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It really is rightly said that health is wealth. Changing lifestyle habits, increase in pollution levels, and many other factors have a severe effect on an individual’s health. This may cause various health issues and medical diseases.
Medical costs from the treatment of such diseases are increasing rapidly. To be able to safeguard your finances against high medical bills, it’s important to purchase health insurance plans. Such plans cover all hospitalization expenses, as well as pre-hospitalization and post-hospitalization charges.
Following are five major features of purchasing a healthcare plan:
1. Coverage against medical expenses
The main reason for medical care insurance is to receive the best health care without any strain on finances. Health insurance plans offer protection against high medical costs. It covers hospitalization expenses, day care procedures, domiciliary expenses, and ambulance charges, besides many others. You might, therefore, concentrate on your speedy recovery rather than worrying about such high costs.
Choose medical health insurance. Stethoscope, paper heart and silhouette of family on grey wooden background top view
2. Coverage against critical illnesses
Insurance providers nowadays offer critical illness insurance, either as a standalone plan or as a rider. This insurance coverage provides coverage against life-threatening diseases such as kidney failure, bone marrow transplant, stroke, and lack of limbs, amongst others. Upon diagnosis of the critical illness from the predetermined set of your policy, you have entitlement to get a lump sum amount. This amount enable you to meet your illness-related treatment costs, daily expenses, and every other financial obligations. Visit: Careshield Life for more details
3. Cashless claim benefit
Many insurance agencies offer cashless claim facility. In this arrangement, there is no need to make any out-of-pocket payments. The hospitalization expenses are settled between your insurer and the hospital. To avail of this benefit, it is imperative to get admitted at the insurer’s network hospitals. You might fill out a pre-authorization form and display your wellbeing insurance card to enjoy the cashless facility.
4. Additional protection in addition to your employer cover
Many organizations cover their employees with a group insurance coverage. However, such policies aren’t tailor-made based on the needs of each individual. Besides, you might be left uninsured in case there is lack of job or change in employment. To be able to protect yourself against this event, buy a health cover individually.
5. Tax benefits
Healthcare plans provide tax benefits. Premiums paid towards your wellbeing care policy are eligible for tax deductions under Section 80D of the TAX Act, 1961. The quantum of deduction is really as under:
In case there is the average person, Rs. 25,000 for himself and his family
If individual or spouse is 60 years old or more the deduction available is Rs 50,000
Yet another deduction for insurance of parents (parent or both, whether dependent or not) is open to the extent of Rs. 25,000 if significantly less than 60 years old and Rs 50,000 if parents are 60 years old or even more.
For uninsured super older persons (80 years old or even more) medical expenditure incurred up to Rs 50,000 shall be allowed
A deduction of Rs. 5000 will be allowed under this section for payment of preventive health check-up of either the individual himself or his members of the family which include spouse, parents and dependent children.This deduction is NOT as well as the deduction of Rs.25000/50000 stated above, but is included in these deduction
Keep these advantages at heart and choose from numerous medical care insurance plans available for sale. Based on your individual needs and requirements, choose the best plan , nor lose out on the possibility to enjoy each one of these benefits. | <urn:uuid:2bba95b2-ef84-45cc-9525-0001a4a75819> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://atlantataskforceforhomeless.org/2020/10/15/benefits-of-health-insurance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.95779 | 770 | 2.046875 | 2 |
The following words or terms, when used in this chapter, shall have the following meaning, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
"Absconding" means a failure of an interlock program participant to remedy a permanent lockout in accordance with these rules within 30 days of the occurrence of such permanent lockout.
"Alcohol" means Ethyl Alcohol, also called ethanol.
"Anti circumvention feature" means any feature or circuitry incorporated into the device that is designed to prevent activity that would cause the device not to operate as intended.
"Board" means the Administrative Offices of the Oklahoma Board of Tests for Alcohol and Drug Influence created by O.S. 47:759.
"Board en banc" means the sitting members of the Board as defined by O.S. 47:759 (A).
"Breath alcohol test" means the analysis of a person's expired alveolar breath to determine the alcohol concentration.
"Calibration" means the process of testing and adjusting a device to ensure accuracy.
"Circumvention" means to bypass the correct operation of an interlock device by starting the vehicle, by any means, without first providing a breath test or passing a confirmatory test.
"Confirmatory test" means a breath test required in response to a circumvention.
"Certification" means a status granted by the Board that permits a manufacturer to distribute a device in the state of Oklahoma.
"Data storage system" means a recording of all events monitored by the device.
"Director" means the position of the State Director of the Board as defined in O.A.C. 40:1-1-3.
"Fee" means a non-refundable administrative fee.
"Free restart" means a function of a device that will allow a vehicle to be restarted under the requirements in this title, without having to complete another breath alcohol test.
"Ignition interlock device" means a mechanism that prevents a vehicle from starting when the breath alcohol concentration of a breath alcohol test meets or exceeds the startup set point. Also referred to as "device".
"Inclusion Zone" means an area encompassing 25 driven miles from the Oklahoma state line as determined by the Board.
"Installation Authority" means the Oklahoma agency or entity by statute or order requiring or authorizing installation of a device.
"License" means the permission granted by the Board to engage in specific activities of the ignition interlock program.
"Manufacturer" means the actual producer of the device.
"Manufacturer representative" means the individual designated by the manufacturer to act on behalf of or represent the manufacturer in all matters under the jurisdiction or consideration of the Board with respect to device certification.
"Monitor" means the agency, organization and/or person(s) designated by the Installation Authority to receive reports regarding ignition interlock program participants.
