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In 1992, Russell Sage Foundation was invited by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation to help develop an initiative aimed at strengthening educational research to improve literacy levels in the United States. The program focused on applying findings from basic cognitive science to educational practice that would foster the ability of students, especially those from disadvantaged backgrounds, to read, write, and reason effectively. As the program developed, it moved away from support of basic cognitive research toward projects aimed at understanding how to disseminate innovations that promote active literacy and sustain educational change. Guiding the process were several research teams that combined educational innovators with specialists in evaluation, experts in teacher training, and social scientists who study the diffusion of innovation. The program eventually supported four major projects, all of which were concluded by 2001. For a discussion of the impetus behind the Literacy initiative, please visit the Mellon Foundation website. | <urn:uuid:c9f130ec-7071-465e-83e3-0756ed1065ea> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.russellsage.org/research/literacy-project | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00354-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96619 | 171 | 2.90625 | 3 |
President Woodrow Wilson leads the Army Day parade of 1918 in Washington DC.
Washington DC USA Date:1918 Duration:4 min 50 sec Sound:NO SOUND
President Woodrow Wilson leads the Army Day parade of 1918 in Washington DC. Troops march on the streets of Washington DC. A military band leads the troops. A large crowd on the side lines gathered to view the event. The President, in a top hat, accompanies officials in the parade along Pennsylvania Avenue. They are seen walking past the "New Capital Hotel," at 3rd & Pennsylvania Avenue.. Military officers in parade. The parade passes shopping areas and buildings. Men wearing white hats. A ceremony during the parade. Officers on horses. Troops in carriages. Banner reads: 'Ready for Duty' . Decorated float on a carriage. Officers march. Sailors hold banner that reads: 'Navy'. (World War I; World War 1; WWI; WW1)
This historic stock footage available in HD and SD video. View pricing below video player.
Have a correction or more info about this clip? Edit Now
Be the first to correct or edit this clip's info! Edit Now | <urn:uuid:696724ce-fb47-4911-bc00-ea7476f5842b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.criticalpast.com/video/65675020882_Army-Day-Parade_troops-march_banners-in-hand_officers-on-horses | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00244-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.890395 | 241 | 2.34375 | 2 |
How to Keep Your Holiday Spending in Check We’ve got 4 tips to help you plan for your holiday season spending. The holiday season is fast approaching and with it are the parties, presents, and family get-togethers. After the holiday season, many people make New Year’s resolutions to spend less and save more. Consider committing now to staying disciplined with your spending this holiday season. These four simple steps may help you prepare financially and stay out of debt before the new year approaches. 1. Have a “Good” Plan A bad plan is often better than no plan, but a good plan can make a huge difference. There are many reasons to think ahead for your holiday spending: Last minute travel is significantly more expensive than if you book in advance. Sale prices can make a big difference in how much you spend. Hot-ticket items get sold out before the holidays. It is easy to make impulse buys if you do not know what you are looking for. Many people plan on getting these tasks done early but often end up waiting until the last minute. This is known as the planning fallacy, i.e. the tendency for people to be overly optimistic about how long it will take them to complete a task or how much money they will spend. To overcome the planning fallacy, write down when you think you will have the tasks on your plan completed. Then, look up when you completed the tasks on your plan last year. Your actual outcomes will more likely be closer to last year’s numbers than your guess for this year. For example, if you realize last year you bought flights at the last minute, chances are you will be closer to buying flights last minute than buying early. Think about setting calendar reminders to buy your flights early or, better yet, consider buying now to save money. 2. Have a Budget If you are trying to stay disciplined with your money this holiday season, a budget is a must. However, following through on your budget is another matter. Again, comparing what you actually spent last year to what you think you will spend this year is a good start to determine if your budget is unrealistic. Another strategy is to budget all of your expenses and leave some money for last minute expenses, the unexpected or impulse buys. Having a buffer in your budget will make it easier to not exceed your limit. It is important to note that while budgets can feel limiting, they can also open your mind to opportunities you did not consider. While presents are nice, they are quickly forgotten. Science has shown that quality time and experiences make people happier both in the moment and in the long run. Not only is having a budget a key money saving tip for the holidays, it could lead to some creative gift-giving. 3. Check Online for Coupons It used to be that you had to get the Sunday newspaper to find coupons. Now you can use websites such as RetailMeNot.com or Coupons.com to find coupons for both online and in-person shopping. Also, if shopping online, many stores offer single item 20% off discounts or similar if you sign up for their email newsletter. 4. Use Cash Another way to stay disciplined, and stay out of debt, is to keep your holiday budget in cash in an envelope. Studies have shown that you are less likely to overspend paying with cash, as handing over paper bills makes your spending feel tangible. Just make sure you use a bank with no-fee ATMs so withdrawing that cash does not cost you anything. With all of your holiday budget in one place, you can easily see when you are running low. When the envelope is finally empty, you know it is time to stop spending. With a little planning ahead, you may be able to save money this holiday season and help your dollars go a little further. | <urn:uuid:057808e2-1616-4bb2-b374-60b3ee5ffbf8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.discover.com/online-banking/banking-topics/?p=1243&help=0&_wpnonce=a12bc313be | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.960306 | 772 | 1.671875 | 2 |
50 Digital Team Building Games FaFun Meeting Openers Group Activities and Adventures using Social Media Smart Phones GPS Tabletsand More (PB) By: John Chen
50 Digital Team-Building Games offers fun, energizing meeting openers, team activities, and group adventures for business teams, using Twitter, GPS, Facebook, smartphones, and other technology. The games can be played in-person or virtually, and range from 5-minute ice-breakers to an epic four-hour GPS-based adventure. Designed to be lead by managers, facilitators, presenters, and speakers, the activities help teams and groups get comfortable with technology, get to know each other better, build trust, improve communication, and more. No need to be a "techie" to lead these games—they're simple and well-scripted.
Author John Chen is the CEO of Geoteaming, a company that uses technology and adventure to teach teams how to collaborate.
- How to lead a simple, fast, fun team building activity with easy-to-follow instructions
- How to create successful "virtual" team building that requires NO travel and little to no additional expenses
- How to engage standoffish engineers, "hard to reach" technical teams, or Gen X/Y teammates with technology they enjoy using
Successful technology-based team building can build buzz for your company, build critically important relationships and communication internally, and keep your team talking about it for weeks afterward!
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I knew about Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell, but it wasn’t until Iraq that I pondered whether I should come out. I thought, You know, I could die at any moment here. One of my friends did die, and I was sitting at the memorial service, thinking, Here I am in this very dangerous area. When am I going to start living my life?
I fell in love January of ’08. For a closeted military person, it’s a very arduous journey to meet somebody. So then I thought my contribution for gay rights was going to be coming out to my parents, two people who are anti-gay, who voted against gay marriage. You have training and body armor when you go to Iraq, but how do you defend yourself against Bible verses from your reverend dad? I just told my dad, I said, “You know how much I’ve prayed about this? I’ve said, ‘Jesus, please make me straight.’” We haven’t been talking since.
Video: In an interview with Atlantic Deputy Editor Scott Stossel, Choi explains why he decided to come out and how he realized the insidious effects of the Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell policy.
I was so politically naive, but I was getting angry. And then it was like, “Well, what are you going to do to me now, ’cause Reverend Choi knows!” So after I came out to my folks, a group of us started a West Point group, Knights Out. I was chosen as a spokesperson. That was difficult, because Asian people are not very visible people, and they don’t break rules, and the same thing goes for Christian and military people. But I felt that this was the next step of what I needed to do. I was on The Rachel Maddow Show, and she was asking, Should the president repeal Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell? I said, Look, I just want to serve my country. The fact is, I was scared to death to jump into that. I don’t have a degree in politics.
But we knew that to be effective, we needed to demonstrate our willingness to sacrifice, relay the impact of DADT as not just a lobbying issue, but a disruption in lives that warrants willingness to conduct civil disobedience. We studied the works of Thomas Paine, tried to understand the passion of the American Revolution, and Martin Luther King Jr. We even studied the Tea Party movement.
The Human Rights Campaign, the biggest, richest gay lobby, kept saying, There is a plan from the president; the president has a plan. The HRC warning us not to criticize Obama was ridiculous. There was no plan. Left to their own devices, the politicians and lobbyists would never lead on issues like equal rights. Eighty percent of people want to get rid of Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell, but HRC didn’t even include it at the top of their list of priorities they wanted to accomplish. The HRC rally in March of this year turned out to be really about Kathy Griffin’s show. I love her, but we felt we were getting exploited for her show. We thought we should be in front of Congress, or protesting at the White House. You need to have a proper target and not just be speaking to yourselves.
At the rally I told the crowd, “We are going to the White House.” I was with Captain Jim Pietrangelo, we were in uniform. I said, “I’m not going to stay silent anymore.” At the White House, we brought the handcuffs out. People gasped. But I didn’t want to say I didn’t try everything I could to make the president do what he promised. That was my personal obligation.
They kept us in jail overnight. Then we did it again in April, and got a stay-away order from the judge. Then we did it a third time, in May.
I can finally say I am not ashamed anymore. To hear the message that “God created you gay and there is a reason you are gay and you have a duty to others”—tears roll down your eyes. I joined the military to protect the Constitution. People say it is inappropriate for me to get arrested in uniform, but to me it is the validation of all that I signed up to do. I say what I had to go through is what tarnishes the uniform more than anything. | <urn:uuid:c0d770f3-91dd-4999-8eba-ac4fe3490163> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2010/11/dan-choi/308278/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00441-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980886 | 955 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Innovative Lateral Systems for Mass Timber Products
Funded by the USDA Agricultural Research Service, and led by faculty at Oregon State University’s Department of Wood Science and Engineering and the School of Civil and Construction Engineering, “Innovative Lateral Systems for Mass Timber Products” is testing innovative lateral force resisting systems (LFRS) comprised of newer mass timber products and different energy dissipation mechanisms.
These LFRS represent a suite of resilient design techniques that can localize damage in special hardware designed to dissipate energy during an earthquake or similar disturbance. The end product is a building that is potentially more resilient to natural disasters than conventional construction.
At the core of the project is a three-story, 40’X40′, mass timber structure comprised of Freres Lumber mass plywood panel (MPP) floor diaphragms and shear walls, Boise Cascade laminated veneer lumber (LVL) columns and beams, and Simpson StrongTie connectors.
The three story structure was erected by Fortis Construction in 2021 at TDI’s A.A. “Red” Emmerson Advanced Wood Product Lab. Testing of the structure will begin spring of 2022 and will consist of monitoring the structure during quasi-static cyclic loading.
The structure will be tested and augmented in multiple phases, each phase utilizing a different LFRS in terms of design and materials as such:
Phase 1: will involve testing a lateral resisting system (LFRS) of 30-foot balloon-type “spine” shear wall made from a mass plywood panel (MPP). The MPP shear wall is combined with four external post-tensioned high-strength rods to provide the self-centering capacity through rocking. The shear wall is connected to steel columns at each side of the wall and U-shaped flexural plats (UFPs), which help dissipate energy during a seismic event. The displacement- and performance-based seismic design procedures were utilized for the design of the LFRS
Phase 2: will involve testing of a seismic-force resisting system including a hybrid MPP “spine” with two steel buckling-restrained braces BRBs attached to the first-story wall ends as hold-downs. For this phase, the MPP spine was conceived as a pivoting wall, with a plate support located at the base midpoint to allow the wall to jointly pivot and move upward. Shear transfer to the foundation is ensured using two stiff steel shear key assemblies, designed to prevent in-plane sliding and out-of-plane displacements. These base conditions mimic a compression-only pin support, with the BRBs resisting the base moment and the MPP wall resisting the story shear.
Phase 3: will involve a hybrid shear wall system with platform type construction made out of a new mass timber panel coupled with light frame panelized construction. | <urn:uuid:cdedb497-24e7-4667-aef8-a4d741a44704> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tallwoodinstitute.org/innovative-lateral-systems/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.922545 | 604 | 2.34375 | 2 |
The studios at the university are already a hive of activity this early in the year, with challenging concepts being explored and striking works in the process of being made.
36 students from the Foundation course are in the process of finalising ideas for artworks which have taken inspiration from the collection housed at the Ashmolean Museum. The museum’s diversity will be represented in the variety of work produced by the students in response to their research. Many of the works look to explore the ways the museum represents the crossing of cultures and times in its architecture and methods of display. Our students are currently grappling with ways to visualise the half a million years of history and art represented by the Ashmolean, many intrigued by the Roman casts, others by the architecture of the building and even the founder of the museum, Elias Ashmole himself. The title Artefact, also chosen by the students, provides a perfect starting point for responses to investigate both fact and art. By the end of January, a panel comprising of staff from the Ashmolean and OVADA, will select a number of works to be exhibited at OVADA gallery in an exhibition which will open for a preview on 9 February 2017.
Museum collections have long provided inspiration for artists and the Ashmolean is world famous for its presentation of the history of humanity. As the students have discovered the collection of artefacts and artworks they have revealed interesting facets of cultures and time periods from all over the globe. The newly created work has provided a method of both uncovering these histories and also of inventing new ideas for artworks and objects, giving us a fresh way of interpreting these objects in our time.
Open daily, 12-6pm
For more information about the exhibition please contact:
Dr Myfanwy Johns, Senior Lecturer in Fine Art on the Art & Design Foundation Course at Oxford Brookes University: email@example.com | <urn:uuid:3722190d-216e-40f4-85c8-1811fb63dacc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.artrabbit.com/events/artefact-crossing-cultures-crossing-time | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.958965 | 402 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Tesla vs Edison is a strategy board game which was previously successfully funded. Now there's a Kickstarter campaign for a Tesla vs Edison Powering Up! Expansion. Tesla vs Edison is recommended for age 14+ and is a great way to get teens interested in the history of invention. It's great to see more focus on female inventors in the expansion pack.
We're big fans of board games here at Tech Age Kids, they're great for developing logical thinking skills. A board game set in tech history is right up our street!
The extension pack also includes AI decks so that a one-player game possible. The AI decks have an Ada Lovelace version (more intelligent!) or a Charles Babbage version.
There are various award options including ones that include the base game as well as the expansion pack. Rewards are planned to ship in October 2016.
If you can't wait until then for the base game then it is available to order outside the campaign.
- See also: Board games that teach coding skills | <urn:uuid:c870af80-fda9-46e5-b6dd-1d69422d05ff> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.techagekids.com/2016/04/tesla-vs-edison-inventor-board-game.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721174.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00283-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966012 | 207 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Russian President Vladimir Putin says encouraging idea of American exceptionalism is 'dangerous'
6:49 AM, Sep 12, 2013
WASHINGTON - Russian President Vladimir Putin is no fan of the idea of American exceptionalism. He suggests that God isn't either.
In an opinion piece for The New York Times, Putin cites President Barack Obama's address Tuesday night in which he said American ideals and principles "are at stake in Syria" as he made his case for holding the Assad government accountable for a deadly chemical weapons attack near Damascus.
Obama concluded by saying that America's ability and willingness to act to prevent an atrocity such as gassing children is, in his words, "what makes us exceptional."
But Putin writes: "It is extremely dangerous to encourage people to see themselves as exceptional, whatever the motivation."
He continues to say that the world's nations all have their differences. And whether they have long democratic traditions or are still finding their way to democracy," Putin says "we must not forget that God created us equal."
Putin's remarks conclude with a plea to Americans for caution in dealing with Syria. | <urn:uuid:0b9f4144-7695-4c01-a609-f1aec567db34> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.newsnet5.com/news/world/russian-president-vladimir-putin-says-encouraging-idea-of-american-exceptionalism-is-dangerous | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00089-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966103 | 226 | 2.03125 | 2 |
NPSO 2017 Annual Meeting
IN THE LAND OF UMPQUA
Bring water and lunch, sturdy shoes, sunglasses and be prepared for any weather. Hikes may be changed if necessary.
Friday field trips depart from the Douglas County Library (map).
Saturday and Sunday depart from the Phoenix School Parking Lot (map).
SATURDAY, JUNE 10th
1. Beatty Creek ACEC/RNA
This area represents an excellent example of serpentine pine savanna at the north end of the Klamath Mountains Ecoregion. Soils derived from serpentine rock have chemical and physical properties that make plant growth difficult. This area has been recognized for its rich concentration of plants tolerant of these harsh soils. Species to be found on the serpentine rocks here include Bolander’s onion (Allium bolanderi), Klamath rockcress (Arabis subpinnatifida), Douglas monkey flower (Diplacus douglasii), and California sandwort (Minuartia californica). Other wildflowers to enjoy include grass widows (Olsynium douglasii var. douglasii), wayside aster (Eucephalus vialis), spring gold (Crocidium multicaule), yellowleaf iris (Iris chrysophylla), and Henderson’s triteleia (Triteleia hendersonii var. hendersonii). Moderate off-trail hiking. Forty-five minute drive from Roseburg. Leader: Ken Carloni, Umpqua Community College biology professor.
2. Bilger Ridge
We will enjoy many interesting serpentine plants such as Calochortus coxii (crinite mariposa lily, named for Marvin Cox who was one of the leaders of this trip in 2005) and Sisyrinchium hitchcockii (Hitchcock’s blue-eyed grass). We may also have time to visit an Umpqua mariposa lily (Calochortus umpquaensis) site near Tiller. Easy-to-moderate off-trail hiking. 1-1/4 hour drive from Roseburg. Leader: Aaron Roe, botanist with the Roseburg BLM office.
3. Callahan Ridge
This is a visit to the expansive meadow on Callahan Ridge to view a diverse variety of “serpentine” endemic plant and fern species that include the Umpqua mariposa lily (Calochortus umpquaensis) and Hall’s violet (Viola hallii). Kincaid’s lupine (Lupinus oreganus ssp. kincaidii) is also present in a low narrow saddle underlain by “granitic” substrate. See panoramic views of the Western Cascade Range to the east and the Klamath Mountains in every other direction. Easy-to-moderate hiking. 1-1/2 hour drive from Roseburg. Leader: Linda Vorobik
4. Cedar Springs Mountain
We will wander among amazing serpentine plants and geologic features while hunting for the northernmost range of the elusive Lewisia leana (quill-leaved lewisia). We’ll also look for Phacelia peckii (Peck’s phacelia) and Arabis subpinnatifida (Klamath rockcress). A two- hour drive from Roseburg, high clearance recommended. Moderate to difficult hike, bring plenty of water. Leader: Dana York, former USFS botanist.
5. Cougar Bluffs
Forest wildflowers such as Phlox adsurgens (woodland phlox) and stunning rock garden species such as Gilia capitata (bluefield gilia), Penstemon cardwellii (Cardwell’s penstemon), Penstemon rupicola (pink rock penstemon), Sedum divergens (spreading stonecrop) and Sedum oregonense (creamy stonecrop) are sure to please. Easy-to-moderate hiking. 1-1/2 hours from Roseburg, high clearance recommended. Leader: Richard Helliwell, USFS botanist.
6. Fall Creek Falls
This hike will look at typical lichens, mosses, and plants of the western Cascades. This field trip will focus on lichens and bryophytes and will likely visit other sites in the area. Susan Creek is a nearby BLM park featuring Tioga Bridge spanning the scenic North Umpqua River, accessing the North Umpqua Trail system on the opposite bank. The rock outcrops along the river's edge hold a variety of aquatic lichens and bryophytes including the rare "donut moss" Scouleria marginata. The trail system goes through beautiful old-growth forest containing many trees well over six feet in diameter. Short easy hiking. 45-minute drive from Roseburg. Leader: Scot Loring
7. Hemlock Lake
Enjoy a scenic short hike around Hemlock Lake and see a great variety of flora such as Eurybia radulina (formerly Aster radulinus, rough-leaved aster), Penstemon cardwellii (Cardwell’s penstemon), and Castilleja pruinosa (frosted Indian paintbrush). Also includes stops of botanical interest on the way along Little River Rd. 1-1/2 hour drive from Roseburg. Moderate hiking. Leader: Kelly Amsbury, ODA botanist (retired).
8. King Mountian Rock Garden ACEC
King Mountain Rock Garden is a wonderland of stunning small rock garden type plants that are able to make a niche in seemingly inhospitable, rocky habitat. We’ll look for Penstemon anguineus (Siskiyou beardtongue), P. azureus (blue beardtongue), P. rupicola (rock penstemon), Viola hallii, V. nuttallii, Phlox diffusa (spreading phlox), P. adsurgens (woodland phlox), Silene hookeri (Hooker’s pink), and S. lemmonii. Easy-to-moderate hiking. 1-3/4 hours from Roseburg, high clearance recommended. Leader: Chris Rush, USFS botanist (retired).
9. Limpy Rock RNA, Steamboat Falls, and Apple Creek CG
Participants will be treated to an excellent tour of the Ragged Ridge-Dry Creek Loop to learn about mycotrophic plants and see unusual and endemic flora such as Kalmiopsis fragrans (fragrant kalmiopsis), Asplenium septentrionale (grass fern), and Sarcodes sanguinea (snow plant). Moderate. Wear high-topped boots for scrambling off-trail on rocky slopes at 4000'. 1-1/2 hour drive from Roseburg, high clearance recommended. Leader: Dan Luoma.
10. Lookout Mt.
Hikes to great viewpoints like the open summit of Lookout Mountain don’t come much easier than this. A rainbow of colorful flowers decorates the gravelly top and cliffs along the edge and attracts butterflies on sunny summer days. A small creek by the bottom of the spur road and other roadside open areas nearby provide plenty of unusual plants as well. There’s balsamroot, Phacelia verna (spring phacelia), lots of Fritillaria glauca (Siskiyou missionbells), and a grand show of annuals and bulbs (text courtesy of Tanya Harvey). Moderate hiking. 1-1/2 hour drive from Roseburg, Leader: Bruce Waugh.
11. North Bank Habitat Management Area (BLM) and Popcorn Swale Preserve (TNC)
First we’ll visit the Popcornswale Preserve near Wilbur in North Douglas County and then drive to the North Bank Habitat Management Area. We’ll look for Plagiobothrys hirtus (rough popcornflower) at two wet meadow prairies in Oak woodlands, also Sidalcea cusickii (Cusick’s checkermallow), Limnanthes douglasii (Douglas meadowfoam), and unique prairie grasses and graminoids. Easy hikes (with water resistant boots). 15-30 minute drive from Roseburg. Leader: Susan Carter, botanist with the Roseburg BLM office.
12. Tahkenitch Dunes - Threemile Lake
This is our only coastal field trip. See estuaries, deflation plains, beach dune plants, tideland and forest flora in the Coast Ecological Province. Plants such as Phyllospadix torreyi (Torrey's surfgrass), Zostera marina (marine eel “grass”), Lathyrus littoralis (silky beach pea), and Abronia latifolia (yellow sand-verbena) may be encountered. The last two wildflowers are not recorded from the area on the Oregon Plant Atlas, so finding them would help better document their distribution. Bring binoculars to scout for Sidalcea hendersonii (Henderson’s checker mallow) while crossing the Umpqua River estuary. On the return trip, a stop will be made at the Elkton Community Education Center, time permitting. About 1-1/2 hr. drive from Roseburg. Easy to moderate hiking. Leader: Marty Stein, USFS botanist.
13. Twin Lakes
The area is one of the jewels of the North Umpqua and it is worth seeing the stunning clear blue lakes and giant old growth trees regardless of the bloom. Boykinia major (large boykinia), Eriogonum umbellatum (sulphur buckwheat), Leptosiphon nuttallii (Nuttall’s linanthus), and Piperia unalascensis (Alaska rein orchid) are among the great diversity of wildflowers to be seen there (description courtesy of Tanya Harvey). About an hour drive from Roseburg. Three to four miles of hiking, easy to moderate. Leader: Sam Friedman, USFWS botanist.
14. Pyramid Rock
Pyramid Rock is one of a number of large rocks that pop out of the otherwise largely forested Western Cascades. It has one of the few populations of Columbia lewisia (Lewisia columbiana) south of the Columbia Gorge. Other rock garden plants include cliff paintbrush (Castilleja rupicola), spring phacelia (Phacelia verna), cliff penstemon (Penstemon rupicola), and Sierra cliffbrake (Pellaea brachyptera). About a two-hour drive from Roseburg, high clearance required. Easy to moderate short hike. Leader: Tanya Harvey.
15. Roseburg area habitats
Explore the Umpqua's lowland valley and oak savannah flora in near-by areas with our local chapter's student of medicinal botanicals. Look for elegant calicoflower (Downingia elegans), tiger lilies (Lilium columbianum), larkspurs (Delphinium species), and rough popcornflower (Plagiobothrys hirtus). The Veteran’s Administration oak savannah will be a major stop. A trip to the herbarium at the Douglas County Museum of History and Natural History may be included. (Easy). Leader: Rod Trotter.
16. Wolf Creek Falls (Fri./Sun. only)
Nestled among the big trees in an old-growth forest, this 1.2 mile trail leads to a cascading two-tier waterfall that plummets 75 feet into a pool. A variety of open rock face (i.e. Delphinium menziesii, Mimulus guttatus) and forest growing flowers (i.e. Maianthemum stellatum, Prosartes hookeri) are to be seen. About a 45 min. drive from Roseburg, easy to moderate short hike. Leader TBA. | <urn:uuid:f0c82c0e-6a3c-4f18-a6de-ab81234c1709> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://annualmeeting.npsoregon.org/fieldtrips.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.813076 | 2,583 | 1.875 | 2 |
Yesterday the world heard the news it had been waiting for. Readying himself for what should be a long stint in Leavenworth, convicted traitor Bradley Manning decided that he was really a she. Manning wished no longer to be called Bradley. Henceforth, left thinking people would be calling him Chelsea. One wonders what his cellmate will call him?
But, enquiring minds want to know, why didn’t he change his surname to Womanning? Sometimes life is puzzling.
On what basis did Manning change his gender identity? Glad you asked. Nothing about his body had changed from the day before yesterday to yesterday. What changed was in his mind. Manning had decided that he possessed the deep conviction that he was a she.
It’s not about biology or empirical evidence; it’s about belief. In psychiatry it’s called a delusion.
In the world of politically correct thought, each individual has an inalienable right to choose his gender freely. If Manning chooses to be a she, he is a she.
One can only wonder whether each individual has the inalienable right to choose his race.
From Wikipedia to Slate to The New Republic to the Guardian left-thinking media outlets rushed to trumpet the good news. They changed Manning’s name and excised all of the pronouns that might have reminded someone that Chelsea is really, by the evidence of biology, a he.
It’s not quite gender-reassignment surgery, but one might say, it’s a start. Note well, that since Manning’s biological makeup offends his belief system, he wants to undergo surgical treatment to force his body to correspond to his conviction.
Since the transgendered have recently been granted the status of persecuted minority, the thought police has been out in force, threatening and intimidating anyone who would dare think that Bradley is not Chelsea. If you dare evoke empirical evidence you will be subjected to withering contempt and endless ridicule.
First out of the gate is Erin Gloria Ryan who treats us to a mindless and intemperate rant against all those who would dare question Manning’s belief.
The rhetorical assault is necessary. Otherwise no rational human being would believe that you can change your gender by saying so. And no rational human being would accept that you are what you believe yourself to be.
In this context, Kevin Williamson has exhibited considerable courage by taking on the concept of transgenderism. He bases his National Review article on the work of famed Johns Hopkins psychiatrist Paul McHugh.
Williamson points to a psychiatric category called Body Identity Integrity Disorder, whereby patients are absolutely convinced that one of their arms, for example, has been incorrectly attached to their bodies. They are so convinced that the arm is not really their own that they insist that the only cure is to have it amputated.
Naturally, there are surgeons who are willing to perform the procedure.
The same applies to patients who believe, despite scientific evidence to the contrary, that one of their legs is shorter than the other. They insist on having the longer leg shortened.
Again, there are surgeons who are willing to perform the procedure.
Defenders of transgenderism believe that a full psychiatric examination can separate those who are delusional from those who have, as they say, been trapped in the wrong body.
To which Paul McHugh responded:
When you discuss what the patient means by ‘feeling like a woman,’ you often get a sex stereotype in return — something that woman physicians note immediately is a male caricature of women’s attitudes and interests. One of our patients, for example, said that, as a woman, he would be more ‘invested with being than with doing.’ It is not obvious how this patient’s feeling that he is a woman trapped in a man’s body differs from the feeling of a patient with anorexia nervosa that she is obese despite her emaciated, cachectic state. We don’t do liposuction on anorexics. Why amputate the genitals of these poor men? Surely, the fault is in the mind, not the member.
If the fault is in the mind and not in the body, then physicians have a duty to treat the mind, not to mutilate the body. Williamson explains:
The duty of the medical profession is not to encourage and enable delusions, but to help those who suffer from them to cope with them. It is worth noting here that as a matter of law and a matter of social expectation, the fiction of sex change is treated as the paramount good: We are not expected to treat those who have undergone the procedure as men who have taken surgical and hormonal steps to impersonate women (or vice versa) but as people who have literally changed sex, which they have not….
But, you will ask, what about the science? This procedure has been in use for decades now. Surely, we have amassed a treasure trove of data about its effectiveness.
Williamson surveys the research:
A large number of those who undergo sex reassignment, as many as one in four by some estimates, pronounce themselves unhappy with the procedure. Dr. McHugh in a 1992 essay wrote about its long-term consequences: “Age accentuates the sad caricature of the sexually reassigned and saps their bravado. Some, pathetically, ask about re-reassignment.” Dr. James Bellringer, a British physician who has performed hundreds of sex-reassignment surgeries at the Charing Cross Hospital gender-identity clinic, points out in defense of the practice that about one-fifth of those who are denied the procedure attempt suicide; but a study conducted by the British National Health Service found practically identical — 18 percent — suicide-attempt rates for those who had undergone the procedure. (Mr. Avner, whose feline transformation also took a toll on his personal life — “Being a tiger is more important to me than humanity, which is difficult for many women to cope with” — was found dead of an apparent suicide.) The Aggressive Research Intelligence Facility, which advises the NHS on the effectiveness of treatments, conducted a broad review of the research literature and “found no robust scientific evidence that gender reassignment surgery is clinically effective,” according to the Guardian, the liberal newspaper that commissioned the review. A study by the scholarly journalBJUI (formerly the British Journal of Urology) found that some 24 percent of those who undergo reassignment reported that they were unhappy with the cosmetic results, and 20 percent reported that they were in general dissatisfied with the procedure. Those numbers would be high for nose jobs or breast implants; they are sobering for a course of therapy that involves elective amputations.
This is not good news. Yet, to those who believe that gender is a social construct, the evidence does not matter. Their goal is to force as many as people as possible to detach their thought from empirical reality.
It is a measure of the intellectual degradation of our times that the physical reality of these cases is considered, if it is considered at all, a distant second to the subjective impressions of people who are, not to put too fine a point on it, mentally ill and in need of treatment. | <urn:uuid:0398ce52-9e32-4ba6-8457-bdf8918aea78> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://stuartschneiderman.blogspot.com/2013/08/bradley-or-is-it-chelsea-manning.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00503-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974588 | 1,493 | 1.710938 | 2 |
South Korea's proposed KF-X stealth fighter program has not been short of influential opponents. Now it has another. A defense ministry think tank, the Korea Institute for Defense Analysis, has told a public meeting that the country is not technologically equipped to develop the aircraft, that the project is economically unviable and that the KF-X would not be a successful export product. The institute challenges cost estimates by the Agency for Defense Development, which is leading development of the aircraft.The first iteration at least will not be that stealthy either.
KF-X development would cost more than 10 trillion won ($9.2 billion), one of the institute's researchers, Lee Juhyeong, has told a seminar on the program. Over the life of the program, the KF-X would cost the country more than twice as much as an imported aircraft, Lee says.
The institute's stance has not previously been publicly stated, although the Naeil newspaper reported last year that it had submitted a confidential report doubting the viability of the project. Now speaking openly, the institute questions whether the U.S. will be willing to help develop the KF-X. Other skeptics wonder how it could be exported in competition with U.S. aircraft, since South Korea would probably have to use major U.S. components, whose export could be blocked by Washington. Another influential think tank, the Korea Development Institute, reported as early as 2007 that the KF-X was not viable.
KF-X program director Lee Daeyearl, of the Agency for Defense Development, told the same seminar that the fighter would cost 6 trillion won in development, 8 trillion in production, and 9 trillion for operations over 30 years, according to an aerospace industry executive who attended.
South Korea needs to develop its own fighters to be capable of upgrading them and to install South Korean weapons systems, Lee Daeyearl says. “It will contribute to the nation's aerospace industry in the future,” Yonhap news agency quotes him as saying. “Without making a first step, we'll have to rely on imported aircraft and that will benefit foreign defense contractors.”
The agency has prepared two series of designs, one for an aircraft with its horizontal stabilizers aft, which it considers to be a U.S. style, and one for a “European” fighter with a canard stabilizer. The aft-tail series has run through the iterations C101, C102 and, now, C103, all with two engines and a single seat. The C102 design was further broken down into three variants: C102E with one engine, C102I with internal weapons and C102T with two seats. Those ideas have been discarded, however; the current aft-tail design is C103. Similarly the C201, C202 (with variants E, I and T) and the current C203 follow the same pattern, except for a canard planform.
The agency proposes that either C103 or C203, whichever was chosen, would then advance through three design standards. Block 1 would be “reduced observable,” which it says would be equivalent to the B-1B, Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and Eurofighter Typhoon. For its low signature, Block 1 would rely on fuselage and inlet shaping, including edge alignment, and on radar-absorbing material and semi-conformal weapons carriage. | <urn:uuid:b5d85df7-bad1-4ccf-bb2e-c12767608f19> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://thedragonstales.blogspot.com/2013/02/koreas-kf-x-stealth-fighter-program-is.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00482-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967172 | 714 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Liberals and conservatives alike are celebrating the possible advance of democracy in Egypt. The Mubarak regime is reeling, his heirs apparent have fled the country and images of “people power” are filling television screens worldwide. Excited rumors of the police and military taking the side of the protesters against the regime are being reported as dreams of a Western secular democracy on the Nile fire the imagination of humanists everywhere.
However, this excitement is every bit as ill-conceived as the neoconservative adventures that brought democracy to Iraq and Afghanistan. And seeing that Egypt lacks a military occupying force, it is unlikely that the establishment of a democratic government in Cairo will end as well as the foundation of the corrupt puppet regimes in Baghdad and Kabul have to date.
What those who make a political fetish of democracy repeatedly fail to understand is that it is nothing more than a means; it is not an end in itself. The collective will of the Egyptian people, who have repeatedly voted for the Muslim Brotherhood party in parliamentary elections despite it being banned, has very little in common with that of the American people. The voters in the Palestinian Authority gave Hamas 76 of the 132 seats available, and it can be expected that if Mubarak is chased from power, his dictatorial governance will be replaced with radical Islamic rule that is more similar to the regime in Tehran than the one in Washington, D.C.
The primary difference will be that a new Egyptian government will almost surely be more democratically legitimate than the U.S. government, as the growing divergence between national polls and congressional votes tends to demonstrate.
The Western democracies have successfully constructed a political system in which the will of the people is systematically denied in practice by the political ruling class while simultaneously being honored in theory and rhetoric. That this Western pseudo-democracy is a complete sham can be seen in every federal bailout, in every judicial overrule of popular referendums, in every expansion of the European Union’s unelected powers and, indeed, in every congressional vote that involves a political representative abandoning the position that won him electoral support.
Since they have not had the benefit of decades of political double-talk and its propagandistic justification by the mass media, the unsophisticated voters of the Third World have no idea that their collective will is not supposed to be taken at face value, or that it can be overridden at any time by a small group of judges appointed by the political aristocracy. So, they vote their actual values instead of voting for factional letters and trivial class identifiers like Western voters do, values which have very little in common with those of either the political aristocracy or the voting populations of the West.
Regardless of how one feels about it, radical Islam has been a huge success for the Arab world. Even more than the wealth being produced by the huge oil reserves of the Middle East, it has increased the status and power of the Arabic people throughout the world. Since Egypt’s neighbor to the south, Sudan, is already a radical Islamic state that enjoys popular support, as is the Palestinian Authority to the north, it should come as no surprise if Al-IkhwÄn becomes the dominant power in a truly democratic Egypt.
This is why Vice-President Biden spoke out in favor of keeping Hosni Mubarak in power and why the U.S. government is so badly conflicted about the present situation in Egypt. The prospect of real democracy in Egypt will not only create new and complicated geostrategic challenges, but will underline Western hypocrisy by demonstrating the extent to which the people of the West are denied genuine democracy themselves. | <urn:uuid:41d4ef9a-ae0f-45d5-8b5e-40bed5c08626> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.wnd.com/2011/01/257685/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00438-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968796 | 727 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Dear GNU Radio list,
I’ve being diving into some GNU Radio examples in order to communicate
two USRP2s (e.g. USRP2 #1 pings USRP2 #2). Following the example
“tunnel.py”, in $GNURADIO_PATH/gnuradio-examples/python/digital, I’ve
been able to do it, but with a GMSK/DBPSK/DQPSK modulation scheme.
My goal is to use the tunnel.py example but using a different modulation
scheme, i.e. OFDM. I’ve seen the example “tunnel.py” in another
directory ($GNURADIO_PATH/gnuradio-examples/python/ofdm), which uses a
OFDM modulation scheme but it seems that it’s only working for USRP1.
Is it possible nowadays to use tunnel.py (transmit and receive
flow-graph in the same USRP2) with OFDM in an USRP2 platform?
Thank you for your help.
My equipement is:
2x USRP2s + XCVR2450 daughterboard
Linux 10.04 (Lucid) - 32 bits
GNU Radio version 3.3.0 (stable version)
Juan Ramon Gutierrez A. | <urn:uuid:af1b8208-1543-4e95-95a8-aa9974287038> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/ofdm-modulation-in-tunnel-py-example-usrp2-platform/208926 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.697083 | 301 | 1.875 | 2 |
Remutaka Bat Survey Project 2021 - 22
Preparation for the bat survey project started in March 2021. The main objective of the project is to answer a relatively simple question: “Are bats present in the Remutaka Forest Park?”
The study design was finalised in September and the survey will take place from December 2021 to March 2022.
Our volunteers will deploy AR4 DOC acoustic recorders set on high-frequency “bat mode” at different sites in the park. After 4 weeks, each set of recorders will be brought back in, and the recordings present on the memory cards will be analysed to see if any bats were detected. The results of the survey will be shared with the Trust and with DOC, whether bats were found or not.
Two types of native bats
As is widely known, two surviving species of bats currently live in New Zealand: Chalinolobus tuberculatus (long-tailed bat) and Mystacina tuberculata (lesser short-tailed bat)
Each species exhibits different behaviours and occupy different ecological niches.
In New Zealand, there are more recorded populations of long-tailed bats and these are the species more likely to be present in the Remutaka Forest Park. We will attempt to locate both types of bats.
For long-tailed bats:-
- Forest margins along rivers, roads and wider tracks
- Away from stream/river noise or above calm water is preferred
- Above any possible flood line.
For lesser short-tailed bats:
- Above 200m above sea level ground elevation
- In areas where there is at least 200Ha of continuous old growth forest
- Where very tall, large, old trees are present
- With ground cover of low ferns or astelias, but with an open mid-storey
Proposed bat survey areas (Blue lines: areas for long-tailed bats. Orange lines: areas for short-tailed bats. Brown dots: current RCT DOC 200 trapping network. Green shading: RFP area). The blue arrow (top right) represents the Cross Creek area survey lines which are not shown on the map area depicted.
(Note: Our extensive A24 trap network
extends beyond these boundaries into the Wainuiomata Water Catchment,
along the Orongorongo River and over to the main Remutaka Range
ridgelines above the river).
(Note: Our extensive A24 trap network extends beyond these boundaries into the Wainuiomata Water Catchment, along the Orongorongo River and over to the main Remutaka Range ridgelines above the river).
A pair of bat detection capable acoustic recorders on top of one of our DOC200 stoat traps. (Photo credit: Fanny Leduc). | <urn:uuid:1386302b-c734-4aab-8537-b4cded87aba8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://remutaka.nz/projects/bat_survey/bats.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.919906 | 578 | 2.75 | 3 |
"Only a small group of thoughtful people could change the world. Indeed, it's the only thing that ever has."
- Margaret Mead
It comes down to a choice. Either you believe anything is possible and the state of the world can change for the better or you resign yourself to the fact that there's nothing you can do. Arthur C Clark wrote that “When a distinguished but elderly scientist states that something is possible, he is almost certainly right. When he states that something is impossible, he is very probably wrong.” The same principle applies to life. If you believe that you can’t make a difference then you won’t. It takes visionaries to point out that anything is possible. That as long as you believe that there is a way you will never stop looking for it.
By starting micro-utility franchises in rural and informal settlements a tangible difference can be made for people who still have to live in the dark. By exploiting the versatility of renewable energy and a simple franchise business model these micro-utility businesses can be started across Sub-Saharan Africa. Ugesi links less privileged communities with the funding required to launch their own small mobile power station businesses. These franchises will feed back into Ugesi where the funds will be utilized to aid more communities with renewable energy solutions.
Please follow us on facebook for the latest news: | <urn:uuid:1d338e9d-99d7-4c55-bfe3-63c3c330681d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.ugesigold.co.za/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719453.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00231-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960777 | 280 | 1.851563 | 2 |
- This page includes the show Transcript, the Daily Curriculum, and Maps
- Use the Transcript to help students with reading comprehension and vocabulary
- The Daily Curriculum's Newsquiz tests students' knowledge of events in the news
- At the bottom of the page, please share your feedback about our show and curriculum
December 20, 2013
In our final program of 2013, CNN Student News reports on a congressional budget compromise. We also discuss a data breach at a major U.S. retailer, and we offer some suggestions for how shoppers can protect themselves against credit card fraud. Finally, we look back at some significant events and uplifting stories from the past 12 months.
Teachers, please note that CNN Student News will not air through the rest of 2013. The program will return in January.
On this page you will find today's show Transcript, the Daily Curriculum, Maps pertaining to today's show, and a place for you to leave feedback.
Please note that there may be a delay between the time when the video is available and when the transcript is published.
2013 Newsquiz: The following questions relate to events that were covered this year on CNN Student News. Write your answers in the space provided.
1. On March 13, the Roman Catholic Church's College of Cardinals elected a new pope. In what country was Pope Francis born?
2. On February 1, who was sworn in as U.S. secretary of state, succeeding Hillary Clinton?
3. In what African city did terrorists launch an attack on a shopping mall on September 21?
4. In September, Diana Nyad set a world record for an uncaged swim to the U.S. from what country?
5. What country conducted its third nuclear test on February 12, resulting in increased sanctions from the international community?
6. In what American city did terrorist bombings occur on April 15?
7. What country gave temporary asylum to former U.S. national security contractor Edward Snowden?
8. What U.S. city filed for the largest municipal bankruptcy in U.S. history?
9. What civil war-torn country agreed to destroy its chemical weapons?
10. In December, what country became the third nation to "soft-land" a spacecraft on the moon?
CNN Student News is created by a team of journalists and educators who consider the Common Core State Standards, national standards in different subject areas, and state standards when producing the show and curriculum. We hope you use our free daily materials along with the program, and we welcome your feedback on them.
We're looking for your feedback about CNN Student News. Please use this page to leave us comments about today's program, including what you think about our stories and our resources. Also, feel free to tell us how you use them in your classroom. The educators on our staff will monitor this page and may respond to your comments as well.
Thank you for using CNN Student News! | <urn:uuid:2b04709c-612a-40f3-8aa0-e4f0f1d3f38a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://edition.cnn.com/2013/12/19/studentnews/sn-curriculum-fri/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00502-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943691 | 611 | 2.15625 | 2 |
The easiest way to tell if your engine is flooded with gas is to remove the spark plug. If it’s wet, it’s flooded and you’ll need to let the cylinder dry out before trying to restart.
How long does it take for a small engine to Unflood?
When nothing happens, you turn on the choke and continue pulling until you detect the familiar smell of gasoline, which means the engine is flooded. The conventional remedy for a flooded engine is to let it set for 15 minutes or so to give the carburetor time to dry.
Will a flooded engine fix itself?
Will a flooded engine fix itself? No. You have to take appropriate measures to restore the fuel and air balance in your car’s engine.
Will engine start if flooded?
A flooded engine is an internal combustion engine that has been fed an excessively rich air-fuel mixture that cannot be ignited. This is caused by the mixture exceeding the upper explosive limit for the particular fuel. An engine in this condition will not start until the excessively rich mixture has been cleared.
How long to wait if lawnmower is flooded?
Unless you’re in an incredible hurry, you need take no action to correct a flooded lawnmower engine. Simply settle the mower on a level surface, wait 15 to 20 minutes to allow the gasoline to evaporate and try starting the mower again without engaging the choke.
What does a flooded engine sound like?
