text stringlengths 181 608k | id stringlengths 47 47 | dump stringclasses 3 values | url stringlengths 13 2.97k | file_path stringlengths 125 140 | language stringclasses 1 value | language_score float64 0.65 1 | token_count int64 50 138k | score float64 1.5 5 | int_score int64 2 5 |
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Development of Railway:-
The romance of train travel in India is legendary, but the task of constructing the railways in the first place was daunting. There were huge problems in dealing with such a vast and inhospitable country. The idea of introducing railways to India had been mooted as early as the 1830s. In May 1845, when the East India Company’s Court of Directors finally and formally approved the project of establishing the railways in India, they also impressed upon the current Governor-General, Lord Hardinge, the enormity of the task, enumerating the following six reasons
- Periodical rains and inundations.
- Continued action of violent winds and influence of a vertical sun.
- Ravages of insects and vermin.
- Destructive growth of spontaneous vegetation of under wood upon earth and brick-work.
- The unenclosed and unprotected tracts of country through which railroads would pass.
- The difficulty and expense of securing the services of competent and trustworthy engineers.
The core of the pressure for building railways in India came from London in the 1840s. For a century thereafter, the basic policies and ultimate management of the Indian Railways were issued from London. The British built the railways in India as a step to intermesh the economies of the two countries. While the railways were established by The East India Company primarily to transport troops for their numerous wars, and secondly to transport cotton for export to mills in UK, it is to be noted that several Indian businessmen and merchants took a keen interest in its establishment. This was because the ultimate goal of the railways was to serve as a method of interconnectivity that would operate throughout the nation.
Nevertheless, in April 1853 the persuasive “Railway Minute” of the next Governor General, the “committed technological modernizer” Lord Dalhousie, set large-scale plans in motion. Many of the early worries proved well-founded. The challenges were formidable, and the manpower required to tackle them was enormous too. Ian Kerr, the preeminent historian of the Indian railways of this period, tells us that 10,000 men were employed to drive tunnels and construct viaducts to take a track through the rocky hills and valleys of the Bhore Ghat Incline near Bombay in 1856. He adds that the number had nearly doubled in early 1857. Indeed, the Times reported on its completion in 1863 that as many as 45,000 men had been regularly employed on it. Many died during such hard construction work, as diseases swept through the tent-cities of the huddled masses. For example, as late as June 1885, 2,000 people died of cholera while constructing the upper part of the Sind-Peshin line. A large number of the skilled Europeans who came out also lost their lives, or were permanently debilitated by their stint in India. Still, looking at figures compiled in 1869, it is clear that after hesitations and delays, and sometimes against almost insuperable odds, the railway network was growing exponentially: Broadly speaking the average number of miles opened up to I860 was 120 per annum, after which the annual average was about 400.
A British engineer, Robert Maitland Brereton, was responsible for the expansion of the railways in the period after the 1850s. He linked the Calcutta-Allahabad-Delhi line (completed by 1864) with the Allahabad-Jabalpur branch line (opened in June 1867 and the Great Indian Peninsula Railway, resulting in a combined network of 6,400 km. Hence it became possible to travel directly from Bombay to Calcutta via Allahabad. This route was officially opened on 7 March 1870 and it was part of the inspiration for French writer Jules Verne’s book Around the World in Eighty Days. At the opening ceremony, the Viceroy Lord Mayo reaffirmed that “it was thought desirable that, if possible, at the earliest possible moment, the whole country should be covered with a network of lines in a uniform system”.
From 1875 to 1920, the Railways expanded to 61,220 km primarily through the investments by British companies in Indian guaranteed railways. It later transpired that there was heavy corruption in these investments, on the part of both, members of the British Colonial Government in India, and companies who supplied machinery and steel in Britain. This resulted in railway lines and equipment costing nearly double what they should have costed. It was in this period that the Indian Railways also started manufacturing their own locomotives.
Physically uniting the different areas of the sub-continent, the railways served two important purposes for the colonial masters, facilitating the deployment of officials and military resources, and, of course, the transport of goods, including raw materials and produce destined for export. Between them, these two advantages would enable Britain both to control their “huge dependency” and “intermesh the economies of the two countries”. In this way, the railways constituted a key part of the colonial project, and the exploitation that this project involved. But there were direct benefits to the populace as well. The East India Company’s Court of Directors was soon found to have been entirely wrong about passenger traffic. “The Indian proved an ‘inveterate traveler,'” writes Nalinaksha Sanyal. In the first five years passenger journeys increased fivefold from about 535,000 to more than 2,700,000, and this rate of progress was kept up for another five years. Between 1864 and 1869 these rose from 11 3/4 millions to 16 millions. Here, the ultimate results were unforeseen. One was the growth of a sense of national identity among people of hitherto disparate regions. Another was the very gradual raising of consciousness about social, or rather caste, divides. The rigors of third and even, from 1874, fourth class travel eventually and famously elicited protest from Mahatma Gandhi. Ironically for Britain, these unexpected consequences would help to spell the end of the Raj.
In 1904, the idea to electrify the railway network was proposed by W.H White, however, the First World War placed heavy strain on the railway infrastructure in India. Railway production in the country was diverted to meet the needs of British forces outside India. By the end of the war, Indian Railways were in a state of dilapidation and disrepair.
The period between 1920 and 1929 was a period of economic boom. Following the Great Depression, however, the company suffered economically for the next eight years But World War II further stunted Railway growth and led to the eventual separation of the railway budget from the government budget. Trains were diverted to the Middle East and later, the Far East to combat the Japanese. Railway workshops were converted to ammunitions workshops and some tracks were even dismantled for use in war in other countries. Both World War I and II put heavy strain on the Indian Railways and eventually led to a separation of the railway budget from the government budget.
By 1920, Plans were finally drawn up for “electrification” of Bombay-Poona/Igatpuri/Vasai and Madras Tambaram routes. All the inputs for the electrification, except power supply, were imported from various companies in England.
And similar to the running of the first ever railway train from Bombay to Thane, the first-ever electric train in India also ran from Bombay, but to Kurla, a mere 16 km, on February 3, 1925 along the city’s harbor route. Various sections on the railway network were progressively electrified and commissioned between 1925 to 1930.
As revealed by Sweeney Stuart in his book on the railways, the ruling colonial British government was too focused on transporting goods for export to Britain, and hence did not use them to transport food instead to prevent economic problems or calamities like famines. Indian economic development was never considered while deciding the rail network or places to be connected. Poor resource allocation resulted in losses of hundreds of millions of pounds for Indians, including those in opportunity costs. Most shareholders of the railway companies set up were British. The head offices of most of these companies were in London, thus allowing Indian money to flow out of the country legally. Thus, the railway debt made up nearly 50% of the Indian national debt from 1903 to 1945.
From the very beginning, the enormous railway system was a burden as well as a success story. Many recognized the cost to central and local governments through guarantees (that is, guaranteed interest rates on capital invested) and subsidies to the developers. In 1921 another commentator could say: “Of all the departments of the Government of India, railways stand first and foremost, both in revenue and expenditure”. The weight of this “expenditure” was equaled by the weight of responsibility — of trying to ensure that the railways were well administered, in respect of rail network coverage, tolerable comfort for every class of passenger, and safety. Jawaharlal Nehru himself would describe India’s “greatest national undertaking” as “not only an asset of importance but … also a great responsibility”.
Postcolonial critics raise more specific questions about the long-term costs of establishing the railway system. Even in 1885, a western critic noted that “Imperial railways have in India absorbed, through the medium of guarantees, local funds which might have been spent on local roads, or the support of local industries, or the repair of local irrigation works”. This point is being more closely examined now, and with an eye to the ecology as well: “the very possibility of dislocation by the railway of the elementary ecological ingredients for agrarian production process speaks for further study of the operations of the railways in the highly fluid terrain of Bengal in particular and other riverine atmospheres elsewhere”. Although an India without its railways is unimaginable, both sides of the balance sheet need to be taken into account, and this does mean examining the negative effects of the “great legacy”.
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- APPSC GROUP 1 Detailed Complete Prelims Notes 2022 | <urn:uuid:54cab103-8c39-4d2a-99f2-e20fce6c1a95> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://andhrapradesh.pscnotes.com/geography-booster/development-of-railway/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.97249 | 2,144 | 3.75 | 4 |
The Seuss is not loose at the Cincinnati Art Museum, which has a stash of the good doctor’s political cartoons filed away and unavailable for public viewing in its archives.
The five cartoons were drawn for a New York newspaper’s editorial page and appeared years before Horton heard any Whos. These works date to the days when Nazis were heiling Herr Hitler. And most of the world was giving a deaf ear to the destruction of Jews that we now call the Holocaust.
Seuss was just starting the trajectory that would make him a household name. Sadly, most Cincinnatians have no opportunity for appreciation and leisurely examination of this early work. They can’t see this chapter, the one that is virtually unknown.
Caitlin McGurk, an expert on political cartooning at Ohio State University, said that his work on the editorial page is great, though not widely exposed.
“I can’t tell you that he is totally unknown as a political cartoonist because there are people who know he worked for a newspaper,” McGurk says. “But there aren’t many people who are familiar with the work he did. They just haven’t seen any. Truth is, the Seuss political cartoons are fantastic.”
Ohio State has more than 300,000 original cartoons catalogued at its Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum in Columbus. None are drawn by Dr. Seuss. The only known collections seem to be in Cincinnati and at the University of California San Diego, which has about 200 of his newspaper political cartoons. Some of UC San Diego’s are available online.
Seuss was aghast by villains on the world stage. The caricatures in his newspaper cartoons include an oafish Fuehrer and a Mussolini who dwells in a snail shell under the sea. They appear in an unmistakable style that harkens Grinches to come, precursors of the fictional characters post-war Dr. Seuss imagined much more clearly. The Uncle Sam who appears in the political cartoons has a big beak — perhaps he’s an American eagle. Uncle Sam’s tall top hat surely turned up later on a famous chapeau-capped feline.
An Oct 31, 1941, cartoon in the museum possession shows a swastika-emblazoned U-boat sinking a U.S. freighter. An American sailor was adrift, clinging to a life raft.
Although the U.S. was not in the war yet (the Japanese strike on Pearl Harbor was 37 days away), Seuss’ message was that we were already under attack. In the cartoon, the Nazi sub’s radio sent a signal, “And Now, Kiddie Widdies, we take you to Madison Square Garden where Uncle Lindy-Windy will sing there Ain’t No Boogey Man Now.”
His joke implied the Nazis were behind anti-war rallies. Lindy-Windy was a reference to aviator Charles Lindbergh, who led the rallies and admired the Germans.
Seuss, whose real name was Theodore Seuss Geisel, was a thirtysomething illustrator — a Dartmouth dropout — trying to make a living in New York as the Great Depression wound down. America was on the eve of World War II. He was the son of a brewmaster in Springfield, Mass., still very much obscure. Years would unwind until, “Something went BUMP!And how that bump made us jump!” at the Cat in the Hat ’s debut in 1957.
Times were incredibly bumpy when Dr. Seuss penned the editorial cartoons for PM, a left-leaning tabloid newspaper that reviled and lampooned the isolationist crowd who opposed fighting fascism. Britain was standing alone, and the Soviets were getting mauled on the Eastern Front. PM, which ceased publication in 1948, was a political progressive’s dream newspaper. It accepted no advertising. It was pro-union. It was a strong supporter of FDR’s New Deal. It opposed rightwing extremism. It has been called the newspaper for the 99 percent. Conservatives considered it a leftist hotbed, and some say it failed to speak out against Stalinism in the Soviet Union.
Seuss spent two years at PM. He left in 1942 to join the Army and made training films in a unit led by Hollywood Director Frank Capra. One of the characters Seuss created for the Army was Private Snafu. The private’s surname name came from a military expression — Snafu was shorthand for “situation normal, all fucked up.”
Seuss, like the newspaper, was eager for the U.S. to act against Hitler and crew. His views put him at odds with Cincinnati’s most famous and powerful politician of the day, U.S. Sen. Robert Taft, aka Mr. Republican. Taft was non-interventionist — he fought efforts to join the Allies battling across the globe. Taft only supported the war after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor.
But don’t suppose that the five Seuss cartoons at the Cincinnati Art Museum are locked away because of any pressure from the Taft clan. There is no Grinch in the galleries. No, they are stored because the museum apparently has no real desire to put them on display at this time.Still, it ought to be a good time to show them.
Seuss turns 110 on March 2. His birthday is somewhat of a national milestone — it kicks off national reading day and other events that are supposed to lure young people — and adults — into enjoying books and poems and other gems they can find in tomes.
Fanfare is widespread — the Clinton presidential library in Little Rock, Ark., is sponsoring an event for Seuss. The Public Library of Cincinnati and the Cincinnati Museum Center are holding a March 1 “Seussabration” with Read Across America. All for the good doctor’s birthday.
Kristin Spangenberg, curator of print at the art museum, said the cartoons are being preserved and are safe. They probably haven’t been on public view since 1991, the year Dr. Seuss died at age 87. The museum offered a brief showing as a memorial.
Spangenberg said the museum has “limited exhibition space” and can’t put the works up fulltime.
“We are the stewards of these drawings and we are taking care of them,” she says. “I have to say I was not aware of, I didn’t know about this aspect of his work when the cartoons came in in 1973. I was quite surprised when they came in.”
Spangenberg declined to put a monetary pricetag on the five cartoons.
“From the standpoint of history, they have value,” the curator said. “We have a talented individual, Dr. Seuss, commenting on major events.That’s really part of the overall view. … overall value, of the cartoons’ visual contribution. These prints are a recognition of the talent of Seuss-Geisel. They are safe here. They are preserved.”
Lowell Leake Jr., a retired University of Cincinnati math professor, donated the Seuss prints to the museum in 1973. Leake’s dad was the assistant managing editor at PM and got the drawings on the day the paper closed its doors for good. Staffers went through the offices picking up mementos, a tradition among news people when a paper shutters.
“My dad scooped up some of the political cartoons,” Leake told me in 1991. (I interviewed him after Seuss’s death.) “Dr. Seuss was pretty unknown at the time, it’s sort of luck that my dad picked them up.”
Leake kept one cartoon for himself and hung it above a computer terminal in his UC office. The cartoon showed a bunch of bugs that were nagging President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Every bug resembled somebody with a conservative political philosophy.
“You would recognize it as his work immediately. The bugs are the same sort of creatures that are in his children’s book,” Leake said.
Mark Fiore, a Pulitizer Prize winning cartoonist in San Francisco, heads the Association of American Editorial Cartoonists, the organization comprised of artists who try to use humor and satire in their political drawings. Fiore says Seuss had a knack for skewering people on the editorial page, but “there isn’t a lot of his political work out there. Basically, everything I’ve seen him draw is amazing and I love his work. And now I’m reading his books to my 2-and-a-half year old, who is memorizing them. He’s a truly timeless cartoonist.”
Fiore believes these obscure pieces of work deserve to be more accessible for Seuss fans and the public alike.
“I wish they would do a display or retrospective in Cincinnati,” Fiore says. “I think it is important enough that it should be seen. It’s kind of sad that all these cartoons are sitting in a file somewhere.” © | <urn:uuid:5d4760aa-c8de-4497-9ac1-c915c3240d03> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.citybeat.com/cincinnati/Print?oid=12179593 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.973718 | 1,944 | 3.03125 | 3 |
How to create a help link
The function print_help_link will print a customized help link. The link will print the following:
The following arguments are used:
The following example will open a popup window with the help text in $pgv_lang["gedcom_title_help"]. If no icon is used by the the theme, the text in variable $pgv_lang["qm"] is displayed. When the user hovers the mouse over the link the text in variable $pgv_lang[gedcom_title] is displayed in the statusbar using the function print_text() because true is specified.
Copyright © 2009 PhpGedView Team Members | <urn:uuid:dc477029-73f3-4de1-bf4e-196bab264cbb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.phpgedview.net/devdocs/help_link.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00060-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.67486 | 143 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Labradors are one of the most popular dog breeds in the world for a reason – they are lovable! Labs love spending time with their families, going on walks, and playing fetch. They are always happy and ready to please. This article will discuss some of the things that labs love the most!
What are Labs favorite thing to do?
Labs are one of the most popular breeds of dogs; they are incredibly loving and loyal companions. But what do they enjoy doing most? Many Lab owners say their favorite pastime is spending time with their human family.
Labs love nothing more than being included in whatever activity they are doing, whether going for a walk, playing fetch, or just snuggling on the couch. They are also very food-oriented, so treats are always a big hit!
Training is another activity that Labs enjoy, as it provides them with a chance to bond with their owner while learning new things. Ultimately, Labs want to be where their people are and share in the fun – they are man’s best friend.
What makes Labradors happy?
Anyone who has owned a Labrador knows that they are one of the happiest breeds of dog. Labs are known for their cheerful disposition and friendly nature. But what exactly makes them so happy?
One theory is that it has to do with their origins as working dogs. Labradors were originally bred to assist fishers in Newfoundland, and they soon became known for their tireless work ethic and eagerness to please. This innate desire to work hard may have translated into a general feeling of happiness in the breed.
Another possibility is that Labs are grateful for the companionship they receive from their owners.
After all, Labs are known for their loyalty and affection, and they seem to understand that a loving home is something to be treasured. Whatever the reason, there’s no denying that Labradors are some of the happiest dogs around.
Do Labs like to be hugged?
Every Lab is different, just like every person is different. Some Labs may love being hugged, while others may not be as fond of it. The best way to tell if your Lab enjoys being hugged is to watch their body language. If they seem relaxed and comfortable, they’re likely enjoying the affection.
However, if they start squirming or pulling away, it’s best to respect their wishes and give them some space. Remember, your Lab is always the best judge of what makes them happy – so if they’re not a fan of hugging, that’s perfectly okay!
What do Labs need to be happy?
Labs are among the most popular dog breeds, and it’s no wonder why. They are loyal, affectionate, and intelligent dogs that make great companions. But what do Labs need to be happy? First and foremost, they need plenty of exercises.
Labs are high-energy dogs that need to burn off steam daily. A good walk or run is a great way to keep your Lab happy and healthy.
Secondly, Labs need plenty of mental stimulation. They are intelligent dogs that thrive on learning new things. FLabs love using their minds from simple obedience training to more complex tricks; thirdly, Labs need plenty of attention from their humans.
They are social creatures that rely on their owners for companionship and love. So if you’re looking for a happy Lab, be prepared to give them plenty of exercises, mental stimulation, and attention!
Where do Labs like to be pet the most?
One of the best things about Labs is that they are always up for a good belly rub. ITheyoften seems to prefer it when you rub their belly instead of their back.
This is because Labs have a thick coat of fur that can make back rubbing uncomfortable. Belly rubs are also a great way to bond with your Lab, as they are usually very responsive to this type of affection.
In addition to belly rubs, Labs also enjoy being petted on the head and behind the ears. These are areas where they are psusceptible, and they will often close their eyes and lean into your hand when you pet them in these spots. So if you’re looking for a way to show your Lab some love, start with a belly rub or two.
Labs make great pets because they are loyal, intelligent, and loving. They need plenty of exercises, mental stimulation, and attention to be happy, and they enjoy being petted on the head and behind the ears. Belly rubs are also a favorite pastime for Labs! Other than that, Labs just need a good home with people who will love them.
Thanks for reading! I hope you enjoyed learning about what labs love the most.
Do you have a Lab at home? What are some of your favorite things about them? Let me know in the comments below! And if you found this article helpful, please share it with your friends. Thanks | <urn:uuid:4d78dc0e-49ac-4b48-8fa2-8c6ed8b97d23> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://follieslabrador.com/what-do-labs-love-the-most/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.97775 | 1,025 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Help Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH) build a new state-of-the-art NICU, the largest in Massachusetts. BWH aims to improve the long-term quality of life for thousands of premature and sick infants with a renovated space that will enhance babies’ brain development, reduce infections, and increase family involvement.
Our NICU will be among the first in the world to feature a hybrid design suited to babies’ developmental needs. The most high-need infants will be cared for in 29 private patient rooms and eight semi-private rooms to accommodate multiple births, with the flexibility to expand this number in times of greater demand. These areas will be laid out as neighborhoods with three zones to accommodate staff, patients, and families, including gathering areas for learning and socializing with other NICU families.
With a design based on the latest brain development research, the NICU will also include a growth and development unit with six small open bays to provide the most therapeutic environment for infants who are beyond the acute medical stage. Two parent transition rooms finish off the space, allowing parents to prepare to go home with their baby.
BWH is leading the way in the evolution of newborn medicine, building on a long history of excellent care for infants and families facing one of the biggest challenges of their lives. Join us and support our efforts to provide the optimal facility for our tiniest and most vulnerable patients. | <urn:uuid:1555fdf3-044b-4a7e-9880-4c02d02d79bf> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://give.brighamandwomens.org/funds/newborn-intensive-care-unit-nicu-renovations/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00276-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9382 | 290 | 1.632813 | 2 |
In this tutorial, we will teach you how to download music to windows media player. We will teach you how to play a song using an online link. We will then teach you how to download that particular song to your computer.
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Step 1 — Use the Save link as option
Follow this step by step guide to learn how to download music to windows media player.
First of all, open any web browser and go to archive.org. For the purpose of this tutorial, we will be downloading an audio file that would be played in Windows Media Player. Go to the audio section and from there, download any individual file. You can choose the quality of the file from 128 kbps to 64 kbps. If you want to to download a file, simply right click on the file size and copy the link address.
Step 2 — Open windows media player
Next, go to the start menu and search for media player. From the search results, open windows media player.
Step 3 — Open url option
Once the media player opens, go to the top left corner and click on the file tab. From the drop down menu, select the open url option.
Step 4 — Past the link address
Once you click on it, a dialog box will open where you will be asked to insert the url that you want to open.
Over there, simply paste the link address that you copied earlier. Once you are done, click on the ok button. As a result, the audio file will be played in windows media player.
Step 5 — Save as option
If you want, you can always download the audio file that you played using the url in windows media player. In order to download music to windows media player, click on the file tab and select the save as option.
Step 6 — Download music
For the purpose of this tutorial, we will save the mp3 file on the desktop. Once you have set the location for the download, click on the save button to proceed further. In this manner, you can download music with windows media player.
Step 7 — View the downloaded file
A new dialog box will appear on your screen where you will be able to monitor the download progress. Once the download has been completed, go to the location where you saved the file. In our case, we saved the file on the desktop. When we’d go to the desktop, we will find the mp3 file right there. | <urn:uuid:2d03db95-87e2-48b1-a234-a4e7da33166d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cafeaz.net/how-to-download-music-to-windows-media-player/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.880732 | 535 | 2.046875 | 2 |
“Every time I try to select Android Auto on my car’s head unit, I have to unlock it first.” “Can Android Auto be available directly, without any lock-screen, after connecting my phone to my car’s USB port?” “Can I start android auto without unlocking the phone?”
Many Android Auto users have discussed these problems on the Internet. Unfortunately, most online forums have failed to provide users with a satisfactory solution. No worries. Here’s the complete guide on how to start android auto without unlocking the phone.
Do you have a particular question about starting Android Auto without unlocking the phone? Then use the table of contents below to jump to the most relevant section. And you can always go back by clicking on the black arrow in the right bottom corner of the page. Also, please note that some of the links in this article may be affiliate links. For more details, check the Disclosure section at the bottom of the page.
Here's what we'll cover:
Understanding Android Auto
Android Auto is an app that allows drivers to control their Android phones while they’re driving. You can use this app by connecting your smartphone with your vehicle via Bluetooth or a direct USB connection.
Once your smartphone is connected to your car’s head unit via Android Auto – your phone display will go blank. This is because your phone screen will now appear on your car’s head unit. Since the touchscreens in cars are usually much bigger than phone screens, using the smartphone while driving becomes easier.
Now, you can see Google Maps or your Spotify playlist on your car’s large head unit or radio touchscreen. The basic idea is simple. Fidgeting with your phone while driving is very dangerous.
The Android Auto app alleviates these risks by allowing users to control their phones via their cars’ in-built systems. That’s the theory. But, this theory isn’t helpful if drivers need to unlock their smartphones manually every time they use this app. Imagine this –
- You get inside your car and connect your phone via a USB cord. You try to open the Android Auto app, but the phone asks you for a password.
- You try to play a song on the Spotify app – again, the phone asks for a password.
- Someone calls you, and you try to use Google Assistant to answer the call hands-free – again, there’s a password request.
If you can’t start Android Auto without unlocking your phone manually, this app fails in its intended use.
Start Android Auto Without Unlocking Phone in 4 Easy Steps
Take the following four steps to start the Android Auto app without having to unlock your phone each time manually.
Step 1. Check if Your Car is Compatible with Android Auto
Check whether your car is compatible with the Android Auto app. Although this app can function independently, it’s designed to be used on touchscreen car radios. So, check whether your car is fully compatible with this app. Android Auto is compatible with cars from most top automakers in the market, including Mercedes, Volkswagen, Chevrolet, Honda, & Kia. In addition, car head units from leading manufacturers like Sony, Pioneer, Kenwood, and Panasonic are also fully compatible with this app.
Step 2. Check Whether Your Phone Supports Android Auto
This app is only available on Android 6.0 (Marshmallow) through 11. If your phone runs on outdated software, it won’t feature Android Auto. Newer versions of Android (from Android 12) also don’t support this app. Instead, these users are advised to use e Google Assistant Driving Mode – a similar feature to Android Auto.
Step 3. Make Sure Your Car is Connected to Android Auto
Your phone must have a strong internet connection to link to your car’s system. Turn on your vehicle and your phone. Connect the two via Bluetooth or a USB cable. Open the Android Auto app and accept the terms and conditions. Follow the on-screen prompts on your screen and offer the app access to different permissions. Once connected, the Android Auto app will be displayed on your car’s head-unit screen.
Step 4. Set the Smart Lock
Before connecting your car’s system to the Android Auto app, review your phone’s Smart Lock features. This feature allows users to circumvent their lock screens in specific situations. You can tell your Android phone – “Don’t show me the lock screen when I’m…,” with this feature. The goal is simple – use the Smart Lock feature to ensure your phone doesn’t ask for passwords while driving. Here’s how you can do this –
- Find the Smart Lock settings on your phone’s settings panel
- Click the Security option
- Click on “Smart Lock”
- Enter your phone’s lock screen password
- Select the “Got It” option in the bottom right corner of your screen
Now, you’ll be given three options –
- On-body Detection
- Trusted Places
- Trusted Devices
- Select the Trusted Devices option
- Select the option that says “Add Trusted Device.”
- Select your car’s Bluetooth connection
- Make your car’s Bluetooth device a “Trusted Device” in your phone
Now, you can pair your car’s head unit with your smartphone without any passwords. Your car’s system is now a “trusted” device for Google. It will automatically unlock your phone whenever you connect it with your car. I hope this answers your question. Drive safe and use your Android Auto app without having to unlock your phone each time manually.
Credits: Thanks for the photo to Canva.
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Manual create account
The fetus is protected in their mothers uterus for at least 40 weeks. And then there are several different methods doctors use to deliver the baby. This is an animation that demonstrates a forceps delivery.
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( Send Message ) on 29-11-2011.
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Duration: 1m 7s | <urn:uuid:50aecf89-f81a-4718-839c-8a43b7218ba6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dnatube.com/video/8998/Foreceps-Delivery-Birth | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00364-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.884747 | 112 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Man transporting logs with horses and railway in the Akatarawa Bush, Hutt Valley, Between 1912 and 1916
Reference Number: APG-0870-1/2-G
Man transporting logs with horses and wagons on a railway track in the Akatarawa Bush, Hutt Valley. A dog sits on top of one of the logs. Photographed by Albert Percy Godber, between 1912 and 1916. Dated from other images in the Godber Album (Vol 101, p 22 (PA1-o-195)).
1 image, related to Akatarawa, Logging railways, Log transportation, Horse teams and Clearing of land - New Zealand - Wellington Region.
Godber, Albert Percy, 1875-1949 :Collection of albums, prints and negatives, Reference Number PA-Group-00048 (2024 digitised items)
Extent: 1 b&w original negative(s)Dry plate glass negative 6.5 x 4.75 inches. Horizontal imageSingle negative
Conditions governing access to original: Partial restriction - Negatives are not available for viewing. Surrogate copies will be provided.
Citation: Any publication must be accompanied by the credit "A P Godber Collection, Alexander Turnbull Library".
Other copies available: File print available in Turnbull Library Pictures42. Hutt Co. Akatarawa(PFP-020754)
Inscriptions: Inscribed - On album page - Bush scene Akatarawa
Usage: You can search, browse, print and download items from this website for research and personal study. You are welcome to reproduce the above image(s) on your blog or another website, but please maintain the integrity of the image (i.e. don't crop, recolour or overprint it), reproduce the image's caption information and link back to here (http://mp.natlib.govt.nz/detail/?id=22632). If you would like to use the above image(s) in a different way (e.g. in a print publication), or use the transcription or translation, permission must be obtained. More information about copyright and usage can be found on the Copyright and Usage page of the NLNZ web site. | <urn:uuid:463ab4b2-a5b7-499c-8e75-2058669af613> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://mp.natlib.govt.nz/detail/?id=22632&l=en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00409-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.79075 | 458 | 1.828125 | 2 |
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Closing ticks are one of the tools used by investors, brokers, and analysts to access the current condition of a given investment market. The closing tick considers the number of stocks that closed higher during the most recently closed trading period than in the previous period. At the same time, the closing tick will address the stocks that closed lower in the most recent period than in the period immediately preceding the last closed period. This comparison of stock activity allows interested parties to observe trends that are known as upticks and downticks.
The uptick is simply a closing tick that demonstrates a higher closing value in the current period than in the previous period. The recognition of an uptick is a very good thing for many investors, as it indicates that the stocks are performing well. Stocks that exhibit an uptick activity during a closing tick are likely to be monitored for several more periods, in order to determine if the upward trend is likely to continue for some time. In the event that the uptick does indicate that the stock will continue to rise for the long term, investors may choose to acquire shares now rather than later, or hold on to currently held shares until the stock is anticipated to peak.
At the same time, the downtick is not necessarily a bad thing for the investor. While stocks that indicate a downtick during the calculation of a closing tick may not be the first choice for all investors to purchase, there are some who see this trend as an opportunity. The investor will begin to monitor the daily activity of the stock and project when it will hit a low point in trading before beginning to rise again. At the lowest point in the curve, the investor will purchase shares and begin to reap rewards when the stock begins to rise in value again.
The closing tick is also a helpful tool for determining the overall health of the economy. If a market demonstrates a closing tick that is consistently lower than previous periods, this could indicate severe economic conditions that will need to be addressed and corrected as soon as possible. At the same time, a closing tick that shows a healthy balance between stocks with uptick and downtick activity indicates an economy that is relatively stable and not in danger of leaning too far into inflation or recession.
One of our editors will review your suggestion and make changes if warranted. Note that depending on the number of suggestions we receive, this can take anywhere from a few hours to a few days. Thank you for helping to improve wiseGEEK! | <urn:uuid:c6ce9557-3c66-41da-95ef-bddbd3fba250> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-closing-tick.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00546-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964621 | 501 | 2.046875 | 2 |
After being pulled over for a busted taillight on July 6, Philando Castile informed a Minnesota police officer at his window that he owned a gun and had a license to carry it. As he reached for his license and registration, his girlfriend and her 4-year-old daughter then watched as the police officer fired four shots into Castile’s body. He died in the driver’s seat.
Castile was one of 137 Black people in the United States killed by a police officer this year [as of July 8, 2016]. Another Black man, Alton Sterling, was killed by police in Louisiana the night before. On Thursday, seemingly in response, five police officers were killed and six were wounded when snipers interrupted a peaceful protest in Dallas on July 7. Amid the violence there have been forceful calls to city leaders to address police racism and brutality.
But research has existed for awhile to show cities how to reduce racism and interrupt the violence.
Stereotypes about the criminality of Black communities affect a police officer’s decision to shoot a suspect. That’s a fact. However, racial bias training can address the preconceptions and subsequent racially based brutality. After extensive training with a computer simulator in which the race of the suspect was unrelated to the presence of a weapon, a Florida State University study showed that officers were able to eliminate their biases. In a separate study, California officers also foundthat listening to the community and giving suspects time to explain their side of the story reduced compliance issues and increased cooperation.
Female officers are less likely to use excessive force, according to aNational Center for Women in Policing report that looked at seven major U.S. police departments. While women make up 12.7 percent of those departments, they only account for 5 percent of citizen complaints of excessive force. This also means that female officers cost their departments less, because they are less likely to be involved in litigation. The Los Angeles Police Department paid $63.4 million between 1990 and 1999 for lawsuits against male officers and only $2.8 million for those against female officers.
Police departments rarely mirror the diversity of their communities. The New York Times reports that hundreds of police departments are 30 percent more White than the populations they serve. But the number of violent incidents drop drastically when the diversity of the force matches the diversity of its community, according to research from Columbia Law School. A call for this diversity goes back decades, points out Joscha Legewie, who conducted the research with Jeffrey Fagan. “Our findings indicate that in cities that are polarized, particularly where there might be more ethnic or racial tensions, a diverse police force might help reduce tensions,” Legewie said.
Police departments need to open their records to researchers if they want to understand how to fix brutality, said Beatriz Magaloni, an associate professor of political science at Stanford. Magaloni studiespolice brutality in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where 5,132 civilians were killed by police between 2005 and 2014. While Rio is very different from the U.S., violence is likewise concentrated around poor and Black communities. Her research introduced Magaloni to some of the most effective practices, such as peaceful policing of slums and providing salary incentives for reducing homicides rather than rewards for bravery—which contributed to a culture of violence.
Body cameras reduce complaints against police officers, University of South Florida researchers found in a study conducted with the Orlando Police Department. During one year, 46 Orlando officers were randomly assigned to wear body cameras while 43 did not. At the beginning, most officers were skeptical. But by the end, the majority acknowledged that body cameras positively influenced behavior, improved evidence collection, and reduced civilian complaints. They agreed to continue wearing cameras.
Kate Stringer wrote this article for YES! Magazine. Kate is a staff writer at YES! Follow her on Twitter @KateStringer2. | <urn:uuid:80e011cb-94bd-4c89-9815-769f75e9f5b9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.filmsforaction.org/articles/we-already-know-how-to-reduce-police-racism-and-violence/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00054-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975206 | 792 | 3.125 | 3 |
How should one go about good nutrition habits in a world where there is manipulation to increase your chance of consuming energy-dense (and usually nutrient sparse) foods?
Navigating the abyss solo is possible, but one should focus their efforts on habits, and developing consistency. Not jumping from the next Tag-Line diet to the next supplement promised to make calories irrelevant (sadly this is a lie, that the DHHS FDA and USDA do a terrible job in oversight and accountability when it comes to companies claiming and selling claims that are 100% false and predatory).
Instead of trying whatever Dr. Oz is recommending, why not try the nutrition habits many of us have seen as a child; whether it be from parents, school teachers, daycare, etc.
Eating your veggies at each meal is a simple one, do not overthink it.
Each time you eat, you should have veggies (amounts and what veggies are irrelevant currently). We just want you to develop the “habit” of eating them. Your “habits” are what you do with little to no effort. We only have so much energy to devote (internal and external). You will expend your willpower and have a reduction of capacity if you exhaust and deplete it.
Don’t force yourself to do anything, you will find resistance when you’re tired, and that’s not a good “habit” to develop. Instead, start very small, but hold yourself fully accountable. When that habit becomes 2nd nature, then look to hone it in, and then increase your number of habits you look to commit to (health and wellness wise: walking 10 minutes once a day, every day for 2 weeks, once that’s starting to come “habitual” look to increase your time spent walking or amount of times walking per day, not both, just one.)
We all want it now, sadly health and nutrition do not happen now, they happen little by little until what was, becomes now.
-Thomas from Intent Performance Training And Nutrition | <urn:uuid:f318efb7-a26e-4f87-9236-ddc8888b5544> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.trainerize.me/articles/nutrition-lies-in-your-habits/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.943547 | 428 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Full Circle is a project that arose from a joint venture with David Carson, a long time colleague and the co-author of “Medicine Cards.” When we re-connected, in the early 90’s, I wanted to work with David on something that would combine his knowledge and my skill. The point was to disseminate the knowledge that lives in native philosophy.
We began work on a proto-type deck of cards, but after David mentioned the concept and discussed some of the sketches with friends, he decided that he could not proceed. His reasons were complex; but apparently several native-American tribes took extreme exception to this project, which involved someone without enough native blood. I’m only a very small part Lakota Sioux, and while David is half Cherokee – it was not enough to sway the people.
In order to not tread on the philosophy of peoples already so abused by this society, I decided to go further back: 15,000 years to the time of the shamans and the time of the Caves of Lascaux. The point of the ‘dancers’ in this project is to connect us all to our common beginnings – in order to re-discover some of that precious human balance that we seem to have lost. The still unfinished project is called “The Circle of the Ancients.”
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All images are © kirwan, all rights are reserved (unless otherwise noted). | <urn:uuid:8a66f056-a2cb-4521-a30c-c043a7524085> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.kirwanesque.net/kirwan-art/full-circle/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00199-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977608 | 299 | 1.765625 | 2 |
late 14c., fibre "a lobe of the liver," also "entrails," from Medieval Latin fibre, from Latin fibra "a fiber, filament; entrails," which is of uncertain origin, perhaps related to Latin filum "a thread, string" (from PIE root *gwhi- "thread, tendon") or to Latin findere "to split" (from PIE root *bheid- "to split").
Meaning "thread-like structure in animal bodies" is from c. 1600 (in plants, 1660s); hence figurative use in reference to force or toughness (1630s). As "textile material," 1827. Fiberboard is from 1897; Fiberglas is attested from 1937, U.S. registered trademark name; in generic use, with lower-case f- and double -s, by 1941. Fiber optics is from 1956.
1630s, "a sticky substance," from French gluten "sticky substance" (16c.) or directly from Latin gluten (glutin-) "glue" (see glue (n.)). Used 16c.-19c. for the part of animal tissue now called fibrin; used since 1803 of the nitrogenous part of the flour of wheat or other grain; hence glutamic acid (1871), a common amino acid, and its salt, glutamate.