"Negative result" means a breath alcohol test result indicating the alcohol concentration is less than the specific point value for the purpose specified.
"Penalty Fail" means a breath alcohol test resulting in a positive result that meets or exceeds the specific point value for the purpose specified.
"Permanent lockout" means a condition wherein the device will not allow a breath alcohol test and therefore will not allow the vehicle to be started.
"Positive result" means a breath alcohol test result indicating the alcohol concentration meets or exceeds the specific point value for the purpose specified.
"Proper Record Maintenance" means the manufacturer's complete records on every participant for a period of five (5) years from the date of removal including, but not limited to, all data retrieved from the data storage system of a device. The Board, or its designee, shall have access to any and all records.
"Reciprocity" means the process by which the Board may defer
to a foreign state's device standards and specifications when an interlock participant is required to meet an interlock requirement for more than one state simultaneously.
"Reference sample device" means any alcohol breath testing external control or device approved for use by the Board.
"Retest" means a breath alcohol test or tests required in accordance with O.A.C. 40:50-1-3(e).
"Startup set point" means an alcohol concentration at which, or above, the device would prevent the vehicle from starting.
"Tampering" means any act or attempt to alter, interfere, disable, defeat or circumvent the installation or operation of the device.
"Vendor" means a licensed ignition interlock technician designated by the Manufacturer representative of a certified device to act on behalf of or represent the manufacturer in all matters under the jurisdiction or consideration of the Board, excluding matters related to device certification.
[Source: Added at 27 Ok Reg 2667, eff 8-26-10; Amended at 32 Ok Reg 1536, eff 9-11-15; Amended at 33 Ok Reg 1190, eff 9-11-16] | <urn:uuid:22f56ce2-8493-42bf-9c4c-c6a1678d857b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.oar.state.ok.us/viewhtml/40_50-1-1.1.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00193-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.912638 | 1,023 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Artificial intelligence has existed since the beginning of technology, but as time advanced, it became a more ubiquitous aspect of daily life, with AI-driven algorithms impacting virtually every action we undertakeAI, also known as Artificial Intelligence, refers to a machine’s capacity to replicate human behavior. It is the process of giving machines the ability to think, understand natural language, and perceive emotion. It has been in development for decades and will c.
Artificial intelligence has become vitally important in the world of technology. It has become crucial for businesses to optimize their functioning with its use. Over the past years, AI has been emerging productively in the global market as a necessity and essence of reality that firms grow more cost-effective through AI technology on their workforces. To maintain competitiveness and market share, adapt to changing demand has become necessary. One of these advancements is the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into Marketing, which has now been proven to growing effectively and rapidly at every stage throughout time with efficient accuracy and higher performance. Artificial Intelligence has begun to play a significant role in our lives. It is not only about technology, but it has also been implemented in various departments of scientific and technical areas. This form of automation can solve issues that we have never been able to address before, and the progression of these machines will impact every aspect of our lives ahead.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly becoming a crucial component of marketing strategies. Although AI is not directly related to sales and marketing, but it does have significant potential for businesses seeking to acquire new consumers via both online and offline interactions. For marketers, AI has been a game-changer, allowing them to make better decisions based on data collected from prior experiences or recent events. Marketers employ data obtained from artificial intelligence technology as well as human analysis of consumer needs and wants, to produce solutions that are tailored specifically to the preferences of targeted customers. Marketers are investigating how they might employ artificial intelligence capabilities that go beyond just advertising products or services more effectively by analyzing data sets of customer behavior patterns. In our current age with a digitally connected society, it is hard to imagine that there was once life without computers. However, one day in the not-so-distant future we may find ourselves struggling to complete even basic tasks due to artificial intelligence (AI). This raises an important question: what will happen when all jobs are automated by machines and humans eventually become obsolete as workers in this brave new economy. Jobs like customer service representatives for example would likely be replaced entirely by chatbots which can answer questions 24/7 at any given moment etc. To get a comprehensive vision of where AI will drive the world of marketing, the following major viewpoints can be used to assess it.
Due to the advent of AI, Marketers may now obtain data-driven insights and feedback from AI technologies, which will help them develop content more successfully. Businesses may improve their marketing efforts and deliver higher marketing success by developing a continuous loop of ideas for improving the quality of their work between content creators and artificial intelligence. For instance, Artificial intelligence will have a significant influence on marketing in the future when it comes to developing content. Instead of manually creating blogs, social media postings, and other sorts of material for their customers, AI can automate the process in a fraction of time. It will assist marketers in gaining business insights, refining rankings, and conducting effective keyword research.
Artificial intelligence has a greater insight into what customers want, which means it can easily uncover trends and customer insights to enhance advertising efforts. Artificial intelligence is a fascinating new tool that is revolutionizing the way advertisers create content and tailor messages for their audiences. Artificial intelligence tools are proving to be the key to personalized advertisement production. These AI can change parts of advertising according to different types of audiences being catered to, from music tastes and interests. It does this by including unique ideas, music, text, images which vary depending on what appeal they want from an audience. Artificial intelligence can help businesses to anticipate what their customers’ needs are. This allows retailers and companies to better tailor ads that will be more appealing and attractive, saving time in the process of trying out several different campaigns until they discover one that works best for the company’s objectives.
As the cost of email marketing continues to rise, businesses are becoming more interested in discovering ways to save money. Researchers using artificial intelligence have devised a method for improving emails and reducing the quantity of spam delivered. Email optimization using Artificial Intelligence has been a high priority as marketers seek methods to decrease costs while also increasing campaign open rates. Artificial intelligence (AI) has made email marketing more effective. AI-powered email marketing tools, like dynamic content and live chat agents, can help to boost your campaign’s open and click rates significantly. This means that each campaign will provide a better return on investment, making it a profitable proposition to integrate this technology in your marketing planning and strategies.