You can tell if your engine’s flooded when you spot these signs: Very fast cranking (the engine sounds different when you turn the key – usually a ‘whirring’ sound) A strong smell of petrol, especially around the exhaust. The car doesn’t start, or starts briefly and cuts out again.
Where is the spark plug on a lawnmower?
Spark plugs are typically located on the back or side of a lawn mower engine. Look for a short wire that’s about 1/4-in. -thick leading to the top of a short, cylindrical protrusion from the engine. If you’re not sure where the spark plug is, consult your owner’s manual.
Why is my lawn mower turning over but not starting?
The most common reason for a riding mower cranking over but not starting is bad gas, but other possible reasons include: Gas Valve Off. No Gas. Choke Fault.
How much does it cost to fix a flooded engine?
A flooded engine might cost you anywhere between $3000 and $8000 to fix. The process of repairing that engine is complicated, too, and you might have to stay without your car for quite a while.
How do I know if my carburetor is bad?
Four Signs Your Carburetor Is Failing
- Engine Performance Reduction. As mentioned above, combustion starts and keeps your engine running. …
- Black Exhaust Smoke. You shouldn’t see black smoke coming out of your exhaust pipe even if you drive a diesel. …
- Engine Backfires or Overheats. …
- Starting Difficulty.
What causes carburetor to flood?
The most common cause of flooding is dirt in the needle & seat. What happens often is you clean your carburetor, then start the engine. Dirt from a dirty gas tank, or in the fuel line rushes up and into the carburetor. … Note: Even with a fuel filter you can get dirt up to the carburetor.
How can you tell if a car is flooded with gas?
Signs that Your Car’s Engine is Flooded
- Smelling gas: If you smell a gas-like odor, this could be a sign of a flooded engine.
- Emission color: If it is a darker smoke, this could also be a sign that your engine is flooded.
- Trouble starting: Your car might have trouble starting up if the engine has excess fuel.
How do you know if your engine is flooded with water?
The most immediate signs of engine damage from water exposure will likely be found in the engine oil and transmission fluid. By just checking the fluids with a dipstick you can see if there has been exposure. Water will make the transmission fluid look milky in consistency. | <urn:uuid:d988c444-c31a-433e-aecb-d13218f91c02> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://carbonehondabennington.com/car-parts/how-do-you-tell-if-a-small-engine-is-flooded.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.927617 | 893 | 1.867188 | 2 |
I am immediately reminded of a great 2010 documentary called Top Secret Rosies: The Female 'Computers' of WWII.
The word "computer" has had a definition since at least the 17th century. In the traditional sense, this from the Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology (1992), "compute" came from French, meaning "determine by mathematical reckoning." The word computer would refer to a profession wherein one makes their living doing mathematical and arithmetic calculations. The Wiki on human computer should give you loads of insight into this old profession. An nice additional piece of historical perspective is encapsulated in the late 19th century job advertisement, A Computer Wanted.
Historically, when some large computations for some large complicated process needed to be done, and the person wanting them done had the cash to hire the people, human computers would be hired, organized and instructed to take on various parts of long computations in an organized assembly line style. Computer was still a human profession right in to world war II, and the first electronic computers like ENIAC were actually programmed by these human computers. The people who were in this profession typically had math degrees.
ENIAC was not the only electronic computer of the 1940s. An earlier computer, Colossus, was used by British cryptologists during the war, and the Bombe computer was used to help decipher the German Enigma machine.
I also recall Richard Feynman telling stories about his days working on the Manhattan Project. In Feynman - Manhattan Project the author states, "The greater part of his work was administering the computation group of human computers in the theoretical division." Much more first person anecdotal stories of his time here working with his human computers, as I recall, can be found in his book Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman! That is a much recommended read, I do not possess a copy; I read it in a library. I vaguely recall him describing his process as one where these students in an orderly fashion, an adder, a multiplier, a divider, and so forth, would, with the use of a punch card system, build up big computations over many hours and days, maybe even weeks. One human misstep would obviously have disastrous results. So I guess he was sort of using a combination of human computers, and machine style punchcard devices.
Essentially, the answer to your question is (mostly I think) the latter; electronic computers arose straight from a desperate demand for more computational power. Being able to automate a huge algorithm formerly done by a team of directed humans in less time with less error became possible, and it was important at the time. They were really pushed along out of necessity in a big way by the demands of the second world war, and the cold war funding immediately thereafter kept this advancement moving forward. I am not saying that WWII gave us the very first examples of computers, but this would be the age when they were dramatically ushered in, and the word computer really began to transfer its meaning from "one (a person) who computes," to these machines that, in a decade, made the job of human computer obsolete, and eventually turned into that thing currently sitting on your desktop. | <urn:uuid:28c390af-d250-47e9-850e-1c8aff4a7d41> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hsm.stackexchange.com/questions/2443/was-the-computer-invented-through-the-influence-of-the-printing-press-or-through | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.980059 | 654 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Tensions are rising between Syria's different rebel groups
By The Economist online | TEL AL-KARAMA
BOTH Syrian revolutionary and black Islamic flags now flutter in Idleb, the largely rebel-held province in north-western Syria, close to the Turkish border. But the red flags flying atop the town hall in Tel al-Karama, in the north of the province, and the checkpoint outside it (pictured) signal not a fight against President Bashar Assad but a score to settle with another rebel group.
Tel al-Karama is the hometown of Firas al-Abseh, known as Abu Muhammad, a Syrian Islamic extremist killed last week by fighters of the Farouq al-Shamal Brigade, which is part of a large rebel group based in Homs province. Abu Muhammad led the Mujahadeen Shuraa Council, a team of 100 Syrians and foreigners, inspired by al-Qaeda, which kidnapped two journalists in late July, a Brit and a Dutch national, threatening to kill them before they were rescued.
Initially rebels had welcomed Abu Muhammad, a bald, staid-looking dentist who had come to set up a medical camp, even giving him weapons, says Abu Azzam, a Farouq leader based at the Bab al-Hawa border crossing from Turkey into north-western Syria. But Farouq and other groups in the area had grown increasingly uneasy about his behaviour. He refused to join battles with Muslims he deemed too liberal and gathered foreign jihadi friends, from Britain, Libya and Pakistan, in a tented camp close to the border—a number of them man a hut at the border where tense conversations were being had with Farouq fighters. “He saw himself as an emir and wanted to control everything,” says Abu Ali, another Farouq member. “He was another Assad, just an Islamist version.”
Most fighters disagree with killing fellow rebels, but seem pleased that Farouq, whose own ideology is moderately Islamist, took action. “We don’t want foreigners or extremists here because this is our fight and Syrians are moderate,” says one who leads a small independent group of rebels out of a village in the area.
The demise of Abu Muhammad offers a window into the local dynamics of Syria’s bloody conflict and the tensions between the different groups of fighters. Although they often work together, competition for money, weapons and influence has been growing, and religious faultlines are deepening. Jihadists make up less than 10% of Syria’s opposition fighters, according to a study by the Quilliam Foundation, a counter-terrorism think tank based in London, but their numbers are rising. More worrying to many rebel leaders is that the country is becoming a magnet for foreign fighters who have been seen across the provinces of Idleb and Aleppo.
Abu Muhammad was well known in jihadist circles. He was born in Saudi Arabia to Syrian parents, and studied medicine at Aleppo university before moving back to Saudi Arabia. He was imprisoned there and in Sudan for sending fighters to Afghanistan and had once met Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, the Jordanian militant who led al-Qaeda in Iraq. When the revolution started in Syria he came running back. Having helped wrestle control of the Bab al-Hawa border post from the regime’s forces in July, he moved in and staked out his territory, raising the banner associated with al-Qaeda, a black flag marked by a white stamp and the Muslim declaration of faith. Some fighters said he planned to implement strict Islamic rules, including stopping women without headscarves from crossing the border and banning smokers.
It was then that other local leaders near the Baba al-Hawa border crossing say they agreed Abu Muhammad had to be dealt with. Fighters say they killed him by a single gunshot and returned to his family with a delegation to explain the matter. “This isn’t about a fight between different rebel groups,” insists Abu Azzam, the Farouq leader. “We don’t want chaos and people imposing anything on us.”
But the red flag, which Tel al-Karama’s residents said was a signal of blood, suggests Abu Muhammad’s men want revenge. Some of them are calling for the killers to be handed over. “He was a good man and Farouq just want the border so they can tax people and make money,” says a friend of Abu Mohammed who lives in southern Turkey. (So far there is no sign of any money being taken at the border.) “It is not right.” On spying the red flag fluttering at the checkpoint manned by men from Mujahadeen Shuraa Council, Farouq rebels turn back and take a different road. And there remains the small matter of Abu Muhammad's men. The al-Qaeda flag still flies above their small hut at the border post at Bab al-Hawa, suggesting that visitors of all hues are welcome in Syria.
Correction: This article initially stated that Abu Muhammad was doctor. In fact he was a dentist. This was corrected on September 14th. | <urn:uuid:18490d54-8677-4232-9fec-8e825698d821> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.economist.com/newsbook/2012/09/12/the-killing-of-a-jihadist-leader | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.974713 | 1,066 | 1.859375 | 2 |
(back to Music Travel)
Center for Southern Folklore / Lansky’s Clothing Store (130 Beale St)
The music and culture of the Mississippi Delta region is documented in this museum, and it also offers tours of the Memphis region. The museum is located in the old Lansky’s building, a clothes store mainly frequented by African American shoppers, and where Elvis bought his sharpest clothes. The museum includes the very mirror in which Elvis admired himself dressed in his new suits. After he became famous, Elvis continued to shop at Lansky’s and would regularly have the Lansky Brothers (Guyy and Bernard) over to Graceland for a BBQ. The museum is open daily from 9 am to 5.30 pm (except Sundays when it opens at 1 pm). T
B B King's Blues Club (143 Beale St)
As the name suggests, this is a blues club owned by the man himself. King frequently plays here when he is not on tour.
Rum Boogie Café (182 Beale St)
This is a popular Beale St blues club.
Willie Mitchell's Rhythm and Blues Club (326 Beale St)
The late Willie Mitchell is best known as the co-producer (together with drummer Al Jackson) of Al Green’s classic soul recordings at Hi Records. The club is still run by Mitchell’s family, and the blues and R&B shows are consistently good. Talent nights are held on Wednesdays.
Memphis Music Hall of Fame (329 Beale St and 97 S. Second St)
The Hall of Fame documents the musical heritage of the Memphis region via TV and film, photos, old instruments and records. The collection is split over two branches: the Beale St branch specialises on the pre Elvis years, while the Second St branch (which is located just opposite the Peabody Hotel) focuses on the rock and roll years, soul, and beyond. The Hall of Fame is open from Monday to Saturday from 11 am to 5 pm,
W.C. Handy’s House / The Blues Foundation Building (352 Beale St)
In 1910 W.C. Handy wrote what was arguably the first published blues song - Memphis Blues - in memory of corrupt mayor Edward Crump
The Lorraine Motel / National Civil Rights Museum (450 Mulberry St)
Martin Luther King was shot and killed by James Earl Ray (who may or may not have had accomplices) at the Lorraine Motel on 4 April 1968; King was in town to support striking black city council workers. The Civil Rights Museum is built around the old Motel, and is located close to Beale St.
Ambassador Hotel (South Main Historic District)
The Ambassador was the seedy hotel featured in Jim Jarmusch’s Mystery Train; in the movie, the ghost of Elvis haunts the rooms, Joe Strummer accidentally shoots his brother in law in the leg, and Screaming Jay Hawkins is the hotel receptionist. The hotel has so far escaped demolition.
Arcade Restaurant (540 South Main St)
Featured in the movie Mystery Train.
(back to Music Travel) | <urn:uuid:1e63f7c0-b6e0-447f-a872-73d050390f92> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://scratchpad.wikia.com/wiki/Beale_Street | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00317-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958562 | 657 | 1.835938 | 2 |
IT'S the kind of memory that stays with you. When she was in first grade, Barbara Arrowsmith-Young's Canadian primary school teacher told her mother, in her presence, that she had some kind of ''mental block'', and would never be able to learn.
Now that she has helped more than 4000 learning-disabled children overcome precisely that kind of diagnosis, of course, she can laugh at it. But she didn't at the time.
Arrowsmith-Young, now 61, talks fluently and passionately and with great erudition. She has a masters degree in school psychology. She has published a groundbreaking, widely praised and enthralling book called The Woman Who Changed Her Brain.
But back at school - indeed, up until she was in her mid-20s - she was desperate. Tormented and often depressed. She did not know what was wrong.
On the one hand, she was brilliant. She had near total auditory and visual memory. ''I could listen to the 6 o'clock news, and reproduce it word-for-word at 11pm,'' she says. ''I could open a book, read the first sentence, the second, the third, visualise them. I could memorise whole exercise books.'' On the other hand, she was a dolt. ''I didn't understand anything. Meaning just never crystallised. Everything was fragmented, disconnected.''
She could recite film scripts, but not grasp the relationship between the hands of a clock to tell the time. So in exams, she often got 100 per cent.
Other times, whenever the task involved reasoning, logic, connection, interpretation, or when she simply pulled in the wrong information from her memory, she would get 10 per cent. ''The teachers did not understand,'' she says. ''At school I used to get the strap, for not trying. They really thought I wasn't trying.''
Her mother, a teacher, devised a series of flash cards with numbers and letters and, by dint of much hard work, she achieved literacy and numeracy, of a sort.
''For a long time, I reversed almost every letter and number,'' she says. ''I was just not attaching meaning to symbols.''
In secondary school, and later at university, she disguised her learning disabilities by working 20 hours a day: ''I used to hide in the bathroom when the security guards came around the college library at night, then come back out and carry on.''
The breakthrough came when she was 26. A fellow student gave her a book by a Russian neuro-psychologist, Aleksandr Luria: The Man with a Shattered World. The book contained Luria's research and reflections on the writings of a highly intelligent Russian soldier, Lyova Zazetsky, who had been shot in the brain at the battle of Smolensk in 1943, and recorded in great detail his subsequent disabilities.
For the first time, Arrowsmith says, ''I recognised somebody describing exactly what I experienced. His expressions were the same: living life in a fog. His difficulties were the same: he couldn't tell the time from a clock, he couldn't understand bigger and smaller without drawing pictures, he couldn't tell the difference between the sentences 'the boy chases the dog' and 'the dog chases the boy'. I began to see that maybe an area of my brain wasn't working.''
Reading Luria's research, Arrowsmith-Young learned that the bullet that struck Zazetsky had lodged in his left occipital-temporal-parietal region - the critical junction where, in principle, all incoming information from the lobes responsible for sight, sound, language and touch is synthesised, analysed and made sense of.
She realised that, in all probability, this was the region of her own brain that had been malfunctioning since birth. Then she read about the work of Mark Rosenzweig, an American researcher who found that laboratory rats given a rich and stimulating environment, with play wheels and toys, developed larger brains than those kept in a bare cage.
Rosenzweig concluded that the brain continues developing, reshaping itself based on life experiences, rather than being fixed at birth: a concept known as neuroplasticity.
Arrowsmith-Young decided that if rats could grow bigger and better brains, so could she. So she started devising brain stimulation exercises for herself that would work the parts of her brain not functioning.
She drew 100 two-handed clock faces on cards, each one telling a different time, and wrote the time each told on the back of the card. Then she started trying to tell the time from each, checking on the back to see if she was right. She did this eight to 10 hours a day. Gradually, she got faster and more accurate.
Then she added a third hand, to make it more difficult. Then a fourth, for tenths of a second, and a fifth, for days of the week. ''I was experiencing a mental exhaustion like I had never known,'' she says, ''so I figured something was happening. And by the time I'd done that for three or four months, it really felt like something had shifted, something had fundamentally changed in my brain, allowing me to process and understand information.
''I watched an edition of 60 Minutes, with a friend, and I got it. I read a page of Kierkegaard - philosophy is obviously very conceptual, so had been impossible for me - and I understood it. I read pages from 10 books, and every single one I understood. It was like stepping from darkness into light.''
She devised more exercises, for different parts of her brain. Pushing 30, she was finally beginning to function normally. It was revolutionary work, and not just for her. ''At that time, all the work around learning disabilities was compensatory: break the task down into smaller steps, impart the information in smaller chunks, help students with typewriters and tape recorders. It all started from the premise that the learner was unchangeable. But I was seeing, and proving, that you could change the learner.''
Faced with little or no interest in her ideas, Arrowsmith-Young decided to plough her own furrow. She founded her first school, in Toronto, in 1980. She now has 35 in Canada and the US.
Her organisation is now negotiating with a Sydney school to introduce the program to Australia. Thousands of children diagnosed with ADD or ADHD, dyslexia or dysgraphia, dismissed as impossible to teach, have attended Arrowsmith schools for three or four years, returned to a mainstream school, and gone on to academic and professional success.
''It's because they're not actually any of those things,'' she says. ''They don't really have ADHD or dyslexia. They just have a couple of cognitive pieces that aren't functioning as they should. It's about going beneath the label.''
Over the past five or six years, the educational psychology establishment has started to take more note of Arrowsmith-Young's work.
Respected (and best-selling) psychiatrists and writers such as Norman Doidge and Oliver Sacks have praised her as a pioneer in the young, but immensely promising, field of neuroplasticity. Her dream is for every child to undertake some cognitive work as early as five or six - to pick up, and correct, potential difficulties.
''So much human suffering is caused by this cognitive mismatch with the demands of the task,'' she says. ''So many wrong diagnoses get made, so many children get written off, so many people take wrong decisions.
''And so many people end up in lives and careers they did not choose for themselves, but were chosen for them by cognitive limitations that can be identified and strengthened. The brain can be changed.'' | <urn:uuid:714c460c-4df7-487b-8cb5-f075b2bb00b7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bordermail.com.au/story/72712/a-womans-new-thinking-turns-heads/?c=34 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00484-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983066 | 1,612 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Siege of Constantinople (674–678)
|First Arab Siege of Constantinople|
|Part of the Arab–Byzantine wars|
Map of the environs of Constantinople in Byzantine times
|Umayyad Caliphate||Byzantine Empire|
|Commanders and leaders|
Sufyan ibn Awf †
Junada ibn Abi Umayya
Fadala ibn Ubayd
|Casualties and losses|
The first Arab siege of Constantinople in 674–678 was a major conflict of the Arab–Byzantine wars, and the first culmination of the Umayyad Caliphate's expansionist strategy towards the Byzantine Empire, led by Caliph Mu'awiya I. Mu'awiya, who had emerged in 661 as the ruler of the Muslim Arab empire following a civil war, renewed aggressive warfare against Byzantium after a lapse of some years and hoped to deliver a lethal blow by capturing the Byzantine capital, Constantinople.
As reported by the Byzantine chronicler Theophanes the Confessor, the Arab attack was methodical: in 672–673 Arab fleets secured bases along the coasts of Asia Minor, and then proceeded to install a loose blockade around Constantinople. They used the peninsula of Cyzicus near the city as a base to spend the winter, and returned every spring to launch attacks against the city's fortifications. Finally, the Byzantines, under Emperor Constantine IV, managed to destroy the Arab navy using a new invention, the liquid incendiary substance known as Greek fire. The Byzantines also defeated the Arab land army in Asia Minor, forcing them to lift the siege. The Byzantine victory was of major importance for the survival of the Byzantine state, as the Arab threat receded for a time. A peace treaty was signed soon after, and following the outbreak of another Muslim civil war, the Byzantines even experienced a period of ascendancy over the Caliphate.
The siege left several traces in the legends of the nascent Muslim world, although it is conflated with accounts of another expedition against the city in 669, led by the future Caliph Yazid I. As a result, the veracity of Theophanes's account was questioned in 2010 by Oxford scholar James Howard-Johnston, and more recently by Marek Jankowiak. Their analyses have placed more emphasis on the Arabic and Syriac sources, but have drawn different conclusions about the dating and existence of the siege. On the other hand, echoes of a large-scale siege of Constantinople and a subsequent peace treaty reached China, where they were recorded in later histories of the Tang dynasty.
Following the disastrous Battle of Yarmouk in 636, the Byzantine Empire withdrew the bulk of its remaining forces from the Levant into Asia Minor, which was shielded from the Muslim expansion by the Taurus Mountains. This left the field open for the warriors of the nascent Rashidun Caliphate to complete their conquest of Syria, with Egypt too falling shortly after. Muslim raids against the Cilician frontier zone and deep into Asia Minor began as early as 640, and continued under Mu'awiya, then governor of the Levant. Mu'awiya also spearheaded the development of a Muslim navy, which within a few years grew sufficiently strong to occupy Cyprus and raid as far as Kos, Rhodes and Crete in the Aegean Sea. Finally, the young Muslim navy scored a crushing victory over its Byzantine counterpart in the Battle of Phoenix in 655. Following the murder of Caliph Uthman and the outbreak of the First Muslim Civil War, Arab attacks against Byzantium stopped. In 659, Mu'awiya even concluded a truce with Byzantium, including payment of tribute to the Empire.
The peace lasted until the end of the Muslim civil war in 661, from which Mu'awiya and his clan emerged victorious, establishing the Umayyad Caliphate. From the next year, Muslim attacks recommenced, with pressure mounting as Muslim armies began wintering on Byzantine soil west of the Taurus range, maximizing the disruption caused to the Byzantine economy. These land expeditions were sometimes coupled with naval raids against the coasts of southern Asia Minor. In 668, the Arabs sent aid to Saborios, strategos of the Armeniac Theme, who had rebelled and proclaimed himself emperor. The Arab troops under Fadala ibn Ubayd arrived too late to assist Saborios, who had died after falling from his horse, and they spent the winter in the Hexapolis around Melitene awaiting reinforcements.
In spring 669, after receiving additional troops, Fadala entered Asia Minor and advanced as far as Chalcedon, on the Asian shore of the Bosporus across from the Byzantine capital, Constantinople. The Arab attacks on Chalcedon were repelled, and the Arab army was decimated by famine and disease. Mu'awiya dispatched another army, led by his son (and future Caliph) Yazid, to Fadala's aid. Accounts of what followed differ. The Byzantine chronicler Theophanes the Confessor reports that the Arabs remained before Chalcedon for a while before returning to Syria, and that on their way they captured and garrisoned Amorium. This was the first time the Arabs tried to hold a captured fortress in the interior of Asia Minor beyond the campaigning season, and probably meant that the Arabs intended to return next year and use the town as their base, but Amorium was retaken by the Byzantines during the subsequent winter. Arab sources on the other hand report that the Muslims crossed over into Europe and launched an unsuccessful attack on Constantinople itself, before returning to Syria. Given the lack of any mention of such an assault in Byzantine sources, it is most probable that the Arab chroniclers—taking account of Yazid's presence and the fact that Chalcedon is a suburb of Constantinople—"upgraded" the attack on Chalcedon to an attack on the Byzantine capital itself.
Opening moves: the campaigns of 672 and 673
The campaign of 669 clearly demonstrated to the Arabs the possibility of a direct strike at Constantinople, as well as the necessity of having a supply base in the region. This was found in the peninsula of Cyzicus on the southern shore of the Sea of Marmara, where a raiding fleet under Fadhala ibn 'Ubayd wintered in 670 or 671. Mu'awiya now began preparing his final assault on the Byzantine capital. In contrast to Yazid's expedition, Mu'awiya intended to take a coastal route to Constantinople. The undertaking followed a careful, phased approach: first the Muslims had to secure strongpoints and bases along the coast, and then, with Cyzicus as a base, Constantinople would be blockaded by land and sea and cut off from the agrarian hinterland that supplied its food.
Accordingly, in 672 three great Muslim fleets were dispatched to secure the sea lanes and establish bases between Syria and the Aegean. Muhammad ibn Abdallah's fleet wintered at Smyrna, a fleet under a certain Qays (perhaps Abdallah ibn Qais) wintered in Lycia and Cilicia, and a third fleet, under Khalid, joined them later. According to the report of Theophanes, the Emperor Constantine IV (r. 661–685), upon learning of the Arab fleets' approach, began equipping his own fleet for war. Constantine's armament included siphon-bearing ships intended for the deployment of a newly developed incendiary substance, Greek fire. In 673, another Arab fleet, under Junada ibn Abi Umayya, captured Tarsus in Cilicia, as well as Rhodes. The latter, midway between Syria and Constantinople, was converted into a forward supply base and centre for Muslim naval raids. Its garrison of 12,000 men was regularly rotated back to Syria, a small fleet was attached to it for defence and raiding, and the Arabs even sowed wheat and brought along animals to graze on the island. The Byzantines attempted to obstruct the Arab plans with a naval attack on Egypt, but it was unsuccessful. Throughout this period, overland raids into Asia Minor continued, and the Arab troops wintered on Byzantine soil.
In 674, the Arab fleet sailed from its bases in the eastern Aegean and entered the Sea of Marmara. According to the account of Theophanes, they landed on the Thracian shore near Hebdomon in April, and until September were engaged in constant clashes with the Byzantine troops. As the Byzantine chronicler reports, "Every day there was a military engagement from morning until evening, between the outworks of the Golden Gate and the Kyklobion, with thrust and counter-thrust". Then the Arabs departed and made for Cyzicus, which they captured and converted into a fortified camp to spend the winter. This set the pattern that continued throughout the siege: each spring, the Arabs crossed the Marmara and assaulted Constantinople, withdrawing to Cyzicus for the winter. In fact, the "siege" of Constantinople was a series of engagements around the city, which may even be stretched to include Yazid's 669 attack. Both Byzantine and Arab chroniclers record the siege as lasting for seven years instead of five. This can be reconciled either by including the opening campaigns of 672–673, or by counting the years until the final withdrawal of the Arab troops from their forward bases, in 680.
The details of the clashes around Constantinople are unclear, as Theophanes condenses the siege in his account of the first year, and the Arab chroniclers do not mention the siege at all but merely provide the names of leaders of unspecified expeditions into Byzantine territory. Thus from the Arab sources it is only known that Abdallah ibn Qays and Fadhala ibn 'Ubayd raided Crete and wintered there in 675, while in the same year Malik ibn Abdallah led a raid into Asia Minor. The Arab historians Ibn Wadih and al-Tabari report that Yazid was dispatched by Mu'awiya with reinforcements to Constantinople in 676, and record that Abdallah ibn Qays led a campaign in 677, the target of which is unknown.
At the same time, the preoccupation with the Arab threat had reduced Byzantium's ability to respond to threats elsewhere: in Italy, the Lombards used the opportunity to conquer most of Calabria, including Tarentum and Brundisium, while in the Balkans, a coalition of Slavic tribes attacked the city of Thessalonica and launched seaborne raids in the Aegean, even penetrating into the Sea of Marmara.
Finally, in autumn 677 or early 678 Constantine IV resolved to confront the Arab besiegers in a head-on engagement. His fleet, equipped with Greek fire, routed the Arab fleet. It is probable that the death of admiral Yazid ibn Shagara, reported by Arab chroniclers for 677/678, is related to this defeat. At about the same time, the Muslim army in Asia Minor, under the command of Sufyan ibn 'Awf, was defeated by the Byzantine army under the generals Phloros, Petron and Cyprian, losing 30,000 men according to Theophanes. These defeats forced the Arabs to abandon the siege in 678. On its way back to Syria, the Arab fleet was almost annihilated in a storm off Syllaion.
The essential outline of Theophanes' account may be corroborated by the only near-contemporary Byzantine reference to the siege, a celebratory poem by the otherwise unknown Theodosius Grammaticus, which was earlier believed to refer to the second Arab siege of 717–718. Theodosius' poem commemorates a decisive naval victory before the walls of the city—with the interesting detail that the Arab fleet too possessed fire-throwing ships—and makes a reference to "the fear of their returning shadows", which may be interpreted as confirming the recurring Arab attacks each spring from their base in Cyzicus.
Importance and aftermath
Constantinople was the nerve centre of the Byzantine state. Had it fallen, the empire's remaining provinces would have been unlikely to hold together but would have become easy prey for the Arabs. At the same time, the failure of the Arab attack on Constantinople was a momentous event in itself. It marked the culmination of Mu'awiya's campaign of attrition, which had been pursued steadily since 661. Immense resources were poured into the undertaking, including the creation of a huge fleet. Its failure had similarly important repercussions and represented a major blow to the Caliph's prestige. Conversely, Byzantine prestige reached new heights, especially in the West. Constantine IV received envoys from the Avars and the Balkan Slavs, who bore gifts and congratulations and acknowledging Byzantine supremacy. The subsequent peace also gave a much-needed respite from constant raiding to Asia Minor and allowed the Byzantine state to recover its balance and consolidate itself after the cataclysmic changes of the previous decades.
The failure of the Arabs before Constantinople coincided with the increased activity of the Mardaites, a Christian group living in the mountains of Syria that resisted Muslim control and raided the lowlands. Faced with the new threat and after the immense losses suffered against the Byzantines, Mu'awiya began negotiations for a truce, with embassies exchanged between the two courts. They were drawn out until 679, which gave the Arabs time for a last raid into Asia Minor under 'Amr ibn Murra, perhaps intended to put pressure on the Byzantines. The peace treaty, of a nominal 30-year duration, provided that Caliph would pay an annual tribute of 300,000 nomismata, 50 horses and 50 slaves. The Arab garrisons were withdrawn from their bases on the Byzantine coastlands, including Rhodes, in 679–680.
Soon after the Arab retreat from his capital, Constantine IV quickly sent an expedition against the Slavs in the area of Thessalonica, curtailed their piracy, relieved the city and restored imperial control over the city's surroundings. After the conclusion of peace, he moved against the mounting Bulgar menace in the Balkans, but his huge army, comprising all the available forces of the empire, was decisively beaten, which opened the way for the establishment of a Bulgar state in the northeastern Balkans.
In the Muslim world, after the death of Mu'awiya in 680, the various forces of opposition within the Caliphate manifested themselves. The Caliphate's division during the Second Muslim Civil War allowed Byzantium to achieve not only peace but also a position of predominance on its eastern frontier. Armenia and Iberia reverted for a time to Byzantine control, and Cyprus became a condominium between Byzantium and the Caliphate. The peace lasted until Constantine IV's son and successor, Justinian II (r. 685–695, 705–711), broke it in 693, with devastating consequences since the Byzantines were defeated, Justinian was deposed and a twenty-year period of anarchy followed. Muslim incursions intensified, leading to a second Arab attempt at conquering Constantinople in 717–718, which also proved unsuccessful.
Later Arab sources dwell extensively on the events of Yazid's 669 expedition and supposed attack on Constantinople, including various mythical anecdotes, which are taken by modern scholarship to refer to the events of the 674–678 siege. Several important personalities of early Islam are mentioned as taking part, such as Ibn Abbas, Ibn Umar and Ibn al-Zubayr. The most prominent among them in later tradition is Abu Ayyub al-Ansari, one of the early companions (Anṣār) and standard-bearer of Muhammad, who died of illness before the city walls during the siege and was buried there. According to Muslim tradition, Constantine IV threatened to destroy his tomb, but the Caliph warned that if he did so, the Christians under Muslim rule would suffer. Thus the tomb was left in peace, and even became a site of veneration by the Byzantines, who prayed there in times of drought. The tomb was "rediscovered" after the Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks in 1453 by the dervish Sheikh Ak Shams al-Din, and Sultan Mehmed II (r. 1444–1446, 1451–1481) ordered the construction of a marble tomb and a mosque adjacent to it. It became a tradition that Ottoman sultans were girt with the Sword of Osman at the Eyüp mosque upon their accession. Today it remains one of the holiest Muslim shrines in Istanbul.
This siege is even mentioned in the Chinese dynastic histories of the Old Book of Tang and New Book of Tang. They record that the large, well-fortified capital city of Fu lin (拂菻, i.e. Byzantium) was besieged by the Da shi (大食, i.e. the Umayyad Arabs) and their commander "Mo-yi" (Chinese: 摩拽伐之, Pinyin: Mó zhuāi fá zhī), who Friedrich Hirth has identified as Mu'awiya. The Chinese histories then explain that the Arabs forced the Byzantines to pay tribute afterwards as part of a peace settlement. In these Chinese sources, Fu lin was directly related to the earlier Daqin, which is now considered by modern sinologists as the Roman Empire. Henry Yule remarked with some surprise the accuracy of the account in Chinese sources, which even named the negotiator of the peace settlement as "Yenyo", or Ioannes Pitzigaudes, the unnamed envoy sent to Damascus in Edward Gibbon's account in which he mentions an augmentation of tributary payments a few years later due to the Umayyads facing some financial troubles.
Modern reassessment of events
The narrative of the siege accepted by modern historians relies largely on Theophanes' account, while the Arab and Syriac sources do not mention any siege but rather individual campaigns, only a few of which reached as far as Constantinople. Thus the capture of an island named Arwad "in the sea of Kustantiniyya" is recorded for 673/674, but it is unclear if it refers to the Sea of Marmara or the Aegean, and Yazid's 676 expedition is also said to have reached Constantinople. The Syriac chroniclers also disagree with Theophanes in placing the decisive battle and destruction of the Arab fleet by Greek fire in 674 during an Arab expedition against the coasts of Lycia and Cilicia, rather than Constantinople. That was followed by the landing of Byzantine forces in Syria in 677/678, which began the Mardaite uprising that threatened the Caliphate's grip on Syria enough to result in the peace agreement of 678/679.
Constantin Zuckerman believes that an obscure passage in Cosmas of Jerusalem's commentary on Gregory of Nazianzus, written in the early eighth century, must refer to the Arab blockade of Constantinople. It mentions how Constantine IV had ships driven (probably on wheels) across the Thracian Chersonese from the Aegean to the Sea of Marmara, a major undertaking for imperial navy ships that makes sense only if the Dardanelles was blocked by the Arabs at Cyzicus.
Based on a re-evaluation of the original sources used by the medieval historians, the Oxford scholar James Howard-Johnston, in his 2010 book Witnesses to a World Crisis: Historians and Histories of the Middle East in the Seventh Century, rejects the traditional interpretation of events, based on Theophanes, in favour of the Syriac chroniclers' version. Howard-Johnston asserts that no siege actually took place because of not only its absence in the eastern sources but also the logistical impossibility of such an undertaking for the duration reported. Instead, he believes that the reference to a siege was a later interpolation, influenced by the events of the second Arab siege of 717–718, by an anonymous source that was later used by Theophanes. According to Howard-Johnston, "The blockade of Constantinople in the 670s is a myth which has been allowed to mask the very real success achieved by the Byzantines in the last decade of Mu'awiya’s caliphate, first by sea off Lycia and then on land, through an insurgency which, before long, aroused deep anxiety among the Arabs, conscious as they were that they had merely coated the Middle East with their power".
On the other hand, the historian Marek Jankowiak argues that a major Arab siege occurred but that Theophanes (writing about 140 years after the events, based on an anonymous source, which was itself written about 50 years after the events) misdated and garbled the events and that the proper dating of the siege should be 667–669, with the spring of 668 having the major attack.
- Kaegi 2008, pp. 369ff..
- Lilie 1976, pp. 60–68.
- Treadgold 1997, pp. 303–307, 310, 312–313.
- Kaegi 2008, p. 372.
- Lilie 1976, pp. 64–68.
- Treadgold 1997, pp. 312–313.
- Lilie 1976, p. 68.
- Lilie 1976, p. 69.
- Treadgold 1997, p. 318.
- Kaegi 2008, pp. 373, 375.
- Lilie 1976, pp. 69–71.
- Treadgold 1997, p. 320.
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- Lilie 1976, pp. 72–74, 90.
- Treadgold 1997, p. 325.
- Lilie 1976, pp. 73–74.
- Lilie 1976, p. 75.
- Mango & Scott 1997, p. 492.
- Lilie 1976, p. 76 (note #61).
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- Lilie 1976, pp. 90–91.
- Lilie 1976, pp. 75, 90–91.
- Mango & Scott 1997, p. 493.
- Lilie 1976, pp. 76–77.
- Lilie 1976, pp. 74–76.
- Haldon 1990, p. 64.
- Lilie 1976, pp. 77–78.
- Mango & Scott 1997, pp. 493–494.
- Mango & Scott 1997, p. 494 (note #3).
- Lilie 1976, p. 80 (note #73).
- Brooks 1898, pp. 187–188.
- Lilie 1976, pp. 78–79.
- Mango & Scott 1997, p. 494.
- Lilie 1976, pp. 79–80.
- Mango & Scott 1997, p. 495.
- Treadgold 1997, pp. 326–327.
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- Olster 1995, pp. 23–28.
- Romano, Licia (2010). Proceedings of the 6th International Congress of the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East: 5 May-10 May 2009, "Sapienza", Universita di Roma. ISBN 9783447062176.
- Lilie 1976, p. 91.
- Lilie 1976, pp. 80–81, 89–91.
- Haldon 1990, p. 66.
- Haldon (1990), p. 64; Kaegi (2008), pp. 381–382; Lilie (1976), pp. 81–82 and Treadgold (1997), p. 327
- Kaegi 2008, pp. 381–382.
- Lilie 1976, pp. 81–82.
- Treadgold 1997, p. 327.
- Stratos 1978, pp. 87–88.
- Lilie 1976, p. 83.
- Treadgold 1997, pp. 328–329.
- Lilie 1976, pp. 99–107.
- Treadgold 1997, pp. 330–332.
- Kaegi 2008, pp. 382–385.
- Lilie 1976, pp. 107–132.
- Treadgold 1997, pp. 334–349.
- Canard 1926, pp. 70–71.
- El-Cheikh 2004, p. 62.
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- Paul Halsall (2000) . Jerome S. Arkenberg (ed.). "East Asian History Sourcebook: Chinese Accounts of Rome, Byzantium and the Middle East, c. 91 B.C.E. – 1643 C.E." Fordham.edu. Fordham University. Retrieved 2016-09-10..
- Jenkins 2008, pp. 64–68.
- Foster 1939, p. 3.
- Yule 1915, pp. 48–49 (esp. note #1).
- Brooks 1898, pp. 186–188.
- Howard-Johnston 2010, pp. 302–303, 492–495.
- Stratos 1983, pp. 90–95.
- Zuckerman 1995.
- Howard-Johnston 2010, pp. 303–304.
- Jankowiak 2013, pp. 237–320.
- Brooks, E.W. (1898). "The Arabs in Asia Minor (641–750), from Arabic Sources". The Journal of Hellenic Studies. The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies. XVIII: 182–208. doi:10.2307/623724. JSTOR 623724.
- Canard, Marius (1926). "Les expéditions des Arabes contre Constantinople dans l'histoire et dans la légende" [The Expeditions of the Arabs Against Constantinople in History and Legend]. Journal Asiatique (in French) (208): 61–121. ISSN 0021-762X.
- El-Cheikh, Nadia Maria (2004). Byzantium Viewed by the Arabs. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard Center for Middle Eastern Studies. ISBN 978-0-932885-30-2.
- Foster, John (1939). The Church of the T'ang Dynasty. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. OCLC 3790642.
- Haldon, John F. (1990). Byzantium in the Seventh Century: The Transformation of a Culture. Revised Edition. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521319171.
- Howard-Johnston, James (2010). Witnesses to a World Crisis: Historians and Histories of the Middle East in the Seventh Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-920859-3.
- Jankowiak, Marek (2013). "The First Arab Siege of Constantinople". In Zuckerman, Constantin (ed.). Travaux et mémoires, Vol. 17: Constructing the Seventh Century. Paris: Association des Amis du Centre d’Histoire et Civilisation de Byzance. pp. 237–320.
- Jenkins, Philip (2008). The Lost History of Christianity: the Thousand-Year Golden Age of the Church in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia – and How It Died. New York: Harper Collins. ISBN 978-0-06-147280-0.
- Kaegi, Walter E. (2008). "Confronting Islam: Emperors versus Caliphs (641–c. 850)". In Shepard, Jonathan (ed.). The Cambridge History of the Byzantine Empire c. 500–1492. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 365–394. ISBN 978-0-52-183231-1.
- Lilie, Ralph-Johannes (1976). Die byzantinische Reaktion auf die Ausbreitung der Araber. Studien zur Strukturwandlung des byzantinischen Staates im 7. und 8. Jhd [Byzantine Reaction to the Expansion of the Arabs. Studies on the Structural Change of the Byzantine State in the 7th and 8th Cent.] (in German). Munich: Institut für Byzantinistik und Neugriechische Philologie der Universität München. OCLC 797598069.
- Mango, Cyril; Scott, Roger (1997). The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor. Byzantine and Near Eastern History, AD 284–813. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-822568-3.
- Olster, David (1995). "Theodosius Grammaticus and the Arab Siege of 674-78". Byzantinoslavica. 56 (1): 23–28. ISSN 0007-7712.
- Stratos, Andreas N. (1978). Byzantium in the Seventh Century, Volume IV: 668–685. Amsterdam: Adolf M. Hakkert. ISBN 9789025606657.
- Stratos, Andreas N. (1983). "Siège ou blocus de Constantinople sous Constantin IV" [Siege or Blockade of Constantinople under Constantine IV]. Jahrbuch der österreichischen Byzantinistik (in French). Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. 33: 89–107. ISSN 0378-8660.
- Treadgold, Warren (1997). A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-2630-2.
- Turnbull, Stephen (2004). The Walls of Constantinople, AD 324–1453. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-759-8.
- Yule, Henry (1915). Cathay and the Way Thither: Being a Collection of Medieval Notices of China, Vol I: Preliminary Essay on the Intercourse Between China and the Western Nations Previous to the Discovery of the Cape Route. London: Hakluyt Society.
- Zuckerman, Constantin (1995). "A Gothia in the Hellespont in the Early Eighth Century". Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies. 19 (1): 234–241. doi:10.1179/030701395790836649.
- Radic, Radivoj (2008). "Two Arabian sieges of Constantinople (674–678; 717/718)". Encyclopedia of the Hellenic World, Constantinople. Foundation of the Hellenic World. Retrieved 9 July 2012. | <urn:uuid:105265e7-6b73-433d-b3b9-f19ec4b0bdd3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Syllaeum | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.907241 | 6,741 | 3.25 | 3 |
YSpeak provides numerous functions that eases the work which the user has to perform.
It speaks typed text in any of 25 voices, both male and female. The user has a choice of having the text spoken word-by-word, by line, by sentence, or when requested by the user.
The text can be customized in any of the available fonts and font sizes, colors and styles. iBook users will like the inverted text option that lets others read the text when the iBook display is folded back. The text may also be displayed in negative form.
YSpeak contains 2 dictionaries, one with 1000 of the most commonly used words, and one with 25,000 words. When the user starts typing, YSpeak instructs the dictionaries to look for the words and to display possible selections in a separate window. YSpeak also attempts to predict the next word to be typed.
Other features included in YSpeak:
- Five word lists that allow up to 35 words to be entered by typing a single key.
- An on-screen keyboard for those who have difficulty using a standard keyboard.
- Forty-two on-screen buttons that speak user-defined phrases that may be entered phonetically, allowing the use of any language.
- The ability to save to a Disk File in a format that can be read by all word processing programs.
When not in use for a period of time, the program also provides a screen saver that is compatible with energy-saving devices on laptop and desktop computers.
YSpeak is designed to be easy to use. The functions can be accessed by pull-down menus, through on-screen buttons, or with the use of the Function keys. Previous settings are stored and load when the program starts, or they can be cleared by pressing one key.
In addition, YSpeak can be customized by users to better fit their particular needs.
Please read the documentation or visit the home page for much more detailed instructions and information.
YSpeak is designed to run on the Apple iBook laptop and on any Macintosh laptop, iMac or desktop computer with a minimum screen resolution of 800x600 pixels. YSpeak is fully compatible with Apple's disability extensions to the operating system. More information on these is available at: http://www.apple.com/education/k12/disability | <urn:uuid:92c05d8d-5262-4c7f-afe5-b3f2b2673708> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://tucows.com/preview/205255/YSpeak | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00332-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.921283 | 489 | 2.359375 | 2 |
According to Microsoft, there are two methods to fix a C:/Windows/system32/cmd.exe error: boot the computer into safe mode, then troubleshoot to determine the cause of the issue, or perform a system restore. C:/Windows/system32/cmd.exe errors are frequently caused by misconfigured system files.Continue Reading
To boot a computer into safe mode, all external hard drives must be removed before restarting the computer. Once the computer boots back up, press and hold the F8 key to access safe mode.
To perform a clean boot in Windows 8, use the search option and type "msconfig". On the Services tab, check "Hide All Microsoft Services," and select "Disable All". Then select "Open Task Manager" in the Startup tab. Select "Disable". Apply the changes, and restart the computer.Learn more about Software | <urn:uuid:53da614e-9433-4134-a55a-a79f0978c03b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.reference.com/technology/fix-c-windows-system32-cmd-exe-ba656a7abfdd9a84 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00343-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.798416 | 179 | 2.671875 | 3 |
A version of this post appears at Phil Ferguson’s ‘Skeptic Money’ blog.