<a href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/fibrin">Etymology of fibrin by etymonline</a>
Harper, D. (n.d.). Etymology of fibrin. Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved $(datetime), from https://www.etymonline.com/word/fibrin | <urn:uuid:5c1f793a-cb4a-45d3-b7f7-a97cc6dde8c1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.etymonline.com/word/fibrin | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.8812 | 406 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Thanks to you, the first level of € 20,000 is reached!
It is very encouraging for the survival of the sanctuary: thank you for your mobilization!
Oldest apparition site of the Virgin in France, the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Le Puy welcomes, each year, almost 600,000 people. In the heart of the Massif Central, it is the point of departure, as well as the destination, for many pilgrims.
Around the year 900, the Bishop of Le Puy, Godeschalk, opened the way for the pilgrimage to Saint James of Compostella. Each year, more than 15,000 pilgrims depart from Le Puy or pass through as a step along the way of the Camino. For many, the pilgrims’ Mass, celebrated at 7 am, followed by the blessing for the way, remains an outstanding memory of their trip. The ensemble of the Cathedral of Our Lady of Le Puy is one of the monuments of the Way of Compostella, classed as a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1998.
Empty without the pilgrims who would be setting off on the way of Compostella.
Empty without the community which gathers there each Sunday for Mass.
Empty without the pilgrims and tourists come to pray upon the Fever Stone and before the Black Madonna.
- visibilityThe Fever StoneThe tradition says that in the 5th century a woman, in tremendous pain, received in a dream the injunction to go up Mont Anis and to lay down upon a great flat rock, the “Fever Stone”. The Virgin appeared to her and announced her healing, asking that a church be built on this site. The pilgrims come here to pray, even lying down upon the Stone to confide to Mary their trials.
With the confinement our ability to welcome people has been reduced to a minimum. The Cathedral remains open; we live-stream the Masses and certain offices on social networks.
But for us, the situation is critical. Between March and October we collect the greatest part of the resources necessary for the running of the Sanctuary throughout the year. Today, these resources are extremely diminished : almost no more candles lit, no more pilgrim credential documents, no more group visits and the gift-shop is closed.
From May 11th the movement restrictions will continue, impacting us more and more as each day passes. We anticipate a 50% drop in the number of visitors for the year 2020, which is equivalent to a financial loss of around €150,000 over the year. Even if we don't collect the whole amount, every euro we receive will help us get through this complicated period.
Today, the Sanctuary needs your help!
Our immediate needs :
- Preserve the activity of the 8 paid employees, the 3 religious Sisters and the 3 priests at the service of the pilgrims
- Meet the current costs: electricity, fuel, gas…
- Maintain the welcome of pilgrims and visitors
- Assure the daily maintenance of the Cathedral
We are currently without the resources which enable us to sustain the life of the Sanctuary throughout the year.
YET EACH YEAR WE NEED :
- €120 000 for salaries and wages
- €18 000 for energy costs
- €17 000 for the welcoming of pilgrims and visitors and maintenance of the Cathedral
We are very conscious that the entire world is in an extremely difficult situation, and that many do not know how they are going to manage following this confinement. We wish to assure you of our prayers and our support. But we also, in our turn, have need of support.
Please don’t hesitate to send us your prayer intentions, for yourselves and your loved ones. You can leave them on the page dedicated to this on our website or in the “comments” box which will appear after you have made your donation.
- visibilityThe origin of the SanctuaryIn the 5th century, while at Ephesus a Council recognised the fittingness of the title “Mother of God” given to the Virgin Mary, a first sanctuary was constructed on Mont Anis, which today is dominated by the cathedral Our Lady of the Annunciation: through the “yes” of Mary, the Christ became flesh in order to enter into the heart of all humanity and to save it.
- visibilityThe message conveyed by the Sanctuary throughout the agesThree phrases from the Bible resume the message of this Sanctuary: “Come to me, all you who labour and are heavy burdened, and I will give you rest.” (John 11:8). One comes to Le Puy to lay upon the stone of the Apparition ones pains and sufferings, ones hopes and prayers.
“Unless one is born from above, one cannot see the kingdom of God.” (John 3:3). By its very particular architecture the cathedral of Le Puy invites one to live a rebirth, to receive the life of Christ and to leave again renewed.
“I am the servant of the Lord; let it be done to me according to your word.” (Luke 1:38). Mary helps us to say yes to the Lord’s call, as she herself did on the day of the Annunciation. The cathedral is like a big heart which draws in and which sends out so that we “may have life in abundance” (John 10:10).
- visibilityThe specific features of the Sanctuary
Welcome : each morning at 7 am the pilgrims of Compostella come to receive the blessing for the way before setting out on their journey.
Compassion : carrying the prayers of those who suffer, who are burdened, and listening to them by means of a simple encounter or through the sacraments.
Prayer : arriving at the summit of the rock, after climbing the 134 steps, there’s no other way than to enter into silence, to regain one’s breath, to receive a new “breath” and to pray before the Black Madonna who presents to us her son, Jesus. | <urn:uuid:c459665e-f9e1-4e3b-b3d1-073e0e55b0bd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.credofunding.fr/en/sanctuaire-le-puy-covid-19 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.946471 | 1,248 | 2.21875 | 2 |
The renminbi’s (RMB) continuing growth story again hit the headlines in 2016. One milestone was its acceptance by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) as a global ‘reserve currency’ – one that is widely used enough in international trade that central banks are prepared to hold it in their stocks of foreign exchange.
At the same time, offshore clearing hubs – banks authorised by China’s central bank, the People’s Bank of China (PBOC), to clear the currency beyond its borders – continued to spring up across the world. In addition the PBOC-backed Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) – which aims to facilitate use of the RMB globally by cutting costs and process times – marked its first year in action, representing a significant step forward for connecting China’s financial infrastructure to global markets.
Such developments have come as RMB plays an ever-greater role in financing trade, and as China’s commercial ambitions continue to broaden worldwide. As a result, the volume of RMB-denominated trade and payments continues to increase.
As a recent study from Commerzbank finds, more and more companies are looking to tap into this growth. By invoicing in the currency, they can gain a range of considerable advantages: from being better positioned to enter Chinese markets and managing international cash more effectively, to maximising profits from investments and hedging against currency risks.
However, the transition to using RMB is far from simple, and will rely on banks that can offer the right foreign exchange (FX) products, insights on Chinese markets and familiarity with international trade.
2016: an important chapter in the RMB story
The growth of RMB in world financial markets continues at pace, with 2016 bringing several landmark developments with respect to the currency’s internationalisation. Among the most noteworthy events was the IMF’s inclusion of the currency in its ‘special drawing rights’ (SDR) basket. This means it joined the exclusive club of internationally recognised ‘reserve currencies’ used by central banks, previously comprising only the US dollar (USD), euro (EUR), British pound (GBP) and Japanese yen (JPY).
This marked a considerable political feat for China, but it will also act as a confidence-building measure; reassuring central banks worldwide of the value in holding RMB assets and recognising that the currency is now ‘freely useable’ in world trade.
Last year also saw the establishment of more global ‘RMB clearing hubs’ from London, Paris and Frankfurt to Toronto, Singapore and Doha, enabling international corporates to better access RMB accounts and products. These centres ultimately help improve companies’ RMB liquidity beyond Chinese borders.
Commerzbank has seen the highly-publicised establishment of these hubs raise awareness of Chinese business and RMB opportunities among local companies in Germany and Switzerland. The creation of yet more hubs, in New York and Dubai, is on the horizon.
Meanwhile, 2016 showed that the CIPS ran successfully, which will continue to aid RMB payment clearing and settlement between China and other countries. This centralised financial messaging infrastructure offers companies a valuable, China-based complement to the use of correspondent banking partners and clearing banks dotted around the world.
With Phase 1 of the CIPS now complete; that is the adoption of global financial messaging standards and automated processing of data for RMB-denominated transactions, Phase 2 will see the system expand over the coming year. This will bring more banks on board, allowing for financial messages to be communicated without the need to maintain a physical presence in China.
Impressive growth trends
These developments are set against a backdrop of steady global growth for RMB. The currency is certainly making its mark on the real economy: according to SWIFT’s statistics, the RMB is now the third-most used currency in trade finance after USD and EUR, with a share of 4.61% of the global market.
This figure will doubtless increase. For instance, China’s ‘one belt, one road’ (OBOR) initiative – the grand plan to spur trade through investment in road, rail and energy infrastructure – is gaining traction across Asia and Europe. RMB will be crucial to facilitating commerce sparked by the initiative, which covers some 64 countries, one third of the world’s gross domestic product (GDP), and two thirds of its population.
RMB has also surged in importance in the payments sphere. Back in 2012, SWIFT’s rankings of the most-used global payment currencies (by value) placed the RMB in 12th position; having flirted with fourth position in August 2015, RMB finished 2016 at a respectable fifth. This means it commanded a market share of 2.00% of the value of financial messages sent across the global network – with only USD (41.07%), EUR (31.55%), GBP (7.38%), and JPY (3.38%) able to boast higher shares.
More than 100 countries in all are now sending RMB-denominated payments directly to and from China and Hong Kong. Individual progress has also been considerable: in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), for instance, the value of RMB-denominated payments has grown by about 45% since 2015.
Companies are getting on board
Given such important developments and promising growth trends, it’s no surprise that awareness of RMB among companies has deepened considerably in just one year.
The results of Commerzbank’s 2016 Customer Survey conducted with market researcher the Forsa Institute of over 200 German firms illustrate this growing interest. The poll found that companies’ use of RMB in their cross-border transactions had almost doubled from 2014.
The survey also found that while 17% of respondents had made the transition to invoicing their Chinese partners in RMB, a further 15.5% were planning to convert their invoicing within 12 months of the poll – meaning that, in total, about a third of companies are actively dealing with the RMB issue. This compares to only 25% in 2015.
Why make the jump to RMB?
Corporate clients are clearly eager to open up new discussions about RMB, but what is behind such demand?
One reason is greater profitability. Companies able to invoice in RMB can find themselves in a better negotiating position for prices when settling trade with Chinese partners. Indeed, in the survey the ability to gain price benefits from invoicing in RMB emerged as the crucial factor for 56% of respondents.
An additional competitive advantage of using RMB – cited by 53% of those companies polled – is the ability to maintain good relations with Chinese partners citing an explicit wish to invoice in the currency. A further 41%, in fact, found better connections to Chinese markets a clear incentive, given that RMB capability offers an overseas company access to Chinese firms that may not have a foreign exchange export licence.
Finally, as 47% of respondents agreed, the chance to hedge exchange rates is another key argument in favour of adopting RMB. Companies expanding their global business, inevitably coming into contact with a wider range of currencies, can better mitigate foreign exchange risk; indeed, it means they can also take risk off the shoulders of their Chinese partners.
Support from banking partners is needed
The RMB transition is hardly straightforward, however. Companies still need support in hedging their RMB exposure with the right tools in both onshore and offshore markets. As the yuan internationalises and liberalises, its volatility will only increase. Banks can affirm that hedging of RMB exposure during European trading hours has notably grown over the last two years.
What is more, the process of adopting RMB can be a challenging and lengthy process, as it affects both treasury and procurement departments. This means companies need full, front-to-end support from their banks across the value chain, along with innovative RMB accounts and payment products from their banks.
Finally, tapping the Chinese market may have become more commonplace in recent years but navigating international trade corridors remains complex. This means that companies – whether European corporates looking to expand to Asia, or Asian firms intending to transact in Europe – need a banking partner that is familiar with the local financial landscape.
RMB has continued to make a considerable impression on financial markets in 2016. Supported by those banks able to deal with the transition to RMB, treasurers can ensure 2017 is another RMB-denominated success story. | <urn:uuid:02942a04-2994-4672-815f-ea45ab00f731> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theglobaltreasurer.com/2017/01/24/the-rise-and-rise-of-the-renminbi/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.952061 | 1,760 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Blog: Free speech doesn’t depend on ‘social benefits’
The U.S. Supreme Court did not say yesterday that it was OK to beat your dog — or to do worse.
The Court did, however, refuse to create another broad exception to freedom of speech through a law it found too broad and potentially impractical to follow or enforce.
In United States v. Stevens, the nation’s highest court threw out a federal law created to ban videos that show graphic violence against animals, saying it violated the right to free speech. The justices also voided the conviction of a Virginia man, Robert Stevens, sentenced to three years in prison for videos he made about pit-bull fights.
The important lesson in the decision is one that Chief Justice John Roberts took care to make in the opening pages announcing the 8-1 decision: Our basic freedoms don’t depend for survival on some kind of analysis of relative positive results to society.
“The First Amendment’s guarantee of free speech does not extend only to categories of speech that survey an ad hoc balancing of relative social costs and benefits,” Roberts wrote. “The First Amendment itself reflects a judgment by the American people that the benefits of its restrictions on the Government outweighs the costs. Our Constitution forecloses any attempt to revise that judgment simply on the basis that some speech is not worth it.”
Roberts emphasized how broadly the law would reach, writing that, despite promises from prosecutors, the law could well be used against depictions of lawful activities such as hunting and other activities in which animals were killed, such as livestock slaughter in food-processing.
“Despite the Government’s assurance that it will apply [the law] to reach only 'extreme' cruelty, this Court will not uphold an unconstitutional statute merely because the Government promises to use it responsibly,” Roberts wrote in the majority opinion.
Acknowledging that the staging of dogfights is illegal in every state, the majority apparently found that Stevens’ case posed the kind of “overbroad” application of the law they consider unacceptable. Stevens was convicted of selling videos of pit-bull fights from Japan and from dogfights in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s; and videos of dogs attacking a wild boar and a pig.
The chief justice noted that the law, as currently written, would subject the producers of magazines and videos to “a bewildering maze of regulations from at least 56 separate jurisdictions,” because prosecution could take place wherever those products were sold even if the activity shown was legal in the place where it occurred, Roberts said.
Freedom of speech, by definition, protects speech than many (or most) of us find distasteful or repulsive. We have created only rare exceptions to that freedom.
Though “true threats” are not protected, we permit hateful speakers to vent against religious or racial groups — in part so that we all can hear that message and be moved to speak out against it. Though there are libel and slander laws, the First Amendment affirms a broad allowance for strong opinions and heated debates on public issues that call into question the motives and performance of public officials. And though we have laws on the books to protect youngsters from “adult” materials, adults have the right to choose to read and view materials some find objectionable.
Laws against animal cruelty also remain on the books, untouched by yesterday’s ruling. And the Court left open a constitutional window for a rewritten, more-specific law better aimed at depictions of the horrible maiming and killing of small animals in so-called “crush videos” or in “other depictions of extreme animal cruelty.” Shortly after the decision was announced, the Humane Society of the United States expressed hope that Congress so act, quickly.
The Court’s decision in Stevens is a reminder of the great danger the nation’s founders saw in permitting government to act as an unfettered censor, even with the best of intentions.
As Roberts wrote in the decision, “The First Amendment protects against the Government; it does not leave us at the mercy of noblesse oblige” — the obligation of those in power to act honorably. | <urn:uuid:22cfac99-a2b9-40d7-bde7-084b3ee43ffc> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.firstamendmentcenter.org/blog-free-speech-doesnt-depend-on-social-benefits | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719677.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00559-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962725 | 875 | 2.453125 | 2 |
How Museums Can Create a More Impactful, Interactive Design
Museums offer so much in the way of cultural and historical significance. If a museum has something subterranean to feature—think historical foundations, infrastructure, or ruins—a glass floor can be a sophisticated and effective way to showcase that element. With that in mind, here are four key reasons museums should consider glass floors.
4 Ways Glass Flooring Can Enhance a Museum
1. Offer a More Personal Experience
History can feel remote and abstract. A museum, created with thought and intention, can make that history feel more visceral and real. If there’s something of note to showcase below the floorboards, a glass floor can help a museum highlight that feature and make it feel more tangible and impactful for the visitors.
Below is an image from the Jamestown Archaearium in Jamestown, Virginia. The glass floor reveals the original foundation of the Jamestown Statehouse (1665–1698).
A fact that might otherwise just sound like a place and a date suddenly becomes more real, fascinating, and impactful because the visitor can see the structure with his or her own eyes. Glass flooring makes that possible.
2. Preserve What’s Below the Glass Flooring
Ensuring the visitors have an up-close-and-personal experience with the historical feature is important. However, ensuring the absolute safety and preservation of that feature should be the number one priority.
By covering the historical feature in glass flooring manufactured with today’s stringent safety features, architects, museum curators, and historians can all rest easy knowing that feature is safe and protected from potential damage.
In this way, glass flooring is a win for everyone. Visitors get to see what’s below the surface in a personal, close way, and the feature gets to stay pristine for generations to come.
3. Add Visual Interest to the Space
In addition to enhancing the historical significance of subterranean features, a glass floor can also play into the overall design scheme of the museum itself. Perhaps it lends the museum a sleek, modern aesthetic, or maybe the glass flooring is playful and colorful to delight and to entertain children. (Jockimo’s Liquid Lava™ tiles are an ideal example.)
Whatever the intent, adding glass flooring will ensure both the content and the design of the museum are made greater.
4. Set the Museum Apart
Designed and implemented correctly, a striking glass floor can make a visitor’s experience at the museum something special and memorable. It can be the thing that prompts someone to return to the museum, to share the experience with another, to post favorably about the space online, and any other number of actions that help the museum stand out and make a positive impression.
Glass Flooring: Safety First
Any museum considering the installation of a glass floor must ensure it complies with today’s safety standards. This includes the following:
- Being manufactured with a failure redundancy.
- Complying with glass thickness standards.
- Having an anti-slip coating.
For more information about why glass floors are a great fit for museums, check out this article.
If you have any questions or want to discuss the new build or renovation of your museum, feel free to reach out. We’re a premier custom glass manufacturer, and we’re happy to provide whatever insight we can! | <urn:uuid:6e599fd4-5531-43f2-bee5-00cc717a5d3d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jockimo.com/about/jockimo-blog/museums-reveal-what-s-below-the-surface-with-glass-flooring | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.901195 | 715 | 2.875 | 3 |
Creating & Sustaining Positive Cultures in Charter Schools
Learn about essential elements of creating and enriching a positive school culture at your charter school. Promising practices shared will integrate common-sense charter approaches with research insights to equip you with implementation strategies to enhance your culture. Presenter will speak from experience of his PhD studies dissertation and a principal of a charter school.
Ask A Question
Let us know what you need: | <urn:uuid:8893f685-df32-45a6-85d5-ccbd525bdabe> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ccsa.org/2011/02/creating-sustaining-positive-cultures-in-charter-schools.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00089-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.902104 | 86 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Engineers and designers interested in crack propagation, grain rotation, and other effects of mechanical stress can now get up close and personal with material testing, thanks to a module from MTI Instruments, Albany, N.Y. (www.mtiinstruments.com). The device, which the company got when it acquired Fullam‘s line of tensile-stage products, works with scanning-electron microscopes, atomic-force microscopes, and light microscopes. The aluminum-alloy device can carry out tensile, compression, bending, and facture tests, with optional heaters and coolers available for simulating low and high-temperature environments. And testing can be monotonic, segmented, or cyclic. Dual leadscrews keep load samples centered within a scope’s field of view. MTESTQuatro software from ADMET Inc., Norwood, Mass., controls experiments and collects data.
Edited by Stephen J. Mraz
Copyright 2010, Penton Media Inc. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:966fd53d-5936-47cd-9894-9ba5b312435c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://machinedesign.com/print/materials/material-testing-machines-mti-instruments-work-microscopes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00146-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.840376 | 213 | 1.5625 | 2 |
If are a fan of the Sci-Fi genre of the robot apocalypses you may well not want to give a robot a chainsaw to wield. If, on the other hand, you are a creative artist then it seems well worth the risk, as this video demonstrates.
In this case the robot is a standard industrial arm with an electric chainsaw mounted where the gripper would normally go. There is no doubt that a gas driven chainsaw would be far more threatening but even so, when the software starts it up you really hope that humans are well out of reach.
Once running the clever part is the way the program takes the saw through a complex set of movements that would be tough for a skilled human to follow. Exactly what the robot is doing isn't obvious to the viewer, but once it is finished the whole thing is disassembled to reveal two wooden stools and some interesting shapes.
As the project's web page explains, the project resulted from coursework by young designers at Karlsruhe University of Arts and Design who recently exhibited at an interior design event in Cologne. The highlight of the exhibition was a public performance, shown twice a day, where seven stackable stools were cut straight from a tree trunk by an industrial robot with a chainsaw.
If you are a Sci-Fi fan then presumably you too breathe a sigh of relief when the plastic chain guard is fitted by the very brave man who is first on the scene.
So is this performance art or a demonstration of technology.? The audience was allowed to buy the stools after the performance so is it simply a sales opportunity. Personally I think a few minutes with a sander is required before putting any humanoid parts in contact with the wood.
The serious point is not just that robots are fun to watch, but they offer ways of creating things that would be too difficult for alternative methods. A robot with a chainsaw is just a subtractive 3D printer.
Perhaps the next step is carving wood to create sculptures or portraiture busts, or perhaps ice carving...
Both seem like good ideas for a startup. | <urn:uuid:f4095d61-d624-46f0-870f-62298e010979> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://i-programmer.info/news/169-robotics/5392-a-robot-with-a-chainsaw.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720475.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00353-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963744 | 430 | 2.21875 | 2 |
2017 National Charities
The RUN4HOPE program has helped runners raise more than $14.5 million for charity and community good. Please join in. Thank you!
Down Syndrome Research Foundation
Helping Individuals with Down Syndrome Reach Their Full Potential
Our mission is to empower individuals with Down syndrome to reach their full potential throughout life by pioneering and providing educational programs and services, grounded in foundational research. Working with researchers, professionals and families, we are a bridge between research and practice.
Canuck Place Children’s Hospice
Provides palliative and respite care services for sick children in BC, Canada
Canuck Place Children’s Hospice is British Columbia’s recognized pediatric palliative care provider. Over 500 newborns, children and teens with life-threatening illnesses and their families receive care from CPCH through outreach programs and two hospice locations; Vancouver and Abbotsford. Services include clinical respite and family support, pain and symptom management, 24-hour phone consultation support and in-house clinical care, art and education, recreation therapy, grief and loss counselling and end-of-life care. Through the investment of the community and our talented team and over 350 energetic volunteers we make a lasting difference in the lives of children and the families who love them.
Courage lives here.
Team in Training: Leukemia & Lymphoma Society of Canada, BC & Yukon
Save Lives Today
Today is the day you’ll start helping save the lives of blood cancer patients by joining Team In Training and raising money for blood cancer research. Since its beginning in 1988, more than 600,000 participants have helped TNT and The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society raise more than $1.4 billion for therapies that are saving lives. Our mission is to cure leukemia, lymphoma, Hodgkin’s disease and myeloma, and improve the quality of life of patients and their families. LLS funds lifesaving blood cancer research around the world and provides free information and support services. In partnership with athletes just like you, The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society helps blood cancer patients live better, longer lives.
Canadian Mental Health Association
Champions For Positive Mental Health Since 1918
Help create a bright future for young people in our community. In Canada, an alarming 3.2 million young people between the ages of 12-19 years old are at risk of developing a mental illness. Early intervention is vital to ensure they can reach their full potential. Unfortunately, only 1 out of 5 of these youth will get the mental health services they need in a timely manner. By participating in the BMO Vancouver Marathon RUN4HOPE together with CMHA, you will ensure young people have support to grow into healthy and happy adults who contribute to their community. Canadian Mental Health Association is a nation wide voluntary movement that promotes mental health for all and supports the resilience and recovery of people experiencing mental illness. Each year, we provide direct service to more than 100,000 individuals across Canada in over 120 communities. | <urn:uuid:722286d7-9787-497f-8ea9-16d6047e7e20> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://bmovanmarathon.ca/run4hope/national-charities | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00564-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.923154 | 620 | 1.515625 | 2 |
DEFINITION of 'Community Currency'
A form of paper scrip issued at the county, town or community level for use at local participating businesses. The theory behind community currencies is to encourage spending at local businesses as opposed to chain or "big box" stores. Local residents can exchange dollars for community currencies at local bank branches that participate in the program, usually at a discount to encourage their use; for example, $0.90 buys $1 of community currency.
Business owners who accept community currencies may have to create separate accounting methods to deal with different taxation guidelines, but this is considered an acceptable tradeoff for increased business from local customers.
BREAKING DOWN 'Community Currency'
Most attempts at creating "local dollars" fall through because they fail to achieve a critical mass of issuance and acceptance by businesses. Their success is generally in their ability to gain widespread use - the towns that have run successful programs have hundreds of small businesses that agree to accept the currency. While business owners may lose money on some purchases due to currency discounts, they find that customers tend to give them more repeat business. The effect has been to save some companies from shutting their doors, and maybe even stall the growth of big box retailers such as Wal-Mart and Best Buy.
Studies have shown that communities who try this program are able to keep more money circulating in the local economy, whereas money spent at big box stores is much more likely to leave the area altogether. Community currencies, if run with strong leadership, can also instill a sense of community pride that further aids in supporting small business efforts. | <urn:uuid:b36bdb43-696f-4c1e-98d6-2f4e30602394> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/community_currencies.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00062-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963028 | 320 | 3.125 | 3 |
Open Access Dissertation
Date of Award
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
Steve O. Salley
Compared to the mish metal-based AB5 MH alloy commonly used in Ni/MH batteries, the transition metal-based AB2 MH alloy not only reduces the rare earth dependency, it also has higher specific energy. In order to further improve the performance of AB2 MH alloy, it's crucial to full understand its multi-phase nature, which includes the main C14/C15 Laves phases and the secondary non-Laves phases.
In order to optimize the gaseous phase and electrochemical advantages of both the C14 and C15 Laves phases, a study was established to recognize the factors that affect the C14/C15 phase abundance. Average electron density (e/a) was proven to be an influential parameter in determining the C14/C15 phase abundance: as e/a increased, C14/C15 became less/more dominant, respectively. However, with different A-site composition, a shift in e/a was observed in the C14/C15 phase abundance vs. e/a relationship. The average chemical potential for electronic charge of A atoms (Φ * A) was found to show a nearly perfect linear correlation to the C14/C15 threshold with various selections of A-site elements. The combination of e/a and Φ * A can be used to predict the C14/C15 phase abundance and assist future AB2 MH alloy design process.
Four non-Laves phase alloys, Zr8Ni21, Zr7Ni10, Zr9Ni11, and ZrNi, commonly seen in AB2 MH alloys were studied. Annealing treatment was adopted on each alloy to change the abundances of various phases. Annealing suppressed secondary phases except for the case of Zr9Ni11, where its secondary ZrNi phase increased. As the Zr/Ni ratio increased, the maximum gaseous phase hydrogen storage capacity increased but maximized at Zr : Ni = 9 : 11. Comparing the properties before and after annealing, it was clear that the natures of constituent phases influenced the gaseous phase storage. The highest full discharge capacity was obtained at Zr : Ni = 7 : 10, which is a compromise between the hydrogen desorption rate and the theoretical maximum gaseous phase hydrogen storage. As the Zr/Ni ratio increased, the amount of metallic Ni in the surface oxide decreased, therefore the high-rate dischargeablity decreased. Among all alloys, the unannealed Zr7Ni10 demonstrated the best gaseous phase hydrogen storage and electrochemical capacities, and the unannealed Zr8Ni21 showed excellent HRD and activation.
Zr8Ni21 alloy was then chosen based on its promising performance to be further modified for the purpose of developing alternative MH alloys for Ni/MH batteries. Zr8Ni19 X 2 alloys (X = Ni, Mg, Al, Sc, V, Mn, Co, Sn, La, and Hf) were prepared and studied. The effect of annealing on these alloys was also investigated. Only the main phase of the annealed Sn-substitution remained Zr8Ni21-structured while those of other substitutions turned into Zr7Ni10 or Zr2Ni7. Annealing generally suppressed secondary phases except for the case of Zr8Ni19Sn2, where the major phase transformed from Zr2Ni7 to Zr8Ni21. Both the maximum gaseous phase hydrogen storage and electrochemical full discharge capacities followed the increasing order of B/A ratio of the main phase. After annealing, all alloys except for the Sn-substituion showed degradation in full discharge capacity due to the reduction in number and abundance of the catalytic secondary phases. Among all alloys, the as-cast Hf-substituted Zr8Ni21 alloy demonstrated the best overall gaseous phase hydrogen storage and electrochemical properties.
Nei, Jean, "Multi-component ab2 metal hydride alloys for nickel metal hydride battery applications" (2012). Wayne State University Dissertations. Paper 465. | <urn:uuid:aab5abec-ac49-4859-956c-06a729211037> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/465/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719416.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00365-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.910388 | 883 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Schools during ACCS first started playing with Canvas during the 2014 to create strong relationship between teachers and you can youngsters, also to offer access to secured, high-top quality training material all over the sufferers. Canvas LMS was a great SaaS digital training hub you to definitely will bring students, educators, and you can units along with her getting a common digital studying ecosystem throughout the physical, combined, otherwise on the internet class. As well as, Canvas are totally mobile, making certain learners have fair availableness within this all of the group.
Finally, we lead a cumulative rating of them four details (yes=1; no=0) to look at this new organization between diverse public matchmaking engagement and you will event alzhiemer’s disease
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Fabric Business empowers online instruction with video tools for teaching, learning, and engagement. Studio is a next-generation video learning platform that turns one-way, passive video into inclusive and productive virtual classroom discussions. Canvas Studio provides a set of tools for creating and delivering novel interactive digital learning experiences. It enables content creation, in-video discussions, embedded quizzes, and more.
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Cronbach’s alpha for these five items was 0.40. We found that respondents who scored 2 (n=2460), 3 (n=3833), 4 (n=4980) or 5 (n=1818) were 14%, 25%, 35% or 46% less likely to develop incident dementia compared with those who scored 0 or 1 (n=893), respectively, controlling for the covariates. A significant dose–response relationship was also observed with regard to the association between the combined score and incident dementia (trend p<001; figure 1). Baseline characteristics according to the cumulative score groups are shown in online supplementary table S3.
Secondary file 4
New scores was determined by adding the amount of chose social dating parameters in which respondents engaged. The 5 social matchmaking details was chose predicated on design step three: partnered, experience of family members, group participation, really works involvement and you will personal assistance transfers with loved ones. All the covariates (many years, intercourse, knowledge, household earnings, Geriatric Anxiety Size, personal intellectual grievances, crucial products away from daily living, stroke, diabetic issues, every day walking some time and hobbies) is actually adjusted.
While doing so, i noticed little or no impact modification because of the sex, GDS, SCI or IADLs, except for a relationships of being hitched of the gender (p=0.001), exhibiting the association ranging from that have a girlfriend and you will incident alzhiemer’s disease try more powerful when you look at the males (pick on line secondary table S4). Though i excluded the newest instances of event dementia contained in this dos and you will 36 months on the data, the results was basically, generally speaking, just like our very first study, and this excluded respondents that have alzhiemer’s disease onset within this 1 year. not, the chance protection when you are hitched (Hours 0.96, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.08), class participation (Hour 0.91, 95% CI 0.82 to just one.02) and really works wedding (Time 0.91, 95% CI 0.80 to at least one.04) shrank as soon as we excluded brand new respondents having ?3-12 months dementia occurrence (discover on the internet supplementary desk S5). | <urn:uuid:e28752ff-bdc4-4a49-a9c4-d2ed44d4977d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bhssjr.com/2022/06/possibility-dangers-to-own-event-alzhiemer-s/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.93975 | 1,022 | 1.71875 | 2 |
New report warns of SCADA CYBERGEDDON*
*In the worst case.
The industrial control system fright machine is getting another kick along today, via a survey by Russian vendor Positive Technologies.
The company’s study makes some startling claims: 40 percent of SCADA systems “available from the Internet” can be easily hacked, half of the vulnerabilities the company found allow the execution of arbitrary code on the target system, one-third of vulnerabilities arise from poor configuration such as using default passwords, and one-quarter are related to users not installing security updates.
The study was based on an analysis of vulnerabilities announced on sources such as ICS-CERT, Bugtraq, vendor advisories, and similar lists.
While the most basic datum – the number of vulnerabilities announced – isn’t surprising (98 in 2012 compared to 64 in 2011, and only 11 in 2010), The Register would note that nobody paid serious attention to SCADA and industrial control security until shocked into action by Stuxnet.
Similarly, while Siemens’ position at the top of the list (with 42 identified vulnerabilities) looks bad, it’s because the vendor has instituted a vulnerability assessment program designed to discover problems in its ICS. The report notes that Siemens has fixed 88 percent of published vulnerabilities (at the top of the list is Advantech with 91 percent of vulnerabilities fixed, compared to Schneider Electric at 56 percent).
However, assessing the risk posed by these vulnerabilities is less easily done. For example: while the study claims that all of the “internet-visible” ICS it identified in Switzerland are vulnerable, that country accounts for less than two percent of the total sample (El Reg also notes that the sample size is unknown).
Without any clear indication of the extent of Positive Technologies’ test, beyond identifying whether a route existed to a device, it’s impossible to discuss whether any of the “Internet-available” devices are secured in any way. ®
Bootnote: Australian admins can, perhaps, breathe a sigh of relief of some kind: the analysis doesn’t report any vulnerable systems down under. ® | <urn:uuid:5b013a9d-648f-4a48-a691-57974afae74b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.theregister.co.uk/Print/2012/11/12/scada_vulnerability_study/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00062-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.923702 | 447 | 1.976563 | 2 |
The U.S.-based Human Rights Watch has called on international donors, diplomats and organizations to pressure the Sudanese government to end its crackdown on civil society organizations.
Khartoum shut down four rights groups last month and revoked the registration of another. The government has accused NGOs of having a “political agenda” and serving as mouthpieces of the West.
Jehanne Henry, a senior researcher in the Africa Division of Human Rights Watch, said the crackdown reflects the government’s fragility and defensiveness toward independent voices of democracy.
“The organizations themselves are cultural groups, promoting diversity and democracy, [and the] history of Sudan. The Sudan Studies Association is one the groups, and it produces research on Sudanese history and culture. So, the allegations that these groups have political agendas is all very suspicious sounding, and it smacks a political crackdown on independent voices,” she said.
Henry said Sudan needs independent voices at this point in its history, especially since the country lacks a constitution, and has gone through so many changes since its separation from South Sudan, as well as the challenges of wars in Darfur, Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile.
She said both the United Nations and the African Union have the power to tell the Khartoum government to rescind its decisions.
“The United Nations does have the independent experts mandated to follow the human rights situation in Sudan. So, we would like these independent experts to echo our call to get Sudan to revoke and revise these decisions. The African Union also has a voice on this,” Henry said.
Henry also said international donors and diplomats in Khartoum are aware of what is going on, and Human Rights Watch would like them to coordinate and increase pressure on the government to revoke its decisions.
She said, even though Sudan faces many challenges, it still must abide by its own constitution and international human rights laws to which Khartoum is a signatory, including freedom of expression and assembly.
“Certainly, the debate around the constitution has brought up the issue of having a circular system versus an Islamic constitution, and it has also provoked some very anti-Western rhetoric in the media. But, this is related to what’s going politically inside Sudan’s ruling party, and it’s related to Sudan’s request for a new identity, but it does not empower the government to violate human rights laws or its own constitution,” Henry said. | <urn:uuid:c4b9bd88-7346-4f2d-9d06-e78416ef4f64> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.voanews.com/a/human-rights-watch-sudan-crackdown-on-ngos/1583168.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00277-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956644 | 512 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Canine castaway refuses peanut butter, eludes rescuers
April 22, 2002 Posted: 8:56 PM EDT (0056 GMT)
HONOLULU (AP) -- Forgea's not so sure she wants to be rescued.
Fishermen sent to retrieve the frightened dog left alone for almost three weeks aboard a burned-out tanker tried to coax the 2-year-old mixed breed terrier Monday with peanut butter, using the Mandarin phrase for "Come here," a salvage company spokesman said.
Crew members from two fishing vessels that reached the tanker Insiko 1907 on Sunday boarded the derelict ship, but Forgea, who spent 19 days without company after the tanker's crew was rescued by a passing cruise ship, keeps scampering away, said Rusty Nall of American Marine Corp., the company hired to find the ship and rescue the dog.
"She keeps going down below decks and hiding," said Nall. "The crew can't go down below decks because of ... the condition of the ship."
A fire had killed one Insiko crew member and destroyed parts of the ship.
"Forgea has been alone for nearly three weeks, so it is natural that she's a little wary of the rescuers," said Hawaiian Humane Society President Pamela Burns on Monday. An announcement said the society is confident that Forgea would be taken aboard the fishing vessel later in the day.
Plans were to bring her to Honolulu when the ship returns next week.
Burns expressed thanks to the fishermen, adding "We are also thankful to all the people in Hawaii, the United States and the world who have expressed their support for this effort."
Forgea's owner, the Taiwanese captain, and the Chinese crew of the disabled Insiko were rescued by the Norwegian Star south of Hawaii on April 2. The Indonesian tanker had been without power or communications since the March 13 fire that crippled the ship.
The dog was left behind, and the Hawaiian Humane Society launched a $50,000 effort to save it. The ship was found on Saturday, 250 miles (400 kilometers) east of Johnston Island in the south Pacific. The island is 825 miles (1,325 kilometers) southwest of Honolulu.
I hope I don't get in trouble for posting this :o( | <urn:uuid:fdcc273e-82ad-479b-bcfc-e6eca749906f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cruisemates.com/forum/420751-post6.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00510-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972232 | 466 | 1.5 | 2 |
Home Page What role does professional development play as you pursue a graduate degree here at Marshall University? At what point is it appropriate to plan your career path, or hone the nexus of soft and hard skills you will need as a professional? Even if you’re just beginning your graduate studies, your professional life actually starts right now. As you develop your academic and intellectual skills in the classroom, in the lab, or in the field, consider how your discipline relates to your community, to other cultures, to the environment or the global economy. Find opportunities to connect with your peers, mentors, professionals in your field, faculty, consumers, small business owners, community leaders, and educators. Then throughout the academic year, Graduate Professional Development (GPD) at Marshall University gives graduate students access to resources, cross-disciplinary collaboration opportunities, career planning workshops, and networking events. As you professionalize through participation in the GPD events, you will also have opportunities to establish meaningful, long-term connections with graduate students from a wide variety of disciplines. By forming cross-disciplinary friendships and partnerships, you will learn how to inhabit the perspectives of others, collaborate, develop insights, and deploy your critical thinking skills to solve complex problems in your community and across the globe. | <urn:uuid:9f960282-ef28-479d-9d96-b2fc3054c21a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.marshall.edu/gpd/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.943206 | 253 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Let's make a difference this February 2011. GoKids, together with the community, will be sponsoring 120 places for disadvantaged teenagers and their parents, with 80 places open to the public for all parents and teenagers.