ADVANCEMENT IN AR & VR
Technological advancements in artificial intelligence have led to the development of augmented reality and virtual reality. The ever-evolving tech industry has introduced new ways for people to interact with digital information through software, robotics, or other electronics such as AR/VR headsets. Marketing teams have experienced exponential growth in the use of augmented and virtual reality. Virtual reality (VR) enables immersive experiences that may be used to imitate real-life scenarios, whilst augmented reality (AR) assists with a variety of activities such as accessing the information on the internet. The use of AI in augmented and virtual reality is becoming more common for marketing purposes. Virtual advertising has existed since 2000, but with the introduction of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR), it has become more specialized in developing and optimizing marketing strategies. Digital marketers may now create a human-like avatar that can be used as an avatar on several social media platforms such as websites, social media platforms, etc. Marketers have discovered that this new means of reaching customers is more engaging than conventional kinds of advertising such as television ads or billboard adverts because it is interactive, immersive, and personal.
EFFICIENT CUSTOMER SERVICE WITH AI
As Artificial Intelligence advances in the field of Customer Service, we may anticipate AI technologies making customer service more efficient and cost-effective for both enterprises and customers. This could lead to a better quality of experience when it comes to resolving any problems that arise from the businesses because automated chatbots and virtual assistants VAs allows quick responses within the system running on the behalf of the businesses 24/7. Chatbots can now provide information on company offerings and services. These chatbots have the potential to not only save time but also human resources by streamlining communications with customers that are looking for assistance via phone calls, emails, or conversations at retail locations. It may also help businesses cut costs, generate revenues, and, most crucially, deliver high-quality services with tailored interactions that could not be replicated by humans alone. Hence, the AI chatbot is quickly becoming an asset for customer service as it has paved new avenues of opportunity in organizations and industries.
AI will continue to have a major impact on the world of marketing in near future. Marketers who employ AI technology will outperform those who do not, since they will be able to compete more effectively with competing brands and companies for their target audience’s attention by advertising at times when consumers are most receptive.
It’s no secret that marketing is a growing field. In fact, it may be the most competitive industry out there right now. That said, with so many different channels to choose from when it comes to digital marketing, it can be tough to know which one will work best for your business. The following article takes a look at 4 digital marketing channels that are evoking emotions and how they could benefit your company. So whether you’re looking for ways to improve customer engagement or new avenues of advertising revenue (or both!),
If you’re interested in learning more about the world of digital marketing, check out our blog.
read on! 4 Digital Marketing Channels That are Evoking Emotions: 1) “The Human Touch” by using emotional language in content; 2) Social Media Engagement; 3) Video Marketing; | <urn:uuid:fc559ab0-4639-45df-8b04-3c2684f663d7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://planzcreatives.com/a-complete-guide-to-where-ai-will-take-your-marketing-plan-z/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.952304 | 1,694 | 3.3125 | 3 |
China says it's poorly prepared to fight climate change impact
China's government says the country is poorly prepared to tackle the impact of climate change that presents a serious threat to the country, thanks to a lack of planning and public awareness.
The world's most populous country already faces challenges from weather extremes, with 2,000 people dying on average each year since the 1990s in natural disasters that are set to get worse, China's powerful economic planning agency said.
"Our country is a developing nation with a large population, complex climate conditions and a weak environment (situation)," the National Development and Reform Commission said in a report.
"Climate change is already a serious threat to food, water, ecological and energy security, and to people's lives and property," it added.
"The mission to deal with climate change is very arduous, but knowledge in society and ability to do this are weak across the board."
China is seeing more droughts in its northern region, with typhoons arriving earlier, wetlands drying up and sea levels rising, said the document, published in coordination with several ministries, including the Agriculture Ministry.
"In the future the rising trend of temperatures will become even more obvious, there will be even more unfavourable impacts (from climate change), and if effective measures are not taken the losses from disasters caused by extreme weather will be even more serious," the agency added.
Government steps to mitigate climate change range from building more reservoirs, providing better protection to forests and wetlands to improving weather warning systems, but the overall picture was not optimistic, the planner said.
"Although our work at dealing with climate change has achieved some successes, basic abilities have yet to be raised up, and there are many weak links in our work," it added.
China was unable to protect basic infrastructure such as power and water supplies from extreme weather events, and flood prevention efforts need to be spruced up, it said.
A coal-dependent manufacturing base has made China the world's biggest contributor to climate change, while high and rising local air-pollution levels have sparked widespread public anger nationwide.
In recent months, officials have outlined new policies to fight the problem, on top of steep renewable energy targets in the current five-year plan.
China's pollution is expected to continue growing well into the next decade, albeit at a slower pace, as it has little choice but to rely on fossil fuels to develop its western interior. | <urn:uuid:e688c334-ad87-41a5-8b58-8bcad09a630f> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-12-09/an-china-climate/5145458 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718423.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00271-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966082 | 498 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Sir — With the demise of Bal Thackeray, the Right-wing forces have lost an eloquent and fearless leader (“Legend of fear, myth of hypnotism”, Nov 18). The Shiv Sena supremo had an enviable hold over his supporters. The people of Maharashtra adulated him for championing their cause. Even his political adversaries cannot underplay the role he played for almost five decades in the socio-political life of the country.
People from different walks of life approached Thackeray whenever they were in trouble. He will be remembered as the leader who spoke out for his people without mincing words. His speeches were often jingoistic but he never repented what he said. In today’s political world of doublespeak, Thackerey stands out as a leader who spoke his mind.