In the past I have spoken, a couple of times actually, about the phenomenon of “regression to the mean”. Basically, this describes the process where repeated observations tend to distribute around the average value. Extreme values – those that lie far away from the average – tend to ‘move’ toward the middle. However, if you’re looking from the perspective of this extreme value, it might look like movement toward the middle is you losing something. It’s a completely understandable misapprehension, borne from a lack of ability to see the full field from any perspective other than your own (also known as privilege).
I’ve talked about this issue in terms of religious privilege – the mistaken belief that religious people are being “persecuted” when secular authority insists on enforcing laws equally for everyone, instead of giving the majority religious group their accustomed preferential treatment. However, it’s easier to spot this phenomenon in the case of what is called “reverse racism”. My problem with this term is twofold: first, it makes the assumption that “racism” is from white people to people of colour (PoCs), and anything else is the “reverse” of normal; second, it’s patently ridiculous. While it is undoubtedly true that white people face racial discrimination at an individual level, they still comprise the majority group in this part of the world (and hold a great deal of power in others).
And yet, whenever one talks about any step being taken to either treat white people according to the same standard that everyone else is treated, or to allow targeted preferential treatment for marginalized ethnic groups, the cry of “reverse racism” goes up, and it appears to have taken deep root in the common psyche:
Whites believe that they have replaced blacks as the primary victims of racial discrimination in contemporary America, according to a new study from researchers at Tufts University’s School of Arts and Sciences and Harvard Business School. The findings, say the authors, show that America has not achieved the “post-racial” society that some predicted in the wake of Barack Obama’s election.
Both whites and blacks agree that anti-black racism has decreased over the last 60 years, according to the study. However, whites believe that anti-white racism has increased and is now a bigger problem than anti-black racism.
I’m going to be honest with you: I didn’t think that the average person was this dumb. Given what we know about rates of incarceration, employment, home ownership, relative wealth, and proposed legislations that disproportionately target PoCs, I thought for sure that people would realize that it’s still a burden to be dark-skinned in the United States. However, it seems as though white America (if you’ll forgive the term) has bought wholesale into the idea that, despite all indications, they are the group most discriminated against.
It is centrally important to note that this about perceived racial discrimination, not observed. This cannot be used to demonstrate the actual existence of racism against white people, let alone to the extent that it outweighs racism against blacks or latinos. These kinds of findings are useful only in understanding what the public perception of a phenomenon is – not the strength of the phenomenon. We should be, and have reason to be, extremely skeptical of the claim that white people are the most discriminated against ethnic group – they disproportionately represent the political and economic power in the United States, and it would be quite something if that’s somehow completely reversed out among ‘the little people’.
Perhaps the most interesting and potentially revealing finding from the study, and potentially a place where work can be done, is this:
Both within each decade and across time, White respondents were more likely to see decreases in bias against Blacks as related to increases in bias against Whites—consistent with a zero- sum view of racism among Whites—whereas Blacks were less likely to see the two as linked.
Whereas both groups tended to see anti-black discrimination decreasing over the years, blacks saw this as the two groups getting closer together. Whites, on the other hand, seem to view any improvement of non-white groups as taking ‘their’ resources away. In essence, there have to be winners and losers in the game of life, and if black people are getting closer to winning then whites must be losing by definition.
The problem with this type of reasoning is that it is entirely possible for groups to grow and improve together. A higher rate of, for example, black home ownership means a reduction in crime, improvements in education, and increased entrepreneurship. This means a stronger economy, as white and black consumers alike begin innovating and producing more wealth. Having a large group of poor black people means not only that racial groups stay segregated, but that the status quo of black people on the bottom remains (with all the negative aspects associated with that).
It is entirely possible that minority ethnic groups have become more vocal in their criticism of white people. Most of this criticism comes in the form that you see here – description of phenomena that fall along racial lines that are not due to inherent genetic differences between groups but where those trivial genetic differences collide with social structures. Some of this is due to the fact that PoCs are less afraid of speaking up and becoming politically active. Some of it, to be sure, is legitimate anti-white racism based on resentment or misunderstandings of history or whatever dumb reasons anyone has to be racist.
However, the mere existence of legitimate anti-white racism does not grant the majority group the victim status. What we’re seeing is the idea of “reverse racism” coming to full fruition – white people aren’t supposed to be discriminated against, and therefore any discrimination is the worst thing that’s ever happened. Hopefully by learning to re-frame racial issues in terms of mutual benefit for all groups, we can begin to finally do away with this oh-so-stupid of ideas.
Like this article? Follow me on Twitter! | <urn:uuid:ccb69956-1b1b-4cc5-a547-a4c23bfe2a6d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://freethoughtblogs.com/crommunist/2011/06/01/mining-the-depths-of-reverse-racism/?ak_action=force_mobile | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988722951.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183842-00209-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964256 | 1,280 | 2.25 | 2 |
The eye tracking company Tobii had some VR demos that they were showing on the GDC Expo Hall floor as well as within Valve’s booth. They were primarily focusing on the new user interaction paradigms that are made available by using eye gazing to select specific objects, direct action, but also locomotion determined by eye gaze. I had a chance to catch up with Johan Hellqvist, VP products and integrations at Tobii, where we discussed some of the eye tracking applications being demoed. We also had a deeper discussion about what type of eye tracking data should be recorded and the consent that application developers should secure before capturing and storing it.
LISTEN TO THE VOICES OF VR PODCAST
One potential application that Hellqvist suggested was amplifying someone’s eye dilation in a social VR context as a way of broadcasting engagement and interest. He said that there isn’t explicit science to connect dilation with someone’s feelings, but this example brought up an interesting point about what type of data from an eye tracker should or should not be shared or recorded.
Hellqvist says that from Tobii’s perspective that application developers should get explicit consent about any type of eye tracking data that they want to capture and store. He says, “From Tobii’s side, we should be really, really cautious about using eye tracking data to spread around. We separate using eye tracking data for interaction… it’s important for the user to know that’s just being consumed in the device and it’s not being sent [and stored]. But if they want to send it, then there should be user acceptance.”
Hellqvist says our eye gaze is semi-conscious data that we have limited control over, and that this is something that will ultimately be up to each application developer as to what to do with that data. Tobii has a separate part of their business that does market research with eye tracking data, but he cautions that using eye tracking within consumer applications is a completely different context than market research that should require explicit consent.
Hellqvist says, “It’s important to realize that when you do consumer equipment and consumer programs that the consumer knows that his or her gaze information is kept under control. So we really want from Tobii’s side, if you use the gaze for interaction then you don’t need the user’s approval, but then it needs to be kept on the device so it’s not getting sent away. But it should be possible that if the user wants to use their data for more things, then that’s something that Tobii is working on in parallel.”
Tobii will be actively working with the OpenXR standardization initiative to see if it makes sense to put some of these user consent flags within the OpenXR API. In talking with other representatives from OpenXR about privacy I got the sense that the OpenXR APIs will be a lot lower level than these types of application-specific requirements. So we’ll have to wait for OpenXR’s next update in the next 6-12 months as to whether or not Tobii was able to formalize any type of privacy protocols and controls within the OpenXR standard.
Overall, Tobii’s and SMI VR demos that I saw at GDC proved to me that there are a lot of really compelling social presence, user interface, and rendering applications of eye tracking. However, there are still a lot of open questions around the intimate data that will be available to application developers and the privacy and consent protocols that will inform users and provide them with some level of transparency and control. It’s an important topic, and I’m glad that Tobii is leading an effort to bring some more awareness to this issue within the OpenXR standardization process. | <urn:uuid:95b394d3-d072-4ce3-bb71-5b25fb534aa2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://send106.com/tobii-recommends-explicit-consent-for-recording-eye-tracking-data-road-to-vr/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.956588 | 807 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Legends of Kalamazoo is a touring drum and bugle corps made up of 15 to 22-year-olds who perform and compete with a variety of instruments and pageantry-like movement.
This past summer, two buses of staff and students and two semi-trucks that haul instruments, equipment and a kitchen pulled into the Cedarburg, Wisconsin High School parking lot for a performance and competition on their annual tour.
Ibe Sodawalla, Executive Director and CEO for the Legends Performing Arts Association started the group in 2006 to build performing ensembles through the marching arts for students in the southwest Michigan region. They have programs for seventh grade through age 22. Clair Miller is in her third year marching on baritone. Her first instrument was clarinet at Western Michigan University.
“I’ve always been into marching band and music and I learn a lot of things every day, not just about the show," she says. "I learn about how to be organized, how to stay focused, how to interact with other people, how to deal with the stressful days and how to celebrate the days that we have a really awesome rehearsal.”
Stephen Alia is the program coordinator and visual designer for the corps.
“There’s generally three major sections, We have a brass section, which is made up of bell front brass instruments, trumpets, mellophones--which are like marching French horns, baritones and euphoniums, which are kind of like trombones or baritones that you might see in a concert band, but a marching version of that, as well as tubas that are held on the shoulder. The second section is the percussion section. It’s divided into two groups. We have what’s called the battery, which are the drums that the performers wear and march with on the field and then, we have the front line, which are instruments like xylophones and marimbas, timpani keyboards. Then the third section is the color guard, performers that dance as well as spin equipment. They spin flag, rifle and saber through the show. Those three groups together combined to make Legends Drum and Bugle Corps.”
Sodawalla says that the sole purpose of the corps is to give a great educational and music experience to students and in the process to engage and excite an audience through their production.
“The Legends Drum and Bugle Corps, we compete and perform with the Drum Corps International circuit over the summer. That group actually starts doing auditions in November and December," she says. "We do rehearsal once a month, January through May. And, then, we get together and do all day rehearsals for about 20 days. And we hit the road and do tour through July and the first two weeks of August.” | <urn:uuid:ecfbf320-f73b-4f9d-aa36-7752626678ae> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://wmuk.org/post/legends-drum-bugle-corps-takes-marching-band-road | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00002-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972086 | 587 | 1.65625 | 2 |
July 9, 2014 - Bipartisan legislation introduced yesterday by Reps. Marsha Blackburn (R-Tenn.) and Kurt Schrader (D-Ore.) would help promote savings in commercial buildings and residential homes through the use of more cost-effective energy codes, which set energy efficiency baselines for buildings, according to the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB).
“By requiring that any code or proposal supported by the Department of Energy has a payback of 10 years or less, the bill would allow home owners to invest in energy-efficient windows, lighting and other features that will significantly reduce their utility bills,” said NAHB Chairman Kevin Kelly, a home builder and developer from Wilmington, Del.
In addition to accelerating cost-savings for home owners, the Energy Savings and Building Efficiency Act (H.R. 5027) stipulates that the Department of Energy would serve as a technical advisor in the development of energy codes and prohibit the agency from advocating for certain technologies, building materials or construction practices.
“The agency’s strong suit is technical analysis and its calculations on payback and efficiency can help code officials make more informed decisions and result in cost-effective code change proposals,” said Kelly. “That transparency leads to better building.”
Specifically, the bill would ensure that all Department of Energy code change proposals are:
Made available to the public, including calculations on costs and savings;
Subject to the official rulemaking process, allowing for public comment; and
Taking into account small business concerns.
“This bill will help ensure that new homes become increasingly energy efficient, but not at a pace that the market cannot bear,” said John Floyd, principal of Ole South Properties in Nashville. “Our buyers want to be assured that the additional cost comes with a reasonable payback so they can recoup the money they spent.” | <urn:uuid:c0016527-7795-4705-92e9-39445306d5aa> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.pressreleasepoint.com/bipartisan-energy-codes-bill-boon-consumers | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00428-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946839 | 388 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Romanians will benefit from an eco-voucher worth EUR 6,500 for buying an electric car or vehicle with a zero pollution degree, according to a Ministry of Environment’s draft project which needs approval. The budget covers 100 eco-tickets.
The state also needs to implement in the following years a program which aims to install 10,000 outlets for charging electric cars. Romania has now about 50 such devices, according to Adrian Gearap, president of the Environment Fund Administration.
The number of eco-cars sold in Romania in the first quarter of the year reached 59 units. Only one of these was an electric car, while the rest were hybrids. | <urn:uuid:5ad73bc3-356c-4235-a339-29ce2c1ef97a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.emove360.com/romania-supports-eco-cars-purchase-with-new-voucher-program/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.957203 | 148 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Cowboy Junkies Biography
Last updated: 04/26/2007
The Cowboy Junkies had a long road to go down to become a band. Born and raised in Toronto, Michael Timmins and his childhood friend, Alan Anton (originally Alan Alizojvodic) played in the band Hunger Project. Forming in 1979, Hunger Project was not a successful pairing for the guys. Anton and Timmins went to England and became part of an instrumental band titled Germinal. Germinal was the type of music that, as Michael said, "Even we didn't want to listen to it."
After leaving Germinal Timmins and Anton headed back to Toronto in 1984. They started playing with Timmin's brother, Pete. Pete, like his brother and Anton, was self taught on his instrument, the drums. They rented a house and played in the garage, which affectionally became known as Studio 547. The guys liked what they were doing together and started looking for a lead singer when Michael turned to his sister, Margo. Margo, who was working as a social worker, would not sing in front of the guys, she would only sing in front of Michael. Eventually Michael got Margo to sing in front of the other band members and they liked what they heard.
When it came to naming themselves, they came up with "Cowboy Junkies." The name didn't mean anything, they just thought that it would get attention. In 1986 the Junkies released their first album on their own label, Latent. Whites Off Earth Now is once again a name that the Junkies just made up to attract attention. They recorded the album in Studio 547 using one microphone. They didn't stop there and moved on to The Trinity Session.
The Trinity Session was recorded around one microphone in The Holy Trinity church in downtown Toronto. The Junkies had never been able to play with all of the musicians at the same time before the recording session, but in the bands words, something magical happened. "We just happened to be lucky enough to have a tape deck running."
Trinity Session was followed up in 1989 with The Caution Horses and then 1991's Black Eyed Man. The band continued to receive critical acclaim for their music. The Caution Horses kept the same stripped down town of Trinity, while Black Eyed Man took on more of a country feel. 1993 brought about Pale Sun, Crescent Moon, an album that played heavily on rock and blues. One critic went as far as to call this album one of the top ten rock albums of all time.
Pale Sun, Crescent Moon also marked the end of the Cowboy Junkies' relationship with RCA. They decided to make the switch to Geffen for Lay It Down, but not before RCA honored the band with Studio and 200 More Miles.
Studio was a compilation of favorite studio songs, while 200 More Miles was a two CD set that chronicled the band's live music over their first decade. For Lay It Down, the band stripped down to the essentials and added fewer musicians into the mix. 1998 brought about Miles From Our Home, recorded in an old mill that Michael rented.
Cowboy Junkies have enjoyed the type of success that few bands manage to achieve. Critical acclaim. The Junkies have very quietly put out nine albums, 7 of which were completely new material, with record sales reaching more than four million. To put that in perspective, the Rumours-era Fleetwood Mac, one of the biggest selling bands in history, also released nine albums, but only five of those were new material. Cowboy Junkies have achieved the success that all bands dream of, and they have done it on their own terms. | <urn:uuid:e5ac035a-cd3d-4721-8e50-fd6010803d6d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.sing365.com/music/lyric.nsf/Cowboy-Junkies-Biography/A91327299F7FA23C48256A850010FA6A | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00133-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984299 | 758 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Internet Explorer (IE) displays an Information Bar when it takes steps to protect a computer against online security threats. Those steps, however, may block access to pop-up windows and other material that you want to view.
Pop-ups are small windows that suddenly appear on web sites. They usually are a nuisance, displaying unwanted advertising messages. Click to close one and another and another may lurk underneath.
Some pop-ups, however, are useful. When you click on an image to enlarge it, for instance, the bigger version often arrives in a pop-up window. If you re buying airline or concert tickets online, the chart for seat selection may open in a pop-up window.
Obviously, getting control over the Information Bar is important.
The bar has been a feature on IE since 2004. It was a part of the suite of new security features and other updates in Windows Service Pack 2. However, it continues to puzzle some computer users for several reasons.
For one, the bar usually is invisible. To avoid cluttering IE, Microsoft designed the bar to appear only when a security threat occurs. The bar also is hard to see. It appears and disappears fast, in a small window right below the address bar.
An alert tone does sound to call attention to the bar. That s fine if the computer s sound is turned on and if you can figure out what the tone means. The bar displays a message explaining what s going on. However, the type is small and some people have difficulty reading it. Others ignore it, assuming that any message that small is not important.
Watch for the bar and the alert tone when working online.
Once you see it, a mouse click on the bar will yield more information explaining what happened. You ll discover, for instance, that IE has blocked popup window or stopped a web site from downloading a file to your computer. Then you can decide what to do on a case-by-case basis.
That file download may be video or other animated content that you requested from a web site. It also could be spyware, a program that will collect information from your computer and send it to spammers.
You also can configure the security settings that trigger the bar. For pop-up windows, for instance, click Tools on the IE toolbar. In the drop-down menu, select Popup Blocker Settings.
I found that the pop-up blocker was preventing me from accessing certain features of my online banking site. It happened, of course, when I had to transfer money from one account to another fast to keep checks from bouncing. There was a lot of fussing and fuming before I discovered the problem.
I solved it permanently by adding my bank s Internet address to the Allowed sites in the settings window. Add as many sites as you wish.
More information about using the bar is at (www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/using/web/sp2_infobar.mspx).
Guidelines: Please keep your comments smart and civil. Don't attack other readers personally, and keep your language decent. Comments that violate these standards, or our privacy statement or visitor's agreement, are subject to being removed and commenters are subject to being banned. To post comments, you must be a registered user on toledoblade.com. To find out more, please visit the FAQ. | <urn:uuid:78d63b6f-1e64-4e3e-8ced-a951c27acaea> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.toledoblade.com/Opinion/2005/02/12/Control-pop-ups-at-the-bar.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00222-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937242 | 691 | 2.375 | 2 |
Cold and flu season is definitely upon us, but before you run out and stock your shelves with anti-bacterial products, it’s important to understand if they’re really that good for your immune system. So, we asked a pro to dish on the merits of antibacterial products, plus share some all-natural tips for beating the cold and flu!
Q: ARE HAND SANITIZERS SAFE? I HEARD THEY COULD CREATE SUPERBUGS AND BE WORSE FOR YOU IN THE LONG RUN.
A: In a pinch, a squirt and a rub from the ubiquitous sanitizing dispensers is fine, but if you overuse, you will get into trouble! One of the ingredients in these products is something called triclosan, which is a synthetic, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent that has been shown in studies to not only be a “hormone disruptor” but to kill only “weak” bacteria and favor the tolerant and other lineages of bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics, therefore contributing to the ever mutating “superbugs”.
Q: Is there anything that is a safe alternative to portable hand sanitizers?
A: Yes! I like to take about 2 ounces of witch hazel and add about 10 drops of Lavender for a sanitizer on the go. Lavender has many anti-microbial properties
For an all around home remedy, coconut oil actually does the trick and is wonderful as a moisturizer! | <urn:uuid:014f8669-e51d-423d-8875-531ece1bde16> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://thechalkboardmag.com/cold-and-flu-season-101-all-natural-and-antibacterial | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00573-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933604 | 315 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Pledging Allegiance to the Omnipotent Lincolnian State
The US Supreme Courtís recent decision to review the constitutionality of the "under God" wording in the Pledge of Allegiance provides an occasion to educate Americans about the ideological purpose of the Pledge. A good place to start would be John Baerís book, The Pledge of Allegiance: A Centennial History, 1892-1992 (Free State Press, 1992). In it one would learn that the author of the Pledge was one Francis Bellamy, a defrocked Baptist minister from Boston who identified himself as a Christian Socialist and who preached in his pulpit that "Jesus was a socialist."
Bellamy was the cousin of Edward Bellamy, author of the extremely popular 1888 socialist fantasy, Looking Backward. In this novel the main character, Julian West, falls asleep in 1887 and awakens in the year 2000 when the socialist "utopia" has been achieved: All industry is state owned, Soviet style; everyone is an employee of the state who is conscripted at age 21 and retires at age 45; and all workers earn the same income.
Francis Bellamy said that one purpose of the Pledge of Allegiance was to help accomplish his lifelong goal of making his cousinís socialist fantasy a reality in America. He further stated that the "true reason for allegiance to the Flag" was to indoctrinate American school children in the false history of the American founding that was espoused first by Daniel Webster and, later, by Abraham Lincoln.
Lincoln falsely claimed that the states were never sovereign and that the union created the states, not the other way around. (But as Joe Sobran has remarked, the notion that the union is older than the states makes as much sense as the idea that a marriage can be older than either spouse. It is impossible for a union of two things to be older than either of the things it is a union of).
The truth is that in all of the American founding documents, including the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution, the states refer to themselves as "free and independent." The Treaty of Paris that ended the Revolutionary War was a treaty with the individual, free and independent states, not "the whole people" of the United States.
The citizens of the states understood that they were sovereign over the federal government, not the other way around, as Lincoln absurdly claimed. The sovereign states delegated a few enumerated powers to the central government, as their agent, while maintaining sovereignty for themselves.
Despite Lincolnís effort to destroy the system of federalism and statesí rights that was championed by Jefferson and other founders by waging total war on the South, many Americans still believed in the Jeffersonian statesí rights ideal as of the 1880s. Despite all the death and destruction of the war, and several subsequent decades of Lincolnian propaganda about the alleged evils of statesí rights, many Americans still viewed federalism and statesí rights as a safeguard against federal tyranny Ė just as the American founding fathers, especially Jefferson, had done.
Francis Bellamy was alarmed by this, for he understood perfectly well that the first step along the way to his socialist utopia was a consolidated or unitary state, just like the one Bismarck had created in Germany through "blood and iron," and the one Abraham Lincoln championed in the U.S. Monopoly government, in other words, was a necessary first step on the road to socialism. All semblances of the Jeffersonian philosophy of federalism and statesí rights must be destroyed. In Bellamyís own words:
Bellamy considered the "liberty and justice for all" phrase in the Pledge to be an Americanized version of the slogan of the French Revolution: "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity." The French revolutionaries believed that mass killing by the state was always justified if it was done for the "grand purpose" of achieving "equality." In an 1876 commencement speech Francis Bellamy praised the French Revolution as "the poetry of human brotherhood." And "what we call the Civil War," Donald Livingston has remarked, "was in fact Americaís French Revolution, and Lincoln was the first Jacobin president" (Donald Livingston, "The Litmus Test for American Conservativism," Chronicles, Jan. 2001).
Bellamy intended the Pledge of Allegiance to be a vow of allegiance to the state, a quintessentially un-American idea. He stated that he got the idea from the "loyalty oaths" that were imposed on Southerners during Lincolnís invasion of the Southern states and afterward, during Reconstruction. During the war, adult male civilians in the South were compelled to take a loyalty oath to the federal government or be shot. During Reconstruction almost all Southern white adult males were disenfranchised by the requirement that in order to vote or hold political office, they must take the following oath: "I ______ do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I have never voluntarily borne arms against the United States since I have been a citizen thereof; that I have voluntarily given no aid, countenance, counsel, or encouragement to persons engaged in armed hostility thereto . . ." (Baer, The Pledge of Allegiance, Chapter 4). Few if any Southern men would dare to take this public pledge in the post-war years.
Francis Bellamy first published the Pledge of Allegiance in the September 1892 issue of The Youthís Companion, which has been described as "the Readerís Digest of its day." By that time, Bellamy had been forced to leave his Boston pulpit because of his practice of preaching socialism rather than the Gospel.
In addition to his work at the magazine, Francis Bellamy was the vice president in charge of education for the "Society of Christian Socialists," a national organization that advocated income taxation, central banking, nationalized education, nationalization of industry, and other features of socialism. In his classic book, Socialism(p. 223), Ludwig von Mises characterized Christian socialism as "merely a variety of State Socialism." Its advocates, like the Bellamy cousins, held that
The Bellamy cousins decided that American youth needed to be taught "loyalty to the state" because they realized that the individualism and the love of liberty of the American founding fathers would always stand in the way of achieving the socialist utopia that was described in Looking Backward. America supposedly suffered from too much liberty and not enough equality, said the author of the Pledge of Allegiance.
The "one nation, indivisible" wording was especially important to the Bellamy cousins, for if secession were legitimized, their pipe dream of socialism through a consolidated, monopoly government would be destroyed. This was the thinking of all the worst tyrants of the twentieth century, including Hitler and Stalin. (Hitler even quoted approvingly Lincolnís "union created the states" theory from his first inaugural address in Mein Kampf in order to make his own case for destroying federalism and statesí rights in Germany.)
The public schools must be used to teach blind obedience to the state, the Bellamys reasoned, and the National Education Association was pleased to help them accomplish this goal. They planned a "National Public School Celebration" in 1892, which was the first national propaganda campaign on behalf of the Pledge of Allegiance. It was a massive campaign that involved government schools and politicians throughout the country. The government schools were promoted, along with the Pledge, while private schools, especially parochial ones, were criticized.
Students were taught to recite the Pledge with their arms outstretched, palms up, similar to how Roman citizens were required to hail Caesar, and not too different from the way in which Nazi soldiers saluted their FŁhrer. This was the custom in American public schools from the turn of the twentieth century until around 1950, when it was apparently decided by public school officials that the Nazi-like salute was in bad taste.
The Pledge of Allegiance is an oath of allegiance to the omnipotent, Lincolnian state. Its purpose was never to inculcate in children the ideals of the American founding fathers, but those of two eccentric nineteenth-century socialists. (Not surprisingly, among its staunchest contemporary defenders and promoters are the Straussian neocon Lincoln idolaters at the Claremont Institute.)
If the Supreme Court decides that the "under God" wording in the Pledge is unconstitutional, it will be doing the right thing for the wrong reason (it does not "establish a religion"). The Pledge itself is an oath of allegiance to the central state, and the "under God" language only serves to deify the state. From the perspective of a Thomas Jefferson, George Washington, or James Madison, nothing could be more un-American. After all, they and their contemporaries had fought a long and bloody war of secession to sever their forced allegiance, complete with loyalty oaths, to another overbearing and tyrannical state, namely the British empire.
October 17, 2003
Thomas J. DiLorenzo [send him mail] is the author of the LRC #1 bestseller, The Real Lincoln: A New Look at Abraham Lincoln, His Agenda, and an Unnecessary War (Forum/Random House, 2002) and professor of economics at Loyola College in Maryland.
Copyright © 2003 LewRockwell.com
Commentary posted online at http://www.lewrockwell.com/dilorenzo/dilorenzo54.html | <urn:uuid:2224ad9c-4611-4c13-be80-a1e391d7570b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://scvcamp1399.org/DiLorenzo_pledging_allegiance.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00522-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969049 | 1,940 | 2.453125 | 2 |
In a stirring and inspirational keynote address, global health giant Paul Farmer exhorted a group of 500 advocates and students at Harvard Medical School on March 2 to "end the defeatism" concerning non communicable disease (NCD) advocacy. Farmer, the chair of Harvard Medical School's Global Health and Social Medicine Department and the founder of the nonprofit Partners in Health, told the audience that the state of advocacy on NCDs is similar in many ways to where HIV/AIDS was in the 2001 era. "Let's not let the naysayers tell us 'it's too complicated, too expensive, and too hard,'" he said, "because we were told the same thing about HIV/AIDS and look where we are today."
The conference, "The Long Tail of Global Health Equity: Tackling th... is a two-day event meant to galvanize support for NCD advocacy and provide a springboard for the upcoming UN High Level Session on NCDs, which will take place in New York, September 19-20, 2011. NCDs include illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, cancers, diabetes and lung disease. Some advocates also include mental illness, disabilities, injuries and burns in the list.
Farmer used five "conversation enders" about NCDs to frame his talk. He noted, for example, that prevention and care for NCDs are not a strict dichotomy, and in reality are mutually reinforcing. "This is really what health system strenghtening means," he said. Farmer continued to speak about the relative scarcity of NCD specialists, but he said that the world has realized you don't necessarily need an army of infectious disease experts to prevent and treat HIV or multiple drug resistant tuberculosis, and the same is true for most NCDs. Farmer said that weak infrastructure is also sometimes blamed for inaction on NCDs, but again this can be conquered with dedicated professionals and political will.
Farmer noted that one of the most commonly cited reasons for nations not working comprehensively on NCDs was relatively high fixed costs. Again, he said that the HIV example is instructive. "We managed to bring down the cost of HIV treatment somewhere between 80 and 90 percent in less than five years. If we can do that for HIV, we can do it for NCDs."
He said that a real gap is the "untallied costs of inaction" on NCDs. He said that "everyone I meet seems to be an expert on cost-effectiveness and sustainability of NCD work, but that seems unlikely given what I have seen of the data."
In a speech later in the day, Julio Frenk, dean of the Harvard School of Public Health, argued persuasively that the time has come for the world to acknowledge a "rights based approach to health," of which NCDs was the vanguard. Frenk asked the audience to consider a diagonal health approach (as opposed to vertical or horizontal approaches) that begins with setting priorities that can be translated into a set of rights and a common core of benefits. Frenck said that making this seismic shift in medical and public health thinking won't happen over night, but he hoped that "the power of our ideas should influence the ideas of those in power." He also urged that those thinking about NCDs should realize they are connected in scientific and other ways to infectious diseases. He said that the time has come to stop thinking of infectious diseases as "primitive," noting that the world's poor are now facing many of the same health issues formerly faced by the wealthy.
The conference, sponsored by Harvard Medical School and School of Public Health, the Brigham and Women's Hospital, the NCD Alliance, the Harvard Global Equity Initiative, and Partners in Health, continues through March 3, and is being webcast live here. Costs were underwritten by the Medtronic Foundation. | <urn:uuid:0241b006-c521-4bcd-b27a-bc62e08b1239> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://dialogue4health.ning.com/profiles/blogs/paul-farmer-on-non | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719273.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00066-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978554 | 790 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Fire Explorer Program
Applications will be available in mid-September.
The Ventura County Fire Explorer Program is designed for youth, 14 – 20 years of age, who are interested in learning about a career in the fire service. This fun, hands-on program provides participants with opportunities to increase their self-confidence and develop leadership skills through community-related activities.
The Fire Explorer Program is a joint effort with the Learning for Life Fire Exploring and County of Ventura Office of Education Career Pathway programs. It is conducted on a semester basis in coordination with local school district calendars.
Under the direct supervision of VCFD personnel, Fire Explorers will have the opportunity to participate in ride-along shifts. After completing a training academy, Fire Explorers will assist VCFD firefighters in station activities and participate on emergency incidents (on a limited basis). Participants will also be part of weekly meetings and various community service activities, such as staffing booths at safety fairs, city events and public education demonstrations.
Fire Explorer Post Assignments
The Fire Explorer Program is divided into posts throughout Ventura County. Each participant will be stationed at a post assignment centrally located near the neighborhood where they reside. This allows program membership to reflect the community.
Each Fire Explorer Post will be led by professional firefighters known as Fire Explorer Post Advisors. Advisors will provide leadership, training, and education.
Curriculum and Training Academy
After meeting the program’s entrance requirements, Fire Explorers will be given an opportunity to qualify for a Fire Explorer Training Academy where participants will be trained by professional firefighters.
Each Fire Explorer will receive fire safety gear, books, training props, and material needed to perform job-related training scenarios.
Training will include; firefighting skills, hose lay evolutions, ladder techniques, salvage operations, wildland firefighting procedures, proper use of firefighting tools and equipment, breathing apparatus use, and other related subjects.
Upon graduation from the Fire Explorer Training Academy, participants will be qualified to ride-along on an engine, truck or paramedic squad as they respond to emergencies.
- This is a voluntary program under the direct supervision of VCFD personnel.
- VCFD does not provide any compensation for program participation.
- Fire Explorers are expected to: 1) Abide by all VCFD administrative policies related to conduct and daily operating procedures. Continuing enrollment in the Fire Explorer program is contingent on good behavior, 2) Wear the required uniform at all times while on-duty, and 3) Accompany VCFD personnel on emergency responses with student safety and protection restrictions.
- Following successful completion of the Fire Explorer Program, VCFD will assign a performance grade to each participant. The letter grade shall coincide with the grading system of the school attended by the Fire Explorer.
- Selection into and completion of the Fire Explorer Program does not ensure future employment within Ventura County Fire.
Interested applicants must apply online to participate. Interviews will be conducted for all applicants meeting the criteria for the Fire Explorer Program. The Explorer Program will be ongoing with spots available for new candidates a few times a year.
If you have any questions, please email firstname.lastname@example.org or leave a message at (805) 371-1111 ext 35.
Photos provided by Code Three Photography | <urn:uuid:4f61e0dd-ec45-40fe-bf30-7b1d82073d03> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://vcfd.org/fire-explorer-program/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.918104 | 685 | 2.25 | 2 |
IEEE/IFIP Workshop on Software Technologies for Future Embedded and Ubiquitous Systems (SEUS) follows on the success of nine previous editions in Paderborn, Gemany (2013), Waidhofen/Ybbs, Austria (2010), Newport Beach, USA (2009), Capri, Italy (2008), Santorini Island, Greece (2007), Gyeongju, Korea (2006), Seattle, USA (2005), Vienna, Austria (2004), and Hokodate, Japan (2003), establishing SEUS as one of the emerging workshops in the field of embedded and ubiquitous systems. SEUS 2014 will continue the tradition of fostering cross-community scientific excellence and establishing strong links between research and industry.
The fields of both embedded computing and ubiquitous systems have seen considerable growth over the past few years. Given the advances in these fields, and also those in the areas of distributed computing, sensor networks, middleware, etc., the area of ubiquitous embedded computing is now being envisioned as the way of the future. The systems and technologies that will arise in support of ubiquitous embedded computing will undoubtedly need to arise a variety of issues, including dependability, real-time, human-computer interaction, autonomy, resource constraints, etc. All of these requirements pose a challenge to the research community. The purpose of SEUS 2014 is bringing together researchers and practitioners with an interest in advancing the state-of-the-art and the state-of-practice in this emerging field, with the hope of fostering new ideas, collaborations and technologies.
SEUS provides a forum in which attendees discuss technological and scientific advances, ranging from conceptual and theoretical research works up to application-oriented, standards-driving, innovative designs, and practical/experimental results. The main goal is to bring together researchers from all over the world, to foster a stimulating and fruitful exchange amongst researchers working on similar topics, to discuss ideas, exchange field experiences and to find solutions together to the problems facing software and hardware technologies for embedded and ubiquitous systems.
SEUS is supported by IFIP Working Group 10.2 - Embedded Systems. Its 2014 edition will be held in conjunction with the IEEE International Symposium on Object/component/service-oriented Real-time Distributed Computing (ISORC), in the Peppermill Resort, Reno – Nevada (USA). In addition, the following workshops will be co-located with SEUS 2014: IEEE Workshop on Self-Organizing Real-Time Systems (SORT) and International Workshop on Real-Time Cyber-Physical Systems (RTCPS). | <urn:uuid:252a0369-24db-4c29-82b1-59423ed0a425> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ppgca.dainf.ct.utfpr.edu.br/seus2014/doku.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00458-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.890962 | 520 | 1.570313 | 2 |
An Alzheimer's Society report states that 80% of people in residential care homes have either dementia or severe memory problems - a rise from previous estimates of 62%.
But the charity said that while excellent care exists, less than 50% of the 322,000 sufferers in care homes across the UK have a good quality of life.
It warned that society has such low expectations of care homes that people are "settling for average". A spokesman said that 41% of more than 1,000 relatives and carers surveyed by the charity believe their loved ones enjoyed good quality of life, but 28% said it was poor.
And a separate poll of 2,000 UK adults found that two thirds do not feel the care sector is doing enough to tackle abuse in care homes, and many admitted they would be "scared" about moving into a care home in later life.
The charity called on ministers and the care sector to work together to strengthen existing minimum standards to boost quality of life for sufferers. They should also improve public understanding about quality of care sufferers can be offered.
Jeremy Hughes, chief executive of the Alzheimer's Society, said: "When you walk into an excellent care home it's full of warmth, activities and interaction. But between these best examples and the worst, which often dominate headlines, there is a forgotten scandal of people with dementia who are failed and left living a life that can only be described as 'OK'.
"Society has such low expectations of care homes that people are settling for average. Throughout our lives we demand the best for ourselves and our children. Why do we expect less for our parents? We need Government and care homes to work together to lift up expectations so people know they have the right to demand the best."
Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt said: "No one should feel that they or their loved ones have to settle for poor quality care. Whilst many providers are delivering good quality care, this research clearly shows how more needs to be done to improve care across the board.
"There are no excuses for failing to keep people safe from abuse or not treating them with kindness, dignity and respect. This research shows the high prevalence in dementia is amongst people in residential care; it is essential that they are getting care that is right for them." | <urn:uuid:4ed88a46-bf8b-4324-a28d-89d3772517c7> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/380297/Concern-over-dementia-sufferer-care | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717783.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00076-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97187 | 463 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Despite suffering the worst drought in decades, South Africa’s pome fruit industry fared relatively well compared with initial expectations, according to Hortgro, the organisation which represents South Africa’s deciduous fruit industry.
Hortgro’s latest forecast predicts a total apple export crop of 32,3 million cartons, 2% lower than the previous year. “To date apple exports have already reached 21,3 million cartons which means that 65% of the total expected export volume for the 2016 season have already been realized,” said Hortgro’s information officer Thea Visser.
The expected export volume for pears is 16,6 million cartons, 9% higher than the previous year, of which 15,8 million cartons have already been exported.
According to Visser the slight increase in pears is mainly due to new plantings coming into production as well as the recovery of orchards from hail damage in the Langkloof production region.
However, the severe drought conditions have taken its toll on certain production areas. Ceres, the largest production area for pome fruit, has been one of the worst affected. “This led to lower than expected harvests for this region,” said Visser.
Clanwilliam, referred to by some locals as the ‘Rooibos Capital of the World’, will host Sou... | <urn:uuid:fb3e319e-7fef-4e96-860b-b405d08cb6cb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.farmersweekly.co.za/agri-news/pome-fruit-doing-well-in-spite-of-drought/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00437-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951013 | 294 | 1.90625 | 2 |
This chapter discusses the simulation model employed by this research. As we have stated before, our research goal is to evaluate performance of IEEE 802.16 OFDM physical layer. This task involves modeling of the physical layer as well as the propagation environment. Simulation was chosen to be the primary tool for our study. We have employed Matlab™ 6.0 to develop the simulator. Before going for the physical layer setup, let us first de ine the OFDM symbol parameter used in our study.
4.1 OFDM Symbol Parameter
There are two types of OFDM parameters (primitive and derived) that characterize OFDM symbol completely. The later one can be derived from the former one because of fixed relation between them. In our MATLAB implementation of the physical layer, the primitive parameters are specified asO´FDM_ params´ and primitive parameters are calculated as ´IEEE802.16 paparams´ which can be accessed globally. The used OFDM parameters are listed in Table 4.1. | <urn:uuid:3f73fc44-2a15-4f3e-b198-90bb98eb95f0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.hitpages.com/doc/4506564228546560/38/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00090-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.909175 | 206 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Former state Sen. Nodland joins ND State Water Commission
The newest member of the North Dakota State Water Commission said Friday it's only a matter of time until North Dakota's eastside population base has a new -- albeit familiar -- source of domestic water.
"We will see the day in North Dakota that Fargo and Grand Forks will be getting water from Lake Sakakawea," said George Nodland, who was appointed to the commission by Gov. Jack Dalrymple late last month. "That's not a question. There's money already being money put aside to build the pipeline and it's already been studied. There just isn't a dollar amount yet, but we will see that day."
A Dickinson resident and former state senator and Stark County commissioner, Nodland is taking the place of longtime Commissioner Jack Olin, who decided to retire early rather than serve out his term, which runs through until 2015. The nine-person commission includes state Agriculture Commissioner Doug Goehring and is chaired by Dalrymple.
With water policy always at or near the forefront of issues facing western North Dakota, and the state as a whole, Nodland knows there is much work to be done, but said he's ready for the challenge.
"One of the things we have to do is to make sure that we take care of us here in the western part of the state," Nodland said. "We're creating a lot of money through our oil and gas tax and we need to make sure it comes back to us. We need to make sure that we're taking care of our people."
From flooding in the eastern and central part of the state to groundwater and oil industry usage concerns on the western side of North Dakota, Nodland said he understands the importance of how the commission tackles water-related issues to the long-term viability of the Peace Garden State, which has burst onto the national energy scene in recent years thanks to oil and natural gas produced in the Bakken formation.
"What's really scary for me is the fact that our aquifers are starting to drop a little bit," Nodland said. "Our aquifers in western North Dakota are actually fed over many years through the Rocky Mountains and the Black Hills, so we need to continue to find ways to not overuse that water. When you talk about Lake Sakakawea, a hot summer day will evaporate more water off the lake in one day than what (the Southwest Water Authority) uses in a year. That's how much water is in Lake Sakakawea, just so people have an idea."
Raised in Dunn Center, Nodland said he was no stranger to water scarcity and discoloration from the groundwater growing up.
He said his top priority is to get and keep reliable supplies of fresh water to residents in western North Dakota.
"The oil industry knows that water is paramount and I believe it has done a great job of working with the state of North Dakota," Nodland said. "But groundwater is not our long-term solution here. Groundwater quality is becoming poorer in every part of the state. There are also people in rural areas and on rural farmsteads that have very poor water and I feel we should be attempting to offer them the opportunity to have real, clean water."
Nodland, who also has a background tackling water issues in northwestern North Dakota, said he is excited to work with Southwest Water and plans to be a regular attendee of the authority's monthly meetings.
In a statement, Dalrymple said Nodland is the right person to succeed Olin, who he also praised for his years of service to the state.
"I am very pleased to have George Nodland join the state water commission," the governor stated. "His knowledge of the water needs of western North Dakota and his experience as a state senator and county commissioner will be a great asset as we work to set the state's water priorities. I also commend Jack Olin, who has been an outstanding public servant for the state of North Dakota, not only as a state senator, but also as a long-time member of the state water commission."
Dalrymple went on to praise Olin for his contributions to the Southwest Pipeline Project, which he said has been instrumental in bringing water to the people of western North Dakota.
As for Nodland, the prospect of sitting idly during his retirement -- which he said officially began last December after years in the banking industry and as a public servant -- wasn't particularly appealing.
With his new role, however, he said he'll have plenty to do.
"I'm excited to get started," said Nodland, who will attend his first state water commission meeting Monday in Bismarck. "Water is always going to be important. We can't live very long without it." | <urn:uuid:3b56f41d-c091-43ef-8c83-96015c5bd011> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thedickinsonpress.com/content/former-state-sen-nodland-joins-nd-state-water-commission | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00460-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983158 | 1,005 | 1.710938 | 2 |
10 Natural Home Remedies For Cramps
Cramps are a condition when the muscles get locked and stiff. There are muscular cramps which occur both in men and women. This is caused either by over use of the muscle or by dehydration.
Stress and fatigue can also cause cramps. Women are prone to menstrual cramps which occur during their monthly cycle. There are simple home remedies for cramps of all kinds some of which are listed below:
Apply a hot pad on the cramped muscle. You can try this home remedy with the help of hot water bottle or an electric heating pad or simply dip a towel in hot water, wring it and placed it on the affected part for about fifteen to twenty minutes. Repeat this several times. The heat will help to relax the muscle and increase the blood flow and provides relief from cramp.
#2. Epsom Salt
Pour half a cup of Epsom salt in the hot bath water and soak in the bath water. Epsom salt contains magnesium, which helps in promoting muscle relaxation and thus provides relief from cramps.
Massaging with a mixture of one part of wintergreen oil with four parts of vegetable oil onto the muscle cramp will help to the cramps. The methyl silicate present in wintergreen oil is one of the best natural remedies that helps in relieving pain and promotes blood flow. You can do this massage several times a day.
Include whole grain breads, cereals, nuts and beans in your diet. You may include fruits and vegetables, especially bananas and oranges. This diet will provide the necessary minerals like magnesium, potassium and calcium to make up the electrolyte levels and relieve cramps, as cramps are caused by low levels of electrolytes.
Apply pressure with your thumb or heel of the hand on the cramp of about ten seconds and release. Repeat this natural remedy several times to get relief from cramp.
Muscle cramps are very often caused by dehydration. Therefore hydrating the system by drinking a lot of water will help in providing relief.
As in muscle cramps, for menstrual cramps also it is important to keep the body hydrated. Drinking warm or hot water will help. Water based foods like lettuce, cucumber, water melons, berries etc also are recommended as it helps rehydrate the system.
Calcium is known to help reduce muscle cramps during menstrual cycle. Therefore consuming calcium rich food will help in providing the necessary calcium supplement and provide relief from cramping. Dairy products, leafy green vegetables, sesame seeds and almonds help in providing natural home remedy from cramps.
Prepare ginger tea by adding boiling water to freshly grated ginger. Allow it to soak for a few minutes. And drink this tea. You may add a spoonful of honey to improve the taste and effect. This will help in alleviating menstrual pain and provide relief.