At GoKids, we believe that every child should have the right to strive for excellence. As part of GoKids ongoing support of our community, we would like to run a seminar especially for teenagers who are from a disadvantaged group in the community and who do not have access to personal development seminars
Why are we doing this? We would like to provide an opportunity and avenue for all teenagers to learn the skills to channel their energies constructively into the things that matter most to their success. Let’s help them to find PURPOSE in life, and find FOCUS and MOTIVATION in what they do.
Disadvantaged Teenagers that will be sponsored by GoKids will be from areas such as:
• Families who have experienced substance abuse
• Divorced families
• Single parent families with no support for a parent and child relationship
• Teenagers who are homeless, but have families to go back to.
Please help us help the kids:
To the general public, we need your assistance. Please help us help the children by sponsoring them. You can do so by selecting "Donation" from the ticket section, and feel free to specify any amount you would like to donate. As a thank you for your donation, we will have your name listed below the page as a Thank You for your donation, for helping us helping the teenagers and their family find PURPOSE in life, and find FOCUS and MOTIVATION in what they do.
We welcome suggestions from the public as to which organisation we should approach to invite the disadvantaged teenagers. Contact us on [email protected] or call Lay-Ean Eng on (02) 9881 5890 or 0409 223 282
For more information of GoKids Make A Difference Seminar and to find out about our trainers for the day, please visit: http://gokidsmakeadifference.eventbrite.com/ or http://www.gokidsworkshop.com.au.
For Further Information:
Lay-Ean Eng – GoKids Founder
Telephone: 02 9881 5890
Mobile: 0409 223 282
E-Mail: [email protected]
GoKids specialises in the delivery of programs that advance the development of the Emotional Competencies of students.
Our aim is to encourage students to be successful, healthy and respectful in the classroom and beyond. Our focus is a happy and balanced child, and one who is motivated, excited and successful in his or her endeavour in life. Let them learn the skills now and practice them throughout their schooling, in the workforce and beyond....It is never too early to start!!
P: (02) 9881 5890 | <urn:uuid:f0c52055-6bc1-4df2-b89d-233755b12107> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.newsmaker.com.au/news/6708/lets-make-a-difference-this-february | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00322-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937872 | 595 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Iconic cafe faces uncertain future
By Andrea Comas
After 124 years Madrid’s historic Café Gijón is facing uncertainty. The lease on the establishment’s popular terrace has expired and Madrid’s City Hall has put it on offer to the highest bidder. It just may be another sad story of how the crisis is ravaging Spain.
The Café Gijón opened in 1888 and soon became an important meeting place for intellectuals of the time, like Santiago Ramon y Cajal, Ramon Valle-Inclan, Pio Baroja. Later Nobel laureate Camilo Jose Cela became a regular and his book “The Hive” was inspired by the café. Throughout its history, the “tertulias” or, gatherings of leading artistic, cultural and political people, have never ceased. Currently the café is frequented by contemporary writers such as Francisco Umbral and Arturo Perez-Reverte among others.
When our TV crew told us they planned to do a story about Café Gijon, I was reminded of the first time my father took me there for dinner with acquaintances. He told me it was a very famous café where intellectuals had their gatherings and debates. I can’t recall ever having seen anything like that. But in my imagination the Café Gijón became something symbolic, something special. It was as if you received a dose of culture just by entering.
A few days ago I was back at the Café Gijón, this time without my father but with my cameras. Hardly anyone was inside, just a smattering of female civil servants drinking their mid-morning coffee at the bar, and a few foreigners led there by their guide books. The light streaming in through the windows created a nice atmosphere, but there was no hint of the famous tertulias.
I took some pictures and waited until lunchtime, when the “problematic” terrace would be filled with people. Compared with the interior of the café, to me the terrace seemed almost vulgar. But I guess the sun is more attractive than the decadent air of the café. Just as I was about to leave, and thanks to a patron, I noticed a small plaque outside the entrance which was worth a picture. When I thanked the woman for pointing it out, she told me that she had been coming to a “tertulia” every Friday for the past 32 years. Immediately a light went off in my head and I asked her for the time of the meetings. Mercedes, that was her name, told me that in less than half an hour. I asked her to let me stay with them to take some pictures.
Soon men and women, some quite old, started arriving. In total there were around 13 people. Jose Barcena, a waiter who has been working there for years, helped them take their places around a long table in the basement of the restaurant. Many of the men and women who assembled were painters and writers. I was very excited and felt a renewal of the excitement I had so many years ago when I first visited the café with my father. It was just what I had imagined when I read novels that talked about Café Gijón.
I was surrounded by intellectual people, a scarce breed that takes the time to talk and debate outside the rush of today’s society. The “tertulianos” insisted that I stay for the lunch, at their invitation. They said they needed young blood! I apologized saying I had to go and pick up my son, but in reality I was dying to stay and prolong this sneak peak as an observer to days gone by. On the other hand, I felt shame. “What could I possibly contribute to this gathering? Are there still talented people of my generation eager to gather and debate?” | <urn:uuid:fc30f617-03db-4de2-a23a-6f8a551a1934> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blogs.reuters.com/photographers-blog/2012/03/22/iconic-cafe-faces-uncertain-future/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00094-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.986475 | 794 | 2.03125 | 2 |
WASHINGTON — Tens of thousands of people from across the nation gathered on the Mall yesterday to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the March on Washington and to rally for what they believe is the unfinished business of the civil-rights movement.
On a sunny day, the throng assembled around the base of the Lincoln Memorial — where Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his iconic “I Have a Dream” speech — and listened to speakers implore them to become active participants, not bystanders, in the quest for racial equality and harmony.
Rep. John Lewis, D-Ga., the only speaker from the 1963 march still alive, fired up yesterday’s crowd by exhorting them to fight against the Supreme Court’s decision in June that struck down a key provision of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
“I gave a little blood on that bridge in Selma, Ala.,” he told the crowd, referring to the 1965 “ Bloody Sunday” march in which protesters were brutally beaten on Selma’s Edmund Pettus Bridge. “I got arrested 40 times during the ’60s, beaten and left bloodied and unconscious. ... But I’m not tired. I am ready to fight and continue to fight, and you must fight.”
Attorney General Eric Holder echoed his sentiments, saying yesterday’s event was “about far more than reflecting on our past.”
“This morning, we must affirm that this struggle must, and will, go on in the cause of our quest for justice — until every eligible American has the chance to exercise his or her right to vote, unencumbered by discriminatory or unneeded procedures or practices. It must go on until our criminal-justice system can ensure that all are treated equally and fairly in the eyes of the law."
The National Park Service, which is in charge of the Mall, doesn’t provide crowd-size estimates. In their planning for the event, District of Columbia officials said they were expecting at least 700 55-passenger charter buses from out of town. Hilary Shelton, director of the NAACP’s Washington bureau, estimated that more than 100,000 people were on the Mall by noon.
Emma Daniels, 70, wore a cap adorned with buttons from the 1963 march. Standing under a shady tree with her family, Daniels pointed to where she and other members of Augusta, Ga.’s Tabernacle Baptist Church stood 50 years ago when they rode the bus to Washington.
“I wanted my children to have the same feeling that I had — change,” said Daniels, who now lives in Lorton, Va. “We came out here to march for change; we can’t stay home. We’ve seen a lot of change; we’re going forward. It’s slow, but we’re moving forward.”
Daniels said she noticed a different atmosphere than what she experienced in the Aug. 28, 1963, march. She said she remembers an air of tension then, mainly because many of the marchers that day had traveled to Washington through a segregated South and feared being stopped by inhospitable law-enforcement officers along the way.
“This is so much more relaxed than when we came up — like a family reunion,” she said.
Melanie Marshall, 34, Daniels’ daughter, said the event gave her a greater appreciation for the right to assemble.
“In Egypt, people are fighting and killing each other in the street,” she said. “We’re lucky to be able to come together like this, in a peaceful way.”
Amber Brown, 43, made the five-hour drive from Raleigh, N.C., with her two children because she wanted her children to learn about “American history and the fact that there are people who fought and died to give them the opportunity to do whatever they want to do and be whatever they want to be.” | <urn:uuid:08ec6198-c0a2-450e-9610-7c4b5b49f35c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/national_world/2013/08/25/march-anniversary-brings-calls-for-activism.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00192-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970103 | 834 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Speckle activity images based on the spatial variance of the phase
We propose the display of the local spatial variance of the temporal variations of the phase as an activity descriptor in dynamic speckle images. The spatial autocorrelation of the speckle intensity is calculated in sliding windows, and an estimation of the variance of the phase variations in each region of the sample is determined. The activity images obtained in this way depict some interesting features and in some cases they could be related to physical magnitudes in the samples. A simulation is presented, and examples corresponding to usual study cases are also shown, namely, fruit bruising and paint drying. | <urn:uuid:737991cc-7cfe-4b4f-b8ea-f29d0302830f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://digital.cic.gba.gob.ar/items/4db8ffcc-3805-4f1b-bd10-99fed75d31e9 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.917109 | 132 | 1.507813 | 2 |
- ASE Yorkshire on Twitter
- Have you seen the ‘Practical Action’ website?
They are a development charity involved in using science & technology to improve the lives of some of the world’s poorest people. They have programmes including energy, housing, transport, agriculture, water & sanitation. The website contains many examples of developments that can be included in science lessons.
- Primary Science Quality Mark
Information for Schools | <urn:uuid:3677983c-f661-45d0-a288-bc2d596619a2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ase.org.uk/ase-regions/yorkshire/links/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00125-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.926971 | 89 | 2.453125 | 2 |
People don’t invest in the stock market because of a perceived ‘risk’- their minds immediately jump back to the Great Recession or even the Great Depression. And then from that position of fear, they decide their money is better left in a nice and familiar savings account- except this is an instance where slow and steady doesn’t win the race. It turns out that one of the biggest, actual risks to your money is not investing at all, in an attempt to avoid ‘risk’ from the stock market. Listen as we cover some popular perceived risks and then the real risks associated with investing in the stock market.
- Check out Andrew and his team over at Secret Hopper!
- If you don’t know where to start in what actual funds to purchase, then look no further than Vanguard’s VTSAX or Fidelity’s FZROX.
During this episode we each enjoyed a Center of the Sun IPA by Civil Society Brewing which you can find on Untappd. A special thanks to our good buddy Pat with B10 union for donating this beer to the show! And if you enjoyed this episode, be sure to subscribe and give us a quick review in Apple Podcasts, Castbox, or wherever you get your podcasts- we’d love to hear from you.
Best friends out! | <urn:uuid:026e348a-0510-4523-9611-e38dfd53a77b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.howtomoney.com/but-isnt-stock-investing-risky/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.941449 | 284 | 1.65625 | 2 |
When mosquitoes test positive for West Nile virus in some North Texas cities you may not see spray trucks on city streets.
Colleyville had four different mosquito pools that tested positive for the virus, but city officials said they won't spray until there's a human case.
Three of the positive test results came from the Windview Estates near Cheek-Sparger Road. Henry Camperlengo lives in the neighborhood and said he puts on bug spray when he goes out.
"Yes, it concerns me, but I don't know what, other than to protect myself with the insect repellent, I can do," said Camperlengo.
Despite guidelines from the Tarrant County Public Health Department regarding when to spray when there's a West Nile-positive mosquito, Colleyville and a handful of other cities don't.
Many wait until there's a human case, and a Colleyville spokesperson said that's how many residents want it.
Dr. Joon Lee, with the University of North Texas Health Science Center, said spraying "helps."
"We just don't know how much it helps," he said. "The question is always when to spray"
Colleyville uses a larvicide program that involves placing larvicide briquettes in standing pools of water. The larvicide has the same result as spraying, and that's eliminating mosquitoes.
Camperlengo prefers that method over seeing spraying trucks in his neighborhood.
"I think that the spraying probably kills just as many beneficial insects as it does dangerous insects," he said. | <urn:uuid:4020b8bf-2dc9-4a9d-88e3-331891722efb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nbcdfw.com/news/health/Cities-Opt-Not-to-Spray-Despite-West-Nile-Results-269152151.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00509-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972113 | 327 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Term Deposit / Special Term Deposit Account
Term Deposit is a basic time deposit scheme in which Company can deposit funds for specified maturity periods and earn higher rate of interest.
Features of Term Deposit Accounts
- Minimum Amount : ZAR 10,000. Maximum: no limit
- Term varies from 1 month to 60 months
- Choose your maturity date and invest
- Earn fixed interest rate for entire term of the deposit
- No monthly transactional fees
- Interest is paid monthly/ quarterly/ half-yearly or on maturity
- Early withdrawal of funds is not allowed except under extreme circumstances as a matter of discretion but with penalty fees
- Funds on maturity will be handled as per your instructions.
- Automatic renewal facility on due date for a similar period as the original period as rate prevailing on due date
- For emergency needs, avail easy loans (Loan up to 90% is given with small interest spread)
Features of Special Term Deposit Accounts
- Higher rates of interest on the following special term deposits:
- 333-days Deposit
- 555-days Deposit
- 999-days Deposit
- Minimum amount: ZAR 25,000. Maximum: no limit
- Quarterly compounding of interest
- Interest is paid on maturity only
Please click on Interest rates for detail of interest rates in Term Deposit Account / Special Term Deposit Account.
Opening of Term Deposit Accounts
Customers can give instructions to Johannesburg branch for opening of Term deposit accounts. Retail customers can also open Term Deposit Accounts themselves by using internet banking facility.
Opening of Term Deposit Accounts (e-TDR) through internet banking
Retail customers can open Term Deposit Accounts (e-TDR) by using internet banking facility. The facility is available under the option ‘Services’ at Bank’s internet banking site. Customers can also choose various options for proceeds of Term Deposit amount on maturity – Credit the principal and interest amount in SB account, Renew the principal amount and credit the interest in SB account, Renew the Term deposit with principal and interest amount. | <urn:uuid:4df3c19f-89d9-46f1-8758-4bddbd2c30ca> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.statebank.co.za/p-83/term-deposit-special-term-deposit-account | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00128-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.874664 | 418 | 1.6875 | 2 |
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Part 1 – A video of a teaching instruction.
Part 2 – How to ask for directions, important sentences and questions.
Part 3 – Short cuts, and problems.
Information about Some Interesting Places to visit in Spanish Speaking countries
To help you read, listen and repeat important words, questions and answers for everyday situations. This Will allow you to be confident while travelling to a Spanish speaking country. Also downloadable. | <urn:uuid:873d8e83-3799-41cb-bbae-3602d0b75439> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://cls-spanish.com/downloads/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00124-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.899958 | 94 | 2.75 | 3 |
Payam Feili was born in 1985 in Kermanshah, a city in western Iran which was a war front during the eight-year Iran-Iraq war. He began writing poetry when he was in his early teens. His first book, The Sun’s Platform, was published when he was nineteen. The book was subject to heavy censorship by the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance and his works have since then been banned from publication.
In 2006 Payam’s first novel, Tower and Pond, and a short-story collection titled Crimson Emptiness and Talking Waters were published in Persian by e-publisher Lulu in the United States. I Will Grow, I Will Bear Fruit . . . Figs was published by Gardoon Publishers in Germany. His other works include the novel Son of the Cloudy Years and a collection of poems titled Hasanak, both published outside Iran. | <urn:uuid:dd90ddac-270c-4e53-abf1-3ab5533d6fa1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.wordswithoutborders.org/contributor/payam-feili | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00509-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.990826 | 185 | 1.585938 | 2 |
While reading through some topics here, an Idea struck me,
I don't know what the ACS does exactly, I know they are a cooperative and advocacy group for cheese producers,
but I think there are some needs for the US cheesemaking industry
Specifically, small cheesemaking companies is a recent phenomenon in this country. There is not a whole lot of infrastructure in place, and not a whole lot of support underneath. COmpare this especially to France and Switzerland, where there is a great deal of such infrastructure.
I don't know how it works in France, but in Switzerland you have a large network of schools cooperating with the local producers to train cheesemakers, you have lobbying groups that protect their rights at the Cantonal and Federal level, and you have a number of private firms that exist to experiment, to inspect and advise companies on everything from cleanliness to efficient layout and operation.
I think what we need right now, facing government review, is organizations run neither by cheesemakers nor the government that experiment, observe, test, and determine what is and what is not good practice. Such organizations would be invaluable in setting policy, and also for helping us as cheesemakers to understand what is and is not good practice.
Remember the 5k plus year tradition in the alps, but also remember this comes with considerable training and is backed by a great deal of know-how. In my opinion, Americans are trying to copy these practices but don't actually understand them. It would do us good to have an infrastructure in place to increase our understanding.
If this were the case, we would have considerably more strength to negotiate with the government -we would be able to negotiate from a point of experience and science, which is the only way we are going to win this fight. | <urn:uuid:123285c7-c003-4889-ad9e-0047b7e260ba> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://cheeseforum.org/forum/index.php/topic,12750.0/prev_next,prev.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00567-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979681 | 367 | 1.90625 | 2 |
How to adjust the steering wheel?
Adjusting your steering wheel is important for safety and comfort on the road. It’s easy to do, too. Just follow these steps:
Find the adjustment lever located under the steering column.
Pull the lever down.
Adjust the steering wheel to your desired position (it moves up and down, as well as in or out).
Return the lever to its previous position.
Double check the steering wheel is locked and won’t move up or down.
Have a car question? Get free advice from our top-rated mechanics.
Our certified mechanics come to you ・Backed by 12-month, 12,000-mile guarantee・Save up to 30% | <urn:uuid:155029e3-4a1c-465e-abf9-3c9f09f09917> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.yourmechanic.com/question/how-to-adjust-the-steering-wheel | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00063-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.930533 | 149 | 2.03125 | 2 |
The kurdish question will exacerbate relations between the us and Turkey against the backdrop of war in syria. Knowing about the approval of the american coalition plans to release raqqa, with the participation of kurdish groups, Ankara can retaliate. If the americans during the liberation of raqqa will count on the kurdish forces, it can damage relations of the United States and Turkey, says the journal "Foreign policy". The United States plans to release of militants "Ig" (banned in russia), the syrian city of raqqa include participation in the operations of people's protection units (ypg). Previously, Washington has supported these kurdish units from the air. In addition, the kurds have received weapons from the americans. Ankara looks negatively on participation in coalition operations of the kurds.
Turkey considers the ypg linked to the "Kurdistan workers 'party", and this organization on the territory of Turkey is declared a terrorist. His negative attitude to the participation of the kurds in Turkey to hide. Prime minister binali yildirim said, referring to the ypg, the cooperation of Washington with "Terrorist organizations" would seriously damage bilateral relations. However, we cannot say that the turks are ready to announce certain measures, thereby giving a response to Washington. On the other hand, resembles a "Foreign policy", Ankara has long had a leverage over american regional policy. Here are a number of measures which could be taken by the turks and that it is not like the us would be:— close to the american air force access to airfields in the South: from there are made sorties of U.S. Aircraft striking at terrorist positions;— to expand cooperation with Moscow. On the last point, an extended commentary, note, the edition does not.
It is clear that the situation in the middle east, two states (Turkey and russia) closer together, albeit forced. And this convergence, which is manifested in the economic format, could mean in the future geopolitical strengthening of both countries, which in turn will weaken the us position in the region. Americans have long not like that Turkey claims to be one of the most powerful regional leaders, and the kurdish issue in Syria focuses for a reason: the kurdish issue, both external and internal, is one of the most sensitive turkish issues. The Pentagon sees the kurdish force as the most capable in syria. Analysts in the us soberly assess the situation and believe that without the participation of the kurdish forces of the liberation from militants of raqqa is hardly possible. Most interesting is that the turks, who are against the participation of kurds protest, offered the americans a variant: to use instead of the ypg the turkish army, and to it add the "Syrian rebels".
The us defense department over such ideas laugh. Obviously, the issue of operation storm raqqa will be allowed from day to day. As suggested by "Foreign policy", the white house will not pull the cat's tail because of raqqa, the stronghold of the bearded militants, has long been a focus of violent terrorism that plagued the West. Delay Trump will not forgive. "In raqqa planned terrorist acts in paris, brussels and various areas of Turkey," — said the publication the diplomat fred hof (usa). Therefore, the farther the Washington postpones the operation to storm the city, the greater the chances of militants in the planning of countermeasures. As for the kurds, the head of the ypg recently stated that the operation to liberate raqqa will start in april.
According to him, the fighters of the ypg will participate in the assault on the city, despite the objections of Ankara. We will remind, earlier in mass media it was reported that the majority of ISIS militants left the town: the terrorists moved to the province of deir ez-zor. I wrote about this Iranian publication, refers to well-informed syrian sources. According to the Iranian media, which leads "Interfax", currently the terrorists are digging trenches and building bunkers around raqqa. But most of the fighters (75%) fled from raqqa to deir ez-zor. Explanation this number is not given. Also, "Interfax" quotes cihan sheikh ahmad, the representative of the opposition alliance "Syrian democratic forces". She said that raqqa is already isolated from other parts of syria.
"Our forces pulled the encirclement of raqqa, she said. — we moved forward due to a more massive air support and military participation of the international coalition. ""In short time, we took full control of the countryside around raqqa and freed hundreds of villages and the strategic heights. From the east we reached the river euphrates and from the North-West of the dam on the euphrates river," said she network edition "Al-monitor". According to her, the liberation of the city will take "Months, certainly not years. "It should be noted that the basis of the "Syrian democratic forces" (sdf) constitute the kurdish people's defence.
Those, against whose participation in the transaction objected to Turkey. Analysts also wrote that raqqa has become a real bone of contention. Alexander szarkowski in "Nezavisimaya gazeta", explained that military forces of Turkey, acting in the operation "Shield of the euphrates", "Physically unable to participate in the assault on the city of al-raqqah". Therefore, most likely to take the city "From the militia of syrian kurdistan blow from the North with a simultaneous onslaught of Assad's forces and the shiite militias from the South. ""Just look at the map to understand the absurdity of appeared statements about the intention of Ankara to participate in the conquest of al-raqqa. For such actions of the turkish contingent in Northern Syria, which now numbers men, the number of military equipment and armament can be equated to a mechanized infantry brigade of the incomplete composition, is too small.
Here Turkey will need at least an order of magnitude more troops. Even if to abstract from this fact, still shot from the el-baba through manbij means that turks must penetrate the territory controlled by the syrian kurdish militias to a depth of about 170 km, with the crossing of the euphrates and the necessity to have the barriers right and left in the direction of motion, in order to protect his troops from the flank attacks of the kurdish partisans. At the same time the turks in the rear are all the same unfriendly they, the kurds," writes the analyst. That's why we add the U.S. Military and the turkish laugh at the idea of "Replacement" of the kurds during the assault on raqqa on the turkish units and the syrian "Rebels. " Ankara says a lot, but it is unlikely such plans are implemented. Successful liberation of raqqa and the kurds and the coalition will lead to more gain in the region of the kurds and will give an extra point usa.
Erdogan will have a bitter pill to swallow. Surveyed and commented oleg chuvakin — especially for topwar. Ru.
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Mikhail Pogrebinsky, a Kiev political analyst, suggested that President Poroshenko by condoning the transport blockade of Donbass by Nazis, which he then legalized, gets rid of the Donbass, using Semenchenko and parasuco. He can't...
Postmaydannoy Ukraine continues to fall, to fall into the abyss, and nobody knows where at the precipice of the bottom. The barbaric shelling of Donbass, the mass burning of people in Odessa, the destruction of monuments, the ban ... | <urn:uuid:7c3b66cf-e868-4405-af7e-af6a82c6c276> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://weaponews.com/analytics/4078-erdogan-will-not-take-raqqa.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.948038 | 1,671 | 1.757813 | 2 |
What does the name Amzie mean? The meaning of the name Amzie is Strength. The origin of the name Amzie is Hebrew. This is the culture in which the name originated, or in the case of a word, the language.
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Name Notes: Female derivative of the name Amaziah. | <urn:uuid:b2e061c1-3938-4948-bc3b-fe6d2188790f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.babynames.com/baby-names/Amzie | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00274-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.877998 | 79 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Independent specialisation of myosin II paralogues in muscle vs. non-muscle functions during early animal evolution: a ctenophore perspective
© Dayraud et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012
Received: 2 April 2012
Accepted: 14 June 2012
Published: 2 July 2012
Myosin II (or Myosin Heavy Chain II, MHCII) is a family of molecular motors involved in the contractile activity of animal muscle cells but also in various other cellular processes in non-muscle cells. Previous phylogenetic analyses of bilaterian MHCII genes identified two main clades associated respectively with smooth/non-muscle cells (MHCIIa) and striated muscle cells (MHCIIb). Muscle cells are generally thought to have originated only once in ancient animal history, and decisive insights about their early evolution are expected to come from expression studies of Myosin II genes in the two non-bilaterian phyla that possess muscles, the Cnidaria and Ctenophora.
We have uncovered three MHCII paralogues in the ctenophore species Pleurobrachia pileus. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the MHCIIa / MHCIIb duplication is more ancient than the divergence between extant metazoan lineages. The ctenophore MHCIIa gene (PpiMHCIIa) has an expression pattern akin to that of "stem cell markers" (Piwi, Vasa…) and is expressed in proliferating cells. We identified two MHCIIb genes that originated from a ctenophore-specific duplication. PpiMHCIIb1 represents the exclusively muscular form of myosin II in ctenophore, while PpiMHCIIb2 is expressed in non-muscle cells of various types. In parallel, our phalloidin staining and TEM observations highlight the structural complexity of ctenophore musculature and emphasize the experimental interest of the ctenophore tentacle root, in which myogenesis is spatially ordered and strikingly similar to striated muscle formation in vertebrates.
MHCIIa expression in putative stem cells/proliferating cells probably represents an ancestral trait, while specific involvement of some MHCIIa genes in smooth muscle fibres is a uniquely derived feature of the vertebrates. That one ctenophore MHCIIb paralogue (PpiMHCIIb2) has retained MHCIIa-like expression features furthermore suggests that muscular expression of the other paralogue, PpiMHCIIb1, was the result of neofunctionalisation within the ctenophore lineage, making independent origin of ctenophore muscle cells a likely option.
Myosins are a tremendously diverse family of actin-binding ATP-dependent molecular motors that appeared and diversified early during eukaryotic evolution [1–5]. All myosins share a homologous myosin head domain containing the ATPase and actin-binding activities, while particular combinations of additional domains define the various myosin “classes” or “types”. In their recent comprehensive analyses of myosin diversity, Odronitz and Kollmar identified 35 myosin classes at the eukaryote scale, of which 3 were present in the last common eukaryotic ancestor. The most intensively studied myosins, class-II myosins (also called “conventional myosins”, myosin II, or MHCII) are characterised by the insertion of a glycin (at position 507) in the head domain, the presence of a SH3 domain N-terminal to the head domain, and a long C-terminal tail mostly comprised of a coiled-coil domain. Class II myosins originated in unikonts, i.e. eukaryotes ancestrally bearing a single flagellum or no flagellum, including the amoebozoans, fungi and holozoans (e.g. choanoflagellates and multicellular animals or Metazoa) .
Myosin II is a phylogenetically well-defined and diversified class , to which notably belong the well-known myosins that provide the physical force for muscle contraction in animals. Beyond these crucial functions in animal muscle cells, a wide range of non-muscle myosin II functions is documented. Myosin II is for example involved in amoeboid motility in the unicellular life stage of the amoebozoan Dictyostelium discoideum. In metazoans, various myosin II proteins play pivotal roles in cytokinesis [8, 9], cell migration [10–12], cell-cell adhesion [12, 13], or cell polarity [11, 14, 15]. Therefore, myosins II regulate fundamental aspects of cellular shape morphology [16–18], cytokinesis , cell differentiation [20, 21] and more generally, many aspects of cellular behaviour . Whatever the context (muscle or non-muscle), MHCII are integrated within macromolecular complexes notably through direct interaction with smaller proteins called “myosin light chains” (MLC) (which lack a head domain).
Previous analyses of myosin II proteins in bilaterian animals have recognised two phylogenetic groups, the first containing genes expressed in smooth muscle cells and in non-muscle cells, while genes of the second group are specifically expressed in striated (skeletal or cardiac) muscle cells [2, 23]. This major dichotomy has been thought to reflect independent evolutionary origin from non-muscle cells for each major type of muscle cells, i.e. smooth muscle cells and striated muscle cells [1, 24], through independent co-option of different myosin II paralogues. However, this suggestion was based on data from bilaterian animals only and remained highly speculative.
Outside from the bilaterian clade, muscle cells are present in two animal phyla, Cnidaria and Ctenophora, and this cell type is classically viewed as a synapomorphy (shared derived character) of the Eumetazoa (Cnidaria + Ctenophora + Bilateria), together with nerve cells. Most cnidarian muscle cells are in fact multifunctional myoepithelial cells , integrated within the ectoderm and endoderm , although there are some reported instances of mesogleal muscle cells in cnidarians [27–30]. The myoepithelial cell of cnidarians typically comprises a contractile portion (the muscle fibre or myoid) attached to a globular cellular body involved in other functions (e.g. body protection, glandular secretion, fluid circulation through ciliary beating, etc.) . In contrast, ctenophores are commonly considered to have true muscle cells, i.e. their muscle fibres lack a cellular body with filament-free cytoplasm ( but see for an alternative point of view). In addition, part of the ctenophore musculature is located in the mesoglea and develops from a mesodermal-like germ layer [33, 34]. Therefore, comparative studies using ctenophores have a great potential for improving our understanding of the early evolution of muscle cells and muscular protein families.
The phylogenetic position of ctenophores is still debated. Some recent phylogenomic analyses have placed them as the sister group to all other metazoans [35, 36], but this result was probably due to an artefact of long-branch attraction [37–39]. According to the phylogenomic analyses of Philippe et al., ctenophores and cnidarians form a coelenterate clade, sister-group to the bilaterians, within monophyletic Eumetazoa.
We studied the expression of three paralogous class II myosin (MHCII) genes in the adult of the cydippid ctenophore Pleurobrachia pileus. In parallel, the complex organisation of muscle fibres throughout the Pleurobrachia pileus body was investigated using phalloidin staining to help understand the gene expression patterns. One of the MHCII paralogues was specifically expressed in muscle cells (parietal and mesogleal) while the other two had non-muscle expression. Several evolutionary scenarios are proposed to interpret the ctenophore MHCII expression data in light of our reconstruction of the MHCII gene phylogeny and of the known functions of bilaterian MHCII genes.
Adult specimens of Pleurobrachia pileus were collected in Villefranche-sur-Mer and in Roscoff (France) between March and June using specific plankton nets. They were kept at 16°C in filtered natural seawater, under continuous water circulation and fed daily with Artemia nauplii.
Blast searches and phylogenetic analyses
MHCII sequences were retrieved by TBLASTN searches using Mus musculus MHCII sequences on two Pleurobrachia pileus transcriptome assemblies: (i) Phrap assembly of a collection of about 36 000 ESTs, sequenced from animals collected in Villefranche-sur-Mer (France) by the Sanger method at the Genoscope (Evry, France) (see for details), and publicly available in dbEST (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucest?term=pleurobrachia) and (ii) Newbler assembly of one run of 454 sequencing of total RNA extracted from mixed embryonic, larval, and adult stages with starting material obtained from Roscoff (France).
The alignment was constructed using published sequences and sequences retrieved by TblastN searches on public databases for a representative taxon set. Sequences were aligned using MUSCLE . Ambiguous regions of the alignment were removed using Gblocks . The initial alignment (before removal of ambiguously-aligned regions) is provided in Additional file 1. This alignment contains the head domain of several myosins belonging to classes other than class II (outgroups). After pruning of ambiguously-aligned sites, two final sub-alignments were extracted to take into account the absence of sequence data for the head domain in one of the ctenophore sequences (PpiMHCIIb2): (i) a first alignment containing the outgroup sequences (non-class II myosins). The PpiMHCIIb2 gene was excluded from this alignment because its partial sequence contains only the tail and therefore it has no alignable residues with non-class II myosins (alignment in Additional file 2; resulting tree shown in Additional file 3); (ii) a second alignment, in which non-class II myosin sequences have been eliminated, thus allowing inclusion of PpiMHCIIb2 (Alignment in Additional file 4; resulting tree, rooted on ameobozoan MHCII, shown in Figure 3). Maximum-likelihood analyses were performed using the PhyML program , with the WAG model of amino-acid substitution and a BioNJ tree as the input tree. A gamma distribution with eight categories was used. The gamma shape parameter and the proportion of invariant sites were optimised during the searches. The statistical significance of the nodes was assessed by bootstrapping (1000 replicates).
In situ hybridisation
Adults were fixed at 4°C in 4% paraformaldehyde in 50% seawater and 50% PBST (10 nM Na2HPO4, 150 nM NaCl, pH 7.5, 0.1% Tween 20), for 1 hour then washed three times in PBST and dehydrated through a graded series of ethanol and stored in methanol at −20°C. The in situ hybridisation (ISH) protocol was as described in but colour was developed with NBT/BCIP (Roche Diagnostics, Meylan, France). After ISH, samples were stained with DAPI (1 μg/mL) for 15 min to visualise DNA, and then washed 3 times for 15 min in PBST. Before mounting in Citifluor solution (Oxford instruments SAS, Saclay, France), animals were dissected. Longitudinal and transverse sections were performed to clarify the precise distribution of the gene expression patterns. For longitudinal views of the median expansion of the tentacle root, the lateral expansions were removed with forceps. Negative controls (with a sense probe and without any RNA probe) performed in parallel showed no staining after extensive revelation, except occasionally in a few isolated cells in the general epithelium (between adjacent comb rows, around the apical organ). For this reason, staining of isolated epithelial cells occasionally obtained with MHCII probes was not taken into account.
Animals were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in 50% seawater and 50% PBST for 30 min, at room temperature, then samples were washed several times in PBST, dehydrated through a graded series of ethanol and stored in methanol at −20°C. After re-hydration to PBS, samples were permeabilised with Triton-X100 (0,2% in PBS, then 0,01% in PBS, 10 min at room temperature). After blocking with 1% bovine serum albumin, samples were incubated with the rat monoclonal anti-tyrosylated α-tubulin or YL1/2 antibody (1:1000 dilution in PBS-Triton-X100 0.01%, BSA 1%), (Morphosys AbD Gmbh, Düsseldorf, Germany) for 4 hours at room temperature. After washing with PBS triton-X100 0.01%, samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with the Alexa Fluor 568 goat anti- rat IgG secondary antibody. Dilutions of primary and secondary antibodies were made using 1X PBS containing 0.01% Triton-X100.
For phalloidin staining, specimens were not dehydrated after fixation. They were incubated for 45 min in a dilute Phalloidin-TRITC (Sigma-Aldrich, St-Quentin-Fallavier, France) solution (10 μg/ml in PBST) and rinsed three times in PBST. All specimens were finally stained with DAPI (1 μg/ml) for 15 min for DNA visualisation, and then washed three times for 15 min in PBST. They were micro-dissected and mounted in Citifluor solution (Oxford instruments SAS, Saclay, France).
EdU labelling of DNA-replicating cells
EdU (ethynyl deoxyuridine) is a thymidine analogue similar to the classical BrdU but quicker and easier to use . EdU incorporation assays were done using the Click-it EdU Alexa Fluor 488 Imaging Kit from Invitrogen (Cergy-Pontoise, France). The protocol was as described in . We performed 12 hours of pulse and no chase to visualise proliferating cells in the aboral region.
Sections for light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
Two types of sections (cryosection and ultra-thin section) were performed. For cryosectioning, tentacle roots extracted after whole mount ISH were incubated for two days in PBST 1X, 15% sucrose at 4°C, then for 2 hours in PBST 1X, 15% sucrose, 7.5% pig gelatine. Then, blocks were frozen at −65°C in 2-methyl-butan. Cryosectioning was done on a Leica CM3050 S cryostat or on a Jung Frigocut 2800E cryostat, at a thickness of 14 μm. Slices were mounted in Citifluor (Oxford instruments SAS, Saclay, France).
Pleurobrachia pileus living specimens for ultra thin sections were fixed for 10 minutes at room temperature in 3% glutaraldehyde, 0.1 M sodium cacodylate pH 7.3, 0.3 M sodium chloride, 0.05% OsO4 (modified after ). They were then transferred to the same solution without OsO4 for 2 hours. Specimens were then post-fixed for 1 hour in 1% OsO4, 1.5K-ferricyanide, 2.5% NaHCO3 pH 7.2 and 0.25 M sodium chloride (modified after ). Finally, material was dehydrated through an ethanol series, and embedded in Spurr. Sections were done using a Leica Ultracut R ultra-microtome, at a thickness of 60 nm for ultra thin sections.
Pictures of Pleurobrachia pileus entire specimen and tentacle root observed in toto were acquired on a stereo-microscope Olympus SZX12 using a Q-imaging QICAM with Image pro software (Mediacybernetics, Bethesda, MD). All fluorescence and DIC images were acquired on an Olympus BX61 microscope using a Q-imaging Camera with Image Pro plus software (Mediacybernetics, Bethesda, MD). To enhance some details, Higauss filter was used on some pictures (from Image Pro). TEM images were acquired on a Jeol JEM-1400 equipped with a Morada (SIS) camera at the “Centre Commun de Microscopie Appliquée” (CCMA) (Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté des Sciences, Nice).
Ancestral duplication of class II Myosin Heavy Chain genes in metazoans
By Blast searches on Pleurobrachia pileus ESTs and phylogenetic analyses we could identify three ctenophore Myosin Heavy Chain II genes (MHCII). Although these searches were conducted on relatively extensive transcriptomic data, and myosin genes are expected to be expressed at a high level, we cannot exclude the existence of additional paralogues in the Pleurobrachia pileus genome. Of these three identified Pleurobrachia pileus paralogues, one (PpiMHCIIa) falls in a clade containing all bilaterian MHCII genes expressed in smooth muscle cells and/or non-muscle cells (MHCIIa clade: blue colour in Figure 3), while the two remaining genes (PpiMHCIIb1 and PpiMHCIIb2) branch with bilaterian MHCII genes expressed in striated muscle cells (MHCIIb clade, highlighted in purple colour in Figure 3). We conducted two phylogenetic analyses with different outgroup gene samplings, providing essentially similar results: an analysis rooted using the MHCII sequence of the amoebozoan Dictyostelium discoideum (Figure 3) and another analysis, rooted with sequences of myosin classes V, VII and X (Additional file 3) (see Methods for explanations).
