather can destroy one harvest through drought and the next through floods. There are lots of different ways people can become more resilient. Our report, Building Resilience, groups them as environmental, economic and social. Environmental resilience ‘If you feed the soil, it will feed you.” Alemu Buka and his wife Bekelech Senato have 0.75 acres of steeply sloping land in Bonke, southern Ethiopia, which needs to feed them and their seven children. Over recent years, they have noticed the rains becoming more unpredictable. Dry spells damage crops and rain – which sometimes leads to floods - disrupts growing cycles and farming activities. Environmental resilience can take different forms. One is to plant a variety of crops, so that if disease strikes in one type of plant others can survive. Another is to learn to use natural resource management techniques to help capture and conserve water and protect the land from erosion. Alemu and Bekelech Senato started with their soil. They now contour their land so that the soil can’t be washed away by heavy rains, and enrich it with manure from their livestock. They grow more than 70 varieties of crops and vegetables, including three different types of potato to withstand different weather conditions, faba beans, leafy vegetables and enset (Ethiopia’s very hardy staple crop). As Alemu says, “if everything else fails, we have enset!” They are also growing apples and apple tree seedlings, giving them another income source. Alemu thinks doing this is the most useful change he has made in the face of the changing climate: “It provides money, it’s not normally affected by heavy rain and it can always be irrigated.” Economic resilience As our farmers start producing more than they need to feed themselves, they are able to sell the excess and start to save money. Communities set up savings schemes, giving people money they can access in times of need or hardship. Many farmers diversify into non-agricultural income generation, so they can support themselves even if crops are threatened. Jewellery making, cafes, shops, solar power generation, the possibilities are almost endless. When crop production declined in Lesotho’s rural Butha-Buthe district due to climate change, the Ha Sefako group started to look into extra ways of earning money. Through income generation training sessions with Send a Cow, the group recognised a huge local business opportunity. Nobody was selling jewellery in the local market, and people who wanted to buy necklaces, bracelets and earrings had to travel to town. The group decided to learn how to make bead jewellery and went on a training course. They now produce beautiful products which have been a big success at local markets. And they have an income source that isn’t dependent on a successful harvest. Social resilience “Send a Cow taught us three important things: husbands work with children; husbands work with wives; everyone works with their neighbours.” Jessica Kabwiso is one of 30 members of the Jami Mothers’ Union Group in Budaka, Uganda, which Send a Cow has supported since 2011. Most of our projects have groups like this, where farmers are encouraged to support one another emotionally and practically. If times are hard, this support can make an enormous difference. Jessica told us how hard her life was before she joined the group. She was totally dependent on her husband, who left her with all the domestic work. Sometimes, rather than eat the crops they grew, she was forced to sell them to buy essentials such as medicines. And their elder children couldn’t go to school because the family couldn’t afford the school fees. Becoming a member of the group transformed Jessica’s life – and through her, the lives of her entire family. Send a Cow trained Jessica and her husband in sustainable organic agriculture, social development and animal husbandry. The couple now produce a reliable supply of nutritious food. This means they can eat well, save money (something else the group can help with), start to make improvements to their home (they’ve started with the kitchen), send their children to school, and buy livestock. Jessica has used some of the money she’s made to install power in the house, meaning that her children can also study at home. Overall her self-esteem has significantly improved, and she now plays an active part at home and in the community. Being part of a group has given her a support network and totally transformed her life. You can support our work training farmers to become resilient. | <urn:uuid:d639e7d2-72eb-413a-a277-1e64a231ed62> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.sendacow.org/Blog/meaning-of-resilience | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00058-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970988 | 1,086 | 3.171875 | 3 |
Enhancement of Monetary Easing
1. Since the Tohoku Pacific Earthquake occurred, the Bank of Japan has been trying to gauge its effects on financial markets and financial institutions' business operations, as well as taking all possible measures in order to maintain financial intermediation function and secure smooth fund settlements. In addition, the Bank has been providing funds flexibly through appropriate money market operations.
2. Japan's economy is emerging from the current deceleration phase. The year-on-year rate of decline in the CPI (excluding fresh food) has continued to slow. The Bank has maintained its baseline scenario that Japan's economy is expected to return to a moderate recovery path.
The year-on-year rate of change in the CPI is expected to become slightly positive in the near future.1 However, the damage of the earthquake has been geographically widespread, and thus, for the time being, production is likely to decline and there is also concern that the sentiment of firms and households might deteriorate.
3. In recognition of the current situation, at the Monetary Policy Meeting held today, the Policy Board of the Bank of Japan decided to take the following measures to further enhance monetary easing.
(1) The Guideline for Money Market Operations for the Intermeeting Period The Policy Board decided, by a unanimous vote,2 to set the following guideline for money market operations for the intermeeting period. Under this guideline, the Bank will provide ample funds sufficient to meet demand in financial markets and will do its utmost to ensure financial market stability.
The Bank of Japan will encourage the uncollateralized overnight call rate to remain at around 0 to 0.1 percent.
1 The year-on-year rate of change in the CPI is likely to be revised downward with the base-year change scheduled for August 2011.
2 Voting for the action: Mr. M. Shirakawa, Mr. H. Yamaguchi, Mr. K. G. Nishimura, Ms. M. Suda, Mr. T. Noda, Mr. S. Nakamura, Mr. H. Kamezaki, Mr. R. Miyao, and Mr. Y. Morimoto. Voting against the action: None.
2) Asset Purchase Program
With a view to preempting a deterioration in business sentiment and an increase in risk aversion in financial markets from adversely affecting economic activity, the Policy Board decided to increase the amount of the Asset Purchase Program, mainly of the
purchases of risk assets, by about 5 trillion yen to about 40 trillion yen in total.
The increase in asset purchases will be made in the following asset categories, and the Bank intends to complete the increased purchases by around the end of June 2012. It should be noted that the purchases of exchange traded funds (ETFs) and Japan real estate investment trusts (J-REITs) are conditional on obtaining authorization in accordance with the Bank of Japan Act.
Japanese government bonds: about 0.5 trillion yen
Treasury discount bills: about 1.0 trillion yen
CP: about 1.5 trillion yen
Corporate bonds: about 1.5 trillion yen
ETFs: about 0.45 trillion yen (conditional on obtaining authorization)
J-REITs: about 0.05 trillion yen (subject to the above condition)
4. In order for Japan's economy to overcome deflation and return to a sustainable growth path with price stability, the Bank will continue to consistently make contributions as the central bank through the three-pronged approach of pursuing powerful monetary easing consisting of comprehensive monetary easing, ensuring financial market stability, and providing support to strengthen the foundations for economic growth. The Bank will continue to carefully examine the outlook for economic activity and prices, and, if judged necessary, take policy actions in an appropriate manner.
3 Ms. Suda dissented from the proposal on the ground that the increase in purchases should be made in risk | <urn:uuid:57470a6d-80cd-4850-ae25-10cfbdade287> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ibtimes.com/boj-statement-further-monetary-easing-full-text-275385 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00428-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947374 | 803 | 1.820313 | 2 |
The Prophet of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him said :
" Cleanliness is equal to half the faith and saying: Praise be to Allah (i.e. Alhamdu Lillah) makes the scale of good works outweigh. The utterance of 'Subhan Allah' (Glorified is Allah!) and 'Alhamdu Lillah' (Praise be to Allah!) fill the space between the heavens and the earth (with blessings). Salat (prayer) is light, alms giving is a proof (of one's faith), and to be steadfast is as good as light, and the Holy Qur'an is a plea in your favour or against you (as the case may be). Everyone begins his morning ready to bargain with his soul as a stake and frees it or loses it"” (Muslim).
* Maintaining purification is an act that leads to acceptance of supplication. The Noble Prophet peace and blessings of Allah be upon him said:
"If a Muslim sleeps while he is pure (having performed ablution) then when he wakes up during night he mentions the name of Allah and asks Allah anything of the good things in this life and the Hereafter, Allah will surely give him what he asked" (Ahmad & Tabrani).
* It is one of the qualities of true nature. The Prophet peace and blessings of Allah be upon him said:
"Ten acts are demands of true nature, namely: clipping the moustache, letting the beard grow, brushing the teeth with Miswak, snuffing up water in the nose, clipping the nails, washing the finger joints, plucking the hair under the armpits, shaving the pubes, and cleaning the private parts with water (after call of nature) The narrator said: I have forgotten the tenth, but it may have been rinsing the mouth" (Muslim).
Ibn 'Abbaas said: "The Prophet (peace and blessings
of Allaah be upon him) passed by one of the gardens of
Madeenah, and heard the sound of two men being punished in
their graves. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be
upon him) said: "They are being punished, but they are
not being punished for any major sin. One of them used not
to clean himself properly after urinating, and the other
used to spread malicious gossip." (Reported by al-Bukhaari;
see Fath al-Baari, 1/317). Indeed, the Prophet (peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon him) said that "most of the
punishment of the grave will be because of urine."
(Reported by Imaam Ahmad, 2/326; see also Saheeh al-Jaami', | <urn:uuid:16142c84-2b0c-4488-96b1-9cb72f5b421a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://muslimconverts.com/social/hygiene-in-islam.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00339-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946823 | 584 | 2.25 | 2 |
Even though Moore's Law can't last forever as the rate in which technology gets smaller and faster will inevitably plateau, IBM isn't quite ready to give up on trying.
Using the latest carbon nanotube technology, IBM claimed to have discovered a way to continue making smaller, faster processors.
According to the New York Times, scientists at the T.J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, N.Y. have fashioned a new chip that combines a silicon wafer with a nanotube overlay.
The result is a hybrid of the aging and burgeoning technologies capable of 10,000 working transistors.
A new atomic age
The amount of transistors on a chip has doubled with startling consistency since the silicon chip was first introduced.
Current silicon chips were perceived to last for two or three more generations before there were no more advancements to be made.
However, thanks to IBM's latest breakthrough, it will be possible for manufacturers to continue making smaller and even faster chips.
"These devices outperformed any other switches made from any other material," Dr. Supratik Guha, director of physical sciences told the New York Times.
"We had suspected this all along, and our device physicists had simulated this, and they showed that we would see a factor of five or more performance improvement over conventional silicon devices."
IBM isn't sure how much longer it will take to perfect the process, but Dr. Guha believes purer carbon nanotubes are needed.
Right now, the carbon nanotubes being used are metallic, and as a result don't make good semiconductors.
That said, Dr. Guha believes IBM will be capable of making 99.99 percent pure carbon nanotubes in the future, and possibly within the next decade. | <urn:uuid:ebbe9100-1a7e-4741-8713-8100f0ffe207> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.techradar.com/news/computing-components/processors/ibm-claims-carbon-nanotube-chip-development-breakthrough-1109104 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00428-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956791 | 364 | 3.484375 | 3 |
Erickson: Was it Dr. Hinderaker who was charged with bringing the campus together, you know, after the two factions, the Citrus Experiment Station and ...
Gill: Yes. Well, it was his vision really to integrate the Citrus Experiment Station, Agriculture Research Center into the campus. And it was he who asked Mack Dugger, who was at that point Chair of the Department of Life Sciences to head a College of Biological and Agricultural Sciences. That was the first break up of the College of Letters and Science.
It was Dean Golino's vision that a single College of Letters and Sciences as we continued to grow would be unmanageable and that we should develop a series of separate colleges. So that was really, as I understand it, his vision, which Ivan implemented.
And then the first step of that was to take the Department of Biology out of the College of Letters and Sciences and combine it with the Citrus Experiment Station and create a single College of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, which would then provide a cross-fertilization between the more applied agricultural areas and the more theoretical traditional biological areas that the Biological Sciences Department, then it was Life Sciences Department.
And because of Mack Dugger's stand, these two fields, he was an agricultural researcher as well and had done a lot of work through air pollution research center also, and was also a biologist, a plant physiologist really. He was the one who was selected as the Dean as a person who would have vision to bring these two areas together..
Then we divided up into a series of colleges, and one of them was the College of Physical Sciences which had math and statistics in it also. And when we then started putting Colleges together again a few years later, it was the College of Physical Sciences which was combined with the Biological and Agricultural Sciences to create a single College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences to further cross-fertilize the two fields.
Gill: Yes, it was certainly his vision which was not broadly shared on campus at the time that we could bring these two fields together.
And we are still achieving a better integration of these. The new biological sciences major takes more full advantage of the many talented biological researchers that we have in the Agricultural Experiment Station., and using them much more in what is the new biological sciences major. But, yes, that was Ivan's vision, and it was really Mack Dugger who put it in place and carried it out. | <urn:uuid:3711af1b-2189-49f8-a3e2-5f26d06d03a3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ucrhistory.ucr.edu/gill.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00162-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984429 | 503 | 1.84375 | 2 |
“Nobody dies for me. Nobody dies for me,” a survivor of child clerical sexual abuse told me again and again, sitting in a chapel and pondering a crucifix. “Nobody dies for me. When it happens you are totally alone. With the experience, you are totally alone. Nobody understands. Not even you understand. Nobody is there.”
At first glance Jesus’ death seems like the lonely and useless death of a young man, who cruelly falls victim to violence too. A promising young life comes to an early, unnecessary end. Yet in today’s account of the crucifixion, the evangelist John offers another interpretation. Jesus’ last words are (19:30) "It is finished.” The Greek word used here does not mean finished in the sense of it’s over or even it’s failed, but in the sense of mission completed, mission brought to perfection. In Jesus’ death on the cross, God the Father has fulfilled not only scripture, but his mission, the mission for which he had sent Jesus (Jn 4:34). “For God so loved the world that he gave his only Son, so that everyone who believes in him might not perish but might have eternal life.” (Jn 3:16)
In the history of Christianity, Jesus’ death for us and his resurrection by God have all too often led to a misguided interpretation of human suffering. They were used as a justification for the plight of so many poor, abandoned, abused and marginalized people. “Simply bear your pain and offer it up to God, you will be greatly rewarded in the world to come” was the advice commonly given. This is not what the Gospel intends to tell us however. It would be pure mockery in the ears of our abovementioned survivor. God’s mission is not one of pain, but one of love. It’s not an invitation to silently bear injustice and mistreatment but an invitation to all of us to follow his example of love (1 Jn 2:5). In Jesus Christ God invites us to love even when it hurts because it might entail standing close to those in suffering and pain, bearing with them their silent cries, their cross and darkness, and joining in their fight against injustice and abuse.
This seems too great a task? We feel too small and incapable of sharing others’ pain and darkness? We shudder at the thought of what seeking justice might demand of us? This is what happened to most of Jesus’ disciples too. At the foot of the cross, only the women around Mary and the disciple whom Jesus loved remained; all the others had fled. It had simply been too much for them to bear.
After Jesus’ words “It is finished,” the Gospel continues: “And bowing his head, he handed over the spirit.” Bowing to them, he did not simply give up life, but he handed over the spirit. At the moment of death he did not only give back his life to the father, he created the community of believers, his church, by bestowing the lasting gift of the Holy Spirit, the spirit of love and solidarity (Jn 13:1, 3:16). Only by his spirit can the disciples, can we, understand and believe (Jn 20:8, 16, 22), can we form the community of love he envisages.
In Jesus Christ God entered into the deepest possible solidarity with our human pain and suffering. He knows and he understands. He is, and will be, there at our side whenever we are suffering – regardless of whether we can see or experience his presence in the moment of darkness, hopelessness and pain. Those who have been hurt, mistreated, and abused very often cannot.
Jesus Christ calls us into these situations. He invites us to be his hands and heart by staying close to those in pain and darkness, by enduring with them their agony, anger and anxiety, by giving voice to their cry for justice and by fighting side by side with them against evil and crime, abuse and oppression. How do we do that? First of all by meeting them where they are, by attentively listening to their stories without presuming to know what they could or should have done, by trying to understand their perspective on their own situation, the church, the world. By attempting to perceive their needs. By staying with them.
So this Good Friday could be an invitation to us to come closer to those in pain and suffering, to be touched by their lives and experiences, to share in their cross, their plight, their journey – for however long Good Friday and Holy Saturday might last for them until maybe, hopefully, by the grace of the spirit, they one day experience new life, their own personal Easter.
At the same time, such a Good Friday experience can transform us and prepare our hearts for the experience of Easter. Encountering those who have been marginalized and abused means encountering those most dear to Jesus. Being with them, listening to them, opening up to their pain – and yes, it is painful, very painful – brings us closer to Jesus’ heart and mission. It confronts us not only with their reality but also with our own suffering, our own brokenness, our own need for intimacy and friendship, for healing and salvation. By being with them we realize more deeply who God is and who we are – he our creator and we his creatures whom he abundantly loves and to whom he entrusts his mission of love by bestowing upon us his holy spirit. Let us try to live accordingly so that fewer and fewer people will have to say “Nobody dies for me. Nobody is there.”
Sr. Karolin Kuhn, a German School Sister of Notre Dame, is an associate professor at the Centre for Child Protection (CCP) at the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome, Italy. She contributes her pedagogical knowledge to the further development and teaching of the various educational programs offered by the CCP – a diploma and a licentiate (master’s degree) - in safeguarding offered residentially in Rome, as well as a multilingual blended learning program that helps participants from around the world develop their safeguarding competences.
The overall objective of the CCP is the academic and professional promotion of safeguarding through education, formation programs, conferences, and research. The CCP envisages a church and a world where all people – starting with the most vulnerable – can be safe and feel safe, and to which all persons, communities and organizations responsibly contribute.
Sr. Karolin is a social worker, theologian, and educator with a doctoral degree in theology. Before coming to Rome, she served as the principal of a Catholic girls’ high school in Munich, Germany. She is especially interested in competence-oriented models of teaching and learning that aim at the holistic growth of the entire person – something that is particularly important for future safeguarding professionals and attitudinal change within our church.