Bichu Muttathara, Pune
Sir — Bal Thackeray was the most charismatic leader of Maharashtra. From a mere cartoonist he became a powerful political figure. People turned up in large numbers to hear his speech at the annual Dussehra rally, which is an important event in Maharashtra. Although Thackeray’s beliefs were communal in nature, he had fought for the betterment of the state. He was a good orator and a shrewd politician.
N.R. Ramachandran, Chennai
Sir — Bal Thackeray was a fearless political leader who voiced what he believed in, no matter how unpalatable his ideas may have been to his contemporaries. As a man of principles, he preached what he practised. He was probably the only Indian politician who dared to confront the Mumbai underworld.
His political career proves that millions of people still venerate his brand of value-based politics no matter how impractical it may be to those who consider politics to be a lucrative profession. He rued the fact that most national political parties ignore matters of national interest and security. However, he committed a grave mistake by distancing the Shiv Sena from the Bharatiya Janata Party. He thus lost the opportunity of becoming a great national leader. But his death is a loss for the nation. It has created a huge political vacuum in Maharashtra.
Shivaji K. Moitra, Kharagpur
Sir — With the death of Bal Thackeray, the country has lost the only political figure in the country who could command respect across political lines. Political allies from Maharashtra in the Union government, mainly the Nationalist Congress Party, should persuade the authorities to pay a befitting tribute to this political stalwart.
Thackeray never allowed differences of ideology to hurt friendships. His popularity reached far and wide, so much so that the Pakistani cricketer, Javed Miandad, prayed for his speedy recovery.
Subhash Chandra Agrawal, Dariba, Delhi
Sir — Bal Thackeray built his career trying to restore asmita — the pride of the Marathi Manoos. Unlike other politicians, he never played the caste card to win elections. When the Shiv Sena first came to power in alliance with the BJP, he made a Brahmin, Manohar Joshi, the chief minister of the state. These traits in his character are worth emulating. But he would not always be remembered in a favourable light. The reason for this is simple. He would often resort to violence to ensure that his writ was followed in the state.
Ambar Mallick, Calcutta
Sir — The news item, “Future jurists lose Suva wisdom” (Nov 17), says inter alia that the West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences, located in Calcutta, is a Central institution. The university was established in 1999 by an act of the West Bengal legislature and is an autonomous state university.
The state law minister is right in saying that it is not necessary for a policy-making body of a law institute to have people only from the legal profession since in the past there had been people from other disciplines in such committees. However, the suitability of the person in question may be a matter of conjecture.
Susanta Ghosh, Calcutta | <urn:uuid:045f41f0-4e6c-49a6-a2d6-b64cda8d79c8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.telegraphindia.com/1121120/jsp/opinion/story_16210945.jsp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00543-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975491 | 856 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Applying OGC sensor web enablement to ocean observing systems
Document typeConference report
Rights accessOpen Access
ProjectNEXOS - Next generation, Cost-effective, Compact, Multifunctional Web Enabled Ocean Sensor Systems Empowering Marine, Maritime and Fisheries Management (EC-FP7-614102)
The complexity of marine installations for ocean observing systems has grown significantly in recent years. In a network consisting of tens, hundreds or thousands of marine instruments, manual configuration and integration becomes very challenging. Simplifying the integration process in existing or newly established observing systems would benefit system operators and is important for the broader application of different sensors. This article presents an approach for the automatic configuration and integration of sensors into an interoperable Sensor Web infrastructure. First, the sensor communication model, based on OGC's SensorML standard, is utilized. It serves as a generic driver mechanism since it enables the declarative and detailed description of a sensor's protocol. Finally, we present a data acquisition architecture based on the OGC PUCK protocol that enables storage and retrieval of the SensorML document from the sensor itself, and automatic integration of sensors into an interoperable Sensor Web infrastructure. Our approach adopts Efficient XML Interchange (EXI) as alternative serialization form of XML or JSON. It solves the bandwidth problem of XML and JSON.
CitationToma, D.M., Del Rio, J., Martinez, E., Delory, E., Jirka, S., Pearlman, J., Waldmann, C. Applying OGC sensor web enablement to ocean observing systems. A: Geospatial Sensor Webs Conference. "CEUR Workshop Proceedings : Geospatial Sensor Webs 2016. Proceedings of the Geospatial Sensor Webs Conference 2016 : Münster, Germany, August 29 - 31, 2016". Munster: 2016. | <urn:uuid:17990127-95c3-407d-99e8-90335c93ffaa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://upcommons.upc.edu/handle/2117/100529 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.782029 | 412 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Milesight cellular controller device with a RS232 interface supports to transparent raw data between RS232 terminal devices and TCP/UDP servers. This article will describe how to set up transmission between RS232 of Milesight Cellular controllers and TCP server.
- Milesight Cellular controller: UC300 (Cellular version)/UC3x
- SIM card
- Milesight ToolBox for Windows: download here
- TCPCOM software(simulate as RS232 terminal device)
Basic wiring: PC(serial port tool)--Milesight controller--- TCP server
1. Connect PC to RS232 of device via USB-RS232 converter and insert the SIM card.
2. Power on UC300 and configure the cellular settings to make the device connect to cellular network.
3. Run ToolBox, select correct serial port. The default password is 123456.
4. Go to General-RS232, enable RS232 function and select Protocol as TCP. Then ensure basic parameters are the same as your RS232 terminal device.
5. Fill in server address and server port on Toolbox. When the device connects to TCP server successfully, the status will show “Connected” in green.