Prepare aniseed tea by putting a teaspoon of aniseed in a cup, smash the seeds with spoon and pour the broken seeds into boiling water. Allow soaking for about fifteen to twenty minutes. Filter the liquid and drink a cup of it. Drinking about two to three cups of this tea a day will help in relieving you of cramps and pain.
Try these natural home remedies today and be relieved of your cramps in no time. | <urn:uuid:42aa9381-78e4-4169-a4fa-23d0a5a6fb40> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.sunsigns.org/10-natural-home-remedies-for-cramps/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720468.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00487-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.936643 | 685 | 2.25 | 2 |
WLS National Barn Dance
"Big foot uplittle feet down,
Like a jaybird walkin' on frozen ground;
Chicken in the breadpan pickin' out dough
Big pig rootin' up a little 'tater' row"
When the Cowbells Ring Out on Saturday Night
"Somehow it just wouldn't seem like Saturday night to a multitude
of folks in the United States and Canada if they couldn't hear
the "good ol' Prairie Farmer WLS National Barn Dance." From that very
first radio barnd dance back in April 1924 (of which Edgar Bill, first WLS
Director, was frankly skeptical), until a recent November, 1935, Saturday
night when the 400,000th guest was honored at the Eighth Street Theatre
the old hayloft show has been "goin' right along." If you could read just a few
of the many letters that come to WLS each week, you would realize that it is truly
a national institution.
The show first went on the air and listeners were 'astonished' and 'delighted' - to
hear the old tunes and square dance calls which had almost been forgotten,
except back in the hills.
The program gained popularity and continued on each Saturday night and was carried
on the National Broadcasting Company's (NBC) radio network from coast to coast.
People wanted to see this show, the WLS studios couldn't hold them, so,
they put the Barn Dance in the Eighth Street Theatre and 'charged
sufficient admission price to pay the cost.' In the WLS Family Album
of 1935, they said at the time of printing, there had been 142 Saturday
nights and 304,271 people had paid admission - about 2,142 per show.
We must not fail to mention those real personalities who have announced
the Barn Dance as masters of ceremonies during various periods since
the program first went on the air. To them should go much credit for helping
to create the happy atmosphere of the old hayloft.
There were George D. Hay, "The Solemn Old Judge"; Edgar Bill, Dudley Richards,
Steve Cisler, and Hal O'Halloran, not now identified with WLS. Today, we have
Joe Kelly, Jack Holden and Harold Safford. Harold was with us from 1927 to 1929,
and recently retured as WLS program director.
Some listeners were quoted as to their thoughts of the Barn Dance from letters they
"...Every Saturday night wherever there is a radio in the mountain homes,
the neighbors will gather in and there is no going home until your
program is finished. YOur programs are like a breath of fresh mountain air.
You people are building better than you know and a great deal of the awakened
interest in the old tunes is directly traceable to your influence."
Let's go back in time since we have the chance. Turn out the lights. Turn
off the TV. Pull up to the radio. Put your mind back in time and pretend
you can tune in to WLS on a Saturday night to catch the latest tunes...check
around, we may have some sound clips of these folks to bring back those days...
Or maybe you have the records yourself... Come on back next week to see who's
doin' Saturday Night...
Appearing This Week on WLS &|
The National Barn Dance
January 18, 1936
Behind the scenese at the National Barn Dance
· Interviews with visitors
featuring Lulu Belle
· Chuck, Ray & Christine · Prairie Ramblers · Sod Busters · DeZurik Sisters · Arkie & Kentucky Girls
· Maple City Four · Verne, Lee and Mary · Arkie · Lulu Belle & Scotty · Henry Burr · Lucille Long · The Novelodeons · and other Hayloft favorites · with Joe Kelly as master of ceremonies
· William O'Connor · Prairie Ramblers · Hilltoppers · Winnie, Lou and Sally · Pat Buttram
· Grace Wilson · Hilltoppers · Chuck Acree · DeZurik Sisters
· Prairie Ramblers · Hilltoppers · Patsy Montana · Kentucky Girls
Varied Features until Midnight
· Patsy Montana · Prairie Ramblers · Otto & His Novelodeons · Pat Buttram · Arkie · Sod Busters · Chuck, Ray & Christine · Bill O'Connor · Grace Wilson · John Brown · DeZurik Sisters · Eddie Allan · Lulu Belle & Scotty · Evelyn & Hilltoppers · and many others | <urn:uuid:b60f69a8-a6e0-4d4e-ab78-569fb4ee5151> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.hillbilly-music.com/programs/story/index.php?prog=190 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00227-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.89719 | 947 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Clearly, tapping into pay-per-use cloud platforms like Microsoft Azure can save you significant money – but are you really getting the most from the new economic model? According to cost optimization tools like Cloudyn, around 70 percent of you are not.
The culprit more often than not is what we might call “traditional” thinking – and it’s costing you!
New to the cloud? You’re probably already reaping the immediate gains of faster time to deployment, self-service access for developers and the ability to scale up your solutions when demand grows. These are the core fundamental values of leveraging automated infrastructure- and platform-as-a-service solutions. If this sounds like your organization, feel good about what you have done as these are the initial benefits from cloud computing. It’s a great start.
But are you really getting all the economic benefit from the cloud that you can? Perhaps not!
Think about, for example, when your applications experience demand. Few applications run at a steady workload. Many of your applications are no doubt seasonal: experiencing heaviest load at certain times of the year, say, at month- or quarter-end, or, like e-retailer Jet.com, around holidays. Some are growing quickly. Others are only available at certain times of the year, and still others are just plain unpredictable.
Consider as well the “traditional” best practice of capacity planning. Seasoned CIO’s have a rule of thumb that you calculate – as best you can – the maximum load, and from that the number of instances/servers, and add a fudge factor, say, 20%, the hope being that you don’t get called on a Friday night when the load unexpectedly spikes.
In the cloud, this best practice is inverted. Rather than allocating for the maximum load, ask what the minimum footprint is, in terms of instances in the cloud. In the cloud you can always scale up. The
important thing, from an economic point of view, is to be attentive to scaling down, to releasing instances and thus reducing charges. You shouldn’t pay for what you don’t need or use. With Azure, you can configure your application to automatically scale up and down, or you can schedule additional instances when you expect a heavy load, releasing them when no longer needed.
Next, think about componentizing. For example; nearly every enterprise application has a Web-facing front end, some business logic, and a database. In the cloud, each of these can be scaled independently. With an effective caching strategy, that is, keeping frequently used data in memory or otherwise readily available, you may be able scale up the front end as user traffic grows while not having to scale the business logic or database server as rapidly – thus intelligently managing cost while at the same time providing a superior experience to users.
Want to do seamless upgrades? Consider taking advantage of Azure’s geographical reach. Marketing agency Hogarth Worldwide shifted data traffic between data centers while uploading new videos and code, thus preventing any interruption to their clients’ businesses.
How can you optimize your cloud deployments? Think about using tools – like those from Cloudyn, CloudCruiser, or Microsoft’s own Application Insights (shown) to understand and optimize your cloud deployments. Such tools allow you to see how your money is being spent and show you possible areas for savings.
It’s been said that smart CIO’s approach their cloud with their eyes open, and that’s true. But a prudent approach, with an eye toward all the numerous opportunities for cost efficiencies available in the cloud, will reap rewards for years to come. | <urn:uuid:acad099d-1484-4fef-8122-7db8ec065e9b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://azure.microsoft.com/tr-tr/blog/how-to-turn-cloud-economics-to-your-advantage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.932969 | 765 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Added by Isaac Desautels
Towering over the landscape, Mt. Arbel provides amazing views of the Sea of Galilee and the Golan Heights.
There are multiple ways to reach the top of Mt Arbel. You can ascend the Mountain from the south as part of the Israel National Trail or the west as part of the Jesus Trail. However, you can also park at the top and explore the magnificent views of Mt. Arbel. Connecting a few of the walking trails heading west will lead you down the side of the mountain on a steep, almost rock climbing trail. From the bottom of the small descent head east. As you loop around the Northern part of the mountain you will see caves dug into the side of the cliffs left over from Greek and Roman Battles, led by Herod the Great, with the Jews and Hasmonean Rebels. The cave fortress is still visible today. Keeping along the same trail you will soon get views of the Sea of Galilee and of the Golan Heights. Another steep incline awaits soon after to return to the top of Mt. Arbel.
- Good Shoes
Please respect the places you find on The Outbound.
Always practice Leave No Trace ethics on your adventures. Be aware of local regulations and don't damage these amazing places for the sake of a photograph. Learn More
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Take in a Sunrise at Mt. Masada
Israel / Mt. Masada
Before it was known for its sunrise, Masada was an ancient fortress atop a mountain plateau constructed under the rule of King Herod the Great sometime between 37 and 31 BCE.
Hike through Ein Gedi Nature Reserve
Israel / Ein Gedi Nature Reserve
Ein Gedi was declared a nature reserve in 1971. The oasis is one of the most important in Israel. | <urn:uuid:ccd705d7-9cad-422f-bbc8-8e1ae7c37560> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.theoutbound.com/israel/hiking/hike-up-mt-arbel | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00470-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927343 | 400 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Definitions of Surveying and Associated Termsby
Joint Committee of the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping and ASCE
ACSM and American Society of Civil Engineers
1978, Soft Cover, Pg. 210
DataNotAvailable, Revised Edition
Out of Print: Not available at ASCE Bookstore.
Subject Headings: Terminology and definition | Geomatic surveys
Return to search | <urn:uuid:5cada5a2-b9c6-4cb4-a63e-51d2920783b7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://cedb.asce.org/CEDBsearch/record.jsp?dockey=0144750 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00427-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.788558 | 82 | 1.96875 | 2 |
Added tax on cigarettes could be good time to quit
With the recent increase on July 1 of the tax on tobacco in Utah, tobacco users are doing a number of things to alleviate the shock to the wallet when purchasing tobacco items. Some tobacco users have said they are still going to use tobacco and will go out of state to purchase tobacco. Trips to Idaho, Nevada and Colorado to stock up on cigarettes are common. Some users will pay the extra dollar tax per pack. But, some users are going to try to quit at this time. This is the healthy choice and the focus of this article.
Doctor Tamra Lewis works with people who are quitting smoking. Smokers come in a lot of different categories. There are those who have struggled to quit and succeeded. There are those who have never tried to quit, but are now seeking help to quit. The most common category of smoker is one who has tried several times unsuccessfully to quit. They may go for periods of time without smoking and then suddenly return to smoking.
Since smoking has become more expensive, this is a good time to look into new opportunities for quitting. Dr. Lewis recommends getting some help to quit smoking. See your doctor to determine what new products are out there to aid in your fight to quit smoking. Dr. Lewis said, "Tobacco is a severe addiction. People are physically dependent on cigarettes and other tobacco products. They have built their lives around smoking and their social groups, family groups and co-workers. Because it's part of their social lives, they need help. They need counseling to quit. There will be physical issues to address as well as mental issues. Quitting is different for each person. Some people try eight-10 times before they succeed. If they haven't succeeded in the past then a different approach might be needed in a combination of therapies.
"Quitting smoking is a process. Relapse is common as old behaviors resurface. Smokers need to incorporate new behaviors into their lives. It's harder for some people to quit than others due to genetic factors. Those people need behavior counseling and a lot of support. They need to learn new behaviors. It's hard for young smokers to look down the road and see they are putting their health at risk. The earlier in your life you quit the better. But, quitting at any stage of your life will have a positive effect.
"Short term effects of smoking include difficulty breathing, bad breath, diminished athletic performance, smell like smoke, dry leathery skin, unhealthy skin tone, general appearance of unhealthiness; long term effects include heart disease, the number one killer and smokers are high risk for all types of cancers.
"Fifty percent of people who smoke will die from smoking related illness. Risk goes down dramatically if you quit smoking.
"Raising taxes on tobacco does help, it encourages people to quit. New therapies and products come out continually. Check www.mytimetoquit.com for more information on products. Call the Utah Tobacco helpline at 1-888-567-truth for help in quitting. We encourage people to go to their physicians. The physician can help you outline the steps you need to take to quit. Three-five percent of those trying to quit will quit cold turkey. This doesn't work. Fifty percent of smokers are trying to quit. Some smokers will experience a five-10 pound weight gain while quitting. This is minimal, a small weight gain is expected. You will die from smoking, we will work on the weight after you've quit. The benefits from quitting smoking will begin immediately. Your sense of taste will come back, you will feel like exercising more. Getting you off tobacco is the most important thing.
"Get someone to quit with you. Don't allow smoking in your house. Get everyone involved in the quit smoking process. Think of your children, oftentimes if parents smoke then the children are more likely to smoke not to mention the effects second hand smoke can have on your children and family. Smoking will shorten your life, think to yourself you want to be around to see your grandchildren so quit now.
"Don't start smoking, if you are a smoker now, then quit. You will be more successful in quitting if you understand the therapies available. Smoking ties you down. You will often only go places where you know you can smoke. Tobacco controls you. Take back your life. Control your life, don't let tobacco control you.
"Everyone understands tobacco is bad for you, but it's hard to quit. It's an addiction. Find your help. Quit, it will be worth it for the rest of your lives. If you make it six months to a year without smoking you have a good chance of succeeding. Be ready and guard against relapses. Know what makes you want to smoke, what are your triggers and receptors. Develop good habits to take the place of your bad ones," said Dr. Lewis.
An average package of cigarettes is $6 and a carton is approximately $60. Dr. Lewis said help is available, you're not alone, but only you can take the first step to stop smoking. | <urn:uuid:3f7b8cd8-accb-4a3c-9b77-2354109a8c37> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ecprogress.com/index.php?tier=1&article_id=9613 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00550-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965816 | 1,050 | 2.109375 | 2 |
In this interview with internationally renowned Dr. Shankara Chetty from South Africa, we discuss the Omicron variant, which is taking the world as a storm. (VERSION FRANÇAISE – EN ESPAÑOL), Is this variant to be feared, or could it actually be a positive development in this pandemic, as mostly inducing mild disease, yet conferring post-covid natural immunity? These are among the timely and critically important aspects we discuss. Below are the audio and video versions, as well as a summary of the interview’s salient points.
Dr. Chetty is a Family General Medical Practitioner in South-Africa, with considerable experience with the outpatient treatment of COVID-19, having treated so far nearly 8,000 patients, in his outpatient practice, without any of them requiring hospitalization or even oxygen. Dr. Chetty holds a degree in medicine and surgery and also has advanced education in genetics, advanced biology, biochemistry and microbiology. See our previous interview with Dr. Chetty, along with other experts such as Dr. McCullough, Dr. Urso, Dr. Kory and Dr. Cole, at https://covexit.com/category/videos/
Summary: Salients Points of Dr. Chetty’s Interview about the Omicron
Here are salients points made by Dr. Chetty in the interview. Please refer to the video interview for the original wording.
1. There is little to fear from Omicron, as it is a mild variant, and there is no reason to panic. Omicron does mostly induce mild disease, and as proof, in South Africa, there is no increase in hospital and ICU admissions, despite the increase in cases.
2. The symptoms of Omicron are very different from those of Delta. “There are no respiratory symptoms per se.” Patients “have a sore throat on the first day” which resolves completely by the second or third day. “The overriding symptoms they present with are fatigue and headaches.” “Those are the main symptoms we see with Omicron.”
3. In terms of early treatment, “we treat it initially as a viral infection … and we watch for resolution.” “In the first days, I tend to treat symptomatically … generally we use anti-inflammatories” says Dr. Chetty, who also continues to warn his patients for a possible (even if rare) worsening on day 8, for which his 8th day therapy, with corticosteroids, antihistamines, montelukast, etc. is then applicable.
4. As for day to day life for the common person, in terms of preventative behaviour, Dr. Chetty suggests to possibly do some limited social distancing, avoid large groups, yet he indicates further in the interview that sooner or later, about everyone will get Covid. “The probability of getting Covid during this pandemic is nearly 100% – you will probably never be able to avoid it.” Dr. Chetty further states that later variants to Omicron may not be as mild. “So, it’s best you chose your variant carefully.” “Now, we have a mild variant; I guess it’s time to make some choices.”
5. Regarding post-Covid natural immunity, “whatever immunity Omicron confers, it will definitely be broader and more effective than any of the current vaccines.” “So you have a choice: do you get your immunity through an ineffective vaccine, or do you get your immunity through a mild variant of the natural virus.”
6. Regarding reports of re-infections, Dr. Chetty indicates: “it’s the first time I see unvaccinated people who have had Covid in the past getting re-infected.” “There is a slightly higher risk of re-infections” … but these are “very mild re-infections.”
7. As far as the booster shots, recommended in a number of countries as a response to Omicron, Dr. Chetty sees this response as “nonsensical.” “I think it’s absolutely nonsensical” he says. “Omicron causes mild illness, and does not result in hospitalization or death. The vaccines, the only thing they have shown some benefit in, is to prevent severe disease and death. Omicron does not cause severe disease or death; it causes mild illness…. I don’t see the point to mass vaccinate the population to prevent severe disease and death from a variant that does not cause severe disease and death.” “And of course, notwithstanding that the vaccine can have severe side effects…” “The risk of the virus/variant does not warrant to take such a risk as a mass vaccination campaign.” “So it’s nonsensical” He adds: “a booster dose immunity is transient, unlike Omicron infection, where Omicron gives you a long lasting immunity.”
8. As for the hospital crisis predicted in a number of countries, he says: “In all the 8000 patients I have had, I have had no death. I have had no hospitalization. And I have had no need to have oxygen in my practice.” “Early outpatient treatment has the ability not only to stop all the hospitalizations but to curb all the mortality and morbidity that we have seen.”
9. Regarding early treatment, he says: “I can’t understand why early treatment was not instituted from the start. When you deal with any illness, you treat the sick patients first… You do everything you can to treat that patient. You don’t abandon the patient and says, when you worsen, you go to hospital.”
10. Regarding politicians: “If we were dealing with politicians that are simply ignorant to the science, then it would be easy for me to talk logic and get them to understand what’s required.” “But unfortunately, it seems that the ignorance has an agenda. That makes it more difficult to change. Every time you show science, the agenda tends to override the science.” “I am not in the business of attempting to convert donkeys into horses.”
11. About herd immunity: “Vaccination is not a way to get us out of the pandemic.” “Simply, if we treated every person, and every person survived a Covid illness, we would get to herd immunity. And the patients that are not at risk and can be treated easily, are going to form the base of that herd immunity. So why are we locking them up and why are we attempting to vaccinate them out of this? We should be allowing those who are not at risk to actually come in contact with Covid and form the base of that herd immunity. That is what is going to protect our senior citizens, those at risk, with those not at risk being the majority in the pool of herd immunity.”
12. To conclude, after several cautionary remarks, he says that “If Omicron is the variant that will bring us to herd immunity, then that bodes well for the end of the pandemic.” “Pandemics tend to naturally evolve towards milder variants that are more contagious. That is what we have seen with Omicron. This drives the virus into endemicity.” “I think Omicron is a Godsend.” “We have spent two years disregarding natural immunity, and this has been to our detriment.” “Let’s not make the same mistake and disregard Omicron.” | <urn:uuid:35eafeeb-eaf6-4323-9d5f-cba599e90be1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://covexit.com/dr-shankara-chetty-interview-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-omicron/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.962566 | 1,648 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Many of us combat depression, whether situational or chronic. It can be particularly difficult around the holidays or in the cold winter months. When medication and therapy aren’t enough, what other options can help to ease your depression? We spoke with Deborah Hawkins about the method that ultimately helped her: intentional gratitude. On our new podcast, she shares how being intentionally grateful can help with your mental health and boost confidence.
Watch our podcast with Deborah Hawkins to learn about how you can apply intentional gratitude in your life:
Deborah Hawkins has been blogging on gratitude and mindfulness since 2010, posting over 500 reflections on everyday experiences that have elevated her mood along with tips on how to keep gratitude “top of mind.” Initially, she began this practice to work her way out of depression. Now, it is her mission to show people how they can examine their own experiences of gratitude and use this understanding to lift their mood and live happier lives. Referring to her approach as “intentional gratitude,” she offers practical tools and examples that help people find resiliency during challenging times and optimize good feelings when things seem to be going their way.
Deborah’s two books, The Best of No Small Thing – Mindful Meditations and Practice Gratitude: Transform Your Life — Making the Uplifting Experience of Gratitude Intentional, along with her zoom-enabled class, “Helium for Your Heart: Elevate Your Outlook With Intentional Gratitude,” demonstrate a fresh approach to a gratitude practice that is fun, authentic, and confidence-boosting. Her personal story, which includes childhood trauma and depression, is relatable and inspiring.
To start our discussion, Deborah shares more about the journey that led her to writing books about mindfulness and gratitude practices. As she describes, she faced some hardships and traumas in her childhood, resulting in lowered confidence. This carried over into her adult life, manifesting as depression. It was after some low points that Deborah started a new path, one that involved blogging and focusing on the things for which she was most grateful. In time, she noticed the marked improvement this had on her, and now she helps others go through the same transformation.
What exactly is a gratitude practice? Deborah explains here, also sharing how she developed hers over time. She describes how her gratitude practice is unique, and perhaps not like others you may have encountered. With attention and dedication, you, too, can develop a gratitude practice that works for you.
Deborah also reveals how your gratitude practice can help with depression. Consider what symptoms come with depression: lowered energy, sadness and apathy, feelings of isolation, hopelessness. Intentional gratitude pushes you to notice what things bring you joy, peace, or contentment. By becoming more aware of these items, you can look for them in your everyday life. Just that little pick-me-up can do wonders for your mood and outlook. Over time, this can lead to better days and weeks.
Of course, if you have depression, it can be particularly hard to feel grateful at all, and thus difficult to begin a gratitude practice. Deborah herself had depression, and it wasn’t easy to start on this path. But with patience and effort, it can be a method that eases your depression. Deborah offers examples of how she overcome those initial hurdles to get started on her practice.
A key component of a gratitude practice is gratitude themes. What are those, and how can someone practicing intentional gratitude discover their personal gratitude themes? Deborah ends our podcast with more about these themes, how to uncover them, and how to dissect particular memories of joy to pinpoint your gratitude themes. You will have several – say, 10 – that will be strongest in bringing you a sense of gratitude.
To find out more about gratitude themes and starting a gratitude practice, listen to our podcast with Deborah below:
Additionally, Deborah has a special holiday promotion on now. If you purchase either of her books from Amazon, you will have the opportunity to receive a promo code enabling you to invite a guest for FREE when you register for “Helium for Your Heart,” two-session zoom class. Learn more here.
Petite2Queen is a virtual mentoring community for women who want more out of life and their careers. We are women who have been there, done that… and women who are in it with you. Our virtual mentoring series, podcasts, blogs, and more provide real-life learning, insights, and transferrable skills. Create your own amazing life! | <urn:uuid:32df63ec-844c-4f0a-baaf-6c87a15d3aef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://petite2queen.com/intentional-gratitude-ease-depression/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.952293 | 938 | 1.867188 | 2 |
|PUBLIC MEMBERS:||CLASSES | STRUCTS | UNIONS | ENUMS | TYPEDEFS | METHODS | STATIC METHODS | DATA | STATIC DATA|
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- Holds a weak reference to a type description.
sal_Int32 nRefCount; reference count of type; don't ever modify this by yourself, use typelib_typedescriptionreference_acquire() and typelib_typedescriptionreference_release() sal_Int32 nStaticRefCount; number of static references of type, because of the fact that some types are needed until program termination and are commonly held static. typelib_TypeClass eTypeClass; type class of type rtl_uString * pTypeName; fully qualified name of type _typelib_TypeDescription * pType; pointer to full typedescription; this value is only valid if the type is never swapped out void * pUniqueIdentifier; pointer to optimize the runtime; not for public use void * pReserved; reserved for future use; 0 if not used
Copyright © 2012, The Apache Software Foundation, Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. Apache, the Apache feather logo, Apache OpenOffice and OpenOffice.org are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. | <urn:uuid:8e4c89d0-42db-4432-a935-cee421f93442> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.openoffice.org/api/docs/cpp/ref/names/c-_typelib_TypeDescriptionReference.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280899.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00575-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.693458 | 291 | 2.484375 | 2 |
Bad oils...healthy cooking oils, diets and cooking oils and which oils to use...
What are the healthy cooking oils? What about hydrogenated oils and the food industry? What about diets and cooking oils? What are health risks of partially hydrogenated oils?
These are legitimate questions to ask if you're concerned about your health.
Which foods commonly contain hydrogenated oils? Examples of foods containing hydrogenated oils are snack foods, vegetable shortenings, margarines, crackers, candies, cookies, fried foods, baked goods, frozen foods and TV dinners and other processed foods.
What are Trans Fatty Acids or TFA's and are they healthy cooking oils?
Trans fatty acids are hydrogenated oils that are created by chemically combining gas and oils together with what’s called a metal catalyst.
The catalyst that makes this happen is usually made of nickel (or sometimes aluminum or cobalt).
Heating the oils and metal catalyst together to temperatures of 400 degrees or higher creates a new molecular structure of the oil.
The metal used in the hydrogenation process is highly toxic to your body when used for long periods of time. And the kind of hydrogenated oil that is created by this means cannot be eliminated in the normal ways by the body.
As for healthy cooking oils and diets and cooking oils, all oils have about 3,600 calories per pint of oil. The key is to consume the healthy oils but in moderation. No-fat diets are actually unhealthy, according to leading naturopathic physicians.
While too much fat is bad for you, consuming some fat is a necessary part of our diet. Fats are a source of essential nutrition. Consuming the right kind of fat in the appropriate amount should be the goal. Some oils are better for you than others.
Fats and oils are either saturated or unsaturated and unsaturated fats can be either monounsaturated or polyunsaturated. Saturated fats that come from animal sources generally increase cholesterol levels, although coconut and palm oils are two examples of saturated fat from plants.
Hydrogenated oils like margarine and vegetable shortening are saturated fats that have been chemically modified from their normal liquid state into solids. Extra hydrogen atoms are pumped into unsaturated fat, creating trans fatty acids, the most unhealthy type of fat. Avoid consuming these kinds of manufactured fats.
What are healthy cooking oils?
Examples of healthy cooking oils are extra virgin olive, canola, walnut and sesame oils. Do not heat the oil until it begins to smoke as this causes the healthy cooking oils to become unhealthy.
In mechanical extraction, called cold-pressed or expeller-pressed, oil is squeezed from the source with hydraulic presses. This minimal exposure to heat preserves the natural flavor of the oil but limits the yield, making mechanically extracted oils more expensive than chemically-extracted oils.
Related search terms are - hydrogenated oils and studies disease, partially hydrogenated health oils dangers, health risks of partially hydrogenated oils, facts of hydrogenated oils and hydrogenated oils and the food industry.
If you're searching for this kind of info, use the information found above to better understand healthy cooking oils and your health.
Healthy cooking oils available online...
Here is a quality website that has extra virgin olive oils available for online ordering.
Zoe Organic Extra Virgin Olive Oil, 25.5-Ounce Tins (Pack of 2) Healthy Cooking Oils
Healthy cooking oils by Zoe organic extra virgin olive oil for you and your family. Using Organic Zoe will benefit your health, help protect the environment and enhance all of life's flavors.
Healthy cooking oils related articles
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And FDA Disclaimer. | <urn:uuid:74f348cd-5206-4401-9ccb-a0eae5c161c1> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.safemenopausesolutions.com/healthy-cooking-oils.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720153.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00323-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931666 | 953 | 3.03125 | 3 |
How shall we build the network from big data,
without losing important information about higher-order dependencies?
Network-based representation has quickly emerged as the norm in representing rich interactions among the components of a complex system for analysis and modeling: movement of hundreds of thousands of ships form a global shipping network, powering the transportation and economy while inadvertently translocating invasive species; interactions of billions of people on social networks, facilitating the diffusion of information.
Given the ship trajectories, to construct a global shipping network, the conventional approach is to count the number of voyages between port pairs as edge weights in the network.
What are the advantages of using HON
instead of the conventional first-order network or the fixed second-order network?
Jian Xu, Thanuka L. Wickramarathne, and Nitesh V. Chawla. "Representing higher-order dependencies in networks." Science Advances (2016)
Code for generating Higher-order Network (HON) from data with higher-order dependencies.
HONS @ NetSci 2018
Jun. 12, 2018. Paris, France
Prof. Nitesh Chawla will contribute a talk on the latest developments of HON, including the improved parameter-free algorithm, its application in anomaly detection in sequential data, and modeling species invasion in the Arctic.
Dr. Jian Xu (Lucy Family Institute for Data & Society alumni) will host the morning session “Beyond Markov models”. | <urn:uuid:c0f753b3-2d08-4769-acbe-4f6f29a4e20c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.higherordernetwork.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.851954 | 318 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Using science and medicine to stop human rights violations
Stigma and Discrimination Issues Persist in Implementation of US Global AIDS Programs
Ending HIV-related stigma and discrimination is critical for prevention, treatment and care for millions. PHR?has analyzed the four completed PEPFAR country partnership framework agreements, plus a late-stage draft of Kenya's agreement, to determine how they address several issues related to stigma and discrimination:
- whether they promote legal and policy changes required to create a protective legal environment for women, people living with HIV/AIDS and other marginalized populations;
- whether they address health sector stigma; and
- whether they acknowledge people with disabilities as a population at heightened risk for contracting HIV. | <urn:uuid:aafdf8a2-0a78-474d-9759-981b80d48f5b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://physiciansforhumanrights.org/blog/stigma-discrimination-us-global-aids.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00384-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.903981 | 143 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Wake up and smell the coffee. Unless the coffee comes from Starbucks, in which case we'll have to find a different scent to tickle our noses. Due to skyrocketing coffee prices, Starbucks has decided to stop buying coffee. Gasp. The silence you just heard is the sound of the world screeching to a halt as people are no longer able to get out of bed in the morning.
Starbucks, a company that is known for misspelling its patrons' names and really expensive coffee, might be facing a big problem if it has to continually sit out on buying more coffee for eager customers. But due to a 90 percent rise in arabica coffee bean prices, Starbucks is doing just that. As Craig Russell, the head of coffee at Starbucks, told The Wall Street Journal, their "strategy is stability. To have stability, you don’t chase the market.”
But with coffee prices showing no signs of slowing, it seems that Starbucks might have to start chasing the market pretty soon, which will mean that your over-priced cup of morning Joe is about to become even more expensive. And while Starbucks has said that it will try to keep prices stable, this may not be possible with the prices of milk and sugar on the rise as well.
But despite this news, Starbucks is continuing its expansion in North America, with CEO Howard Schultz saying last week that Starbucks is "significantly under-stored." Because apparently, until you're sleeping in a Starbucks, there just aren't enough in the world. This year alone, the company is planning on adding another 600 locations in North America. In New York City, where two Starbucks are often separated by less than a block, this seems a bit like overkill.
However, Starbucks is largely unfazed by the rising prices of coffee because their new gameplan seems to be food. The new expansion plan focuses on lunch and dinner options for customers who would rather go to a coffee chain than McDonalds for a quick bite to eat. As Starbucks chief financial officer Troy Alstead said to The Motley Fool , Starbucks "will increasingly be seen as a destination for a quick, delicious and high-quality lunch."
But even this idea may be ill-fated, as rises in pork prices accompany an epidemic killing millions of piglets, and dairy prices remain at an all-time high.
Given this unhappy news, it seems that Starbucks would do well to find alternative sources for its coffee beans. Unfortunately, Brazil grows about 40 percent of the world's arabica coffee beans, making it the largest coffee producer. Due to a severe drought, this year's harvest is expected to be less than ideal, causing prices to burgeon.
And it isn't just coffee. If you thought you could get your daily dosage of caffeine from other hot beverages, think again. Droughts in Asia are also threatening tea supplies, and with this year's impending El Niño bringing the potential of severe and unusual weather patterns, it seems that crops across the world might be vulnerable to nature's wrath.
So stock up while you can on your caffeine supply — who knows when you might get it again? | <urn:uuid:2f2c6568-1c07-415a-875b-b36600cedc78> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bustle.com/articles/22627-dont-panic-but-starbucks-cant-afford-coffee-anymore-and-this-is-terrible-news-for-your%20 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.968938 | 644 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Issues of transparency and liquidity have taken on particular relevance.
Investors feel more confident buying if they know what they’re getting for their money. The more confidence investors have in a company, the more likely they are to trade in its shares. And the more shares that trade, the lower the cost of capital for that firm.
Transparency is associated with higher liquidity, which reduces the cost of capital and increases firm value, according to accounting professor Mark Lang. But the benefit of increasing transparency differs depending on the business environment.
“The question is: Is there any benefit that attaches to increasing transparency?” Lang said. “That’s what we’re interested in.”
Lang and his colleagues measured bid-ask spreads to document transaction costs and counted the number of zero-return days to assess liquidity. Narrow bid-ask spreads indicated reduced transaction costs, and more zero-return days showed investors’ willingness to trade in the firm’s shares.
They looked at a number of factors to determine the amount of transparency:
- Evidence of earnings management
- Quality of accounting standards
- Quality of auditors
- Amount of analyst following
- Accuracy of analyst forecasts
Firms with greater transparency along each of those dimensions had lower transaction costs and greater liquidity, which translated into substantially lower cost of capital and, consequently,
higher firm value.
The relation between transparency and liquidity was more pronounced in periods of high volatility, when investor protection and disclosure requirements are poor and when ownership is more concentrated, the researchers found. Their findings suggest that firm-level transparency matters more when overall uncertainty is greater.
“Issues of transparency and liquidity have taken on particular relevance in light of recent disruptions in securities markets,” Lang said.
He focused his research on an international setting, where transparency and liquidity issues were likely to be more pronounced. While the U.S. market tends to be relatively transparent and homogeneous, the recent financial crisis has highlighted that liquidity varies widely across and within asset classes. Factors such as auditor choice, accounting standards, earnings smoothing and analyst following can have different implications internationally than in the United States.
In countries that have few rules protecting minority investors, transparency is all the more important. Other researchers have looked at transparency and liquidity primarily at the country level; Lang took into account factors at the firm level as well. The financial reporting quality, oversight by regulators and auditors, investor protection, analyst following and managerial incentives all played a part.
Firms following international accounting standards and those audited by top-tier audit firms had greater transparency, Lang found.
Companies can boost their transparency by holding themselves to higher accounting standards and hiring a well-respected auditor, for instance. Investors are more willing to invest when they have confidence that the firm directors are unlikely to expropriate firm assets, to overpay themselves or to mismanage earnings.
For example, earnings management tends to be more prevalent in international contexts, where oversight is weak and incentives to create opacity are strong. Although events inside and outside of a firm affect its profitability, the investor is privy only to what the firm reports. When a company manages reported earnings by, for example, smoothing out fluctuations in underlying cash flows, the investor has less information on what is really going on inside the firm and will be less willing to invest.
Similarly, analysts appeared to be important players in increased transparency and liquidity. Analysts gather and aggregate information from public and private sources, effectively disciplining firm reporting choices and improving transparency. The accuracy of analysts’ forecasts is a measure of the availability of information about the underlying economies of the firm, Lang concluded.
Lang’s research suggested that firms followed by more analysts who were able to accurately forecast earnings also experienced greater liquidity and lower cost of capital. From a firm’s perspective, the results suggested that efforts to increase analyst following and keep the market well-informed about important developments at the firm through improved investor relations, for example, have the potential to increase firm value.
“If there is more information available to market participants, either through public disclosure or private information acquisition,” Lang said, “analyst forecasts should be more accurate.”
Overall, the results suggested that firms have substantial control over the liquidity in their shares and cost of capital if they made choices likely to increase transparency. In terms of cost of capital and firm value, Lang’s results suggested that transparency is primarily important in terms of its effects on liquidity. Not only did more transparent firms enjoy greater liquidity, but the research suggests direct effects of that increase in liquidity on cost of capital as measured by the discount rate investors apply in valuing firms and, ultimately, in price they are willing to pay for the firm’s shares.
“But, obviously, disclosure costs money,” Lang said.
Firms that decide to increase transparency by improving investor relations, issuing press releases, holding conference calls with analysts, enhancing internal accounting systems and hiring more expensive auditors clearly incur additional direct costs.
“While it is easy to focus on the costs of increased transparency,” Lang said, “our goal was to provide insights into the potential benefits. Our results suggest that more transparent firms benefit in terms of increased liquidity and, potentially, higher valuations on the stock market. In trading off the costs and benefits, transparency is particularly important in crisis periods and when uncertainty is greater.”
Although Lang’s analysis was based on a broad sample of international firms, the overall message applies to firms everywhere.
“Investors prefer to own and trade in shares of firms that are more forthcoming,” he said, “and transparency potentially benefits not only shareholders but also executives through higher share price.”
Mark Lang is the Thomas W. Hudson Jr./Deloitte & Touche Distinguished Professor of Accounting. | <urn:uuid:037a9b34-5dde-4717-b5ae-3f9eccc434f6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.kenan-flagler.unc.edu/faculty/roi-magazine/spring-2010/interest-full-disclosure.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00075-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955762 | 1,213 | 1.953125 | 2 |
In 2020, the Philippines was the worst performing economy in Asia with a 9.6% GDP contraction. Nine East Asian economies reported their First Quarter (Q1) 2021 GDP as of this writing, and the Philippines is again the worst performing: China’s Q1 2021 GDP is 18.3%, Taiwan’s is 8.2%, Hong Kong’s 7.8%, Vietnam’s 4.5%, South Korea’s 1.8%, Singapore’s 0.2%, Malaysia’s -0.5%, Indonesia’s -0.7%, and the Philippines’s -4.2%.
There are many proposals that are supposedly meant to help the Philippines recover faster. For this piece, I will deal with two of those proposals: 1.) government spending must expand, and, 2.) there should be “green path” to recovery.
Among the Opinion pieces here in BusinessWorld arguing for (1) is “Why we need extraordinary government spending” (by Men Sta. Ana, May 16) and arguing for (2) is “How to ensure a green recovery from the pandemic” (by Nazrin Camille D. Castro, April 27).
Both arguments are wrong and not based on hard facts.
For (1), it has been done — government spending grew double-digits in 2020 and Q1 2021 but this was not enough, or government may have worsened contraction in household spending and private investments because these two constitute the largest portions of GDP (see Table 1).
Spain and the UK also did (1), their budget balance as percentage of GDP expanded four to six times: for Spain, -2.9% in 2019 to -11.5% in 2020, and for the UK, -2.3% in 2019 to -13.4% in 2020. And yet they are the worst performing countries among the world’s top 50 largest economies in 2020: Spain’s GDP was -11.0% and the UK’s GDP was -9.9% (see https://www.bworldonline.com/10-reasons-to-lift-the-lockdown/, April 26).
There is a close positive relationship between power generation and GDP growth, so if we want to propel faster and sustained economic recovery, our electricity production and power supply should rise more at competitive and cheaper prices. In Table 2, I divided the selected countries (all belong to the top 50 largest economies in the world) into group A, Europe; group B, North and South America’s largest economies, and group C, major East Asian economies.
Table 2 shows two important trends:
One, as experienced by many countries, as the percent change in power generation declines from the 2000s to 2010s, average GDP growth also declines.
Two, European economies with low and anemic growth have a high share of wind-solar over total power generation. Conversely, Asian economies with fast growth have a low share of wind solar over total power generation.
The Philippines needs to prioritize more growth and economic dynamism, more businesses and job creation, and this is possible only with more fossil fuel use, not less. Or use nuclear power but many people are still scared of it.
Efforts to attain “net zero” carbon emission by 2050 or 2040 for the Philippines will be counter-productive and poverty expanding, not reducing. As of 2020, wind + solar + biomass combined contributed only 3.5% of total electricity generation. Geothermal + hydro contributed 17.7% of the total. So, the total RE share is 21.2% of total electricity generation. To demand that this should rise to 100% by 2050 is unrealistic and irrational.
Concerns about climate change is understandable but climate change is natural (nature made), not man-made. It is cyclical (warming-cooling) and not “unprecedented, unequivocal warming” since the planet Earth was born about 4.6 billion years ago. We do not “fight” what is naturally and cyclically occurring and, in the process, condemn our economy and people to perennial poverty.
Bienvenido S. Oplas, Jr. is the president of Minimal Government Thinkers | <urn:uuid:8c3045e4-34b8-4604-b378-5970e43c2b29> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bworldonline.com/opinion/2021/05/17/369054/gdp-contraction-government-overspending-and-non-green-recovery/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.93316 | 891 | 2.25 | 2 |
For Women’s History Month this year, thousands of people around the country are commemorating the 100th anniversary of the Triangle Fire.
On Saturday, March 25, 1911, flames engulfed a sweatshop just off of Washington Square, in New York City, where women’s shirtwaist blouses were made. One hundred and forty-six workers, mostly young Jewish and Italian girls, were burned to death by the fire or jumped to their deaths to escape. Doors were locked and the fire ladders couldn’t reach the top floors of the burning building.
Women died at their sewing machines, but they didn’t have the right to vote in elections. The fire was an historic turning point for the country. The movement for social justice took on new urgency. Workplace safety legislation became a reality, the union movement gained momentum, and eventually women won the right to vote.
March is a time to celebrate the progress that women have made since the Triangle Fire, but there is also reason to pause and consider the fight that continues. We need only turn to Wisconsin. Governor Walker’s outright attack on unions is, indeed, a fundamental attack on working women. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, over half of state workers and 61 percent of city workers are women. Thirty-one percent of state workers and 42 percent of local government workers belong to unions. They earn better wages than those who are not union members and the pay gap between women and men is smaller among union members.
We can learn from Eleanor Roosevelt, who believed that all workers had a right to a voice at work.
When teachers went on strike in New York City in 1962, shortly before her death, she wrote that there was no “method of complaint and adjustment that could take the place of collective bargaining with the ultimate possibility of a strike.” She concluded that “Under the present set-up teachers have no other recourse but to strike to draw attention to their legitimate complaints.” Female public employees in Wisconsin followed Roosevelt’s advise and joined unions.
Governor Walker should listen to Eleanor Roosevelt. He would learn that his time might be more productively spent cooperating with the women who teach our children and care for the sick and meet the needs of the public everyday. He could learn to solicit their ideas on how to improve services and reduce costs, then negotiate solutions. Wisconsin government could be a model of a democratic workplace, rather than a leader in an effort to dismantle workers’ rights. The women of Wisconsin are joining the spirit of their sisters in the Triangle Fire and they are fighting back. They need our support. As Eleanor Roosevelt said, “We can’t just talk, we have got to act.”
Sign the petition below to support Wisconsin’s women workers.
[iframe http://www.msmagazine.com/blog_care2_wisconsin.asp 240]
Excerpted from New Deal 2.0, with permission.
Photo of Women’s Trade Union League in Labor Day parade via Wikimedia Commons. | <urn:uuid:289380c1-3615-4e63-9fb8-554ded15619b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://msmagazine.com/blog/2011/03/23/from-the-triangle-fire-to-wisconsin-rights-for-women-workers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00317-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974809 | 630 | 3.078125 | 3 |
The simplest way to get started with MagicTest is to use the Eclipse plug-in with the provided example project:
Download the Eclipse plug-in from the download section of the MagicTest website.
Copy the file magictest-eclipse.jar file into the dropins folder of your Eclipse installation.
Download the MagicTest-Examples project contained in the magictest-examples.zip and import it into your workspace.
Run the tests with "Run As / MagicTest" from the default run menu or the command "Run test" from the MagicTest context menu.
Check the HTML report automatically shown after running the test.
The examples project is setup to include MagicTest in the classpath. If you want to use MagicTest in your own project, do the following:
Navigate to your test project, open the Java Build Path dialog and select the tab Libraries. Press "Add Library...", select MagicTest and press Finish. | <urn:uuid:35653076-f81f-49ce-aed1-b4db733f1d95> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.magicwerk.org/page-magictest-quickstart.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00337-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.767435 | 196 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Form a Maine Corporation
Form your Maine (ME) corporation online now. Maine incorporation has never been easier. Incorporate in Maine with the Maine incorporation experts. We will assist you with forming your Maine corporation, the right way. To get started, simply click on “Order Now.” Please feel free to call us, anytime, with any questions.
Incorporating in Maine
Incorporating in Maine can be vital to businesses based of Maine. At LawInc, we prepare your Maine corporation Articles of Incorporation, bylaws, stock certificates, stock ledger and more. We can even obtain your Maine corporation Tax ID number and file your Maine S corporation election with the IRS.
Maine Incorporation Information
The following Maine incorporation information will likely be helpful when deciding to incorporate in Maine.
Maine Corporation Name
The first step in forming a Maine corporation is selecting the business name. Maine corporation names:
- Need not contain any specific word or abbreviation.
- Shall not contain language stating or implying that the corporation is organized for a purpose other than that permitted by law and its articles of incorporation.
- Must be distinguishable from the name of other entities incorporated, organized or authorized to transact business in Maine, and any assumed, fictitious, reserved or registered name.
An available Maine corporation name may be reserved for a 120 day period.