Take an opportunity to read and reflect on the Sunday readings during the first five weeks of Lent. Participants are provided with links to reflections on the Lectionary readings (Cycle A) written by scholars -- including weekly preaching from Catholic Women Preach. Then, each week participants share their insights in an online community discussion, guided by a facilitator.MORE INFO/REGISTER
Advertise with Catholic Women Preach: email Russ at email@example.com | <urn:uuid:c247b3b7-5219-41f7-b188-f1ec26e34e8f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.catholicwomenpreach.org/preaching/04192019 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.973119 | 1,572 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Ahead of the publication of the 2018 State of Civil Society Report on the theme of ‘Reimagining Democracy’, we are interviewing civil society activists and leaders about their work to promote democratic practices and principles, the challenges they encounter and the victories they score in doing so. CIVICUS speaks to Linda Kavanagh, spokesperson of the Abortion Rights Campaign, in the aftermath of the historic vote that repealed the eighth amendment of Ireland’s Constitution. Passed in 1983, this constitutional amendment recognised equal rights to life to an ‘unborn’ and a pregnant woman, banning abortion under any circumstances.
See also our interview with Ivana Bacik, Irish Senator and campaigner for abortion rights.
1. The vote in favour of repealing the eighth amendment of the Irish Constitution exceeded 66 per cent. Did you see it coming?
We had lots of surprises – we certainly never saw 66 per cent coming. We thought it would be hard win, slightly over 50, 55 per cent at the most. We also thought that the people who were not really engaged would just stay home and not make what they surely considered a tough choice. But with close to 70 per cent, turnout was the third highest ever for a referendum.
Just so it is clear, it wasn’t our choice to go to a referendum, and I would never recommend it if it can be avoided. It is really tough, and while we won, it was a hard win, as people had to expose themselves and their stories. It was also expensive. But it was the only way to do this, as the amendment was in the Constitution.
2. What was the state of public opinion when the process started?
It is not easy to put a date to the beginning of the process. For my organisation, the Abortion Rights Campaign, it began in 2012. We started work in reaction to two major incidents around abortion rights that took place in Ireland in 2012. In the summer of that year, Youth Defence, a very militant anti-choice organisation, put up billboards all around Dublin, saying that abortion hurt women, stigmatising women who had had abortions, and saying lots of things that weren’t true. The protests that took place in reaction to this campaign were the biggest pro-choice demonstrations in a long time. This time, we were also organising online, on Facebook and Twitter, and this made it easier to get information out, so the protests were quite large. The first March for Choice, held in September 2012, gathered a couple of thousand people, which was no small feat at the time. It was the biggest in about a decade.
A month later, Savita Halappanavar died. Savita was pregnant and died because she was refused an abortion. She had been told she was going to have a miscarriage and there was a risk of infection but, according to the law, doctors were not allowed to intervene until her life was at imminent risk. This was a real wake-up call and put us under the global spotlight. Soon afterwards, in January 2013, the Abortion Rights Campaign began its work.
But none of this happened out of the blue; it was the result of decades of activism. And of course, the Abortion Rights Campaign was just one among many groups rallying for repeal. But Savita’s death was a turning point: many young people started their journey when it happened. From then on, the Marches for Choice got bigger and bigger every year and at some point, we figured out that we had to call a referendum to repeal the eighth amendment and push for political change. We had been agitating for a while, marching in the streets and getting bigger and stronger, and in the meantime, other terrible things that happened strengthened the view that change was necessary, including a horrific court case involving a young brain-dead woman kept on life support against her family’s wishes because she was 16 weeks pregnant.
3. How did you manage to shift public opinion towards repeal?
In early 2016 Amnesty International commissioned a poll that showed overwhelming support for change, with a breakdown of where people stood regarding different causes for legal abortion, including incest, rape, risk to the woman’s health and foetal abnormality. A little under 40 per cent were in favour of allowing women to access abortion as they choose, while about 40 per cent were in favour of allowing it only under very restrictive circumstances. Going in, we estimated we were looking at a maximum of 45 per cent of support.
So we started with a strong, solid base of 40-plus per cent, and we knew the other side had a solid 10 to 20 per cent. There were lots of people, another 40 per cent, who were in doubt, unsure of where they stood. These were the people who could tip the scale, so we had to go talk to them. The common thinking is that people who are unsure will stick to the status quo because that’s what they know. But we knew that when people get the facts, when they get to listen to the evidence, they tend to come to a more pro-choice position. We knew this because that is exactly what happened to each of us, personally: we heard about the issue, thought about it, said ‘well, actually that’s really unfair, let’s work on it’. That’s also what we saw happen at the Citizen’s Assembly and again at the Joint Parliamentary Committee. We saw this time and again and knew it was just a matter of letting people have these conversations. We knew there was a big swathe of people that needed to be persuaded one way or the other, so this was a big part of our strategy: to encourage conversation and bring the tools so they could take place.
As activism grew and marches got bigger, we figured out a couple of things. One was that there was an increasing sentiment for change: no matter how you felt about abortion, there was a growing sense that the status quo was not helping women. Our abortion policies had drawn criticism from international human rights bodies. This just couldn’t go on – so at some point we needed to start talking to politicians to make sure they understood that they couldn’t brush the issue under the carpet anymore.
So we decided to make abortion a red-line issue in the 2016 general elections – that is, a key issue that politicians would be asked about daily as they knocked on our doors to ask for our votes. And we gave people the language to talk to their politicians about the issue. We knew that if they encountered the issue once and again when they were canvassing, they would pay attention. We did this in a number of ways: we had civic engagement training sessions where we would give people information about how referendums work, how the law works, what it says about the issue, what we can do and what our position regarding free, safe and legal abortion is. And it worked! We succeeded in forcing the issue into the agenda.
The other thing we realised is that, if and when this came to a referendum, it couldn’t just be a Dublin-based campaign – we had to go national. So we worked very hard to set up regional groups in every county around Ireland. By the time the referendum came, there was a pro-choice group in every county. And those groups went on to form canvassing groups that would hold their own events and talk to their politicians.
4. What role did the media play in the process? How did you work with both traditional and social media?
From my perspective, a key takeaway from the process is that it is vital to use social media to create a space so people can have a nuanced discussion about these issues.
With traditional media, our hands were tied, because when it comes to controversial issues, they are required to provide ‘balanced coverage’. According to a 1995 Supreme Court ruling, it is unconstitutional for the government to spend taxpayers’ money to provide arguments for only one side in a referendum. As a result, any broadcaster that receives state funding must allocate equal airtime to both sides. So, if you talk on TV about how you had an abortion, or you say you are pro-choice, the opposite view has to be given space as well. Even if someone was telling their actual story of needing an abortion and having to travel to the UK, saying exactly what had happened to them, rather than preaching about right or wrong, there would be someone who would be called in to ‘balance’ that. And the rule was interpreted very broadly, so it applied not just during the referendum campaign but also for years before that. It was very stifling.
In other words, traditional media were a massive block to people’s education. You normally look to the media to educate yourself on an issue, but it is not educational to constantly pitch ideas against each other, especially on an issue as complex and nuanced as abortion can be. So we had to bypass the mainstream media to get to the people. Fortunately, we exist in the time of social media, and we put a lot of effort into it and gave people the language and the nuance to talk about these things. We were used to hearing discussions about the morality of abortion where it was either right or wrong: there was no middle ground for people who were not that comfortable with it but thought the status quo was bad, and there was no room to talk about it.
We advocate for free, safe and legal abortion for anyone who wants or needs one, no questions asked, because we know it’s the gold standard and believe that women having choice and control over their own lives is a good thing. But we didn’t want to impose this on people. Rather we wanted to give people the language to talk about it, allowing them to ask more questions, to find out what they were ready to accept and how far they were ready to go. This really worked. There has been so much discussion about the dark web, bots, trolls and possible interference with the campaign – but there were hundreds of pro-choice Twitter accounts and Facebook profiles set by hundreds of pro-choice individuals, and we had tools to protect the space we had created where these discussions were taking place. For instance, a group of volunteers created Repeal Shield, which was basically a public list of bots and troll accounts. When a user flagged an account by messaging @repeal_shield, a volunteer would investigate, and if the account met the criteria of being a bot or troll, it would be added to the list. As a result, people could keep having a conversation without interference.
One big takeaway from this is that people have power. They usually don’t feel like they do, but what they do matters. Someone clicking ‘like’ on your page because they really like it means so much more than paid advertising. People don’t realise that, but when it comes to something that needs to be shared by many people or otherwise won’t be visible at all, this gives everyone a bit of power. Of course, there’s a lot more to activism than clicking ‘like’ on a Facebook post, but every little thing adds up.
We are always told that there we are an echo chamber, that we only talk with people who already think alike, but it turned out that we weren’t doing this at all. We got 66 per cent of the vote. That was not an echo chamber. That was reality.
Traditional media and politicians were slower to catch up to this, so we carved our own way. I am not saying this is the way to go for every activist group around the world. For one, Ireland has very good internet coverage, most people have access to it, and we have high user rates of Twitter and Instagram. This is not the case everywhere. But we used the tools we had, and it worked for us.
5. What other tactics did you use?
We gave people the language and an understanding of the political process, and that didn’t happen on social media; it happened on the ground. We would talk to people and they would bring the issue to their doorsteps. The Abortion Rights Campaign is a grassroots organisation, and what we did best was give people those tools so that they could then use them themselves. For years we had stalls every second week so people would come, have a chat, get information, take a leaflet. We had monthly meetings so people would learn about the organisation and how they could join, and sometimes we had somebody bring in a different perspective, such as a migrant or somebody from Direct Provision, a terrible institution for asylum seekers. We also developed training activities for marginalised groups about abortion in a wider reproductive context.
Other groups would lobby politicians. We are now probably going to do so, but at the time the grassroots campaign was our main concern. We also did advocacy at both the national and international levels, including submissions to various United Nations bodies. And we maintained links with Irish groups in other countries, because the Irish diaspora is very focused on this issue. We also had connections with other organisations that didn’t have a direct pro-choice mandate but might support a repeal stance, such as migrants’ rights groups, disability groups and others.
Beyond women’s rights organisations, we got the support of international human rights organisations, including Amnesty International, which meant a lot because everyone knows who they are, as well as some migrants’ rights organisations. An awful lot of the charity organisations in Ireland would have a nun or a priest on their board, so they would not take a stand on this issue. But a lot did, and we got a lot of support. More than a hundred organisations eventually signed up.
And of course, we sold t-shirts, repeal jumpers, so we gave people visibility. People became visibly pro-choice. You knew somebody was on your side when you saw them. You felt supported on a decision that maybe once you took and never told anybody about. Now you knew there was a visible crowd of people who supported you.
6. What was the tone of the debate?
A lot of it was about the moralities of abortion. Many people would say ‘I believe that life begins at conception; I believe you are taking a human life’ – and that’s okay, it’s people’s beliefs. But there were also lots of arguments that were brought in that were disprovable, greatly exaggerated, or not responding to the reality of what people were going through. Abortion is a contentious issue and there are indeed conversations to be had around disabilities and the like. But people were saying things like: ‘99 per cent of the people who get a diagnosis of Down’s Syndrome will abort’. And may be true in certain contexts, but not necessarily here. And in any case, that says more about our attitudes towards people with disabilities than it does about abortion.
While some of it was about people’s deeply held beliefs, there were also lies, exaggerations and a deliberate misuse of stats. Some really nasty stuff happened: a huge amount of graphic images were used and are still out there. I absolutely do not think that every ‘no’ voter is a terrible person - people have their beliefs and their struggles - but I do think the anti-choice campaign made it quite nasty. It never got as bad as we had expected, but it was still hard.
7. For things to happen, changing the Constitution seems to be just a first - big - step. What work remains to be done, and what will be the role of the Abortion Rights Campaign?
When the eighth amendment was repealed, legislation about abortion had already been put on the table. It wasn’t fully spelled out, but it provided broad strokes of legislation coming from the recommendations of the Citizens’ Assembly and the Joint Parliamentary Committee. As a result, people knew going in what they were voting for: 12-week access with no restrictions as to reason, and longer if a woman’s life or health is in danger or in case of severe foetal abnormalities. There are discussions about mandatory wait periods and this kind of thing, and we are not that happy about those, but part of our work is to have discussions about that.
The legislation will be debated in the autumn and we expect it to be brought forward at the beginning of 2019. In the meantime, our job is to keep the pressure on to make sure that the legislation includes the right language and that people who continue to travel or take pills are taken care of. The Abortion Rights Campaign has a broader mandate. We have a mandate to seek the establishment of free, safe and legal abortion, but we also have a longer-term mandate aimed at de-stigmatising abortion. We’ve taken huge steps towards that because we’ve had this national conversation and it’s not possible to avoid the issue any more, but we still have a long way to go.
It’s been more than a month since the referendum, and we are already strategising about what we want and how we see our role moving forward, in forcing legislation through and making sure people don’t fall through the cracks. Are people still having to travel to the UK? What improvements can be made? We need to make sure our legislation is good enough, that it allows people to get access. All along, part of the ban on abortion was also a ban on information about abortion, and most of all about how to get one. You were basically left to your own devices to go sort yourself out in the UK, and there were rogue pregnancy agencies giving terrible advice and purposefully delaying women seeking abortions. So a big part of what will come in the future will be making sure that doctors can actually take care of their patients. We take it that conscientious objection is going to come into play and need to make sure that it does not undo any of the good that we have achieved.
Civic space in Ireland is rated as ‘open’ by theCIVICUS Monitor.
Get in touch with the Abortion Rights Campaign through itswebsite orFacebook page, or follow@freesafelegal on Twitter. | <urn:uuid:f318eb30-e3f5-42c7-be37-182adc8d9db3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://civicus.org/index.php/es/component/tags/tag/europa | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.984984 | 3,763 | 2.078125 | 2 |
The Battle of Amiens began on the 8th August 1918 and lasted until the 11th. It was a stunning success for the Allies and marked the beginning of the Hundred Days Offensive that drove the Germans back and resulted in an Allied victory in the First World War.
Amiens showed how capable the soldiers of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) were by 1918. The lead-up to the battle was a masterpiece of planning in terms of both speed and detail, of administration, transportation, logistics and supply. Once the fighting began the different arms of the BEF came together in harmony to work as a system that forced the Germans to retreat, inflicting heavy losses and shattering their belief in victory.
This article will look at the planning and preparation for the battle. A second will detail the course of the fighting.
Amiens itself was a vital road and rail hub for the BEF. It had been successfully defended during the German Spring Offensive, and now lay in the British Fourth Army’s sector, commanded by General Sir Henry Rawlinson and made up of British III Corps and the Australian Corps.
During the summer of 1918 the Australians had aggressively pushed the Germans back through constant raids, a process called ‘peaceful penetration.’ This showed that the Germans in front of Amiens were manning inadequate defences and suffering from poor morale. Rawlinson began considering a larger attack.
On the 4th July the Australians launched a limited, but highly successful attack at Hamel (find out more here). Rawlinson’s plan was based on what had worked there. In particular he emphasized surprise, which meant both assembling the attacking forces in secrecy, and not using a preliminary artillery bombardment. The infantry would be supported by tanks and aircraft. Importantly, Rawlinson also requested, and was granted, the Canadian Corps, the largest and most powerful Corps in the BEF.
Rawlinson submitted his proposal to BEF General Headquarters on the 17th July. A week later it was approved and he began detailed preparations. Two changes were made. Firstly Rawlinson’s original date of the 10th August was brought forwards to the 8th, and secondly units of the French First Army were included in the plan.
The ultimate aim of the battle was to advance to the old French Amiens Outer Defence Line. This would stop the Germans from shelling Amiens by driving them out of artillery range, improve the Allied position and do further damage to German strength and morale.
This advance was divided into three stages. To reach the first objective (the Green Line) required an advance of around 3500-4000 yards. The next objective was the Red Line, between 2000 and 5000 yards further, and the third was named the Blue Line. Total distances to here varied by sector, but were between 10,500 and 14,000 yards (6-8 miles).
The intention was that the units that fought to the Green Line would stop and consolidate there, then fresh troops would pass through and advance to the Red and Blue Lines, or beyond if possible.
Rawlinson knew that the attack would rely heavily on surprise. If the Germans had any idea it was coming they could rush in reinforcements and reposition their artillery so it couldn’t be hit by British guns. For this reason extensive steps were taken to disguise the build-up.
Firstly, many soldiers simply weren’t told until as late as possible. Formal orders were issued between the 31st July and the 5th August, with frontline infantrymen not briefed until even later. Those who did know were ordered not to discuss it in public. To hammer home the point, a small notice entitled ‘KEEP YOUR MOUTH SHUT’ was issued to everyone in Fourth Army.
Movements of troops and supplies in the Fourth Army sector were restricted to night time. Supply dumps, artillery positions and tanks were to be camouflaged, and aircraft flew over the lines to drown out the noise of moving vehicles and to look for any units violating these orders.
The most difficult, and most important element of the need for secrecy was the move of the Canadian Corps. This was the largest Corps in the BEF, well trained and at full strength. They had a reputation as shock troops, and could be expected to spearhead any large British offensive.
It was currently based around Arras, over 30 miles to the north. Moving it would be a massive undertaking. It would also be a clear sign to the Germans that an attack was planned for wherever they ended up.
To try and deceive the Germans, two Canadian battalions were moved further north to Kemmel, with orders to simulate the radio traffic of the entire Corps. GHQ also issued a number of contradictory orders about the final destination of the Corps, including launching attacks at Kemmel or at Arras, moving them into reserve, and replacing the Australians at Amiens.