6. Run TCPOM software, configure RS232 basic parameter, then click Open to set up transmission between TCPCOM and controller. Please note that the RS232 settings should be the same as controller’s settings, then send a message to controller.
Go to TCP server to check, you can see RS232 data immediately. As shown:
7. You can also send message on Sever side to controller.
Then you will see RS232 data on RS232 terminal device side immediately. | <urn:uuid:a894d83c-0dab-4ef1-8eeb-a6626fbde966> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://support.milesight-iot.com/support/solutions/articles/73000571048-how-to-use-rs232-on-uc300-uc3x-cellular-controller | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.760588 | 358 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Women, are they impure ? Does their mensurating feature which is a natural biological process makes them impure ? These questions cannot be answered with rationality and logical mind by any religious goons. All women never enter any temple themselves when they are mensurating because they believe the blood to be impure and that’s the tradition says, Hindu parties. They must understand that change is inevitable and they can’t keep holding onto this idiotic tradition.
In the year 2015 , Gopalakrishnan the head of the Travancore Devaswom Board, said that women could be permitted to enter the temple when a machine to check whether it was the ‘right time’ is invented, a number of women and men criticized his patriarchial view.
Facebook group Feminism in India began the #Happytobleed event and hashtag, in which women hold up sanitary napkins or signboards saying they are happy to bleed.
Even after such repeated explanations and campaigning that mensus is a natural biological process in women , like men generate sperms , poop and pee , male dominant religious mind attitude are not willing to understand . But time has come to throw away them says , Supreme Court in its judgment regarding women entry into Sabarimala temple.
On September 28, 2018, Supreme Court confirms that women can enter the temple of sabarimala and they can’t be stopped as per constitutional principles.
In the year 2016, On August 27, the Bombay High Court came out with a landmark judgment on the Haji Ali Dargah: “Women be permitted to enter the sanctum sanctorum of the Haji Ali Dargah at par with men,” adding that the Haji Ali Dargah Trust cannot enforce a ban “contrary to the fundamental rights” granted by the Constitution. The Sabarimala judgment too stressed that restricting women entering temples is against the fundamental rights guaranteed by the constitution .
“Why can you not let a woman enter? On what basis are you prohibiting women entry? What is your logic? Women may or may not want to go [to worship at Sabarimala], but that is their personal choice,” pronounced Justice Dipak Misra, heading a three-member apex court bench on the case, “you cannot prevent them from worshipping at the shrine, since it’s against Article 14 (Equality) , Article 25,26( Freedom to religion)of the Indian Constitution.
Following the judgment many progressive women from all over India decided to give an entry to the temple. All Hindu parties and bjp are creating tension in Kerala to stop women entering the temple. They said they plan to commit mass suicide if women gain entry to sabarimala temple which will hurt their religious sentiments. When people never gave their ears to these unnecessary threatenings they started saying that if women try to gain entry to the temple then , they are going to fall in the feet of women and plead to stop entry . Middle of all their political stunts and drama we had Madhavi from Andhra Pradesh who gained entry to the temple. Bjp and their allies and congress are trying to make use of this issue for their political gains and stand united in not letting the communist government succeed in this venture but Chief Minister of Kerala is fighting it back in a steady and courageous way.
If we look at the brief history of Aiyappan temples, all temples at Kerala and Tamilnadu do not restrict women, there Aiyappan is a married guy.
Only Sabarimala temple plays the foul game by saying Aiyappan is a bramacharri and women from age 10-50 when mensurating are not let inside due to their impurity that will disturb the bramachariyam of Aiyappan. History reads that earlier Aiyappan temple from Sabarimala was tribal god but later it was abducted by upper caste and they started implementing these rules.
The ban to restrict women entering Sabarimala Temple was announced in the year 1972. Even after such pronouncement it was not implemented strictly . In the year 1986, a film shooting was made there in which the actress dances in all the 18 steps. The Devastham Board has charged Rs. 7500/- for this shooting says N.S. Madhavan. Only in the year 1990 following the public interest litigation the high court of Kerala ordered for the non- entry of women into Sabarimala temple. In the year 1993 it was strictly implemented and women were totally banned from entering Sabarimala under Rule 3 (b) of the Kerala Hindu Places of Public Worship (Authorisation of Entry) Rules, 1965.
But even from Ancient times, only in this temple the babies were given their first food by their mothers. There are evidences that in the year 1939 , the Queen of Travancore had conducted pooja inside Sabarimala Aiyappan temple .
T.K.A Nair the former secretary of , former Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh has recalled his picture sitting on the lap of his mother in Sabarimala Temple. All these facts clarify that before 1991 all women had complete access to Sabarimala temple.
Also we can not deny the fact that Rss hardcore leaders and allies who are creating tension at Kerala now, were the one who filed a case in the year 2006, asking for unrestricted access to women at Sabarimala temple. It’s transparent that today their double standards is purely on political strategies.
We the progressive rationals from all over India , let’s make sure to stand with Kerala Government to win over the conspiracies of Hindutva Goons and make sure women get their constitutional rights. | <urn:uuid:92a12c7d-8507-43b0-ada6-352bf35cb51a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pascamerica.org/article/womens-rights-and-sabarimala-temple/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.964921 | 1,201 | 2 | 2 |
Off-Road Vehicle Safety
Since the 1980’s, All-Terrain Vehicles (ATVs) and Utility Vehicles (UTVs) have become increasingly important tools in many businesses. Unfortunately, ATVs and UTVs have also become a major cause of accidents. Based on a report from the Consumer Product Safety Commission that looked at a three-year period from 2015 thru 2017 (last year with complete data) there was an estimated 333,600 injuries and 2,258 deaths related to Off-Highway Vehicles (OHVs). The report this data came from does not address every vehicle with off-road capability. The report excludes dune buggies, sand rails, and golf carts, as well as two-wheeled vehicles with off-road capabilities.