LawInc.com permits you to choose up to three names and will conduct a name search for your Maine corporation, prior to filing.
Maine Corporation Formation
Maine Filing Procedure: To incorporate in Maine, you must file Maine Articles of Incorporation with the Maine Secretary of State.
The Maine Articles of incorporation should include:
- Name of the Maine corporation.
- Number of shares the Maine corporation is authorized to issue.
- Name and address of the registered agent / clerk.
- The number and classes of shares.
- Whether the corporation will be managed by a board of directors or shareholders.
- The number of directors.
- Name and address of each Maine incorporator.
- Signature of each Maine incorporator.
Maine Corporation Authorized Shares: There is no provision for minimum authorized shares. There is no minimum amount of paid in capital required to commence business.
Maine Incorporator: Minimum number of incorporators is one (1) and there is no requirement that the incorporator be a resident of Maine.
Maine Corporate Directors: The minimum number of directors is 1. A Maine corporation director must be a natural person at least 18 years old. Directors need not be listed in the articles.
Maine Corporation Purpose: A Maine corporation may engage in business for any lawful business unless a more limited purpose is set forth in the Articles of Incorporation. It is not required that the purpose or purposes of the Maine corporation be set forth in the Articles of Incorporation.
Maine Corporation 1244 Stock: Election to have stock classified as IRC Section 1244 stock allows for a substantially larger application of the deduction from business losses to ordinary income than regular stock. With regular stock, you can only offset $3,000 against ordinary income. With the issuance of Section 1244 Stock, the corporation can claim an ordinary loss deduction of as much $100,000.
Maine Registered Agent / Maine Registered Office and Initial Clerk: A Maine corporation must maintain a registered office (the registered office, which may, but need not be, the corporation’s place of business) and clerk, who is a natural person resident in the State of Maine to receive service of process in Maine.
Maine Corporation Limitation of Directors’ Liability: The articles of incorporation may contain a provision stating that “to the fullest extent permitted by 13-C MRSA §202.2.D, a director shall have no liability to the Corporation or its shareholders for money damages for an action taken or a failure to take an action as a director.”
Maine Professional Corporation: Maine Professional corporations are corporations organized for the purpose of providing professional services. Typically, professional corporations must be organized for the sole purpose of rendering professional services of the licensed practitioners. Examples of professional service corporations are accountants, attorneys, chiropractors, dentists, registered nurses and veterinarians. The Maine professional corporation name must contain one of the following: “chartered,” “professional corporation,” “professional association” or “service corporation” or the abbreviation “P.C.,” “P.A.” or “S.C.”.
Maine Corporation Post-Filing Requirements
Maine Corporation Annual Report: Maine corporations are required to file an annual report with the Secretary of State on June 1 of every year. For more information, visit https://www10.informe.org/aro/index_on.html.
Maine Corporate Minutes: Maine corporations should hold and document annual shareholder and director meetings.
Maine Corporation Taxes
Maine Corporation Taxes: For information on the Maine state income tax rate, visit: http://www.state.me.us/revenue
Maine C Corporation: All Maine corporations formed by default are “C” corporations. A Maine C corporation is a Maine corporation that has not made an election to be an “S” corporation. The term C corporation is specifically used because the entity is taxed under subsection C of the IRS code. Maine C corporations are taxed at two levels (“double taxation”). This means that the corporation itself pays its own tax when it makes money (the first tax). The owners or shareholders are then taxed again when they are paid a salary or dividend by the corporation (the second tax). Despite double taxation, Maine C corporations offer many planning and benefit opportunities.
Maine S Corporation: A Maine S corporation is a corporation that has made an election with the IRS to be treated for tax purposes as a “pass-through entity.” This means that corporate profits and losses are passed through to the shareholders (owners) who report them on their own personal tax returns and pay the tax at the individual level. The corporation pays no federal income tax at the corporate level. Maine S corporations are not subject to the double taxation C corporations encounter. The State of Maine recognizes S corporation status. Maine does not require a state election.
These are the 3 main advantages of forming a Maine S corporation:
- No double taxation: One of the main advantages of Maine S corporation status is that it avoids the double taxation that occurs with a regular Maine C corporation. In a Maine C corporation, the corporation pays income tax on its profits and, if those profits are distributed to shareholders, the shareholders pay income tax on the distribution.
- Loss deductions: The availability of losses. Shareholders of a Maine S corporation generally may deduct their share of the corporation’s net operating loss on their individual tax returns in the year the loss occurs. Losses of a Maine C corporation, however, may offset only the corporation’s earnings.
- Self-employment tax savings: By electing S corporation status, only the earnings actually paid out to you as salary are subject to payroll taxes; money left in the business is not subject to payroll taxes or self-employment tax. All income passes through, but its tax status depends on whether it is classified as salary or ordinary income.
Federal Tax Identification Number/Employer Identification Number (EIN): The Federal Tax Identification Number, also known as the Employer Identification Number (EIN) is a number that is assigned to a business by the Internal Revenue Service. An EIN is like a Social Security Number for a business. It is a requisite for certain business functions such as opening bank accounts or hiring employees. All Maine corporations should obtain an EIN.
Maine Corporation Dissolution
Maine Corporation State Dissolution Requirements: A Maine corporation can be voluntarily dissolved by filing Articles of Dissolution with the Maine Secretary of State. When a Maine corporation dissolves it can no longer do business and is required to wind up its affairs and distribute its assets appropriately.
Maine Corporation Federal/IRS Dissolution Requirements: Corporations are required to file IRS Form 966, Corporate Dissolution or Liquidation. A final tax return should be filed with the IRS. Form 966 should be filed along with the final tax return. Final state tax returns may also need to be filed. Follow up with an accountant regarding all tax related requirements. | <urn:uuid:581ef7c8-a21b-49e9-887f-e04f6fbbe8f7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lawinc.com/learning-center/maine-incorporation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.910396 | 1,758 | 1.75 | 2 |
‘ELC’ English Courses (1973) is accredited by Accreditation Service for International Schools, Colleges and Universities (ASIC). The Institution has earned Premier status with ASIC for its commendable areas of operation. ASIC accreditation helps students and parents make a more informed choice and will also help a school, college, university, training provider or distance education provider, demonstrate to the international student body that they are a high quality institution.
ASIC is recognised by UKVI in UK, is a member of the CHEA International Quality Group (CIQG) in USA and is listed in their International Directory, is a member of the BQF (British Quality Foundation) and are institutional members of EDEN (European Distance and E-Learning Network).
‘ELC’ is on the UKRLP (UK Register of Learning Providers) used by government departments, agencies learners and employers to share key information about learning providers. The information on this register is shared across agencies such as the Skills Funding Agency, the Higher Education Funding Council for England and the Universities and Colleges Admission Service (UCAS). UKPRN : 10040510
English Language Courses (‘ELC’) is certified by the University of Cambridge as a part of Language Assesment. Cambridge English Language Assessment provides the world’s leading range of qualifications for learners and teachers of English. They work in over 130 countries delivering exams for nearly 4 million people a year with a mission to be experts in language assessment and delivering excellence and innovation.
Changes to Cambridge English
Mr McBurney (McB) is a member of Reading Abbey Rotary Club – https://www.rotary-ribi.org/clubs/homepage.php?ClubID=563
|Winter / Spring Term||11th January until 1st April||2021|
|Easter vacation||2nd April until 12th April||2021|
|Summer / Autumn Term||12th April until 10th December||2021|
|National Public Holidays||2nd & 5th April, 3rd & 31st May, 30th August.||2020| | <urn:uuid:f7a1150f-c8ea-44f4-88f1-854273f119b3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.elclondonstreet.co.uk/accreditation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.928296 | 454 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Using cPanel? Great it helps with a lot of things for a non linux admin to be up and running. But SSLs it is cPanel’s way or the highway! But if you have a wildcard SSL cert you can use in it a couple of ways! One is easy if you are starting out fresh (lot more of a pain if you are not). The second requires use of SSH and the command line (CLI)
1: The best way in cPanel would be to create each subdomain as a stand alone account with a dedicated IP. Doing it this way would allow the wildcard cert to install with almost no issues just as a normal SSL install would be done via WHM (Web Host Manager). Just change the domain name field in the install section from *.domain.com to sub.domain.com. And make sure you put in the right username for the sub domain account you are currently installing for. This will be the case for the IP also usually it put just 0 for the IP field, just put the dedicated IP in.
2: Now for the tricky way. A single account with the subdomains under it sharing a dediated IP. First install the wildcard SSL cert for the main domain. Follow the method above to install it, but use just domain.com instead of *.domain.com or sub.domain.com. Make sure the IP is correct and the username is the user for the domain account (see below if the account is using the main shared IP). It should install fine. Now for the fun part. SSH into the server and navigate to:
You will be editing the apache conf file httpd.conf (yes I use nano got a problem with it mister pretty VIM?)
In here you will find the SSL based vhost you just made via WHM. Browse down to domain.com in the IP:443 (SSL port) section and copy it. It would look something like this (PROTIP: do not copy my example use the actual one from your server):
Now we will copy this to the pre_virtualhost_global.conf file.
Once copied we will need to edit this file to match the subdoain you are adding the wildcard SSL support for. Only the SSL section will not change as this is using the same cert file as it is a wildcard. Main things to get will be ServerName, ServerAlias, and DocumentRoot. You will also want to make sure the names and paths to the log files have been modified unless you hate logs.
You will also want to ensure in the main httpd.conf file under the NameVirtualHost sections there is one listed for your IP:443 . If this doesnt exist you will want to add it to the include file as well above the vhosts you created.
Restart apache and you should be all set.
The reason for adding this to the includes/pre_main_global.conf is to keep cpanel from modifying or removing the vhost. As we all know if you hand edit the apache httpd.conf file cPanel will not be happy and just undue your changes the next update and or rebuild. That is why they give us the include files options for vhosts and the config as a whole.
If The domain is on the main shared IP the process is mainly the same. The initial install will be install the cert under the “nobody” user as WHM will not allow a SSL to be installed on the main shared IP unless it is the apache user “nobody”. When you then make the vhosts make sure to change all of the “nobody” references to the user of the account. This will include SUEXEC and SuPHP primarily but it can be others depending on your setup. Also you will need to edit the main httpd.conf and modify the initial install for the mina domain’s 443 vhost entry and change the “nobody” references to the user in question. After that distill the apache conf:
You can then test to make sure it remembered the setting by rebuilding the conf and restarting apache:
Now check the httpd.conf to make sure the 443 vhost did not revert to having the nobody user listed.
Now this wouldn’t be an issue on a non cPanel box using a wildcard SSL as in the rest of the linux world shared IPs do not matter. It is done this way in cPanel to to it being able to easily help you manage. But on the bright side once you do this you have a nice template and can inside of WHM-Apache Configuration-Included Editor-Pre VirtualHost Include
you can copy and edit to add a new subdomain. Another thing to note if your current setup could be a mix of the above to use a single wildcard SSL cert. Just install each subdomain as for what is fitting for that situation. | <urn:uuid:85a15829-1968-4173-8edb-428d252b4a08> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mosmostech.com/2011/09/wildcard-ssl-certs-and-cpanel/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.917098 | 1,033 | 1.703125 | 2 |
The FEIS, issued for public comment in September 2013, assesses the potential transportation and environmental impacts and benefits of the Purple Line Preferred Alternative and the No Build Alternative.
"This announcement, coupled with the FTA's recommendation for funding earlier this month, moves the Purple Line one step closer to construction," said Maryland Gov. Martin O'Malley. "The Purple Line is another great example of our efforts to invest in our critical infrastructure, reducing congestion, improving our environment and driving transit ridership."
The FTA's Record of Decision marks the end of an extensive process to identify and then avoid, minimize or mitigate possible impacts to communities, historic buildings and natural resources such as parks, wetlands, streams and trees.
Now that the FTA has approved the FEIS and has recommended the project be partially financed through a Full Funding Grant Agreement, the MTA can move into the next phase of the project, which includes selecting a private partner to finalize design, build, finance, operate and maintain the project. Currently, MTA is working with four private-sector teams, who will submit proposals through a competitive process this year. In late 2014 or early 2015, MTA will select a preferred partner and recommend the final agreement to the Board of Public Works for its review and approval. Construction is planned to begin in 2015, with the line operational in late 2020.
The Purple Line is a 16-mile light-rail line that runs east-west inside the Capital Beltway between Bethesda in Montgomery County and New Carrollton in Prince George's County with 21 stations planned that will provide direct connections to Metrorail's Orange Line, Green Line and two branches of the Red Line and the MARC Brunswick, Camden and Penn Lines. Estimated ridership by 2040 is expected to be more than 74,000 and construction is estimated to create 6,300 regional jobs during the five-year construction period.
The total project cost is $2.371 billion, with the private sector expected to invest between $500 and $900 million. A combination of federal, state and local monies also will be used to fund the project. | <urn:uuid:83b388a6-36f4-4f4e-98aa-a6a2e01b090e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.rtands.com/index.php/passenger/rapid-transit-light-rail/fta-grants-maryland-purple-line-environmental-approval.html?channel=TEST | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00238-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941206 | 424 | 1.984375 | 2 |
For the owners and operators of franchise businesses, success rests on the ability to establish and maintain a relationship with customers that will result in sales. Franchise marketing efforts are foundational to reaching an audience and growing the business.
However, franchise marketing campaigns can be undermined by common marketing mistakes, resulting in fragmented brand identities, lost opportunities, and the misuse of resources, working against the achievement of franchise goals.
5 Common Franchise Marketing Mistakes
1. Inconsistent Branding
Franchise brand consistency is required to build a strong brand identity that customers can easily identify and connect with on an emotional level. Inconsistent branding is a marketing mistake that weakens messaging, which can lead to confusion, loss of trust, and a perception of lower quality to the audience.
Brand identity defines the business, creating differentiation and competitive advantage in a crowded marketplace. 90% of consumers expect a consistent experience across all channels of interaction with a company. An inconsistent message disappoints consumer expectations, diluting brand identity and ultimately, creating a disconnect with the target audience.
2. Ignoring Local Trends
A costly franchise marketing mistake is not paying enough attention to local trends and losing the opportunity for timely campaigns that are relevant to local consumers.
The value of local marketing is being recognized by national brands, who are investing more money in local efforts. A recent study shows that investments in local advertising are expected to increase from $61 billion in 2016 to $74 billion by 2021.
Appealing to a local audience using local trends is an excellent way to form a connection with customers, personalizing brand messaging to strengthen the bond between product and consumer.
3. Not Producing Enough Content
When a brand isn’t producing enough content, they don’t stay fresh in the mind of the consumer. This common marketing mistake creates a lack of access to marketing assets such as flyers, menus, coupons and promotional offers severely limits how franchises can reach customers, limiting the potential to grow sales and revenues.
Relevant, updated content can improve business results in many ways. Research found that 81% of marketers found content marketing to increase brand awareness, and 68% found it successful in building credibility and trust and generating leads and sales.
4. Lack of Marketing Alignment
If the franchise goals and objectives are not aligned with those of the corporate office, it can result in a breakdown in support and communication between headquarters and locations.
A clear statement of corporate goals and objectives, with a natural understanding of how franchise activities contribute to achieving those goals, is the first step in keeping corporate and franchise activities aligned and focused on the same ends.
5. Inefficient Marketing Workflows
A lack of formalized marketing workflows for distributing on-brand marketing materials between locations results in significant inefficiencies, resulting in wasted time and resources. This marketing mistake causes franchisees to create new marketing assets unnecessarily, expending time, money, and effort that they could better use elsewhere.
Addressing Franchise Marketing Mistakes
Marketers can address many of the marketing mistakes that are common among franchises by implementing a comprehensive distributed marketing resource platform that provides structured workflows between headquarters and franchises.
A distributed marketing platform, like CampaignDrive, can help a company create a source of accessible marketing materials with limited customization, that can be used by franchises to create on-brand, timely, and relevant marketing materials.
CampaignDrive allows corporate teams to easily share branded assets with franchise locations to eliminate one-off requests and empower local marketing teams to quickly react to regional forces. CampaignDrive empowers companies to streamline marketing workflows and improve efficiency and leverage a reporting tool which allows for improvements in ROI and the channeling of available resources.
Request a consultation with our team to ensure your franchise locations have the skills and tools needed to maximize marketing efforts at every level.
- https://contentmarketinginstitute.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/2019_B2B_Research_Final-10_10_18.pdf -- page 36 | <urn:uuid:c411a956-72e9-4c58-9f73-8902071a0952> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pica9.com/blog/5-common-marketing-mistakes-your-franchise-might-be-making | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.919183 | 886 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Join us on an inner journey in which Restorative Yoga and Sound Bath are combined, and where rest, relaxation and recovery are central.
– CONTENT OF THE WORKSHOP –
Restorative Yoga is aimed at deep relaxation and activation of the parasympathetic nervous system (the part of the autonomic nervous system that ensures that we can enter a state of rest and recovery.). You will make extensive use of bolsters, blocks and blankets to support the body. By using all these props, your body can fully surrender to gravity.
Restorative Yoga is not about strengthening nor stretching the body, but about complete relaxation. As the poses are held for a longer period of time, you will get the chance to turn inwards more deeply and observe what you are experiencing in the present moment.
The workshop is a combination of restorative yoga postures, pranayama (breathing) and meditation techniques, concluding with a long savasana. All of this is accompanied by the healing sounds of “singing bowls”. Sound bath provides a deeper energetic experience of inner peace and awareness (insight/renewal). Your physical body and your emotional and mental layers come together in harmony.
– FOR WHOM IS THIS WORKSHOP? –
The Restorative Yoga & Sound Bath Experience is suitable for people with and without experience with Restorative Yoga, of all ages and all levels. If you feel tired, stressed, overworked, sick or injured, restorative yoga can help you restore, heal and recharge the body.
– WHAT YOU WILL LEARN –
Turning your attention inwards, awareness of the physical body, emotions and thoughts, and active relaxation.
– KEY TAKE AWAY –
Deep relaxation, and from that starting point gaining new insights, and to make rest a priority in everyday life.
– ABOUT THE TEACHERS –
“Yoga has been a big part of my life for many years, and since I went to India to do my teacher training, it has become a lifestyle that I like to share with others. Coming home to yourself… That’s what my yoga classes are aimed at: giving people the space to turn their attention inward, increase their awareness and be in the here and now. I also use my background in psychology and mindfulness.”
Frank “Klank” Mannens: Frank Mannens, also known as Frank Klank, is an experienced and passionate singing bowls player. He offers meditative singing bowls concerts and also cooperates with other musicians, singers and yoga-teachers. The sounds of Frank Klank bring you in contact with your body on a deep level. He plays the singing bowls in an intuitive way, ‘knowing’ what sound is needed at that moment.
Each singing bowl has its own character, tone and timbre. Long lasting tones are created. The singing bowls have a relaxing effect. His singing bowl meditations can be listened to on Spotify, Soundcloud and Insight Timer.
– LANGUAGE –
Restorative & Klank is taught in Dutch or English, depending on the students’ preference. | <urn:uuid:0e7b15a4-ac83-469a-a082-b10a47708a18> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.frankklank.nl/en/portfolio-items/november-20-restorative-yoga-sound-bath-experience-lisa-and-frank-tula/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.937477 | 655 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Who we are
We are a non-profit, philanthropic organization that works independently to broaden the debate on and the possibilities of care for mental illnesses prevention and mental health promotion in Brazil.
We support initiatives and projects that provide, through mental health, an improvement in the quality of life for all people, with a particular focus on adolescents and women.
We provide grants for the development and offering of tools and interventions that can create effective solutions and generate best practices in mental health, with the potential to be scaled, and we support the development of scientific evidence, as well as practical tools to support the public sector in its mission to provide accessible and high quality mental health care to all.
We believe mental health
is a collective effort
We believe that mental health is a collective responsibility, therefore we focus on building an ecosystem that enables an open dialogue between civil society, academia, and the private and public sectors, and on developing partnerships aimed at influencing public policy and fostering innovation in mental health.
August 3, 2020
São Paulo, Monday, August 3, 2020, Brazil in a pandemic: After spending a long time developing an innovative idea, social investor Maria Fernanda Resende Quartiero founded the Cactus Institute. The organization was created for the purpose of transforming the future of Brazilian society through mental health, and the symbol chosen to represent it shows what the institute stands for: the cactus represents strength, persistence and adaptability, and it is has extreme resistance, just like the human mind.
The road to get here was long: Since childhood Maria Fernanda has been involved in initiatives for the care of others, together with her family. First it was with her paternal grandmother and mother, and later with her mother-in-law and friends, different generations of women who bet on care. But something always bothered her; repeatedly putting out fires year after year wasn’t enough and this social investor felt impotent facing structural problems that created such demand for basic necessities.
When she realized that none of the social sectors that received investment prioritized the subjectivities of the groups being cared for, that is, who they are, what they feel and how they relate to the world based on their own successes and frailties, our founder had identified a gap: how can you understand someone without understanding their mental health?
She knew it would be impossible to raise educational levels, improve performance on the job, reduce violence, increase access to healthcare and many other basic necessities, without taking into account that the protagonist of this whole story is the individual. That was when she started this pioneering work with mental health in Brazil. This work becomes more essential every day because of its omnipresence in all facets of life; undeniably, mental health is everywhere. Around here we say that mental health is everybody’s business, and it is everywhere, though sometimes silently.
Since then, we have been working tirelessly to promote this debate in all areas of society and we have consolidated our choice of which groups to prioritize to maximize the impact: working with adolescents’ and women’s mental health is potentially transforming and all of society benefits.
As part of the effort to base our work on evidence and data, one of our first steps was to form a strong partnership with the Veredas Institute to prepare and publish a first-ever report on the pathways to working with mental health in Brazil. We presented an overall panorama of the field around the world, with the main approaches, necessities, opportunities and strategies, and we mapped some of the pathways and main gaps in the area.
In the foreword, we had the honor of having two voices who work side by side in mental health and who represent so many of the other voices in this field, reinforcing our belief that by combining knowledge and vision we will go further.
Since then, we have increased our work on projects that impact mental health structurally, joining forces with civil society, government and the private sector.
We believe that, with the diversity of perspectives, backgrounds, generations and ecosystems building the mental-health narrative, we will be closer to making the cultural change we want and need for a future that is both healthier and possible. We will keep working continuously and permanently to make a positive impact on mental health in Brazil.
Our mission is to improve the quality of life for every person by supporting projects in mental illnesses prevention and mental health promotion. We aim to expand initiatives that value each person as the protagonist of their own journey when it comes to mental health and that contribute to democratizing the access to high quality and affordable mental health care.
We finance projects and initiatives, advocate, communicate, and strengthen the mental health ecosystem in order to achieve our goals of access to mental health care to all in Brazil, especially to adolescents and women, which are, for us, key groups to transform the mental health scenario in Brazil.READ ABOUT OUR PROJECTS
We dream of a future in which our society is committed to improving mental health, particularly with regards to its promotion and prevention, since a healthier future depends on proactive actions we take in the present. We want to strengthen the mental health ecosystem in Brazil and build networks and alliances across all social sectors. We know that there is no way to improve other social agendas without first tackling mental health as a social issue, therefore we design collaborative solutions and strengthen partners and allies to be multipliers in this cause.
We engage more actors to join us in our mission, so they can incorporate the “lens” of mental health into their work. We’re helping to build a future in which everyone willing to take care of their mental health has the conditions and resources to access care, by producing and sharing data, evidence and best practices with the public sector and other decision-makers in this theme.Our Manifesto
We are working for a future in
which all of society takes
care of mental health the same as we
dedicate ourselves to physical health.
To inform is to form:
we work to eliminate stigma and discrimination related to mental health, through providing quality information, and sharing best practices.
we believe in the adaptability of the human mind, in positive and systemic changes and in the power of civil society as an agent of change.
Access and equity:
all people, regardless of age, gender or social status, have the right to access high quality mental health care.
If you want
to go far,
with the combined efforts of the third sector, the private and the public sectors combined, and with a strong ecosystem around this cause, we will be better equipped to achieve our mental health goals.
We are different,
so we need
through active listening, we seek to approach mental health using segmented views, considering the specifics of each person and group.
LUCIANA ROSSI BARRANCOS
General Executive Manager
"Between stimulus and response there is a space. In that space is our power to choose our response. In our response lies our growth and our freedom."
Luciana holds bachelors’ degrees in both Business Administration and Law from Fundação Getulio Vargas, and an MBA from Stanford Graduate School of Business. With over 8 years of experience in management, investment, and social impact, Barrancos has worked at institutions such as the World Bank and mental health startups in Silicon Valley.
Psychoanalyst and professor of psychoanalysis and psychopathology at the Institute of Psychology at USP
Professor and Head of the Department of Global Health and Population at the Harvard School of Public Health
Social investor and co-founder of the Generation Pledge
Journalist specialized in healthcare and founder of Futuro da Saúde
Psychiatrist and coordinator of the Anxiety Laboratory at the USP School of Medicine
We are causing structural changes
based on mental health, because
there can be no sustainable change
without focusing on the people. | <urn:uuid:d9553d4d-7c41-4660-9e97-59785701fb83> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://institutocactus.org.br/en/who-we-are/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.944851 | 1,771 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Popsicle - The
History of the Popsicle
In 1905, the Popsicle was invented by an eleven-year-old
Frank Epperson. Frank Epperson was only 11 years old when he invented
the originally named Epsicle. He had left his fruit flavored soda outside on the
porch with a stir stick in it. The drink froze to the stick and tasted
good. It took 18 more years in 1923 for Epperson to apply for a patent for a "frozen ice on a stick" called the Epsicle ice pop, which his children
re-named the Popsicle.
In 1925, Frank Epperson sold his famous Popsicle
to the Joe Lowe Company of New York. Good Humor now owns the rights
to the Popsicle.
Talk Food: Chill out with a Popsicle
Twin Popsicles (two popsicles sticks together)
were invented during the Great Depression.
Popsicle sticks were first made from
Popsicle Tips and Crafts
Stick Craft Projects - Trash to Treasure Crafts
Find many craft projects using popsicle type sticks and tongue
depressors. Popsicle sticks are always a favorite craft item to use!
A quick tip to cut down on popsicle
mess with infants and toddlers
Important disclaimer information about this About site. | <urn:uuid:eea55a3c-5ad6-4ac1-a343-7f7c066a78a8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://theinventors.org/library/inventors/blpopsicle.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00454-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940877 | 283 | 3.046875 | 3 |
KabulThe Taliban has directly threatened America. The Taliban have said that there will be dire consequences if the Biden government does not withdraw its troops from Afghanistan. Taliban spokesman Suhail Shaheen said that US President Biden has spoken of leaving Afghanistan on August 31. There is no point for Biden to back down from his point.
The Taliban clearly said that from August 31, the period cannot extend beyond a single day. If America and Britain ask for an extension of one day beyond August 31, then the answer will be no. And at the same time there will also be dire consequences.
After the Taliban occupation of Afghanistan, there is a view of despair at Kabul Airport. People are ready to give up everything and risk their lives to escape the Taliban. When Taliban spokesman Suhail Shaheen was asked on this issue, he denied this. He said, ‘Let me assure you that it is not about being worried or scared. They want to live in western countries. Because Afghanistan is a poor country and 70 percent of the people of Afghanistan live below the poverty line. That’s why everyone wants to settle for a prosperous life in western countries. It’s not about being scared.”
read this also-
135 more Indians stranded in Afghanistan reached Delhi from Doha, America transported 146 Indians through its planes
Afghanistan: Ahmed Masood’s army captured Baghlan Province, more than 300 Taliban fighters killed | <urn:uuid:dc0cfbc9-3aad-4cea-b580-be3b079bd3b6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://briardforce.com/talibans-threat-said-if-american-soldiers-do-not-return-within-the-stipulated-time-there-will-be-dire-consequences/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.949446 | 298 | 2.03125 | 2 |
SHAKO: Medal of Honor 150th Anniversary
Bravest of the Brave
At the ceremony, Navy Adm. Mike Mullen, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, hailed the medal recipients as “the bravest of the brave.”
Since President Abraham Lincoln signed the 1861 law creating the Medal of Honor, 3,543 men and one woman have been awarded the five-pointed star-shaped medal. The most recent was Army Staff Sgt. Salvatore Giunta, of the 173rd Airborne Brigade for heroism in Afghanistan.
Awarding of the medal, originally presented only to enlisted men – soldiers and sailors, not officers – until 1863, has been controversial through the years. During the Civil War, hundreds of soldiers from a Maine regiment were offered the medal if they stayed past the expiration of their enlistment just before the Battle of Gettysburg. Some soldiers and sailors received two medals – one from each service – for the same act of bravery. Numerous Civil War veterans petitioned their congressmen to receive the medal long after the war.
To clear up the mess, a board of retired generals reviewed all the medal citations up until that time. In 1917, they recommended that 911 of them be revoked including six given to civilians. They included five Army scouts during the late 19th century Indian Wars – among them William F. “Buffalo Bill” Cody – and Dr. Mary Edwards Walker, a Civil War battlefield surgeon and the only woman presented the Medal of Honor. All six civilians had their medals restored in the 20th Century.
Now according to U.S. law, the Medal of Honor is bestowed by the president in the name of Congress on members of U.S. Armed Forces who distinguish themselves through “conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his or her life above and beyond the call of duty while engaged in an action against an enemy of the United States.”
Racism played a role in the denial of the medal to African-American and Asian-American servicemen during World War II. That, too, was remedied in the 1990s when seven black soldiers and 21 Asians who received the Distinguished Service Cross – the nation’s second-highest award for valor – in World War II had their decoration upgraded to the Medal of Honor. Among them was Sen. Daniel Inouye of Hawaii, who lost an arm in Italy while serving with the vaunted 442nd Combat Team – which was made up of Japanese-Americans from Hawaii and the West Coast of the United States. Many had come from internment camps where their families were relocated during the war. A 22nd Asian-American who received the Silver Star medal in World War II was added to the medal of honor winners. Only one Japanese-American was presented with the Medal of Honor in wartime.
The first Medal of Honor winner to be decorated was Pvt. Jacob Parrott of the 33rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He was one of the Andrews Raiders, Union soldiers who slipped into the South in civilian dress in 1862, hijacked a locomotive and drove it north to Tennessee, cutting telegraph wires and trying to damage rails and burn bridges along the way.
The raid failed in its main objective and all the raiders were captured. Eight were hanged by the Confederates as Union spies, including their leader James Andrews. Eight others escaped and the remaining six were traded in prisoner exchange. In all, 19 were awarded the first Medals of Honor, including Parrott.
Andrews and William Campbell, who was also hanged, were ruled ineligible for the medal because they were civilians.
The episode has been recreated in two movies. The first was The General, a celebrated silent film directed by and starring Buster Keaton. The second, Walt Disney’s The Great Locomotive Chase, starring Fess Parker – TV’s Davy Crockett – as Andrews. | <urn:uuid:8ebd700a-0133-4d14-af20-e17c2536ee76> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://4gwar.wordpress.com/2011/03/28/shako-medal-of-honor-150th-anniversary/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00546-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.98394 | 808 | 2.796875 | 3 |
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Transcript of Desert Biome
What is it?
A desert is a barren area of land where little precipitation occurs and consequently living conditions are hostile for plant and animal life.
What makes this biome unique?
Even though the desert doesn't get much rain, there is surprisingly a good amount of animals that have adapted to its extreme conditions.
One of the plants that are in the desert is called desert sage.The flowers are deep blue with purple bracts. They grow to be about to be 2-3 meters in height. Another flower would be, the desert marigold. They grow to be about 10 and 30 inches.
average daytime temperature is 100°F (37.7°c), while at night the average temperature is 25°F (-3.8°c).
How much precipitation
Where is this biome located?
Many deserts are located 30 latitude south and 30 degrees latitude north of the equator
By: Mari & Ling-Ling
The precipitation the desert gets, is less than 10 inches or 25 centimeters a year.
Average temperature in the desert
What animals live there?
There are many animals that live in the desert some of them would be; Roadrunners, Kangaroo Rats, Lizards, and Bark Scorpions.
Some important abiotic factors that make up the desert biome consists of; High temperatures, vast sections of sand, and sunlight | <urn:uuid:7bc5f9e5-0f49-4ed4-a659-3e898df460d6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://prezi.com/v8c2lgcvv4fd/desert-biome/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00073-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.919614 | 420 | 3.421875 | 3 |
Hot section turbine engine components are often cooled through the use of a cool film of air on the component wall. The source of the air used for film cooling comes from the compressor of the gas turbine engine and may be 800°C, or more, cooler than the hot gas path air. The temperature differential between the hot mainstream gas and the film coolant results in a large difference in density between the two gases. In order to investigate the effect of high density ratios on film cooling performance, a traditional, round hole (θ = 30°) and a laidback, fan shaped hole (θ = 30°, α = γ = 10°) were observed using Stereo-Particle Image Velocimetry (S-PIV). Flowfield measurements were performed on various planes downstream of the film cooling hole (x/d = 0, 1, 3 and 10 for the round hole and x/d = 0, 3, and 10 for the shaped hole). At each location the coolant-to-mainstream interaction was captured at multiple density ratios (DR = 1, 2, 3, 4) and blowing ratios (M = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5). Using S-PIV, the three-dimensional flow field was measured. Distributions of the flow vorticity were derived from the high speed velocity measurements taken during S-PIV testing. For the simple angle, round holes, the results show at the elevated density ratios, the coolant spreads laterally near the hole; while at DR = 1, the coolant trace is limited to the width of the film cooling hole. Furthermore, as the cooling jet exits from the round hole, the vorticity within the jet is very strong, leading to increased mixing with the mainstream. However, as the density ratio increases (at a given blowing ratio), this mixing was reduced. For a given flow condition, the rotation was reduced with the jet exiting the shaped hole (compared to the round hole), and this led to enhanced protection on the surface. While investigating both round and shaped holes, it was shown the S-PIV method is a valuable tool to observe and quantify the jet–to–mainstream interactions near the film cooled surface.
Application of S-PIV for Investigation of Round and Shaped Film Cooling Holes at High Density Ratios
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Watson, TB, Nahang-Toudeshki, S, Wright, LM, Crites, DC, Morris, MC, & Riahi, A. "Application of S-PIV for Investigation of Round and Shaped Film Cooling Holes at High Density Ratios." Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. Volume 5C: Heat Transfer. Seoul, South Korea. June 13–17, 2016. V05CT19A008. ASME. https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2016-56209
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The theory used to go that women occupied fewer of the top ranks of academic medicine because fewer women possessed the necessary experience. The so-called “pipeline” problem has improved over the past decade as women make up half of all medical students. Yet, the proportion of women at the full professor level has not reached parity.
An NIH-funded study at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine will apply the rigorous methods of drug trials to study the advancement of women in academic medicine. The investigators have randomly assigned different departments to an intervention and a control group. Junior women faculty in the intervention group will participate in two professional development programs: a manuscript writing course and a leadership training.
After four years, the investigators will gauge what they call the “Women’s Academic Culture Measure.” For them, the important unit of change is the department or division. They recognize that the obstacles to female faculty’s success are diffuse, what one researcher calls “a thousand pound of feathers.” Creating significant opportunities for all faculty will involve shifting not just individual minds but institutional culture. | <urn:uuid:4e310c81-e150-4acf-a874-8a1c3246c608> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blogs.bu.edu/pcahn/2011/04/08/glass-ceiling-or-sticky-floor/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00424-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942606 | 224 | 2.390625 | 2 |
While we’re just a few weeks into the New Year, you’ve likely seen headlines showcasing what will cost more this year. You’ll have to dig even deeper into your pocket to pay for everything from food to stamps to college education, travel, healthcare and more. In fact, even your biggest expense — housing — is getting pricier in 2014:
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Zillow Projections: +3% nationally in 2014 While 2013′s double-digit gains in home appreciation were certainly economically beneficial (home prices are back at their peak levels in some areas), let’s be realistic: they’re not sustainable.This year, expect home values to continue to rise but at a more modest, balanced pace of about 3 percent, nationwide.
Zillow Projections: 5% As the Fed tapers its bond-buying programs and the economy continues to improve, expect mortgage rates to rise from a current level of about 4.6 percent to 5 percent by the end of 2014, making homes more expensive to finance. For example, the monthly payment on a $200,000 loan will rise by about $160. But there’s a silver lining for potential home buyers: it should be easier to get a mortgage this year because higher rates have slashed refinancing activity, prompting some banks to ramp up their purchase lending. Additionally, there will be more inventory on the market, and less competition from investors, as the home-buying process becomes less frenzied.
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Zillow Projections: +2.5% nationally in 2014 Rents have been rising for some time and there’s no end in sight, especially now, when the market is seeing limited supply coupled with high demand. The foreclosure crisis, tight credit conditions and economic uncertainty have forced more Americans to rent. Expect rents to continue to rise throughout 2014, so budget accordingly. Research prices in your area with tools such as Zillow’s Rent Index, maintain good credit, and consider bringing in roommates so that you don’t become a statistic. According to a recent report by Harvard Joint Center for Housing Studies, half of all U.S. renters are spending more than 30 percent of their income on rent, up from 19 percent a decade earlier.
Read More From Zillow:
Vera Gibbons is a financial journalist based in New York City and is a contributor to Zillow Blog. Connect with her at http://veragibbons.com/. Note: The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the opinion or position of Zillow. | <urn:uuid:17d9528f-9064-4686-bdbb-f31eb8f2d51f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.foxbusiness.com/features/2014/02/03/here-how-far-your-2014-housing-dollar-will-stretch.html?intcmp=related | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00060-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94795 | 546 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Shooting a time lapse is quite a challenge. Shooting a good time lapse with changing lighting conditions adds complexity. The challenge is how to keep the time lapse both correctly exposed and smooth looking.
Preston Kanak has a detailed piece (with a matching video) on the three ways to win the day to night holy grail:
There are three different ways to approach day to night time-lapses which include:
- Shoot in APERTURE PRIORITY and de-flicker in post.
- Shoot at least one shot during the day and one at night and then BLEND IN POST.
- RAMP YOUR EXPOSURE / ISO
This is an hour long video, but it is packed with information and definitely worth the time
Visit the original post for more details, a full breakdown and printable Quick Start Guides. (this is what a Quick guide looks like – for the blend in post method. It is pretty useful to keep in your back pocket to make sure you don’t forget anything during show time).
If you think this is good stuff, make sure to visit the original post, it is packed with useful info | <urn:uuid:5f2f5ec9-1108-4440-b764-7fe0dfbaca10> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.diyphotography.net/three-methods-win-holy-grail-time-lapse-day-night-time-lapses/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00052-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.930558 | 237 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Man in forced abortion threat case grateful to pro life group SPUC
22 July 2013
Belfast, 22 July 2013: The young man at the centre of the abortion case in the Dublin High Court on 16 July has said he is extremely grateful to the pro-life groups which helped him prevent his girlfriend from being forced to travel to England for an abortion.
The Society for the Protection of Unborn Children (SPUC) and Women's Net crisis pregnancy agency had provided him with advice and support when he approached them earlier in the week.
On Friday 12 July, the young man's girlfriend was taken from their home in Northern Ireland by her parents and brought to Dublin. Shortly afterwards, he discovered that an abortion had been arranged to take place within a matter of days, despite the fact that she wanted her baby.
Already 20 weeks pregnant, she had given up smoking, had picked out baby clothes and was receiving appropriate ante-natal care. Earlier in pregnancy she had expressed a desire to have her baby even if the child was disabled. Having taken her to Dublin, however, her parents had prevented the child's father from contacting her.
Concerned for the safety of his girlfriend and their baby, the young man was desperate to find help. After discussing the situation with SPUC and Women's Net, it became clear that a legal intervention to prevent her from being taken out of Ireland was the only realistic option. He was then put in touch with a legal team in Dublin who was able to act on his behalf.
The result of this action was to remove the pressure being applied to the young woman. Having assured the Court that she would not be prevented from having her baby, the psychiatric assessment called for by the Court to establish her wishes was no longer required and the application was withdrawn.
Liam Gibson SPUC's development officer in Northern Ireland, said: "This case highlights the very serious issue of women being coerced into having abortions. Despite the slogans, women frequently undergo abortions because they feel they have no choice.
"No woman should be compelled by parents, a husband, boyfriend or even financial pressures to have an abortion. And no one can give proper consent without being informed of the serious and potentially life-long consequences of abortion. These are issues which the Irish government has completely ignored in its rush to legalise abortion in Ireland.
"In this case, the fact that the young woman would have had to travel to Britain for an abortion provided vital time in which a forced abortion could be prevented. Other women have not been so lucky", concluded Mr Gibson.
Liam Gibson, SPUC's Northern Ireland development officer, can be contacted on:
SPUC's communications department can be contacted on: | <urn:uuid:58c80a08-e0b4-442a-9c27-5c61e569e37d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.spuc.org.uk/news/press-releases/2013/july/man-in-forced-abortion-threat-case-grateful-to-pro-life-group-spuc | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00573-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.987618 | 554 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Australia's iconic thylacine, or Tasmanian tiger, was hunted to death in the early Twentieth century for allegedly killing sheep; however, a new study published in the Zoological Society of London's Journal of Zoology has found that the tiger had such weak jaws that its prey was probably no larger than a possum.
"Our research has shown that its rather feeble jaw restricted it to catching smaller, more agile prey," said lead author Marie Attard, of the University of New South Wales Computational Biomechanics Research Group. "That's an unusual trait for a large predator like that, considering its substantial 30 kg body mass and carnivorous diet. As for its supposed ability to take prey as large as sheep, our findings suggest that its reputation was at best overblown.
"While there is still much debate about its diet and feeding behaviour, this new insight suggests that its inability to kill large prey may have hastened it on the road to extinction."
Thylacines were top predators that once ranged across Australia and New Guinea but were found only in Tasmania by the time of European settlement. The resulting loss of habitat and prey, and a bounty paid to hunters to kill them, have been blamed for the demise of this carnivorous marsupial.
Despite its obvious decline, it did not receive official protection from the Tasmanian Government until two months before the last known individual died at Hobart Zoo on 7th September, 1936.
Using advanced computer modelling techniques, the UNSW research team were able to simulate various predatory behaviours, including biting, tearing and pulling, to predict patterns of stress in the skull of a thylacine and those of Australasia's two largest remaining marsupial carnivores, the Tasmanian devil and the spotted-tailed quoll.
The thylacine's skull was highly stressed compared to those of its close living relatives in response to simulations of struggling prey and bites using their jaw muscles.
"By comparing the skull performance of the extinct thylacine with those of closely related, living species we can predict the likely body size of its prey," says the director of the Computational Biomechanics Research Group, Dr Stephen Wroe. "We can be pretty sure that thylacines were competing with other marsupial carnivores to prey on smaller mammals, such as bandicoots, wallabies and possums.
"Especially among large predators, the more specialised a species becomes the more vulnerable is it to extinction. Just a small disturbance to the ecosystem, such as those resulting from the way European settlers altered the land, may have been enough to tip this delicately poised species over the edge."
Cite This Page: | <urn:uuid:1a6364ad-edcd-4b12-b928-bd0e7c347262> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110831210058.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720000.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00025-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971453 | 552 | 3.9375 | 4 |
Current account balances have been used to analyze exchange rates in economics for a long time. A country with a strong current account surplus–meaning they are exporting more than they are importing–usually has stronger currencies than those running current account deficits.
The Big Mac Index is another way to value currencies against each other. It measures the price of a Big Mac in each local currency (say, the price of a Big Mac in pesos at a McDonald's in Mexico City versus a Big Mac purchased with U.S. dollars at a McDonald's in Boston) and compares the ratio of prices to the established exchange rate between the two countries. Thus, one can use the index to tell if one currency is overvalued against another.
Société Générale head of foreign exchange strategy Kit Juckes put together a chart plotting different currencies against both valuation measures and created a line of best fit to show the relationship between the two.
The euro, shown near the center of the plot, lies right on the regression line; in other words, according to the Big Mac Index, the euro is perfectly priced:
Of course, as Juckes concludes, "And finally, the euro’s problems are not with ‘valuation’, but with ‘survivability’. Finding any kind of solution to the eurozone crisis is almost impossible, but all the least unpalatable options involve the ECB ‘printing’ more money and weakening the euro. That has nothing to do with Big Macs (or iPads, or Cappuccinos, for that matter)..." | <urn:uuid:38121873-82b7-4074-a99c-4231bf698cc5> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.businessinsider.com/socgen-euro-big-mac-index-2012-8 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719784.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00427-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933959 | 326 | 2.96875 | 3 |
The summer set level for Belmont Lake is 187.09m.
The lake level as of July 22, 2022 was 187.32, or 23cm (9″) above the set summer level. This level is high for this time of summer.
Check out the CVCA Website for additional details on conditions in our watershed.