This need for secrecy did cause some problems. Planning for the move had to be conducted in just 24 hours, and the move itself in nine days. The Corps was over 100,000 men strong, with hundreds of vehicles, artillery pieces and horses, and thousands of tons of supplies. There were only two roads leading into the Corps’ assembly areas, so traffic congestion was a major problem.
Bringing up supplies was also a challenge. Just the Canadian Corps required over 7000 tons of artillery ammunition alone and the distance from the storage dumps to the artillery firing positions was so great that supply trucks could only make one trip per day. This required large amounts of petrol. The soldiers also needed food, water, small arms ammunition and ‘trench stores’ such as sandbags and tools. The same was true of the other two Corps.
Despite these problems, and others, careful planning and staff work ensured the move was a success, with the last ammunition deliveries arriving just a few hours before the attack was scheduled to begin.
The Attacking Forces
From north to south the attack would be mounted by III Corps, then the Australians, then the Canadians, with the French to the very south. They would be supported by units of the Tank Corps and aircraft of the RAF. There would also be fast Whippet tanks and Cavalry held ready to exploit successes by rushing forwards ahead of the infantry to disrupt German rear areas.
III Corps would attack on the high ground north of the River Somme, aiming to take the Chipilly Spur. This included steep slopes and gullies that could be seen from the German defences on the Spur. This was very difficult ground to attack over, and the plan seems to have recognised this. III Corps was the smallest Corps taking part in the battle and was made up of units that had lost men in the German Spring Offensive so contained many inexperienced soldiers. Their role was essentially to protect the flank of the Australian and Canadian attack further south.
The stronger and more experienced Australian Corps and Canadian Corps would form the main thrust of the attack. Most of their section of the battlefield was open and flat, with few obstacles or natural defences, and it hadn’t been heavily shelled. At the southern edge of the battlefield the marshland on the banks of the River Luce would pose more of an obstacle, as would the high ground to its south on the border with the French sector.
The whole force would be supported by 1300 field guns and almost 700 heavy pieces. Sophisticated but well-established techniques such as sound ranging and flash spotting were used to locate German artillery, and by the beginning of the battle the positions of 504 out of 530 German guns had been discovered. Accurate surveying meant that British guns could be aimed at them without needing to fire, preserving surprise.
The RAF deployed 800 aircraft to support the attack. 330 were allocated to directly support attacking units, and another 300 for attacks on more distant targets. The Tank Corps could field 552 machines in 13 battalions (10 of Mark V and Mark V*, 2 of Whippets and the Armoured Cars of the 17th Battalion). This made Amiens the largest tank battle of the war.
Preparing for a battle the size and complexity of Amiens would probably have been beyond the BEF 2 years earlier, and still have posed a massive challenge in 1917. However the mistakes and lessons of earlier in the war had been learned, and soldiers across the BEF were approaching the pinnacle of their ability. Everything had come together, and early on the morning of the 8th August 1918 the BEF was ready to show what it could do.
Written by Ian Hudson, Research Assistant | <urn:uuid:32b53109-f602-48cf-bbee-5108bd5a8310> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tank100.com/training-combat/the-battle-of-amiens-part-one/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.985377 | 1,762 | 3.671875 | 4 |
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Latitude: 55.8711 / 55°52'16"N
Longitude: -4.2715 / 4°16'17"W
OS Eastings: 257965
OS Northings: 666552
OS Grid: NS579665
Mapcode National: GBR 0HH.53
Mapcode Global: WH3P2.CP5G
Plus Code: 9C7QVPCH+F9
Entry Name: 16 Queen's Crescent, Glasgow
Listing Name: 1-18 Queen's Crescent and 106 West Princes Street and 1 and 2 Melrose Street
Listing Date: 15 December 1970
Last Amended: 8 May 1975
Source: Historic Scotland
Source ID: 374009
Historic Scotland Designation Reference: LB32247
Building Class: Cultural
Electoral Ward: Hillhead
Traditional County: Lanarkshire
Tagged with: Building
John Bryce, architect, 1840. Classical curved terrace
bisected by Melrose Street, laid out around D-shaped
garden; 5-bay flank to 106 West Princes Street. 2
storeys with attics and basement; 3-storey, 5-bay
terminal pavilions. Ashlar, droved at basement,
channelled at ground, mostly painted. Steps oversailing
basement to shallow Roman Doric engaged pillar
doorpieces; pavilions have Roman Doric columnar
porches. Recessed tripartite door with pilastered jambs;
sidelights and fanlights. All upper windows architraved
(many chiselled off) those at 1st floor corniced.
1st floor pavilion windows aproned and with bracketted
pediment. Sash windows, mainly plate glass glazing;
some small-pane glazing. Band/string courses between
floors; eaves course; cornice; blocking course (plain
parapet at pavilions) intermittent pierced roof
balustrade, with dormers behind. Axial stacks, plain
flues; slate roofs. Return elevation: 106 West Princes
Street 5-bays, detailed as pavilions. Decorative
cast-iron railings to basement and steps; some modern. No
5 with coloured leaded glass door.
Interior plasterwork good; corniced ceiling work to No
Part of Queen's Crescent B Group.
External links are from the relevant listing authority and, where applicable, Wikidata. Wikidata IDs may be related buildings as well as this specific building. If you want to add or update a link, you will need to do so by editing the Wikidata entry.
Other nearby listed buildings | <urn:uuid:4ade0e20-f064-4a7b-b9e0-451873f99382> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/200374009-16-queens-crescent-glasgow-glasgow | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.854141 | 622 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Teaching Feminist Activism: Strategies from the Field
Lieferbar innert 2 Wochen
BeschreibungFrom theoretical analysis to practical teaching tools, an indispensable guide for educators seeking to link feminist theory and activism to their teaching. Included are web sites, videos, recommended texts, and additional course outlines.
InhaltsverzeichnisPreface Introduction 1. Teaching Feminist Activism Experientially - Karen Bojar and Nancy Naples I. Theorizing Experiential Learning and Activist Strategies 2. The Dynamics of Critical Pedagogy, Experiential Learning and Feminist Praxis in Women's Studies - Nancy A. Naples 3. Collaborative Learning, Subversive Teaching, and Activism - Jane A. Rinehart 4. Challenging the 'Academic/Real World' Divide - Catherine M. Orr 5. Teaching Feminist Activism: Probing our Assumptions, Analyzing our Choices - Karen Bojar II. Teaching Feminist Politics Experientially 6. Teaching Community Action in the Introductory Women's Studies Classroom - Nancy A. Naples 7. Bridging Feminist Theory and Feminist Practice in a Senior Seminar - Jennifer L. Rexroat 8. Activism and the Women's Studies Curriculum - Ellen Cronan Rose III. Teaching Intersectionality: The Politics of Gender, Race, Class, and Globalization 9. Global Feminism and Activism in a Women's Studies Practicum - Kayann Short 10. Globalization and Radical Feminist Pedagogy - Anna M. Agathangelou 11. Activism and Alliance Within Campus Sisterhood Organizations - Simona J. Hill 12. The Individual and Collective Rewards of Community-Based Service Learning - Patricia Washington IV. Women's Studies, Experiential Education, and Community Partnership 13. Building Feminist Educational Alliances - Melissa Kesler Gilbert and Catherine Sameh 14. The Atlanta Semester Program in Women's Leadership and Social Change - Isa Williams 15. Women Studies and the Women and Poverty Public Education Initiative - Katherine Rhoades, Anne Statham and Mary Kay Scheiter 16. A Women's Studies Foray into Web Site Development - Rebecca Anne Allahyari Conclusion 17. Reflections on the Present and Future of Feminist Praxis in Women's Studies - Karen Bojar and Nancy A. Naples Works Cited Resources: Student Internship Settings Web Sites - Rebecca Anne Allahyari Additional Resources: Reference Guides, Publications, Videos, and Web Sites for Teaching Feminist Activism - Joan Ariel and Jennifer Rogers Contributors
PortraitNancy Naples is Associate Professor of Sociology and Women's Studies at the University of Connecticut, and the author of several books including Community Activism and Feminist Politics. Karen Bojar is Professor of English and Women's Studies at the Community College of Philadelphia.
Pressestimmen"This book is an essential resource for helping Women's Studies and other faculty conceptualize and carry out feminist and activist projects outside the classroom. Full of concrete examples and multiple resources, the provocative and thoughtful approaches detailed here will challenge and inform one's thinking, teaching, and research."
-Frances A. Maher, co-author of "The Feminist Classroom
"A valuable collection of essays that will interest anyone engaged in teaching some version of feminism or activism, whether labeled as such or not. Reading across these different circumstances and efforts is both illuminating and inspiring."
-Marjorie L. DeVault, author of "Liberating Method: Feminism and Social Research
"This collection is sure to stimulate interest in trying to connect the classroom with the wider world of feminist organizing and action projects. The diversity of experiences on which faculty report is broad indeed, and the frankness with which they discuss the problems as well as the rewards is reassuring. There is something here for every teacher to find relevant and inspiring."
-Myra Marx Ferree, author of "Controversy and Coalition: The New Feminist Movement Across Four Decades of Change
Untertitel: Sprache: Englisch.
Verlag: ROUTLEDGE CHAPMAN HALL
Erscheinungsdatum: Mai 2002
Seitenanzahl: 324 Seiten | <urn:uuid:abf2eb90-7634-46a9-8338-c2686423ee3d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://m.ebook.de/de/product/2621188/teaching_feminist_activism_strategies_from_the_field.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00137-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.804631 | 854 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Authorities in Belarus are stepping up their efforts to crack down on protests. It's been a month since protestors began demanding the ouster of longtime president Alexander Lukashenko. They say last month's election was rigged and that Lukashenko needs to go.
The movement has been led by people like Belarusian opposition figure Maria Kolesnikova. Today, witnesses in Minsk say she was snatched off the street by unidentified masked men, then thrown into a minibus and driven away. Police have denied detaining her.
It's the latest incident in a month that has redefined Belarus. But how has the international community responded to all the upheaval?
Linas Linkevicius, the Lithuanian minister of foreign affairs, has been one of the most vocal world leaders speaking up against Alexander Lukashenko. He spoke to The World’s host Marco Werman about the protests and upheaval in neighboring Belarus.
Linas Linkevicius: Yeah, I believe it's not just for the opposition, to everyone, because the outgoing authorities, they changed tactics instead of massive brutality, they are doing that ad hoc and case-by-case and trying to intimidate, first of all, [the] members of coordination council, because this council, they need to create kind of a platform for democratic process and new elections. I believe it's really not too much. And now we can see that we, just maybe a few members, maybe two, to be precise, [are] left in freedom, so to say. And others [have] either left the country temporarily, or they were forced to flee as Svetlana Tikhanovskaya, or something as it is now with [Maria] Kolesnikova. So we definitely see that the signals are quite clear that the opposition must calm down. Otherwise, they will be put into custody. And that's the plan. So to calm down [the] situation, as it was always the case, they did that before many times. And now [they’re] trying to repeat [it].
Yes, indeed. She was blackmailed. And we tried to reach her when she was still in Belarus, when she visited the electoral committee and submitting kind of [an] appeal to recount the votes. And she also disappeared and then we understood that she was provided not too many options. One option was to flee the country. ... and ... she already had [a] Lithuanian national visa, same as many others who potentially could be exposed to this danger. So, she decided to go to Lithuania. And authorities didn't prevent that, [they] even helped her to leave. And she [is] in Lithuania. So, the only kind of assistance by Lithuania is to provide this refuge or security. And she's acting on her own, making statements — now communicating much more than at the beginning — and meeting leaders, traveling a bit.
Yeah, I talked to her at the beginning. She was devastated, I have to say, and even depressed. And she initially was not able even to say anything, because we have to understand her husband is still in custody and we can assume what kind of treatment he's ... undergoing. And I'm afraid that she is really blackmailed.
Yeah, now it's kind of on pause. You know, everybody [is] waiting a bit [to see] what will happen next. So people on the streets are still peaceful. Massive movements every weekend. Enormous number of people, which [were] never [seen] before. And they are not scared. It's surprising, by the way, because despite all these intimidations, torturing and humiliations, they are still very active. And this is their very strong argument. In Belarus, Belarusian outgoing authorities still believe they can save time, inventing some mechanisms like constitutional reform and trying to calm down and intimidate these people. And sponsors in Moscow, also, they believe that ... they probably have many options and all these options are bad for them. But they decided to choose the support of this compromised leadership, which is, I believe, quite detrimental for themselves, as well.
So, now this is the situation, and therefore, we need really to come up with a very clear international message of support to the people of Belarus, not just a message of moral support, but also to help these victims of repressions, to find a way how to help them free media, civil society. Also, a message to the outgoing leadership that they are definitely outgoing and their mandate is expired.
It's also very important to note — if they will try to pretend that they are elected, it's not true. And also a message to Russia: They must refrain from meddling in the domestic affairs of Belarus, because unfortunately, sadly, I would predict that they now will speed up this so-called integration process of [a] union of [the] two states and not much will remain from the sovereignty and independence of Belarus.
Not now. In general, we definitely worry about instability in the neighborhood. And we are members of very serious and important organizations like NATO, the European Union. So our stations are quite different. And by the way, all these rhetorics about external threats to Belarus is fake. And that was denied many times by NATO leaders, by all the others. So, we can repeat it's definitely groundless. So, maybe they would like to prove [that] this calls for assistance from Russia, even military assistance. But there is no reason — military, moral or legal reasons — for that assistance. But since it's publicly discussed, this is kind of dangerous. And who can deny that possibility? So, now we are looking at that very carefully. We are vigilant and this instability creates a kind of tension and concern. So that's something we should look at very seriously, carefully. So our situation is, as I said, different, but those who are more vulnerable in the neighborhood, they are really suffering.
Well, frankly, the US will decide themselves what they have to state and when and how, but definitely we will expect leadership by the States on whatever happens in the world. Especially, we would like to see this leadership in the area of human rights, freedom ... and that's something that I believe will take place. So, I hope it will happen. It's happening. I know that Stephen Biegun, deputy secretary of state, visited Belarus, and also provided very clear messages. So I believe a strong voice, a consistent position by the United States, could also influence the situation.
This interview has been edited and condensed for clarity. | <urn:uuid:069087ff-b7b8-4f23-b7d4-05eb08ed1474> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theworld.org/stories/2020-09-07/lithuanian-foreign-minister-calls-support-belarusian-protesters | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.982095 | 1,359 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Copyright 2011, CABS for Reflections From the Fence
Published in the Oregonian, Portland, Oregon, on July 9, 1893.
Captured Four Eagles,
Four young American eagles were captured early in the week, near Central Ferry, on the Columbia river, by Johnny Lashbrook, the 11-year-old son of Edgar Lashbrook. Father and son, in company with J.J. Phelan, all of whom reside in Coeur d'Alene City, were on a prospecting tour, with teams and camping outfit. Johnny is rather small for his age, but as full as courage as a lion. The eagle's nest was sighted early in the afternoon. It was in a craggy butte about 30 feet from the ground. On a projecting rock 200 feet high the mother bird perched, but was unnoticed by the party until the boy had almost completed his perilous ascent. Then the old bird suddenly came to life and with a piercing cry of rage circled in the air and swept down upon him. Phelan was holding the horses, who became restless at the mother bird's shrieks. The elder Lashbrook ran for his rifle. The bird in the meantime struck viciously at the boy, who clung to his precarious footing and fought it off with his hat. Three times the bird swooped down angrily. The last time a bullet from Mr. Lashbrook's rifle reached its target and the boy was saved. Johnny proceeded to the nest and brought down all four birds safely. During the ride into Spokane he held them alternately on his knee and fed them from his hand.
Still asking WHY?? Do you have any ideas or comments??
* Photo courtesy of freeclipartpictures.com
More Special Pages From Reflections
- Heritage Flag & The Family Names
- Friend of Friends
- THE Trip, The Maps
- Disclaim THAT! Beholden to - -
- THE Trip, THE Encore' :: The Maps
- THE Trip, THE Encore' :: The Maps, Part Two
- THE Trip, THE Encore' :: The Maps, Part Three
- 2013 Thankful November
- Families Past :: Pedigree Charts
- Edna May Fenton Stevens Time Line Experiments
- Winter Sojourn 2014/15 :: The Maps
- Reflection's Contibutions to the Worldwide Genealo... | <urn:uuid:bec27961-c775-464b-871c-e637596e0dd1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://reflectionsfromthefence.blogspot.com/2011/06/boys-will-be-boys-needed-historical.html?showComment=1307534077489 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00085-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964904 | 490 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Calix is applying its core technology platform to make global shipping carbon-negative.
Maritime transport emits around one billion tonnes of CO2 annually, which is about 2.5 per cent of global CO2 emissions.
In line with its drive to reduce CO2 emissions, the European Union (EU) called for a global approach to curbing emissions and commenced mandatory emission reporting for all large ships using EU ports from 2018.
Dr Brian Sweeney, business development manager, Calix, said :
“Current International Maritime Organisation (IMO) plans will reduce emissions by 50 per cent. Calix is developing a system with the potential to eliminate the rest.”
Calix has developed a process called RECAST that would reduce CO2 emissions by capturing sulphur and CO2 on the ship. RECAST uses a dry exhaust gas scrubber with zero emissions lime, which absorbs more than 85 per cent of the CO2, and most of the sulphur, and recovers the heat of absorption to add around 40 per cent to the ship’s range, increasing the ship’s efficiency.
Dr Sweeney said,
“If RECAST technology were applied to the 25 per cent of high-mileage ships that use 80 per cent of global bunker fuel, our initial estimates indicate the reduction in emissions would make the total world maritime fleet carbon-negative.”
To achieve this, the lime used in a RECAST scrubber must be manufactured in a shore-based Calix process lime producer, which captures the CO2 from the raw limestone. This technology is now being demonstrated at scale in Belgium as part of the Low Emissions Intensity Lime and Cement (LEILAC) Project, a Calix-led European-Australian collaboration.