The presence of genes from ctenophore, cnidarians (Hydra magnipapillata and Nematostella vectensis) but also sponge (Amphimedon queenslandica) and placozoan (Trichoplax adhaerens) in both MHCII clades indicates that the duplication happened before the last common ancestor of metazoans. Other holozoans (Monosiga brevicollis, Salpingoeca rosetta, Capsaspora owczarzaki and Sphaeroforma arctica) each have one orthologue of MHCIIa but no MHCIIb gene, suggesting that the MHCIIa/MHCIIb duplication occurred in the last common ancestor of holozoans and was followed by independent MHCIIb losses in the various unicellular holozoan lineages. An alternative explanation could be that the duplication took place in a metazoan ancestor, but that sequences of MHCIIb are misplaced in the tree due to a higher subsequent sequence divergence. In vertebrates, the subdivision of MHCII genes into MHCIIa and MHCIIb orthology groups is clearly correlated with functional specialisation, MHCIIb genes being associated with striated muscle cells and MHCIIa genes being expressed in either non-muscle or smooth muscle cells. In addition, independent diversification within both groups occurred in vertebrates (Figure 3, Additional file 3). Finally, the two ctenophore MHCIIb paralogues PpiMHCIIb1 and PpiMHCIIb2 are quite divergent but they clearly originated from a ctenophore-specific duplication within the MHCIIb group (Figure 3).
The three MHCII paralogous genes are differentially expressed in the Pleurobrachia pileus tentacle root
The PpiMHCIIb1 gene is expressed in the differentiating muscle cells of the tentacle root. In internal view (Figure 4G), transcripts are detected in two neighbouring but disconnected regions, corresponding respectively to the muscle differentiation zones of the tentacle and of the tentillae: (i) two wide bands (M Tcl in Figure 4G) positioned on both sides of the median expansion; (ii) an additional domain towards the oral pole (M tt in Figure 4G), where the tentillae are produced. In the longitudinal view section, these two expression domains are also clearly distinct (Figure 4H), with the first here appearing as a wide fan-shaped stained area converging to the base of the tentacle (M tcl in Figure 4A”, H), in addition to a thin stripe located just above the median ridge (black arrowheads in Figure 4G-J). These two PpiMHCIIb1 expression domains are also shown in transverse section (sectioning planes indicated in Figure 4A): expression in differentiating muscle cells of the tentacle axis is visible on the two aboral-most sections (M tcl in Figure 4I and 4J) and expression in differentiating muscle cells of tentillae is visible on the two oral-most sections (M tt in Figure 4J and 4K).
This interpretation of PpiMHCIIb1 expression patterns in the tentacle root is supported by our TEM observations, which identify four distinct stages of tentacle muscle differentiation from stem cells to fully differentiated muscle cells (Figure 5B-E; summary drawing in transverse section in Figure 6). The first step corresponds to cell multiplication in the median ridge (Figure 5B and see EdU incorporation assays described in ). The 2nd step is represented by spindle-shaped mononucleate progenitors found laterally and aligned in an oblique orientation (Figure 5C-C’; light orange in Figure 6). These cells are connected to each other by cytoplasmic bridges (Figure 5C’, white arrowheads). A more advanced cell stage (step 3) is represented by multinucleated cells (up to 8 nuclei per cell counted), located closer to the symmetry plane of the tentacle root (Figure 5D; dark orange in Figure 6), indicating that progenitors have undergone cell fusion. These cells contain well-developed endoplasmic reticulum and many mitochondria, but are still devoid of myofilaments. Finally, mature muscle cells are observed in two symmetric and median bundles (red in Figure 6), externally surrounded by the two preceding less differentiated cell populations. These differentiated muscle cells are multinucleated and contain dense longitudinal myofilaments as well as many mitochondria (Figure 5E). The first expression domain of PpiMHCIIb1 described above closely matches the differentiation zone of tentacle muscle (orange colours in Figure 6), an interpretation also supported by the strong expression observed for the muscle differentiation marker gene Tropomyosin in exactly the same zone (Additional file 5).
The formation of tentillae is an independent process occurring at the oral pole of the tentacle root. The second domain of PpiMHCIIb1 expression (M tt in Figure 4G, H, J, K) corresponds to the production zone of the tentillae, and therefore the gene is also expressed in differentiating muscle cells of the tentillae. More aborally, PpiMHCIIb1 shows a striped pattern in the youngest formed tentillae (F tt in Figure 4H).
In the mature tentacular apparatus, PpiMHCIIb1 is expressed in the muscle masses housed within the tentillae, but not in those of the tentacle itself (Figure 4T: note the absence of staining in the tentacle, Tcl). In longitudinal and transverse sections of mature tentillae, PpiMHCIIb1 expression is seen in two parallel bundles corresponding to the position of muscle fibres (Figure 4U-X). These muscle bundles are separated by an unstained central nerve cord, revealed by counter-staining using the structural marker YL1/2 (anti-tyrosylated-α-tubulin antibody) (Figure 4W4X), known to stain nerve cells with high intensity in Pleurobrachia pileus. The expression pattern of PpiTropomyosin in the tentilla is identical to that of PpiMHCIIb1 (compare Additional file 5D with Figure 4V), supporting the muscular nature of PpiMHCIIb1-expressing cells. The fact that PpiMHCIIb1 and PpiTropomyosin genes (see Tcl in Additional file 5C) are expressed in the mature muscles of tentillae but not of the tentacle (although these genes are expressed in the differentiating muscle of both) indicates that these two kinds of contractile structures have muscle fibres of different types. It is therefore clear that in spite of their topological relationships, tentillae are not just ramifications of the tentacle but instead are original organs, both ontogenetically and structurally.
The expression pattern of the other MHCIIb paralogue PpiMHCIIb2 is sharply different from that of PpiMHCIIb1 in the tentacle root, as it seems to associate with neural cells instead of muscle cells. In internal and longitudinal views, PpiMHCIIb2 expression is visible as a thin stripe above the median ridge, which becomes broader at the aboral pole and does not reach the oral extremity (Figure 4L and M). In transverse sections, transcripts were detected in a median group of cells located between the two bundles of differentiated muscle cells (N tcl in Figure 4N and O). Counter-staining of these transverse sections using the anti-tyrosylated-α-tubulin antibody (YL1/2) reveals that the PpiMHCIIb2-expressing zone corresponds to a nerve plexus (Figure 4Q). A closer examination of this area reveals the presence of two symmetrical layers of nerve cells sandwiched between tentacle muscles (Figure 4R, Figure 6). This nerve plexus also runs through tentacle and tentillae (data not shown); it is depicted (white area and black line in the median expansion) in Figure 6.
Towards the oral pole, PpiMHCIIb2 is also expressed in the production zone of the tentillae (N tt and F tt in Figure 4M), in the form of a thin external stripe of positive cells at the interface between the lateral and median expansions (N tt in Figure 4O and P). YL1/2 and DAPI counterstaining reveal the presence of densely packed neural cells with small nuclei on a thin layer corresponding to the zone of PpiMHCIIb2 expression (Figure 4S, counterstaining of the region boxed in Figure 4P). At the level of the youngest formed tentillae, PpiMHCIIb2 is expressed in a striped pattern, probably corresponding to the nerve cords of each tentilla (Ftt on Figure 4M and N). However, mature tentillae do not show any PpiMHCIIb2 expression signal, suggesting that PpiMHCIIb2 is expressed in a sub-population of neural cells, or at a particular stage of neuron differentiation.
Other sites of PpiMHCIIa expression are associated with putative stem cells and proliferating progenitors
The PpiMHCIIa gene is strongly expressed in both female and male gonads. In Pleurobrachia pileus, eight meridional canals located under the eight comb rows contain the gonads in their walls. The male and female germlines are spatially segregated at both sides of each canal. Expression is observed in the entire female gonad (Figure 7B and B’) where young and mature oocytes as well as nurse cells are stained (Figure 7B”). In the male gonad, transcripts are restricted to spermatogenesis stages, in the most peripheral part of the gonad, while the internal-most part of the canal wall (corresponding to mature stages i.e. spermatozoids) is not stained (Figure 7B, B’). To conclude, PpiMHCIIa is expressed in the germ cells of Pleurobrachia pileus, at all stages of oogenesis and during spermatogenesis but not in mature spermatozoids.
Within the comb rows, PpiMHCIIa is expressed in the forming combs and at both extremities of the mature combs (Figure 7C-G’). Recognisable by their small size and characteristic position (see ), oral and aboral baby combs are entirely stained (Figure 7C, C’, D, D’, E). In mature combs, transcripts are restricted to two crescent shape areas at both extremities of each comb (Figure 7F, G). The observation of DAPI counter-staining indicates that positive cells possess a round nucleus with prominent nucleolus, whereas the unstained poster cells have elongated and twisted nuclei (Figure 7G’). These expression sites correspond to progenitors of the polster cells (ciliated cells of the combs) as identified in a previous work .
PpiMHCIIb1 is specifically expressed in various kinds of muscle cells
PpiMHCIIb1 is also expressed in mesogleal muscle fibres (Figure 9G-J). Strong PpiMHCIIb1 staining is notably observed in mesogleal muscle fibres attached to the meridional canals (Figure 9G, H). Some of the PpiMHCIIb1 expressing mesogleal fibres are shorter and connect the two paragastric canals to the mouth (Figure 9I, J). Phalloidin and DAPI staining confirmed that the mesogleal fibres are multinucleated (with elongated nuclei) (Figure 2F). These observations furthermore indicate that mesogleal muscle fibres are on average much thicker than parietal muscle fibres and are ramified at both extremities where they attach to the epidermis or to the meridional canals (Figure 2F).
Finally, our data on PpiMHCIIb1 expression provide interesting insights into the nature of an enigmatic type of fibres (here called “inter-comb fibres”) tightly associated with the combs (Figure 9K). These fibres are conspicuously stained with phalloidin and they extend medially from one comb to the following one, with shorter lateral fibres occurring only on the oral side of each comb (Figure 9K). These structures have been observed previously by Chun , erroneously interpreted as extensions of the polster cells in Hormiphora by Samassa , and more recently observed by Hernandez-Nicaise . Although they closely resemble muscle fibres in phalloidin-stained preparations, inter-comb fibres do not show any PpiMHCIIb1 expression and recent observations suggest that they do not contract following stimulation (L. Moroz, personal communication). Therefore, they are probably not muscular but could represent supporting fibres, possibly maintaining the mechanical cohesion of the comb row against the tension generated by comb beating.
Outside the tentacle root, PpiMHCIIb2 is expressed in various types of non-muscle cells
Moreover, PpiMHCIIb2 is also expressed in the female gonad (within the body walls of the meridional canals), but here the staining is restricted to growing oocytes and their surrounding nurse cells (Figure 10C-C’) unlike PpiMHCIIa which is expressed throughout the ovary (Figure 7B). Oocyte and nurse cells are known to belong to the same cell lineage [33, 62, 63]. Another site of PpiMHCIIb2 expression are the paragastric canals, where staining is restricted to particular clusters of cells (of unknown nature) on the edges of the canals (Figure 10D).
In addition, PpiMHCIIb2 has a complex expression pattern within mature combs, in (i) both lateral extremities of the comb (Figure 10E, E’), which might reflect PpiMHCIIb2 expression in polster cell stem cells/progenitors, (ii) a subterminal spot (star in Figure 10E’) and (iii) two small symmetrical groups of cells in the centre of each comb (Figure 10E’, black arrowhead). These latter two cell sub-populations have not been previously distinguished morphologically. A last expression site of PpiMHCIIb2 is observed in the ectodermal epithelium along the tentacular plane (white arrowheads in Figure 10E). This stripe of PpiMHCIIb2 expression is located close to the juxtatentacular nerve cord and of the longitudinal muscle expressing PpiMHCIIb1 and PpiTropomyosin (Figure 9C-E). However, the PpiMHCIIb2-expressing cells in this region are not muscle cells but round-shape epithelial cells of unclear nature (data not shown).
Discussion and conclusions
Conserved expression of MHCIIa genes in the germ line, in stem cells and in proliferating cells
The bilaterian orthologues of PpiMHCIIa are expressed in smooth muscle cells or in non-muscle cells [64–67]. Some of the vertebrate members of this group of myosin II are classically known for their role in the contractile activity of smooth muscle cells, but other members are essential for mitosis, in all cell lineages, being involved in the formation of the contractile ring during cytokinesis. Recent findings demonstrate that smooth/non-muscle myosin II also play an active role in various other cellular activities such as generation of cell polarity, cell migration and cell-cell adhesion (for a review see ). Moreover, a recent work based on specific inhibition of non-muscle myosins II demonstrated their involvement in self-renewal programmes in human and mouse pluripotent stem cells .
In Pleurobrachia pileus, the expression pattern of PpiMHCIIa is strikingly similar to that of the “stem cell markers”: Vasa Piwi Bruno and PL10 and the SOX genes PpiSOX2 and PpiSOX12. Its expression territories include the male and female gonads and several spatially restricted pools of stem cells / progenitors involved in somatic cell renewal, within the comb plates, aboral sensory complex and tentacle root. Expression of PpiMHCIIa throughout the ctenophore germ line (except in the most mature stages of spermatogenesis) suggests a conservative role for non-muscle myosin II (MHCIIa clade) in gametogenesis, as proposed in different studies of vertebrate meiotic chromosomes [69, 70]. In somatic territories, PpiMHCIIa is consistently expressed in the various populations of stem cells that were recently identified in the adult ctenophore using a combination of gene expression data and DNA-label incorporation and long-term retention assays . This is particularly obvious in the tentacle root, where PpiMHCIIa expression is restricted to the three parallel ridges known to house stem cells. It is furthermore significant that PpiMHCIIa expression in the tentacle root is not limited to muscle stem cells (located in the median ridge) but also includes the colloblast stem cells (in the lateral ridges), suggesting a link with stemness/undifferentiated state/cell proliferation rather than with muscle cell identity. This conclusion finds additional support from PpiMHCIIa expression in stem cell pools located at both extremities of the combs (and involved in renewal of the ciliated “polster cells”) as well as in the four internal stem cell pools previously identified around the apical organ.
When examined in detail, some aspects of the PpiMHCIIa expression pattern further suggest that beyond stem cells, this myosin is associated with cell proliferation, including in progenitors that are already committed to undergo differentiation. In the aboral sensory complex, after a 12 h EdU pulse and no chase, eight discrete patches of nuclei are labelled around the apical organ (in the proximal region of the polar fields) (Figure 7C-E” in and Figure 7A” in this paper). When a 5-day chase is added after the pulse, only four of these patches remain labelled. A likely explanation for this observation is that cells of the four other patches have become differentiated and therefore were proliferating progenitors but not stem cells. Whereas genes like Piwi and Vasa tend to have their transcripts highly concentrated in the four stem cell patches , PpiMHCIIa is equally expressed in eight patches whose position matches the eight labelled cell groups obtained after EdU pulse and no chase. PpiMHCIIa expression might also extend to proliferating progenitors in other tissues (tentacle root, combs) but the continuous spatial gradient of cell differentiation from stem cells in these tissues makes it more difficult to distinguish expression in stem cells vs. in progenitors. The suggestion that PpiMHCIIa expression is associated with all kinds of proliferating cells in Pleurobrachia pileus is consistent with its involvement in the movements of the contractile ring upon cytokinesis in bilaterian models.
Finally, whereas vertebrate smooth muscle cells express MHCIIa genes [64–67], in ctenophore PpiMHCIIa is apparently not expressed in muscle cells, even if all of them are said to be of the smooth type . The only case of PpiMHCIIa expression in a muscle cell lineage concerns the muscle progenitors along the median ridge of the tentacle root, but as explained above this has probably nothing to do with muscular identity but rather with stemness and/or cell proliferation.
Independent functional specialisation of MHCII myosins and the possible convergent origin of ctenophore muscles
At least some of the non-muscular functions played by MHCIIa proteins are certainly very ancient since myosins are cellular motors involved in various cellular processes (e.g. cytokinesis) throughout eukaryotes including members of unicellular lineages [71, 72]. The MHCIIa/MHCIIb duplication predated the divergence of sponges and placozoans and therefore occurred well before the origin of muscle cells, implying that both MHCII subfamilies were initially working in a non-muscular context. The ctenophore data furthermore suggest that MHCIIa genes were not involved in muscle contraction but had retained the plesiomorphic non-muscular expression in the last common ancestor of ctenophores and bilaterians, although muscle cells are generally thought to have been present in this ancestor ([37, 73]. Expression of some MHCIIa myosins in the smooth muscle cells of vertebrates is certainly the result of a late co-option event, in consistence with the idea that vertebrate smooth muscle cells were independently evolved [1, 24]. Accordingly, in scallop (a mollusc) smooth and striated muscles of the foot express two different splicing variants of the same MHCII gene, closely related to vertebrate striated muscle myosin II (MHCIIb) , indicating that functional specialisation of myosins according to muscle cell types (smooth vs. striated) occurred independently through different paths in different bilaterian lineages.
The expression of one of the ctenophore MHCIIb paralogues, PpiMHCIIb2, shows several striking similarities to that of PpiMHCIIa and other metazoan myosins of the MHCIIa subfamily. First, in contrast to the other paralogue PpiMHCIIb1 (expressed in muscle cells of any kind), PpiMHCIIb2 has strictly non-muscular expression. Like PpiMHCIIa, this gene is expressed in putative stem cells and/or progenitors cells at both extremities of the comb rows, and also in the germ line. Here PpiMHCIIb2 is expressed in a more restricted territory than PpiMHCIIa (i.e. only within large oocytes and their surrounding nurse cells in the ovary). This might reflect functional specialisation between PpiMHCIIa and PpiMHCIIb2 during gametogenesis, perhaps in cell proliferation for the former vs. formation of the cytoplasmic bridges that link the oocyte and the nurse cells (both deriving from common precursors [33, 63]) and/or cytoplasmic transport from the nurse cells to the oocyte, as documented for non-muscle myosin II in Drosophila oogenesis [75, 76], for the latter. Additionally, distinct subpopulations of nerve cells express PpiMHCIIb2 in at least two regions of the body: a nerve plexus in the symmetry plane of the tentacle root, and several territories in the epithelial floor of the apical organ, exactly matching the previously-reported distribution of anti-vasopressin immunoreactive neuro-sensory cells (see Figure 6D-F in ). This neural expression of PpiMHCIIb2 reminds the involvement of some MHCIIa genes in the nervous system of various vertebrates and Drosophila, where they promote synaptic vesicle assembly and movements through interactions with F-actin partners, neuronal migration, neuronal morphogenesis and growth cone motility [77–80].
The apparently odd MHCIIa-like expression pattern of PpiMHCIIb2 can be easily explained if ctenophore muscle cells evolved independently from those of cnidarians and bilaterians. Under this scenario, when the ctenophore lineage originated, the two single-copy genes MHCIIa and MHCIIb would have still retained the plesiomorphic non-muscular functions.
Then MHCIIb duplicated in ctenophores, and one of the resulting parologues (PpiMHCIIb1) underwent neofunctionalisation in the context of a newly-evolved type of contractile fibre cell. Yet it is possible to imagine alternative scenarios, not assuming independent muscle cell origins. If muscle cells emerged only once in a eumetazoan ancestor with MHCIIb correlatively becoming exclusively muscular, then the observed non-muscular expression of ctenophore PpiMHCIIb2 must be interpreted as derived, and we would face a unique and rather weird instance of a formerly muscular myosin having shifted to non-muscular function. Furthermore, in that case, shared expression features between PpiMHCIIb2 and PpiMHCIIa find no explanation and must be considered fortuitous. A last plausible scenario assumes that in the last common ancestor of Eumetazoa, MHCIIb had pleiotropic expression in both non-muscle cells (plesiomorphic role) and newly acquired muscle cells (apomorphic role). Then bilaterians lost the non-muscular MHCIIb expression, whereas in the ctenophore lineage the MHCIIb duplication was followed by functional specialisation of the two copies, one taking over the muscular function and the other the non-muscular roles, a scenario conforming to the duplication-degeneration-complementation model . It is finally quite clear that, albeit non-parsimonious with respect to the taxon phylogeny, the hypothesis of convergent muscle origins offers the most straightforward explanation to the observed ctenophore myosin expression patterns.
It is nevertheless important to underline that data from cnidarians will be essential to evaluate these scenarios but are insufficient at the moment. In the hydromedusa Podocoryne carnea, a MHCIIb group gene seems to be specifically expressed in the striated muscle layer of the medusa, located on the inner side of the bell , but expression data for cnidarian MCHIIa genes are critically lacking.
The originality and interest of ctenophores for studying muscle differentiation
A first striking characteristic of the ctenophore musculature is the diversity of muscle cell types and the complexity of their spatial arrangement (see Figure 8), as exemplified by our TEM observations combined with expression analyses of the MHCIIb1 gene and phalloidin staining. The existence in ctenophore of two fundamentally distinct musculatures, epithelial (i.e. parietal muscles) and mesogleal, parallels the similar distinction recently confirmed using immunofluorescence for the nervous system, and represents a fundamental difference with cnidarians. While the later are fundamentally epithelial animals, ctenophores have a fully developed mesogleal compartment with proper nervous and muscle systems, a condition more alike that of the triploblastic bilaterians. Furthermore in ctenophores, within each of the two main muscle categories, there is a significant diversity of muscle fibre subtypes differing by their size, position within the body, orientation, organisation and mode of formation (documented only for the tentacle root).
Among these ctenophore muscles, those of the tentacular apparatus (comprised of the tentacle and its attached tentillae) represent an autonomous muscle system not only from a functional point of view, but most importantly in terms of ontogeny and cell lineages. The ctenophore tentacle root is a highly promising model for studying cell differentiation and particularly myogenesis. Indeed, it is the only site of muscle cell production within the body where progenitors are easily identifiable and thereby are amenable to experimental approaches, whereas for parietal muscle cells and for other mesogleal muscle cell, we do not know where are the reservoirs of stem cells and progenitors. TEM observations and histological cryosections, combined with expression analyses of the three MHCII and Tropomyosin genes lead us to propose an original myogenic model implying spatially ordered regionalisation of muscle cell differentiation stages (Figure 6). This model is furthermore consistent with recent analyses of the progenies of somatic stem cells based on stem cell gene expression and EdU DNA labelling and long-term retention . Whereas the main axis (median expansion) of the tentacle root is essentially a centre of muscle production, the two lateral expansions are mostly dedicated to the differentiation and maturation of colloblasts (adhesive cells), a ctenophore-specific cell type [31, 47, 48]. At the oral pole of the tentacle root, we identified an additional and independent centre, responsible for the production of tentilla muscles. Thus, the tentacle root contains at least three autonomous cell lineages, each with its particular niche of stem cells (note that the “aboral external cell masses” described in , probably represent a fourth cell lineage, of unknown identity).
The high renewal rate of tentacle cells (with complete tentacle regeneration in 36 hours ) makes this system highly suitable not only for studying regeneration processes but also for analysing the role of key regulators, such as myogenic genes, yet unknown in ctenophores. The spatial segregation of muscle cell stages in the tentacle root in transverse section should facilitate the identification of genes involved in the various steps of myogenesis. Therefore, the tentacle root is a promising experimental system to study stem cell regulation, cell specification and cell differentiation in ctenophores.
The limits of the “smooth” vs. “striated” classification of muscle cell types
The mode of muscle cell differentiation described here in the ctenophore tentacle root is strikingly similar to that of striated skeletal muscles in vertebrates. In both cases, muscle development passes through four main stages: multiplication of myoblasts, alignment, fusion into myotubes, and finally maturation of the multinucleated muscle cells. In the ctenophore tentacle root, these myogenesis stages are distributed in four distinct areas along the proximal-distal axis on both sides of the tentacle root symmetry plane (Figure 6). A different mechanism operates in vertebrates for smooth muscle cells, which are mononucleated and whose formation does not involve a phenomenon of myoblast fusion. It is therefore surprising that although ctenophore muscle cells are of the smooth type (they lack recognisable sarcomeres), their multinucleate condition and their mode of development is more alike vertebrate striated muscle cells than vertebrate smooth muscle cells. Expression of MHCIIb is another shared characteristic of ctenophore muscle cells and vertebrate striated muscle cells. The evolutionary significance of these observations remains unclear: ctenophore muscles could have acquired these characteristics by convergence, or the similarities might reflect ancestral features of eumetazoan muscle cells, consistent with a scenario suggested previously in which smooth vertebrate muscle cells would be a derived (vertebrate-specific) cell type [1, 83].
In any case, these observations imply that a classification of muscle cell types based solely on presence or absence of a striation pattern (i.e. of Z discs allowing transverse or oblique alignment of the myofilaments) captures only part of the variation existing among animal muscle cells. A more comprehensive classification of muscle cell types at the eumetazoan taxonomic scale therefore remains to be elaborated, by integrating not only cytological characteristics but also molecular and developmental features. In this perspective, it will be crucial to obtain data from a wide sampling of early-branching metazoans concerning the expression and function of myogenic and muscle differentiation genes, including the various forms of myosins.
We are particularly grateful to Ulrich Technau (Austria) and Patrick Steinmetz (Austria) for stimulating scientific ideas, for sending their MHCII gene alignment, numerous data and for a powerful collaboration. We thank the directors and staff of the “Station Zoologique” in Villefranche-sur-Mer (France) and of the “Station Biologique” in Roscoff (France) for welcoming us. We thank Evelyn Houliston (UMR 7009) and Sylvie Mazan (UMR 7150) for providing lab facilities. We are grateful to the sailors of the Roscoff and Villefranche-sur-Mer zoological station: Fabrice Ruggiero, Jean Yves Carval, Gilles Maron and Laurent Lévêque for their help in the animal collection. We thank Sophie Pagnotta and the “Centre Commun de Microscopie Appliquée” (CCMA), Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, for access to their Transmission Electronic Microscope, the Bruce Shilito group for giving us the opportunity to use their Ultra Microtome, and L. Moroz for interesting discussions. EST sequencing was performed by the “Consortium National de Recherche en Génomique” at the Génoscope (Evry, France). This work was supported by grants from the “GIS-Institut de la Génomique Marine” and from the “Agence Nationale de la Recherche” ANR “programme blanc” NT_NV_52 Genocnidaire and ANR-09-BLAN-0236 DiploDevo.
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. | <urn:uuid:5f268bcb-7e0e-4ffa-9e16-7ed16d4ff753> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2148-12-107 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720468.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00488-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.844811 | 16,695 | 2 | 2 |
As the Kin Park crew works to develop our year-round drop-in centre at the park with a full schedule of urban farm-focused programming for children, youth and families in our region, we are still also focused on skill-building around food with the young folks (interns, volunteers, and members of our youth outreach (YO) team), who have been hanging out and working with us since Spring and beyond.
When we are not in the gardens, harvesting, saving seeds, and prepping for winter crops, we’ve been spending lots of time in CGC’s commercial kitchen experimenting with various ways to preserve the harvest: dehydrating, blanching, freezing, and canning.
We had the pleasure of hosting the Kin Park Kids campers a few weeks ago for a canning workshop. With a bumper crop of dragon tongue beans that had grown a little too big to sell at market, we decided to pickle them! Here’s the recipe we followed (taken from http://foodinjars.com/2009/07/dilly-beans/) and they are quite delicious!
2 pounds green beans, trimmed to fit your jars
2 1/2 cups apple cider vinegar (5%)
2 1/2 cups water
2 tablespoons pickling or fine sea salt
4 teaspoons dill seed
2 teaspoons black peppercorns
1 teaspoon red chili flakes
4 cloves garlic
1. Prepare a boiling water bath canner and 4 pint jars. Place 4 lids in a small pot of water and bring to a bare simmer.
2. Wash and trim your beans so that they fit in your jar and leave about an inch of headspace. If you have particularly long beans, your best bet is to cut them in half, although by doing so, you do lose the visual appeal of having all the beans standing at attention.
3. Combine vinegar, water, and salt in a medium saucepan and bring to a boil.
4. Divide the dill seed, peppercorns, red chili flake, and garlic cloves evenly between the four jars.
5. Pack the beans into the jars over the spices.
6. Pour the boiling brine over the beans, leaving 1/2 inch headspace.
7. Gently tap the jars on the counter to loosen any trapped air bubbles. For stubborn air pockets, use a chopstick to wiggle them free.
8. Wipe rims, apply lids and rings, and process in a boiling water bath canner for 10 minutes.
9. When time is up, remove jars from canner and place them on a folded kitchen towel to cool.
10. Once jars are cool enough to handle, remove rings and test seals.
11. Sealed jars can be stored on the pantry shelf for up to one year. Any unsealed jars should be refrigerated and eaten promptly.
12. These beans want to hang out for a least two weeks before eating, to thoroughly develop their flavor.
Thank you Danielle!
Danielle is a participant of the Ethos Work Experience program. Since the beginning of her placement at CGC in mid- August, Danielle has demonstrated a keen ability to learn, mentor, and lead in the field and in the kitchen. Thank you Danielle for all your hard work pulling weeds and chopping veggies!
Our VIU summer intern, Emily Crowe, wrapped up her summer internship with us at the end of August. Emily has been an enormous help at the farm, doing everything from pulling up kale plants, planting seedlings, threshing coriander seed, and shoveling compost. Thank you for all your hard work Emily and best of luck in your next career steps!!! (We sure hope you stay in agriculture of course!)
These pickled beans, along with other jarred goods, garlic and dried herbs will soon be available in the Garden Pantry Thrift store. Come in and pick up some urban farm fare and support local youth and those facing barriers to employment in our community as they advance their knowledge and skills in agriculture, marketing and food preservation. | <urn:uuid:d959dbea-3a4c-46f9-a88f-1b66f6430153> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cowichangreencommunity.org/kin-park-youth-urban-farm-september-newsletter/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.924137 | 856 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Early historic aviation event: Air expedition from Moscow to Peking. The aircraft and aviators are welcomed in Mongolia and Peking. Russian fliers in pioneering flight from Moscow to Peking. They are welcomed in the sacred Mongol city of Urga, on their way to China, A Junkers commercial F.13 monoplane, of the expedition, taxis to left. Russian DH-4 support biplane , taxis to right. Officials pose in front of the DH-4. Pilot seen standing in rear cockpit in background. Mongolian red army band plays. A Mongolian giant seen standing in the crowd, with small children in front of him. Crowd of Mongolian people sits and watches the event. Idol bearers to bring good luck to the fliers. Mongolian lamas display small images of Buddha. Mongolian troubadour plays a morin khuur (two-stringed instrument). Four Mongolian children stand. Yurts in the background Mongolian women stand in full traditional dress. Mongolian men in stands with fancy hats with peak. Next sequence takes place in Peking, China, at the end of the 3,500 mile flight, where the aviators are feted with a reception. Crowd waves Chinese flags. One of the Junkers J.3 airplanes of the expedition taxis ahead. Russian crew steps from another Junkers J.3 of the expedition. Lev Mikhailovich Karakhan, Russian Ambassador to China, and Marshal Duan Qirui (AKA Tuan Ch'i-jui), Provisional Chief Executive of Republic of China, pose with five Russian aviators, on steps of Government house in Peking.
Visit of U.S. Secretary of State Dr. Henry Kissinger to People's Republic of China. Air plane of Dr. Kissinger at the Peking airport and security guards around it . A motorcade of Dr. Kissinger and American delegates arrives at the airport. Dr. Kissinger gets out with the Foreign Minister and shakes hands with Chinese dignitaries near the plane. The dignitaries talk to each other, shake hands and smile. Dr. Kissinger walks up the ramp of the plane. He turns and waves towards Chinese dignitaries at the runway.
Visit of U.S. Secretary of State Dr. Henry Kissinger to People's Republic of China. Motorcade of Dr. Kissinger arrives at Mao Tse-tung's residence in Peking. Dr. Kissinger and Chinese Prime Minister Chou En Lai step out of a car. Dr. Kissinger and Chairman of the Communist Party of China Mao Tse-tung shake hands and talk to each other. The dignitaries sitting in a room talk to each other. Prime Minister En Lai talks. Mao shakes hands with Winston Lord and other American delegates. American delegates walk out of the house. En Lai bids goodbye as the motorcade drives away.
Visit of U.S. Secretary of State Dr. Henry Kissinger to People's Republic of China. A motorcade of the American delegates drives in night on the roads of Peking. Dr. Kissinger and Chinese Prime Minister Chou En Lai step out of a car at Mao Tse-tung's residence. Dr. Kissinger and Chairman of the Communist Party of China Mao Tse-tung shake hands and talk to each other. The dignitaries sitting in a room talk to each other. Mao speaks to Kissinger and other delegates and smiles. Prime Minister En Lai and other U.S. delegates talk. Mao shakes hands with Winston Lord and other American delegates. Mao and Kissinger shake hands as the party stands to depart. The delegates walk out of the house along with Prime Minister En Lai. En Lai bids goodbye as the motorcade drives away.
Flag flying. Map shows travel routes between West Coast USA and China. Plane takes off, flying over Golden Gate Bridge. People wave at plane. China Buildings amongst trees. Map of China. Clipper underway at sea. Map shows position of Canton. View of Canton harbor from a ferry. Ferry's rail. Map of Peking, also known as Peiping. Streets and building in Peking.
Progressive aggression leading to the take over of Tibet and fleeing of the Dlai Lama. Men raise the People's Republic of China flag on a mountain as armies of Communist China conquer Tibet. 1950: The Dalai Lama and Panchem Lama are brought to Peking in China. They are received by Chinese officials, presented with bouquets. A function at their arrival. 1955: African and Asian delegates at the Bandung Conference in Indonesia. China agrees to the 5 principles of peaceful co-existence. Delegates including Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai and Indian Prime Minister Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru. 1956: The Dalai Lama and Panchem Lama are permitted to visit India to celebrate the 2500th birth anniversary of Lord Buddha. They are greeted by Pandit Nehru, Premier U Nu of Burma and other Indian officials an arrival. The Lamas with Indian officials seated for a meal on the ground in a hall. The Lamas are welcomed in a ceremony and Dalai Lama addresses the gathering. Tibet: China begins to impose Communist system on Tibetan borders. Construction work and forced labor. March 1959: Communist bombardment over Lhasa. The Potala monastery. Tibetans take up alms. Handcuffs and confinements. Demonstrations and protests outside the Chinese Embassy in Delhi. Former Prime Minister Of Tibet, Lukhangwa and other monks pay their respects at Mahatma Gandhi's samadhi (mausoleum) in New Delhi. Indian government officials and members of the international press reach Tezpur in Assam. They welcome the Dalai Lama. Photographers take pictures. The Dalai Lama addresses a gathering. Statues of Lord Buddha all over India and Asia. Tibetan monks pray. People sing Indian devotional song. | <urn:uuid:111ad4f4-0e91-439e-81c3-0e73ababa27f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.criticalpast.com/stock-footage-video/Peking+China+1973 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00319-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.914377 | 1,197 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Petersburg, Virginia — The American South (Mid-Atlantic)
First Battle of Petersburg
Kautz’s Effort Stopped Here
— Lee vs. Grant – The 1864 Campaign —
In May 1864, Gen. Ulysses S. Grant launched attacks on Confederate armies across the South. He accompanied Gen. George G. Meade’s Army of the Potomac as it fought Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia from the Wilderness to Cold Harbor. With most of both armies still north of the James River, the Federals made their first attempt to capture Confederate-held Petersburg. That effort was stopped here.
On June 9, 1864, Gen. August V. Kautz led 13,000 Union cavalrymen here with orders to capture and burn the city. Petersburg’s Home Guard, 125 old men and young boys, held them off for two hours but finally retreated. The road to Petersburg lay open.
From Bermuda Hundred, 10 miles northeast on the James River, Confederate Gen. James Dearing rushed cavalry and a battery of artillery commanded by Petersburg resident Edward Graham through the city’s streets. Dearing, having formerly served with the famed New Orleans’ Washington Artillery, placed Graham’s guns on the hills on either side of the road and skillfully directed their fire, halting Kautz’s attack. Dearing then led a cavalry charge that drove the Federals away, saving
A native of Campbell County, Va., Dearing attended the U.S. Military Academy, resigning to offer his services to his state and the Confederacy. Struck during the fighting at High Bridge on April 6, 1865, three days before Lee surrendered, he died on April 25, and was the last officer in the Army of Northern Virginia to die from combat wounds.
Erected by Virginia Civil War Trails.
Topics and series. This historical marker is listed in these topic lists: Notable Events • Notable Places • War, US Civil. In addition, it is included in the Virginia Civil War Trails series list. A significant historical month for this entry is April 1781.
Location. 37° 13.085′ N, 77° 23.597′ W. Marker has been reported damaged. Marker is in Petersburg, Virginia. Marker is at the intersection of Graham Road and West Roy Smith Drive, on the right when traveling west on Graham Road. Marker is on Graham Road, across from the entrance to Cameron Field, at a large pullover. Touch for map. Marker is in this post office area: Petersburg VA 23803, United States of America. Touch for directions.
Other nearby markers. At least 8 other markers are within walking distance of this location. Battle of Petersburg, 25 April 1781 (here, next to this marker); Graham Road (about 700 feet away, measured in a direct line); Lest We Forget (approx. half a mile away); Poplar Lawn Confederate Hospital (approx. half a mile away); a different marker also named Graham Road (approx. half a mile away); Drilling Ground (approx. 0.6 miles away); People's Memorial Cemetery (approx. 0.6 miles away). Touch for a list and map of all markers in Petersburg.
More about this marker. The bottom left of the marker contains photographs of Gen. August V. Kautz and Gen. James Dearing. The top center of the marker contains a sketch of the battlefield with the caption “Looking west on New Road (now Graham Road), the route of the June 9, 1864 attack.” A battle map of the June 9, 1864 encounter also appears on the upper right of the marker.
Also see . . . June 9, 1864. The Battle of Old Men and Young Boys. The Siege of Petersburg website. (Submitted on December 21, 2008, by Bill Coughlin of Woodland Park, New Jersey.)