Community Press Website (follow the link to e-edition on the right hand side of the page)
Cottaging & Conservation
The 2013 – 2014 Guide to Eating Ontario Sport Fish
Crowe Valley Conservation Authority Website
Ministry of Natural Resources Website – Forest Fire Risk
Transport Canada Website – Boat Licence
FOCA – Federation of Ontario Cottagers’ Association Website
Hydro One – Storm Centre and Outages | <urn:uuid:c81aa0bc-fd85-4379-af92-8fa377e1a307> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://blca.ca/resources/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.818882 | 167 | 1.859375 | 2 |
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This post is taken from the Vitamin. Every Thursday, I drop some knowledge bombs on your face to help you reach your goals faster while avoiding all the bullshit.
There’s a good chance you consume caffeine as a pre-workout supplement to improve your workout performance. And rightfully so. Caffeine’s ergogenic benefits (i.e., performance-enhancing) are well documented. But we (including yours truly) don’t just limit our caffeine intake to the pre-workout window; our days are filled with a steady stream of coffee, tea, energy and diet drinks, all of which come packed with caffeine.
If you are a caffeine-fiend (and, let’s be honest, who isn’t?), there’s an equally good chance you’ve heard people recommend “cycling off” caffeine every now and then to resensitize yourself to caffeine’s benefits.
But is this actually true–do you need to go cold turkey for a while to reap the performance-enhancing benefits of caffeine?
Carvalho et al. (2022) conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine how habitual caffeine consumption affected caffeine’s effect on acute exercise performance.
What did the researchers do?
A total of 59 studies were included in the final review, which consisted of 1,137 individuals (958 men and 179 women). Of these:
- 958 were men and 179 were women.
- 718 were trained, 400 were untrained, and 19 were classified as elite.
From here, three-level meta-analyses were performed on outcomes within endurance, strength, or power exercise tests, and within studies including males or females (except for those which combined both sexes) and trained or untrained individuals.
The researchers also conducted meta-regressions within each of the eight main meta-analyses (overall, endurance, strength, power, males, females, trained, untrained) to see how habitual caffeine consumption (in mg/kg BM/day) affected each of these individual variables.
In addition, the researchers also looked at the overall influence of:
- The acute relative caffeine dose (<3 mg/kg BM, 3–6 mg/kg BM, and>6 mg/kg BM).
- Whether the acute caffeine dose provided was lower or higher than the mean daily dose of caffeine habitually ingested by participants.
- The caffeine withdrawal period prior to the intervention (<24 h, 24–48 h, and>48 h).
- Studies had to be in English, peer-reviewed and conducted in healthy humans of any age and training status (i.e., beginner, intermediate, advanced).
- Meta-analyses were conducted on studies that had evaluated habitual caffeine consumption in mg/kg BM/day or that could be calculated as such using participant data (i.e., provided mean BM and mean absolute daily caffeine consumption).
- The intervention required acute caffeine supplementation at any dose or in any form (capsule, tablet, beverage, coffee, and gum) prior to an exercise task, with a placebo session or group required as the comparator.
- For the outcomes, studies must have evaluated exercise performance or capacity in a randomised single- or double-blind parallel-group or cross-over study design.
What did the researchers find?
Habitual caffeine consumption
The results showed no influence of relative habitual caffeine consumption (mg/kg BM/day) on the effects of caffeine.
Sub-analysis by caffeine dose showed a significant effect of caffeine supplementation when doses were <3mg/kg BM and between 3 and 6mg/kg BM, but not >6mg/kg BM.
Caffeine dose higher or lower than habitual consumption
There was a significant effect of caffeine both when the acute dose was higher and lower than the habitually consumed daily dose of caffeine.
Caffeine withdrawal before intervention
Caffeine supplementation showed a significant effect regardless of the time of withdrawal prior to the intervention (<24 hrs, 24-48 hrs, >48 hrs).
Similarly, within the exercise type subgroups (endurance, strength, and power) there was no influence of habitual caffeine consumption.
Males/ females and trained/untrained
Habitual caffeine intake also had no effect on acute exercise performance when considering male and female participants and trained/untrained participants.
This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests even people who consume a lot of caffeine, compared with low caffeine consumers, can still benefit from pre-workout caffeine supplementation, with this effect holding true across a range of exercise types (endurance, strength, and power), gender, and training status of the individual.
Further, a pre-exercise dose of caffeine lower than what you usually consume seems to be just as effective as taking a higher than habitual caffeine dose, so there likely isn’t a need to exaggerate your pre-workout caffeine intake. Interestingly, this study found the ergogenic effects of caffeine were only present in doses up to 6mg/kg BM, but not when this amount was exceeded. The researchers noted too much caffeine could have the opposite effect due to the increased risk of side effects, such as nausea, anxiety, and insomnia.
The present study also found no reason to cycle off or withdraw from caffeine use for an extended period to amplify its benefits. As the researchers explain:
These data are in direct disagreement with this notion and suggest that caffeine withdrawal is unnecessary to elicit performance improvements with caffeine supplementation, with signifcant improvements when withdrawal was<24 h, between 24 and 48 h, and>48 h.
Going on to say:
Thus, what seems apparent is that even with little to no withdrawal, there is an ergogenic effect of caffeine.
Now, this is the part where I have to spoil the caffeine-filled celebrations. While caffeine may provide ergogenic benefits regardless of your habitual caffeine consumption, I’d posit the people who will see the biggest benefit from pre-workout caffeine are those who have a low to moderate habitual caffeine intake. For those who consume high amounts of caffeine, there may still be some benefit to pre-workout caffeine, but it might not be as potent.
As such, I do think it’s worthwhile to take a look at how much caffeine you’re consuming, and where possible, try to reduce this amount to retain caffeine’s ergogenic benefits.
For example, when I’m not actively dieting, I’ll only have one cup of coffee daily (about 200mg of caffeine); that’s the entirety of my daily caffeine intake. Conversely, when I am dieting, I’ll add an energy drink into the mix (~160mg of caffeine) an hour before training. Even then, I’ll try and hold off on increasing my caffeine intake until the latter half of the cut when I’m a lot leaner and energy begins to lag and training performance begins to suffer.
Remember, caffeine is a drug, and it pays to be mindful not to abuse it.
Thanks for reading. If you enjoyed this, you’d love the Vitamin
95% of my new content is only being sent to my email list. One email every Thursday, filled with actionable, evidence-based fitness advice to help you with your goals. If you enjoyed this, you’ll love my emails. You can learn more and subscribe for free here. | <urn:uuid:c5b79ef5-3426-495c-99a4-75ace1781682> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://physiqonomics.com/caffeine-cycling/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.931969 | 1,565 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Learning how to manage your cash flow is essential to your financial success and it all starts with giving every dollar a purpose.
It is always so interesting to see people’s reactions when I tell them this. They think I am going to tell them to create an excel spreadsheet and track Every. Single. Dollar. Every. Single. Month. This is not the case at all. Once you learn how to give every dollar a purpose, your life opens up. It becomes simpler. Easier to manage.
So how do you do it?
Step 1: Figure Out Your Fixed Monthly Spend
To give every dollar a purpose, we first have to figure out what we spend. I always start with fixed expenses since we can’t change them very much. Think rent or mortgage, utilities (somewhat variable I know), insurances, minimum debt payments, etc. Then add them all up. This number is the amount of money you have going to ‘fixed living’. Every dollar here has a purpose centered around that.
Step 2: Figure Out Your Average Monthly Variable Living expenses
Next, we need to figure out how much money we spend on ‘variable living’ such as: going out, groceries, clothes, concerts, gifts, etc. Then add them all up. All of these dollars have a purpose and are going towards “variable living’ or ‘spending’. You can call it whatever you want. The key here is to figure out what your average monthly spend is and try to stay close to that every month. Some months you may spend an extra $200 on clothing but then spend $200 less on going out. It all averages out but it is important to try and keep the monthly spend number similar for planning purposes.
Also, in this part many people put in extra payments towards debt or savings, but you don’t need to. We just want to list the expenses you have since the goal of this is to figure out how to use extra dollars towards paying off debt, savings, and other goals.
Step 3: Figure out your net monthly income
To determine this number, go look at what dollar amount is transferred to your bank account every month. This can be harder if you are paid through commissions. If you are, figure out what you expect to make at a minimum each month and use that as your number for planning.
Step 4: Figure out your monthly surplus
To find your monthly surplus, use the equation:
Surplus = Net Monthly Income – Monthly Variable Living Expenses – Monthly Fixed Expenses
Let’s stay you make $7,000 post taxes and deductions. Then monthly fixed costs are $2,600 and your average monthly variable spend is $2,400.
$7,000 – $2,400 – $2,600 = $2,000
$2,000 is your monthly surplus. This is the extra dollars you have available to work on your goals and wants.
Most people leave this remaining money in their checking or savings and just count it as ‘savings’ and call it a day. While this strategy may work for some, there is a much better one. What you should do now is think about what goals you have. Maybe your goals are preparing for your children’s college, investing for retirement, traveling, and saving for a vacation house in the future. Now, with these goals in mind, you need to figure out how to break up this surplus of $2,000 so you can accomplish your goals (giving every dollar a purpose). Maybe $500 goes to a ROTH, $400 to travel fund, $400 to accounts for college, and the remaining $700 to a taxable account for flexibility (vacation house, college, etc). It’s important to break these up and attack multiple goals, but understand that you may have to prioritize 1 or 2 main goals if you don’t have the funds to accomplish all of them right now. This may take some reflection to determine what is most important.
The cool part about this is that you can automate all of it. You can create the right type of accounts that will let you automatically send the savings, investments, debt payments, etc. to the right accounts without even having to think about it. Then, your job is to go live your life and spend what is left in your checking account. It’s pretty simple once you have it on autopilot.
If you find budgeting helpful, you can budget and keep track of your spending, but over time you shouldn’t have to. Your goal is to live your life and spend what is sitting in your checking account. Just make sure you don’t put that account below $0.
Remember, the goal of money is to fund the life you want, not control it. This strategy allows you to do just that while prioritizing the things that matter most to you.
If you would like help automating your financial life so you can accomplish your goals, sign up here for an introductory first meeting to see if working with me would be a good fit for you and your family. | <urn:uuid:5c3180c9-c369-4627-ac14-a1409ebdcdf1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thomaskopelman.com/2021/04/4-steps-to-giving-every-dollar-a-purpose/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.955074 | 1,063 | 2.375 | 2 |
The Struggle for Power
What we Haven't Been Told and Why!
The real issues behind the uranium and nuclear argument, viewed both internationally and nationally.
Published by E J Dwyer, Surry Hills, 1980
INTRODUCTION TO THE ON-LINE SUMMARY
Since it is increasingly apparent that the science which underpin the demands for immediate and drastic action on carbon emissions is very far from settled, the burning question shifts from the science to the reasons why so much unsettled science has been taken so seriously by so many people. Some clues can be found in a study of the methods which were used to kill nuclear power in Australia. These were documented by the late John Grover.
It is likely that I will only find the time to summarise the section which treats the anti-energy movement although the whole book is very informative and I hope some people will be moved to buy second hand copies which can be obtained from on-line bookshops.
PART ONE – WORLD ENERGY AND ALTERNATIVES
PART TWO – NUCLEAR GENERATION
PART THREE – RADIOACTIVITY AND MUTATIONS
PART FOUR – PERSPECTIVE ON PLUTONIUM
PART FIVE – WASTES AND THEIR DISPOSAL
PART SIX – SAFETY
PART SEVEN – HEALTH AND CANCER
PART EIGHT – PROLIFERATION AND SABOTAGE
PART NINE – THE ANTI-ENERGY MOVEMENT
PART TEN – THE AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINAL PEOPLE
PART ELEVEN – IN CONCLUSION
PART NINE – THE ANTI-ENERGY MOVEMENT
How it began with the nuclear bomb test bans – movements in Australia – the “no-growth” attitude – mining, profits and perspective – how are scientists divided? – the three nuclear engineers – the distinguished scientists – the Fox and Parker reports – irresponsible films – lessons from inquiries.
9.1 How it Began.
Fall-out – nuclear test ban – 1961 Bodega Head – Sierra Club – Escalation – Increased sophistication – politico-social – Ralph Nader & Rockefeller – the churches among the first targets – churches avoid facts and accept false dogma – world dissemination – organised anti-nuclear church groups – minority control – political control – motives – violence – “Quaker” teaches Australians civil disobedience – American government supports activists – who is behind it? – international scene 1978-79 – international bureaucracy – manipulating media
The anti-nuclear movement started while American and Russian bomb tests were dispersing tons of plutonium into the atmosphere. Not surprisingly many scientists regarded this as a Bad Thing and their opposition led to the 1963 Nuclear Test Ban Treaty.
That was not a problem for the development of nuclear power, however in the 1970s the US created 20,000 government employees dedicated to improving the environment and the nuclear energy industry soon ran into trouble. Urban sites were not favoured and remote sites with adequate water for cooling tended to be located in the dwindling number of unspoiled recreational areas. Concern for the environmental impact of “thermal pollution" provided the rationale for a lot of objections to NP stations, supported by fear campaigns about the dangers of radiation. The “Sierra Club” became an early opponent of NP, possibly the most influential single political-environmental group in the nation due to its wealthy and well-connected membership, its budget was three million dollars in 1977.
Two sensationalized books by Barry Commoner, The Careless Atom and Perils of the Peaceful Atom represented the start of the all-out anti-NP campaign. Dr. John Gofman and a colleague in the radiation and human health program at the Atomic Energy Commission created a sensation with the claim that if the U.S. population were exposed to radiation at the levels considered "acceptable" in federal radiation guidance, approximately 16,000 people would die annually from cancers induced by the radiation exposure. On some occasions they used the figure of 32,000. The claims were demolished by other professionals but they barnstormed across the country generating headlines and their predictions kept turning up over the years in the publications of anti-nuclear activists and the reports of journalists who did not do their homework.
In 1971 Ralph Nader, bankrolled by the Rockefeller network, began to work with a lawyer Anthony Roisman and the “Union of Concerned Scientists” to combine the efforts of environmental groups and public interest lawyers against NP. They worked on several fronts:
Legal action delay projects.
Lobbying Congress and Government agencies.
Propagandising the churches
Advertising directed at the general public
Exaggerated dangers and innuendos of industry incompetence were widely accepted as fact. The industry had no strategy for self-defence, being in the business of NP, not propaganda, and became “an 80 billion dollar underdog”.
“To cut a long story short, thanks to Ralph Nader’s initiative, there exists a well co-ordinated coalition of interest groups in the USA with all the attributes of a major corporation: well planned, influential, with strong political and financial support, well-tested strategies, professional communication expertise and tremendous legal punch. About 600 full-time “environmental lawyers” operated on a budget of at least 45 million dollars in 1977 and about one-third of this was spent purely on energy-stopping.
The major agencies involved in this effort were Consolidated Intervenors, doing legal activities to impede developments; the Union of Concerned Scientists, mostly funded by Dr Henry Kendall of MIT; Business and Professional People for the Public Interest in Washington to front Government committees and inquiries; Friends of the Earth co-ordinating environmental groups and disseminating information by advertising, books and pamphlets; Environmental Action, National Intervenors and The Public Media Centre dealing with publications and presentations.
“The latest political movement is Mobilization for Survival which in mid-1978 was the spearhead of the demonstrations across the USA. It describes itself as a coalition of 250 groups, distributed across the length and breadth of the US”
In addition to the activities that they funded, their received an immense amount of prime time media coverage free of charge, while the NP industry enjoyed no such support.
The role of the churches
“A division of the American National Council of Churches declared plutonium morally dubious and called for a moratorium on its use. This bizarre intrusion of theology into science was explained on the grounds that scientists were “split down the middle” and therefore the theological community should have the casting vote”.
That path was taken on advice from a committee of inquiry of 21 people (selected by the anthropologist Margaret Mead) consisting of 11 who had previously published papers opposing NP and 10 clergymen and lawyers. None of the 21 could claim expertise in the field of nuclear energy or plutonium.
It is claimed that this advice, distributed through the network of churches, impressed a Southern Baptist, President Jimmy Carter and his advisors. The Council of Churches distributed a paper “Ethical Implications of Energy Production and Use” which depicted the threat of nuclear waste in the language that has become familiar in recent times – “the welfare of future generations” and “horrendous” and “catastrophic” dangers despite the fact that wastes had been managed for 30 years without harm to anyone.
Church Anti-Nuclear Ads
According to Grover, in 1978 the political religious group based in New York, City Clergy and Laity Concerned (CALC) distributed packages of anti-nuclear materials to churches across the nation:
A pastoral letter
Suggestions for organizing local churches under the anti-NP banner
The CALC coordinators were Rick Boardman and Don Luce (a public supporter of the communist “re-education camps” in Vietnam). CALC’s leaders frequently met with the Vietnamese communists in Paris and Hanoi. CALC described its aims thus:
"What we’re about today is not simply and end to the war in Vietnam but a struggle against American imperialism in just about every corner of the world…and..to help liberate our own nation from its reactionary and exploitative policies."
Grover reported that there did not seem to be any protest at the anti-nuclear prayers and liturgies.
Church propaganda in Australia
The World Council of Churches helped to orchestrate and echo the anti-NP message through churches in Australia (clearly not such an effective way of reaching the masses in Australia due to lower church attendance than the US, but still very influential).
Anti-nuclear propaganda in cartoon form was distributed to NT Aboriginals from the Uniting Church prior to the 1977 elections, followed by an official denial of responsibility, followed in 1978 by the same material, this time with the authority of the Church.
Grover commented wryly that “Those who opposed railways because they would stop cows from giving milk and because human beings could not endure speeds of more than 30 mph were no less sincere”.
Grover noted, on the bright side, that the Quakers in London produced a pamphlet which revealed scientific literacy and good sense.
"We would remind Friends that whether we like it or not we live in a society that relies on technology for the sustenance of life and with world population at its present levels our technology cannot be abandoned without risk of major disaster".
On NP, the pamphlet stated that this form of power, like all others, had to be handled with care but could not be lightly cast aside. That was very temperate language, clearly bending over backwards to avoid the mood of strident urgency that animated the anti-NP pamphlets.
Investigations revealed that even the large anti-NP organizations were in the hands of very few individuals. The Union of Concerned Scientists was controlled by 10 to 20 people, the Environemntal Action group claimed 8000 members but policy was decided by 8 or 10.The Citizens Association for Safe Energy had 2500 addresses on its mailing list but policy was drafted, adopted and circulated by a board of 3. The deliberated proliferation of anti-NP groups was an acknowledged tactic to inflate the apparent level of popular support (see the number of groups in Australia described in Section 9.2).
The same applies to attendance at demonstrations. On May Day 1977 in New Hampshire only 15% of the people arrested at a disruptive march came from that state. The Hiroshima Day demonstrations in 1978 and 1979 were held in Sydney on Saturday and Melbourne on Sunday, with the planes booked out between Sydney and Melbourne to carry protestors. As we speak, “ferals” on welfare roam Australia from one protest to another. I met two of them last week at dinner with a friend. They did not bring wine to the dinner because they joked “Centrelink does not pay an alcohol allowance”. They were en route from sitting in trees in Tasmania (getting a bit chilly?) to a demonstration up north against Harvey Norman furniture that is made from native timber. I didn’t witness this but they told my friend that as long as taxpayers are silly enough to pay them to do what they want to do, they are perfectly happy to keep on doing it.
In 1978 The Economist made a study of activists in high places and reported that the anti-nuclear campaign in Britain was passing out of the hands of apolitical environmentalists into the hand of the radical left. The paradigm case is Greenpeace which has been abandoned in despair by some of the founding fathers.
The scenes of violence that we have seen recently in Greece and London, also at G7 meetings, have precedents in the environmental and anti-NP movement, especially in Germany. In 1977 at Grohnde, Lower Saxony, 15,00 well trained and disciplined anti-nuclears (the leading cadres equipped with metal helmets and gas masks) fought 30 police companies trying to keep them off a construction site. 80 protestors and 237 police were injured, some critically due to the barrage of rocks, jagged metal missiles and burning materials launched from catapults. The attack was rehearsed at a replica of the gates and fences, with water cannon jets and tear gas deployed to mimic the real event.
The Australian press did not report the messy aspect of the outrage but Ralph Nader praised their efforts in his weekly newspaper column in the US.
American Government Support – the debacle of Jimmy Carter
The protest movement started with dedicated volunteers, then became an occupation when funding came from wealthy backers and foundations to pay for professional and fulltime workers. Then it reached the pinnacle of achievement when the taxpayers got to foot the bill as Governments took on board activists to pursue their passions with public funding and the power of the State to back them.
This was first apparent with the killing of the Clinch River fast breeder reactor project by executive order in 1977. A speaker at a conference in 1978 pointed out that the US Administration “had become a card carrying member of the anti-nuclear force”. He stated that President Carter was on board with the movement. “You examine the Carter budget for alternative nuclear cycles. There is all the evidence you need to conclude that no alternative to Clinch River is being seriously considered”.
“Most remarkable of all has been the outcome of a campaign promise by President Carter that he hoped to challenge Ralph Nader for the role of top consumer advocate in the country”.
Many sub-cabinet posts went to former public interest lawyers, consumerists and environmental activists. Fourteen key White House assistants including the President’s chief speechwriter came from the public interest movement. Speechwriters with a gift for the telling turn of phrase can make a great impact on public perceptions. Carter turned out to be especially susceptible to half-baked ideas, as demonstrated by Amory Lovins, a leader of the no-growth movement, who worked for Friends of the Earth in London. Lovins was well known in some circles for a pamphlet that advocated the ‘soft energy path’ for the US, using calculations that overstated the cost of NP by a factor of 2 and understated the cost of solar power by a factor of 10.
"Nevertheless, just twenty hours after meeting with Mr Lovins and without the benefit of consulting with any of the many energy experts available to him, President Carter presented Lovins’ energy calculations verbatim and uncritically in a speech before the International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation Conference.”
That is far from the end of the story. Four former anti-NP activists became Assistant Atorneys-General in the Dept of Justice, and others moved into the positions of Assistant Secretaries in Health, Education and Welfare; Commerce, Interior, Agriculture, Housing and Urban Development. “Naderites”. Their follow travelers in the consumer movement also scored some plum positions in the chairs of the Civil Aeronautics Board, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the National Highway Safety Administration, the Occupational Health and Safety Administration, and the Federal Trade Commission.
Who is Behind it?
The following organizations were listed in connection with public agitation urging the US to make unilateral concessions at the US-Soviet Union strategic arms limitations talks. The US Peace Council, the National Council for American-Soviet Friendship, American Friends Service Committee (far left Quakers), Clergy and Laity Concerned, Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. All of those organizations worked closely with the World Peace Council and that body spawned Mobilization for Survival as an anti-nuclear arm of the communist "peace" movement. The four slogans of Mobilization for Survival were:
- zero nuclear weapons
- ban nuclear power (even for peaceful purposes)
- stop the arms race
- fund human needs
Further investigation revealed the extent of Foundation funding for environmental groups which shared the anti-nuclear stance of the communist-aligned "front" groups. The Rockefeller group backed Ralph Nader in his activities, and the Ford Foundation supported anti-nuclear environmental groups to the tune of $5.8M over eight years from 1970.
International Scene 1978-79
Grover reported that a 1978 report by Stockton and Janke of the Institute for the Study of Violence on "Nuclear Power: Protest and Violence" might have been regarded as doubtful and alarmist in the recent past but events were moving rapidly enough to provide additional evidence to support their findings. "The key organizations behind the anti-nuclear propaganda drive have at last surfaced through the mire of a hundred groups, many with titles that don't quite relate to what they are doing."
In Grover's opinion the US provided the leadership in personnel, tactics, organization and communications for the worldwide Western anti-nuclear movement. The misinformation that is communicated in other places is an echo of the resources and tactics developed in the US.
Amsterdam was a key centre for outreach from the US. The Institute of Policy Studies (the Washington one) set up the Transnational Institute in Amesterdam which in turn set up agencies in South Africa and the Phillipines. Amazingly, The Australian Solidarity Collective was established in Amsterdam in 1978 in association with the Greenpeace Movement in London. The Collective was presumably transient and references cannot be found on the net. Another offshoot was the Transnational Cooperative, established in Sydney with Laurie Carmichael (Communist Party of Australia) and Tom Uren as the directors.
World Coordinators of Misinformation
The International Confederation for Disarmament and Peace (ICDP) in London appeared to be the anti-nuclear world coordinating link. A major presence was Peggy Duff, also instrumental in establishing Mobilization for Survival. The ICDP handles World Peace Council activities where the parent body wants to remain out of sight.
The ICDP has/had two Australian connections.
The Association for International Cooperation and Disarmament in Sydney in the Sydney CBD.
The Congress for International Cooperation and Disarmament in Little Lonsdale St, Melbourne.
The UN has been penetrated by people dedicated to the anti-nuclear doctrine, as demonstrated by the sabotage of papers that scientists submitted to the UN Environmental Programme conference on nuclear energy at Geneva in November 1978. Over 20 consultants submitted papers in advance and when they arrived in town they found that the conference report had been printed and the conclusions could be read in the local press. The report did not represent the material that was submitted. It was heavily edited with anti-nuclear bias. A running battle ensued with letters from the Chairman of the panel of scientists demanding a re-write. This effort was stonewalled by the Secretariat, led by a Mr El Hinawai, who gave out press releases which continued to misrepresent ;the situation, prompting more letters from the Chair of the panel, to no avail. The message of the scientists did not get officially accepted but Grover reported that an article by Mr Hinawai on the dangers of nuclear waste appeared in the official journal of the International Atomic Energy Agency and was quoted by an anti-nuclear letter writer in an Australian newspaper in 1978. Bad news travels fast and far!
Manipulating the Media
In the US the Rockefeller and Ford Foundations funded "The Scientist's Institute for Public Information" to feed infromation to journalists, sourced from the likes of Barry Commoner and Helen Caldicott. This had so much initial impract that they extended the scope of the exercise by setting up a "Media Resources Centre".
The anti-nuclear UN Envivonment Programme supported the establishment of the "Centre for International Environmental Information" by the UN Association of the US. They approached a wide range of scientists and experts to find if they were prepared to be quoted as experts for contact by the mass media. Thousands of free copies of the Guide to Energy Specialists were printed and distributed to the news media. Among the experts were the usual suspects including Lovins (who briefed Carter) and Helen Caldicott among many others in the anti-nuclear movement.
When the genuine scientists realised what had happened they resigned from the list but the damage was done because they had already given respectability to the publication.
9.2 MOVEMENTS IN AUSTRALIA
Grover printed a list of 26 Australian groups that were prominent in the cause, including Friends of the Earth, Uranium Moratorium, Australian Conservation Foundation, Australian Teachers Federation, Doctors for a delay in uranium mining, Shareholders for Social Responsibility, Women Against Nuclear Energy and the World Council of Churches.
He regarded that list as the tip of the iceberg because some of those groups sponsor others which appear to be uncommitted on the issue of nuclear power. Church groups were especially likely to be recruited, as revealed at a March 1979 Aboriginal Land Rights "Teach In" at the University of Sydney. The role of Aboriginal Land Rights as a vehicle to impede the nuclear industry is explained in another section of the book.
"The most remarkable feature of this event was the almost total absence of Aborigines. One participant was told that Aborignines were scared to walk in the streets for fear of abuse or attack by whites". [That would have been news to residents of Surry Hills and Redfern where I lived at the time].
The list of 32 sponsors included the Catholic Missions Office, Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, De La Salle Brothers, Little Sisters of Jesus, Society of Jesus, Mary and Joseph, Loreto House, Good Shepherd Sisters, Marcia Langton, Federated Engine Drivers and Firemen's Association, Australian Council of Churches and the National Missionary Council.
The movement officially hit Australia at the Academy of Science conference in Canberra in 1972 which was billed as a discussion of technology and energy planning and turned into an anti-nuclear platform and a forum for low-energy lifestyle advocacy.
The Australian Conservation Foundation took a strong political line and urged newly formed environmental groups to focus on uranium. Journalists played their usual role in reporting the dangers, whether they were real or just perceived.
"Scientifically out of their depth, the Australian media became prone, for a period, to presenting scenarios of nuclear disaster. Two headlines come to mind: 'Radioactive Time Bomb Ticks Away at Port Pirie' and 'Our First Atom Death: Victim of Radiation'. The former, it transpired, referred to the natural remnants of a beach sands mining operation and the latter to the unfortunate death by leukemia of an employee of the Atomic Energy Commission who had not been subjected to radiation in connection with his job ".
Friends of the Earth
The FOE arrived from the US and started work in Adelaide by 1970. They extended nationwide and became the leading distributors of foreign-inspired arguments. Grover reported that they toned down their early vehemence and became more polished and polite in distributing untruths. Especially impressive was a slide show with beautiful outback photos, focused on the Aboriginal way of life and the threat of mining the Kakadu National Park.
FOE moved to Castlereagh Street in Sydney and shared a building with a radical bookshop, Campaign Against Racial Exploitatioin, Chile Committee, Free Zimbabwe [still functioning I hope], No Ties with Apartheid, the Vietnam Society and others.
At the time of writing FOE had been recently upstaged by the Movement Against Uranium Mining (MAUM) and Dr Joseph Camilleri was probably the leading figure in the anti-NP campaign. Grover became aware as he debated at various meetings that there were several groups with overlapping membership and the basic message remained the same while the front group that hosted the meeting, the specific topic and method of approach were adjusted to suit the audience and the shifting focus of the campaign. For example the MUAM was actually an arm of the AIDC.
A particulary interesting group appeared in Sydney in December 1978, called The People's Commission [not the ABC!] with the brief
"...to investigate the role of the media, the educational system and other social processes including State and Federal Government, in withholding information on the arms race and minimising the dangers of nuclear technology. The Commission will also examine the 'language' of TV and journalism, and the countless ways in which it pacifies, manipulates and misrepresents."
In addition to the People's Commission there is an Educational Research Group which "...will cover essentially the same area as the media group, but will deal with the NSW educational system, exploring the knowledge and feelings of children throughout the state on the nuclear issue".
On the PR front, many public libraries were well supplied with anti-nuclear propaganda, to the extent that many people would not have encounered any other material, while being warned against the "lies" of the mining companies.
Using National TV and Radio
Grover wrote that some ABC staff uncritically passed on the mostly negative nuclear news from overseas, and from the local groups when they became active.
"Some of the success of the anti-uranium campaign is due to the manner in which the Commission has been "used" by activists. The misinformation being broadcast almost daily at one time by Radio 2JJ has shown no respect for the truth and has had a major impact on schoolchildren."
According to Grover the ultimate in the anti-uranium campaign has been the literature distributed to schools in NSW in July 1978.
"Two dozen broadsheets destined for schoolchildren were such that many teachers and secondary students were shocked. Much material that had originated in the US was laid out and made to look like a teaching study. With few exceptions the cartoons were on the political level, some skillfully done."
"Videotapes, sound tapes and other audiovisuals were listed, referring to the overseas 'information'. The emotional speeches of pediatrician Helen Caldicott, and those of plausible Paul Ehrlich (with the magnificent voice) featured prominently, with taped sessions from the ABC's 'Broadband', 'City Extra' and other sessions which contributed prominently to the anti-uranium case. Activities sheets followed explaining how the concepts could be best implanted iin children's minds."
Among the materials were powerful and emotional pieces including "Aboriginals" (depicted in chains) and "Heroshima" (easy to depict in a shocking manner).
"Teenagers could be deeply affected by the emotional impact. Many teachers appreciated this but the rules of the NSW Teachers Federation and the open support of the Labor Minister for Education ensured the silence of the majority. One must wonder at the Federation statement concerning 'inundation of pro-uranium propaganda'. Nobody knew of any."
A small grass-roots group of concerned parents and teachers formed to attempt to achieve some professionalism or balance in the system. They pointed out that conscientious or dissenting teachers could be silenced by the Federation rule which permitted suspension from membership and imposition of a fine on teachers acting contrary to any decision of the Council.
At least two schools known to Grover organised a speaker from each side of the argument and some teachers attempted to provide balance. One used her own money in an attempt to inform students of the othe side of the case but the material that she included in the "resource kit" was removed because it was contrary to the union policy and the kit was being distributed to "redress the balance" of propaganda!
The anti-uranium movement captured the new minority party - the Australia Party - formed by dissident Liberals following the businessman Gordon Barton because they could not accept the Liberal line on the Vietenam war. I was involved with the party at the time because it contained a large number of fellow members of the NSW Humanist Society and the Senate candidate was Bridget Gilling, President of the Humanists. One of my friends who was an active and enthusiastic member left the party, enraged and disenchanted by the uranium policy. Grover described a 10-page question and answer document on uranium as "shockingly dishonest" and much the same applied to statements from the other minority party, the Australian Democrats.
Professor H Arndt provided some pungent comments on the anti-nuclear campaign.
"It has to be recognized that the anti-uranium campaign for all its apparent preoccupation with the Hiroshima syndrome is in large part a byproduct of the anti-growth attitudes which have been one of the luxury products of affluence in western countries."
"When anti-uranium campaigners describe their opponents as arguing 'for nuclear energy just to maintain the luxuries of the rich' and plead that, since 'a more equitable distribution of material wealth' must come anyhow, 'uranium to keep up extravagant lifesyles in the rich countnries is only postponing the day of reckoning', when one of Australia's most distinguished poets in her capacity of Patron of the Campaign Against Nuclear Power, denounces the three members of the Fox Commission as 'the final betrayers of our young people's hopes' and their report as signifying that 'Australia has made its choice under the dollar sign', one wonders whether some of them do not positively welcome the uranium issue as another stick with which to belabour the economic values which they, mostly middle class intellectuals, bored and guilt-ridden by affluence, affect to hate and despise".
When Grover accepted an invitation to speak at the University of NSW in 1978 he was suprised to find that this was the first official pro-mining talk on campus. Nobody else had attempted to answer the continuous flow of anti-mining propaganda. He was also surprised to see how well the talk was received by the badge-wearing anti-uranium supporters who were present. Of course the great majority were just going along for the ride, unlike the hard core of the leadership it is quite likely that most of them could have been turned around by sustained discussion and additional information.
[I wonder if Barry O'Farrell was converted by the propaganda that was being distributed at schools and universities during that period?]
"One can only regret the manner in which a few less-informed people in the electronic media have given unswerving and continuous support to well-known anti-nuclear activists in spreading their superstitions".
9.3 THE "NO GROWTH" ATTITUDE
As noted by Heinz Arndt the no-growth attitude is strong among a certain strata of affluent people and it could be heard in all the Western universities.
A Professor of Economics at London University replied:
"Much of the case for the deliberate slowing down of economic growth is based on a series of errors of logic, distortions or ignorance of the facts, and special pleading of various kinds.,,,But the strength of the movement does not depend on the validity of its arguments; it depends on the fact that it happens to appeal simultaneously to various different groups and forces in society - the mass media, scientists, radical youth, the middle classes".
Grover pointed out that mere growth cannot bring abundance for all or alleviate suffering, it just provides the essential conditions for improving the situation of everyone, including those who are most disadvantaged.
"Leisure and abundance cannot be had without growth. To oppose it on grounds that it is aesthetically offensive is to take a callous view of the human condition where life is simple indeed. The prospect offered by the affluent no-growth advocates seems to be an unemployed industrial labour force at the end of the century."
9.4 MINING, PROFITS AND PERSPECTIVE
The anti-NP lobby frequently plays the "greed" and "profits" card under the cover of "morality". That is a standard ploy of the left and it is backed up by the usual suspects in the media. The ABC ran a "4 Corners" program on the Utah Development Company which was active in Australia at the time. The attack focussed on $300M in profits which the company sent overseas. The program did not mention the $640M that the company paid in taxes, royalties and levies to Government, nor the $1,400M ploughed back into Australian development or the PAYE tax paid by employees.
Despite some newspaper criticism of the program the compere won the 1978 prize for that category of TV programs.
Grover pointed out that the miners, farmers, foresters, fishermen and the like are the primary producers of wealth and the things that we need to live. They represent a small and declining proportion of the workforce, perhaps only one in eight of the working population at the time.
"The remaining seven out of eight in our advanced society depend on natural resources. Some have very high-level skills to contribute but just because they are the majority it does not mean that they can go it alone and dismiss the pioneer-type producers without consideration."
Getting back to Utah, the Government was taking 60% of its profits as tax and Grover posed the question, whether people who wanted to nationalise the industry thought that the money would be better used by the Government than by the people who share the profits at present - not just shareholders but everyone else who has pensions or super funds which draw on the profits from a portfolio of investments including the mining compannies (and banks!).
Grover used a figure of seven out of ten Australians being employed by business and industry working for profit. These people and firms produce most of the goods and services that we enjoy. He described it as an old-fashioned fallacy that wages go to workers and profits to businessman because the working man gets a sizeable share of company earnings in various ways:
1. From insurance company and pension fund benefits.
2. From taxes on company earnings paid to Government.
3. From dividends that they own as shares.
4. From the innovations made by risk-taking entrepreneurs that end up improving our lives.
"Those who decry profits harm themselves as well as the rest of the community. In Australia the average standard of living has doubled in 25 years, an achievement based on the profit system [in a framework of law and relative stability in government, until recently]. Progress will continue while there is a recognition and acceptance of the vital role of profits; if not the economy will stagnate and nobody will benefit".
"The condemnation of profits by the no-growth advocates is almost universal...They do not seem to realise that government funds come largely from taxes on profits".
Finally Grover pointed out that the focus on profits in mining obscures the hazards of the industry and the very large amounts of money that have to be sunk in exploration and development of projects that never make a profit. Mining tends to occur in remote locations with the need to develop transport and infrastructure from scratch, plus the need to attract the necessary workforce to the site.
"Mining has to bear the highest risk of all because only about 1 in 1,000 mineral 'shows' turns out to be payable. A few can break just better than even, but there must be some that turn out to be winners to pay for the many expensive failures".
Conservation - True or False?
Grover suggested that many politico-environmentalists are not really true conservationists at all, despite the amount of material that the media receive and recycle about their activities.
"Real conservation is only possible because of the intensive production by miners, farmers and foresters...We must maximise the intensity with which some of the land is used so that other areas may be preserved. This calls for both high capital and high technology, for this is what allows conservation. Low, labour-intensive technology does not. A starving man will always eat the last dodo".
[The point in that para is made by Alan Oxley in his chapter in The Greens where he points out that policies which impede economic development in third world countries will delay the kind of 'conservationist transition' which occurs when people get to a point where they can afford to think beyond their immediate needs. This appears to be analogous to the "demographic transition" which occurs at the level of development when the infant survival rate improves and people plan smaller families.]
Grover pointed out that living conditions improved over the last 150 years to an exent that exceeds the expectations of the most optimistic utopians. At the same time, freedom expanded, at least in the Western democracies, even to the extent of allowing people raise their voices against the system that provides the comforts and freedoms that we all enjoy. Especially in the universities of the nation.
"The numbers of voices have been increasing, young voices mostly from afflulent homes. They have been talked into thinking that profits don't matter by those whose salarlies have been paid from taxes on someone's profits."
"For a decade men have argued for better wages and conditions for themselves and without thought of others less fortunate. Statutory additions to wages and salaries in Australia have increased from 12% to nearly 30% in 7 years. The trade union movement has fought for high wages for unskilled young people and now industry finds it unproductive to employ them on the terms laid down by Law."
The result was youth unemploiyment in the order of 25%.
He also noted the actions which reduced the profitability and productivity of the mining industry resulting in the withdrawal of many oil and mineral exploration companies during 1973/74.
"Under the umbrella of the false statement of '62% foreign ownership', Australian companies went to the wall and small mines by the dozen closed down around Australia. Appeals to the Government fell on deaf ears...Unemployment figures began to rise from 1973".
The lesson is that too much Government interference kills the goose that lays the golden eggs. Too many intellectuals do not see that the alternative to the free enterprise system with minimum intererence is inefficient and unproductive. "Affluent intellectuals hide this fact for they can see jobs for themselves in big Government."
9.5 HOW ARE SCIENTISTS DIVIDED?
The anti-nuke movement produced a petition with 2,300 scientists endorsing the no-uranium doctrine. That was used to press the case that the scientific community was "sharply divided" on the issue, an awkward situation for ordinary people who lack the time, expertise and inclination to get to the bottom of disagreements between experts.
The 2,300 represent a small proportion of the 770,000 physical and life scientists in the US. They were scarcely represented in the professions of hard science and engineering where the real expertise is located (see the three nucler engineers). The idea that scientists were divided was a furphy. Scientists can be found to support Creation Science but this does not usually enhance their scientific reputation.
9.6 WHAT ABOUT THE THREE NUCLEAR ENGINEERS?
Three engineers resigned from General Electric and became members of the anti-nuclear para-religious movement "Creative Initiative Foundation". The premiese is that God did not make plutonium so it must be evil.
A US Senate inquiry found that these men had nothing to contribute at the techical level. They contributed to the PR of the movement and one came to Australia for that purpose in 1976. After their novelty value was spent they faded into obscurity.
9.7 WHAT ABOUT THE DISTINGUISHED SCIENTISTS?
Some distinguished scientists, even Nobel prizewinners joined the anti-nuclear cause but their intellectual contribution did not lift the credibility of the cause. Still they were good for PR and stories written by journalists who neglected to research the topic.
A distinguished scientist in the appropriate field wrote regarding Paul Ehrlich's 27 incorrect statements "He doesn't want a dialogue. He just wants to sing the same song.
Ehrlich appeared in Australia at a "nuclear health" seminar at the University of Sydney in 1977, chaired by Professor Charles Kerr (of community health). For some strange reason no speakers with contrary views were programmed. Very strange, it is only 50 or maybe 100 yards from Physics to Community Medicine on the campus!
Negative views by Kerr were well reported in the press without mention of the refutation of his arguments at the meeting. He also appeared on TV with Helen Caldicott and appeared to agree with her position (if he was allowed to get a word in).
In 1980 he was reported in the world media regarding his testimony at an inquiry in Canada. In the press reports, it appeared that the Rum Jungle mine tailings breach was some form of "disaster". Grover could not believe that this colossal untruth was correctly attributed to Kerr, but still the media release came through with that impression.
Another disitinguished opponent came to Australia in 1979. He was generously reported in the press under headlines like "Scrap Nuclear Power says A-plant Designer". His Nobel was in plasma physics in the high atmosphere, he had never been involved with A-plants and his objection to nuclear energy dated from 1967 when he went public with bitter complaints that the Government was under-funding his own work in favour of nuclear energy research.
9.8 THE FOX AND PARKER REPORTS
First a word about the British Windscale Inquiry in 1977 conducted by Justice Parker. This examined a proposal to build a plant on the Cumbrian coast to reprocess oxide fuel from thermal nuclear reactors.
Evidence was taken under oath and witnesses were subjected to cross examination by barristers. In addition the evidence was analysed by experts. The inquiry finished in 100 days [compare this with the Ranger inquiry]. "It ended with Mr Justice Parker giving 'unequivocal advice' that he facility should be built without delay to 'obviate a storage and disposal problem'."
One of the exhibits was a film called Caging the Dragon dealing with safety at Windscale. Shots of the site are followed by film of a man who had suffered server radiation burns, followed by a reference to a fire at Windscale and then a sequence of huge flames emerging from the top of a tower.
Under cross examination the film-maker informed Justice Parker that the pictures of the "radiation victim" had been taken from an accident in the US and the flames were from a flare stack at a coke works in Sheffield.
Justice Parker commented that "The ordinary viewer would understand the sequence to be pictures of what had happened at Windscale and that the repetition of the pictures would be taken as a reminder that the fire depicted there could happen again. As to the pictures of the radiation victim, I remain of the opinion that viewers would take the pictures to represent a victim of a Windscale accident. The visual impression is so strong that it might not be removed by an explanation".
His point was that the emotional reaction against nuclear power could persist even after it was explained that the sequence was faked.
Getting back to the Australian reports on the Ranger Environmental Inquiry concerning allegations of dangerous leaks at the Ranger uranium mine in the Northern Territory. The report, known as the Ranger or Fox reports was quoted by all parties, leaving the public confused about the outcome. The Inquiry heard but did not critically evaluate the large bulk of environmental impact studies compiled by the mining companies and the objectors. The three Commissioners were not experts in the field and gave equal weight to informed evidence and unchecked evidence from uninformed people.
The Commissioners made reference to excessively optimistic scenarios painted by experts in the mining companies and referred to the "distinguished nuclear scientists who are flatly opposed to the further development of nuclear energy [the members of the Creative Initiative Foundation?] and present facts and views opposed to others of equal eminence". In the absence of cross examination and expert advice the Commissioners were not in a position to say any such thing.
Nine years and four governments later the Ranger had permission to proceed. This compares unfavourably with the Windscale Report and another comprehensive public report relesed in Canada in 1978 which only caused a delay of 18 months.
9.9 IRRESPONSIBLE FILMS
Deliberately false news items and anti-nuclear films can have a powerful impact, and the feeling remains even when the audience knows in the rational part of their brains that the evidence is faked, as noted by Justice Parker in his gloss on the Caging the Dragon film which purported to represent the hazards at the Windscale power station.