Dr Sweeney said, “Initial estimates suggest RECAST could cost less than US$50 per tonne of CO2 emissions saved, making it cost-effective as well as safe and reliable. Calix is currently seeking funding to develop RECAST.
“This is another example of how Calix technology can be used to address global challenges. The world is seeing a number of challenges right now that can only be solved through creative thinking and innovation. Calix continues to be highly-focused on researching and developing solutions that contribute to making a difference to issues such as carbon emissions.” | <urn:uuid:9bd09e73-6541-42fb-a7b1-b3f78652c0d2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://calix.global/co2-mitigation-focus-area/make-global-shipping-carbon-negative/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.940967 | 478 | 2.609375 | 3 |
December 1st is celebrated as World AIDS Day.
This year the theme is ‘Close the gap’.
Closing the gap means empowering and enabling all people, everywhere, to access the services they need.
- By closing the HIV testing gap, the 19 million people who are unaware of their HIV-positive status can begin to get support.
- By closing the treatment gap, all 35 million people living with HIV will have access to life-saving medicine(s).
- By closing the gap in access to medicines for children, all children living with HIV will be able to access treatment, not just the 24% who have access today.
- By closing the access gap, all people can be included as part of the solution.
Other messages for closing the gap are:
Close the HIV treatment gap
Close the HIV prevention gap
Close the gap—full respect for human rights
Close the gap—no more stigma
Close the gap—zero AIDS-related deaths
Close the gap—adolescent girls and young women are being left behind
Close the gap—people who inject drugs need access to HIV services
Closing the gap means that ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030 is possible.
Link to WHO World AIDS Day 2014 page: http://www.who.int/campaigns/aids-day/2014/event/en/
Link to WHO factsheet on HIV/AIDS: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs360/en/
Link to World AIDS Day 2014 Factsheet: http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/documents/WAD2014_FactSheet_en.pdf
Link to UNAIDS Gap Report: http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/UNAIDS_Gap_report_en.pdf
Link to World AIDS Day 2014 brochure: http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/documents/WAD2014_closethegap_en.pdf
Link to World AIDS Day 2014 Infographics: http://www.unaids.org/en/WAD2014infographics
Link to World AIDS Day 2014 UNAIDS web page: http://www.unaids.org/en/WAD2014closethegap | <urn:uuid:bf8de278-9cf3-4d0b-a7c2-de4a36e557b1> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://communitymedicine4asses.wordpress.com/2014/11/26/world-aids-day-2014-close-the-gap/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721174.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00282-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.816808 | 492 | 3.578125 | 4 |
DEFINITION of 'Air Pocket Stock'
A stock that experiences a sudden drop, similar to a plane hitting an air pocket. Air pocket stocks are usually the result of investors reacting to negative news.
BREAKING DOWN 'Air Pocket Stock'
This is almost always caused by shareholders selling because of unexpected bad news. An air pocket stock isn't necessarily in dire straits. More often than not, the abrupt, drop caused by disgruntled investors is usually the end of the correction. | <urn:uuid:f3d0573e-5c98-4615-94ad-25520ce9dab1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/airpocketstock.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00245-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931769 | 98 | 1.554688 | 2 |
I recently wrote about my disappointment with a very small part of Kaiser Fung's new book, "How Numbers Rule Your World." I want to point out again that I have really enjoyed the book. One of the things that makes it really interesting is the little asides of historical note that are just the kind of detail I love...
Case in point:
In the same chapter I spoke of in the last blog, Kaiser explains a little about the history of the lie detector.
William Marston, A Harvard-trained psychologist who was the first to relate truth telling and blood pressure variations, failed to popularize the concept in the early twentieth century, but he ultimately achieved immortality by creating the comic book heroine Wonder Woman, who not coincidentally wieled a Magic Lasso that "makes all who are encircled in it tell the truth". | <urn:uuid:9b506998-538b-40ad-840d-be2791d589b4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://pballew.blogspot.com/2010/10/more-about-timid-testers.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00361-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956479 | 172 | 1.75 | 2 |
To meet the man with one of the most dangerous jobs in the world, I must pass 10 separate security checkpoints. Five groups of Somali soldiers, three of Ugandan soldiers, one of Somali presidential bodyguards and finally a Ugandan close-protection officer all ask for my pistol. (To general bewilderment, I don’t have one.) They then scan me with handheld metal detectors, squeeze my armpits, my shoes and my ears, relieve me of my phone, my flashlight, my computer and then my entire bag, finally leaving me with the clothes I am wearing, two pens and a notepad. The reason for this stringent security is not hard to spot. There are bullet holes in the windows of Villa Somalia, the complex in central Mogadishu where Somali President Hassan Sheik Mohamud works. Inside, fresh plaster and paint vainly try to hide more scars of battle — more bullet holes and grenade splashes — on the walls. The curtains in Hassan’s office are drawn, even at midday, but from behind them comes an intermittent crack-crack of gunfire and the occasional, distant boom. “Every single hour, someone is trying to eliminate me,” says Hassan. “But hundreds of thousands of Somalis have died, and if I die, I would be just one of them. It is not that I will live longer if I am not a politician.”
Hassan, 57, hasn’t been a politician for very long. He founded the Peace and Development Party (PDP) only in mid-2010. During Somalia’s presidential election on Sept. 10, 2012, he went from all but unknown to main challenger to President-elect in a single day. That would be unusual enough. More remarkable for Somalia, however, Hassan is not a warlord or a clan leader or a terrorist. He is, instead, a married father of five and former teacher who has become the first President of the first permanent civilian government in Somalia since the country erupted in civil war in 1991.
His task is immense. It is President Hassan’s job to stitch back together the world’s most failed state and establish peace and prosperity in a nation that, in the past two decades, has given the world the American military debacle known as Black Hawk Down, a militia affiliated with al-Qaeda, a hoard of 21st century pirates and recurrent famines that have cost hundreds of thousands of lives and created millions of refugees. All while trying not to be assassinated. Hassan may represent a new beginning for Somalia, but few fresh starts were ever so colored by the past. “We’re starting everything from scratch,” he says. “We lost everything in the war. Everything has been destroyed. We’re walking in the dark.”Still, even if the guns are yet to fall silent, signs that Somalia may be emerging into the light are plentiful and dramatic. In 2008, Somalia’s al-Qaeda-allied Islamists, al-Shabab, controlled most of southern Somalia, including nearly all of the capital, Mogadishu. But in July 2011, after two years of fighting block-by-block in Mogadishu with an advancing African Union force of Ugandans and Burundians called AMISOM, al-Shabab abruptly left the city. Today, after mass defections and more defeats, the Islamists hold only a small section of southern Somalia.In the wake of their departure, Mogadishu has blossomed. All but a handful of the 60 or so neighborhood militia checkpoints, at which teenagers chewing the stimulant khat used to extract bribes at the point of a gun, are gone. Shop owners have patched up their broken walls, repaved their sidewalks and thrown open their doors once more. They are being joined by a mass of returning expatriates from countries like Britain, the U.S. and Australia who are bringing in hundreds of millions of dollars to fix up their homes and invest in new businesses. A line of ships arriving with concrete, cars and mobile phones, and then departing with Somali camels, mangoes and bananas, sits at anchor outside Mogadishu’s now inadequate port — an indication both of sudden economic growth and an equally rapid decline in piracy, a consequence of ship owners’ hiring armed guards.
Suddenly, what was a bullet-riddled no-man’s-land only a year ago is now teeming with life. Despite the threat of bombs, like one at a beachside restaurant on Aug. 16 that killed at least one person, every Friday sees a crowd of thousands gather on Mogadishu’s stunning white-sand beach, the Lido — a former stronghold of al-Shabab — to swim, play football and enjoy an ice cream or even a barbecued lobster. Thousands of Somalis walk previously deserted streets and sip coffee and smoke shisha under the protective aura of relit streetlights at roadside cafés late into the night. International hotel chains are buying up seafront property. Coca-Cola has reopened its Mogadishu factory. “It’s a sea change,” says Augustine Mahiga, U.N. special representative to Somalia.
With the warlords largely pacified, the Islamists routed and pirates turning to fishing once more, whether Somalia’s moment of hope graduates to becoming a new normal for the country depends largely on the new President. Even the most optimistic admit to crossing their fingers. “Every time I see him I discover some new positive, remarkable thing about him,” says Mahiga. “But he faces a very serious challenge. And he’s never worked in government.” Asked if he is up to the job, Hassan is confident. “Of course,” he says. “There is no doubt about our will.” And to convince me, he tells me about his career as a teacher.
Back to School
Before the war, says Hassan, Mogadishu had 350,000 schoolchildren. But once the fighting started in 1991, the education system was one of its first casualties. Within a year, barely a school in the city was operating. “Schools became refugee camps and graveyards,” says Hassan. The engineering graduate and sometime consultant to the U.N. foresaw disaster. It had been narrow clan thinking that brought Somalia to its knees, reckoned Hassan. How could Somalia ever hope to break out of that if a whole generation never went to school? In 1992, with the assistance of the Red Cross, Hassan began reopening many of the city’s schools. But parents, many of whom in wartime needed children to earn their keep, didn’t respond, says Hassan. Most needed their kids to work. “So then we [linked] food with going to school,” Hassan says. To reward attendance, school administrators would give children supplies of rice, cooking oil and sugar, he says. “And that’s how kids started to come back.”
Five years later, Hassan suddenly had thousands of high school graduates. “So that’s when we started a university.” The Somali Institute of Management and Administration (SIMAD) opened in 1999 offering two-year diplomas in management, accounting, computer technology and business administration — subjects chosen for their “employability,” says Hassan, who left SIMAD in 2010. The university now has over 3,000 undergraduates, 150 lecturers, an annual-fees-paid budget of $2.3 million and offers four-year courses at three campuses in the city, with a fourth planned.
Hassan and his staff had built an education system for much of the city during a war. But it was never possible to shut the fighting out. “Many times we had stray bullets fly into the classes and kill a boy or a girl,” says Farah Abdikadir, then a lecturer in business at SIMAD. Every few years, adds Hassan, “there would be a big war here in Mogadishu and everything would just fall to the ground. Faced with having to start from scratch every four or five years, my friends and I realized that until we fixed the political problem, nothing could flourish here in Somalia. So we decided to establish a political party.”
When Hassan first started it in 2010, the PDP was more of an aid group. Members distributed food to refugees. They held classes in the camps. They started refugee football teams. But Hassan soon realized the PDP was still dealing with the fallout of the war, not its primary causes: the fighting among the city’s clans and their warlord leaders. “So we decided to go back into the clans. Our members would try to become clans’ MPs. Then when we all got to parliament, we would catalyze change from within.” The PDP was not welcomed by the clan warlords, who dominated Somalia’s transitional government. But under pressure from donors, the government agreed in 2011 to draft a new constitution and hold elections in 2012 for a new parliament, which would elect a new President.
The PDP saw the presidential election as its big chance to transform the country. Targeting Somalia’s new MPs, who would elect the new leader, “our strategy became to advocate for change,” said Hassan. “We said: ‘If you re-elect the same people, we can expect the same mistakes.’ We used the media a lot: the Internet, television, FM radio across Somalia, billboards. Our message was simple: ‘These guys should not come back.'” The donors added their weight to the campaign. “The warlords were bribing MPs,” says one diplomat. “But the vote was a secret ballot. We told [the MPs]: ‘Take the money, but vote with your conscience. The only person who will know how you vote is you and your God.'”
On Sept. 10, 2012, the incumbent President Sheik Sharif Ahmed, whose administration was accused in a 2012 U.N. report of widespread corruption, won 64 out of 271 votes. Hassan came in a shocking second with 60. In the hours before a second round of voting, says Hassan, “My team went to work. [Our] message was: ‘This is the only chance we have. This is the only time you can save Somalia. Do it now.'” In the second round, the President got 79 votes and Hassan got 190. “It was overwhelming,” Hassan says. “And I was sworn in the same night.”
Quite how completely Hassan’s life had changed was soon bloodily apparent. Just two days later, on Sept. 12, as Hassan held a press conference with the Kenyan Foreign Minster at a hotel close to Mogadishu’s airport, two al-Shabab suicide bombers tried to kill him. One was shot dead by guards at the gates, the second inside the hotel. An African Union soldier and a third attacker, a backup gunman, were also killed in the shootout. Inside the hotel, Hassan continued his speech even as the noise of the gunshots and the detonation of one of the suicide vests echoed around the room. “This is the Mogadishu we are trying to change,” he said.
But if his life changed, Hassan has apparently not. He says that a few days after his election, some clan elders arrived at his office seeking favors. They had brought with them, he says, a suitcase containing $200,000. Hassan politely asked them to deposit the money with the central bank, he says, so that the funds could be incorporated into the central government budget, and bring him the receipt. They did. When word got around that the President had refused a bribe, says Hassan, “everybody wanted to join in. We collected $1 million in 20 days like that.” The story was confirmed by Abdusalam Omer, governor of the central bank.
Hassan has applied the same standard to his Cabinet choices, all of whom are academics, technocrats or civil-society activists chosen for their skills and their reputation for having clean hands. Instead of the bloated Cabinets of Somalia’s past, in which every clan and warlord was bought off with a position, Hassan has appointed just 10 ministers, two of them women. “I didn’t know him at all,” says one, the new Foreign Minister and Deputy Prime Minister Fawzia Adam, 58, formerly a businesswoman and social activist from the autonomous northern region of Somaliland. “He called me out of the blue and said he wanted a few carefully selected and capable people who would focus on efficiency and delivery.” What Hassan is attempting after decades of clan chauvinism and Islamist stricture, says a Western diplomat focused on Somalia, is nothing less than “replacing ideology and dogma with academic pragmatism and, quite simply, reinjecting Somalia’s government with a little intelligence.”
The President also wants to teach the international community some new ways. “Before, the world was doing things for us,” he says. From now on, while almost every government program will still rely on foreign funding, he says, “we will do all we can by ourselves.” Gone are the days when foreigners could expect to run their own development programs separately from the government, even manage them from the Kenyan capital, Nairobi. Mahiga says the new outlook draws directly from AMISOM, an African force that is, as the new continental mantra of self-sufficiency has it, solving an African problem and whose success has prompted a rethink of peacekeeping at the U.N. “It’s an attitudinal change,” says Mahiga. “It’s looking at this government and this country and recognizing there is now unmistakable ownership and leadership.”
Asked about Somalia in decades to come, Hassan describes a country others can learn from. “I see this very, very old history of conflict changing in the Horn of Africa,” he says. “I dream of a Somalia that is a contributor of ideas, an example to the rest of Africa and other parts of the world. Many Somalis became citizens of other countries. I see people demanding to become Somalis.” Somalia as a global model might sound unlikely. But then Hassan has already taught Somalia a lesson few ever imagined it would learn. That is, says Farah Abdikadir, now a presidential adviser, “the lesson of getting into the top seat without using guns or killing people.” | <urn:uuid:c3e03361-3413-4688-9ad0-8a224b4b7ebe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.alex-perry.com/saving-somalia-can-president-hassan-fix-the-worlds-most-failed-state/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.97162 | 3,075 | 1.742188 | 2 |
With economists widely in agreement about the efficiency and effectiveness of carbon pricing as a key tool to reduce emissions and the Supreme Court of Canada having ruled in favour of the constitutionality of the federal carbon tax, it’s time for Alberta to take a different approach than it has recently.
Instead of letting the federal government collect the carbon tax and decide what to do with the revenue, the provincial government should implement its own consumer carbon tax and keep the revenues in Alberta. The revenue could be used for any number of ways to support Albertans and invest in our competitiveness. For example, the provincial government could use it – or some portion of it – to reduce income taxes for all Albertans. By reducing income taxes (and raising the basic minimum amount) Alberta can let people who work here keep more of their wages and salaries.
In the process it can help attract skilled labour, give businesses another reason to relocate to the province, and make the province an even better place to earn a living – all without increasing what Albertans are already paying for carbon taxes. | <urn:uuid:13ed3417-4473-4a12-b714-a774bbed1a16> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thenext30.ca/idea/repatriate-the-carbon-tax/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.952229 | 213 | 2.703125 | 3 |
This book really opened my eyes. I was already vegan and well aware of the horrific abuse of animals in factory farms, but this book helped me really see and understand just how serious the situation is from a health perspective, animal abuse perspective, and environmental crisis perspective as well. Sarah Taylor cites important peer reviewed research to give you the information needed to understand WHY? & HOW? to go from Vegetarian to Vegan.
“I could never be vegan, I love cheese too much.”
Chances are if you’re a vegetarian, vegan or know anyone who is you’ve heard or even said this before. No doubt, you’ve thought it before. Cheese and other dairy products are everywhere in the American diet and that’s the way we love it. We add it to our eggs, our sandwiches, our cakes; we fry it, grill it, cream it, and even string it. It has embedded itself into our culture, become a staple of comfort in our diet and adopted the term “American”. But is it really good; not just for us, but for those that produce it?
Cheese is not the only dairy product we’re obsessed with, though it may be the only one with its own category of addiction (cheese addiction being an actual issue now), eggs and milk have become a mainstay of our diets as well.
Just learning about how horribly the animals are treated, abused, tortured and murdered should be reason enough to stop contributing to this madness, but Sarah gives compelling research showing how this animal agriculture business is literally destroying our environment at accelerated levels everyday. The demand for meat and dairy is just not sustainable.
After all the research she shares about why you should go vegan from vegetarian and then how, which is dealing with the health benefits and how to start replacing dairy and eggs with healthful vegan options, she ends the book with many great recipes by vegan chef Mark Reinfeld.