Overturning is the most common cause of injuries and fatalities. Forward and backward overturns often occur while descending or ascending steep terrain. On flat terrain, when an OHV operator attempts to make a sharp turn, the OHV may roll over due to factors such as high rate of speed, change in the terrain surface type, and/or improper loading. Overturns account for an estimated 65% of all fatalities involving an OHV. Collisions are another frequent hazard among OHV accidents. Collisions are the primary hazard in about 37% of the fatalities. Of those collisions, approximately 61% are with stationary objects, such as trees, guard rails, and mailboxes. Speeding and improper handling are the primary factors in collision accidents. OHV occupant ejection ultimately occurs in the majority of fatalities. The report estimates more than 80% of decedents were ejected whether fully or partially.
Luckily, the majority of the OHV accidents were treated and released (84%). The most common diagnoses were fractures (28%) and contusions/abrasions (21%). The most affected body parts were primarily: the arm (29%), the head or neck (29%), the leg (21%), and the torso (20%). Unfortunately, over 50% of all OHV accidents involved people under 24 years of age.
UTVs, ATVs, and other OHVs are useful tools and are commonly used on many farms and other worksites. Like any tool, training has to be completed to ensure everyone knows how to safely operate the equipment. If you are one of many of the businesses that use OHVs, take the time now to ensure your employees are properly trained.
Topping, John. “2020 Report of Deaths and Injuries Involving Off-Highway Vehicles with More than Two Wheels.” Cpsc.gov, Consumer Product Safety Commission, Dec. 2020, https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-Report-of-Deathsand-Injuries-Invovling-Off-HighwayVehicles.pdf?czH_I.104OtVwPty_gQLdzWIp1SK5lSn#:~:text=CPSC%20staff%20is%20aware%20of,period%20from%202015%20through%202017.&text=(ATVs)%2C%20445%20as%20Recreational,Utility%20Terrain%20Vehicles%20(UTVs). | <urn:uuid:69557123-d36d-4130-95bb-60667da8785a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.agritrust.biz/safety-alerts/january-alert/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.946563 | 678 | 2.609375 | 3 |
How To Use Smith And Wesson M&p 2.0 Последние твиты от Smith & Wesson Inc. (@Smith_WessonInc). @Smith_WessonInc. One of the world's largest manufacturers of quality firearms and firearm safety/security products. #smithandwesson. This video cannot be played because of a technical error.(Error Code: 102001). The Smith & Wesson Model 10 is a classic police revolver used by police and military on most continents from
Apr 14, 2019.
Us Armament corporation makes a reproduction of the 1903, in .32 ACP that is ironically licensed by Colt. But Colt does not itself make the 1903 or 1908.
Apr 7, 2017.
The 1903 Colt is one of the world's great pocket pistols.
In 1944, it was decided that the Pocket Hammerless in .380 would make an apt.
Colt did not invent the revolver. However, he developed, and improved upon other designs, and was able to secure patents for designs that he gets credit for. Though seldom exercised, a hammerless revolver can also be fired while still concealed within an article with no risk of malfunction since the.
The Colt Model 1903 Pocket Hammerless (not to be confused with the Colt Model 1903 Pocket Hammer or the M1903 Springfield rifle) is a .32 ACP caliber, self-loading, semi-automatic pistol designed by John Browning and built by Colt Patent Firearms Manufacturing Company of Hartford.
Shooting History Series review of the Colt 1903 Pocket Hammerless. The 1903 does have a hammer-it is covered by the slide, which makes it that much more well suited for concealed carry. Then there is the 1908 Colt Pocket Hammerless. The 1908 is, for all practical purposes, the exact.
Though Colt had made its reputation on revolvers, just before the turn of the 20th century, company The Pocket Hammerless was a prepossessing little arm, and it was immediately recognized that it This has been done purposely so that one can tell at a glance that they're encountering one of the.
Do I want a hammerless model? Hammerless guns have pros and cons. Actually, the term is something of a misnomer, they still have a hammer, but it Conclusion. People have been concealing revolvers ever since Colt made their first small pocket models. Since then, they have proven to be a.
Supreme Versatility: The 12-Gauge Shotshell – However, copper and nickel plating do provide some benefits.
shell—real versatility for the one-gun man. Today, 3 1⁄2"-chambered 12s abound and, like the 3" magnum, have increased the.
Despite the title "hammerless", the Model 1903 does have a hammer. The hammer is covered and hidden from view under the rear of the slide, this allows the.
How Much Is A Smith & Wesson Extreme Ops Knife Flash Sale: Smith & Wesson Knives and Self-Defense Gear 63% Off Today – These impressive price reductions even include the brand’s Smith & Wesson Extreme Ops Folding Knife, which was recently named “Best Overall” in our recent roundup of Best Folding Knives. I've had this knife for about a year, it's well made and sharp.
Hammerless revolvers are a popular choice as a self-defense firearm for concealed carry. This is especially true for beginning shooters and those looking Hammerless revolvers still have a hammer. It is just concealed within the frame of the revolver. Scroll down to learn more and to see the best.
If self-defense and ease of use is something you're looking for, there's not much of a better option. The small frame of most conceal carry guns is what makes.