Many sensationalized dramas about nuclear alerts have been screened, some of them very well done, high quality products of the entertainment industry and most of them simply playing for dollars. But some involving left-liberals like Jane Fonda delibiberately advance the anti-growth agenda, with the profits directed to other anti-growth activities.
Quoting "Hanoi Jane" Fonda:
"More and more movies are going to be anti-corporate...Syndrome will be coming out in a climate that is tilting to anti-nuclear, and I think its going to have a very heavy effect. But the movie is about more than the nuclear thing. It's the whole 'Corporations put greed ahead of human values and safety' message."
THERE IS MORE GOOD MATERIAL, BUT I DON'T HAVE TIME TO DO MORE. | <urn:uuid:ae5815aa-68ba-4713-8ed0-17f9d50cf03c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.the-rathouse.com/2011/Grover-Power.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00128-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965875 | 9,227 | 2.0625 | 2 |
proc file system
The /proc directory is a pseudo-file system used as an interface to kernel data structures rather than reading and interpreting kernel memory.
Most of /proc is read-only, but some files allow kernel variables to be changed. The kernel variable that determines wether the system can act as a router and forward IP packets is one such example. If IP forwarding is to be turned on, a 1 should be written into the file or variable at /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward. Without IP forwarding enabled, a value of 0 is in this file.
The /proc directory contains many parameters and kernel values needed by system calls to maintain a stable environment. The Linux manual pages describe the available pseudo-files. A few that might be of interest to a network security administrator are as follows:
- Process ID-There is a numerical subdirectory for each running process. The
subdirectory is named by the process ID. Each subdirectory contains pseudofiles
and directories. Two pseudo-files in these subdirectories are as follows:
- cmdline-This holds the complete command line for the process, unless the whole process has been swapped out or the process is a zombie. In either of these two cases, there is nothing in this file (a read on this file will return 0 characters). The command line arguments appear in this file as a set of null-separated strings, with a further null byte after the last string.
- cwd-This is a link to the process's current working directory. To determine
the current working directory of process 2250, enter the following command:
ls -l /proc/2250/cwd
This will produce the following output showing the current working directory of /root:
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 29 22:28 /proc/2250/cwd -> /root/
- cmdline-This pseudo-file contains the argments passed to the Linux kernel at boot time.
- kcore-This file represents the system's physical memory and is stored in the Executable Linking Format (ELF) core file format. With this pseudo-file and an unstripped kernel (/usr/src/linux/vmlinux) binary, the gdb command can be used to examine the current state of any kernel data structures. To see all the data in the kernel, it needs to be compiled with the -g option. The total length of the file is the size of physical memory (RAM) plus 4KB.
- net-This subdirectory contains various net pseudo-files, all of which give the status of some part of the networking layer. These files contain ASCII structures and are, therefore, readable with the cat command. However, the standard netstat suite provides much cleaner access to these files.
- net/arp-This holds an ASCII readable dump of the kernel Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) table. It will show both dynamically learned and pre-programmed ARP entries.
- sys-This directory contains a number of files and subdirectories corresponding to kernel variables. These variables can be read and sometimes modified using the proc file system and the sysctl system call.
- kernel/ctrl-alt-del-The ctrl-alt-del controls the handling of Ctrl-Alt-Del from the keyboard. When the value in this file is 0, Ctrl-Alt-Del is trapped and sent to the init program to handle a graceful restart. When the value is > 0, Linux's reaction will be an immediate reboot, without even syncing its dirty buffers.
- domainname, hostname-The files domainname and hostname can be used to set the NIS/YP domain name and the host name of your box in exactly the same way as the commands domainname and hostname.
In this tutorial:
- UNIX and Linux Security
- Network and development tools
- UNIX/Linux as a poor target
- Open source issues
- Detecting hardware changes
- Disk partitioning
- Prepare for the eventual attack
- Controlling the Configuration
- Kernel configurations
- Kernel modules
- proc file system
- Operating UNIX Safely
- Uncommon services
- Processes controlling processes
- The chkconfig command
- Controlling users
- Encryption and certificates
- Hardening UNIX
- Packet filtering with iptables | <urn:uuid:02fc1968-05f2-43d9-ab51-ee9f7637b74d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://sourcedaddy.com/networking/proc-file-system.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00291-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.839065 | 912 | 3.171875 | 3 |
If you want to know more information, like quotation, products, solutions, etc., please contact us online.
Good working conditions can strengthen the grinding outcomes of overflow type ball mills. Therefore, in practical operation, workers need to continuously adjust overflow-type ball mills working conditions so that they can work at an optimal state. Then, what are the working conditions influencing the overflow ball mills' outcome?
Use the table of contents below to navigate through the guide:
Overflow ball mill's rotary speed influences the motion state of steel balls. Under the low-speed circumstance, steel balls drop after rising to a certain level, with grinding as the main acting force supplemented by the impact. If increasing the speed, steel balls are thrown and fall, with impact as the main acting force supplemented by grinding. At higher speed, steel balls will do centrifugal exercise instead of grinding work. When at a lower rotary speed, overflow ball mills have a better grinding outcome. It does the same when the steel balls filling ratio is 40% to 50%.
Under a certain filling ratio, the smaller steel balls are, the better the grinding outcome is. However, as steel balls' size becomes smaller, the impact between steel balls and ore particles will accordingly get weaker, which hinders the grinding effect. Consequently, as to materials with certain particle sizes, there always exists an optimal steel balls size capable of achieving a perfect grinding outcome.
Increasing pulp density in a certain condition, the viscosity of ore pulp will strengthen, making it easier to adhere to ball mills, thus enhance the mill productivity to improve the grinding outcome. But when the pulp density is too high, the ropy ore slurry will have buffer action on ball mills grinding operation. Higher feeding speed can contribute to timely ore discharge, while excessively fast speed likely leads to the overload phenomenon. Therefore, it is necessary to set appropriate pulp density and feeding speed for the sake of better grinding performance.
Properly increase the mill circulating speed is conducive to the discharge of ore particles and improves the mill grinding performance. Usually, the suitable value for mill circulating load is 150% to 600%.
Xinhai is committed to adjusting the mills grinding performance to the best state. And it can change overflow ball mills working conditions like rotary speed and filling ratio in accordance with customer requirement, thus increasing the interests of customers by increasing concentrate grade and the recovery rate in the subsequent separating process. | <urn:uuid:041ffc4a-f8c4-4217-a352-c17e2fef9b7b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://m.xinhaimining.com/newp/334.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.908601 | 492 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Protocollision was online from November 1st through to December 31st 2000
Featuring websites by: Akitsugu Maebayashi, doubleNegatives, exonemo, Mami Iwasaki, Yuki Kimura (JP) Daniel Rodenburg, D.U.M.B., Gabrielle Marks & Stefan Kunzmann, Jodi, 0010 (NL) with Webmasters: Squint
PROTOCOLLISION can be described as a "work in progress" by Japanese and Dutch webartists, curators, programmers and theoreticians and public. During two months, the website www..protocollision.org, which is created especially for this occasion, will constantly change and expanded with individual and collective sites and textual contributions.
Squint is responsible for the basic site in the form of a database, becoming more layered as the number of works increase. Initially the participating artists will develop autonomous websites. These are sites that explore the (im)possibilities of the medium from various angles, such as: the working of language(generators) and databases, the (il)logic of searchengines, sound as an interface and programs as a means of visual communication.
Because the contributions are both Japanese and Dutch it is especially interesting to view the possible similarities and differences in the methods of working and the results of the works: are cultural differences erased when making use of such a globally orientated medium or do they reappear instead?
In addition to these basic sites there is space for collaboration between the participants; for linking, copying and interfering with each other 's works: these are the locations where protocols are traversed, where a collision is forced. Various respondents have been invited, from programmer and cultural-philosopher to internet-critic, to follow the developments and contribute textual donations.
Naturally the public also has the opportunity to respond! As of November 1st the entire site will be globally accessible to anyone with an internet-connection. The various participants will by then have laid a foundation. These works-in-progress will continue to develop in the ensuing two months; the faithful follower of PROTOCOLLISION can check on changes daily.
Selection of Japanese artists: Kazunao Abe & Yukiko Shikata
Selection of Dutch artists: CELL - Initiators of Incidents -. | <urn:uuid:aa647cd7-7fcf-445e-8393-39bc96eac4b1> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://v2.nl/archive/works/protocollision/view | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721555.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00178-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93587 | 485 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Bread, bagels, and beyond
For toast fans, pop-up toasters are the greatest thing since sliced bread. Today’s models accommodate thicker bread slices and bagels, too.
If you want a more versatile appliance, you might be interested in a toaster oven. It can’t toast bread as quickly or sometimes as evenly as a pop-up toaster, but it can broil a filet of fish, bake a few cookies, cook a small casserole, or heat up a small pizza.
- Know what you need. If you only want to toast bread, a pop-up toaster is your most effective and energy-efficient option. If you want to be able to bake, broil, or warm up small meals in addition to toasting bread, a toaster oven is a more energy-efficient alternative to a full-size oven. Microwave ovens cook faster and so use even less energy than toaster ovens, but they don’t toast, bake or broil.
- Fan the fire. Toaster ovens with convection fans often cost more, but they cook faster and more evenly.
- Watch your watts. Higher wattage appliances use more energy, but usually can toast more bread or cook more food. Typical toasters are 800 to 1,400 watts, while typical toaster ovens range from about 1,200 to 1,700 watts.
Fifteen dollars will get you a basic pop-up toaster that works fine. Or you can spend a few dollars more for a toaster oven. For toaster ovens with more style, color choices, settings, and convection fans, costs range from $60 to $150 (or more for the fanciest toaster ovens).
…to the Earth
In general, toasters use a little less energy than toaster ovens, and toaster ovens use about half as much energy as a full-size electric oven. (A microwave conserves even more, though. It uses about two-thirds less energy than a conventional electric oven.) A convection fan can reduce the energy use of a toaster oven by cooking the food 20% to 30% faster.
Having too many choices. Few people need a pop-up toaster, a toaster oven, a conventional oven, and a microwave. Too many appliances will clutter your shelves and boost your consumption of natural resources. Figure out which ones you really need and just buy those.
If you want to calculate how much a toaster or toaster oven would cost you to operate each year, use this formula:
Multiply the appliance’s wattage times the number of hours used per day times the number of days used per year. Divide the product by 1,000 to get the number of kilowatt-hours used annually. Then multiple the number of kilowatt-hours by your electricity rate in $/kilowatt-hour (typically around $0.12 per kWh).
For example, using a 1,000-watt toaster for 10 minutes a day would cost about $7 per year in electricity if your electricity rate were 12 cents per kWh. | <urn:uuid:b4b38143-d00e-429d-b7da-13defe9cf083> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.scgh.com/go-green/appliances/toasters-and-toaster-ovens/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00482-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.924256 | 659 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Some time ago I wrote about the dangers of developments like child dossiers used by governments. One of the major risks is that people that will use this information use it without knowledge of the context when the information was stored. Information without context is hard to interpret leaves a lot of room for personal biases.
The Rathenau project I am doing deals with how the information anyone can find on the Internet will more and more become the context from which much of the official information in databases like Electronic Patient Files, Child Dossier, Civil Administration and others will be interpreted. This I showed also in the case on the social services. And many will recognize how they are using information found on the Internet as the context of the CV of a job applicant.
In relation to the social services we can debate whether this is a bad thing. After all the government also used special “kliklijnen” where people can complain anonymous about the black market activities of their neighbour on welfare. Not to say I approve of this method but it is legal.
But what about a health insurance company that starts to search the Internet for information on their patients. By law the insurance company has no access to the patients medical record. Are they allowed to factor in the information they can find on the Internet? I would say not but how can we prevent them from using this information. We can not prevent them from finding this information…
An example someone from CBP gave made me think. Say a woman just found out she is pregnant and has discussed morning sickness on a forum on the Internet. A week later she has a job interview where the HR manager has found this information. Even though as a society we have accepted that a potential pregnancy should not be discussed in job interviews we can not prevent people from using this information when they accidentally find it. And due to all kinds of mechanism I will discuss soon it is getting harder to stay anonymous on the Internet.
We can and should not control the information that is on the Internet. But on the one hand we will have to develop laws that govern what institutions are allowed to use and on the other hand we ourselves will have to deal with the fact that much personal information can be found.
Unless of course your name is Jan Jansen… | <urn:uuid:071c8ae1-72f9-44c6-b4a1-cc3143cddc9a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.icrowds.net/tag/information/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00025-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955859 | 459 | 1.695313 | 2 |
This paper aims to investigate the effects that a larger societal context (i.e. values, norms) and the legal framework have on an individual's ability to combine work and family.
Qualitative interviews were used to examine the perceptions female middle managers have of balancing work and family. A total of 25 female managers from the USA and 23 female managers from Germany were interviewed, representing diverse industries.
The results show that the dominant values in a particular society have a stronger influence on individuals' ability to balance work and family than the legal framework. Most importantly, the study provides empirical evidence for the fact that extensive laws originally designed to make it easier for women to combine work and family can actually have negative consequences for women and thus result in hurting the very persons they were designed to help.
The sample consisted of only a small number of female managers. Thus, it cannot be regarded as fully representative of women in the USA and Germany.
When introducing measures designed at increasing opportunities for employees to balance work and family, it is necessary to examine their completeness, relation to societal norms, and anticipated organizational implementation.
This work is one of the rare studies to have used a cross‐cultural comparison in research on the work‐family interface. It provides evidence for the importance of societal values and for the fact that seemingly supportive laws can have negative consequences for women's ability to combine work and family.
Emerald Group Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2008, Emerald Group Publishing Limited | <urn:uuid:53029608-8b98-4250-ba43-864053071c87> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/02683940810884531/full/html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.944588 | 334 | 1.640625 | 2 |
On the ground and in the air, Frontline Energy Services (FES) is committed to increasing efficiency, safety and consistency for utility service providers. The company has evolved from a small, rural pipeline installer to a holistic project management firm. A major part of this evolution has been the adoption of mobile technology. Using Apple iPad and iPad mini devices equipped with OtterBox Defender Series protection, the firm can offer a level of data analysis new to this stalwart industry.
Frontline Energy Services
Now exclusively focused on data solutions, FES came from the field – giving the company a deeper understanding of what the utilities industry needs. The company was founded in Flagstaff, Ariz., providing utilities construction services. FES Founder Brian Herzog saw an opportunity to vastly improve the industry through a more strategic approach to construction, maintenance and monitoring.
Today, FES provides a host of data-driven solutions to its utilities customers with a goal of making the industry more efficient, less reactive and safer. This evolution has been made possible by advancements in technology. By equipping field technicians with the proper technologies, FES can garner real-time data used to avoid major outages, predict maintenance issues and assess risk.
“The most usable thing when you’re standing on the side of a ditch or the side of a road in the middle of the desert is a tablet or a smartphone,” explained Geoff Morgan, executive vice president of operations for FES. “Especially when you can capture GPS information, you can get map information, you can email data, you can update records with a tool like a smartphone or tablet. You can really do things with technology that have never been done before out there.”
In addition to providing real-time data capture and feedback, the tablets have replaced huge reams of paper maps. The first application for FES was monitoring underground utilities from the air. Aerial patrollers for FES cover 7,000 miles per month in helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft. Their main focus is pinpointing any potential threats to existing natural gas pipelines.
“Before, it was a lot of paper maps and a lot of memorization for the routes. The tablets have made it a lot easier because you can see where you are in real time on a satellite image,” said aerial patroller Doug Wylde. “It definitely cuts down on errors and makes you more efficient. You can always tell where the pipeline is. You can place a point exactly where you saw something going on that could be a threat to the pipeline.”
Following the success of that first program, FES built additional capabilities for terrestrial monitoring, meter observation and other data applications. By early 2014, the company had grown its iPad and iPad mini fleet to about 400 devices. The iPads eliminated more than just paper. Much of the work had to be collected in the field and then entered in the office. Data collection is much more efficient now, with a single touch point.
Deploying hundreds of devices with custom software applications isn’t an easy task. One thing that Dave Veilleux, senior technical consultant and manager of IT infrastructure for FES, knew was that the iPads would need to be protected.
“We have only deployed one device without a case, and it’s because I couldn’t get one fast enough. It sat on a desk in the client’s office. It wasn’t used for a week, and it still ended up with a cracked screen, so we don’t deploy anything without an OtterBox case,” Veilleux said. “As technology develops things get obviously a lot slimmer. With slimmer comes dangerous breakage, so we decided to work with OtterBox to get a solid, ruggedized field system.”
FES is coupling the rugged OtterBox Defender Series case with the Utility Series Latch carrying accessory to offer trusted protection with convenient in-field use. The Defender Series features multiple layers of protection with a built-in screen protector, while allowing access to all features of the device. The Latch, which secures easily around the device corners, includes attachments for hands-free carrying.
“The reason we chose the OtterBox case is because we use all the functions of the device,” Veilleux said. “It’s very important to have the device protected, but we also need something like the Latch where we can hold onto it. We can take a photo while holding onto the iPad, and the camera isn’t obscured.”
FES is paving the way for major changes in the utilities industry using mobile technology, with plans to accelerate new programs to provide an even greater level of service. OtterBox premium solutions facilitate that advancement by protecting the company’s investment and allowing mobile technology to go further. | <urn:uuid:b90e8aaa-878a-4ae1-a720-f5c4443e91f6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://media.otterbox.com/case-studies?item=24 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00447-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.930675 | 1,001 | 1.789063 | 2 |
Offers a maximum range of 80 kilometers (50 miles).
Back in 2012, Germany’s postal service Deutsche Post (DHL) decided to introduce in its fleet several prototypes of electric vans produced by a startup called ‘StreetScooter.’ Two years after making the move, DHL decided to buy the company with the goal to replace the postal service’s entire fleet of around 30,000 delivery vans with EVs as a move to reduce operating costs.
The process kicked off earlier this year with an initial production batch of 2,000 units meant to substitute DHL’s conventionally-powered vehicles. Aside from replacing its fleet, the postal service also wants to make a nice profit by selling the vehicle to other companies that have already expressed their desire to acquire the electrified van.
A company spokesman told German news magazine Der Spiegel sales to third parties will begin from next year and the vehicle is going to be adapted to the customer’s specific needs. The electric van is fitted with a 20.4-kWh battery pack that has enough energy for 50 to 80 kilometers (31 to 50 miles) and needs seven hours for a full recharge or four and a half hours to reach an 80-percent charge level.
The front-wheel-drive EV comes with an electric motor developing 40 horsepower (30 kilowatts) and can reach an electronically-limited speed of 50 mph (80 kph). The maximum payload of 650 kilograms (1,433 pounds) should suffice for carrying cargo around town. More importantly, DHL says switching to the electric van will cut maintenance costs by 50 percent and will reduce repair costs by as much as 80 percent, so you can understand why some fleet managers want to buy it.
Besides the zero-emissions van, DHL also has an electric bicycle and an electric trike, with all three targeting the ‘last mile’ sector which refers to the distance from the distribution center to retailers. | <urn:uuid:b710925d-14e8-4311-bbc7-65288425d140> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.motor1.com/news/94428/dhl-will-begin-selling-streetscooter-ev-van-in-2017/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00555-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959602 | 401 | 1.984375 | 2 |
A look at manufacturing based careers.
The world of business and manufacturing is changing rapidly. Media stories, however, tend to focus on high-tech and other IT advancements at the expense of what’s happening in the more real-world field of manufacturing. But, in fact, some of the most amazing strides in terms of process engineering, robotics, medicine and other essential fields are centered on new manufacturing techniques. Perhaps that’s why some of the hottest jobs for the early years of the current decade are in manufacturing-based career fields. Here’s a look at what you can do to get in on the action.
Get a Degree and a Job in the Field
There are plenty of entry-level jobs in manufacturing, but some of the most lucrative positions are available to holders of college degrees. Before deciding on what subject to major in, get your financing situation settled. School loans make good sense for anyone who wants to earn a degree and enter any of these lucrative career fields. Applying for an education loan is easy, and most borrowers have access to favorable interest rates and reasonable terms. After getting your degree, find a job in the field to get a few years of core experience under your belt and build up your resume.
Consider Working with Medical Devices
One of the fastest-growing areas of the sector involves the design, production, and testing of medical devices. As the population ages, more people need hospital and in-home devices for things like heart-rate monitoring, dialysis-related tasks, stroke recovery, and insulin management. Glance at the shelf in your local pharmacy if you have any doubt about the booming medical device economy. There, you’ll see everything from at-home blood tests to high-end computerized wheelchairs. If you want a long-term career that offers excellent pay and the opportunity for advancement, you can’t go wrong by taking a position in this vibrant market segment.
Train for a Career in Aerospace
You’ll need at least an associate’s degree for most of the career positions in aerospace, whether you choose to work as an operations manager, engineering tech, robotics engineer, computer automation specialists, or automation expert. Aerospace has long been a favorite career field for those with an inclination for math, research, computer science, hands-on testing, specialized maintenance, and similar avocations. Generally, those in this field work closely in development and production of all sorts of aircraft. They also maintain and operate a diverse range of equipment. With the advent of space tourism, look for this field to continue to grow rapidly throughout the decade.
Give a Look at Logistics
How do you get a given product from the manufacturer/supplier all the way to the end consumer? It isn’t easy, but logistics experts figure out how to get the job done. This is one of the more fast-paced career fields within manufacturing, and it usually requires a college degree for entry or advancement. If this sounds like something you’d enjoy doing, consider getting your diploma in supply chain management, general business, or system engineering. The growing global economy needs logistics pros, which is one reason the field is rapidly expanding and needs fresh recruits. | <urn:uuid:13968bbe-5b3c-4b7b-8fd1-0fe2d4087811> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://industrytoday.com/trending-manufacturing-jobs-for-2020/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.95176 | 657 | 2.46875 | 2 |
The geological and spiritual history of Lake Powell and the Glen Canyon region of Utah and Arizona.
The pueblos of Sierra Madre, Mexico; a donkey-powered pinole grinder made of stone; a leather goods shop in Sahuaripa, Mexico.
Utah's San Rafael Swell and Little Grand Canyon.
Hiking through Canyon X and Kodachrome Basin State Park in Utah; Goblin Valley State Park.
The Northern Jaguar Project tracks jaguar movements throughout Eastern Sonora, Mexico.
Tiger rattlesnakes; rattlesnake dens in the mountains; gila monster.
Kartchner Caverns State Park; Tombstone, Ariz.; Sandhill Cranes of Sulphur Springs Valley; Chiricahua Mountains.
Hot-air balloon ride in Yuma, Ariz.; Arizona Territorial Prison; Sonoran Desert National Monument; Picacho Peak State Park.
Pinaleno Mountains; Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument; Quitobaquito Springs; border fences between the U.S. and Mexico.
Cemetery in Hachita, N.M.; Geronimo Surrenders Monument; Gadsden Hotel; a trip 300-feet underground on Bisbee's Queen Mine Tour.
Cuerva de los Manos: stenciled handprints; Cerro de los Indios; little ranches; modern sheep-herding gauchos.
The Patagonian landscape; El Calafate, the gateway to Los Glaciares National Park; an ice cave; glacial calving.
Tracing the Rio San Miguel through Sonora, Mexico; Father Kino's monument; Cucurpe.
A restoration crew at San Xavier del Bac Mission uses new adobe to repair existing exterior; a commercial brickyard; the Tucson Mountains.
Indigenous peoples of Chihuahua, Mexico; evidence of advanced drainage systems in Paquime, Mexico; a Mennonite farm operation.
The life of the hummingbird, from the Sonoran Desert to Ecuador's mountaintop preserve of Loma Alta; howler monkeys.
Loma Alta, Ecuador, sits below a cloud-forest nature preserve; a hummingbird oasis.
The witches market in Chiclayo offers herbs, hallucinogens and other natural remedies; Ventanillas de Otuzco.
California's Coachella Valley is the hottest inhabited place in the Northern Hemisphere; Palm Canyon; Oasis Date Gardens.
The rugged coast, habitats and traditions of Michoacan, Mexico; banana plantation; Sandbox Tree bears explosive fruit; Mala Mujer shrub.
Annual festival dedicated to pitaya cactus fruit; workers harvest pitayas by lamplight; carpenter makes furniture from columnar cactus wood.
The history and production process of tequila in Jalisco, Mexico.
Exploring the "Arizona Strip" for evidence of early settlements; high desert plants; California Condor Restoration Project.
The market at Puerto Ayora in Santa Cruz; Darwin Research Station's saddleback tortoises; land iguanas; volcanic craters.
Evidence of drought, fire, and civilization; a hike through Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument.
Scientists use tree rings from the White Mountains of California and Sequoia National Park to determine how long the Medieval drought lasted.
South American hats; a museum houses the ancestors of the Chachapoyas; Kuelap's active archeological site.
Adobe pyramids tower over the Peruvian countryside; the Royal Tombs of Sipan house some of the world's richest gold artifacts.
The Rio Maranon in the Amazon boasts a growing abundance of desert vegetation; a gushing spring powers woodworking machinery.
A hunt for fish fossils in the Red Desert of Wyoming; Painted Desert; meteorite collector Robert Haag.
The second half of the deserts along Route 66, from the Petrified Forest to the Joshua trees of the Mojave Desert.
Historic Route 66 allows thousands of Americans to make the journey to California.
Scientists mark and track desert tortoises using telemetry; homes benefit from the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum's Tortoise Adoption Program.
The Gondwana Link project is an ecological restoration process geared toward repairing habitats fractured after World War II.
Alice Springs Desert Park's rivers, sand country and woodland habitats are home to kangaroos, wallabies and bilbies.
Prime bird-watching sites in Australia; helicopter excursion.
Quartzsite, Ariz., is 20 miles east of the Colorado River.
Baja's wine industry.
A pilgrimage by foot and horseback to the church in Sonora's Magdalena de Kino pays homage to San Francisco.
The geology of the Grand Canyon and its desert vegetation.
Sacred salt mines; the intersection of the Little Colorado River with the main river; canyon concert.
Once home to prehistoric Sinagua Indians, Montezuma Castle now houses a colony of bats.
The Rio Sonora in northwest Mexico stretches to the Gulf of California near Kino Bay.
Marine iguanas and the flightless cormorant are some of the creatures in the waters off the Galapagos Islands.
Searching for large cacti on a desert island; flamingos; ghost crabs.
The volcanic origins of Ecuadorean islands.
Plazas pre-Hispanic to modern; how people in the New World used them.
The Red Desert has the largest desert elk herd and largest migratory herd in the continental U.S.
The Red Desert of southwest Wyoming and the Honeycomb Buttes.
El Camino Real; monument to Mexican Gen. Pancho Villa; Chamizal National Memorial.
A journey along El Camino Real; history of the springs of Aguas Calientes; mining town.
El Camino Real trade route from southern Mexico to New Mexico.
The Tohono O'odham live on the second-largest reservation in the U.S.
A trip down the Green River in Utah includes a look at the Dinosaur National Monument and Desolation Canyon.
Peru's Colca Canyon; Andean condors; terraced farming; cactus fruit; harvest; quinoa.
Incan culture; rock art; Nazca lines; underground canals; aqueducts; Incan burial ground.
Sand dunes; the Imperial Sand Dunes Recreation Area; Mexico's Gran Desierto dunes; Utah's Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park.
Sand dunes in Colorado's Rocky Mountains, the base of the Guadalupe Mountains in west Texas and the White Sands National Monument in New Mexico.
The traditions of the Apatas, an aboriginal group in Sonora, Mexico, including palm-weaving.
Collecting plants; Scottsdale, Ariz.; Boyce Thompson Arboretum; Bach's Cactus Nursery in Tucson, Ariz.; cactus cultivation.
La Paz, Bolivia; Witches' Market; Lake Titicaca; Incan temple.
The Pan-American Highway; Lima, Peru; Ballestas Islands; Toro Muerto.
Wild plants of Baja, Calif., including the boojum tree and the bonsai-like coastal alkali heath shrub.
Cochimi Indian cave drawings; the Sierra del San Francico Mountains; elephant trees; gypsum crystals.
Lava flows and rodent population in Baja California.
Birdwatchers from the Arizona Sonora Desert Museum travel through coastal and forest habitats searching for rare birds.
Astronomy in the Puebloan world, as seen through rock art and architecture throughout the Four Corners.
The Valle de Tehuacan is not only home to the world's greatest variety of cacti, but possibly the birthplace of domestic corn.
Exploring the Spanish influence in the valley of Tehuacan and Oaxaca.
Eighteen species of cacti grow in the Valle de Tehuacan and nearby Oaxaca, all used by native peoples.
The Gila River, which formerly flowed across Arizona, is used up and dries out merely halfway to its former confluence with the Colorado River.
The ecosystems of southwestern Bolivia's desert and volcano regions.
Life in the foothills of the Bolivian Andes, in the village of Santiago de K, includes harvesting endemic potatoes and quinoa.
Exploring the highest desert in the world, located in southwestern Bolivia.
Gray whales travel thousands of miles to reproduce at San Ignacio lagoon of Baja California.
The Basque people of the Great Basin Desert; Winnemucca Basque Parade and Festival; Basque traditions.
A look at the plants and animals that inhabit the Great Basin and the surrounding area.
Nevada; Highway 50; Great Basin Desert; steam train; Ruby National Wildlife Refuge; Canada geese; cranes.
Mojave Desert; lilies; lizards; Joshua Tree National Park; cholla forest.
Mojave Desert; Mojave National Preserve; creosote flats; Mitchell Caverns; volcanic fields.
Travels to such aptly named places as the Devil's Golf Course, Furnace Creek and Badwater.
Sasabe, Ariz.; mission; spring wildflower display; petroglyphs.
Sonoran Desert; Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument; dry cave; javelina; medicinal plants.
Chihuahau Desert; biking, hiking and canoeing through Big Bend National Park; prehistoric fossils; cave paintings; canyons.
Host John David Yetman visits the Big Bend National Park to explore the Chihuahuan Desert near the Rio Grand river.
The people of Argentina; natural resources; Buenos Aires; Eva Peron's tomb; wool harvest; cactus wood.
Salta, Argentina; market; fog forest; painted desert.
Argentina; Buenos Aires; the Andes; farmers market; rain forest; archaeological site predates the Incas.
The chances given the sandhill crane, desert fish and antelope to survive the changes man has made to the once wide-open West.
The survival tricks used by many desert animals, from kangaroo rats to desert fish and self-shading agave cacti.
Traveling through the desert without air conditioning in a Model T Ford, on horseback and on foot.
The medical uses for the prickly pear, which can be found growing from Mexico to Canada.
The 50th anniversary of the Arizona-Sonoma Desert Museum, which serves as a zoo, botanical garden and education center.
The construction of two different desert homes with the same goal -- to be energy efficient in the middle of the desert.
Ethno-botanists attempt to learn how the sagueso cactus came to be found outside its natural Mexican habitat.
Mexican town prospers after Juan Quezada shares his pot-making skills.
The scheduled demolition of the Glen Canyon Dam, a structure originally designed to generate power and protect the environment.
The life of the Anasazi along the San Juan River 2,000 years ago.
Working as a rancher in San Rafael Valley on the Arizona-Mexico border.
The lives of the people living along the Magdalena Bay along the Pacific coast of the Baja.
A geological history of the northern Sonora Desert, including a major earthquake that struck in the late 1800s.
How human intervention created the Salton Sea, a wildlife refuge for birds.
Efforts to preserve the unique mineralogical formations of Kartchner Caverns.
The survival techniques of roadrunners and coyotes.
The importance of the mesquite tree to both the mesquite bug and people living in the Sonoran Desert.
The struggle the Guarijio Indians faced in regaining their freedom from wealthy land owners.
Rafting; Colorado River; Grand Canyon; engineer Robert Brewster Stanton.
Clips from the past 10 years that delve into the history, people, geology and geography of the Sonoran Desert.
The lives of bees, from honey production to the rigid caste system.
Deadly honeybees have migrated north to the Southwestern United States.
Forest-fire fighter; outdoors journalist; artist; museum curator.
Jobs that entail working outdoors, including eco-wrangler, river guide, hot-air balloonist and archaeologist.
Fluoroscopy reveals the insides of desert insects, reptiles, birds, mammals.
Archaeologists examine the ancient Chaco culture of New Mexico.
What engineers are learning from spiders; spiders that aren't as bad as their reputations.
The marine nature preserve on the shores of the Sea of Cortez that incorporates two different ecosystems.
The two-year expedition of Norwegian scientist Carl Lumholtz through the Great Desert of Sonoro, Mexico.
Scientific, medical and culinary uses for chiles, from analgesic rubs to keeping away unwanted animals.
Reintroduction of antelopes, beavers and ferrets to natural environments.
The origin and impact of paths, ancient trails and roadways.
Ways of viewing nature from a new perspective.
Collections of the weirdest rare plants in the world.
The natural history of rattlesnakes in the United States.
Gems and minerals.
The varying species of butterflies, moths and dragonflies in North America.
A desert museum; creating exhibits; natural habitats.
Biologist protects birds.
The volcanic desert islands in the Gulf of California.
The spiritual effect desert geological land formations have on people.
Exploring the Pinacate, known as the driest and one of the last explored regions of North America.
The relationship between humans and rattlesnakes.
Seven ecological zones found within the Sonoran Desert.
Four research subjects and how they adapt to their environments.
The agave is a source of tequila, food, clothing, rope.
The impact exotic species have on their non-native environments.
The various ecosystems found within the Santa Catalina Mountains.
Four insects: a grasshopper, fly, beetle and moth.
Nontraditional building methods; building in an arid environment.
Bird migrations from Colorado's Rocky Mountains to Guadalajara, Mexico.
A day-in-the-life portrait of the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum.
Ancient agricultural techniques still in use today along the Rio Yaqui in Sonora, Mexico.
Dispelling myths associated with the desert, including getting water from a cactus.
The disappearance of hummingbirds, bees and other pollinators and how this affects commercial agriculture operations.
Islands of the Baja; sea lions; elephant seals; gray whales; eco-tourism.
Islands of the Baja; sea lions; elephant seals; gray whales; eco-tourism.
The natural cycle of life; life/death in the Sonoran desert.
Fort Huachuca, U.S. Army post; civilian researchers.
Southwestern Research Station; hummingbirds; lizard push-ups; tarantulas.
The important relationship of plants and animals.
The reality of water holes in the Sonoran desert and the flora and fauna that surrounds them.
Climate changes; learning about past climates; tree-ring analysis; fossil dung; dinosaur bones.
Taking advantage of the coolness of night, desert animals roam, gather and hunt.
Coping with the extremes found in a desert landscape, including comfortable buildings created by adapting animal survival strategies.
Glen Canyon Environmental Studies; measuring changes in river environments; the future of rivers.
Recent changes along the Colorado River and how even this river environment has elements of the desert.
The role of fires in the desert; future fire-management techniques.
Canoeing on the Verde River, whether for work or pleasure.
Plants of the Sonora.
Animals of the Sonora.
Procreation of desert animals.
How animals are cared for at the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum.
Researching desert life.
A group of children surveys a riparian area.
The inquisitiveness of children.
The impact of the Verde River on humans.
The spiritual relationship Mayo Indians enjoy with nature.
The role of bats in the desert ecosystem.
The habits of desert animals, including mountain lions, lizards, ants and the desert tortoise; a look at desert research, including searching for chuckwallas.
The Centro Ecologico de Sonora in Hermosillo, Mexico -- an organization working to preserve sensitive biological sites.
The Nature Conservancy's Tribal Relations Project, focusing on the Tohono O'Odham's management and protection of endangered native plants.
A traditional Tohono O'Odham garden; plants that will attract birds.
A Ramsey Canyon research project for banding hummingbirds; how birds are affected by a desert's seasons.
Plants, animals and insects which use poison and other toxic substances for protection, survival and as an offensive weapon.
A look at desert research, including searching for chuckwallas and following the desert tortoise using radio tracking.
The habits of desert animals, including mountain lions, lizards, ants and the desert tortoise.
Butterflies, hummingbirds and other tiny denizens of the Sonoran Desert.
Recreational uses of the desert at Topock Gorge, Rio Yaqui and Muleshoe Ranch, including mountain biking and rock climbing.
An examination of plants, reptiles and insects that make their homes among the seemingly barren desert sand dunes.
The life cycle of the saguaro cactus and its relationship with insects, animals and other plants.
Eco-tourism, coastal sea birds, whale watching, Catholic missions and the prehistoric indigenous people of the Baja Peninsula.
Examines the geography, vegetation and animals found in California's Baja Peninsula.
Wildlife camouflaged by blowing grasses; constructing a grasslands habitat at the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum.
Desert insects and arthropods, including their means of locomotion, defense and role in the Sonoran habitat.
The new science of "restoration ecology," which seeks to rehabilitate desert riparian areas.
The plant and animal life found in Arizona's Chiricahua Mountains.
The benefits that come from studying the desert; the fate of an endangered lily.
The wildlife that struggle for survival on the desert islands of the Gulf of California.
How the wildlife that live in the Sea of Cortez make use of the sea's resources.
The Colorado River sustains fish, plants and wildlife.
Wildlife found in the Sonoran Desert during spring.
Humans affect the desert environment.
North America's hottest and driest region contains lava, giant craters and sand dunes.
Traces the desert's water source from the upper reaches of the watershed to the Sonoran Desert valley.
The white rock spires of the Sierra de Alamos mountains; geological formations that produced the Sonoran.
The variety of plants and animals that live in the Sonoran desert.
Overlooked desert foods: prickly pear, saguaro cactus, palo verde and jojoba.
Hunting and scavenging by wolves, mountain lions, vultures, coyotes and kestrels.
How indigenous desert dwellers have been affected by invasive foreigners.
The lifecycle of desert caves, spelunking, mines and underground life.
How the harsh environment has forced desert inhabitants to adapt.
Plant propagation and lizard locomotion are included in a look at mobility.
Sonoran monsoons; creatures of the night, including bats, owls and scorpions.
Endangered species living in the Sonoran Desert, including wolves, chuckwallas and pupfish, are profiled.
Desert creatures aid research scientists.
Canada; "mountain islands."
Identifying dangerous and poisonous desert plants and animals.
Wildflowers, spadefoot toads, cacti, ocotillo and other desert wildlife.
This 13-part series examining the Sonoran Desert opens with the desert's colors. | <urn:uuid:47a8ac32-7743-45f4-8fa5-1385d91a738a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://tv.twcc.com/tv/desert-speaks/1055811 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00448-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.851787 | 4,221 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Occupational Therapy is a health and rehabilitation profession. Occupational therapists and occupational therapy assistants work with people of all ages who, because of physical, developmental, social or emotional problems, need specialized help to lead independent, productive and satisfying lives.
Occupational therapy assistants (COTAs) work in general hospitals, rehabilitation facilities, out-patient clinics, long term care facilities, home health agencies, public school systems, and various community programs providing services to individuals who are at risk for health related problems and dysfunction. COTAs also work in wellness programs to help clients to maintain health and engagement in their valued life activities.
The occupational therapy assistant program is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education (ACOTE) of the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA), located at 4720 Montgomery Lane, Suite 200, Bethesda, MD 20814-3449. ACOTE’s telephone number c/o AOTA is (301) 652-AOTA and its Web address is www.acoteonline.org. | <urn:uuid:8bb97e2a-60cc-432b-a9c1-514b9e09739a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.qcc.edu/occupational-therapy-assistant | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00155-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.924597 | 211 | 1.757813 | 2 |
New homicide rankings for 65 cities areas tell two stories for many of the places surveyed, says the Raleigh News & Observer. The rankings by the Improving Crime Data project, which is funded by the U.S. National Institute of Justice, take into account factors that make areas more or less vulnerable to crime. In 2006, Raleigh ranked 50th among 65 cities for homicides per 100,000 people. When the area’s rate was adjusted, Raleigh ranked 47th. According to the formula used to calculate the adjusted total, the actual homicide rate was slightly higher than what would be expected for an area with Raleigh’s socioeconomic factors.
Crime numbers — combined with variables such as the level of social and economic disadvantage, population growth since 2000 and the divorce rate — give residents a better idea of the likelihood that crime will take place, said Robert Friedmann, a professor in the Department of Criminal Justice at Georgia State University. Several cities changed rank dramatically when adjusted. Unadjusted, Detroit leads the list. Its adjusted rate drops it to No. 21. Anaheim, Calif., is No. 63 on the unadjusted rankings list. Adjusted, it is No. 37. “Anaheim shouldn’t produce as much crime as it is,” Friedmann said. The data may be seen at this Web site: | <urn:uuid:fb7b0ee2-5237-443e-ae99-04772efe147e> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://thecrimereport.org/2007/09/26/homicide-data-analysis-can-change-city-ranking-sharply/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719453.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00230-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94917 | 269 | 1.90625 | 2 |
|Written by|| Eloise Jarvis McGraw|
Lauren Lynn McGraw
|Publisher||The International Wizard of Oz Club|
The Forbidden Fountain of Oz was written by Eloise Jarvis McGraw and Lauren Lynn McGraw, authors of Merry Go Round in Oz (1963), the last of the "Famous Forty" Oz books. Forbidden Fountain was illustrated by Dick Martin, and published in 1980 by The International Wizard of Oz Club.
The McGraws dedicated the book to Ruth Plumly Thompson.
Emeralda Osgood, a little girl who lives in the Emerald City, prepares limeade for the annual Clover Fair; but she mistakenly uses water from the Forbidden Fountain in the garden of the Royal Palace of Oz. She has only one customer before she drops and breaks her pitcher — but that customer is Princess Ozma, who instantly loses her memory from the Water of Oblivion. Ozma wanders away and drops her crown; she falls in with a series of new acquaintances, including the Monarch of the Butterflies, who names her "Poppy" after the flowers in her hair.
Outfitted in boy's clothes, with her hair tucked up under a knit cap, "Poppy" meets a lamb named Lambert, who has been ejected from his Gillikin Country flock (because he's white instead of lavender). Together they blunder into Camouflage Creek and undergo a series of metamorphoses into bugs and beasts. Back in their original forms, they meet an inept highwayman named Tobias Bridlecull Jr., who becomes the third member of their little band. (He carries a Suggestion Box that makes suggestions instead of accepting them, as in "suggest oil for Suggestion Box" and "suggest lunch.")
Kabumpo, meanwhile, is having adventures of his own; after leaving the Clover Fair in the capital, the Elegant Elephant is waylaid by the animated toys of Wyndup Town. He meets Poppy and company in Gozzerland National Park, and they join together for further escapades in Cleanitupia and Pristinia. Only when Kabumpo sees Poppy with her hair loose does he recognize Ozma.
Kabumpo tries to win the amnesiac girl's trust, to return her to her rightful place. He fails miserably. A desperate Kabumpo kidnaps Ozma and hauls her bodily back to the Emerald City, meeting new difficulties along the way. Eventually, Ozma is able to restore her own memories with the Magic Belt.
The Forbidden Fountain is of course the same one that L. Frank Baum introduced in The Emerald City of Oz. The Fountain plays a significant role in a number of Oz books, including The Magic of Oz, The Wicked Witch of Oz, and Paradox in Oz, as well as here in this book. | <urn:uuid:f231cc94-c4a7-4513-8fb7-eac79cb7473e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://oz.wikia.com/wiki/The_Forbidden_Fountain_of_Oz | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00344-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960271 | 581 | 1.859375 | 2 |
During a drug bust or manhunt, law enforcement officers from many agencies might work together, but some of the most vital officers on these scenes are K9 units.
In Whitehouse, many people know Whitehouse police officer Kevin Bisnette, not just because he dons a uniform, but because no ma- tter where he goes, he’s got a popular companion: His partner and best friend Vox.
“I am actually with him more than I am with my family. It’s like having another kid. You take care of him just like you would another normal kid, and he’s the same way. He goes with me everywhere I go,” Bisnette said.
Bisnette and Vox have been inseparable since 2010 ,when they united at a training camp.
“We went and trained in Louisiana for a month and a half.”
At these training camps, officers work with many dogs to see which one they get along with best.
“He kind of picked me,” Bisnette said. “Like from the first day he was real attached to me.”
That connection is what lets Bisnette know Vox has his back.
“Every time I stop a car, he’ll sit up in the kennel and he sits and watches me. I also have a button I can hit and it will open that door to where he can come out and help me if someone tries to attack,” Bisnette said.
Protecting Bisnette is just one of Vox’s many jobs.
“Vox is what’s called a patrol dog. He can do the building searches, like if we have somebody who is in a building that has a weapon and I don’t want to send an officer in there, I can send Vox and he’ll go get him. He does the tracking. He can track for lost persons or suspects; he does the narcotics,” Bisnette said.
Vox does narcotics searches almsot every day for all kinds of drugs: Marijuana, cocaine, ecstasy, meth and more.
So how is he trained to find all of these? It’s all about a little PVC pipe.