In the very beginning of her book Vegetarian to Vegan, Sarah Taylor makes a point of giving vegetarians credit for the ways their food choices help animals. And she should know, having been a vegetarian herself until 2002.
That’s when Sarah read John Robbins’ Diet for a New America. His groundbreaking indictment of how America’s milk and egg producers were torturing dairy animals and chickens while destroying the environment persuaded her to go vegan overnight.
She wrote Vegetarian to Vegan to give anyone wanting to make the same switch “a strong enough reason to do it.”
Without brow-beating the reader, Taylor specifically details the short, painful lives and cruel deaths of dairy cows and egg-laying chickens.
Of dairy cows, she writes that between 1950 and 2000, their numbers decreased by half — yet the amount of milk they produced more than tripled. The brutal facts?
Dairy cows live with no access to pasture.
They’re separated from their calves within two hours of giving birth.
They’re also milked by machine several times a day.
Having to yield such an excessive amount of milk is unsafe and unsanitary. Most dairy cows live lives of misery before heading to slaughter at just four years old.
Taylor’s description of egg farms reminded me of the endless stacks of crammed-full cages I’ve seen when visiting them. The hens on lower levels were covered in urine and feces. The smell was unbearable — and unforgettable.
But I’ve also seen so-called “cage-free” chickens living in terrible conditions, with dead hens littering their enclosure’s floor.
What’s worse, Taylor writes, is that egg-laying chickens often turn on each other:
“Cannibalism [among chickens] is a major problem in battery cage systems, but is even worse in free-range and cage-free systems as the hens have greater access to each other and are harder to control.”
In the book’s Part 1, Taylor also bolsters her argument for making the vegetarian-to-vegan switch by pointing out the health and environmental benefits that come from giving up dairy and eggs:
“The truth is that these products are terrible for your health, terrible for our environment, and in almost all cases, are unconscionably cruel to animals.”
In Part 2, she moves on to covering all the bases of making the change. This is where you’ll find info on:
• Learning to tell healthy from junk vegan foods.
• Getting enough protein, calcium and Vitamin B12 on a vegan diet.
• Eating out and entertaining vegan-style.
• Staying vegan away from home.
• Vegan substitutes for eggs, dairy foods and honey.
Part 3 is devoted to cooking vegan, with an extensive collection of recipes and tips by vegan chef Mark Reinfeld.
For any vegetarian struggling to give up dairy and eggs, this book is one of the most important that plant-based literature has to offer!
I highly recommend this book to anyone, wherever they are in their journey, whether meat eater, vegetarian or vegan. It’s thoroughly researched and filled with data that is undeniable in consideration of the impact we all have individually with our eating and spending choices.
To your health, peace to the planet and may all beings be happy and at peace. | <urn:uuid:422b5874-4c3c-4820-b69f-79092b5570c6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://sakshizion.com/?tag=animal-rights-2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.956935 | 1,123 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Reinhard Heydrich was one of Hitler's most ruthless Nazis and
second in importance only to Heinrich Himmler in the Nazi SS
organization and the principle planner of the Final Solution.
There was even talk of his one day succeeding Adolf Hitler.
January 20, 1942, at a villa owned by the SS on the shores of a suburban Berlin
lake called the Wannsee, mid-level bureaucrats from a number
of Nazi agencies assembled at the request of Reinhard Heydrich. Heydrich and his boss, Heinrich
Himmler were in the process of assuming leadership in the Final
Solution of the Jewish Question, i.e., the murder of Europe's
Jews by the Nazis.
This meeting was a part of that process, as bureaucratic
coordination would be required for the massive efforts to be
undertaken throughout Europe to kill the 11,000,000 Jews
described in the documents. The Nazis ultimately succeeded in
killing between five and six million of Europe's Jews, with
hundreds of thousands already dead by the time of this
In September of 1941, the ever-ambitious Heydrich had achieved favored
status with Hitler and was thus appointed Deputy Reich Protector of
Bohemia and Moravia in former Czechoslovakia and set up headquarters in
In 1942 Heydrich was assassinated in Prague,
and so the Czechs saved their nation, but thousands of innocent Czech
lives had been lost in executions. Nazi Germany destroyed an innocent
Czech village - Lidice - to avenge the assassination of Reinhard | <urn:uuid:4b515fbe-4045-4a6e-90f5-c89d2aa14acd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.shoah.dk/Henchmen/jpg_rheydrich.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00431-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957224 | 329 | 3.65625 | 4 |
2020 Payroll Calendar Nasa – When it comes to payroll, you should keep organized. It is vital that you steer clear of all difficulties or problems associated with your company’s payroll. You should create a great payroll template to your enterprise. A single that can be used to provide your staff the correct rewards in a timely manner.
Different payroll templates
Prior to making an Excel payroll template, you should know what template to create. You will find several types of templates you could make to your company. Whatever kind you select, it ought to enable you to manage your payroll method. The kinds of payroll we the following are just couple of instance, there are moe kind of payroll than we shown below.
- Daily payroll template
- Bi-weekly payroll style
- Weekly payroll template
- Monthly payroll layout
Recommendations for making payroll templates
Using a payroll worksheet template is really a handy method to standardize payroll procedures. Help make your own templates completely from scratch or download one in this article to save lots of your self a while.
You could possibly need to make a template to your payroll program. In this instance, think about the information to include.
If you’re only starting out, think about your payroll plans, specifically. You have to define all these policies and orient your employees on them. Do this in order that everybody in the organization is well-informed in terms of the payroll. Here are some tips for you personally:
Make certain all the details on your template is totally precise. Undergo it to view if you wish to alter anything in the event you obtain a template. Make alterations in order that the template will suit your own company needs. Just before utilizing it to successfully did not skip anything at all, verify the record.
Your payroll templates needs to be simple to use. Whether you or your employees use it, there should not be any challenges. Keep it uncomplicated but full so it’s not perplexing to anybody.
The template you will make ought to increase the effectiveness of your pay-roll program. It should not be a useless file which just contributes to your paper pathway. Make or select templates that can support your organization’s work-flow.
Lastly, make sure you can change the template. Regardless of whether you are making it or obtain it, you need to have an opportunity to modify it. You may must modify your template also if you can find any changes in your payroll guidelines.
Only you are able to decide if you need a basic or complex template. No matter what kind of template you use, this will be very beneficial for your company. | <urn:uuid:8350f40f-b148-47b6-9a2d-ddbaa484d487> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://payrollcalendars.com/2020-payroll-calendar-nasa/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.902833 | 537 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Thanks to the automatic sunset of stimulus funding, food stamp funding is set to shrink by $5 billion annually – but we’ll still be spending $75 billion annually on food stamps, enrollment in which has swelled in excess of 70% during President Obama’s administration.
Overall, some 47 million Americans are on food stamps. The average level of benefits now stands at approximately $133 per month. That means that households of 1 will lose $11 per month.
The House and Senate are currently fighting over the farm bill, which Democrats want to boost spending on food stamps – they want to spend $760 billion on food stamps over the next decades. Republicans would prefer to spend some $721 billion over the next ten years. The House would also prefer to see able-body childless adults work rather than living purely off of government assistance – benefits would increase based on working. The House also wants to match up federal benefits with state benefits so that people stop double dipping. The Democratic Senate doesn’t want to do any of that.
Ben Shapiro is Editor-At-Large of Breitbart News and author of the New York Times bestseller “Bullies: How the Left’s Culture of Fear and Intimidation Silences America” (Threshold Editions, January 8, 2013). He is also Editor-in-Chief of TruthRevolt.org. Follow Ben Shapiro on Twitter @benshapiro. | <urn:uuid:b74cd1c1-c29e-4875-a205-17b4c4b84f55> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2013/10/28/food-stamp-funding-set-to-drop/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718426.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00137-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964368 | 294 | 1.710938 | 2 |
When word of Pope Leo XIII's grave illness reached the United States in 1903, Cardinal James Gibbons booked passage on every steamship leaving for Rome, according to his biographers, lest he miss the opportunity to vote for the pope's successor.
The Baltimore archbishop had learned the lesson of John McCloskey, a New Yorker and the first American cardinal, who was halfway across the ocean in 1878 when he missed his only chance to take part in the event known as the papal conclave.
As he awaits his own ritualized sequestration inside the Sistine Chapel to elect the next pope, Cardinal William H. Keeler - the first Baltimore archbishop since Cardinal Gibbons eligible to vote in the conclave - faces no such obstacles of timing or geography.
What he does face, the 73-year-old cardinal said this weekend, is the same responsibility that has burdened the church's appointed leaders for centuries.
"I have given a lot of thought and prayer to it," Keeler said over the weekend, betraying more private thinking than normal for the reserved, soft-spoken archbishop. "But I see it as something in which we really depend on God's Holy Spirit to guide us as we take the next step."
Keeler and his aides said yesterday that he had not completed plans to travel to Rome for the funeral of Pope John Paul II and the subsequent election of his successor. He expects to celebrate Mass this morning at the Holy Rosary Parish, a Polish church in East Baltimore, and then attend an interfaith service late in the afternoon at the Cathedral of Mary Our Queen.
But even as he Keeler maintained his quiet public demeanor, colleagues and acquaintances said he is keenly focused on the task that many consider among the most honored and anticipated of any church leader's undertakings.
Cardinals all pledge secrecy where the conclave is concerned, and overt politicking is taboo, but networking among papal electors is common, and Keeler's work may well have built him a friendship with the man who will be the next bishop of Rome. Cardinals from throughout the world have called in Baltimore during the 10 years since his elevation to cardinal, and many more have met Baltimore's archbishop during his travels to the Vatican.
"We've had 263 changes of popes so far, and I'm confident it will work out now according to the needs and the challenges of the time," Keeler said. "Someone else will come along who will be able to lift up the Gospel message and touch hearts."
Keeler enjoyed close relations with Pope John Paul, who made him bishop of Harrisburg in 1984 and 10 years later elevated him to the College of Cardinals, making him the third cardinal in Baltimore's history.
That friendship undoubtedly helped make possible the pope's visit to Baltimore in 1995. Keeler was serving as president of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, a position requiring him to meet repeatedly with the pope while the trip was being planned. That presidency also established Keeler as a significant voice in Catholic issues nationally, and he still chairs the group's Committee on Pro-Life Activities.
"He heads the oldest diocese in the country, and by virtue of that he carries a certain status," Chester Gillis, chairman of Georgetown University's Department of Theology, said of Keeler. "He obviously has the confidence of Rome."
Keeler was born in San Antonio, raised in Pennsylvania and educated at seminaries in Philadelphia and Rome. Pope John XXIII appointed him special adviser to the Second Vatican Council from 1962 to 1965.
During meetings of the council in Rome, where Keeler was assigned to take notes, he met a Polish bishop named Karol Wojtyla, who was himself destined for higher office. "We all looked forward to him," Keeler said of the man who would become Pope John Paul II.
Wojtyla spoke Latin with clarity - and, more importantly for a note-taker, with brevity, Keeler said during a recent interview - and left such an impression that Keeler remembered telling fellow priests he thought Wojtyla would one day be pope.
"I wish I had a tape of it," Keeler said, smiling.
Keeler returned to the United States and quickly rose through the hierarchy - from priest to bishop to archbishop - and he established a reputation for ecumenical and interfaith work.
In 1987 he helped ease relations between the pope and Jewish leaders after the pope upset Jewish groups by meeting with then-Austrian President Kurt Waldheim, who had served in the German army during World War II. That same year, Keeler coordinated the pope's meeting with Jewish and Protestant leaders during a U.S. papal visit.
Rabbi David Saperstein, director of the Washington-based Religious Action Center of Reform Judaism, joined Keeler and other religious leaders in Washington this year to call on President Bush to seek peace between Israel and the Palestinians.
"He's mended many wounds that have gone back centuries," Saperstein said of Baltimore's cardinal. "He has wall-to-wall respect in the Jewish community."
Whereas Keeler has a low-key style publicly and a centrist reputation, there are other American cardinals with more clearly defined ideologies who are expected to take more of a lead in the conclave.
Cardinal Roger Mahony of Los Angeles is an outspoken advocate for decentralizing church polices, and Cardinal Francis George of Chicago is known internationally for his firm alignment with traditionalists. Cardinal Theodore McCarrick of Washington, D.C., is often regarded as the best known internationally among the 11 American cardinals, and the cleric who most tries to bridge the gap between American Catholics and the Vatican. | <urn:uuid:c76050c5-4aaa-4791-892f-b6a50f533a63> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/bal-te.keeler04apr04-story.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00280-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979376 | 1,193 | 1.6875 | 2 |
The Hunts Point produce market is opposed to a New York City Walmart, regardless of whether the supermarket giant sources its produce from Hunts Point. Market board member Joel Fierman said the invasion of Walmart would decimate local grocers and destroy the city, according to the Daily News.
“It’s not about the business they throw at us,” he said. “It’s about the damage they do. Walmart wouldn’t be a good fit for the city.”
City Council Speaker Christine Quinn has been working on a deal that would require Walmart to purchase produce for any New York City store at Hunts Point.
The supermarket has been eyeing a location in Brooklyn and has offered to buy 5 percent of its produce from the South Bronx market. Fierman called the offer “a pittance.”
Quinn has insisted she wants to protect the market, calling it “critical to … our local economy.” She said Walmart should find ways to mitigate “potential negative impacts.” [NYDN] | <urn:uuid:9c4ea468-46f3-4323-9cf9-c4344156f438> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://therealdeal.com/2011/06/24/hunts-point-market-still-opposed-to-wal-mart-despite-christine-quinn-deal/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00273-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959432 | 219 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Tributyl tetradecyl phosphonium chloride
Phosphonium, tributyltetradecyl-, chloride
Cationic surfactants-Quaternary phosphonium salts
Molecular Formula & Molecular Weight
Molecular Formula: C26H56ClP
Molecular Weight: 435.15
Appearance: white or off-white solid.
Solubility: soluble in water. soluble in ethanol.
Risk: irritation, irritation to skin, eye.
Ecology: may be hazardous to environment. Water body should be given special attention.
Characteristics: excellent antistatic, antibacterial, preservative, antirust, anticorrosive, dispersing, emulsifying abilities.
Quality standards & test methods
physical and chemical indexes
actives*, %, ≥
*: should be marked on molecular weight.
Widely use as bactericide, preservative. eg: water treatment, agriculture.
Antistatic agent in textiles, fibers, leather.
Use as flocculant.
Use as deodorant.
Use as phase transfer catalyst. | <urn:uuid:5a24fd07-be0d-4a16-9d85-bec6d2fe9666> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.saapedia.org/en/saa/?type=detail&id=3685 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00384-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.711583 | 235 | 1.929688 | 2 |
FME (Feature Manipulation Engine) from Safe Software (safe.com) is ETL (Extract Transform Load) software for GIS data. As a desktop application it is one of many proprietary GIS software options, although FME has a focus on data cleansing, transformation, and converting map data between formats, and is less about visualisation or editing. "FME server", and "FME cloud" products also exist, but the desktop software is the well-known flagship product. See also wikipedia:Feature Manipulation Engine
FME is proprietary paid-for software, but is available free for charities and non-profit use if you apply through the Non-Profit Research Grant Program.
As of 2009, FME supports OSM XML formatted data, allowing conversion to and from this and other GIS data storage formats. See the safe.com OpenStreetMap information "Whatever your needs with OpenStreetMap are, use FME to exchange data between its XML-based data model and hundreds of other formats and applications including: GIS, CAD, databases, spreadsheets and tabular formats, other web-based mapping platforms, and more".
|This article is a stub. You can help OpenStreetMap by expanding it.|
TODO: Add screenshot (also to the wikipedia article)
|This page could do with an image/photo/diagram to help illustrate the concept| | <urn:uuid:b8deda97-2a12-41a0-80f0-99ef6dcecbc5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/FME | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00200-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.887402 | 291 | 1.625 | 2 |
W hat does it mean to provide all people with barrier-free access to God and others? Often, when we think of providing barrier-free access to all, it’s based on those like us, those we are the most familiar with. We may think of the barriers that we have experienced. Yet outside of us is a whole world with different abilities, backgrounds, ages, experiences, education, and more. We might not notice all these barriers if they don’t impact us personally.
Breaking barriers in the Bible
Let’s take a look at a story in Matthew 3:1-3 that illustrates one way barriers can be removed:
In those days John the Baptist came to the Judean wilderness and began preaching. His message was, “Repent of your sins and turn to God, for the Kingdom of Heaven is near.” The prophet Isaiah was speaking about John when he said,
“He is a voice shouting in the wilderness,
‘Prepare the way for the Lord’s coming!
Clear the road for him!’”
John the Baptist, Jesus’s cousin, was anointed to be the voice in the wilderness, the messenger crying out to prepare the way of the Lord, as was prophesied in Malachi 3:1-4:
See, I am sending my messenger to prepare the way before me, and the Lord whom you seek will suddenly come to his temple. The messenger of the covenant in whom you delight—indeed, he is coming, says the Lord of hosts. But who can endure the day of his coming, and who can stand when he appears?
For he is like a refiner’s fire and like fullers’ soap; he will sit as a refiner and purifier of silver, and he will purify the descendants of Levi and refine them like gold and silver, until they present offerings to the Lord in righteousness. Then the offering of Judah and Jerusalem will be pleasing to the Lord as in the days of old and as in former years.
Jesus sets an example of having a trusted messenger remove barriers. John the Baptist’s ministry cleared the road for Jesus! John went about the countryside proclaiming that the Messiah was coming—opening doors and removing barriers for Jesus.
Because of John the Baptist, some people were already on the lookout for the Messiah and open to hearing Jesus’s message. Still, this didn’t mean it was easy for Jesus. Jesus was ridiculed, mocked, challenged, and eventually put to death because he was not what the religious leaders of the day expected in a Messiah.