Credits. This page was last revised on May 9, 2020. It was originally submitted on December 21, 2008, by Bill Coughlin of Woodland Park, New Jersey. This page has been viewed 2,569 times since then and 51 times this year. Photos: 1, 2. submitted on December 21, 2008, by Bill Coughlin of Woodland Park, New Jersey. 3. submitted on May 9, 2020, by Devry Becker Jones of Washington, District of Columbia. 4. submitted on December 21, 2008, by Bill Coughlin of Woodland Park, New Jersey. | <urn:uuid:d0028f3b-bdb7-4d27-b401-a06b2e85205c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=14569 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.954489 | 949 | 3.125 | 3 |
Figure 1 shows the surface observations at 7:00 am CDT, which shows a cold front moving across southern Manitoba. We are unsure at this time how a storm could have developed from this setup. It is possible that a lake-breeze developed from Lake Manitoba behind the cold front, which combined with surface heating around Morden could have triggered thunderstorms.
According to Environment and Climate Change Canada (2018), an F0 tornado touched down at 5:00 pm CDT near Morden, MB. The track and width of this tornado was not documented by ECCC. The tornado caused no injuries, fatalities or property damage.
NOAA Central Library. (2020). U.S. Daily Weather Maps. Wednesday May 28, 1980 [PDF]. Retrieved from https://library.noaa.gov/Collections/Digital-Collections/US-Daily-Weather-Maps
Environment and Climate Change Canada Data. (2018). Canadian National Tornado Database: Verified Events (1980-2009) – Public. Retrieved from: http://donnees.ec.gc.ca/data/weather/products/canadian-national-tornado-database-verified-events-1980-2009-public/ | <urn:uuid:287fbd63-e601-4ced-a41b-b14fe5775451> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://highwaysandhailstones.com/tornado/morden-mb-f0-tornado-of-may-28-1980/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.872077 | 249 | 3.703125 | 4 |
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This lesson plan is one in a series working through A Separate Peace by John Knowles. The lesson focuses on helping students understand pathetic fallacy as demonstrated in the work using a Prezi. Students work to create their own descriptions of natural scenes that reflect a character's emotion.
This resource has not yet been reviewed.
Not Rated Yet. | <urn:uuid:f4e30537-e24b-4f76-8bfc-6b42fc670cc1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.curriki.org/oer/10th-Grade-Lesson-Pathetic-Fallacy-in-A-Separate-Peace/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00383-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957445 | 78 | 3.40625 | 3 |
- Featured Research Communities
A key aspect of the PGSP is to expose students to, and prepare them for, the rigors of the graduate school curriculum. Therefore, all PGSP students undertake a core curriculum. The pathway selected by the student determines the specific academic curriculum.
Students selecting the Basic & Biomedical Sciences pathway undertake a core curriculum that emphasizes independent learning, critical thinking and evaluation of the primary research literature.
At the beginning of the program in July, students take an intense 3-week course, BBS748: Introduction to cellular metabolism and disease. The purpose of this course is to prepare entering GSBS students to the independent learning, critical thinking and written communication skills that facilitate success in the graduate curriculum. This course consists of a combination of interactive lectures by GSBS faculty and discussion of primary research literature relevant to the lecture topics.
In the fall semester, students take BBS614: Foundations in Biomedicine. This is a problem-based course that provides learning opportunities through exploration of multidisciplinary areas of contemporary biomedical research, and creates a forum for practice in the skills required for research. The course consists of 4 topical modules in which students gain (and integrate) foundational knowledge in areas such as biophysics, biochemistry and molecular genetics, as well as workshops in important areas such as statistical analysis and bioinformatics.
In the spring semester, students take an advanced topics course in an area of specialization of their choosing. These courses typically consist of a combination of lectures and paper discussion sessions.
PGSP students selecting the Clinical & Population Health Research Pathway have a curriculum tailored to their academic experiences and research goals. PGSP students take foundation courses in Epidemiology, Research Methods, and Biostatistics. Typically, courses in the Clinical & Population Health Research Program consist of small group lectures and discussions, student papers and presentations, and hands on exercises. Students develop skills in use of clinical and epidemiological databases. They develop their applied research skills working with a research mentor for the full year where they will contribute to the mentor’s work as well as develop an independent project.
Courses will be selected with the mentor. All PGSP students must consider that some of the courses available have pre-requisites and students entering the courses must have met the prerequisites. | <urn:uuid:45a3cf04-f8ae-4bda-86b5-04021da347a6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.umassmed.edu/gsbs/prospective-students/pathway-to-graduate-study-program/curriculum/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00246-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92875 | 466 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Benjamin Graham taught that Intelligent Investors must do a thorough fundamental analysis of investment opportunities to determine their intrinsic value and inherent risk. This is best done by utilizing a systematic approach to analysis that will provide investors with a sense of how a specific company compares to another company. By using the ModernGraham method one can review a company's historical accomplishments and determine an intrinsic value that can be compared across industries. What follows is a specific look at how Equifax fares in the ModernGraham valuation model.
EFX data by YCharts
Defensive Investor - must pass at least 6 of the following 7 tests: Score = 3/7
- Adequate Size of Enterprise - market capitalization of at least $2 billion - PASS
- Sufficiently Strong Financial Condition - current ratio greater than 2 - FAIL
- Earnings Stability - positive earnings per share for at least 10 straight years - PASS
- Dividend Record - has paid a dividend for at least 10 straight years - PASS
- Earnings Growth - earnings per share has increased by at least 1/3 over the last 10 years using 3 year averages at beginning and end of period - FAIL
- Moderate PEmg ratio - PEmg is less than 20 - FAIL
- Moderate Price to Assets - PB ratio is less than 2.5 or PB x PEmg is less than 50 - FAIL
Enterprising Investor - must pass at least 4 of the following 5 tests or be suitable for a defensive investor: Score = 3/5
- Sufficiently Strong Financial Condition, Part 1 - current ratio greater than 1.5 - FAIL
- Sufficiently Strong Financial Condition, Part 2 - Debt to Net Current Assets ratio less than 1.1 - FAIL
- Earnings Stability - positive earnings per share for at least 5 years - PASS
- Dividend Record - currently pays a dividend - PASS
- Earnings growth - EPSmg greater than 5 years ago - PASS
|Value Based on 3% Growth||$32.37|
|Value Based on 0% Growth||$18.98|
|Market Implied Growth Rate||11.23%|
|Net Current Asset Value (NCAV)||-$13.05|
Balance Sheet - 12/31/2013
Earnings Per Share
Earnings Per Share - ModernGraham
EFX Dividend data by YCharts
Equifax Inc. does not qualify for either the Defensive Investor or the Enterprising Investor. For the Defensive Investor, the company's current ratio is too low, it has not demonstrated sufficient earnings growth over the ten year period, and its PEmg and PB ratios are too high. For the Enterprising Investor, the company holds too much debt relative to its current assets. As a result, value investors seeking to follow the ModernGraham approach based on Benjamin Graham's methods should explore other opportunities through a review of 5 Outstanding Dow Components and 5 Low PEmg Companies for the Defensive Investor.
From a valuation side of things, the company appears to be overvalued after only growing its EPSmg (normalized earnings) from $1.98 in 2009 to $2.23 in 2013. This low level of demonstrated growth does not support the market's implied estimate of 11.23% earnings growth and leads the ModernGraham valuation model to return an estimate of intrinsic value that falls below a margin of safety relative to the price.
The next part of the analysis is up to individual investors, and requires discussion of the company's prospects. What do you think? What value would you put on Equifax Inc.? Where do you see the company going in the future? Is there a company you like better?
Disclosure: The author did not hold a position in Equifax Inc. (NYSE:EFX) or any other company mentioned in the article at the time of publication and had no intention of changing that position within the next 72 hours. | <urn:uuid:977d8f9d-45fd-48d5-971a-9cf8cf9db5b2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://seekingalpha.com/article/2127703-moderngraham-annual-valuation-of-equifax-inc-2014?source=cc | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00494-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.866982 | 805 | 1.90625 | 2 |
By Swami Harshananda
Sometimes transliterated as: Sanyasa, SanyAsa, Sanyaasa
Sanyāsa literally means ‘complete renunciation,’ ‘the order of monks’.
Ancient and medieval scriptures describe four āśramas or stages of life. The last of these is sanyāsa or the life of a recluse or a monk. Anyone who has developed an intense vairāgya or spirit of renunciation for the world and is eager to attain mokṣa or liberation, is fit for taking sanyāsa. However it was restricted only to the brāhmaṇas in practice. One who takes the formal vows of sanyāsa is called a sanyāsin.
Classification of Sanyāsins
There are four kinds of sanyāsins:
The last is considered as the best.
Procedure for taking Sanyāsa
The Dharmasindhu of Kāśīnātha Upādhye sets out a procedure for taking sanyāsa which is followed more or less even today. Since sanyāsa was taken either from the gārhasthya stage or from the vānaprastha stage, this factor should be kept in mind while studying the same as given in the above-mentioned work.
Briefly stated, the procedure is as follows:
- Seeking a competent sanyāsin-teacher and living with him for at least three months
- Purification of oneself through the japa of the Gāyatrī mantra, Rudra and performance of Kiṣmāṇḍahoma to get rid of sins
- Śrāddha including to oneself
- Shaving, leaving the śikhā intact
- Getting the things needed for the sanyāsin’s life like ochre-cloth, daṇḍa, kamaṇḍalu, kaupīna, pādukās and so on
- Worship of Gaṇeśa and performing Ābhyudayika śrāddha
- Recital of certain Vedic texts
- Keeping vigil for the whole night
- Performance of Virajāhoma
- Burning of all wooden sacrificial vessels
- Blessing all the members of the family and leaving home
- Repeating the praiṣamantra
- Offering of the śikhā and yajñopavita in water or the fire of Virajāhoma
- Removal of the old clothes and accepting the ochre-clothes as well as other insignia of sanyāsa from the guru
- Receiving the mahāvākya from the guru and also a new name
- Taking the blessings of the guru and the senior sanyāsins
In some orders following non-advaitic tradition, the śikhā and the yajñopavita are kept intact and the japa of the Gāyatrī mantra is continued.
Code of Conduct
The sanyāsin, after formally taking the vows of monastic life, has to lead a wandering life, not dwelling inside villages or towns. His stay should be outside, under a tree or a temple or an uninhabited house. He can enter the village or the town for alms, only once in a day and that too after the smoke from the domestic hearths has died down. He should be moving, wandering alone, never staying in the same place for more than three days, except during the rainy season.
Observing strict celibacy and bathing thrice a day he must spend his time in japa, dhyāna, surārcana and contemplation on Vedāntic and devotional scriptures whenever possible. He should be controlled in eating. Practicing ahinsā and satya, he should give abhaya to all creatures. He should be equanimous under all circumstances. His possessions should be only those accepted during the taking of the monastic vows and hence should never accumulate things out of greed. He should observe silence as much as possible and never practice astrology or occult sciences. The dharmaśāstras are replete with many injunctions and prohibitions which may not appear to be relevant in the modern context.
Other Related Topics
There is no unanimity in the dharmaśāstra whether sanyāsa is allowed only to the brāhmaṇas or to other dvijas also. An eccentric theory is sometimes put forward by the fanatical followers of Vedic rituals that only those who are physically disabled and hence unable to perform the rituals are fit for sanyāsa. Though śudras were denied sanyāsa by the smṛtis and the medieval digests, śudra-ascetics did exist.
Śaiva and Śākta sects permitted it to them also. Based on the Mahābhāsya of Patañjali one can surmise that women-ascetics too existed, even in ancient days. Dvijas who were critically ill and about to pass away could mentally utter the praiṣamantra and die as sanyāsins. After death, the body of a sanyāsin had to be buried.
Over the centuries, due to historical, sociological and civilization factors several changes have been wrought in the institution of sanyāsa though the old and orthodox orders continue to hold on to most of the ancient traditions. Some of them are:
- Changes in modes of dress etc.
- Wearing stitched clothes and footwear
- Living in institutions and engaging in public service activities
- Performance of certain religious rites like pujā and homa
Some orders of sanyāsins prefer cremation after death to burial.
If the society has given the highest place of honor to the sanyāsins, it has also prescribed the highest standards of morality, ethics and spiritual values for them. The religion and the society are still vibrant and susceptible to further spiritual development due to the contribution of these sanyāsins and the institution of sanyāsa itself.
- He lived in A. D. 1790.
- Gārhasthya means a house-holder.
- Vānaprastha means as a forest recluse.
- Taittiriya Āranyaka 2.7
- Saṅkalpa means religious resolve.
- Daṇḍa means staff.
- Kamaṇḍalu means water pot.
- Kaupīna means loincloth.
- Pādukās means wooden sandals.
- Sāvitrīpraveśa means withdrawing the Gāyatrī mantra into oneself since it will not be repeated after sanyāsa.
- Praiṣamantra means signifying total renunciation of hearth and home.
- Śikhā means tuft of hair.
- Yajñopavita means sacred thread.
- Japa means repetition of the divine name.
- Dhyāna means meditation.
- Surārcana means worship of his deity.
- It means taking food only once a day.
- Ahinsā means non-violence.
- Satya means truth.
- Abhaya means freedom from fear.
- He lived in 200 B. C.
- The Concise Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Swami Harshananda, Ram Krishna Math, Bangalore | <urn:uuid:86c85d95-ea09-442f-a2d5-97c9bf5f67d9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://hindupedia.com/eng/index.php?title=Sany%C4%81sa&direction=prev&oldid=116480 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.925922 | 1,746 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Tall floral arrangements add a touch of elegance to a foyer, church sanctuary or rooms with high ceilings. Fresh, silk or dried flowers that are placed in a triangular, crescent or fan shape add volume to a tall arrangement for any season or event. Line flowers that have been cut at maximum height to give stature to the floral design. When arranging a tall flower arrangement, a large, sturdy work counter or table is essential for ease of reach and to avoid physical strain. Work in an area with plenty of room to move and view the work in progress.
Place one or two full blocks of floral foam into the container. Place the end of the waterproof adhesive floral tape to one side of the top of the container then pull it across the foam to the other side to secure it. Add three more pieces of tape in a cross-hatch pattern across the container top to prevent the foam from moving out of place.
Fill the container with water for fresh flowers. Let it soak completely into the foam. Skip this step if using dry foam and silk or dried flowers.
Select a bird-of-paradise, calla lily, torch ginger, delphinium, hollyhock, gladiolus or other tall floral stem. Multiflowered branches from a mock orange tree, rose bush, forsythia, eucalyptus greens or bells of Ireland will also work for the first pieces placed into the arrangement. Sunflowers, broom-corn, wheat and cattails are select tall stems for an autumn arrangement.
Hold the tall stem against the container. It should be two to three times taller than the height of the container. For example, a 2- to 2 1/2-foot tall flower stem is an appropriate height for a 12-inch high container. Cut the bottom of the stem on a slant with a sharp knife or flower cutters. Add two to four more of the same kind of tall flowers to the arrangement. Each stem should be the same height for crescent- or fan-shaped arrangements. Cut stems at gradual heights for a triangular-shaped arrangement.
Add in stems of hydrangea, tulips, daisies, roses and flowers that meet the color scheme of the decor or event theme. Step back to make sure that the shape is being defined as flowers are added at the center, sides and bottom of the arrangement. Sprigs of greenery, pussy willow, asters and seasonal flowers are added to fill the spaces between flowers. | <urn:uuid:d2030ef4-9ce9-433e-87ae-32ad5f28e48d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.gardenguides.com/120400-make-tall-flower-arrangement.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00162-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.882505 | 515 | 1.734375 | 2 |
George Washington to William Livingston
[Valley Forge] February 16, 1778. Is sending Lieutenant Colonel Tench Tilghman to Livingston to present picture of distressing state of the Army. Repeats request to Livingston to help relieve situation by sending goods stored in New Jersey.
Df, in writing of H, George Washington Papers, Library of Congress. | <urn:uuid:2db79dbe-e2ab-4f3f-9bc2-10f37a253251> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-01-02-0372 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00337-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.910334 | 73 | 1.648438 | 2 |
How To Find The Perfect HVAC Ideas For Your Needs
Not a lot of folks look forward to a malfunctioning heater or air conditioner. The HVAC system is critical to your quality of life, so maintenance is vital. These hints are great for helping you do exactly that.
Get all the details regarding a broken system before calling for repair. Look for the version and brand number. This helps make sure the contractor has the information they'll need.
It really is important to get some knowledge of your present system and needs before calling a contractor. It will be hard for an HVAC contractor to provide you with an estimate on the cellphone without understanding what your current organization is. It will be even harder if you can't explain that which you've done. So know about this information beforehand.
Switch off the electricity in case you're going to work on your HVAC system. Also, it is crucial that you clear the outdoor condenser unit from any debris that possibly trapped in.
Having a double pane window helps restrict your requirement for air conditioning during the summertime. They help in the winter, too, keeping the heat in.
Boost energy efficiency by putting your condenser unit in the shade. When your unit sucks in cooler air, then much less is required to cool it further, which saves you money on energy bills.
If you're able to, install double-paned windows throughout your home. Windows which are double pane keep the cool air in and can significantly decrease the quantity of time your air conditioner should run. This also helps keep heated atmosphere during the chillier months.
If you would like to live comfortably, your HVAC must be in excellent working condition. In the event you don't take good care of it, you home isn't comfortable. Be sure that you do not let this happen. | <urn:uuid:6382b74c-f356-4d97-ace4-d611472d2a65> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.empowher.com/users/allprohscorp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718296.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00538-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947192 | 377 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Three hundred and sixty-one biopsies obtained by bioptome from 201 patients with suspected cardiomyopathy were analysed morphologically, semiquantitatively, quantitatively, and statistically to ascertain whether or not histological examination provided a measurable pattern characterising the different forms of cardiomyopathy. In addition, we have tried to find out whether or not morphometry increases the diagnostic reliability. Heart from 29 cases (10 female and 19 male) who died as a result of road traffic accidents or other extracardiac causes were sampled, selecting specimens from sites usually biopsied during life. Of these biopsies, 16.1 per cent were of such poor quality that morphological categorisation was not possible. The mean size of biopsies was 0.79 mm2, and on average 1.38 mm2 of tissue was available per patient. The histological descriptions were grouped in eight entities; morphometric analysis of the endocardium, myocardium, and interstitium resulted in a more accurate evaluation of the morphological changes. Muscle fibre diameter showed distinct variance between several morphological groups, particularly between normal and pathological groupings and between right and left sided ventricular samples. The applied scoring system included the histological HOCM index (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) which separated clearly this type of cardiomyopathy from other disorders. Small foci of chronic inflammatory cells were seen in 25 per cent of the biopsies and did not indicate myocarditis. This study did not confirm the possible existence of small vessel disease. Morphometric data permitted distinction between several histological groups but this did not apply to individual patients in veiw of a considerable degree of overlap of the pathological changes. Combining the various morphological features and applying measurements failed to establish a definite pattern for congestive cardiomyopathy (COCM), and alcoholic heart muscle disease could not be separated from COCM. It is, however, suggested that semiquantitative and morphometric methods are mandatory, not only to define more accurately the morphological changes, but also to provide the basis for additional biochemical, immunological, and virological analysis.
Statistics from Altmetric.com
If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Center’s RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways. | <urn:uuid:b3b9b266-094e-428e-8bbf-397ac2edd4d6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://heart.bmj.com/content/45/5/475?ijkey=9d0a0713420a7e0882c0c3e6328f4056b0f91ee9&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.935629 | 512 | 1.90625 | 2 |
So, again, I hope the Democrats in the Senate take note of the dominoes that are tumbling here because they stood together.
Ex-CIA officer Bruce Riedel on why other dominoes may fall—and how U.S. policy just got more complicated.
Underneath, empty Hennessy bottles are piled up alongside flowers and candles, and nearby, men play heated games of dominoes.
They then laid out the cutouts in order like dominoes and shot it in one long take.
Up at Fort Shurdan they had a ginmill where th' warryors cud go an' besot thimsilves with bottled beer an' dominoes.
Playing at nine-pins, for instance, is practically forbidden, so also dominoes.
Six dominoes were placed on their edges, in the usual way, before the dog and the same number before Mr. Blanc.
The dog Braque plays a game of dominoes with any one who likes.
How silly they will look to-night when I shall come out with this story between two games of dominoes!'
I can see the dominoes with my fingers—touch is just as good as sight.
1801, from French domino (1771), perhaps (on comparison of the black tiles of the game) from the meaning "hood with a cloak worn by canons or priests" (1690s), from Latin dominus "lord, master" (see domain), but the connection is not clear. Klein thinks it might be directly from dominus, "because he who has first disposed his pieces becomes 'the master.' " Metaphoric use in geopolitics is from April 1954, first used by U.S. President Eisenhower in a "New York Times" piece, in reference to what happens when you set up a row of dominos and knock the first one down. | <urn:uuid:3538b2d6-be48-4260-8196-5b88de2b3322> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dictionary.com/browse/dominoes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00471-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957833 | 398 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Star Readers' Club discusses career planning for youths |
Our Correspondent, Sirajganj
A discussion on 'Career Planning for Unemployed Youths', was held at Jnanadayini High School hall room in Sirajganj town. Friday evening.
Organised by Sirajganj district unit of The Daily Star Readers' Club, the discussion was presided by club convener Mohaimin Sagor.
Bangladesh Civil Service career consultant Hamidul Haque Khan attended as chief guest while Sirajganj Degree College teacher Prof Rezaul Karim attended as special guest.
About 50 people including students took part in the meeting and exchanged their opinion on career development.
Among others, club advisors Rekha Moni Pervin, Omar Farukh, Sohel Rana, Nusrat Jahan Shima, Ila, Sabuj, Rushi Khatun and The Daily Star correspondent Golam Mostafa were present. | <urn:uuid:6bcf0c69-7db8-4112-a071-aa1170c3d578> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://archive.thedailystar.net/2006/06/04/d60604070897.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00568-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959206 | 197 | 1.539063 | 2 |
A huge benefit of (learning and) teaching meditation to your family and young people, is how it helps them to manage big emotions and stress.
If we don’t teach children how to navigate their way through their emotional state, they will react to situations and people in an uncontrollable way. And as they grow older this can result in an unease of expressing their feelings and/or manifesting feelings of guilt, shame or resentment.
Bad behaviour? Or Communication?
As a foster mum, it is challenging when the behaviour appears to be ‘bad’. But with a mindful practice, what I have learned is that it is a source of communication. Children and young people will behave, rather than articulate their feelings. Our role (as mindful adults) is to ‘investigate’ this; to look behind the behaviour.
Of course this is difficult to do if you feel yourself pulled (or dragged!) into the drama of the moment. So turning to a mindful breath, our tuning in to your own body can help reset your rising stress levels and is key to ‘holding the space’.
Holding the space could also be referred to coregulation; where our children are unable to regulate their emotions, but our presence, our energy and our actions helps them coregulate to our (hopefully!) calm state.
It is normal that there will still be times when you feel drawn into the tornado of emotional chaos. Instead of feeling despondent at your strong reactions, you can press your meditation ‘reset’ button.
When we have a challenging moment in our household – I meditate on it. By this I mean I sit with what I am feeling and thinking and turn towards it. I don’t analyse the whys and whats… I notice my breathe, I notice my body, I notice how I am feeling and I ‘hold this’ in my attention with complete acceptance that this is how I feel.
You might think that this is the opposite of what you should (or want to) do. But I’ve been practising meditation for 30 years and I know the longer I avoid this, the more it will pop up in the future in a resentful remark.
When we allow ourselves a moment to sit with a moment of suffering, there can be some valuable insights to our behaviour which brings self understanding and self compassion. This helps us communicate clearly to our families and (sometimes) apologise for how we reacted.
Plus… if I want my family to own and process their feelings and thoughts more mindfully, then I need to model this to them.
My foster son found it suprising and slightly amusing when I declared “hold on, I’ve never had a 12 year old in my home before… I’m doing my best!”
Honest communication is key.
And this means being honest with yourself when you react… owning your response and forgiving yourself.
If you do this, then you can teach this to your family too. It offers an opportunity for mindful listening and ‘hearing’. It promotes honest and clear communication with your family and your kids; explaining that you care, you worry and that you love them. We often take for granted that our children know this. But saying it outloud can be a powerful affirmation that helps them feel noticed, acknowledged and safe.
Owning our actions and reactions helps us to empower a different choice, next time. It teaches young people that we are all human, doing our best and that even if they make mistakes (we all do) – they are still loved.
Noticing the triggers mindfully
There may be triggers (both externally and internally) that the young person is oblivious to when they react. They don’t realise that these stress triggers are there or building until there is an explosion of emotion.
Sometimes children demonstrate their anger. Others struggle and display more passive behaviours (ignoring what you say instead of arguing), or hiding their actions.
By teaching young people meditation, we can help young people feel and sense those triggers (breathing faster, heart beating, feeling hot, sore tummy etc) and give them some mindful strategies in these moments, it’s as if we have given them a Ninja power… they can press their own, personal, mindful reset button.
It teaches them that they are not at the mercy of these moments of struggle and suffering, and that they can choose a different response.
If they learn to do it for their own wellbeing, they can equally share this practise with their peers.
And this… is how we build a worldwide community of peace.
Discover the Connected Kids programme…
Or join our waiting list for new dates released
(click the hand!) | <urn:uuid:15dc7910-6428-4aec-8361-de45b9916df5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tutorialpoint.club/helping-kids-manage-their-behaviour/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.944845 | 987 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Jazz composition was Berklee's founding discipline. Teaching systems of arranging and composition to professionals was the hallmark of the institution, and there is a long lineage of successful alumni to illustrate this point. At this juncture, the music industry has evolved, and the discipline of jazz composition has adapted to that evolution. What is the current state of that creative evolution? What forces are influencing that evolution? Who are the key players as jazz takes its next steps forward? To seek the answers to these questions and more, Berklee assembles an impressive gathering of some of today's most celebrated, creative jazz artists for the State of Jazz Composition Symposium and Concert Series. | <urn:uuid:f5c10091-b9f3-4d99-83f5-a19fce59ab62> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://college.berklee.edu/jazzcompositionsymposium | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00479.warc.gz | en | 0.961418 | 133 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Just three years after its approval, the Type 2 diabetes medication, Invokana (canagliflozin), multiple warnings and safety alerts have already been issued due to serious concerns about the potential risks of the medication. Two recent events including FDA approval of Invokamet CR, a long-acting form of the combination drug that includes Invokana as one of the ingredients and recent changes in labeling to a similar drug, may increase the chance that more people will be harmed by the medication.
Since its approval, Invokana has caused a number of safety issues including an increased potential for kidney injury, a higher-than-normal rate of diabetic ketoacidosis, an increased rate of limb amputations and perhaps, more troubling, an increased risk of cardiovascular injury like heart attack or stroke. The approval of Invokamet CR and labeling changes approved for a similar drug, Jardiance, may add to the risks of Invokana.
FDA approvals affecting Invokana
Invokana was approved in November of 2013 over objections of a consumer advocacy group, Public Citizen who still lists the medication on their “Do Not Use” list. Despite growing evidence of increased risks for severe injury, manufacturer Janssen Pharmaceuticals, a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson, submitted and received an August 2014 approval of Invokamet, a combination drug containing Invokana and another anti-diabetic, metformin.
The company has continued with the Invokana line even though evidence regarding serious injury continues to mount, and in received approval for an extended-release version Invokamet XR in late September of 2016. This approval was received after a May 2016 FDA safety alert was issued which strengthened warnings about Invokana’s increased risk of kidney injury and required changes to the prescribing information on the medication. Multiple patients have been hospitalized and may have required hospitalization for renal failure and chronic kidney disease that occurred after Invokana was started.
In addition to the threat of kidney injury, Invokana was previously the subject of a May 2015 warning which indicated a link to a higher than expected rate of diabetic ketoacidosis. Other warnings have been issued for increased potential for bone fractures, a greater risk of the need for amputation of the extremities and to an increase in the incidence of cardiovascular events including heart attack and stroke
Unfortunately, confusion over heart attack potential may be on the horizon, putting more patients at risk. Another member of the SGLT2, Jardiance (empagliflozin) has received December 2016 approval to list a decreased risk of heart attack as part of its prescribing information but Invokana is not included in this approval.
Some professionals may be concerned that confusion may develop over Jardiance’s approval to list a decreased cardiac risk when Invokana, a member of the same medication class may increase heart attack risk. Careful attention must be paid to a patient’s cardiac history and patients should be advised to discuss all of their medical issues with their physician.
Johnson & Johnson’s continued push for Invokana and its progenitors Invokamet and Invokamet XR also means the more patients will be taking the medication and will potentially be under threat of serious adverse events after taking one of the Invokana line of medications.
Invokana’s manufacturer, Janssen and its parent company, Johnson & Johnson are already facing hundreds of lawsuits for serious injuries related to the medication’s use. These new developments may increase the numbers of Invokana lawsuits.
If you or a loved one have suffered from severe side effects after taking Invokana, you may be eligible for compensation through an Invokana lawsuit. Past medical injury lawsuits have resulted in settlements to cover medical costs, lost wages, and pain and suffering. Though each case is different, some patients receive settlement awards reaching into the tens or hundreds of thousands or even millions of dollars. | <urn:uuid:98fb0094-2ae6-4cc6-9847-ac8b0081d676> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.drugdangers.com/news/12/06/16/recent-fda-action-may-increase-number-invokana-injuries | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00216-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944594 | 811 | 1.867188 | 2 |
WhatsApp for PC was available only through the WhatsApp Web option where you can have it active only on your browser and have the WhatsApp active on your phone to keep it connected. For those who felt that WhatsApp Web isn’t a great option and there should have been a separate app, here it is finally.
WhatsApp for Windows and Mac is officially released and this tool will work on Windows 8 and higher, and there is a separate version for the 32-bit and 64-bit Windows platforms. Of course, just like how the WhatsApp Web works, you will have to keep WhatsApp installed and active on your smartphone.
Download WhatsApp for Windows / Mac
You need to go to whatsapp.com/download and if you are doing that from the PC where you want to install it, you can see the page detecting the OS and giving you the option to download it directly. You will, of course, find the option to download the WhatsApp app installer from the same page, if you want to download it for some other OS. For now, it is only Windows OS and Mac OS. Mac users need to have their Macbook on Mac OS X 10.9 and higher.
Once you install the app, it will present you with the barcode that you have to use scan by going to the WhatsApp Web option and adding another to the list. It will activate the camera and then you can scan the barcode that is presented.
As is the case for WhatsApp unlike on Telegram, you cannot have an ID and password and it is just the replicated form on what you see on your smartphone. If WhatsApp on your phone is not active or there is no data connectivity, you wouldn’t see it active even on your PC app.
Under the Settings, you can have the app to start at login of the PC, so you don’t have to worry about starting it manually all the time. Apart from that, you can change the Chat Wallpaper from the app and check the list of blocked contacts or block anyone. You can also toggle the sounds and notifications, and the desktop alerts for the chat messages that you get on WhatsApp.
If you have a previous version of Windows running, i.e. Windows 7 or before, you cannot get to use this app and will have to resort to WhatsApp Web for the same. | <urn:uuid:9ae0b394-10d7-4702-ba7b-8e8c56c6c95d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gizmotimes.com/computers/pc-software/download-whatsapp-app-windows-mac-pc/20854 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.94472 | 478 | 1.578125 | 2 |
1. Ferrous Cement
A 3000-L rainwater harvesting-storage tank system was constructed at Brgy. Kapatalan, Siniloan, Laguna in 2008. The project was constructed by Laguna State Polytechnic University (LSPU) faculty and students as part of their learning and extension activities. It was also a means of ferro cement technology transfer to students and local residents. The project was funded by the LSPU and the Kapatalan Barangay Council for Kapatalan residents, particularly the Kapatalan Elementary School (KES).
2. Briquetting Technology
Briquetting Technology is a technology-transfer training offered both by the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) and the Department of Agriculture under their program Cash for Training. The short-term training program was conducted by the Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Engineering at different areas in the province of Laguna on the year 2011.
The following were the titles of different training programs:
- “Pag-uuling ng Ipa at Paggawa ng Briket” for Organic Farming Seminar at Tarita’s Restaurant, Pangil, Laguna, November 23-25, 2011.
- Charcoal Briquetting for Cash For Training to Siniloan Farmers and Fisherolks
- Famy, Laguna, September 6, 2011.
- Kapatalan, Siniloan, Laguna, August 15, 2011.
- Siniloan Elementary School, Siniloan, Laguna, Augustg 14, 2011.
- Sarap Buhay Resort, Siniloan, Laguna, February 4, 2011. Presentation to the Barangay Nutrition Scholars.
- Briquetting Awareness for residents of Upland Barangays of Siniloan at Engineering Building, LSPU, Siniloan, Laguna, March 3, 2011, sponsored by the Siniloan Municipal Agriculture Office.
BSAE students demonstrating the preparation and utilization of briqquettes
3. Aerobic Rice Technology
A 3-day training activity intended to further develop the competencies of ART trainors in terms of enhancing the capabilities of prospective adaptors. It was conducted on the 2nd week of April, 2013 to provide ample preparation time to both BASC and LSPU. The aerobic rice farm was also established for seed production intended for distribution to upland farmers.
Art training and training kit
Extension and training services (On-going Programs)
- Kaligtasan ng Kabundukan
Kaligtasan ng Kabundukan is an extension project of the Institute of Agricultural Engineering (IAE). It intends to save the upland or slope land areas from soil degradation and its dwellers from the pangs of poverty.
Projects under the “Kaligtasan” program
The extension project involves the application of Sloping Agricultural Land Technique (SALT). Salt is a simple, inexpensive and practical soil conservation scheme specifically developed for small-scale upland farmers. Enhanced with integrated diversified organic agriculture, its adoption would result to restoration of soil fertility and substantial benefits to marginalized upland families. They can conserve soil, reduce chemical inputs, increase their productivity, become generally self-sufficient and break out of the poverty cycle.
BSAE faculty, students and partners during the SALT training
- SALT Learning Site
SALT learning site has been established through Siniloan Water District (SIWADI) spearheaded by the General Manager, Engr. Isidoro V. Realeza, key officials and staff. This is where farmers are taught how to make an “A” frame and layout contour lines. This site also serves as a showcase of the technologies promoted by this extension service of the Institute.
- Raising pigs the no smell ways
The Native Pig Dispersal Project is a simple agro-livestock technology project under the main program “Kaligtasan ng Kabundukan”. To achieve best result of the project participants are required to undergo training activity under the project entitled “Raising Pigs the No Smell Way.” Briefly, it teaches native pig dispersal beneficiaries how to combine organic crop production with native pig growing in an upland area. Focus is on controlling foul smell from the pigs.
Raising Pigs the No-smell Way training at Brgy. Kapatalan, Siniloan, Laguna
Beneficiaries carbonizing rice hull as bedding for their native pigs
2. Sagip Kabundukan, Sagip Kababayan – Sta Maria
Sagip Kabundukan, Sagip Kababayan is an extension service of the Institute of Agricultural Engineering that focuses on building the capacity of upland residents for weather risk management. The goal will be attained by offering technical assistance, and promoting risk mitigation techniques.
The town of Sta. Maria, Laguna has been described as vulnerable and exposed to disaster risks (Pati et al., 2014). The barangays at the foot of the mountain are found to have severe to extremely severe vulnerabilities to flooding. The upland areas, on the other report problems on soil erosion and degradation.
Marking the contours
3. Sagip Kabundukan, Sagip Kababayan – Mabitac
The extension program will involve the application of char technology for soil and water conservation, and livelihood projects. The principles of Simple Agri-Livestock Technology (SALT 2), a variation of Sloping Agricultural Land Technique (SALT) will be applied.
- Salt 2
As per date, initial level of project proposal has been accomplished. Immediate development of MOA will soon be accomplished in order to facilitate the program
- Technology Transfer
- Agricultural Training Institute, ATI activity program.
- Development of 4-H Club
Formation of 4-H Club held at IAE which provides the youth with opportunities to learn by doing through individual, group or community projects. It instills in the youth the spirit of volunteerism, cooperation and dignity of labor. It also enables the youth to use their time, talents, and energy wisely.
Motto: Make the best better or “Ang magaling ay pagbubutihin pa.”
Slogan: Learning by doing or “Matuto habang gumagawa”.
4-H Club Pledge: I pledge
“My head to clearer thinking, My heart to greater loyalty
My hands to larger services and My health to better living.”
New agricultural tools received by IAE 4H Club from DA.
- Technology Updates for Agricultural Engineers cum TESDA NC II on Small Engines Assessment
The Training-Seminar is an offshoot of the needs assessment consultation called for in April 2016 by the Agricultural Training Institute (ATI) of DA through Mr. Franklin Bel T. Isip, the Region IV-A Planning Officer. Out of this consultation, a series of trainings was conceived, so that this seminar-workshop was planned and implemented with LSPU as partner agency.
Small engines National Certification Testing
- Climate-smart Agriculture: Technology Updates and Challenges for Agricultural Engineers
Climate-smart Agriculture: Technology Updates and Challenges for Agricultural Engineers is a training-seminar conducted to keep agricultural engineers in CALABARZON abreast with the new technologies related to agricultural engineering. Dr. Sace of CLSU and Dr. Orge of PhilRice were invited to present hydroponics and capillarigaation, respectively.
The Climate-smart Agriculture training-seminar for agricultural engineers of CALABARZON
- Rice transplanting
The Institute of Agricultural Engineering in collaboration with the Municipal’s Agricultural Office of Mabitac conducted training on agricultural equipment specifically on mechanized rice transplanter. The activity was conducted at Barangay Pag-asa in the same municipality of Mabitac on March 10, 2017. Participants from the farmers group, and students from the 5th year class of Operations and Maintenance of Agricultural Equipment undergo an initial phase of training on actual transfer of seedlings with trays to pre-cultivated rice field before the actual transplanting activity. | <urn:uuid:27b517f5-41ce-4816-af79-9b69e0541330> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://lspu.edu.ph/campus/news/sc/extension-and-training-services-institute-of-agricultural-engineering | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.92227 | 1,709 | 2.0625 | 2 |
A liberal, free-market democracy has some curious rules and regulations
Over 700,000 South Korean children own smartphones, such as the Apple iPhone or a local rival by Samsung Electronics called the Galaxy S. Many use them so much for mobile online gaming that some 50 parental associations have called for an imminent night-time curfew for under-16s playing online computer games to be extended to mobile phones.