Colt's King Cobra is reincarnated for 2019 as the 6-Shot, .357 Magnum big brother of the Colt Cobra Double Action revolver. This King Cobra Carry is the.
Colt Model 1903 Pocket Hammerless. Смотреть позже.
The Colt 1903 Pocket Hammerless is reasonably small. The concealed carry market was dominated by small frame revolvers in larger calibers. While Walther and Beretta and others still made guns in .32 ACP, and still do, the chambering was distinctly unpopular.
While Kimber is better known for their high-end semi-automatic pistols, they also have a line of hammerless revolvers that gets much less press. Unsurprisingly, | <urn:uuid:5e12f504-3f7c-4ca9-913a-dca1632372c0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gunnarsofiowa.com/does-colt-make-a-hammerless-revolver/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.952184 | 946 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Aaron Swartz’s recent suicide has sparked discussion all over the internet, with much of it to do with his strong belief in the moral imperative of sharing scholarship and making it accessible to all. There’s a certain strong raw attraction towards this idea, however, it’s practicality is far from a simple matter. It’s a rather complicated and nuanced question that needs more serious discussion along with the impassioned cries. I found myself in one of these discussions, (sparked by Shashank Kumar and Tara Van Ho) and thought I’d share some thoughts along with some relevant points that arose in that discussion. We focused on the problems of access to scholarship today as well as the viability of the recommendations such as those of the Finch Report (available here) on Open Access that the UK Government has recently adopted. (warning: long post)
|Perfectly summed up by GB Shaw.
Calligraphy by Itti
First, the problem:
Quoting from Swartz, “Information is power. But like all power, there are those who want to keep it for themselves.” And indeed, it is tremendous power. If we lived in a world where information served as currency, every transaction would lead to everyone becoming richer, and one can only imagine what a globalised ‘idea economy’ would have led to. Idealistic or not, it is unfortunate that this is not our reality. Instead we have a series of proxies which we rely on to encourage, generate and spread this information; and these proxies are far from ideal, leaving several distortions in their wake.
Attaching property rights as commonly understood to information has serious repercussions Information, being a public good, is most beneficial when shared. This sharing also allows for organic and exponential growth due to the ever expanding baseline of knowledge that everyone is given access to when an idea is thrown into this pool. Thus, any restriction on this knowledge sharing should normatively be allowed only if there is an appropriate justification. So the question is: Does (temporarily) restricting the spread of scholarship encourage the overall growth of scholarship? Given that (a) the incentives are directed towards publishing companies instead of scholars, and (b) that the common perception is that these publishing companies add sub-proportionate value to the whole process, scholars and researchers world over are starting to demand a release from the restriction privileges that the publication companies are given.
Today the crisis in academic scholarship, to be stated simply is that scholarship is not being shared as widely as it could and should be. With the internet, for the first time, there is a super cheap mode of dissemination of scholarship that could make information available to all with an internet connection. Traditionally, publishers have held this role of disseminators, as it was beyond the means of authors to do so themselves. And of course, they also add certain value by organising scholarship as well as providing an idea of the quality of the work.
However, the value that they do not add includes actually reviewing the work (which is done by other researchers peer-reviewing for free) and funding the research being published (often publicly funded – but not subsequently available to the public). Authors provide their scholarship to the journals either for free or by paying a charge to get published. Journals then sell these collected works primarily to libraries/institutes (back to where it came from!), or per piece, to individuals at very high rates. This is despite the rapid transition that many journals have done by jumping on to the digital platform. One would think that this would lead to a drop in prices but this is apparently not the case. The prices remain on par with the former print prices. While introducing an online version doesn’t mean online costs don’t exist, or that the print prices disappear, it would appear to me that there should be some (substantial) difference in price as some costs have surely gone disappeared.
In terms of effects on the world of academics: this generally means that those with access to large resources are the ones who can get access to more scholarship. In turn, this means that these are the ones with more opportunities to produce more scholarship. More funding occurs. Cycle repeats.
What is being discussed the most though, is simply that scholarship is being restricted by journals and sold at artificial prices at the cost of scholarship. As per the Economist: “Elsevier, the biggest publisher of journals with almost 2,000 titles, cruised through the recession. Last year it made £724m ($1.1 billion) on revenues of £2 billion—an operating-profit margin of 36%.” And this, even while Harvard is saying that it can’t afford journal prices.
When one has the requisite resources to buy into these journal subscriptions, one tends to go about his work. When one does not have the requisite resources to buy into these resources, one tends to spend their efforts trying to get hold of what they can manage. So, who spends their efforts at changing this?
Traditionally, this cycle of those with resources continuing to receive more resources, would mean that those without voices, continue to not receive a voice – which they need to even to complain about not having a voice! However, a few factors seem to have combined to start changing this.
1. With developing countries taking a larger presence on the international stage, large institutes within them, while poor with respect to the large institutes in the developed world, have increasingly been able to communicate their concerns through their governments in the international discussions involving access to knowledge.
2. Terrific activism by those who have understood the possibilities unleashed with the internet.
3. The internet has had a remarkable democratization effect, providing individuals all over the world an opportunity to make their voice heard and to hear other voices. Many of these voices have tended to combine under the loosely defined leadership roles played by the above mentioned activists, giving both louder voices.
4. No doubt, the falling budgets in the developed countries due to the fiscal crisis have sensitized them to prices as well.
Problems are being raised. And more importantly, they are being given attention and possibilities of solutions to these are being explored.
Now what? What is the Open Access movement and can it help?