Who has believed our message? To whom has the Lord revealed his powerful arm?
My servant grew up in the Lord’s presence like a tender green shoot, like a root in dry ground.
There was nothing beautiful or majestic about his appearance, nothing to attract us to him.
He was despised and rejected— a man of sorrows, acquainted with deepest grief. We turned our backs on him and looked the other way. He was despised, and we did not care. –Isaiah 53:1-3
Jesus himself knew the pain of a barrier keeping people from God. He set an example for us and removed all barriers so that everyone could come to God. The temple veil was torn upon his death on the cross, symbolizing that there should no longer be a barrier between God and God’s people (Matthew 27:51; Mark 15:38; Luke 23:45).
Throughout the Scriptures, we read of the obstacles that people put in front of Jesus so others would keep from following him. In turn, Jesus set out to remove all obstacles so all people to come to him.
Luke 8:40-55 offers a powerful example of how Jesus removed barriers in his earthly ministry:
On the other side of the lake the crowds welcomed Jesus, because they had been waiting for him. Then a man named Jairus, a leader of the local synagogue, came and fell at Jesus’ feet, pleading with him to come home with him. His only daughter, who was about twelve years old, was dying.
As Jesus went with him, he was surrounded by the crowds. A woman in the crowd had suffered for twelve years with constant bleeding, and she could find no cure. Coming up behind Jesus, she touched the fringe of his robe. Immediately, the bleeding stopped.
“Who touched me?” Jesus asked.
Everyone denied it, and Peter said, “Master, this whole crowd is pressing up against you.”
But Jesus said, “Someone deliberately touched me, for I felt healing power go out from me.” When the woman realized that she could not stay hidden, she began to tremble and fell to her knees in front of him. The whole crowd heard her explain why she had touched him and that she had been immediately healed. “Daughter,” he said to her, “your faith has made you well. Go in peace.”
While he was still speaking to her, a messenger arrived from the home of Jairus, the leader of the synagogue. He told him, “Your daughter is dead. There’s no use troubling the Teacher now.”
But when Jesus heard what had happened, he said to Jairus, “Don’t be afraid. Just have faith, and she will be healed.”
When they arrived at the house, Jesus wouldn’t let anyone go in with him except Peter, John, James, and the little girl’s father and mother. The house was filled with people weeping and wailing, but he said, “Stop the weeping! She isn’t dead; she’s only asleep.”
But the crowd laughed at him because they all knew she had died. Then Jesus took her by the hand and said in a loud voice, “My child, get up!” And at that moment her life returned, and she immediately stood up! Then Jesus told them to give her something to eat.
Here we have two stories of outsiders who were given access to Jesus Christ. Jesus took the time to meet them (daughter, your faith has made you well), comfort them (don’t be afraid, Jairus), and break down barriers that stood in their way. It was their faith, not their ability, social standing, or any success on their part that made them well. It was simply access to Jesus. This is a free gift we have with our God. Nothing can stand in the way of this gift.
Romans 6:23 tells us that the free gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.
Now we get the opportunity to do the same for others. How can we make sure that all people have access to God, access to use their gifts and talents, and access to God’s community?
This requires us to look outside our own abilities and comfort and to consider the needs of those around us.
How we can break barriers and expand access
It can be difficult to know the needs of others if we are only around people like us. Jesus called all sorts of people to him. So let’s ask, “Who can we invite to join us? Who can we join?” Jesus was intentional of going to the woman at the well, walking to the leader of the Samaritans, and turning to see who had touched him.
Where in our lives can we be intentional about breaking down barriers? Can we go to people’s homes, invite them to our homes, and open our churches with full access to all who come?
Take some time and consider who is in your community who might not have access to everything. Here are a few ideas for inclusivity.
Do you have anyone in your community who has low vision or is blind? Consider how you can make materials like church bulletins available in a format that they can access. For example, you could print the bulletin in braille for someone who is fully blind. People who have low vision may benefit from large print options.
Are there people who need assistance to hear in your community? Explore assisted listening devices. Do your drums need a box around them in order to help prevent conflict with hearing aids or people with sensitive hearing? Loud, deep sounds can literally hurt when heard.
Language differences can be a significant barrier as well. Are there people in your community who speak a language other than your church’s primary language? For example, if some people in your midst speak Spanish as their primary language, consider enlisting a Spanish translator. (Don’t rely on Google Translate for an accurate translation. It can get things wrong!)
Can you offer a dual-language service? Elders might speak Spanish in some churches while the younger people primarily speak English. I once spoke at a Spanish church where they had English translation so all could understand. Consider the options in your community.
Casa Cristiana in Warwick, New York, and Iglesia Nueva Esperanza in Mesa, Arizona, are two examples of bilingual congregations who offer simultaneous translation in order to create a sense of connectedness, and so that all generations can feel they belong. Think of this type of opportunity as “both/and” instead of “either/or.”
These are just a few suggestions for how you can remove barriers for all. Once you start to think about what barriers might exist, you realize that the list of potential barriers can be long. There are generational barriers, ability barriers, cultural barriers, and more. Try not to let it overwhelm you. Instead, ask the Holy Spirit to guide you and your setting. Ask, “What’s next for us? What can we do to make it easier for someone in our midst to access community with God and others?”
- Have you ever felt a barrier between you and God?
- Have you ever felt a barrier from engaging fully in your community or family? If so, explain the time.
- Where can you bring multi generational relationships into your lives? Describe what a multi generational organization would look like.
- Does your church have youth, family, and senior ministries? Can you volunteer at an elementary school or a senior center? Consider volunteering at a local library where you will meet all types and ages of people. Consider taking someone to coffee who is from a different generation than you.
- In your church, do people often found on the margins of social engagement or interaction have access to everything they might need or want? If not, what can you do to retrofit or assist in getting access to all areas? Make friends with people often found on the margins of social engagement or interaction; invite them to your home and get to know them.
- Read and meditate on Luke 8:40-55. What barriers do you see Jesus breaking? Go to your favorite commentary and see what is said regarding cultural barriers of the day.
- Write out a prayer asking God to show you where you can open doors, break down barriers, and be a conduit for access to God’s community. | <urn:uuid:e029d54d-af4f-44b0-800a-7a62dbe369a4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.faithward.org/how-to-offer-everyone-access-to-gods-community/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.974526 | 2,329 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Many problems in Operations Research and the Management Sciences are concerned with the allocation of scarce resources. In a networked economy, such problems typically involve multiple decision makers. Economic mechanisms such as auctions and matching markets are being used to solve distributed resource allocation problems, and their design has been strongly influenced by techniques from Operations Research and the Management Sciences. Market design
considers properties of alternative mechanisms such as allocative efficiency, stability, fairness, strategic and computational complexity. It brings together theoretical, empirical, and experimental methods, with an aim of studying relevant tradeoffs for policy makers and managers. Applications include procurement auctions, spectrum auctions, kidney exchanges, labour markets, or digital advertising markets.
The AMD section regularly organizes
- a cluster at the INFORMS Annual Meeting, and
- a workshop at the ACM Conference on Economics and Computation (see events page)
In addition, we sponsor special issues in journals and a department on Algorithms, Computation, and Economics at Naval Research Logistics | <urn:uuid:d6379d15-3714-4020-928d-c126cc9c57c2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://connect.informs.org/auctionsandmarketdesign/about-us/aboutamd | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.93048 | 204 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Ken Ham’s Ark Encounter Runs Aground on Kentucky Anti-Discrimination Laws
Posted by mattusmaximus on October 29, 2014
As I have documented many times before, uber-creationist Ken Ham has been trying to get a new attraction built named Ark Encounter (which is Ham’s version of the mythical Noah’s Ark) that would boost lagging attendance at his Creation Museum. And he’s been trying to get the state of Kentucky to fund this misadventure with public dollars and tax breaks, with varying degrees of success; though, sadly, up until this point the KY officials have appeared all-too-willing to accommodate Ham. If you want to read the full background on this slow-motion train wreck – and the various scientific and church-state issues it raises – feel free to read here, here, and here.
What I want to focus upon in this latest post is a new and highly troublesome wrinkle in Ham’s plans to pull the wool over the eyes of Kentucky public officials. It seems that Ham billed Ark Encounter as a for-profit venture while also simultaneously seeking tax breaks and other goodies from the public trough; however, because Ark Encounter is under the auspices of Ham’s Answers In Genesis creationist organization, he appears to want to force any potential Ark Encounter employees to sign on to the Answers In Genesis “Statement of Faith”.
According to this New Civil Rights Movement article, this statement would require of Ark Encounter employees:
Indeed, as The New Civil Rights Movement reported, Daniel Phelps, the president of the Kentucky Paleontological Society and vice president of Kentuckians for Science Education wrote an op-ed in which he details the issue. “On the day the tax incentives were recommended, the Answers in Genesis website had a help-wanted advertisement,” Phelps explained.
The job description included this statement: “Our work at Ark Encounter is not just a job, it is also a ministry. Our employees work together as a team to serve each other to produce the best solutions for our design requirements. Our purpose through the Ark Encounter is to serve and glorify the Lord with our God-given talents with the goal of edifying believers and evangelizing the lost.”
Ham claims that the Ark museum will be run separately and differently from the Creation Museum.
But job postings at Answers in Genesis include this statement: “All job applicants for the non-profit ministry of AiG/Creation Museum need to supply a written statement of their testimony, a statement of what they believe regarding creation, and a statement that they have read and can support the AiG Statement of Faith.”
The AiG Statement of Faith claims “it is imperative that all persons employed by the ministry in any capacity, or who serve as volunteers, should abide by and agree to our Statement of Faith, to include the statement on marriage and sexuality, and conduct themselves accordingly.”
It also requires all employees to believe and support “the proclamation of the gospel of Jesus Christ as Sovereign, Creator, Redeemer, and Judge,” and the “66 books of the Bible are the written Word of God. The Bible is divinely inspired and inerrant throughout. Its assertions are factually true in all the original autographs. It is the supreme authority in everything it teaches. Its authority is not limited to spiritual, religious, or redemptive themes but includes its assertions in such fields as history and science.”
And that’s just for starters.
Whoops – that’s a real legal no-no. It’s so much of a legal no-no that now, finally, those public officials in Kentucky who have been so willing, up to this point, to give a wink and a nod to Ken Ham and his creationist nonsense can no longer turn a blind eye to his shenanigans. This Courier-Journal article outlines some details:
“The Commonwealth doesn’t believe that Ark Encounter, LLC will be complying with state and Federal law in its hiring practices,” Bob Stewart, secretary of the Kentucky Tourism, Arts and Heritage Cabinet, said in an Aug. 27 letter to an Ark Encounter attorney.
Stewart wrote that “serious concerns” were raised by a job posting for an Ark Encounter position that required applicants to provide salvation testimony, a creation belief statement, and agreement with the “Statement of Faith” of Ark Encounter’s parent organization, Answers in Genesis.
“Therefore, we are not prepared to move forward with consideration of the application for final approval without the assurance of Ark Encounter, LLC that it will not discriminate in any way on the basis of religion in hiring,” Stewart wrote.
James Parsons, a Covington attorney representing Ark Encounter, responded to Stewart saying that the job posting that triggered Stewart’s concern was not for Ark Encounter, but Answers in Genesis.
Parsons wrote that Ark Encounter stands by its longstanding commitment to “comply with all applicable federal and state laws” on hiring and said that Stewart was adding a new requirement to Ark Encounter’s application for tax incentives.
Not so, Stewart replied Sept. 4. “The Commonwealth does not provide incentives to any company that discriminates on the basis of religion and we will not make any exception for Ark Encounter, LLC…” Stewart wrote. “The Commonwealth must have the express written assurance from Ark Encounter, LLC that it will not discriminate in any way on the basis of religion in hiring.”
That last communication between KY officials and Ken Ham’s organization took place almost two months ago, and since that time there has been no written assurance from Ark Encounter that it won’t discriminate in hiring on the basis of religious beliefs. Now why would that be? Well, the Americans United for the Separation of Church and State have an idea, and I think it’s a pretty good one, as to why Ken Ham has suddenly gone quiet on the question:
Alex Luchenitser, associate legal director for Americans United, said in a phone interview, “We’re pleased with this development. It sounds like the state of Kentucky has a policy of not providing tax incentives to organizations that discriminate and that the state is sticking to its guns in this.”
Luchenitser said he believes there is a reason that Ark Encounter does not want to provide an express assurance it will not discriminate based on religion in its hiring practices yet insists it will comply with all federal and state hiring laws.
“I think what’s going on here is that Ark Encounter’s position is that federal and state law allows them to discriminate in hiring based on religion — that they are entitled to an exemption from the federal and state anti-discrimination statutes that is afforded certain religious organizations. We think they’re wrong on that,” Luchenitser said. “… And we believe Ark Encounter is not entitled to that exception because it is a for-profit organization.”
In other words, it seems that Ken Ham wants to have his cake and eat it, too. He wants to be able to make money off of Ark Encounter, thus labeling it “for-profit”, yet he also wants to use it explicitly as a way of spreading his fundamentalist religious beliefs, even to the point of forcing those beliefs on potential employees. Of course, none of this surprises me, because once you understand that true-believers like Ham really do think they have God on their side, then any kind of behavior, no matter how underhanded or hypocritical, is acceptable in their quest to “save souls”. | <urn:uuid:c9882e10-9c66-46cd-9bcd-d0d3953509e4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://skepticalteacher.wordpress.com/2014/10/29/ken-hams-ark-encounter-runs-aground-on-kentucky-anti-discrimination-laws/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00315-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961405 | 1,593 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Guest Editor: T. Wirth
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1508–1528. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.14.128
Received 20 Feb 2018, Accepted 25 May 2018, Published 21 Jun 2018
Most of the polyvalent organoiodine compounds derive from iodoarenes, which are released in stoichiometric amounts in any reaction mediated by λ3- or λ5-iodanes. In parallel to the development of solid-supported reagents or reactions catalytic in iodine, a third strategy has emerged to address this issue in terms of sustainability. The atom-economy of transformations involving stoichiometric amounts of λ3- or λ5-iodanes, thus, has been improved by designing tandem reactions that allows for incorporating the aryl motif into the products through a subsequent one-pot nucleophilic addition or catalytic coupling reaction. This review summarizes the main achievements reported in this area.
Keywords: atom-economy; couplings; hypervalent iodine; oxidation; tandem reactions
Synthetic applications of the hypervalent iodine chemistry have grown exponentially in the last four decades as highlighted by several books and comprehensive reviews dedicated to this topic [1-13]. A still growing number of λ3- and λ5-iodanes are now available as non-toxic and environmentally benign reagents that allow for performing a wide range of transformations under mild conditions. The oxidation of functional groups, halogenations, C–C, C–O, or C–N couplings, dearomatization of phenols, rearrangements, to name but a few, have been reported using these compounds thereby reflecting their versatility.
A survey of the general structure of polyvalent organoiodine compounds reveals that they are prepared mostly from iodoarene starting materials. Accordingly, any transformation relying on stoichiometric amounts of these reagents will inevitably produce the same quantity of iodoarene derivatives, which can be considered as a waste in the context of sustainable chemistry. Various strategies, thus, have been described to address this issue. A first solution has arisen from the development of polystyrene-supported reagents, which allows their recycling following simple filtration and re-oxidation (reaction 1 in Scheme 1a) [14,15]. More recently, the design of processes catalytic in iodine compounds has been extensively investigated and significant achievements have been reported making iodine compounds now useful organocatalysts in asymmetric synthesis (reaction 2 in Scheme 1a) [15-24].
In parallel to these investigations, a third strategy has been envisaged with the development of tandem reactions involving a step that enables the introduction of the iodoarene side-compound into the products. Various sequences combining oxidation reactions, nucleophilic additions, or aromatic couplings, thus, have been reported (Scheme 1b). In addition to address the issue of sustainability, this complementary solution has provided opportunities to explore a new chemical space. This review aims to highlight the main achievements reported in this context since the first study described in 1995 on the palladium-catalyzed cross couplings of symmetrical diphenyl-λ3-iodanes with sodium tetraphenylborate .
λ5-Iodanes such as the Dess–Martin periodinane or IBX , and λ3-iodanes such as benziodoxolones , are versatile reagents in organic synthesis. These are often used, respectively, for the oxidation of alcohols or carbonyl compounds, and in atom-transfer reactions. These transformations always lead to the release of 2-iodobenzoic acid in the reaction mixture. Thus, with the aim to value this side product, a variety of tandem reactions including an oxidation and an addition step have been designed to incorporate the nucleophilic acid into the final product.
One of the first studies documenting the use of the iodoarene moiety as a building block in synthesis has been reported in 2004. The λ5-iodane reagent IBX has been shown to promote the α-functionalization of ketones following the introduction of the 2-iodobenzoic acid motif (Scheme 2a) .
Mono- and disubstituted products 1 and 2 are obtained respectively from aliphatic ketones and methyl aryl ketones. The reaction conditions have then been extended to the functionalization of alkenes to afford 1,2-halo-oxygenated compounds 3 (Scheme 2b) . This transformation has recently been used for the stereoselective trans iodo-benzoylation of glycals using a combination of IBX and molecular iodine, that is considered as a source of I+ formed from the in situ generated hypoiodite species .
The controlled oxidation of various N-(alkyl)- and N-(aryl)pyrroles with Dess–Martin periodinane also leads to introduction of the iodobenzoic acid motif onto the pyrrole ring. 5-Aroyloxy-γ-lactams 4 can be isolated with yields in the 56–96% range, however, the reaction requires 2.5 equivalents of the λ5-iodane reagent, a result that supports its limited efficiency in terms of atom economy (Scheme 3) .