Concern over computer games is nothing new. Claims that marathon gaming sessions in South Korea’s “PC-bang” internet cafés have led to violence, including deaths, have prompted much soul-searching. All the same, the state seems too keen to use heavy-handed regulation. Its Game Rating Board (GRB), with the legal power to ban any game, now risks obstructing the development of an entire industry, one of the country’s most vibrant.
Graphic games such as Grand Theft Auto III are already off-limits to Korean gamers. But the chief problem is the GRB’s trouble keeping up with the sheer number of new mobile games being released on the iPhone and the rival Android platform, which Samsung uses. The board insists on a long approval process for even the most innocuous games. Apple and Google, which developed Android, are avoiding trouble by simply not selling any games to Korean customers. Related topicsCensorshipSocial issuesGamesHobbies and pastimesVideo games Yet many “indie” games developers in South Korea desperately want to reach customers. With talented programmers and a ready-made market of smartphone-owning game obsessives, this is a natural growth industry. The government pays lip service to the idea of encouraging entrepreneurship among the young. Yet the GRB, says Kim Jin-sung at Pig-Min, a games developer, is “the arch-enemy of the Korean gaming community”. This is all part of a bigger problem: technology-related censorship. In 2009 an online “economic prophet” who called himself Minerva was prosecuted for making gloomy predictions about the South Korean economy and casting aspersions on policymakers. The 30-year-old was later acquitted. The only charge that stuck was the state’s heavy-handedness. Unusually in a democracy, a “real-name” system is now in effect for those posting on popular online forums: any participant signing up to websites must use their national identity number. So would-be Minervas are now easily traced. The spread of false information carries a maximum punishment of five years’ imprisonment and a hefty fine. What is more, since 2008 a supposedly independent Korea Communications Standards Commission has had the remit to promote a “sound and friendly communications environment”. Critics argue that the commission serves as the government’s de facto internet censorship body. It is supposed merely to “advise” portals to remove articles believed to contain falsehoods, obscenity or statements in favour of North Korea that infringe the National Security Act. In fact it may issue administrative orders backed up by law, forcing content to be deleted. Unsurprisingly, its “advice” tends to be followed. Chang Ha-joon of Cambridge University, whose free-trade critique, “Bad Samaritans”, is on a list of books the defence ministry has banned troops from reading, argues that such efforts are counterproductive. “This is not the 1980s, when you could just cut a few telephone lines,” he says. Blocking free speech in one place would simply “start a bushfire” somewhere else. Much of the desire to control the flow of information and ideas can be traced back to longstanding fears over the spread of North Korean propaganda, which remains illegal. The administration of President Lee Myung-bak has additional suspicions about the power of IT thanks to massive, internet-driven protests against imports of American beef that brought Seoul to a standstill in 2008. Yet South Korea’s mild paranoia about controlling information harms its reputation as a liberal democracy and undermines its potential as a creative powerhouse. | <urn:uuid:a12e3a1b-32c8-4d77-8961-1c51c82ed4da> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://kwikiblog.blogspot.com/2011/04/censorship-in-south-korea-game-over.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00512-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943177 | 835 | 2.265625 | 2 |
The TUC said 149 of the 232 local authority areas across the UK had at least 1,000 long-term unemployment claimants.
In London, 27 out of 33 boroughs have over 1,000 people spending their second festive season in a row out of work, the study found. Long-term unemployment, counting those out of work for at least a year, has been increasing despite falls in the jobless total.
More than 250,000 people aged between 16 and 24 have been out of work for over a year, badly hitting their career prospects, said the TUC.
General secretary Brendan Barber said: "While the recent fall in unemployment has brought some seasonal cheer, it's very concerning that 400,000 people are set to spend their second successive Christmas on the dole, with many more out of work and unable to claim.
"There is never a good time to be out of work but it's particularly tough at Christmas when there is a lot of pressure to buy presents for the kids and big family reunions that add to food and transport costs.
"These long periods of unemployment not only carry a harsh financial penalty, they can knock people's confidence and cause permanent damage to their career. With the proportion of unemployed people out of work for 12 months at a 15-year high, the Government should make tackling long-term unemployment a top priority.
"We need to see more investment in getting people back to work so that fewer people have to spend their next Christmas on the dole again."
Employment Minister Mark Hoban said: "As the end of the year approaches, we have more people in employment than ever before, the private sector is creating far more jobs than are being lost in the public sector, and long-term unemployment has fallen, with the number of people out of work for more than six months down by 62,000, according to recent figures.
"But we are not complacent - we know there are still lots of challenges ahead. That is why the new year will see the Government continuing to work hard to help those people who want to get on in life by giving them the support they need to find work." | <urn:uuid:d6aebdd8-235b-4b6d-a288-0b91a8b9bd86> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/366114/Christmas-on-dole-again-for-400-000 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00166-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971901 | 440 | 1.6875 | 2 |
The Frankopan Castle
The castle was built around 1500 above the gorge of the River Dobra – Đula’s Abyss. The founder of the town was Bernardin Frankopan, one of the most powerful noblemen of his time and the feudal master of Modruš, Plaško, Vitunj, Tounj, Zvečaj, Bosiljevo, Novigrad and Dubovac.
It belongs to the period of Renaissance castles. The town walls surround the courtyard area on three sides, while on the fourth there is a three-storey building with towers at the edges. Its military significance and the position of the town of Ogulin required a well-fortified structure.
Today, the castle houses The County Museum opened in 1967. It owns several collections showing exhibits of various kinds: archaeology, ethnology, old armaments, a memorial room for Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić (a renowned Croatian fairy-tale author), mountaineering, and an exhibition of the academic painter Stjepan Galetić born in Ogulin who donated 200 of his artefacts to the museum.
More info: The Frankopan Castle
Foto: Vjekoslav Žgela | <urn:uuid:d94d87e0-1bc1-4bea-a598-447ae4722e7c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://slunj-rastoke.hr/en/the-frankopan-castle/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.939902 | 264 | 2.96875 | 3 |
A syndrome that occurs several days prior to the onset of menstruation.
Characterized by one or more of the following: irritability, emotional
tension, anxiety, mood changes, esp., depression,
headache, breast tenderness with or without
swelling, water retention, which may be sufficient enough to cause
edema (swelling). The symptoms subside close to the onset of menstruation.
Not completely understood, but related to the alterations in estrogen
and progesterone during the menstrual cycle. One cause of PMS is hormone
imbalance (excessive estrogen levels and inadequate progesterone levels).
Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) is
also a factor. Fluid retention affects the blood flow, reducing the
oxygen in the uterus, ovaries, and brain.
PMS can start as early in the menstrual cycle as one to two weeks
before the menstrual flow starts. Symptoms may include any or all
of the following: depression, cramps, water retention, skin eruptions,
headaches, bloated abdomen, backache, breast swelling and tenderness,
fatigue, nervousness, joint pain, fainting spells, and changes in
personality (such as outbursts of anger, violence, and thoughts of
suicide). PMS is linked to food allergies,
candidiasis, malabsorption. Unfortunately,
some women have been misdiagnosed as mentally ill when vitamin therapy,
exercise, and change of diet was all that was needed.
Depends on the severity of symptoms. Mild analgesics may be helpful,
but in severe cases restriction of salt intake and use of a diuretic
to control fluid retention may be indicated.
Herbal Medicine Formulas and Recipes
Calcium with magnesium chloride, 1,500 mg. per day,
relieves cramping, backache, and nervousness. Primrose oil, 2
capsules 3 times per day. Vitamin B
complex, 50 mg. 3 times per day, reduces
water retention. Vitamin E, 400 IU at first,
increase to 800 IU, helps relieve sore breasts, and improves
oxygen utilization. Kelp, 4 tablets per day, is a good
mineral source. L-Lysine, 500 mg. daily,
start 5 days before menstrual period for those who suffer
from hypoglycemia and/or herpes.
L-Tyrosine, 500 mg. daily, is needed to
reduce anxiety, depression and headache.
Multivitamin and mineral complex with manganese, taken as directed
on the label. Vitamin C with bioflavonoids, 3,000
mg. daily in divided doses, helps in the relief of discomfort
and breast swelling, and boosts the immune system. Vitamin D,
taken as directed on the label, is needed for uptake of calcium and
- Chaste tree, berries
- Dong quai
- Evening-primrose, common, oil
- Ginseng, Siberian (do not use if you are hypoglycemic)
- Lady's mantle
- Raspberry leaves
- St. John's wort
- Squaw vine
- Thistle, blessed
- Valerian, American
- Yam, wild
Dong quai relieves PMS symptoms including pain, bloating, vaginal
dryness, and depression.
Avoid salt, alcohol, caffeine, red meats, dairy products, sugar in
any form, processed foods, fast foods or junk foods. Do not smoke.
The thyroid gland's function should be evaluated. Large numbers of
women with PMS have thyroid dysfunction of some type. The effectiveness
of oral contraceptives is sharply reduced when taking antibiotics.
Estrogen-type hormones should not be used if any of the following
are present: breast cancer, pregnancy, abnormal vaginal bleeding,
or phlebitis (inflammation of the leg veins). | <urn:uuid:ddbb2180-411d-4360-9399-a6bd02eeea55> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.emedicinal.com/diseases/premenstrualsyndrome.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00394-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.839888 | 817 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Rapid, deep breathing lowers your vitality, reduces your resistance to disease, and leads to an agitated state of mind.
You need to breathe better!
Your brain requires the right amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide for clear thinking. Your muscles need it for vitality. And your digestive system needs it to utilise the food you eat and to get rid of waste products.
Our breathing mechanism is automatic and is based on past habits. Many of us develop bad breathing habits which result in an overall reduction in health.
Our breathing mechanism should be as natural as that of a healthy baby – but is more usually based on acquired habits such as:
- Mouth breathing
- Upper chest breathing
- An irregular or gasping rhythm.
Better breathing – your route to calmness
Altering your breathing quickly alters your mood. And developing good breathing habits begins to improve vitality, better health, and calmness.
For example sitting quietly and allowing your breathing to become calmer, slower and shallower can produce a calmer state within a few minutes.
So being able to alter your breathing – to temporarily move from ‘automatic’ to ‘manual’ control puts you more in the driving seat of your own emotions and the general rule is
- Deep breathing tends to produce more agitation
- Shallow and slow breathing produces calmness
Becoming skilled at changing your state through altering your breathing boosts your confidence in your state-management ability so that unwelcome moods become just that – unwelcome. Not fearful, or threatening, nor in some way indicative of personal weakness or inadequacy.
Having the breathing skills to alter such unwelcome moods puts you in charge of yourself.
Incidentally, while you can very quickly change your state using breathing methods you also need to change your thinking patterns to ensure that the change of state continues. If you only alter your breathing but continue with the same old thoughts the unwelcome moods will quickly return.
by Reg Connolly
Our Breathing pages
Breathing with the diaphragm https://pe2000.com/breathing/breathe_diaphragm/
Easy Breathing https://pe2000.com/breathing/breathe_easy/
Buteyko Breathing https://pe2000.com/breathing/buteyko/
The Sigh Breath https://pe2000.com/breathing/breathe_sigh/
12 tips for better breathing https://pe2000.com/breathing/breathe_tips/ | <urn:uuid:a48e9cad-295b-4290-9159-643aa01d3f3e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pe2000.com/breathing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.901468 | 545 | 2.5625 | 3 |
By Martin Phiri:
Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (Qech) now has an operational oxygen plant which is expected to ease shortage of oxygen amidst Covid-19 scare.
Qech Director, Samson Mndolo, revealed this when the Deputy Minister of Health, Chrissie Kalamula Kanyasho, led a delegation on a tour of the referral hospital to appreciate Covid -19 interventions in Blantyre.
He said the hospital is now able to produce and supply enough oxygen to wards at reduced cost, hence can ably handle Covid-19 patients.
“Covid-19 patients need more oxygen than others. We need to supply more oxygen because Covid-19 patients always need intensive care. We also need more oxygen regulators to supply to all wards,” he said.
However, Mndolo said the hospital needs more staff as some nurses and clinicians have been quarantined due to the Coronavirus pandemic.
“We already had too many vacancies at the hospital before Covid-19 and this has been aggravated due to pressure of the Coronavirus. I have proposed to government that we urgently recruit nurses and clinicians not only for Qech but also for other Covid-19 isolation centres,” he said.
Mdolo said existing staff is stigmatised when using public transport due to rising cases among health workers hence they need special transport to and fro work.
“We currently hire four Malawi Post Office buses at MK100, 000 each per day, excluding fuel and allowances for drivers, which is putting pressure on our budget. We initially planned to stop the arrangement but 31st July but I think we were dreaming,” he said.
Mndolo said another challenge is delays in payment of allowances which has resulted in sit-ins and boycott of duties among health workers.
On her part, Kanyasho said she is impressed with interventions being undertaken such as the oxygen plant, field hospitals and dedication of staff towards treatment and management of corona virus cases.
Qech tests 25 people every day, where half test positive and five get critical attention.
Blantyre as a district has more than 700 registered Covid-19 cases, with 28 deaths.
A vibrant writer who gives a great insight on hot topics and issues | <urn:uuid:0f10f650-0a27-471b-9f2f-6c348051d17c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://times.mw/oxygen-plant-to-ease-shortage-at-qech/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.968641 | 476 | 1.679688 | 2 |
When many people plan out a garden, they focus on what plants they want to grow. Do you want to focus on flowers or vegetables? What type of soil do you want to use? These are all excellent questions, but you don’t want to neglect the fantastic décor options available in your garden. Today, we’re looking at some of the most exciting decorative projects you can add to your garden to see which ones are right for you.
Wind chimes are a fantastic way to add a bit of color and sound to your personal space. Many people find the gentle sounds of chiming glass calming, while others may prefer the soft clunks of bamboo from a wooden chime. No matter your preferred style, wind chimes offer an easy-to-install and relaxing form of decorative flair.
Any area of the garden not actively growing plants can become a decorative surface—for example, you can use large flat stones to create a garden path. Glass pebble paving comes in various colors to create beautiful mosaics surrounding planted areas. These customizable surfaces are one of your garden’s most exciting decorative projects because the only limit is your imagination.
Water features look lovely in a garden, but they provide alternative bonuses you may not have considered. A birdbath or fountain looks nice and brings a little white noise to your personal oasis, but it also attracts birds who want to splash around or cool off. Birds are great for your vegetable garden, keeping insects at bay so they won’t spoil your crops.
Most people garden while the sun is out, but adding lighting to your garden path or hanging string lights creates a mesmerizing and enchanting ambiance when the sun goes down. If your garden has a place to sit, enjoy the fruits of your labor with some soft lights while the sounds of the evening envelop you. | <urn:uuid:a63b33a3-4f58-4649-a4d7-8f2c12cebcbd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://divinemagazine.biz/most-exciting-decorative-projects-for-your-garden/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.926547 | 391 | 1.59375 | 2 |
The noble hops dominate the conversation (and the markets) when it comes to German hops. However, Germany has produced newer hop varieties that are more flavorful, more interesting, and even more nutritious than the traditional noble hops.
1. Mandarina Bavaria
Released in 2012, Mandarina Bavaria is one of the newer hops of Germany. The hop still retains remnants of being noble, retaining a bit of the spicy and herbal aromas closely associated with noble hops. However, with strands of the USA’s Cascade in its DNA, Mandarina Bavaria has more of the American fruitiness in its flavor and aroma. Its fruity and citrusy flavors of strawberry, gooseberry, black currant, lemon, lime, and tangerine more closely resemble American hops than Germany’s noble varieties.
Opal started appearing in German breweries at around 2004. The hop has noble ancestry, retaining the intense flavors and aromas of peppery spice. Aside from its spice base, Opal produces sweet tones of fruit and citrus. You can say that it has sugar, spice, and a nice amount of fruitiness. Opal is a dual purpose hop and is excellent for bittering. Freshly dried hops can produce a slight garlic-like aroma, so you might want to purchase older stock or keep them in storage for a few weeks to get rid of the garlic.
Another newcomer in 2012, Polaris retains very few traces of its noble origins — if it even has one. Polaris hops evoke strong fruity and citrus notes with a refreshing dash of mint. Younger American beer drinkers used to fruity brews will appreciate Polaris’ blend of intense fruitiness and menthol-like aromas. While Polaris is excellent as a bittering and aromatics, you may need to use a stronger flavoring hop to satisfy your more demanding clients.
Released at around the same time as Opal, Saphir hops (or Sapphire) retains the noble hop characteristics of spiciness and hoppiness but dials it down a bit. It is widely used as an aroma hop, imparting mild notes of spice, berries, and a hint of citrus. However, you can still use Saphir on its own for less bitter brews that allow its flavors to be highlighted like German lagers, pilsners, and saisons. Saphir is one of the harder to find German hop varieties, but you can probably find some in pellet form online.
The oldest hop on the list is also one of the most interesting and probably the most nutritious. Taurus was released in the mid-1990s, and its strange array of flavors and its high levels of xanthohumol made it one of the unique hops in the market. Taurus produced earthy tones with flavors and aromas of bananas, chocolate, spice, and curry. It also had the highest amount of xanthohumol of all the hop varieties. Xanthohumol is a strong antioxidant with almost 200 times the potency of antioxidants found in wine. In lab tests in Oregon, it was proven to be effective in lowering cholesterol and blood sugar.
The noble hops will always have a special place in the brewing community, but Germany’s new hops are blazing their own trail and slowly gaining recognition. | <urn:uuid:5a37a1a5-12d2-4ebe-bfe5-5884dbcc97be> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.goingbeyondwealth.com/get-to-know-the-non-noble-german-hops/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.948023 | 693 | 2.015625 | 2 |
University of Florida nanoresearchers report unprecedented power conversion efficiency with a new graphene-based solar cell.
Prior attempts at using graphene’s single-atom-thick honeycomb lattice in solar cells have shown power conversion efficiencies up to 2.9 percent. The UF team more than tripled those levels, with a record-breaking 8.6 percent efficiency. They achieved these results by chemically treating, or doping, graphene with trifluoromethanesulfonyl-amide, or TFSA.
The results are published in the current online edition of Nano Letters. | <urn:uuid:04e23200-f67f-472c-9a84-71a44a657e5b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nanoscienceworks.org/rss_manager.2006-04-18.1344018745/2012-05-29.3031657504/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00468-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.895712 | 122 | 2.734375 | 3 |
New medical devices, increasingly accurate analysis methods of biochemical samples, and the mass availability of mobile technologies and wireless sensors offer unprecedented possibilities for acquiring, capturing, and storing data on human physiological conditions and processes. To make the best use of such data, it is necessary to combine the knowledge and skills of experts in a number of areas (electronics, signal processing, software engineering, cybersecurity, healthcare). We strive to look for ways to obtain and use the data to contribute to the objectification of diagnostics, the development of personalized medicine, or the development of new tools, aids, or procedures for effective care. Our department seeks to contribute to these goals and focuses on the design, development, and testing of tools for the collection, processing, practical interpretation, and use of relevant complex data from heterogeneous sources.
- Investigating Cookies and App GDPR compliance
- Improving technology and care for people with dementia and their carers
- Design and production of microarray chips for pharmaco-genetics, nutri-genetics, and sport-genetics
- Investigating key neural pathways in Alzheimer’s disease using state-of-the-art imaging modalities
- Predictive models for identifying students at risk of failing in the current academic year
- and more… | <urn:uuid:258d7ccc-f8d9-4ff5-a0dc-23d8021b2324> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://beat.ciirc.cvut.cz/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.897399 | 269 | 2.1875 | 2 |
On May 12, 2015, the private equity firm Apollo Global Management announced it was unloading the remainder of its stake in Noranda Aluminum. Apollo had gained control of the Tennessee-based company in a 2007 leveraged buyout and had subsequently followed a familiar playbook in the cutthroat world of corporate takeovers: It saddled Noranda with the debt it had used to buy the company and then extracted large dividends. As Noranda struggled to stay solvent, Apollo eventually cashed out of the firm. In early 2016, the debt-riddled aluminum company declared bankruptcy, shut down its largest smelting plant in Missouri, and laid off hundreds of employees.
That same day in 2015 that Apollo disposed of its stake in Noranda, Bill Clinton pocketed $250,000 for a speech to one of its subsidiaries, Apollo Management Holdings.
The company declined to answer questions about Clinton’s speech. It would not discuss the subject of his talk or any details about the event. A Clinton spokesman did not respond to requests for comment.
The Apollo speech came a month after Hillary Clinton—who recently said her husband would be “in charge of revitalizing the economy” in her administration—formally declared her candidacy. Prior to launching her White House bid, Clinton had ditched the profitable speaking circuit. (She earned almost $22 million between April 2013 and March 2015, according to an analysis by CNN.) But the former president continued to deliver lucrative paid speeches until late 2015, banking about $3 million in payments just in the months that his wife had been running for president.
According to a financial disclosure filed by Hillary Clinton’s campaign two weeks ago, Bill Clinton gave speeches to a broad range of outfits that doled out more than $200,000 per appearance. These companies and organizations include Univision (which is owned by Haim Saban, a major funder of pro-Hillary super-PACs), investment bank Stephens Inc., computer giant Oracle, and the American Institute of Architects. But Apollo is among the more controversial companies that paid Clinton’s hefty speaking fee. (In 2013, Hillary Clinton also gave a speech to Apollo, netting $225,000.)
Apollo is known as a vulture fund, so named because these types of firms swoop in to buy up distressed companies, in some cases stripping them of their assets and leaving little more than a corporate carcass behind. Founded in 1990, Apollo rose from the ashes of Drexel Burnham Lambert, a major investment bank that collapsed in 1990 due to junk bond pioneer Michael Milken’s illegal trading (for which Milken would receive a 10-year prison sentence, of which he would serve 22 months, and a $600 million fine). When Drexel fell apart, Leon Black, a managing director at the firm, led a group of his co-workers in launching Apollo. Since then, the company’s growth has made Black and his co-founders immensely wealthy. Black is worth about $4.7 billion. Another Apollo co-founder, Joshua Harris, is worth more than $2 billion and in 2011 bought a controlling interest in the Philadelphia 76ers.
Apollo manages a massive $170 billion in assets, spread out between real estate, private equity, and credit. The firm owns or controls large stakes in a host of brand-name companies, including gambling empire Caesars Entertainment Corporation and the suburban mall staple Claire’s. Earlier this year, it purchased security company ADT for $7 billion in a leveraged buyout. Apollo’s financial empire has been built, in part, on business practices that at times have benefited Apollo’s bottom line at the expense of the companies it has subsumed. “Leon is a vulture fund operator,” a businessman who deals with him once told author Daniel Glick. “He feeds on carrion. He eats the animals that other animals have killed.”
Apollo has mastered the art of the leveraged buyout—think the sort of corporate raider activity that Mitt Romney came under fire for during the 2012 campaign. It’s when an investment firm borrows huge amounts in order to purchase a controlling stake in a company, saddles the company with the debt from the buyout, and then pays itself back by extracting funds from the original company. While leveraged buyouts can prove highly profitable to firms such as Apollo (and often the executives at the company that was purchased), it can be devastating to employees of the bought-out companies.
Take Noranda Aluminum, whose New Madrid, Missouri-based smelting plant once employed 900 people. As the St. Louis Post-Dispatch detailed in 2014, the plant was a major employer in the region, one that offered many unionized middle-class jobs, with starting salaries of about $50,000.
Apollo bought Noranda in 2007 in a deal financed with over $1 billion in debt, which then became Noranda’s responsibility. As the Post-Dispatch reported, Noranda almost immediately began paying out lavish dividends to its shareholders—that is, to Apollo. Noranda paid $216.1 million in dividends in 2007, followed by $102.2 million the following year. Meanwhile, falling aluminum prices were eating away at the company’s profits. In 2010, Apollo took Noranda public, but that didn’t work out too well for the company, especially workers at the New Madrid plant.
In May 2015, Apollo decided to sell off its holdings in the company—which was already down to a 33 percent stake after it had sold off its majority interest in 2012. By February 2016, Noranda declared bankruptcy, ceased operations at the New Madrid plant and laid off nearly all its employees at the plant.
Noranda is hardly the lone example where workers have suffered following an Apollo takeover. After the company bought New York chemical company Momentive Performance Materials in 2006, Apollo slashed wages and cut jobs. In 2014, Momentive briefly filed for bankruptcy, eventually erasing $3 billion of its $4.17 billion debt. “Momentive hasn’t posted an annual profit since Apollo bought it,” Bloomberg reported at the time, blaming the debt from the buyout as the cause of Momentive’s troubles.
Apollo has been a major player in the real estate market. In addition to owning a number of choice properties, it manages assets for mortgage lenders. As Bloomberg reported recently, two entities associated with Apollo—ARM Manager LLC and Apollo Residential Mortgage Inc. (AMTG), which each share an address with the company’s headquarters—were recently subpoenaed by the New York State Department of Financial Services. The agency is probing loans owned by these and other firms in which low-income homebuyers with bad credit can take out risky bond-for-title loans, under which borrowers can lose their entire stake in their homes if they miss a single month’s payment. “AMTG and a subsidiary of Apollo Global Management that manages funds for AMTG received a subpoena from the New York State Department of Financial Services and intends to cooperate fully,” a spokesman for AMTG said.
Bill Clinton’s Apollo speech came during a presidential campaign in which Hillary Clinton and her Democratic rival have often stoked populist anger over the economy. “There aren’t enough good-paying jobs, especially for young people,” the Democratic front-runner said in February. “And yes, the economy is rigged in favor of those at the top.”
Hillary Clinton has recently said her husband, whose presidency was marked by historic economic growth, would serve as a kind of economic adviser in her administration. And her husband has said, “I will do everything I can to help should she be elected. I have asked, actually, to be given the job of trying to help every part of the United States that has been left out and left behind economically.” But to do that job well, Bill Clinton would have to take on firms such as Apollo that he himself has benefited from. | <urn:uuid:684d3c52-7288-4e64-aeef-9f56673e0005> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/06/bill-clinton-gave-six-figure-speech-vulture-fund-apollo/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.974417 | 1,663 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Kaitha Shiv Mandir is located around 3 km from Ramgarh in Jharkhand. This
Shiva Temple is currently in a dilapidated situation but
the architecture is unique as it is a combination of Bengal,
Rajput and Mughal style of architecture.
The east facing temple was constructed during the 17th century and a part of the temple was used for military purpose.
The main Shivling worshipped in the temple is placed at a height of more than 12 feet and is accessed by stairs.
The main Shivling has a five-hooded naga canopy. There are tridents and murti of Hanuman in the temple complex.
There is also a cave in the complex which leads to a nearby pond. | <urn:uuid:9e194c28-90c0-444b-a0f6-89c2161e130a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.hindu-blog.com/2014/08/kaitha-shiv-mandir-shiva-temple-at.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00024-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.986574 | 156 | 2.375 | 2 |
«과거, 현재, 미래», 제12회 샤르자 비엔날레
베이트 알 아부디, 샤르자, 아랍에미리트
2015년 3월 5일 - 6월 5일
«과거, 현재, 미래», 제12회 샤르자 비엔날레 전시 전경, 베이트 알 아부디, 샤르자, 아랍에미리트, 2015
사진: Deema Shahin
사진: © Sabine Reitmaier
영상: 양혜규 스튜디오
In her work, Haegue Yang has employed existing ready-made objects such as fans, humidifiers, venetian blinds, clothing racks, and building materials, customizing them with found matter, color, handmade forms, and sensory choreography. At the heart of these works is always a unique play on human experience through temporality and spatialisation. Yang’s work An Opaque Wind (2015) takes as its point of departure the intertwined geo-economic history of Korea and the Gulf region since the 1970s, through which Korean labor and dreams of industrialization lent thousands upon thousands of fathers, uncles, and brothers to construct the oil infrastructure that drives today’s political economy.
A freestanding steel structure stretches across the courtyard of Bait Aboudi, each axis covered with corrugated plate or steel grating, creating an oscillation between transparency and opacity, openness and impenetrability. Situated within this structure and the surrounding incomplete rooms are various sculptures constructed from common construction elements including industrial vents that, like Sharjah’s traditional wind towers before them, take advantage of her directional winds. Within her labyrinthine installation, one space has been transformed into a private, interior space with areesh roof and mats, multilingual local papers, and a satellite-feed of Korean broadcast news recontextualized by a single contemplative voice that ponders the forces that have brought us here.
Curator, Sharjah Biennial 12
Sharjah Biennial 12 The past, the present, the possible Guidebook, Sharjah Art Foundation, 2015, pp. 18-19 (Eng. / Ara. ). | <urn:uuid:5d07319b-7e0b-4f55-a6bc-cce87bcde80d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.heikejung.de/SharjahBiennial12_KR.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.890427 | 649 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Corn nematodes may be the most neglected pest in your fields—and they could be
capping your yields.
"Very few farmers tell me they have a corn nematode problem," says Farm Journal Associate Field Agronomist Missy Bauer. "But we find nematode damage on many field calls. Often, it is misdiagnosed as something else, such as herbicide injury. Nematodes are kind of a hidden enemy."
Surveys confirm that corn nematodes are a growing problem. In a University of Nebraska survey that included 2,179 soil and root samples in 16 states, 81% of the samples contained lesion nematodes. "If you get high enough levels of lesion nematodes, you definitely will have yield loss," Bauer says.
The percentage of nematode infestation might have been even higher if the samples had been collected earlier in the season, before some species, such as sting and needle nematodes, burrowed deeper into the soil, Bauer notes.
Severe infestations of corn nematodes can reduce corn yield by as much as 100%. "I have
observed as high as 70% yield reductions in hot-spot areas with heavy pressure," Bauer says.
Corn nematodes include a number of species of microscopic roundworms, none of which are large enough to see with the naked eye. Compared to the better known soybean cyst nematodes (SCN), which at certain times of the year can just barely be seen, corn nematodes are much smaller.
Like SCN, corn nematodes live and feed on plant roots. "Corn nematodes are plant parasites, but they are not considered insects," Bauer explains. "At your land-grant university, you’ll find nematode information in the plant pathology department, not the entomology department."
Why more nematodes? Nematologists believe corn nematode populations are increasing for several reasons. "More corn on corn favors some species of nematodes that formerly were kept in check by rotating corn with soybeans," Bauer says. "Less tillage also favors nematode survival. The pyrethroid insecticides we now use have less effect on nematodes than the old organophosphate and carbamate products, which are being phased out. We also are applying fewer insecticides because of the use of transgenic corn."
No field is immune from the threat of corn nematodes. "It’s a misconception that nematodes occur only in sandy soil," Bauer explains. "Although some species live only in sandy soil, others occur in every soil texture. Even if you don’t farm sand, you still need to watch for nematodes."
Damage symptoms. Damage often shows up in circular areas or patches within a corn field. "The stand may look thinner in that area because corn is stunted," Bauer says. "When corn is in a rapid growth stage, damage may appear to dramatically worsen over a couple days’ time. In a situation like that, if you analyze the roots, you’ll find fewer root hair and stunted corn roots."
Plants stunted by corn nematodes may appear to be suffering from a nutrient deficiency, she says. They are because the damaged roots can’t take up nutrients as they should.
"You need to know if nematodes are stealing yield," Bauer says. "Start by comparing roots from plants in a ‘hot spot’ to the roots of plants that look normal; see if they look different. Damaged roots may have a stopped-off or club-shaped appearance. The tips may turn brown, appear dead and stop growing; this can look like herbicide injury. Lack of root hairs also is a symptom of nematode damage."
Nematode testing. The only sure way to confirm the presence of corn nematodes is to send soil and root samples to a diagnostic laboratory. To find a laboratory, check with your land-grant university plant pathology department or your local Extension specialist.
It’s not enough simply to know nematodes are present; your laboratory analysis also will tell you which types and how many of each are in your fields. "A number of nematode species may attack corn," Bauer says.
"Some nematodes, such as sting, dagger, spiral, stunt, stubby root and ring nematodes, are ectoparasites, which means they feed outside the root. Lance and root lesion nematodes are endoparasites, feeding inside the root. Soil samples are effective at identifying ectoparasites. You also need root samples to find the endoparasites, the lance and lesion nematodes."
Bauer tries to collect soil and root samples four to six weeks after planting because some nematodes move deeper as the soil warms up in the summer. "If they get too deep, you won’t pick them up in your samples," she says. "Also, since the nematodes will be feeding in the root zone early in the season, you can take a shallower sample.
"Pull 10 soil cores per sample. Start 4" to 6" from the base of a plant and probe the soil at a 45° angle through the root zone.
"Before you head to the field, check with your lab about what depth of sample they prefer. Generally, if you sample at four to six weeks after planting, the lab will want a 6" to 8" depth. If you get into postharvest sampling, most labs want a 12" sample."
Along with soil samples, your lab will need a root sample. "Pull five root balls for each sample," Bauer says. "Dig up the entire root ball. Shake off most of the soil, and break off the plant just above the base of the crown."
Five root balls and 10 soil cores make one composite sample.
Store samples in sealable plastic bags to conserve moisture and keep the nematodes alive until the sample reaches the lab.
"If you will be sampling all day, store your samples in a cooler with ice packs," Bauer says. "If there will be a delay in shipping them to the lab, store the samples in a refrigerator. Ship samples early in the week, so they won’t lay around at the lab over a weekend."
Sampling strategies. Your sampling strategy will vary depending on whether you are analyzing a problem area, defining baseline levels of nematodes or comparing strip trials of nematode control products.
Yield maps and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) maps can help you identify problem areas, which you can ground-truth with soil and root samples.
To analyze a problem area, "don’t sample right in the heart of the bad area because after plants get in really bad shape, the nematode populations decrease and they move outward," Bauer says. "When this happens, you’ll see a circular pattern of damage, with the worst plants in the center. If you pull your sample from that area, you may miss the nematodes. Take one sample from the stunted area, outside the really bad area, and another from farther out, where plants have not been damaged. This is very important if your objective is to diagnose a hot spot."
If you’re not aware of any nematode problems, determining baseline levels will help you decide whether seed treatments will pay off in the future. "To determine baseline levels, you must respect soil types by pulling random soil cores from within each one," Bauer says.
In one field, Bauer found 180 lesion nematodes per root sample on higher ground, compared to 56 nematodes per root sample on lower ground. "If you mix different soil types in one sample, you’ll wind up with average readings, and you won’t be able to detect differences between risk levels," she says.
If necessary, you can pull samples after harvest; but sampling four to six weeks after planting, before nematodes go deep, is best. "If you sample at harvesttime, pull 12" soil cores, rather than 6" to 8"," Bauer advises.
Analyzing strip trials requires a systematic approach because nematode populations are highly variable.
"If half of your planter contained a nematode seed treatment and the other half didn’t, you can’t just pull one sample from each side," Bauer says. "Instead, pull a few replications within several small sample areas.
"For example, taking six samples out of the treated area and six from the untreated area will eliminate some of the variability," she says. "Take all the samples in a straight line, or transect, across the plots. Collect one of these multiple samples from an area where the corn looks bad and one from an area with less visual damage."
Collect the strip-trial samples—both soil and root samples—four to six weeks after planting.
Utilize test results. Base your control strategy on the treatment threshold for the species in your fields. "Treatment threshold for needle and sting nematodes, the most damaging species, in some cases may be as low as one nematode per 100 cc [about 1⁄2 cup] of soil," Bauer says.
Root lesion, lance, dagger and stubby root nematodes, which are considered moderate-risk, have higher treatment thresholds. Lower-risk species are spiral and stunt nematodes.
If you find a nematode problem, treatments are available, unlike a few years ago. With these new options, many growers are just one soil and root analysis away from higher corn yields.
Nematode Threat Is Real
A nematode sampling survey in southern Michigan, conducted by Farm Journal Associate Field Agronomist Missy Bauer (and funded by the Corn Marketing Program of Michigan) suggests corn nematodes are a bigger threat than previously suspected.
The June 2010 survey included 366 samples. Of those, 83% contained lesion nematodes in the soil or corn roots and 39% contained dagger nematodes, which are in the moderate-risk category. Only 2.5% had no nematodes.
The samples were assigned a risk index level from the Michigan State University Plant and Pest Diagnostic Laboratory. Only 40% of the samples were rated low- to no risk; 52% were found to be moderate-risk; 8% were rated high to severe. | <urn:uuid:2033c90d-ead2-422b-bfad-6b4075e3592f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.agweb.com/farmjournal/article/whip_corn_nematodes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00516-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946414 | 2,195 | 3.0625 | 3 |
SRINAGAR, Jammu and Kashmir
The detention of pro-India leaders in Jammu and Kashmir has deprived New Delhi of its only reliable asset in the Muslim-majority state, where an insurgency has been simmering for decades.
On Aug. 5, India withdrew legislation guaranteeing autonomy and exclusive land rights to the region, riling Pakistan and China.
Besides a security and communications lockdown, Indian authorities jailed three former chief ministers; Farooq Abdullah, his son Omar Abdullah and Mehbooba Mufti; several former ministers and Sajad Lone, a former ally of the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
During the only demonstration protesting the arrests, several women, including Farooq Abdullah’s sister and daughter, were detained and let off only after signing a bond that they would never again raise their voices against the abrogation of the special legislation. Another of his sisters is still under house detention.
Farooq Abdullah and two associates in his party, Akbar Lone and Hasnain Masoodi, represent Kashmir in the Indian Parliament. They have yet to resign.
Farooq Abdullah, two-time chief minister of the state, had previously said Kashmir’s relation with India would cease to exist if its special status were to be withdrawn.
Echoing him, Mehbooba Mufti had warned that “no one would be left in Kashmir to raise the Indian flag” if the special status was breached.
So, what led the Indian government to virtually overthrow its own support base and risk political vacuum in the insurgency-ridden region?
One factor was that pro-India politicians were the only ones left to oppose the scrapping of the special status, as separatist leaders are currently in jail and a security lockdown has made public uprisings nearly impossible.
Also, if pro-India politicians were able to mobilize international support regarding this latest move, it would have been difficult for the Indian state to call five of its own parliamentarians “proxies of Pakistan”, as separatists are frequently referred to.
While earlier governments, mostly led by the Congress party, would skirt around such tricky situations through diplomacy, the ruling BJP intends to structurally alter the way the state is governed.