“It’s based off of a reward system,” Bisnette said. “When you start out you put the toy or reward wherever the narcotics are so whenever he smells that specific odor, he thinks he’s finding that reward. You build it up to eventually he searches for it on his own.”
Another big part of Vox’s job is tracking and apprehension.
“Apprehension work is going to be for someone we know is an armed threat. We’ll track them until we get to him, and that’s kind of his way of disarming him to keep him from hurting me or any other officer before we get up there,” Bisnette said.
Apprehension training is done with a padded sleeve. Vox charges the person in the sleeve and releases as soon as Bisnette says so. It doesn’t hurt the person in the sleeve.
“He’s not an aggressive dog at all,” Bisnette said. “He can turn it off and on. He can go from biting someone to lying down and letting 35 kids pet him. It’s real easy for him.”
At home Bisnette’s three young children treat Vox like a brother.
“He is part of my family. I love him just like he’s one of the kids,” he said.
That love and undying trust make Bisnette and Vox a true force to be reckoned with. Their uniforms represent a responsibility of bravery, dedication, and som- etimes sacrifice; but no matter what danger they face, these two officers know they’ll never have to face it alone.
Not every K9 unit can do what Vox does. Some dogs can only track, and some can only do narcotics work. It all depends on their personality. Many K9 teams in the area train together for about eight hours every week so that when something big happens, they can work in unison.
Smith County Sheriff’s Office, DPS, and Tyler, Troup and Arp police departments all have K9 units. | <urn:uuid:c28a1da4-a11b-4d1c-a776-bb9134aee1d1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.tylerpaper.com/TP-News+Local/189021/k9-units-vital-to-officers-on-drug-busts-manhunts | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00394-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970585 | 912 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Surname distribution maps for Abdelwahab
We don't have any stats on how common this name is. This is probably because it's very rare in the UK.
Abdelwahab in the 1881 Census
Sorry, we don't have any stats for the distribution of Abdelwahab in the 1881 Census.
Abdelwahab in the 21st Century
Sorry, we don't have any stats for the distribution of Abdelwahab in the 21st Century.
The maps, if available, show both where there are more people named Abdelwahab and where they are most concentrated.
The distributions are shown by means of coloured dots centred on the various British counties. The dots relate to the county as a whole, not to any specific location within the county.
For the 1881 census, the counties used are those which existed at the time and were recorded on the census data. For the 21st century stats, the traditional or ceremonial counties are used in order to avoid distortions caused by unitary authority cities.
The darker the colour, the more people in that county are named Abdelwahab.
The larger the dot, the greater the proportion of people in that county are named Abdelwahab.
Hovering over the dots will give you the individual statistics for that county. | <urn:uuid:ddab8c1f-3e16-4279-9fbc-ea27b161d6e1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.britishsurnames.co.uk/surname/abdelwahab/map | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00266-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95662 | 276 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Fiber Optic Center Glossary
There are currently 3633 names in this directory
1-Part, AL-12xx Series
ÅngströmLink® non-curing gels. Also known as thixotropic gels, or greases, these are 1-part materials that flow when pressure is applied, and remain in place when the force is removed (like toothpaste). These materials are generally used to displace the air gap between two optical elements and do not form a permanent bond between the two elements; generally need other mechanical fastening to insure structural integrity of the joint. Joints interconnected in this way are easily unmade and remade.
10 Gigabit Ethernet
The IEEE has initiated work on the specification of 10 Gigabit Ethernet over optical fiber cabling. The standard is planned for completion in 2001 or early 2002, with specifications for multimode and singlemode fiber.
30-MHz personal-communications-services provider serving a major trading area in the frequency block of 1850 to 1865 MHz paired with 1930 to 1945 MHz.
An early stage in the preparation of certain thermosetting resins, in which the material is still soluble in certain liquids, and fusible.
The total resistance offered by a device in an alternating current circuit due to inductive and capacitive effects, as well as the direct current resistance.
A material which is adhesive resistant and applicable as a non-sticking surface coating; release agent.
A measure of ability of a wire, wire covering or material to resist surface wear or damage by mechanical means.
The total resistance offered by a device in an alternating current circuit due to inductive and capacitive effects, as well as the direct current resistance .
A test in which voltage, temperature, etc., are increased above normal operating values to obtain observable deterioration in a relatively short period of time. The plotted results give expected service life under normal conditions.
A set of laboratory conditions to simulate in a short time the effects of natural weathering. Most adhesives are generally not subjected to the conditions that are normally considered under weathering tests.
Additional stress imposed on a wire rope due to increasing the velocity of the load
The half-angle of the cone within which all incident light is totally internally reflected by the fiber core. For graded index fibers, acceptance angle is a function of position on the entrance face of the core.
In a data processing system, any of the techniques available to end users for movement of data between main storage and an input/output device or channel. These techniques are most commonly a part of the operating system.
Mechanical devices such as back-shells, cable clamps or strain reliefs which are attached to connectors to make up the total connector assembly.
(1) A retractile cable with a series of equally-spaced transverse folds. (2) A connector contact with a Z shaped flat spring to permit high deflection without overstress.
Acetate (cellulose acetate)
A transparent film which is used for various reasons in tape backings; the primary characteristic is that of being more moisture resistant than cellophane.
A very volatile and flammable solvent that is particularly useful for cleaning metal substrates.
A synthetic polymer with excellent aging characteristics that can be used as either a single component adhesive, coating or saturant, depending upon composition.
A chemical additive used to initiate the chemical reaction in a specific chemical mixture .
In an alternating current, a component in phase with the voltage. The working component as distinguished from the idle or wattless component.
An active device is a device that requires electrical power. One type is those that convert signals between electrical and optical formats such as lasers, LEDs, and photodiodes. Active devices also can manipulate light, such as optical amplifiers and modulators.
Active optical cable (AOC)
A fiber optic cable that has been preterminated with an external electrical endface, thereby removing the termination process. The electrical endfaces can be manufactured with most module formats. The most common module formats are the SFP and HDMI interfaces, but DVI, VGA, SFP+, and QSFP+ interfaces also can be provided.
In an AC circuit, the pressure which produces a current, as distinguished from the voltage impressed upon the circuit.
Ad Hoc Cabling
Cabling scheme where different types of cabling components from different vendors are linked together to form a cabling system.
A device that enables any or all of the following a) different sizes or types of plugs to mate with one another or to fit into a telecommunications outlet/connector; b) the rearrangement of leads; c) large cables with numerous wires to fan out into smalle
A mechanical media termination device designed to align and join fiber optic connectors. Often referred to as a coupling, bulkhead, or interconnect sleeve.
Add/drop multiplexer (ADM)
A mid-span electronic element that provides optoelectric/electro-optic conversion to add, drop, or multiplex photonic signals.
1) A chemical reaction in which simple molecules are linked together to form long chain molecules; 2) A chain reaction in which monomers with carbon-carbon double bonds are converted to polymers.
The state in which two surfaces are held together by interfacial forces which may be chemical or mechanical in nature .
Adhesion (adhesive) failure
Rupture of an adhesive bond in which the separation appears visually to be at the adhesive/adherend interface.
An increase in the peel adhesion value of a pressure-sensitive tape after it has been allowed to dwell on the applied surface.
A substance used to improve bonding of the adhesive to the substrate. (Compare coupling agent and primer.) Discussion—The adhesion promoter may be added to an adhesive formulation or applied to the substrate.
Adhesion to backing
The bond produced by contact between a pressure-sensitive adhesive and the tape backing when one piece is applied to the back of another piece of the same tape.
Adhesion between surfaces in which the adhesive holds the parts together by interlocking action.
Adhesion between surfaces that are held together by valence forces of the same type as those which give rise to cohesion.
Cables bonded by adding an adhesive coating to the surface of the cable components, then joining and curing the adhesive to form a cable. See Bonded Cables.
A pressure-sensitive adhesive which is pulled away from the tape and remains on the surface to which the tape was applied.
Location at which two adherends are held together with a layer of adhesive. (See also bond )
Lining the melts and flows inside a sleeve filling any voids in between the substrate and the sleeve
The transfer of adhesive from its normal position on the tape to the surface to which the tape was attached, either during unwind or removal.
The locus of fracture occurring in an adhesively-bonded joint resulting in a loss of load-carrying capability.
An adhesive that can be used for bonding parts together such as the manufacture of a boat, airplane, furniture, and the like.
An adhesive that is apparently dry to the touch and which will adhere to itself instantaneously upon contact; also called contact bond adhesive or dry bond adhesive.
Group of adhesives which show "instant" cure properties and bond to a wide variety of substrates. Cure is by contact with alkaline materials. Weakly alkaline materials, such as water, cause the cure to start.
An adhesive, the apparent density of which has been decreased substantially by the presence of numerous gaseous cells dispersed throughout its mass. Same as cellular adhesive.
Adhesive, Foamed – An adhesive, the apparent density of which has been decreased substantially by the presence of numerous gaseous cells dispersed throughout its mass. Same as cellular adhesive.
An adhesive, the apparent density of which has been decreased substantially by the presence of numerous gaseous cells dispersed throughout its mass. Same as cellular adhesive.
Adhesive, Heat activated
A dry adhesive film that is rendered tacky or fluid by application of heat or heat and pressure to the assembly.
Adhesive, Hot melt
An adhesive that is applied in a molten state and forms a bond on cooling to a solid state.
Adhesive, Intermediate temperature setting
An adhesive that sets in the temperature range of 31°-99°C (87°-211°F).
Adhesive, Pressure sensitive
A viscoelastic material which in solvent-free form remains permanently tacky. Such a material will adhere instantaneously to most solid surfaces with the application of very slight pressure.
Adhesive, Room temperature setting
An adhesive that sets in the temperature range of 20°-30°C (68°-86°F).
Adhesive, Separate application
A term used to describe an adhesive consisting of two parts, one part being applied to one substrate and the other part to the other substrate and the two brought together to form a joint.
Adhesive, solvent activated
A dry adhesive film that is rendered tacky just prior to use by application of a solvent.
Any conductor next to another conductor either in the same multi-conductor cable layer or in adjacent layers.
The method for labeling, identification, documentation and usage needed to implement moves, additions and changes of the telecommunications infrastructure.
A location at which communications circuits are administered; that is, rearranged or rerouted by means of cross connections, interconnection, or information outlets.
The part of a premises distribution system that includes the distribution hardware components where you can add or rearrange circuits. These components include cross connects, interconnects, information outlets, and their associated patch cords and plugs. Also called "administration points". See also Cross Connect and Information Outlets (IO).
The measure of the ease with which an alternating current flows in a circuit. The reciprocal of impedance.
Advanced Intelligent Networks (AIN)
Systems that allow a wireless user to make and receive phone calls while roaming in areas outside the user’s “home” network.
A type of installation in which the cable is connected to poles or towers by means of clamps or other attachment hardware.
Aging Stability Test
The test used to determine the flexibility of a cable after temperature cycling.
Air blown fiber (ABF)
An installation technique developed by British Telecom where micro ducts or “pipe cables” are installed, and then optical fibers or fiber bundles are blown into the cable with spans reaching 10,000 feet.
A telephone outside plant cable construction for aerial and duct installation in which the insulated conductors in the cable core are surrounded by air.
Air Core Cable
A cable in which the interstices in the cable core are not filled with a moisture barrier.
Air handling plenum
A space within a building that is designed for the movement of environmental air, e.g., a space above a suspended ceiling or below an access floor.
The first polish of a ferrule or termini after the fiber has been cleaved. The lapping film is passed over the connector endface in the air to polish the fiber stub just above the ferrule endface.
Air Spaced Coaxial Cable
One in which air is essentially the dielectric material. A spirally wound synthetic filament, beads, or braided filaments may be used to center the conductor.
Denotes applications peculiar to aircraft and missiles or other systems designed for operation primarily within the earth's atmosphere. (MIL-STD)
Strands, cords and wire ropes made of special strength wire primarily for aircraft controls and miscellaneous uses of Aircraft Industry
Time spent talking on a cellular phone. This is usually billed to the subscriber on a per-minute basis.
An appliance for mating and holding two connector ferrules in alignment. Also known as a C-clip.
Aliphatic resin glue
Yellow glues which provide more grab for shorter clamp times, and offer better water resistance and heat resistance than traditional white glues.
All-optical network (AON)
A network that uses only optical components to produce, direct, condition, control, and connect optical signals.
A cable in which all interstices between conductors are filled with rubber compound.
A mechanical device shaped like alligator jaws used as a temporary connection on the sod of interconnections wire.
The designation of a band of frequencies for a specific radio service or services. The Federal Communications Commission and the National Telecommunications and Information Administration are responsible for frequency allocations in the US.
A mixture of two or more metals combined to achieve properties, such as a lower melting point or greater strength, that the individual metals do not possess.
A message on a digital output display containing letters, “alphas”, and numbers, “numerics”.
A type of cable consisting of insulated conductors enclosed in a continuous, closely fitting aluminum tube.
Mechanical arrangement of keyways, inserts or grooves in a connector shell or insert that allows connectors of the same configuration to be used without the danger of interconnection to the wrong mating connector. Also called Keying.
A copolymer consisting of macromolecules comprising two species of monomeric units in alternating sequence. (IUPAC)
Alternating Current (AC)
Electric current that continually reverses its direction. It is expressed in cycles per second (hertz or Hz).
The voltage developed a cross a resistance or impedance through which alternating current is flowing.
An aluminum wire or group of wires not suitably insulated to carry electrical current.
Aluminum Oxide Film (ÅngströmLap ®)
When diamond film is not needed, like in many multimode applications, aluminum oxide is recommended. Some
The atmospheric conditions surrounding a given item. Normally in terms of factors which influence or modify, such as temperature, humidity, etc.
Temperature, humidity, sunlight, etc. which exist in the area surrounding the bond, normally room temperature, atmospheric pressure, daylight, etc.
The temperature of the medium surrounding an object. Generally a lower temperature than the temperature at which the cable is operating.
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
The official American standards body through which standards are published and various other standards committees are accredited.
American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM)
An organization that tests materials and attempts to set standards on various materials for industry.
American Wire Gauge (AWG)
A standard system for measuring wire gauge primarily used in the United States.
The maximum current an insulated wire or cable can safely carry without exceeding either the insulation or jacket material limitations. (Same as Current Carrying Capacity.)
Amps/Amperes/Ampacity/Rated Amperage -measurement of the flow rate of electricity. If you think in terms of water through a hose, amperage would be a measure of water volume flowing through the hose.
A measurement of electrical current or amount of electric charge per second in a circuit. Frequently shortened to Amp. Its symbol is the letter A but in formulas it is sometimes expressed as the letter I._
The magnetic intensity at any point near a current carrying conductor can be compute on the assumption that each infinitesimal length of the conductor produces at the point of an infinitesimal magnetic density. The resulting magnetic intensity at the point is the vector sum of the contributions of all the elements of the conductor.
Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE)
The ratio of the optical power at the center of the laser line width to the optical power at a given distance, as measured using an optical spectrum analyzer with a set resolution bandwidth.
In adhesives, a bonding method that uses its own chemical reaction to complete the adhesion.
An adhesive that is kept in the uncured state by oxygen, as in air, and that cures in the absence of oxygen when exposed to metal ions, especially copper or iron.
The traditional method of transmitting voice signals where the radio wave is based on electrical impulses which occur when speaking into the phone. Today most cellular companies transmit in analog signals, but digital signal output is increasing.__1)Representation of data by continuously variable quantities.__2)A continuously variable audio or video signal.
A room which simulates a free-space environment by lining all surfaces, including the floor, with absorbing material to reduce reflections of sound or electromagnetic waves. A semi-anechoic chamber has absorbing materials on walls and ceiling. The floor is then reflective to create a ground-plane effect.
Angle of Advance
The angle between a line perpendicular to the axis of the cable and the axis of any one member or strand of the braid.
Angle of Refraction
Angle formed between a refracted ray and the normal to the surface. This angle lies in a common plane with the angle of incidence.
Angled physical contact (APC)
A ferrule endface at 8° that minimizes Fresnel reflections when in contact with another APC termination. APC polishes normally have a component reflectance value of 60-70 dB. They are most often used in analog, DWDM, and FTTx installations.
The fiber optic cores of a mated pair of connectors are held at an angle, either by mispolish, worn alignment sleeve, or contamination.
Any of a large number of synthetic dyes derived from aniline, usually obtained from coal tar.
An ionic polymerization in which the kinetic-chain carriers are anions. (IUPAC)
Relief of mechanical stress through heat and gradual cooling. Annealing copper renders it less brittle.
To subject to high heat with subsequent cooling. When annealing copper, the act of softening the metal by means of heat to render it less brittle.
Wire which after drawdown has been heated and slowly cooled to remove the effects of cold working.
The process of heating to and holding at a suitable temperature and then cooling at a suitable rate, for such purposes as reducing hardness, improving machinability, facilitating cold working, producing a desired micro-structure or obtaining desired physical, mechanical or other properties.
A signaling device, usually electrically operated, that gives an audible or visual signal (or both) when energized.
The electrode in a device that electrons flow out of to return to the circuit. In a battery or other source of direct current the anode is the negative terminal, but in a passive load it is the positive terminal._
An electrolytic process for producing a protective or decorative film on certain metals chiefly aluminum and magnesium.
A cylindrical connector design which provides keying or locking provisions to maintain positive orientation for accessory hardware.
The part of the crimping die normally stationary, which positions and supports the contact during crimping. Sometimes called "Nest".
As measured by an interferometer, when the radius of curvature of a connector’s endface polish is distorted enough to cause the fiber optic to appear off center.
Appliance Wire & Cable
A classification covering insulated wire and cable for internal wiring of appliances and equipment.
A system, with its associated transmission method which is supported by telecommunications cabling.
The uppermost layer (layer 7) of the open systems interconnection (OSI) model. This layer is concerned with support to the user application and is responsible for managing the communication between applications, e.g. Email, File transfer, etc.
Application-specific optical fiber (ASOF)
Fibers built for specific applications such as those doped with erbium for use in fiber amplifiers or the high numerical aperture fibers used for manufacturing filters and gratings.
A class of heat-resistant and strong synthetic fibers. They are used in aerospace and military applications for ballistic rated body armor fabric and ballistic composites, in bicycle tires, and as an asbestos substitute. The name is derived from merging of “aromatic polyamide”. They are fibers in which the chain molecules are highly oriented along the fiber axis, so the strength of the chemical bond can be exploited.
Strength elements that provide tensile strength, support, and additional protection of fiber bundles. It is commonly referred to as Kevlar (a DuPont trademark).
In networks, it is how the components are connected to and operate with one another. The term “network architecture” focuses on how fiber optic system elements communicate including functional organization (services) and configuration (topology and communications). Network architectures are usually designed as to their protocols. B-PON, G-PON, EPON, GEPON, SONET, ATM, Ethernet, etc., are examples of network architectures.
Area of Conductor
The sized of a conductor cross section measured in circular mils, square inches, etc.
Protective covering, usually metal, used underneath plastic jackets to provide additional environmental protection in harsh environments.
Cable with metallic sheathing or rods placed under or between cable jackets to prevent rodents from damaging the internal cable elements.
Typically, connectors with multiple fibers in a small form factor housing, i.e., MPO, MTP, MT-RJ.
Arrayed waveguide grating (AWG)
A device that allows multiple wavelengths to be combined and separated in a DWDM system.
Drawings that provide accurate depictions of cable running lines, pedestal locations, electronic sites, manholes, marker posts, etc., to aid with the management of cable assets and allow the facilities to be located, protected, maintained, and modified.
Technical resource area to receive answers on fiber optics, connectors, cable assembly, adhesives, lapping film, polymers and specialty products. Can be found at https://focenter.com/askfoc/
A group of materials or parts, including the adhesive, which has been placed together for bonding or which has been bonded together.
An adhesive that can be used for bonding parts together, such as in the manufacture of a boat, airplane, furniture, and the like. Discussion—The term assembly adhesive is commonly used in the wood industry to distinguish such adhesives (formerly called joint glues) from those used in making plywood (sometimes called veneer glues). It is applied to adhesives used in fabricating finished structures or goods, or subassemblies thereof, as differentiated from adhesives used in the production of sheet materials for sale as such, for example, plywood or laminates.
Also called Open Time. The time period from the application to adhesive until the final application of pressure. This term includes both Closed and Open Assembly Times.
Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL)
A high-speed transmission technology that uses existing copper wires and involved electronic equipment to send digital signals from the telephone company central office to the subscriber’s premises. It sends more information one way than the other, hence it is “asymmetric.”
Two or more signals sourced from independent clocks, therefore having different frequency and phase relations.
Asynchronous Data Transfer
A method of data transfer in which each alphabetic or numeric character (represented by 7 or 8 bits) is preceded by 'start' and 'stop' bits to delineate the 7/8 bit pattern from the ideal pattern which otherwise occupies the (digital) transmission medium.
A data transmission technique controlled by start and stop bits at each end of a character and characterized by an undetermined time interval between characters.
A regular macromolecule in which the configurational (base) units are not all identical. (IUPAC)
The loss of optical power, whether caused intrinsically (absorption, scattering, microbends, etc.), or extrinsically by components (connectors, splices, splitters, etc). Expressed as dB or dB/km (with fiber).
The reduction in optical power as it passes along a fiber, usually expressed in decibels (dB).
The change in attenuation of a coaxial cable after being subjected to specified temperature cycles and mechanical deformations.
Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio (ACR)
The difference between attenuation and crosstalk, measured in dB, at a given frequency. Important characteristic in networking transmission to assure that signal sent down a twisted pair is stronger at the receiving end, after being attenuated, than are a
Stainless steels that have high ductility, low yield stress and relatively high ultimate tensile strength, when compared to typical carbon steel. Added alloys (such as Nickel and Chrome) help increase corrosion resistance, among other properties
Automatic protection switching (APS)
Utilizing optical monitoring equipment, a network can be automatically switched over to a secondary network when the original network experiences a higher than normal loss or becomes inoperable.
Automatic test equipment (ATE)
Test equipment that is computer programmed to perform measurements on a device without changing the test setup.
Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI)
AVI is the automatic identification of vehicles through the use of readers installed in toll booths or gates and RF transponders attached to or stored inside vehicles.
Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL)
A feature AVI that allows users to immediately locate commercial vehicles and fleets to reduce off-time and vehicle misuse. See Radiomobile division for more information on AVL.
A series of tests performed by a LAN Cable Tester activated by the AUTOTEST key. The content of a test series and the test limits are predefined by the selection of a Standard (e.g. Category 6), or a cable manufacturer’s test suite, or may be constructed by the test unit’s user.
Avalanche photodiode (APD)
A photodiode that takes advantage of avalanche multiplication of photocurrent to convert one photon to multiple electrons.
The American Wire Gauge round-conductor number that is used to designate a flat conductor with an equal cross-sectional area.
The incremental difference between an initial position and a final position resulting from a force applied along the axis of a component.
The wireline cellular carrier, usually the local telephone company, which operates on the frequencies of 869 to 894 MHz.
A 30-MHz personal-communications services carrier serving a major trading area in the 1870-to-1885 MHz frequency range paired with the 1954-to-1965-MHz range.
An intermediate stage in the reaction of certain thermosetting resins in which the material softens when heated and swells when in contact with certain liquids, but may not entirely fuse or dissolve. The resin in an uncured thermosetting adhesive is usually in this stage.
Back Mounted (rear mounting)
When a connector is mounted from the inside of a panel or box with its mounting flange inside the equipment.
Light reflected from the cleaved or polished end of a fiber caused by the difference of the refractive indices of air andglass. Back Reflectance is typically 4% of the incident light. It is expressed in dB relative to incident power.
Back Reflection (Fiber Optic)
A measure of the percentage of power reflected back by a discontinuity in a fiber optic line. It is expressed in dB.
Back reflection, optical return loss
Light reflected from the cleaved or polished end of a fiber caused by the difference of refractive indices of air and glass. Typically 4% of the incident light. Expressed in dB relative to incident power.
Back-Mounted (Rear Mounting)
A connector mounted from the inside of a panel or box with its mounting flange inside the equipment.
Used to support a boom or mast: or that section of a main cable, as on a suspension bridge, cable-way, etc., leading from the tower to the anchorage
The cabling used to connect entrance facilities, crossconnects, telecommunications closets, and equipment rooms. The backbone may consist of either interbuilding and/or intrabuilding cabling.
A local area network that connects computers’ input/output systems to shared storage devices. They may also be used for high data rate inter-computer data transfer.
An interconnection panel into which PC cards or other panels can be plugged. These panels come in a variety of designs ranging from a PC motherboard to individual connectors mounted in a metal frame. Panels lend themselves to automated wiring.
The loosely-used term covers optical return loss (ORL) for spans, reflectance for components, and Fresnel reflectance.
The ratio of the optical pulse power (not energy) at the OTDR output to the backscatter power at the near end of the fiber (z=0). This ratio is inversely proportional to the pulse width, because the optical pulse power is independent. It is expressed in dB.
The scattering of light in a fiber back toward the source, used to make OTDR measurements. Bandwidth: The range of signal frequencies or bit rate within which a fiber optic component, link or network will operate.
Any device added to the rear (wiring side) of a connector to enhance the connector's operational characteristics.
A mold used to form a covering over the backshell of a connector after it is connected to a cable.
A method of molding or bonding involving the application of fluid pressure, usually by means of air, steam, water, or vacuum, to a flexible cover which, sometimes in conjunction with the rigid die, completely encloses the material to be bonded.
Balance is the ratio of the differential signal output at either end of any pair to a common mode
A circuit so arranged that the impressed voltages on each conductor of the pair are equal in magnitude but opposite in polarity with respect to ground.
A cable having two identical conductors which carry voltages opposite in polarity and equal in magnitude with respect to ground.
Balanced Twisted Pair Cable
A cable consisting of one or more metallic symmetrical cable elements (twisted pairs or quads).
A device for matching impedance between a balanced to unbalanced line, usually twisted-pair and coaxial cable.
A range of optical spectrum allocated based on optical amplifiers. Six bands are specified by the ITU: O (original), E (enhanced), S (short), C (conventional), L (long), and U (ultra). These cover the optical spectrum from 1260 nm to 1675 nm.
A continuous circumferential band applied to a conductor at regular intervals for identification.
A circumferential color band applied to an insulated conductor at regular intervals for identification.
A characterization of the information caring capacity of a multimode optical fiber. It is expressed in terms of frequency and is often normalized to a unit length (e.g., MHz-km). The frequency range over which the connector or device can operate without degradation of performance. Also the information carrying capacity of digital systems.
An insulated wire used for the interconnection of selector switches in automatic telephone exchanges.
A conductor having no covering. A conductor with no coating or cladding on the copper.
The section of the terminal, splice or contact that accommodates the stripped conductor. (MIL-STD)
The section of the terminal, splice or contact that accommodates the conductor insulation. (MIL-STD)
A partition of electrically non conductive material which increases the electrical path between adjacent electrical circuits or an electrical circuit from ground.
The seal preventing the passage of moisture or gases through the insulator and the gap between insulator and center conductor or outer conductor of a connector or adapter.
The metal from which the connector, contact, or other piece part accessory is made and on which one or more metals or coatings may be deposited.
The metal from which the connector, contact or other metal accessory is made and on which one or more metals or coatings may be deposited.
Metal from which the connector components are made and on which one or more metals or coatings may be deposited. Also called Basic Metal.
The fixed transmitter/receiver device that a mobile radio transceiver establishes a communication link with in order to gain access to the public-switched telephone network.
A network in which the entire bandwidth of the transmission medium is used as a single digital signal. Unlike broadband, no modulation techniques are used.
Transmission of a digital or analog signal at its original frequencies, i.e., a signal in its original form, not changed by modulation.
A testing configuration that appeared in older editions of the ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-A Standard. It has been replaced by Permanent Link test configuration in the 568-B Standard that replaced 568-A. See PERMANENT LINK.
Basic Rate Interface (BRI)
The simplest form of network access available on the ISDN (integrated services digital network). The BRI comprises 2B + D channels for carriage of signaling and user information.
Basic Trading Area (BTA)
A service area designed by Rand McNally and adopted by the Federal Communications Commission to promote the rapid deployment and ubiquitous coverage of personal communications services. BTA’s generally cover a city and its surrounding area. They are a component of a major trading area. There are 493 BTA’s in the US.
Metal from which the connector components are made and on which one or more metals or coatings may be deposited.
A single conductor cable, insulated or uninsulated, used for carrying current from batteries to the point power is needed.
The most basic unit of data transmission speed, one baud represents one signal state change per second. It is often confused with bits per second (bps) because they were at one time very similar. By using current data compression and modulation techniques, many times the baud rate in bits per second can be achieved.
A locking prong and slot interconnect device. The mechanical latching mechanism for the ST-type connector.
A quick coupling device for plug and receptacle connectors, accomplished by rotation of a cam operating device designed to bring the connector halves together.
Bayonet fiber-optic connector (BFOC)
The formal name for the ST connector, a specific slotted twistlock connector with 2.5-mm ferrule.
A model simulating the hydrodynamic properties of a chain macromolecule consisting of a sequence of beads, each of which offers hydrodynamic resistance to the flow of the surrounding medium and is connected to the next bead by a rigid rod which does not. The mutual orientation of the rods is random. (IUPAC)
A model simulating the hydrodynamic properties of a chain macromolecule consisting of a sequence of beads, each of which offers hydrodynamic resistance to the flow of the surrounding medium and is connected to the next bead by a spring which does not contribute to the frictional interaction but which is responsible for the elastic and deformational properties of the chain. The mutual orientation of the springs is random. (IUPAC)
A passive device that uses optical lenses with reflective coatings to control the split ratio and divide an optical beam into two or more beams.
Belled Mouth (Bellmouth)
The flared or wide entrance of a terminal splice or contact barrel to permit easier insertion of the conductor.
The raised portion at the front and/or back of the wire barrel crimp that provides a gradual entrance and exit for the wire strands without causing damage.
Multiple conductor cable having a layer of insulation over the assembled insulated conductors.
Bend insensitive fiber (BIF)
Single-mode fibers that have been modified to demonstrate reduced bend radius characteristics without attenuation changes. Specified in the ITU-T G.657 standard.
Increased attenuation due to macrobends (curvature of fiber) or microbends (small distortions in the fiber) coupling light energy from the fiber core to the cladding.
Radius of curvature that a fiber optic or metallic cable can bend without any adverse effects.
Loss in fiber caused by stress on the fiber bent around a restrictive radius. Bit-error rate (BER): The fraction of data bits transmitted that are received in error.
A relatively expensive contact material with properties superior to brass or phosphor bronze. It is used for contact applications requiring repeated extraction and reinsertion because of its resistance to fatigue at high operating temperatures.
A phenolic-bodied, threaded, spring-loaded, non-keyed connector with a cone-shaped alignment area.
A broadband dipole antenna used to measure and produce electric fields from approximately 30 MHz to 300 MHz.
A device that sends information in one direction and receives information from the opposite direction.
A winding made non-inductive by winding together (as one wire) two wires carrying current in opposite directions.
A flat spring contact with lengthwise slotting which is used in a printed circuit edge connector. (MIL-STD)
Billion Conductor Feet (BCF)
A quantity derived by multiplying the number of conductors in a cable by the amount of cable. Usually used to indicate plant capacity or an annual requirement.
A combination of biconical and log periodic antenna with an automatic crossover network with a frequency range from 26MHz to 2 GHz.
A wire formed of two different metals joined together (not alloyed). It can include wire with a steel core clad wire, or plated or coated wire.
In adhesive compounds , a component of an adhesive composition that is primarily responsible for its mechanical strength and adhesion.
The refraction of light in two slightly different directions to form two rays; the phenomenon can be used to locate stress in a transparent material.
Binary Digit. The smallest unit of data (and most basic) for data communications. It can have a value of a one (mark) or a zero (space).
Bit Error Rate (BER)
A measure of quality of a digital transmission line, either quoted as a percentage, or more usually as a ratio, typically 1 error in 10E8 or 10E9 bits carried. The lower the number or errors, the better quality the line.
Bit error rate tester (BERT)
Test equipment that measures the bit error rate (BER) of digital transmission systems. | <urn:uuid:6bf2c723-55c9-41d8-be95-d26fd17b0c46> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://focenter.com/foc-glossary/?name_directory_startswith=A | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.907935 | 8,630 | 2.046875 | 2 |
There are less than 20 bobsleigh tracks in the entire world approved by the sport's international governing organization.
The 2002 Olympic track in Park City, Utah, is the southernmost track in the world and is designed for bobsleigh, luge and skeleton (a fast winter sliding sport) events. Engineers faced several challenges during construction of the $25 million venue. To build the smoothly curved walls engineers used shortcrete, a form of concrete that is sprayed onto a reinforced steel structure containing refrigeration tube. To create the ice surface, the concrete is cooled to -12 degrees F (-11C) and water is sprayed on until a 2-inch layer of ice is formed. The $25 million cost includes 297,000 watts of track lighting, 62 hydrants, 24 cameras and eight scoreboards. Many diverse engineers were working together to build the skeleton track such as Civil engineers, Electrical engineers, and Materials engineers.
The International Bobsleigh & Skeleton Federation provides information on bobsleigh tracks, sleighs and athletes.
Wikipedia includes a current list of all bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton tracks. | <urn:uuid:79b6f346-432a-4ab5-8ad4-c67dbce970c3> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.engineergirl.org/?ID=7518 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720153.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00324-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947042 | 230 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Structural Biochemistry/Genome Analysis/The Impact of Genome Analysis on Medicine
The Ethics and Politics of Genome Sequencing and Science
"As in the most important scientific advances, the HGP carries with it benefits and problems. The benefits are immeasurable, and so are the problems. As DNA techniques provide important information on human genes, many diagnostic tools and therapeutic benefits, we do not know if the same information can also be used to discriminate against such individuals, employees and insurance companies. There is a very real prospect of insurance companies insisting on large-scale genetic screening tests for the presence of genes that conferred susceptibility to common disorders such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer and various mental disorders."1
As we have seen in the past, controversy regarding stem cells, their origin, and their use has had political and scientific consequences. In 2001, President Bush banned the use of federal funds for later stem cell lines. Although this ban was later lifted, the political and human impact of science cannot be ignored; Science shows great promise with respect to human knowledge, technology, and power, but the gains we make through science carry with them great responsibilities. The freeze of federal funding on new stem cell lines significantly hindered scientific progress in a field that appears to show promise with respect to curing disease and improving the welfare of mankind, but it also serves as a reminder to the fact that science, for better or for worse, is intricately related to politics, and that our future scientific progress partly depends not on just scientists and their research, but on legislators and bureaucrats. Although DNA sequencing and genetic research is still a relatively new field, the implications of such knowledge carry social, political, and personal consequences in the field of medicine yet to be discovered.
In addition to the political relationship with science, technology, and medicine legally and financially, there are ethical considerations to be considered with new technologies. In the future, it may be possible to reliably clone human beings, artificially modify DNA to provide physical and mental benefits, and screen for "imperfections." The range of possible consequences of DNA analysis and manipulation technology is nearly infinite, and although it may be hard to forget the impact of scientific technologies and the power scientists already have today to manipulate DNA, it may be too easy to forget the responsibilities we have, both individually and socially, ethically and morally, with respect to the power we have and how we wield it. Whether there will be new laws passed regulating DNA with regard to how it is stored and used or whether there will be a new regulatory agency to protect against the misuse of DNA (through theft, sequencing, cloning, artificial manipulation, etc.) remains to be seen, partly because the technology is not widespread, and current capabilities are relatively limited by the lack knowledge we have about genes and multiple gene interactions and difficulties we have with respect to mammalian cloning.
In the future, however, this may change, and DNA manipulation on a mammalian scale may become very easy, especially with a greater understanding of how genes interact and what they do. What this will mean politically, economically, and ethically, is still anyone's guess. But as science drives new technologies, particularly with respect to DNA and gene manipulation, these questions will come into the public spotlight, as stem cell research has, and the consequences of such technologies will become more apparent and more profound.
Genome Sequencing and Medicine
Sickle Cell Anemia
The name Sickle Cell Anemia comes from the shape that the red blood cells take when affected with the sickle-cell trait. The sickle shape, which is caused by red blood cells being deprived of oxygen, causes the small capillaries to clog up, and impair blood flow throughout the body. This can result in painful swelling of the extremities when the capillaries clog up, and cause a higher risk of bacterial infection or stroke because of the poor blood flow. Also, sickle cells do not circulate throughout the body as long as regularly shaped blood cells do, thus leading to anemia because of a decrease in amount of blood circulating. This mutation, though unfavorable in other ways, is slightly beneficial in that this trait makes the infected persons resistant to malaria.
Sickle Cell Anemia is caused by a variation of one specific amino acid sequence in just one hemoglobin chain. This idea was proposed by Pauling, and proved to be correct later on. Around 7% of the world has some sort of disease of the hemoglobin that is caused by a variation in the amino acid sequence. Then, in 1956, Vernan Ingram proved Pauling correct by showing that the specific reason for the sickle cell trait was indeed the substitution of a single amino acid in hemoglobin, more specifically, of a valine substituting a glutamate in position 6 in the beta chain of hemoglobin. With the advancements in genome sequencing, the exact cause of these diseases can be discovered, thus becoming one step closer to discovering a cure. In this way, genome sequencing can be related to medicine, because it helps to find the direct cause of the disease, thus allowing researchers to look at more specific ways to correct the problems, instead of just the symptoms.
Thalassemia is another disorder caused by a change in the normal genome. In this case, it is caused by a loss of a single hemoglobin chain instead of a substitution like in Sickle Cell Anemia. This disorder causes anemia, pale skin, and fatigue. The loss of the single hemoglobin chain can be found by genome sequencing. Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive blood disorder. Unlike sickle cell anemia, where the globin does not function properly, thalassemia is a condition where normal globulins are not produced in high enough quantities. There are three kinds of thalassemia: alpha, beta, and delta. Each is characterized by the inability to produce the appropriate globin chain. Like sickle cell anemia, however, thalassemia provides carriers some measure of resistance against malaria.
1. Falcón de Vargas, Aída. "The Human Genome Project and its importance in clinical medicine." doi:10.1016/S0531-5131(01)00570-2 <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B7581-47W61Y4-BG&_user=4429&_coverDate=07%2F31%2F2002&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=12913&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1094477520&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000059602&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=4429&md5=a44d78db6508ff39d2670fc0ce486bb1#toc9>.
2. Stryer, Lubert, Berg, Jeremy M., Tymoczko, John L. "Biochemistry" Sixth Edition. W.H. Freeman and Company. 2007. | <urn:uuid:1c8e9864-8618-48f6-91bb-a84a10cd6b2f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Structural_Biochemistry/Genome_Analysis/The_Impact_of_Genome_Analysis_on_Medicine | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280899.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00575-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.924822 | 1,468 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Pisces is the empath of the zodiac. Spanning from February 19th to March 20th in the tropical zodiac, and March 15th to April 13th in the sidereal, this mutable Water sign is known for being a giver and a dreamer.
People born under it are creative, caring, and empathetic — sometimes to a fault. Represented by the symbol of two fishes, this is a sign that’s absolutely steeped in the emotional nature of water, and it shows.
They can tend to be over-emotional, easily impressionable, and inclined to escapism. They’re also known to suffer from problems with the feet, lower legs, and sinuses. Since they are so sensitive, those born under this Neptune-ruled sign can benefit immensely from the subtle energy of crystals.
Here are some of the best crystals and stones for the Pisces zodiac:
Amethyst is the perfect Pisces crystal. It’s a protective stone, so it can help filter some of the bad vibes that can knock this sensitive sign off of their game.
This purple variety of quartz is also associated with meditation, intuition, divination, and relaxation, so it’s a wonderful tool for Pisces feeling disconnected from their sign’s energy.
It’s also said to help relieve pain, so it’s good for Pisces suffering from joint issues or sinus headaches.
Wear it in jewelry, use it as a palm stone during meditation, keep it in a pocket or pouch, or place larger specimens throughout the home to benefit from its calming, subconscious-enhancing energy.
See also: Check out Amethyst crystals here.
See article: Metaphysical Properties of Amethyst.
Pisces sometimes suffers from inner conflicts — hence their representation as two fish swimming in opposite directions. Ametrine can help this intuitive, dreaming sign move more easily through the physical world.
This stone is made up of two different types of quartz, amethyst and citrine. While amethyst is great for Pisces for all of the reasons listed above, citrine is a positive, optimistic stone strongly associated with manifestation and success on the physical plane.
This makes ametrine a perfect way to balance Pisces’ outlook on the world. Wear these interesting bi-colored crystals in jewelry, or meditate with them.
See also: Check out Ametrine crystals here.
See article: Metaphysical Properties of Ametrine.
This stone resonates with water power, especially the energy of the sea. It has a tranquil, calming vibration, and its blue color connects it to the throat chakra.
This energy center governs communication. Keeping it clear and open can help empathetic, emotional Pisces speak their mind and offer healing words with tact and sensitivity.
Aquamarine works best when it’s worn near the throat area. Keep it in a neck pouch or wear it as a short pendant.
See also: Check out Aquamarine crystals here.
See article: Metaphysical Properties of Aquamarine.
4. Blue lace agate
Like its name implies, this stone is a blue, white, and gray variety of agate with a striped, lacy pattern. Crystal healers frequently use it to reduce anxiety and provide relaxation.
It’s a great crystal for Pisces who often feel emotionally overwhelmed or stressed. Like aquamarine, its blue color ties it to the throat chakra. That means that it can similarly help this sign strengthen their communication skills.
Carry blue lace agate to use it as a touchstone when you need a little calming energy, or wear it near the throat to open the throat chakra.
See also: Check out Blue Lace Agate stones here.
See article: Metaphysical Properties of Agate.
This sign can often feel like they’re buffeted by the current around them, and being pulled in two different directions. That’s where fluorite can help.
It’s a stone of focus, so it’s great for cutting through mental chatter and distractions and allowing this sign to get things done. It’s also easy to find in Pisces-aligned colors, like shades of blue and violet.
Fluorite makes beautiful jewelry, but it’s a soft stone that usually isn’t suitable for daily wear. For regular use, keep a specimen in a pocket or pouch.
See also: Check out Fluorite crystals here.
See article: Metaphysical Properties of Fluorite.
Labradorite is a kind of gray feldspar that gains a mysterious rainbow flash of color when the light hits it. It’s considered a stone of magic, and is said to enhance the user’s innate abilities in this area.
Labradorite is also useful for connecting to the higher self, and encouraging the user to trust their intuition. Pisces usually has no problem in this area, but their life experiences can sometimes make them closed off and disconnected from their talents.
Wearing or meditating with labradorite is a beautiful way to put them in touch with their abilities again.
See also: Check out Labradorite crystals here.
See article: Metaphysical Properties of Labradorite.
Lepidolite is a lilac- to gray-colored type of mica that’s particularly high in lithium. Pharmaceutically, lithium is used to stabilized moods. As a result, crystal healers use lepidolite to relieve stress, reduce anxiety, and provide a sense of tranquility and emotional stability.
It can be a very helpful stone for Pisces, since this sign’s empathetic and impressionable nature means that they may be easily influenced by other people’s moods.
Mica is a very soft mineral, so it’s best to carry lepidolite as a touchstone in order to experience its relaxing energy throughout the day.
See also: Check out Lepidolite stones here.
See article: Metaphysical Properties of Lepidolite.
Some sources consider Pisces ruled by Jupiter alongside Neptune. Platinum is a Jupiter-ruled precious metal that makes beautiful jewelry, as well as enhancing meditation, insight, and divinatory abilities.
These are all things associated with the emotional, intuitive Pisces, so this metal resonates beautifully with them. Wear platinum jewelry adorned with Pisces crystals.
Sodalite is a blue and white stone that’s often used for mental focus. It also helps align the logical and intuitive minds, so it’s good for the Pisces that needs to pull their head out of the clouds.
This stone also stimulates creativity. Meditate with it near the brow area, or wear it around the head or throat.
See also: Check out Sodalite stones here.
See article: Metaphysical Properties of Sodalite.
Pisces is ruled by Watery Neptune, and tin is their birth metal. Associated with wealth, luck, and divination, it’s an excellent metal for magnifying this sign’s already deeply intuitive nature.
Use tin to fashion charms and amulets, and either wear them or carry them in a pocket. If you can find some, it’s also beneficial to carry a nugget of tin, or wear tin-based jewelry — especially if it’s set with Pisces-aligned crystals.
People born under the sign of the fish are deeply in touch with their subconscious, intuitive mind. While they can tend to be emotional and easily influenced by others around them, their empathy and creativity have virtually no limits.
These crystals and stones can help enhance Pisces energy, while allowing them to guard themselves from negativity.
As an Amazon Associate, Terravara earns from qualifying purchases at no additional cost to readers. | <urn:uuid:f345455e-3197-4f83-bf68-bdaa12e68814> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.terravara.com/crystals-stones-for-pisces/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.926335 | 1,709 | 1.742188 | 2 |
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