The ability to introduce the 2-iodobenzoic acid motif released from benziodoxolones has first been noticed by Ochiai in an isolated example of radical benzoyloxylation of THF , and by Gouverneur in the study of trifluoromethylation of allylsilanes . The use of this acid as an oxygen nucleophile, then, has been more fully investigated by the groups of Szabó and Sodeoka who have simultaneously described the copper-catalyzed benzoyloxy-trifluoromethylation of alkenes and alkynes using Togni’s reagent 5.
The group of Szabó has first reported the use of copper(I) iodide as a catalyst for the regioselective difunctionalization of aromatic alkynes and alkenes with an optimal atom-economy (Scheme 4a) [34,35]. The transformation proceeds efficiently, particularly in the presence of an electron-donating substituent on the aromatic ring. The same reaction has been later found to be mediated by copper(I) cyanide starting from p-methoxystyrene . However, under these conditions, other styrene derivatives bearing a phenyl, a tert-butyl, or an electron-withdrawing substituent have been shown to afford products resulting from a cyanotrifluoromethylation reaction.
The mechanistic study of the oxy-trifluoromethylation of phenylacetylene has then led to demonstrate that the reaction is accelerated in the presence of additives such as B2pin2 . A mechanism involving an initial step of transmetallation of B2pin2 with the Cu(I) catalyst was proposed (Scheme 4b). The intermediate Cu–Bpin, then, could undergo an oxidative addition into the CF3–I bond to give 8 that, after a CF3 radical transfer, would afford the radicals 9 and 10. Radical recombination followed by reductive elimination would finally lead to the E-product and regenerate the Cu–Bpin complex.
The group of Sodeoka, in parallel, has described the same 1,2-difunctionalization reaction of alkenes and alkynes with 5 in the presence of [Cu(MeCN)4]PF6 as the catalyst (Scheme 5a) . It should be pointed out that this copper(I) complex was previously described by Szabó as a poor catalyst in his process. The reaction applies to phenylacetylenes and various types of aromatic alkenes, however, its scope has been extended to dienes and disubstituted styrenes by using the less Lewis acidic CuI complex (Scheme 5b) . Interestingly, cis and trans β-methyl-styrenes lead to product 14 with the same syn:anti ratio while 1,4-addition products containing an (E)-olefin are selectively obtained from dienes. The authors have also shown that the reaction performed in the presence of a stoichiometric amount of p-TsOH gives β-trifluoromethylstyrene derivatives instead of the expected oxy-trifluoromethyl compound.
The benzoyloxy-trifluoromethylation of dienes has also been reported with CuCN as the catalyst. The reaction, again, is selective with respect to the olefin geometry – (E)-alkenes are exclusively obtained – and the regioselectivity – products resulting from a sterically-controlled 1,4-anti-addition are selectively isolated (Scheme 6) . The proposed radical mechanism, which takes into account the beneficial effect of the bulky monophosphine P(t-Bu)3 on the reaction rate, is consistent with that reported by Szabó (Scheme 4b).
The scope of the copper-catalyzed benzoyloxy-trifluoromethylation has been extended to several other substrates. Starting from N-(aryl)- and N-(benzyl)allylamines 16, the reaction affords β-benzoyloxy-β’-trifluoromethylamines 17 through the formation of an aziridine intermediate (Scheme 7) . The latter was further utilized to give access to a variety of β-trifluoromethylamines after reaction with several O-, N-, S-, and C-nucleophiles.
Application of the same reaction conditions to enynes 18 has led to the discovery of an elegant cascade that gives access to a wide range of trifluoromethylated five-membered carbo- and heterocycles 19 (Scheme 8) . Six-membered heterocycles can also be obtained in good yields. The reaction is believed to involve either a tertiary radical intermediate or a carbocationic species, both being able to undergo a 5-exo-dig type cyclization to afford compounds 19.
The copper-catalyzed benzoyloxy-trifluoromethylation has also been applied to the conversion of allenes 20. A regioselective 1,2-addition on the internal π-bond was observed to afford the products 21, because of the presence of a heteroatom substituent that can stabilize the radical or cationic intermediate by coordination with the copper complex (Scheme 9) . However, the efficiency of the reaction is limited by the need to use 2 equivalents of allenes 20 to obtain good yields.
Ethynylbenziodoxolone (EBX) is a powerful reagent to perform the electrophilic alkynylation of various functional groups such as carbonyl derivatives, thiols, arenes and heteroarenes [43,44]. A first solution to value the 2-iodobenzoic moiety released from EBX has arisen from the reaction of derivatives 22 with N-(aryl)imines 23 in the presence of 10 mol % of Pd(OAc)2, which gives access to tri- or tetrasubstituted furans 24 and N-(aryl)formamides 25 (Scheme 10a) . The scope of the overall transformation is wide both in terms of imines and EBX reagents.
Several isotope-labelling experiments have allowed for proposing a mechanism for this complex transformation (Scheme 10b). The latter would first involve the addition of a Pd(II)-2-iodobenzoate species to the triple bond of 22 to give the intermediate 26, followed by the reductive elimination of the trivalent iodine motif to afford the palladium-vinylidene 27. This would undergo a nucleophilic addition of the imine and a subsequent proto-demetallation to give enamine 29. A series of rearrangements including the cleavage of the triple bond and the fragmentation of the carboxylate unit, would finally lead to the furans 24 and the formamide 25.
The group of Waser has discovered an atom-economical multi-component process between alkynylbenziodoxolones 22 and diazo compounds, which is catalyzed by the copper(I) complex [Cu(MeCN)4]BF4. The reaction gives access to versatile building blocks while generating only N2 as side-product (Scheme 11a) . Worth of mention is the use of a 1,2-diimine ligand 34 that is crucial to obtain good conversions.
Compounds 31 resulting from the gem-addition of the benzoate motif and the alkynyl group are obtained from various acceptor or donor–acceptor diazo compounds 30, while the use of vinyldiazo derivatives 32 leads to enynes 33 arising from the vinylogous addition of the carboxylate. Significantly, the benzoyloxy-alkynylation reaction can be applied to the late-stage modification of complex products such as steroids. On the other hand, both the alkyne and the iodoarene moiety can be modified through post-transformation reactions thereby increasing the molecular diversity accessible with this process. The mechanism of the reaction (Scheme 11b) would first involve the formation of the copper-carbene species 35, to which the carboxylate of alkynylbenziodoxolone could add to afford the intermediate 36. Final alkynyl transfer would give rise to the products 31 and 33, however, the nature of this alkynylation step remains to be elucidated.
In a subsequent study, the same group has demonstrated the ability to perform the reaction with TIPS-EBX 37 in an enantioselective manner using the cyclopropylbisoxazoline ligand 38 (Scheme 12) . Starting from various acceptor diazo compounds, the gem-addition of the carboxylate and the alkyne proceeds with ees of up to 98% to afford α-benzoyloxy propargylic derivatives 39. Again the strategy can be applied to the late-stage modification of steroids with high levels of diastereoselectivity.
In a similar manner to the previously described catalytic benzoyloxy-trifluoromethylation using Togni’s reagent 5 (Scheme 4 and Scheme 5), the 1,2-benzoyloxy-azidation of alkenes can be performed in the presence of a copper catalyst with the azidobenziodoxolone ABX 40. The reaction takes place in dichloromethane using the copper(II) complex Cu(OTf)2 as the catalyst thereby leading to the expected products 41 with yields in the 26–75% range (Scheme 13) . Interestingly, an alkene diazidation reaction is observed by simply performing the transformation in DMSO and replacing Cu(OTf)2 by CuI as the catalyst.
Enamides 42 are also relevant substrates for the 1,2-benzoyloxy-azidation reaction. Based on a preliminary observation made during their study on catalytic trifluoromethylation of enamides , the group of Gillaizeau has reported the catalytic conversion of enamides with various ABX derivatives 44 . A screening of various metal complexes has led the authors to demonstrate the superior ability of cheap FeCl2 to mediate the 1,2-addition thereby allowing the formation of the trans-products 43 with complete regio- and diastereocontrol (Scheme 14).
The group of Hamashima has reported that various 1,2-difunctionalizations of alkenes can occur with chlorobenziodoxolone 45 . Oxychlorinated, dichlorinated, azidochlorinated and chlorothiocyanated products can thus be isolated mostly from styrenyl substrates. However, the treatment of 45 with tetra-butylammonium iodide followed by the addition of an alkene leads to the formation of products 46 resulting from a 1,2-benzoyloxyiodination and isolated with moderate to excellent yields (Scheme 15). The reaction is believed to take place through the formation of a hypoiodous species that activates the olefin via an iodonium intermediate.
Diaryliodonium compounds, also named diaryl-λ3-iodanes, are stable, easy-to-handle crystalline solids, which have found numerous applications as arylating agents since their first use in the α-phenylation of 1,3-diones reported in the 60s [52-54]. Because of the hypernucleofuge nature of the Ar–I moiety in λ3-iodanes, their reactivity is higher than that of the corresponding aryl halides, a property that has been widely exploited to develop efficient transition-metal-catalyzed cross coupling reactions . The latter, however, allow for transferring only one of the two aromatic motifs of the iodonium reagents. Several elegant catalytic domino reactions, accordingly, have been recently designed to incorporate both aryl groups into the products.
Cyclic diaryl-λ3-iodanes have been extensively studied for the preparation of complex polycyclic structures following the application of catalytic domino reactions. The group of Hayashi has reported in 2004 the first example of the transformation of a cyclic diaryl-λ3-iodane, for which both Ar–I bonds are used in a palladium cross-coupling reaction . It relies on a double Heck reaction performed with methyl vinyl ketone in the presence of Pd(OAc)2 in THF, and affords the dibenzoalkylidenefluorene 47 in an excellent 88% yield (Scheme 16).
Ten years later, Huang, Wen and co-workers have demonstrated that, in the presence of both a terminal alkyne and a boronic acid, various cyclic diaryl-λ3-iodanes undergo a transition-metal catalyzed cascade reaction to afford alkylidenefluorenes 49 (Scheme 17) . In terms of mechanism, a Pd(0)/Cu(I)-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reaction from the iodonium salt 48 delivers a 2-alkynyl-2’-iodoarene 50 that, then, cyclizes to 51 via insertion of the Pd(0) species into the iodoarene moiety and migratory addition into the proximal alkyne. Transmetalation of the vinylpalladium with the boronic acid and reductive elimination finally leads to alkylidenefluorenes 49. This multicomponent strategy allows the variation of the alkyne, the boronic acid and the diaryliodonium salts, but the use of non-symmetrical diaryl-λ3-iodanes raises the issue of regioselectivity.
This strategy has been then extended to the preparation of alkyne-substituted alkylidenefluorenes 53 by replacing the arylboronic acid with a second equivalent of the terminal alkyne and performing the reaction at 35 °C (Scheme 18) .
Importantly, the reaction with non-symmetrical diaryl-λ3-iodanes gives the corresponding products with high regioselectivities, when an o-methyl substituent is present on one aromatic ring. The reaction can also be performed sequentially with the isolation of the iodoaryl intermediate, which can be resubmitted to the cyclization conditions in the presence of a different terminal alkyne, or an activated alkene.
The same authors have then showed that the reaction of cyclic diaryl-λ3-iodanes in the presence of internal alkynes and the catalytic system Pd(OAc)2-PCy3 affords functionalized phenanthrenes 54 in moderate to good yields (Scheme 19) .
Indoles also are relevant substrates for the tandem arylation with cyclic diaryl-λ3-iodanes, allowing the preparation of dibenzocarbazoles 55 in moderate yields (Scheme 20) . The reaction is catalyzed simply by Pd(OAc)2 in the absence of any ligands, and tolerates a variety of substituents on both the indole and the iodonium salt. However, the atom-economy of the reaction is limited by the need to use the iodonium salts in slight excess (1.5 equivalents).
Another multicomponent reaction has been designed for the preparation of triazolophenanthridines 56 that are obtained in a one-pot manner by combination of a cyclic diaryl-λ3-iodane with sodium azide and a terminal alkyne, in the presence of 10 mol % of CuI (Scheme 21) . The expected triazolophenanthridines were generally isolated in good to excellent yields, but the presence of strong electron-donating or withdrawing groups on the phenylacetylene moiety proved to be detrimental to the conversion. In addition, mixtures of regioisomeric products are generally obtained starting from non-symmetrical diaryl-λ3-iodanes. A series of reactions has been performed to gain insight into the mechanism that first involves the formation of a 2’-iodobiphenyl-2-azide promoted by the copper complex. The latter then catalyzes an intermolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition with the alkyne. Finally, the copper-triazole moiety inserts intramolecularly into the second Ar–I bond, allowing a ring closure after reductive elimination.
Starting from the ortho-N-(acyl)diaryl-λ3-iodanes 57, a combination of copper and palladium catalysis, in the presence of a phosphine ligand, induces the internal O-arylation of the proximal amide moiety, followed by a subsequent metal-catalyzed coupling-reaction with the resulting Ar–I motif (Scheme 22) . Hence aryl- and alkyl-substituted terminal alkynes can be coupled via a Sonogashira reaction when PPh3 is used as ligand, while the use of diphenylphosphinoferrocenyl ligand (dppf) allows the Heck-type coupling of acrylates, vinyl ketones and electron-poor styrene derivatives. This relayed strategy can therefore be applied to non-symmetrical cyclic diaryliodonium species, thereby affording a library of functionalized benzoxazoles 58 with complete regiocontrol.
The group of Zhang has developed a one-pot procedure for the sequential difunctionalization of cyclic diaryl-λ3-iodanes (Scheme 23) . The first step relies on the copper-catalyzed coupling between an anthranilic acid derivative and the biphenyl moiety. The resulting iodoarene product is then submitted to a Sonogashira coupling reaction, allowing the one-pot preparation of a library of biphenyl products 59 in moderate to good yields. Nevertheless, a two-fold excess of the iodonium triflate is needed to secure a good conversion, a point that limits again the atom-economy of the overall process.
Similarly, the group of Liu has described the double Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction of cyclic diaryl-λ3-iodanes with various aryl- and heteroarylboronic acids for the formation of o-tetraaryls 60 (Scheme 24) . The reaction generally requires only 1 mol % of Pd(dba)2 to afford the expected products in good to high yields. It is worth mentioning that a comparative test starting from a 2,2’-diiodobiaryl has led to a much lower yield when compared to that obtained from the corresponding diaryl-λ3-iodane.
In 2011, the group of Detert has reported the first example of a palladium-catalyzed double C–N bond formation starting from the cyclic (phenyl)(pyrido)-λ3-iodane 61 (Scheme 25) . The reaction requires the use of 4 mol % of Pd2(dba)3, 12 mol % of Xantphos, 2.8 equivalents of Cs2CO3 and 1.2 equivalents of benzylamine to afford the corresponding δ-carboline in a 65% yield.
Two years later, the group of Nachtsheim has designed a similar strategy for the preparation of N-(aryl)carbazoles 61 from cyclic diaryl-λ3-iodanes (Scheme 26) . The palladium phosphine ligand plays a crucial role as a bidentate ligand with a bite angle greater than 100° such as DPEphos (104°) or Xantphos (108°) significantly improves the yields. The reaction applies to a series of anilines and aliphatic amines, but electron-poor anilines afford better results than their electron-rich congeners, while a hindered amine (t-BuNH2) completely inhibits the reaction.
Shortly after, a similar synthesis of carbazoles involving Cu(OAc)2 as the catalyst in the presence of ethylene glycol both as a ligand and the co-solvent has been reported (Scheme 27) . A variety of amines such as anilines, sulfonamides and aliphatic amines has been utilized though in large excess. But in contrast to the previous method, electron-rich anilines proved to be better candidates for this reaction than the electron-poor analogs.
The group of Jiang has very recently described a complementary method for the synthesis of carbazoles by combining cyclic diaryl-λ3-iodanes with sodium azide in the presence of copper(I) thiophene-2-carboxylate (CuTc) and triphenylphosphine. The reaction affords the expected of N–H free derivatives 63 in moderate to high yields, irrespective of the nature of the substituents (Scheme 28) . The scope of the reaction has been extended to 6-membered ring cyclic diaryl-λ3-iodanes 64. The acridines 65, hence, have been obtained with similar yields.
The group of Shimizu has reported the formation of dibenzothiophenes 66 following the reaction of cyclic diaryl-λ3-iodanes with potassium thioacetate as the sulfur donor, and CuCl2 as the catalyst (Scheme 29) . The reaction can be performed either in THF or DMSO, affording both symmetrical and non-symmetrical products in good to excellent yields.
The scope of the reaction has been extended by using a combination of 10 mol % of Cu(OTf)2, 12 mol % of 1,10-phenanthroline, and 2 equivalents of potassium phosphate, as reported by the group of Jiang (Scheme 30) . Six- to eight-membered sulfur heterocycles 67 can thus be isolated from cyclic diaryl-λ3-iodanes. More significantly, the reaction can be applied to acyclic diaryl-λ3-iodanes (vide infra).
A similar approach involving the N-benzyldithiocarbamate-triethylamine salt as the sulfur source and copper sulfate as the catalyst also provides dibenzothiophenes isolated generally in good to excellent yields, irrespective of the nature of the substituents (Scheme 31) . The transformation has been extended to other cyclic diaryl-λ3-iodanes by using 2,2’-bipyridine as the copper ligand, allowing the preparation of the corresponding thioxanthenes, phenoxathiines and dibenzothiepines in moderate to good yields.