In fact, the party declared its intention to do away with the special legislations the day it formed a coalition government with Mehbooba Mufti’s People’s Democratic Party (PDP), apparently irked of any Kashmiri political party harboring even sub-nationalistic agenda or engaged in identity politics.
According to retired law professor Sheikh Showkat Hussain, the BJP wants to introduce a new class of politicians who can counter separatist sentiments in the region.
“Like the British, India too had manufactured and nurtured a class of collaborators. Collaboration is always rewarded and collaboration becomes an alibi for corruption. What the BJP wants to do differently is to create a class that would unequivocally endorse the Indian policies on Kashmir,” he said.
“But the earlier class of pro-India politicians still had some weight. The BJP is clutching at straws. The new crop of individuals they are banking on are nobodies,” Showkat added.
However, according to BJP Jammu and Kashmir general secretary Ashok Kaul, the party has a plan.
“You will see that within six months or a year, genuine pro-India voices will emerge from Kashmir. We will make it happen through good governance, building schools and hospitals. Our party will be in the front seat now. There will be our chief minister,” he said.
Asked by Anadolu Agency for the names of three potential pro-India leaders from his party, Kaul said: “There will be leaders. Their stature might not be big but it will happen.”
Kashmir, a Muslim-majority Himalayan region, is held by India and Pakistan in parts and claimed by both in full. A small sliver of Kashmir is also held by China.
Since they were partitioned in 1947, the two countries have fought three wars — in 1948, 1965 and 1971 — two of them over Kashmir.
Some Kashmiri groups in Jammu and Kashmir have been fighting against Indian rule for independence, or for unification with neighboring Pakistan.
According to several human rights organizations, thousands of people have reportedly been killed in the conflict in the region since 1989.
Anadolu Agency website contains only a portion of the news stories offered to subscribers in the AA News Broadcasting System (HAS), and in summarized form. Please contact us for subscription options. | <urn:uuid:3d7a7514-dfb4-4949-97fc-1dc8328a446a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.alaturkanews.com/2019/11/16/what-made-india-overthrow-support-base-in-kashmir/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.972959 | 957 | 2.171875 | 2 |
- Intern Daniel Hernandez Jr. helped Rep. Gabrielle Giffords when she was shot
- Hernandez, now 23, has written a memoir of the experience and his youth in Arizona
- As a gay Hispanic man, Hernandez aims to inspire other youths with his story
Daniel Hernandez Jr. isn't your typical 23-year-old.
On January 8, 2011, Jared Lee Loughner opened fire at a "Congress on Your Corner" event in Tucson, Arizona, featuring U.S. Rep. Gabrielle Giffords. Since he had some medical training, Hernandez ran toward the gunfire to tend to victims, realized Giffords was shot on the left side of her head and used his bare hands to keep her from losing more blood. Six people died and 13 people were injured, including Giffords, who is still recuperating.
That was Hernandez's first week interning for Giffords. He was only 20.
He's been credited with saving Giffords' life and recognized as a hero, although he rejects the title.
Since the tragedy, Hernandez's life hasn't been the same: It's involved interviews, meeting the president and first lady, and national fame. After graduating from the University of Arizona, he was elected to serve on a school board in Tucson but also travels the country as an inspirational speaker.
Now, in a heartfelt memoir, "They Call Me a Hero: A Memoir of My Youth," the Tucson native speaks in detail of the shooting, the experiences that have helped shaped him and why he doesn't want to be called a hero.
Hernandez spoke with CNN about the book and growing up gay and Hispanic in Arizona. An edited transcript of the conversation is below.
CNN: It's clear in the book that you aren't comfortable with the word "hero" or the attention, so what challenges did you come across when writing this book?
Daniel Hernandez Jr.: You know, it's not easy writing a memoir when you don't like talking about yourself. (laughs) That was something I had to overcome quickly.
I was very fortunate in working with young-adult writer Susan Goldman Rubin. But, when we were writing, she kept having to remind me, "I need you to tell me what it was like and how you felt," because I was very matter-of-fact and straightforward. Having to talk about my emotions and having to remember very sad and tragic memories was very tough for me.
Giving up my privacy to achieve writing what I thought was a good book was difficult, but I didn't want to write something and hold back, because that would've defeated the purpose of writing a memoir.
CNN: What inspired you to write this memoir?
Hernandez: I was first approached to do a memoir right after the shooting, but the pitch seemed opportunistic and contrived and not something I was willing to do, especially considering six people were just killed and 13 were injured. I didn't want it to seem like I was taking advantage of something so horrific.
If it were up to me, I would not be writing a memoir at the age of 21. But the idea of public service and getting young people involved came up, and that interested me, because there aren't too many young gay Latino authors who are writing about their experiences. So that's why I really chose to work on this project.
CNN: Whom did you write book for?
Hernandez: I've traveled around the country and have met LGBT or Latino young people who think they aren't being taken seriously, who are doing amazing work on social issues, who would say to me, "We're so excited that you're here. We never see people like us working to make this world a better place."
I was writing to them.
CNN: After the shooting, you were hesitant to do any interviews, but then a friend who helped you with the press said it was important "to show that a Hispanic man saved the day in a state that has been discriminatory toward Hispanics." Was this what made you change your mind?
Hernandez: Someone who is in my shoes who probably should've never had the opportunity to intern for the congresswoman, because Latinos aren't expected to do well academically.
Kelly made me realize that something positive had to come out of this horrific situation, especially someone who typically wouldn't be in this position.
I still continue to do interviews because I think it's important for people to see "this is the face of Arizona, this is the face of America," and it's a different face from the one you are used to, but it's one that's in every community around this country.
CNN: Is it difficult to be Hispanic and gay in Arizona?
Hernandez: It depends on where you are, sadly. For example, I do a lot of driving, and when I'm in rural Arizona, I'll get pulled over a lot but not because I'm speeding but because of what I look like. He'll say, "You were reported as being suspicious," and I'll hand over I.D., but then his whole demeanor will change, and he'll say, "Aren't you the guy who helped Gabby?"
It's really striking that I went from being a "suspicious driver" to being the "hero" who helped Gabby. It's one of the reasons that I'm so vocal about staying in Arizona and doing what I can do here. I love Arizona. But if Latinos aren't here to fix these problems, then it's never going to be done. It'll only get worse. The demographics will change soon; the Latino population will soon be the majority, but we need institutions to facilitate that. I want to show that we're here and we care just as much as you do about making Arizona a better place to live for everyone.
CNN: Do you have a five-year plan?
Hernandez: I'll probably go back to grad school at some point, learn as much as I can from people all over the country. Whether it's volunteering at the school board or writing a book, I'm just making the best out of this horrific situation. Hopefully inspiring some folks to get interested in their community that otherwise weren't involved.
Unfortunately, there is no grandiose five-year plan. There used to be, but things have changed because of what happened on January 8. I never thought that I'd be in the position that I'm in now. | <urn:uuid:41ed243c-7ff4-442d-80bf-57eabc9d7fe8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cnn.com/2013/02/05/living/daniel-hernandez-giffords-book/index.html?hpt=li_t3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00052-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.989499 | 1,329 | 1.8125 | 2 |
When using ansible and its “setup” module to gather ad-hoc facts-data about multiple hosts, remember that it runs the jobs in parallel which may result in out-of-order output. With “ansible -f1” the number of parallel processes can be limited to one to ensure this won’t happen. E.g.:
$ ansible all -f1 -m setup -a filter=ansible_mounts
(the filter argument for the facts module is also a nice feature). | <urn:uuid:5541290b-5975-4c02-81a1-cca92e90db12> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://mvogt.wordpress.com/2013/06/01/ansible-ad-hoc-data-gathering/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720845.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00087-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.834976 | 112 | 1.828125 | 2 |
One in seven Covid-19 deaths in the North East has been in a care home, as new figures begin to give a better indication of the true scale of the outbreak's impact.
Across the North East, 585 deaths have been registered where Covid-19 is mentioned on the death certificate.
The figures, published this morning by the Office for National Statistics, cover deaths on dates up to April 10, which had been registered by April 18.
Of the 585 deaths across the North East, most (478) took place in hospital, but one in seven (14.9%) were in care homes, a total of 87.
There were also 16 deaths recorded at home, two in hospices, one in other communal establishments, and one elsewhere.
Other communal establishments include prisons, halls of residence, hotels, and sheltered accommodation.
Elsewhere includes places other than hospitals, homes, care homes and other communal establishments, such as deaths on roads, outside and on the street, or in someone else's home. It also also includes people who are pronounced dead on arrival at hospital.
Hartlepool saw the biggest proportion of deaths taking place in care homes, with four out of 19, or 21.1%.
Overall, Covid-19 was a factor in 6.7% of deaths that occurred across the North East up to April 10, although the figure stood at 11.2% of deaths (or 55 out of 492) in Middlesbrough.
Across the North East, for deaths registered in the week ending April 10, 228 mentioned coronavirus on the death certificate, up from 134 the week before.
That represented a third of all deaths registered in that week.
Overall, in the week ending April 10, there were 849 deaths registered - this was 79 more deaths than the previous week.
It was also 313 more than the five-year average for the same week (although where Easter falls will affect this figure) - 58.4% higher than the average of 536 deaths.
The total for the week to April 10 was the highest number recorded for any week since published figures began in 2010.
Across England and Wales, the number of deaths being registered that involve Covid-19 continues to climb, almost doubling in a week, with more than 1,000 now confirmed in care homes.
Labour leader Keir Starmer is among those urging the government to record all coronavirus-related care home deaths in its daily briefings.
The Care Quality Commission (CQC), England's health and social care regulator, said it was working to "provide more detailed information about how the pandemic is affecting care homes".
A statement from the Department of Health said: "Every death from this virus is a tragedy and that is why we are working around the clock to give the social care sector the equipment and support they need to tackle this global pandemic.
There were 6,213 deaths registered in the week ending April 10 where the death certificate mentions Covid-19.
A doctor can certify the involvement of Covid-19 based on symptoms and clinical findings – a positive test result is not required.
That means the virus was involved in a third (33.6%) of all deaths, up from a fifth (21.2%) the week before, when 3,475 such deaths were registered.
For all deaths registered up to April 10, 10,350 mentioned Covid-19 on the death certificate.
Of these, 83.9% (8,673 deaths) occurred in hospital, meaning one in six (16.1%) happened in care homes, private homes and hospices.
That includes 1,043 deaths in care homes, 466 in private homes, and 87 in hospices.
Between the week ending March 13, when the first Covid-19 deaths were registered, and the week ending April 10, the number of deaths in care homes has doubled, from 2,471 deaths to 4,927, while there has been a 72.4% increase (an extra 3,603 deaths) in hospitals, and 51.1% increase in private homes (1,392 deaths).
Overall, there were 18,516 deaths registered in England and Wales in the week ending April 10.
This is up by 2,129 compared with the previous week.
It is also 7,996 higher than the five-year average and is the highest weekly total since Week 1 in 2000.
Below is a table showing the number of deaths in the North East where Covid-19 was mentioned on the death certificate on dates to April 10, registered by April 18.
|Local Authority||Total||Hospital||Care home||Home||Hospice||Other communal establishment||Elsewhere|
|Newcastle upon Tyne||58||39||17||1||1||0||0|
|Redcar & Cleveland||26||22||2||1||0||0||1| | <urn:uuid:ea28f77a-63b7-4ca5-af8c-bf26e155185d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/coronavirus-care-home-death-toll-18127793 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.967472 | 1,226 | 1.882813 | 2 |
A real estate closing is the process of transferring ownership of a property from the seller to the buyer. It is an important step in the home buying process, and it's essential that you understand what to expect during the closing process. In this blog post, we will explore what a real estate closing entails and how a title agent can help make the process smoother for you. Thanks for reading!
Once your realtor has your contract bound and your escrow deposit is collected from you, your contract is provided to the lender you are working with. The escrow deposit is a deposit of money that is made by the buyer, and the buyers realtor holds the funds until closing. The purpose of the escrow deposit is to show good faith on the part of the buyer and is applied to the purchase price at the time of closing.
The second step is the "loan application." The loan application is a document that is completed by the buyer and submitted to the lender. The loan application includes information about the buyer's employment, income, debts, and assets. The lender will use this information to determine whether or not the buyer qualifies for a loan.
The third step is the "loan approval." Once the lender has reviewed the loan application and determined that the buyer qualifies for a loan, the lender will provide a loan approval. The loan approval is a document that states the amount of money that the buyer is approved to borrow.
The fourth step is the lender reaching out to the title agent to open escrow and conduct the "title search." The title search is a process that is conducted by the title company of a 30 year review in public records was not to ensure that there are no liens or other claims on the property. The title company will also verify that the seller is the rightful owner of the property and any liens found against seller are collected from seller at time of the closing.
The fifth step is the "closing disclosure." The closing disclosure is a document that provides information about the final terms of the loan and the closing costs which is provided by the lender to the buyer. The closing disclosure must be provided to the buyer at least three days before the closing.
The final step is the "closing." The closing is when the ownership of the property is officially transferred from the seller to the buyer. At the Closing, both parties will sign a number of documents, including the deed, the mortgage, and the Closing Disclosure. The Closing is typically handled by a Closing Agent, who will ensure that all of the necessary documents are signed and that the funds are transferred. Congratulations- you are now a homeowner! Thanks for reading.
We hope this article was helpful in explaining what a real estate closing is and what the Closing process looks like. If you have any questions, please feel free to reach out to us. We would be happy to help answer any FAQ’s! Thanks for reading.
Did you find this article helpful? Please share it with your friends! Closing a real estate deal is a big accomplishment- congratulations! | <urn:uuid:61e66a90-423b-4519-83db-f3d73051e529> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.skywaytitle.com/post/what-is-a-real-estate-closing-the-closing-process-explained | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.964793 | 642 | 1.945313 | 2 |
Journal of fish biology vol:52 issue:3 pages:534-546
Fish living in the tidal fresh and brackish water reaches of the Zeeschelde Estuary were studied in samples collected from the cooling-water inlets of three power stations. Between July 1994 and June 1995, 42 different species were recorded including 26 marine migrants, 14 freshwater species and two diadromous species. Species number as well as fish abundance were correlated significantly with salinity and oxygen concentration. The community structure was analysed with a correlation biplot based on principal component analysis of the root-root transformed fish abundance. Four separated communities could be distinguished since the first principal component expressed a salinity and the second a temperature gradient. During summer and fall Pomatoschistus microps, P. minutus, P. lozanoi and Syngathus rostellatus were most abundant in the brackish-water reach. At this time, freshwater species seemed to avoid the freshwater area. During winter, Sprattus sprattus, Clupea harengus and Dicentrarchus labrax were the dominant species of the brackish-water zone while the freshwater reaches were dominated by Gasterosteus aculeatus. Migrating fish such as Pleuronectes flesus, Lampetra flaviatilis, Anguilla anguilla and Osmerus eperlanus were restricted to the brackish environment. (C) 1998 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. | <urn:uuid:9e84be09-b27d-4c2c-bcd0-7a32e2bde356> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/60460 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00228-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946289 | 312 | 2.875 | 3 |
Effort In GradingPaul Vasey | Head of Business, Read School
I believe effort shouldn’t be given extra credit in final exams (whether or not the level of student effort should be considered when assigning grades at the college level) because if you take a step back or look at the real world it simply cannot be allowed to happen.
In order for the student to write their exams, they would have had to do some research, learn more about what the assignment and tutors are asking of them and answer the questions etc thereby fulfilling their requirements which can be compared to the marking scheme. The overall grade received would reflect whether the student did or did not fulfill the requirements of what was being asked of them?
If the grade is low, the student either did not understand what was being asked of them or did not commit sufficient effort to gain the desired grade that reflects the student’s ability. However if the student was conscientious, more preparation and feedback would have been sought from the teacher, thereby understanding what was required and the result would reflect the students ability. The end result of the assignment will be down to ability and preparation. If marks vary it is because some students excel in different areas –academic/vocational.
I also believe that education should have more of a focus on getting the student ready for the real world. The student should be armed with the necessary skills and be competent in whatever job they apply for. The harsh reality is that life is a competition whether it be to represent the school, get a job, girlfriend etc.
If you cannot do the job and are not up to the task the door is always the option. If a pupil is dyslexic in the real world there are very few allowances made. Imagine sitting in the office and I say to Raj –Hey Raj, have you completed the work I set you? No, I need more time because I am dyslexic. In reality time is money. I will let you think about that one before I say something that is not politically correct.
Author Perspective: Administrator | <urn:uuid:8f756fae-c1b3-4914-92af-fe88d99e6a3b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://evolllution.com/opinions/effort-in-grading/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.976104 | 422 | 2.015625 | 2 |
One wouldn't think of Apple's Steve Jobs as an open source pioneer.
But he was.
Apple's 10-year-old Mac OS X is a closed source operating system with open source components.
It is based in part on Darwin, an open source OS originally developed by Apple in 2000 which incorporates code from Jobs' NextStep, BSD and other free software, according to Wikipedia. The BSD code in MacOSX, for example, includes the process model, network stack, and virtual file system, the web encyclopedia also notes.
Here's how Wikipedia describes Darwin's open source nature:
"Darwin's heritage began with Next's NextSTEP operating system, first released in 1989. After Apple bought NeXT in 1997, it announced it would base its next operating system on OPENSTEP. This was developed into Rhapsody in 1997 and the Rhapsody-based Mac OS X Server 1.0 in 1999. In 2000, Rhapsody was forked into Darwin and released as open-source software under the Apple Public Source License (APSL), and components from Darwin are present in Mac OS X today."
In July 2003, Apple released Darwin under version 2.0 of the Apple Public Source License (APSL), which the Free Software Foundation (FSF) approved as a free software license. Previous releases had taken place under an earlier version of the APSL that did not meet the FSF's definition of free software, although it met the requirements of the Open Source Definition.
OF course, most of the core attributes of Mac OSX and iOS are proprietary and no one would lump it in the open source category.
More: Violet Blue: The spontaneous San Francisco Apple Store Memorial for Steve Jobs | Perlow: Jobs made me think different | Farber: He thought different | “Stay hungry. Stay foolish.” | CBS News: Wozniak on Jobs | CNET: A Jobs timeline | ZDNet Steve Jobs memories | CNET roundup |Buzz Out Loud Live | Techmeme | Apple statement
Efforts by Apple to engage the open source community in the development of Mac OSX essentially failed.
The OpenDarwin project, for example, founded by Apple and Internet Systems Consortium in 2002 in an attempt to unify open source programmers and Apple, shut down four years later.
But Darwin the open source operating system is still kicking. There are other Darwin derivates out there, including PureDarwin, an open source OS launched in 2007 that is based on Darwin that incorporates X11, DTrace and ZFS.
As noted by Wikipedia, "parts of NeXT's software became the foundation for Mac OSX, which, together with iOS, is among the most commercially successful BSD variants in the general market."
Mac OSX is not one of those BSDs that is generally available and open source, and nor is it likely ever to be.
But Steve Jobs' early use of BSD and development of Darwin were key endorsements of the open source project concept and the open source development model that tilted public and programmers' opinion in favor of open source.
Jobs was perhaps the earliest, most influential technologist in the world to give open source a nod, and the open source community can be grateful for that. | <urn:uuid:9ef166e4-01b0-4fb6-bc5f-3998a47abddb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.zdnet.com/article/steve-jobs-an-open-source-pioneer-you-bet/?alertspromo=&tag=nl.rSINGLE | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00174-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941214 | 673 | 2.8125 | 3 |
This is the start of a new occasional series on some of the more peculiar arguments I've come across in early Christian literature. These are the quirky bits that somehow never made it into the textbooks.
John Chrysostom, the great fourth-century preacher, described Christ's descent into hell as a kind of poison eucharist. When Christ died, his body descended into the ground. Death ingested his body like food. But this was no ordinary food. It was a fatal poison. It brought on violent stomach cramps, worse (Chrysostom assures us) than the agony of a woman in labour. Death could not digest Christ's body. Death writhed in pain, then vomited: "Like those who take food and vomit it up because they can't retain it, so death vomited. He received the body which he could not digest, and so he had to throw it up again" (all this is from homily 24 on 1 Cor).
But after developing this vomiting image in graphic detail, Chrysostom changes his mind. No, he observes, Christ didn't come back out of the mouth of death. He didn't come out the same way he went in. Death didn't merely vomit; it suffered a massive abdominal rupture. After death had ingested Christ's body – I warn you, this is pretty grisly – it suffered violent convulsions, and then its stomach burst open. Everything came out. Chrysostom is thinking here of the story in Bel and the Dragon, where Daniel killed the dragon by feeding it a concoction of pitch and fat and hair; upon eating this vicious recipe, the dragon's stomach burst open and it died. "For Christ didn't come forth again from the mouth of death, but issued forth from the belly of the dragon, bursting it and ripping it open from within."
Thus the body of Christ proves to be a fatal poison. It destroys death from within. When the stomach of death is violently emptied, it's not only Christ's body that is released. Everything else that death had ever ingested is released as well. The contents of death's stomach are completely emptied. Hell is left empty, and not a single one who died is left in the grave.
And Chrysostom's point? "This is the body that he has given to us to hold and to eat!" These grisly reflections come, after all, in a sermon on the eucharist. Chrysostom is reminding his congregation never to come carelessly or irreverently to the table. "Purify your soul, prepare your mind for the reception of these mysteries!" The same body that poisoned death and emptied the grave is now ingested by the believer. It is the same body, the same potent food. "So," Chrysostom cautions, "let us stir ourselves and be filled with horror." When you come to the table, don't forget what you're about to eat!
"Because of this body I am no longer earth and ashes, no longer a prisoner, but free…. This body, nailed and scourged, was more than death could stand against. The sun turned aside its beams when it saw this body sacrificed. The veil was rent for this body, and the rocks burst open and the whole earth was shaken. This is the very same body!" At the Lord's table we hold this body in our hands. We "kiss" it and "bite it with our teeth." (Chrysostom observes that lovers often nibble each other when they're passionately kissing: in the same way we lovingly nibble the consecrated bread.) Death ingested this body, not knowing that it was eating its own death. The same body is life to us when we eat it. By poisoning and slaying all death's power, this food has become "our hope, our salvation, our light, our life." | <urn:uuid:bb3c9a2a-2c03-426a-85d3-ea64639487c6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.faith-theology.com/2014/03/patristic-peculiarities-john-chrysostom.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00346-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97113 | 791 | 2.6875 | 3 |
by POGANY, Willy, illustrator; FITZGERALD, Edward; MAURIN, binder
Philadelphia: David McKay Co., 1942. A Finely Bound RubaiyatIllustrated by Willy PoganyPOGANY, Willy, illustrator. Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam in English Verse by Edward Fitzgerald. Illustrations by Willy Pogany. Philadelphia: David McKay Co., . Small folio (9 7/8 x 7 1/16 inches; 250 x 180 mm.). [vii], 1-101, [1, printers mark] pp. Sixteen full-page and four smaller black & white drawings, all with decorative borders.Bound ca, 1942 by Maurin (stamp-signed in gilt on front turn-in). Full orange-brown morocco, covers ruled in gilt with a central 'arabesque' design surrounded by four richly gilt decorated corner pieces. Spine with four raised bands, decoratively tooled and lettered in gilt, gilt-ruled board edges, elaborate gilt turn-ins, marbled end-papers, top edge gilt.Very slight crack (but perfectly sound) at top of front joint, otherwise near fine.First published in 1859, Edward FitzGerald's version of Omar Khayyam's quatrains was widely read only after it was taken up by the Pre-Raphaelites in 1861. The height of the poem's popularity corresponded with the heyday of the illustrated book, and such well-known illustrators as Willy Pogany, Edmund Dulac, René Bull and Frank Brangwyn received commissions to illustrate the poem. The drive to illustrate the Rubáiyat was given extra impetus first by the development from the 1860s onwards of wood-engraved colour illustrations and later, around the end of the century, by the coming of color halftone printing. The lushly exotic and sentimental colored illustrations, enabled by Victorian print technology, matched the melancholy hedonism of FitzGerald's version of the Rubaiyat. Apart from the vast number of illustrated Rubáiyats, the proliferation of Omar Khayyam clubs was another manifestation of the cult. Their meetings furnished excuses for rumbustious drinking and the composition of appalling doggerel. The membership of London's Omar Khayyam Club included an impressive number of convivial bookmen including Andrew Lang, Arthur Pinero, Arthur Conan Doyle and Edmund Gosse. Justin McCarthy, the politician and prolific hack novelist, presided. The literary dinners and the pastiches of Khayyam's quatrains tended to stress the heedless bibulousness of the original work. But there is another aspect to the appeal of Khayyam to the Victorian and Edwardian reading public. The first version of the Rubáiyat had been published in 1859, the same year that Darwin's Origin of the Species had appeared. A few years later, Matthew Arnold would publish "Dover Beach", in which the melancholy long retreat of the "Sea of Faith" left humanity on a "darkling plain". Already in 1850, in "In Memoriam", Tennyson had raised questions about Christian doctrine and the immortality of the soul, only to dismiss them with suspicious glibness. The doubts and fears of the twelfth-century Persian philosopher were shared by many of his English and American readers. In the Rubáiyat, as the day wears on, its mostly agnostic protagonist becomes increasingly preoccupied by thoughts of mortality and judgment in a possible afterlife, and this too perfectly matched the Victorian preoccupation with death. Deathbed scenes were a popular staple of fiction and the cowled figure stalked through quite a few novels.
(Inventory #: 03820)
English, American and European Literature, Children's Books, Color-Plate Books, Illustrated Books, Early Printed Books, Private Press Books, Fine Bindings, Original Artwork, High Spot Modern First Editions.
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You can be confident that when you make a purchase through ABAA.org, the item is sold by an ABAA member in full compliance with our Code of Ethics. Our sellers guarantee your order will be shipped promptly and that all items are as described. Buy with confidence through ABAA.org. | <urn:uuid:0e8ef0c3-bdab-4a5f-8327-df1ae59134a3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.abaa.org/book/896890958 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00249-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934562 | 981 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Why is the altar sacred?
The altar is the focus of the Mass and represents the presence of Christ during the ceremony. Eastern Orthodox churches have maintained the early Christian custom of regarding the altar as a table.
When did the Catholic Church turn the altar around?
Is there a difference between praying and talking to God?
There are many forms of prayer. Talking to God is a form of “Conversational” prayer or “Dialogical” prayer. It is the most common type of prayer - the prayer that we are mostly taught at children in the Christian tradition. The second, major type of prayer is called “Contemplative” prayer or “Silent” Prayer.
How do you know when God is telling you to let go?
But when we know in our hearts what we've done is wrong, or are doing is wrong, when we know it's not God's will, when we know He's telling us to let go, when we know now is the right time, or when He tells us when will be the right time, when it's His desire we surrender something, or someone, or some relationship, or ...
Does God lead you to your soulmate?
So your 'soul mate' was with you when God formed you, as Genesis 2:22 says “the LORD God made a woman from the rib he had taken out of the man, and he brought her to the man.” but you guys separated when you manifested in the physical and at God's timing you will be reunited.
What are the signs of soulmate?
18 Signs You've Found Your Soulmate
- You just know it. ...
- They're your best friend. ...
- You feel a sense of calm when around them. ...
- You have extreme empathy for them. ...
- You respect each other. ...
- You balance each other out. ...
- You agree about the important things. ...
- You share the same life goals.
Do soulmates exist in the Bible?
The Bible never mentions the word “soulmate”, but from the text, it's clear that your biblical “soulmate” is simply the person you choose to marry. ... The biblical view here isn't about finding the perfect person who completes you—perfect people don't exist, and only God can satisfy the human heart.
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- What does Tico mean in Portuguese? | <urn:uuid:4a75d0dc-7ae9-48f1-9774-e0e861e49af3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://notes-of-history.com/library/details/read/100346-why-is-the-altar-sacred | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.95656 | 605 | 1.976563 | 2 |
Behind For the 3 Campaign March 26, 2014
Bringing awareness to the isolation felt by the elderly in senior homes
In honor of the 3.3 million elderly people living in senior homes, as reported by U.S. News and World Report, the GlamourGals Foundation launched the “For the 3” campaign this March to raise awareness for elder loneliness.
It is widely recognized that senior home residents suffer from lack of social contact, with little to no visitors. A recent study by the University College London concluded that not just social contact, but physical contact also plays a huge role in an elderly person’s well-being. This is why GlamourGals is a necessity.
GlamourGals works to deter the effects of isolation on seniors: our volunteers fill their local nursing homes with laughter and conversation. When a GlamourGals chapter arrives to host a makeover, the impact comes down to something very simple: making sure the senior feels important — by holding their hand, painting their nails or giving them a hug. The seniors’ social network increases and they also take part in warm interactions with the teen girls - many who come to know each other on a first name basis.
In the University College London study, the most socially isolated seniors were 26 percent more likely to die during the eight year study period than those with the most social lives, despite control factors like age and illness. With 133,400 volunteer hours achieved since 2000, GlamourGals continues to work to improve the well-being of seniors. The “For the 3” campaign aims to remind seniors that a nationwide effort to end their loneliness exists and that they are not forgotten.
-by Heather Furlow | <urn:uuid:05eaff8a-57dc-4561-a798-c7b06ab3563d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.glamourgals.org/blog2/blog-for-the-3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00429-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962008 | 356 | 1.859375 | 2 |
In "A Pair of Tickets," a chapter in Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club, what does the final "it" refer to in these sentences: "It is my family. It is in our blood. After all these years, it can finally let go."
1 Answer | Add Yours
At the very end of Amy Tan’s novel The Joy Luck Club, one of the characters, Jing-Mei Woo, is finally able to meet her two long-lost twin sisters, who had had to be abandoned by their mother in China during a long-ago war. The mother, who had always hoped that her lost daughters would be found and would be able to meet Jing-Mei (who had been born and raised in America), has in the meantime died. Jing-Mei, however, is able to come to China with her father and meet the twins, who very much resemble both their mother and Jing-Mei herself.
When Jing-Mei first sees the twins and realizes how much they resemble her mother, she remarks (as the narrator of the story),
And now I also see what part of me is Chinese. It is so obvious. It is my family. It is in our blood. After all these years, it can finally let go.
These comments echo the very beginning of the chapter, where Jing-Mei had discussed her reluctance, as a thoroughly Americanized high school student, even to think of herself as Chinese despite her mother’s insistence that being Chinese was part of her fundamental identity. Her mother at that time had told Jing-Mei that once a person is Chinese, the person cannot help but feel Chinese emotions and think Chinese thoughts:
“Someday you will see. . . . It is in your blood, waiting to be let go."
Presumably, then, the statement that “it can finally be let go” suggests that now that Jin-Mei has met her sisters, she can experience (and is experiencing) a sense of being Chinese – of being part of a broader Chinese family. She can “let go” (that is, give free rein to) thoughts and feelings she had once resisted. But she can also “let go” (that is abandon) any sense of conflict between her Chinese identity and her American identity. By seeing, feeling, and understanding her connection to her sisters, Jing-Mei now feels more fully connected to her mother as well, and she also feels more at peace with herself. She has achieved various kinds of integration on various kinds of levels. If the phrase “let go” suggests a kind of freedom, then, for one of the first times in her life, Jing-Mei feels fully free to be the kind of person her mother had always insisted she was. By echoing her mother’s words, Jing-Mei implies a recognition of her mother’s wisdom and a sense of even greater closeness to her mother than she had already felt.
We’ve answered 317,671 questions. We can answer yours, too.Ask a question | <urn:uuid:997eb39a-06d7-4f01-b21b-ac24aa5d30f4> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/pair-tickets-what-does-final-refer-here-my-family-276322 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719843.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00292-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.988147 | 642 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Although we strive to do our best for our children, parenting is not easy, and every attempt at parenting is worthy of respect.
It cannot be stated enough that paradoxically, in order to be attached, our child has to be a separate individual. Consequently, there is always a dynamic of tension between how attached they are and how separate they are. This is exacerbated in adolescence, where the need for individuation, separation, and autonomy becomes more prominent and where the brain development starts to create the opportunity for introspection and for the comparison of abstractions. Thus, the sense of needing to have a comfortable view of one’s own self in relationship to others becomes a developmental need. In the face of this, our children need a secure base in order to practice autonomy. Our family can be, and often is, that secure base.
All of us have attachment needs, and each one’s attachment needs compete with the attachment needs of others. As we attempt to meet our attachment needs we move together and move apart. Over the lifespan we change our behaviour to meet our developing attachment needs.
Although we may seek balance in our relationships, as our children and we attempt to meet our attachment needs the attachment seesaw fluctuates between the urge to attach and the urge to separate. The conflict between the urges guarantees there will always be pain in our attachments, along with the joy.
ATTACHMENT & THE DEVELOPING BRAIN
We build the neural structure of our brains that we use as we relate with others, from our earliest experiences through the process of attachment.
Templates for our rules of attachment are encoded in memory that is outside of our conscious awareness. These rules shaping our perceptions and determining our attachment behaviour may keep us stuck in old patterns of relating and make it difficult for us to develop new relational behaviours.
Fortunately, the neuro-plasticity of our flexible, ever-growing brains provides the possibility of new neural circuitry to overcome maladaptive attachment memories. The practice of Interactive Mindfulness aids us in bringing our attachment behaviour into the present, where we are able to make new choices and adapt and grow from them.
The neuroscience of attachment has extraordinary implications for parenting, which we will explore further.
For the most part our particular pattern of parenting is unconscious and automatic, and emerges from our own experiences of being parented. Unless we become mindful of our parenting interactions with our children, reflex behaviour, referred to by Bargh as automaticity, guarantees the transfer of the parenting patterns we have acquired from our parents, to our own children, since, in reality, parenting skills are not deliberately taught.
Automaticity can be a useful mechanism for dealing with routine events that don’t have a relational component, ensuring that we don’t have to spend time re-learning and reconsidering everyday tasks. Cleaning the house, attending to morning rituals, and making our way to work are appropriate activities for reflex behaviour. But when we respond to our children in habitual and predictable ways, our attention is predicted from past events and not focused on the present circumstances, which causes our communication to suffer.
When we are mindful we reduce the automaticity that occurs between our children and ourselves. Our attention becomes focused in the present moment. It is conscious and purposeful. At that point in time our pattern of parenting is grounded in attachment.
SITTING IN SILENCE & SITTING IN CONFLICT
‘Sitting in silence’ is a way of saying that often the conflict is such that silence equals respect. When we don’t say anything and remain in proximity to our child, we give them the message that the conflict is tolerable. This allows the space for communication to occur later when trust, safety, and respect have been established.
If we think that when we are sitting in conflict and in silence nothing is happening, we have missed the significance of this shared experience, because sitting in conflict and in silence is a conscious and active piece of behaviour.
Sitting in conflict and in silence, we are focused on being in the moment, while with our child. Words can get in the way of doing that. As we sit in proximity in silence, our respect for our child and their process will become highly visible to them.
The silence indicates that we are being mindful. We connect mindfulness to silence, first of all, by being mindful of self. The silence gives us the room to be mindful of self.
We cannot simply do this intuitively. We need to assert conscious control over what we are doing, because inevitably, if we are not mindful we will try to impose our choices on our child. If we are not mindful of our own process, there is no way to be mindful of theirs.
Despite our best efforts, when we cope with the demands upon us, we cannot have our attachment needs met all of the time, and we cannot meet all of our children’s attachment needs. The title ‘perfect parent’ is not attainable. As Winnicott pointed out, though, as we attempt to compromise and meet whatever needs we can, we are ‘good enough’ parents.
THE JOY OF SEPARATION
There is grief attached when we leave someone or lose him or her through distance, the process of growth, illness, or death. When we experience loss the balance between two steps forward, one step back; the balance between joy and pain; and the balance between connection and separation come into play in a major way.
Sometimes we protest a separation. We may struggle with the idea of our child maturing, exerting their independence, and seeking their own autonomy.
Sometimes we leave a relationship to serve our attachment needs. Sometimes we stay in terribly dysfunctional relationships because we cannot tolerate the idea of being abandoned. The opposite is also true – sometimes we don’t allow ourselves to enter into relationships because we’ve been through the experience of separation through the death of a loved one, or some other end to a relationship, and we don’t want to do it again.
Although painful, a separation when seen through an Interactive Mindfulness lens marks an acceptance and a celebration of a life process.
We separate at the beginning and at the end of life. We were conjoined with our mother, and then set adrift in the first separation, and then opposite to that, when our mother leaves us by dying, we will sever that cord and feel that loss.
When we are mindful of attachment in the experience of loss, we are able to view life as a series of transitions from one developmental phase to the next. Separations are marks of transitions, marks of moving forward. The process exposes us to joy and pain, and the amount of risk we are willing to tolerate.
Withdrawing, separating, growing, and in whatever way leaving another is a healthy process. It acknowledges, “I’m going to go on with my life, you’re going to go on with your life, and I have every faith we will both be okay.”
We may allow ourselves to tolerate the discomfort, as well as celebrate the relationship. That celebration is a celebration of the process of caring about someone and of them caring about us, and continuing with the process of our lives.
We will carry memories of the other with us as we move on to something else. | <urn:uuid:c7bfe03f-4c6f-499e-a1b9-e85dc25e47a0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.attachmentisforlife.com/parenting/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.953066 | 1,537 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Aside from not having to walk 2 miles (uphill) each way to school through waist deep snow, they have the Internet to provide a rich source of knowledge and information, and don't have to rely on the school library to get this information.
|Source: MS Office Imagebank|
You could always tell when a class received a new assignment when a small horde of students descended on the shelves, each hoping to be one of the two people that actually got a book. The smart kids actually came in early and moved the books far away from where Mr. Dewey (of the infamous Decimal system) said it should be. While the other kids were frantically looking in the Canadian History section, they calmly walked over to the Biography section and retrieved the treasured tome.
But all of this is foreign to kids today. There is no need to fight over books since everything you need is on the Internet.
Are school libraries even needed today?
I often get the chance to talk to groups of teachers about the 1:1 computer program at Appleby College (now in its 13th year) and how homework is distributed, completed and submitted all on a computer. I can pretty much bank on at least a couple of people hanging around after the talk to ask questions, and more often than not these lovely people are librarians - mildly anxious about their future.
They talk about schools like High Tech High in San Diego, where there are no libraries. All material for their project driven curriculum is sourced from the Internet. (On a side note, I had a chance to visit this school and came away with many useful take-aways which I'll cover in future posts)
When they ask if libraries are important I am quick to assure them they are more important than ever, but like technology, the library in today's schools has to dramatically change to be relevant to today's learners.