A metal-free alternative to the previous methods of formation of sulfur heterocycles 70 has been reported by using elemental sulfur in the presence of cesium carbonate (Scheme 32) . The strategy can be extended to the synthesis of the cyclic selenium analogs 71 by utilizing elemental selenium and potassium tert-butoxide. Several substituted 5- to 8-membered ring π-conjugated systems are isolated in moderate to high yields. Mechanistic investigations for the iodine/sulfur exchange have led to propose the initial formation of the trisulfur radical anion S3•– 72, which adds to the diaryliodonium moiety thereby inducing the formation of the aryl radical 73. The latter then couples with another trisulfur radical anion to give the intermediate 74. After the base-promoted formation of the corresponding thiophenol anion 75, a cyclization delivers the expected product 70 by displacement of the iodine moiety.
The same group has then developed a radical method to access the corresponding sulfones from cyclic diaryl-λ3-iodanes (Scheme 33) . The reaction is catalyzed by a 1,10-phenanthroline-copper complex and affords the dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxides 76 in moderate to high yields. The transformation has been further extended to the synthesis of a new series of molecules 77, where the central thiophene moiety is replaced by a 6-membered heterocycle, which is substituted by a gem-dimethyl or a cyclopropyl group. In this case, the reaction can be performed under metal-free conditions in the presence of a catalytic amount of dimethylethylenediamine.
When compared to cyclic diaryl-λ3-iodanes, the linear analogues inherently raise a more challenging issue to address in terms of sustainability, particularly in the case of non-symmetrical reagents. As mentioned in the introduction, the first study documenting the coupling of both aromatic groups of a diaryl-λ3-iodane has been reported in 1995 by Bumagin and co-workers . One equivalent of symmetrical diaryl-λ3-iodanes could be engaged in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions with 0.55 equivalent of sodium tetraphenylborate to afford 2 equivalents of the corresponding biphenyl products in nearly quantitative yields (Scheme 34). It is assumed that the first cross coupling reaction with the iodonium salt liberates an aryl iodide moiety, available for the second palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction.
Three years later, the high yielding N-arylation of 1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole (BTA), utilizing symmetrical diaryl-λ3-iodanes as two-fold aryl donors has been reported in the presence of Pd(OAc)2 and TPPTS as a water-soluble ligand, and copper(II) phenylcyclopropylcarboxylate (Scheme 35) . Noteworthy, it is mentioned that Ar–I fails to furnish the N-arylation products under the same reaction conditions, leading the authors to conclude that this suggested intermediate remains in the coordination sphere of the palladium catalyst.
In 2015, the group of Greaney has described a tandem copper-catalyzed C3–H/N–H arylation of indoles with diaryl-λ3-iodanes (Scheme 36) . The reaction first involves the use of 20 mol % of CuI and 1.1 equivalents of di-tert-butylpyridine (dtbpy) to convert the indole to the C3–H arylated product. The released Ar–I building block, then, can be engaged in the subsequent step of N–H arylation by adding 30 mol % of dimethylethylenediamine (DMEDA) and potassium phosphate to the same pot. Symmetrical diaryl-λ3-iodanes afford the diarylated indoles 80 with yields ranging from 41% to 67%. More significantly, whereas non-symmetrical diaryl-λ3-iodanes based on electron poor/rich aryl moieties do not provide good levels of regiocontrol in the tandem process, the use of (aryl)(dimethyluracyl)-λ3-iodanes allows for obtaining difunctionalized indoles of type 81 resulting from the regioselective introduction of the dimethyluracyl group at the N–H position.
The same group has then reported a remarkable domino process for the introduction of both aromatic rings of diaryl-λ3-iodanes, though a small excess of this reagent is needed to obtain good yields. An initial N-arylation reaction of 3,5-dimethylpyrazole is performed in the presence of potassium carbonate, in xylene at 70 °C, releasing 1 equivalent of aryl iodide. The latter is then used for a sequential ruthenium-catalyzed ortho-C–H functionalization directed by the pyrazole group (Scheme 37) . Starting from non-symmetrical diaryl-λ3-iodanes, the electron-poorest or more sterically hindered aromatic group is first transferred to the 3,5-dimethylpyrazole. The reaction has been extended to 1,2,3-triazoles, benzotriazole, and pyrazole. In the latter case, the use of (styryl)(aryl)-λ3-iodanes has also proved to be possible, with the styryl moiety being selectively transferred in the first step. The following step of C–H activation then gives access to 2,2-diarylated enamines 83 isolated as a single isomer with respect to the alkene geometry.
While the diarylation of anilines with cyclic diaryl-λ3-iodanes for the formation of N-arylated carbazoles has been described in 2013 [66,67], the truly intermolecular diarylation of anilines with linear reagents has been described only in 2017 by the group Greaney . Except for anilines bearing strong electron-withdrawing substituents (p-NO2), the triarylated amines 84 can be obtained in moderate to good yields, irrespective of the substitution of the aniline and the diaryl-λ3-iodane (Scheme 38). However, the scope of the reaction is limited to symmetrical diaryl-λ3-iodanes as non-symmetrical reagents afford mixtures of N-arylated products in the first step of the tandem process.
As mentioned in the Scheme 30, the group of Jiang has reported the formation of cyclic diarylsulfides from the corresponding cyclic diaryl-λ3-iodanes, utilizing potassium thioacetate as the sulfur source, in the presence of 10 mol % of Cu(OTf)2, and 12 mol % of 1,10-phenanthroline . This transformation has been successfully applied to linear diaryl-λ3-iodanes (Scheme 39). Interestingly, symmetrical and non-symmetrical reagents bearing two electronically different aryl groups can be transferred to provide the corresponding diarylsulfide products 85, a result that stands in contrast to the observation made by Greaney in his study with anilines described in Scheme 38.
In addition to their role as aryl donors in numerous metal-catalyzed couplings, diaryl-λ3-iodanes are also relevant reagents to perform the α-arylation of enolates. However, the reaction is again limited to the transfer of a single aryl group. As an alternative to address this issue of atom-economy, the group of Shafir has reported the metal- and base-free arylation of keto-esters and cyanoketones using [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]arenes ArI(OCOCF3)2 (Scheme 40) . The reaction can also be applied to cyclic 1,3-diones with equal efficiency .
Mechanistic studies supported by DFT calculation have led to propose that the rate-determining step of the process would be the ligand exchange between TFA and the O-enolate (Scheme 41) . The resulting cationic intermediate 88 could rapidly evolve through a [3,3] rearrangement. Even though the C-enolate 89 is more stable than its O-tautomer 88, the rearrangement step seems to be much faster. The use of the radical scavenger TEMPO had no effect on the reaction outcome suggesting that the initial hypothesis is correct. By screening additives, it was shown that the hypervalent iodine could be quickly generated in situ by using Oxone as a terminal oxidant, thereby allowing for extending the scope of the reaction in terms of iodoarenes.
A large range of oxidation reactions can be performed with [bis(acyloxy)iodo]arenes best represented by the commercially available reagents PhI(OAc)2 and PhI(OCOt-Bu)2. These λ3-iodanes have been widely used in atom-transfer reactions, particularly for the generation of metal-bound nitrenes that are highly active species for the aziridination of alkenes and the direct amination of benzylic, allylic or tertiary C(sp3)–H bonds [80-85]. Seminal catalytic nitrene transfers mediated by λ3-iodanes [86-89] were described from iminoiodinanes of general formula PhI=NR that can be prepared mainly from sulfonamides . However, the scope of catalytic C(sp3)–H amination and alkene aziridination reactions has been greatly enhanced following the discovery of practical procedures for the in situ generation of iminoiodinanes, a synthesis which is known to be troublesome [91-93]. According to these protocols and following the design of dirhodium(II) complexes, highly efficient catalytic nitrene transfers have been reported from carbamates , sulfamates [94-97], ureas and guanidines , sulfamides , hydroxylamine-derived sulfamates , carbamimidates , and sulfonimidamides [102-107]. These reactions involve the formation of a metal-bound nitrene that can insert into a C(sp3)–H bond or a π-bond via the asynchronous concerted addition of a singlet species or a stepwise radical pathway (Scheme 42) [83,84].
While these transformations cannot be performed under conditions catalytic in iodine, recent investigations have revealed the possibility to value the iodoarene side-product in a subsequent one-pot palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction. The use of a sulfonimidamide (S*NH2), as a chiral nitrene precursor, in combination with the chiral dirhodium(II) complex Rh2(S-nta)4 has led to the discovery of intermolecular C(sp3)–H amination reactions that proceed from hydrocarbons used as the limiting components, with nearly quantitative yields and complete diastereoselectivity [102-105]. Such a highly efficient atom-transfer process has provided the opportunity to design a tandem of C–N and C–C bond-forming reactions that relies on an initial step of catalytic nitrene addition. The latter would release the iodoarene that could be coupled to a suitable functionality previously introduced on the starting material. The strategy has been first validated from TMS-protected alkyne derivatives via a tandem of C(sp3)–H amination/sila-Sonogashira–Hagihara coupling (Scheme 43) .
The overall process affords complex nitrogen-containing compounds 92 with very good yields and complete stereocontrol starting from benzylic, allylic and adamantyl substrates. In addition, the preparation of substituted [bis(acyloxy)iodo]arenes following the reaction of iodoarenes with sodium perborate enables the introduction of various aryl groups on the alkyne moiety.
However, as a limitation of this study, the reaction allows for recycling at best 1 equivalent of the iodoarene while it involves the use of 1.4 equivalents of the λ3-iodane. Moreover, it requires the design of specific alkynyl substrates that reduces its scope. With the aim to address these issues, it has been demonstrated that, in addition to its role of oxidant and coupling partner, the λ3-iodane can simultaneously be used as the substrate for the C(sp3)–H amination reaction (Scheme 44) . The catalytic auto-amination, thus, gives access to various iodoaminated intermediates that can be subsequently engaged in palladium-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura, Sonogashira, or Mizoroki–Heck cross-coupling reactions. Various aryl, alkenyl, or alkynyl substituents can thus be introduced in good to very good yields.
When compared to the previous strategy, not only this process enables to increase the molecular diversity, but it also displays a higher atom-efficiency as only 1.1 equivalents of the λ3-iodane are required to achieve good to excellent conversions. In addition, it should be pointed out that the tandem reactions based on the auto-amination process enables to address the issue of chemoselectivity in some cases. For example, the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling allows for introducing a pyridinyl or a furyl ring that are not compatible with the rhodium-catalyzed oxidizing amination reactions.
In a similar manner, the group of Namitharan has very recently demonstrated that a one-pot palladium-catalyzed Heck coupling allows for transferring the aryl group of (diacetoxyiodo)arenes released after a metal-free methylenation reaction (Scheme 45) . The latter that is performed by reacting PhI(OAc)2 with DMSO, applies to amidines 97 to afford the methylene intermediates 98 The following coupling leads to 1,2-diarylated acrylamidines 99 in good yields, but only starting from iodoarenes substituted by electron-donating groups.
With the aim to reduce the formation of iodo-containing side-products, the design of tandem reactions that enable the incorporation of the aryl groups of λ3- or λ5-iodanes into the products, has emerged as a relevant versatile alternative to the solid-supported reagents and the iodine-catalyzed transformations. Most of the achievements reported in this context have been made through the application of modern transition-metal-catalyzed methods. Simple hypervalent iodine reagents can now be considered as valuable building blocks in the synthesis of both polyfunctionalized compounds and complex polycyclic skeletons. We believe that the application of this strategy could be a source of inspiration for the conception of new multicatalytic cascades that receive increasing attention in organic synthesis [111,112]. Extending their scope in terms of molecular diversity and complexity is expected from their application starting from other classes of λ3- or λ5-iodanes. | <urn:uuid:8f61fc60-0e85-4297-b54e-b208df93aac3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjoc/articles/14/128 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.916415 | 9,370 | 2.625 | 3 |
Federal officials said that the United States should resume use of the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine, which has been on pause since April 13th. The company updated the fact sheets about the vaccine for doctors and patients to include information about the risks of clots.
Vaccinations with the Johnson & Johnson shot could start back up as soon as tomorrow morning, said Peter Marks, director of the FDA’s Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, during a press briefing.
The decision to reinstate the J&J vaccine follows the recommendation of an independent CDC advisory group earlier today. The committee stressed that officials should make people aware of the risk of rare blood clots, which appear most often in women under 50.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) had instituted the pause after receiving reports of unusual blood clots in a handful of people who received the shot. As of Friday, officials had 15 reports of women developing rare blood clots called cerebral venous sinus thrombosis after receiving the vaccine. Other unconfirmed reports are under investigation. Around 8 million people have received the shot in the US, including 4 million women.
The clots, which form in the brain, appeared in combination with low levels of platelets, a type of blood cell involved with clotting. The federal agencies recommended the pause so that experts could gather more information about the clots and so they could give doctors information on how to recognize and treat the condition — in this case, the standard blood clot treatments could make things worse.
Many states were using the one-shot, easy-to-store Johnson & Johnson vaccine for people who are homebound, people experiencing homelessness, and other underserved groups. While many vaccination sites switched people scheduled for the Johnson & Johnson vaccine to the Moderna or Pfizer / BioNTech shots instead, some people in vulnerable groups weren’t able to get vaccinated because of the halt.
The CDC will keep monitoring cases of the clotting condition in people who get the Johnson & Johnson vaccine. | <urn:uuid:74ceea36-83b9-476c-a8e7-f169ab7a0557> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theverge.com/2021/4/23/22399228/covid-vaccine-johnson-pause-lifted-fda-cdc | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.96283 | 427 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Accounting will always be a key part of running a business, regardless of the industry you’re in. But when it comes to construction, accountancy might seem like the least of your concerns. When you need to adhere to strict working practices while managing challenging projects that could pose a risk to the health and safety of your workers, it’s easy to push paying your taxes to the back of your mind.
However, accounting encompasses much more than simply filing a tax return and a combination of the right tools and a solid organisational system can put your business in good stead to not only survive but succeed.
If you’re a construction professional working as a contractor or on the verge of starting your own business within the industry, then this guide to accounting will help you to get started on the right path.
The importance of accounting in construction
Business structures in the construction industry are variable, with every big project hiring a different combination of contractors and full-time staff. This can make paying the right amount of tax and keeping track of payroll challenging, especially if contractors are being hired on a day-to-day basis and subcontractors are routinely brought in to support with specialised tasks. This level of changeability requires construction professionals to pay close attention to their finances, as failing to maintain their accounts will result in missed payments, cash flow problems and, eventually, debt or shortages in capital.
Getting started with accounting
The earlier you begin implementing an effective accounting system, the easier it will be to avoid all the challenges that come with working in the construction industry. Some of the basic considerations you must take include:
Investing in the right tools
Taking a manual approach to accounting in an industry that’s as changeable and multifaceted as construction will result in wasted time and complications arising from human error and ineffective organisation. Digital tools such as accounting software are by far the best way to manage not only your day-to-day finances, but your annual tax return, monthly payroll, and cash flow.
Due to the high number of contractors you’re likely to be working with, it’s smart to invest in an accounting solution that can take care of invoicing, send out payment reminders and log the details of every worker for more efficient tax calculations. Not only will this ensure that you are always getting paid on time, but it will reduce the number of queries and complaints from contractors that either haven’t received any money or want to know when they will.
If you aren’t sure whether accounting software is for you, you could get started with a builders invoice template, which will help you to improve payment communications through formatting. Over time, you can decide to integrate templates with software for a more seamless process.
While accounting software does give you the power to manage your finances yourself, you may also want to consider hiring a bookkeeper or accountant as your business grows. This will help you to make full use of any expenses or allowances that are available to you, saving you tax in the long run.
Understanding the regulations
The construction industry is often subject to specific tax laws and regulations that can make its accounting processes more involved than they are in other sectors. These will vary depending on the country you’re based in and the type of project you’re undertaking.
If you’re primarily carrying out work in the UK, you will need to familiarise yourself with the Construction Industry Scheme, which stipulates contractors are responsible for collecting any tax owed from subcontractors on the government’s behalf. This means that not only are they responsible for paying their own tax, but they also need to calculate and pay taxes for the contractors they hire, not unlike an employer would. In most other industries, contractors or freelancers are responsible for only their own taxes, which lessens their accountancy burden.
In addition to construction-specific regulations, you will need to decide on the best structure for your business. The way you file your taxes will change depending on whether you’re a limited company, sole proprietor or part of a partnership.
Taking out insurance
Insurance might not seem like it’s directly linked to your accounting processes, but it will certainly help you maintain your business’s financial health should anything go wrong. You may need to take out multiple types of insurance in the event that there’s an accident on the construction site you’re working on and a contractor or employee is hurt. It can also be a good idea to insure expensive equipment or machinery for accidental damage. Without insurance, an accident could spell the end of your business, regardless of how well you’ve been managing your accounts and cash flow.
Paying attention to your cash flow
Many construction businesses have experienced financial difficulties due to a poorly managed cash flow. This is partially due to the amount it takes for some construction projects to be completed. If you’re going to be working on a site for many months or the best part of a year, there’s an increased chance of your client running out of funds, pulling out of the project or even going bankrupt. If you’ve already invested in all the materials and equipment needed to complete the work, you may find it difficult to take on new work if you lack funds after receiving only partial payment.
To avoid cash flow issues, it’s important to spread payments across a project, sending invoices to your clients regularly and asking for advance payments instead of investing your own capital to buy equipment and materials. Accounting software will help you to keep track of your income and expenses, highlighting when it’s time to remind your client to make a payment or press pause on ongoing work.
Take control of your accounting
Accounting in the construction industry can be a challenge, but that’s all the more reason to invest in the right tools and seek advice to ensure your business’s financial health. Start preparing for your tax return as early as possible by keeping all your financial records carefully organised. | <urn:uuid:02726aa5-9619-44a2-9fc5-9accb8f19bbf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bdcmagazine.com/2022/08/a-guide-to-accounting-for-construction-professionals/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.950154 | 1,235 | 1.929688 | 2 |
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