In the model of the school library of my era (and I would say most of today's institutions), the librarian saw themselves as THE curator of information. They were trained to find the best resources -- books, periodicals, media (although back in my day that meant filmstrips and movies) available for the teachers to deliver the curriculum, and doing it on a pauper's budget.
Today life is different. The Internet can deliver an unlimited amount of quality information.
That's one of the problems.
The other one is that the Internet can also deliver a whole lot of drivel, trash, and errant information.
Who knows how to tell the difference? Certainly not the students.
People trained in information taxonomy, that's who... the librarians have the skills, but cannot be expected to act as the filter for every student on the Internet.
So the librarians become the teachers of skills not normally taught in school.
They can teach kids how to navigate, discern and separate the good from the garbage.
Instead of being THE curator, they are teaching kids how to curate information -- in books, magazines, media, web, video and countless other media formats today.
They are teaching kids to discover.
Librarians can become a key differentiator in the success of a technology enabled school.
If you only hand a student a computer and declare yourself a 21st Century school, you really have done no more than introduce a phenomenal amount of distraction into your student's world.
The Internet has some sharp edges where kids can be hurt and exposed to things nobody should see.
It would be akin to sending a child unescorted into a woodworking shop where there are many things that could both cut off a finger, or produce beautiful pieces of furniture. The difference is in the training.
So in my world, the librarian now looks more like the shop teacher than the librarian of my high school era.
It's about imparting skills, developing literacy with information, both digital and with more traditional things like books (which are not going away any time soon).
It's about getting the value out of your technology investment, because it focusses on a critical skill our students need to both survive and thrive in today's world.
Do your school (or your kid's school) offer a course in digital literacy?
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; superorder Scopelomorpha, order Myctophiformes)
A small family of marine fish that have a relatively large head with well-developed teeth in the upper and lower jaws, eyes located above the jaws, and a single dorsal and an adipose fin. They are small (about 16 cm), rather fragile fish. There are about six species.
Subjects: Zoology and Animal Sciences. | <urn:uuid:28d3c2e9-ddc7-4035-b29f-5a17b4d6e454> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095802671 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00483-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938977 | 86 | 3.046875 | 3 |
BISAC NAT010000 Ecology
BISAC NAT045050 Ecosystems & Habitats / Coastal Regions & Shorelines
BISAC NAT025000 Ecosystems & Habitats / Oceans & Seas
BISAC NAT045030 Ecosystems & Habitats / Polar Regions
BISAC SCI081000 Earth Sciences / Hydrology
BISAC SCI092000 Global Warming & Climate Change
BISAC SCI020000 Life Sciences / Ecology
BISAC SCI039000 Life Sciences / Marine Biology
BISAC SOC053000 Regional Studies
BISAC TEC060000 Marine & Naval
The last 1978-1995 transgression of the Caspian Sea caused the development of marsh-lagoon system along the Western Caspian seashore. Due to salt marshes are very vulnerable to sea-level fluctuations, complex and dynamic system, they may be considered as a regional model of rapid environmental transformation. Changing conditions of migration in the soils of marsh-lagoon landscapes during the sea-level rise influenced on the migration of elements of variable valency, primarily Fe and Mn, but also Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Co, leading to their mobilization in slightly alkaline and neutral reducing conditions and subsequent deposition on the geochemical barriers. That led to the emergence of landscape-geochemical anomalies of Fe and heavy metals in the soils of salt marshes with a characteristic time of formation of any persistent anomalies during 5-10 years.
Caspian Sea, fluctuations of the sea level, salt marshes, regional changes, landscape-geochemical anomalies, transport and accumulation of metals
Recent climate changes have had widespread impacts on human and natural systems . The rise of the world ocean’s level is among the most important present-day environmental problem. Many coastal areas experience inundation and waterlogging by sea-water. Global mean sea level rose by 0.19 m over the period 1901 to 2010. The rate of sea level rise since the mid-19th century has been larger than the mean rate during the previous two millennia .
Coastal areas are very dynamic regions and they are of immense ecological and economic importance. Coastal wetlands, which are comprised of marshes, swamps, mangroves and other coastal plant communities, provide a large number of goods and services . Nowadays they face a number of hazards including rise in sea-level, increased atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide, rise in air and water temperature, and changes in the frequency and the intensity of precipitation and storm patterns . Sea-level rise can disrupt wetlands in three significant ways: inundation, erosion, and salt water intrusion. By the 2080s, sea-level rise could cause the loss of up to 22% of the world's coastal wetlands . The threat posed by the rise in sea level has received increased attention [2, 3,18, 19].
The Caspian Sea is well known for large and rapid sea-level fluctuations. The most recent cycle lasted only 65 years [10,13]. Sea-level fell by over 3 m between 1929 and 1977 and rose again by 2,4 m until 1995, when it started falling again [5,21]. Today it is stable at – 27.74 m below global sea-level . The new method of forecasting the Caspian sea level shows, that in the coming years the sea level will rise again .
The Caspian Sea shores are perhaps the best sites to study the effect of sea-level changes on coasts [6,8,10, 11,12,15]. Understanding the consequences of Caspian sea-level changes is very important as they threat large areas with inundation, pollution and environmental changes [11,22].
Conducted researches have shown that different types of the Caspian Sea shores had various reactions on sea-level changes [6,8,11,12]. During transgression the intensity of coastal processes depend on the steepness of the coastal slope. The most dramatic consequences of the influence of rapid transgression were experienced by accumulative coasts .
Along accumulative shores transgression increases the geomorphological, lithological, soil, biotic, as well as geochemical diversity of the coastal landscapes. This is caused by the formation and landwards movement of a barrier-lagoon system, with a corresponding rise of the groundwater table, and also simultaneous vigorous development of vegetation in newly-formed hydromorphic and semi-hydromorphic areas.
The formation of the barrier-lagoon system during the last transgressive coastal cycle is typically for different regions of the Caspian shore [8,14]. Lagoon coasts occupy about 32% of the world ocean accumulative shores . The domination of accumulative coasts reflects the eustatic sea-level rise in postglacial period . Thus, the evolution of the Caspian coasts under the sea-level changes serves as natural model that can be used for understanding the general features of development of the world ocean coasts. Our local study of geochemical changes of the Caspian marsh-lagoon landscapes describes the regional environmental changes of the coastal zone.
The most contrasting landscape-geochemical changes of the coastal zone of the Caspian sea occurred within the lagoon shores, where a marine terrace has a small width (a few hundred meters), being replaced New-Caspian Holocene terrace outside the zone of influence of the modern sea level fluctuations. Within the modern marine terraces during transgression occurred contrasting changes in alkaline-acid and redox conditions and salinity of soils [6,11,12]. The fluctuation of the sea-level caused changes of the natural background concentrations of chemical elements in the coastal soils. The studying of such natural changes of the local geochemical background may help correctly to estimate the real level of the human-induced contamination of the coastal zone.
Our previous investigation showed that during the transgressive phase many heavy metals (Cu, Co, Zn, Ni, Cr, Fe, Pb) accumulated at geochemical barriers in the marsh-lagoon landscapes of Central Dagestan [11,12]. Their concentrations in the marsh zone became higher than in the soils of the adjoining territory. So the natural background concentrations of the heavy metals in the coastal soils were lower during the regression period and it has increased after the beginning of the Caspian sea-level rise.
In this paper we describe the changes of background concentrations of metals in the sediments of marsh-lagoon landscapes along the western coast of the Caspian sea. Our study shows that the intensity of geochemical processes, accumulation and transport of metals in soils and bottom sediments of marsh-lagoon landscapes has differences in the variety of key sites.
II. Materials and methods
Geochemical studies of marsh-lagoon landscapes were conducted on the 4 sites located on the west coast of the Caspian Sea. The first site is located on the coastal plain of Dagestan, the second - the north shore of the Apsheron peninsula, the third site was on Kur-Araz lowland and the fourth site - Lenkoran lowland. Landscape-geochemical catenas, crossed the main elements of the relief from the New-Caspian terrace through modern terrace to the beach, were studied using the profiling method.
Field works on the first site were conducted near the Turali research and training station, which belongs to the Moscow State University and is located 30 km to the south of Makhachkala, the capital of Dagestan. The investigations were carried out in 1995-1996 when the sea-level rose [6,11,12] and they were continued in 2001-2005 when it became stable.
The Turali key site stretches from the waterline across a modern constructional plain to the scarp of the New-Caspian Holocene terrace. The New-Caspian terrace is separated from the modern terrace by a relatively low scarp (up to 2 m high). The level of the terrace is 3.5 m higher than the sea level now.
The modern constructional plain varies in width from 100 to 500 m; a series of low bars of 1929, 1941, and 1956 can be distinguished within this plain. They were formed during different stages of the Caspian Sea retreating that started in 1929 (when the waterline was at 25.5 m below sea level) and continued until 1978. From 1978 till 1995 a considerable part of the 1956 terrace was inundated. At the present time, this part is occupied by 0.8-1.0 m deep and several hundreds of meters wide lagoon separated from the sea by a modern barrier beach with a height of 1.0-1.2 m and a width of 10-30 m.
The field work was carried out at a cross-section (150×400 m) stretched from the New-Caspian terrace to the sea shore through the modern strand flat. The landscape-geochemical, geomorphological, soil and geobotanical investigations were fulfilled at four parallel transects (T, 2D, 2N, 2M) located across the coastal plain (perpendicular to the shoreline).
The main transect is “T”. The study of soil pits along this transect was carried out in 1995-1996 and 2001-2005. During the fieldworks about 500 soil samples, 100 samples of bottom sediments, 100 samples of natural waters were collected.
The other key sites along the western coast of the Caspian Sea have been studied once in 1999.
The Apsheron key site is located near Gaia village that is 2 km to the north-north-west from the port of Apsheron. The main transect here is “Ar” (7 soil profiles), crossing the main forms of relief from the edge of the sea of modern marine terrace to the New-Caspian terrace at a distance of about 300 m.
The Kura key site is located on the left bank of the Kura river, 8 km from its bed, and 5 km to the north of the Bund village. Landscape and geochemical studies were conducted on the profile “K” (7 soil profiles), that intersects a system of "modern barrier beach - coastal lagoon".
The Lenkoran key site is located 5 km to the north of the city of Lankaran near the village Olkhovka. The length of the profile L (13 soil profiles) is about 700 meters. It crosses the main elements of relief: New-Caspian terrace - modern constructional plain - lagoon - modern barrier beach.
During the fieldworks along the Azerbaijani coast of the Caspian Sea about 160 soil samples and 24 samples of bottom sediments were collected.
The most important physical and chemical parameters of surface and ground waters and of each selected soil horizons were defined immediately at the sampling points: pH, Eh, total dissolved salts (TDS), the sodium content. The measurements were made with the help of portable devices (HANNA Instruments, Italy), providing the automatic temperature corrections of parameters. For bottom sediments and soil horizons below the ground water table the measurements were done directly and under their natural moisture. For determination of physical-chemical parameters in the soil horizons above the groundwater table, distilled water was added to each soil sample with 1:1 ratio, the mixture was stirred by plastic stick, and measurements were made in the obtained suspension.
The bulk content of chemical elements was determined by quantitative spectral method in Bronnitskaya geological and geochemical expedition.
The cation content analysis of water samples and mobile forms of chemical elements in soils were done by the atomic-absorption method using the spectrophotometer Hitachi 180 (Japan). The content of sodium, potassium, calcium, and manganese were defined without background correction, and the content of Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr, Co, Zn, Pb, Cd, Mo were defined with correction based on the Zeeman effect. For analysis of mobile forms of elements in soils and bottom sediments 1N (2N) HCl was used as the extraction agent. Water-soluble, exchangeable and amorphous forms of elements passes are extracted in this way, and also, in part, organic-mineral connections.
III. Results and discussion
Background content of trace elements in the beach sediments
Average contents of trace elements in the beach sediments change significantly along the coastal zone of the Caspian sea. The coast of Azerbaijan is characterized by a high geochemical background in comparison with the Russian coast of the Caspian sea (Table 1).
Minimal values of elements are observed in the beach sediments of the Turali key site , that folded by the material of Sulak river, with the participation of scattered Terek material (hornblende, pyroxene, mica).
The deposits of the modern barrier beach of the Turali site (Fig.1) are depleted in most elements in comparison to Clark , except for Sr that is participating in the evaporatortive concentration in the steppe and desert landscapes.
When moving to the south in areas of Apsheron and Kura there is a slight increase in the content of chemical elements, which is associated with erosion of the deluvial sediments of the Caucasus mountains with a predominance of augite, epidote, micas, pyroxenes, in co-organizing the contents of Sr, Pb, Co, Cu and Ni exceed the Clark values.
The contents of almost all trace elements (except Sr) show the maximal values in the beach sediments of Lankaran key site, due to their high content in mafic minerals (augite and titan-augite, ilmenite, magnetite, etc.) in the deluvial sediments of the Talish mountains .
Table 1. Average contents of trace elements in the beach sediments of West coast of the Caspian sea (mg/kg)
1-bulk content, 2- mobile forms (2нHCl).
1 – Clark of the element in the earth's crust; 2- the average content of chemical elements in sandstones.
The beach sediments of Turali key site are depleted in Fe, V and Cr in comparison with the average content of chemical elements in sandstones . The contents of Co, Ni, Zn, Pb, Sr are higher than the average content in the sandstones. In the beach sediments of other key sites the background content of elements are above the average contents in the sandstones, while the Sr content is more in 38-74 times, Ni ‒ 20-51 times, and Co ‒ 100 - 250 times.
Thus, the average contents of most trace elements in the beach sediments of the coastal zone generally increase in the direction from the North to the South. The high content of Sr in the sediments of Turali and Kura key sites is due to the evaporative concentration and a large proportion of shell detritus. Sometimes it exceeds 1100 mg/kg, which is 3-4 times higher than the Clark value and its content in coastal sediments of the Lankaran key site is only 763,4 mg/kg, which is associated with a predominance of pebble material.
Fig. 3.4 Geochemical spectra of beach sediments along the Western coast of the Caspian sea
(CC- Clark of concentration; CS - Clark of scattering)
Oxidative alkaline environment in beach sediments determines the low mobility of many cationogenic elements in soils and waters (Fig.2).
The portion of mobile forms of chemical elements does not exceed 40% in these sediments in different parts of the west coast. The portion of mobile forms of Zn (up to 67%), Cu and Ni (27 %) increases in the sediments of the Lenkoran lowland that is associated apparently with the increase in the proportion of organo-mineral complexes of these elements in the soils of variable-humid subtropics.
Thus, the migration and accumulation of chemical elements in the coastal zone occur in different geochemical background, which is determined by lithological and geochemical specialization of supply provinces.
Radial geochemical differentiation of coastal landscapes
Sea-level rise caused the transformation of migration flows. Landscape-geochemical processes in the marsh-lagoon landscapes led to the redistribution of chemical elements in coastal soils with the accumulation of certain associations of elements on geochemical barriers.
The geochemical transformation of coastal soils is related to a complex combination of landscape-geochemical processes, such as sulfidogenesis, gleyzation, iron accumulation (ferrugination), accumulation of humus and peat, halogenesis, and changes in redox conditions [11,12].
Fig. 2. The forms of chemical elements in the beach sediments of the west coast of the Caspian sea
A set of radial geochemical barriers, as well as their capacity differ in different parts of the western coast of the Caspian sea, which is associated with the heterogeneity of the migration conditions due to lithological and granulometric composition of rocks, as well as differences in bioclimatic conditions.
The main geochemical barriers in coastal landscapes with the accumulation of heavy metals are: oxygen − Fe, Mn, Co, biogeochemical − Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Cr, Cd, and sulfide − Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Co, Mo. The intensity of the oxygen barrier (accumulation ratio Fe) decreases along the west coast from north to south. Biogeochemical barriers most pronounced in soils of the Lenkoran, due to the great biological productivity of plant communities and nutrient accumulation of trace elements. The degree of appearance of sulfide barrier is the greatest in marsh soils and bottom sediments of the lagoon area of the Turali key site, the lowest –in layered marsh soils of Kura key site.
Gley, alkaline, acidic and evaporative barriers are common locally in meadow, marsh and saline landscapes. On Turali key site the contents of Mo and Cu increase on the gley barrier; of Mn, Co, Ni - on alkaline; of Mo – on acidic; of Sr - on evaporative.
Lateral differentiation of coastal landscapes
Lateral differentiation of marsh-lagoon landscapes of the Caspian sea is determined by hydrogeochemical features of groundwater flow with the chloride-sulphate-sodium composition.
There are two zones of the lateral differentiation of chemical elements within modern marine terrace. In meadow landscapes with poorly developed hydromorphic soils as the result of nutrient absorption, the mobility of cationogenic and anionic elements increases. In alkaline conditions the cationogenic elements don’t migrate, so the lateral migration which is typical only for anionic elements.
Active migration of anionic elements promotes the soda geochemical environment in the soil on the coastal shafts. The contrasting geochemical anomalies of Mo and Cr form in the wet-meadow and marsh soils.
The transformation of redox and alkali-acid conditions leads to a redistribution of cationogenic elements in the marsh zone. The mobility of Fe, Mn and Co increases in the reducing conditions that lead to their migration and accumulation on the geochemical barriers with the formation of the geochemical anomalies of these elements.
Thus, the two paragenetic associations of migration elements distinguish in the coastal landscapes, the first – the mobile forms of anionic elements (Mo and Cr) and the second –cationogenic elements (Fe, Mn, Co, Zn, Cu, Ni).
The contrast of lateral differentiation of mobile forms of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr and Pb in soils and sediments of coastal landscapes is higher on the Lenkoran key site than in areas of Apsheron and Kura.
On the Lenkoran key site in subordinate positions of the marsh-lagoon landscapes the geochemical anomalies of Mn (up to 3.6 L), Pb and Ni (L to 3.1) are formed. In organogenic horizons of wet-meadow and marsh soils the contents of Cu, Ni, Zn increase because of biogenic accumulation. Accumulation of heavy metals and Fe also occurs in sulfide and gley barriers in marsh zone.
The coefficients of the lateral differentiation of Fe, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn increases to 2-2,5 in the soils and sediments of the marsh zone in the Apsheron and Kura key sites.
Geochemical features of migration and concentration of mobile forms of heavy metals and Fe in the coastal landscapes of the western Caspian region have much in common, due to the uniformity of the geochemical conditions of migration and the similar system of geochemical barriers formed in subordinate landscapes. The intensity of mobilization of cationogenic elements is determined by nutrient absorption, especially in Turali and Lenkoran key sites.
The changing conditions of migration in the marsh zone under the sea level rise significantly affected the migration of elements with variable valence, primarily Fe and Mn, but also Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Co, leading to their mobilization in slightly alkaline and neutral reducing conditions and subsequent deposition on a number of geochemical barriers. The geochemical anomalies of several elements formed in the marsh zone as the result of their radial and lateral migration. So, in bottom sediments of lagoons the contents of the Fe and Co increased from 1.5 times on the Lenkoran key site up to 4-5 times on the Turali key site; the content of Zn is more average in 1.5 times on all sites, and the content of Cu increased from 1.5 times at the site of Turali up to 5 times on the Apsheron key site.
Due to the sea level rise the geochemical structure of the coastal area complicated because of the formation of the marsh-lagoon landscapes that led to the emergence of landscape-geochemical anomalies of Fe and heavy metals in the soils of the marsh zone with a characteristic time of formation of any persistent anomalies of approximately 5-10 years.
This research was performed within the framework of the international INTAS project 94-3382 (“Geochemical changes in soils and bottom deposits caused by rapid rise in the Caspian Sea level”), the NWO project 047-009-003 (“Holocene sea-level change and mollusc biodiversity in the Caspian Sea: a proxy for the North Atlantic Oscillation“), and the projects of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (№ 97-05-65731, 03-05-643060, 04-05-65073 and others).
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11. N.S.Kasimov, A.N.Gennadiev, M.Y. Lychagin, S.B. Kroonenberg, V.V. Kucheryaeva, “Geochemical transfomation of coastal soils in Central Dagestan upon the rise in the level of the Caspian Sea”, Eurasian soil science, 33(1), 2000, pp.11-22.
12. N.S. Kasimov, A.N. Gennadiev, M.S. Kasatenkova, M.Y.Lychagin, S.B. Kroonenberg, “Geochemical changes of the Caspian salt marshes under conditions of sea-level fluctuations”, Earth Science Research, v. 1 (2), 2012, pp. 262-278.
13. R.K. Klige, M.S. Myagkov, “Changes in the water regime of the Caspian sea”, Geological Journal, 27(3),1992, pp.299-307.
14. V.I. Kravtsova, S.A. Lukyanova, “Transgressive changes of the Russian cost of the Caspian sea’, Geomorphology, 2,1997, pp.35-46.
15. S.B. Kroonenberg, E.N. Baduykova, J.E.A. Storms, E.I. Ignatov, N.S. Kasimov, “A full sea-level cycle in 65 years: barrier dynamics along Caspian shores”, Sedimentary Geology, 134, 2000, pp.257-274.
16. O.K. Leont’ev, S.A. Luk’yanova, L.G. Nikiforov, G.D. Solov’eva, N.A. Holodilin, “Map of type of the World Ocean coasts. Relief and landscapes”,1977, pp. 116-126.
17. S.K. Monahov, I.N. Volkov, A.V. Suslov, “New method for prediction of Caspian sea level for a period of one year to ten years”, Conf. “Hydrometeorological and environmental security of marine activity”, (16 – 17 October 2015, Astrakhan, Russian Federation). Astrakhan, Publisher, Sorokin Roman Vasilievich, 2015, pp.24-26.
18. R.J. Nicholls, F.J.M. Hoozemans, M. Marchand. “Increasing flood risk and wetland losses due to global sea-level rise: Regional and global analyses”, Global Environmental Change, 9, 1999, S69-S87.
19. R. J. Nicholls, “Coastal flooding and wetland loss in the 21st century: Changes under the SRES climate and socio-economic scenarios”, Global Environmental Change, 14, 2004, pp.69-86.
20. “Recent global changes of the natural environment”, v.2, Moscow, Scientific world, 2006.
21. G.I. Rychagov, “The sea-level regime of the Caspian sea during the last 10,000 years”, Bull. Moscow State Univ., Ser. 5, 2, 1993, pp. 38-49
22. “TED Caspia. Main conclusions of the Technical Economical Report”, Moscow, 2000.
23. K.K. Turekian, K.H. Wedepohl, “Distribution of the Elements in some major units of the Earth's crust”, Geological Society of America, Bulletin, 72, 1961, pp.175-192.
24. A.P. Vinogradov, “Average content of chemical elements in the main types of igneous rocks of the Earth Crust”, Geochimiya 7, 1962, pp. 555-572. | <urn:uuid:994d144a-9ef3-4a11-9de5-c1d42282f00a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://academuspub.com/en/nauka/conference_article/1923/view | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.892305 | 6,241 | 2.5625 | 3 |
A fast, simple test can now reveal whether a hospital patient is carrying a highly virulent, antibiotic-resistant bug or a near identical relation which is much less harmful.
Patients carrying the dangerous version could be kept away from particularly vulnerable groups, such as organ transplant recipients, says Rob Willems of the National Institute of Public Health in Bilthoven. They could also be isolated to help stop the bug spreading.
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium is carried in the intestine. In the US, it is endemic in hospitals, but is not widely carried by healthy people. In Europe, however, many healthy people carry VREF but epidemics in hospitals in rare.
Willems’ team investigated this contrast and found that there are two closely-related but distinct types of VREF. The type that causes hospital epidemics has variations in a gene associated with increased virulence in a related bacterium.
“We can take a sample from a patient, do a genetic test, and have a result in two to three hours,” Willems told New Scientist. “Here is a very easy way of telling who is carrying the hospital-related VREF and who isn’t.”
VREF can be fatal to people with suppressed immune systems, and cannot be killed by any existing antibiotics. “As a result, patients remain infectious for prolonged periods of time. This is an important explanation for the rapid spread of these bacteria in the US,” Willems says.
Increased use of vancomycin in Europe to treat “superbugs” such as MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) is now resulting in VREF outbreaks in European hospitals, Willems says. He hopes the new gene test will help slow the spread of these outbreaks.
More at: The Lancet (vol 357, p 853) | <urn:uuid:60de3db7-3638-4b73-80fd-a63b5b9a1b75> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn505-good-bug-bad-bug/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.947799 | 400 | 3.46875 | 3 |
While there are many companies going for or considering GDPR implementation after 25th May 2018, there are a bunch of those who are still contemplating on what to do about it. GDPR is not as easy to implement as ISO 27001 and requires a very different approach. This is especially true and gets further complicated when GDPR implementation needs to be carried out for a SaaS based Product Company.
Here are few myths or assumptions that can lead to a trouble.
- If my organization is GDPR compliant, my SaaS product automatically becomes compliant
- If I implement GDPR for my company, only the EU PII data is in question so no need to take into account our online products
- My online products are hosted on cloud platform which are GDPR compliant, so I need not worry about it.
- When a SaaS product is part of GDPR implementation, one needs to ask questions such as
- Where is the EU PII data, and how is it being ‘handled’ by the product?
So what is expected from SaaS product to be GDPR compliant?
In many cases it may be felt that the product has nothing to do with EU PII, but following the steps below can help handle situation in a more accurate way.
- Is the product SaaS based, hosted on commercial clouds platform?
- IS the cloud hosting platform itself GDPR compliant?
- What is the physical location of hosting servers where the SaaS product’s data will be stored?
- Is the SaaS product being managed by any outsourcing company (server management)?
- What are the locations of personnel who support the product from customer experience perspective?
- Is the SaaS product data being provided to any third party vendor for some specific business reason?
It is important to note that above pointers are based on typical scenarios. Depending on the nature of business, business offices’ location, cloud provider, server locations, customer’s location and the EU PII data elements being processed by product, there could be a whole new list of pointers that would need to be taken in to consideration.
SaaS product and GDPR
It is tough to get a SaaS product compliant with GDPR, along with the organisation who created that product. It needs a series of discussions with the technical and non-technical teams within the organisation to form the correct controls framework. The entire approach should be focused on the data elements and the way its processed or controlled, also taking into consideration all the processes and people who handle that data while working with the SaaS product. In an ideal situation the SaaS product review must start with product engineering and architecture, all the way through the UAT to product support. The product must be scrutinised to check for the following GDPR mandates
- How the product is collecting consent of the user?
- How the product allows user to opt out of providing their PII?
- How the product provides the user with right to let the product forget their information?
- What breach notification process is in place which the user can refer to?
While implementing GDPR for a SaaS product, the key to success is a deep understanding of the GDPR regulation, and its accurate technical implementation in the product. More info can be found here at http://www.valencynetworks.com/it-audit-services/gdpr-compliance.html | <urn:uuid:294bc553-1352-4650-b16e-ee4d447989a3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.valencynetworks.com/blogs/tips-to-implement-gdpr-for-saas-based-products/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.949319 | 710 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Lack of dental care may have life-threatening implications
Press release issued: 30 May 2008
New research from the University of Bristol shows that admissions for the surgical treatment of dental abscess have doubled in the last ten years, with potentially life-threatening consequences for patients.
New research from the University of Bristol shows that admissions for the surgical treatment of dental abscess have doubled in the last ten years despite the fact that these serious infections are preventable with regular dental care. The findings, published in the British Medical Journal today, could reflect a decline of oral health, changes in access to dental treatment or changes in attitudes to dental care.
The analysis was conducted by Dr Steve Thomas and colleagues from the Division of Maxillofacial Surgery and Department of Oral and Dental Science using routine NHS data on hospital admissions and was prompted by three complex cases of dental abscess that presented over a six-month period in 2006. The case studies, provided in full below, highlight the serious and potentially life-threatening consequences of dental abscesses. In two of the cases the patients needed to be admitted to a hospital critical-care unit; none of the three was registered with a dentist.
Recent surveys report improvements in oral health, so an explanation for the increase in hospital admissions is required. The paper suggests it could be linked to changes to dentists’ remuneration in the 1990s, which led many to reduce their NHS workload, and a corresponding decline in the number of adults in England registered with an NHS dentist from 23 million in 1994 to approximately 17 million in 2003/04. These changes may have resulted in reductions in the provision of routine dental care and reduced access to emergency dental care and may explain the rise in surgical admissions.
An alternative explanation is that the problem lies with people not seeking dental care but a recent survey of 5,200 members of the public and 750 dentists, conducted by the Commission for Patient and Public Involvement in Health, found that 22% of people had declined treatment because of high cost, and 84% of dentists felt that their new contract had failed to improve access to NHS services.
The authors recommend that access to routine and emergency dental care be reviewed and formal and robust systems of referral established to ensure that GPs can be confident that patients presenting to them with acute dental sepsis will receive appropriate dental treatment.
Speaking about the findings, Dr Thomas said:
‘Dental abscess is a serious problem and can be life threatening. In the past ten years the incidence of dental abscesses requiring surgical drainage in hospital has doubled. The reasons for this increase need to be identified and robust measures taken to ensure the epidemic is controlled.’
- Case study 1
In March 2006 a 48-year-old woman was referred by her GP to the A&E department of Bristol Royal Infirmary with a swelling beneath the jaw bone in her neck that was diagnosed as an abscess. She was prescribed antibiotics and the abscess drained. Two days later she was breathing rapidly, had low blood pressure and low urine output. A scan showed she had fluid from the neck to the diaphragm. She underwent surgery and pus was drained from around her trachea and heart. She was transferred to the Critical Care Unit for treatment and was diagnosed as having Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome. She spent 22 days on the Critical Care Unit and a further 22 days on the surgical ward. She was not registered with a dentist.
- Case study 2
In May 2006 a 48-year-old-man presented to the A&E Department at Frenchay Hospital, Bristol with a swelling beneath the jaw bone in his neck that was diagnosed as a dental abscess. He was not registered with a dentist. He was advised to find a dentist and request treatment. He was unable to find a dentist and returned to the same A&E department three days later. He was given antibiotics and again advised to seek dental treatment. A day later his partner found him in a coma. He was admitted to the Critical Care Unit where he was diagnosed with diabetic keto-acidosis (a diabetic condition which can lead to coma) and the neck abscess drained. He was ventilated and dialysed and spent three weeks in the Critical Care Unit.
- Case study 3
In July 2006 a 41-year-old woman saw her GP because of swelling on the left side of her face. It was diagnosed as mumps. One week later she presented to the A&E department of Bristol Royal Infirmary with an abscess. The wound was cleaned and drained and antibiotics were prescribed. The patient was not registered with a dentist.
- The paper, ‘Is there an epidemic of admissions for surgical treatment of dental abscesses in the UK?’ by Steven J. Thomas, Charlotte Atkinson, Ceri Hughes, Andrew R. Ness is published today in the British Medical Journal.
- The study looked at Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data on all admissions to NHS hospitals in England for each year from 1998/99 to 2005/06. This dataset includes information on private patients treated in NHS hospitals, patients who were resident outside of England, and patients where care was funded by the NHS but delivered by treatment centres (including those in the independent sector).
- These national data are consistent with a recent audit carried out at the Hull Royal Infirmary that showed an increase in the number of patients presenting to oral and maxillofacial surgery services with dental sepsis (from 17 to 25) between 1999 and 2004. A similar audit of services at Leeds General Infirmary, conducted between 2000 and 2005, did not show such an increase. Both audits were based on small numbers of cases.
- The National Institute for Clinical Excellence recommends that adults should have regular dental check ups every three to 24 months.
- Dr Steve Thomas is available for interview. | <urn:uuid:50eaff3b-1db0-46e8-90a6-bfc352c49374> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bris.ac.uk/news/2008/212017945337.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00281-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972267 | 1,203 | 2.53125 | 3 |
but these tabs contain a series of check boxes. With this window the user may turn on or off a section for all operations of that type.
When the user turns a section on through this editor, other sections might turn on automatically. This section contains some operating rules that understand some sections to be prerequisite to running other sections. These operating rules are based on BASINS Technical Note 3: the NPSM/HSPF Simulation Module Matrix. Following these operating rules, all required and recommended prerequisite sections are turned on.
Then the user may click OK to exit and save the changes or Cancel to exit without saving the changes.
When making sections active, often tables that are not yet present become required by HSPF. If the user has turned some sections on and clicked OK, this editor will give the user the option to automatically add the tables required by the active sections. | <urn:uuid:962b1cda-e5a1-4e58-acf4-71ee88abb76d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.hitpages.com/doc/4515514940391424/82/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00508-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.921636 | 178 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Welcome, Kia Ora, Faka’alofa lahi atu, Malo e lelei, Talofa lava, Namaste, Kia Orana, Salom, Selamate, Buenos dias, Ni sa bula, Annyeonghaseyo, Assalamu Alykum.
Glen Eden Intermediate School (GEIS) is a large Intermediate School dedicated to providing powerful learning opportunities for the emerging adolescent student. In these crucial, formative years we strive to create a positive learning community to strengthen and grow students academically, socially and emotionally. This is reinforced through the teaching of our school values:
- Respect / Whakaute
- Integrity / Mana Tangata
- Excellence / Hiranga
- Resilience / Manawaroa
At GEIS we take pride in providing a warm and inclusive school climate in which students and whanau feel valued. We offer an extensive range of exciting learning and co-curricular opportunities to meet the varied interests and learning needs of our students. Students also benefit from advanced digital learning programmes that enhance their levels of engagement and academic success. | <urn:uuid:77e212f5-0b85-4e40-a249-6bf1cbba1d33> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://geis.school.nz/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.893543 | 237 | 1.789063 | 2 |
George W. Buck
Buck was born on 1 April 1789 at Stoke Holy Cross, near Norwich. His parents were Quakers and sent him, with his two brothers, to the Quaker School at Ackworth, West Yorkshire. With his schooling completed, his father placed him with a wholesaler at Tower Hill, London, as he wanted him to be involved in trade, but the position did not suit Buck, and so he looked for something else. Around 1807, the East London Waterworks Company were building Old Ford pumping station, which had been designed by Ralph Walker, and Buck managed to secure a job there. When the job was finished, Walker moved on to Farlington, to work on a water supply scheme for Portsmouth and Gosport. The scheme had been authorised by an Act of Parliament in 1809, and Buck went to work as resident engineer, reporting to Walker. The scheme suffered from an intermittent water supply, as did a competing scheme engineered by William Nicholson.
Buck's next appointment was as engineer for the Eastern Branch of the Montgomeryshire Canal in 1819. The canal had been planned to run from the Ellesmere Canal at Carreghofa to Newtown, but construction had stopped at Garthmyl in 1797, due to a lack of funds. This section became known as the Eastern Branch. It had been built by John Dadford and his brother Thomas, both relatively inexperienced, but John had left for America before the project was completed, to be replaced by his father, also called Thomas Dadford. Construction of the rest of the line to Newtown, known as the Western Branch, and built by a company which was more or less independent, began in 1815, to the designs of Josias Jessop. The work was finished in 1819, although was not declared to be complete until December 1821.
There had been problems with some of the structures on the Eastern Branch during construction, although Jessop, when asked to comment, had suggested that such problems were quite usual. However, by the time Buck took up his position, the problems were obvious, and he embarked on a programme of reconstruction. First on the list was the Luggy Aqueduct at Brithdir, which was rebuilt with a cast iron trough in the year he started. Next he introduced lock gates built of the same material, and also used it for replacing some of the bridge beams. The aqueduct over the River Vyrnwy had failed during construction, when an arch collapsed, and by 1823, the masonry was distorted and bulging. Again, iron was Buck's material of choice, for he used wrought iron tie rods connected to cast iron facing plates to hold the structure together, with cast iron beams on the faces of the arches. Several of the aqueducts were also fitted with cast iron railings. In 1821 he designed the waterwheel used to pump water from the River Severn at Newtown to the top pound of the Western Branch, and introduced the distinctive lock paddle gear to the Eastern Branch in 1831. In December 1832 he was appointed engineer of the Western Branch as well, but moved on a year later.
In December 1833 Buck left canal employment to join Robert Stephenson's team building the London and Birmingham Railway. He already had some knowledge of railways, having visited the Stockton and Darlington Railway in 1828, and witnessed the Rainhill Trials in the following year. He was employed as a senior assistant engineer, and his salary reflected his obvious ability and experience. He had responsibility for the line from Camden Town to Tring, and was offered the post of resident engineer for the railway after the construction project was completed in 1837, but was not happy with the conditions, and moved on work on the Manchester and Birmingham Railway as Engineer-in-Chief. Among his achievements on that project were the Stockport and Dane viaducts. He travelled to Germany in 1840, to work on the Altona—Kiel Railroad, but he became ill and returned to England earlier than expected.
In 1839 he published a work entitled A Practical and Theoretical Essay on Oblique Bridges in which he was the first to apply trigonometry to the design of the skew arch railway bridge. It was used as a standard reference work on the subject until the early 20th century, its last reprinting being in 1895. He was an active member of the Institution of Civil Engineers from 1821. He was extremely busy during the railway mania years, but his health broke and he became deaf in the mid-1840s, retiring to the Isle of Man. He lived at Ramsay, and spent his time studying the Scriptures. He remained a close friend of Stephenson, who supported him throughout. He died of scarlatina on 9 March 1854 and was buried at Maughold. His wife and a daughter died of the same disease within a fortnight.
Today a boat is named after him, which operates from Llanymynech Wharf on the Montgomery Canal.
- Buck, George Watson (1839). A Practical and Theoretical Essay on Oblique Bridges (1st ed.). London: John Weale.
- Denton, John Horsley (1984). Montgomeryshire Canal and the Llanymynech Branch of the Ellesmere Canal. Lapal Publications. ISBN 0-9509238-1-8.
- Dobson, Edward (1849). A Rudimentary Treatise on Masonry and Stonecutting (1st ed.). London: John Weale.
- Hadfield, Charles (1985). The Canals of the West Midlands. David and Charles. ISBN 0-7153-8644-1.
- Skempton, Sir Alec; et al. (2002). A Biographical Dictionary of Civil Engineers in Great Britain and Ireland: Vol 1: 1500 to 1830. Thomas Telford. ISBN 0-7277-2939-X. | <urn:uuid:cd1ea091-3610-4a30-afaf-066fc251d13b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Buck | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00549-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.987563 | 1,227 | 2.609375 | 3 |
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