Open Access scholarship is scholarly literature that is provided via the internet and is unrestricted, allowing anyone to access it. In other words, Open Access journals are ones that are not operated based on the reader-pays or subscription-funded model. As for how they are funded – there is active debate regarding the most optimal method. The more popular demand side models include the Article Processing Charge (APC) model, the Advertisement/Sponsorship backed model and the subsidy based models. The more popular supply side models include implementing fees based on (a) Use over a certain free-floor, (b) the supply of literature in convenient formats, and (c) for additional value added. There’s a great guide to several supply side as well as demand side revenue generation mechanisms for Open Access scholarship that’s been made available by SPARC (the Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition) here.
The UK govt has notably dived into the Open Access movement with its acceptance of the recommendations of the Finch Report (available here). It plans on making (wholly or partially) publicly funded research available for free public access from mid 2013 by implementing a mixture of ‘Green OA self-archiving’ and ‘Gold OA’ Publishing. Green OA self archiving involves the researchers publishing their research in any journal but also making a post print version of the article available in an appropriate repository without restrictions for non-commercial use within 6 months of publication. The recommendations make clear though, that it is strongly preferable authors take the Gold OA route. If the author chooses to go the Gold OA route, he must submit his article in a compliant journal using a Creative Commons non-commercial reuse license. The Research Council of UK (RCUK) will provide funds to institutions for the payment of Article Processing Charges (APCs). The policy also states that all these peer reviewed papers must include details of the funding that went into it as well as how to access the underlying research materials.
This sounds very public friendly and would be very beneficial for accessing publicly funded scholarship. There could be possible problems following this model though, especially for countries like India. It would appear that until a sufficiently large amount of scholarship has gone open access, they will have to continue to pay for library subscriptions as well, thus doubling spending on both supply and demand side. This may especially be the case if other governments do not pursue Open Access with equal enthusiasm. There are other implementation questions that arise though. On what basis will the govt decide what scholarship to provide APCs for? Will they allot quotas to institutes? If so, this is bound to be problematic as issues of division within the institute, as well as issues of how much each institute gets will arise. Will they simply fund everything? This may be too expensive a proposition. Perhaps the journals could be ranked by a team of experts and only articles selected in journals of a certain quality would be funded?
There are bound to be plenty of questions and issues which arise while branching out from the traditional model of publication. However, I certainly view it as a very positive step for global scholarship that the issue of access to scholarship is being taken seriously enough to experiment with new and innovative Open Access models. | <urn:uuid:da5ad6a5-dc78-43c3-bf9a-676d8d9f5c8d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://spicyip.com/2013/01/open-access-what-is-it-about.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.967377 | 1,948 | 1.773438 | 2 |
WOMEN IN THE WORKFORCE
May 17, 2005
The number of women entering the American workforce has risen in recent decades, according to the U.S. Department of Labor. In 1970, about 43 percent of women aged 16 or older worked; the number rose steadily until stabilizing around 60 percent in 1999, where it has hovered since.
The number of self-employed women and women entrepreneurs is also on the rise.
- Between 1976-2004, the percentage of women who were self-employed increased 1.2 percentage points while the number of self-employed men fell.
- According to the Center for Women?s Business Research, the estimated growth rate in the number of women-owned firms between 1997 and 2004 was nearly twice that of all firms (17 vs. 9 percent), employment expanded at twice the rate of all firms (24 vs. 12 percent), and estimated revenues kept pace with all firms (39 vs. 34 percent).
In addition to joining the workforce, women have made significant inroads into higher paying careers, thus increasing the contribution of working wives to family income.
- Both husband and wife had earnings from work in 58 percent of married-couple families in 2003, compared with 44 percent in 1967.
- In 1973, wives? earnings accounted for 26 percent of their families? income; by 2003, that share had grown to 35 percent.
- The proportion of wives earning more than their husbands also grew; in 1987, 18 percent of working wives whose husbands also worked earned more than their spouses; in 2003, it had grown to 25 percent.
Source: ?Women in the Labor Force: A Databook,? Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, May 2005.
Browse more articles on Economic Issues | <urn:uuid:c247f5d9-72f4-42e0-b47f-3d51f277f4c1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ncpa.org/sub/dpd/index.php?Article_ID=1697 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00132-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969613 | 366 | 2.78125 | 3 |
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6 March 1973, near Afton, Texas, USA. Raised in a rural community, where the chief forms of entertainment came from books and records, Willmon developed an abiding interest in words and music. The music he heard during these years included records by Joe Ely, Waylon Jennings, George Strait and Don Williams as well as the pop of Buddy Holly. Other declared musical influences include Chris LeDoux and John Mellencamp. By the time that he was in his mid-teens Willmon had begun to play the guitar and sat in with a number of bands. He studied for a degree in Animal Science, but maintained his interest in words and music and eventually redirected his studies into music and adding the bass to his instrumental arsenal.
Eventually settling in Nashville, Tennessee, Willmon worked as a songwriter for Sea Gayle Music and also began making an impression as a singer. He signed a recording contract with Columbia Records at the start of the new millennium,... | <urn:uuid:252fcc4e-ecec-4f99-a25b-67aa6b502d90> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.oldies.com/artist-view/Trent-Willmon.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720962.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00385-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974918 | 226 | 1.710938 | 2 |
(NECN: Barbara Morse Silva) - A Rhode Island patient in need of an organ transplant was able to find a donor, but they weren't a match.
Thanks to a paired organ exchange program, she was able to get the transplant she needed.
Sandra Bethune and Pam Vidal have been best friends pretty much forever.
"My aunt and her mom grew up together in Falmouth and when I was 4-years-old, my aunt took me to see her best friend in Rhode Island and that's how I met Sandy. She was 5 and I was 4," said Pam Vidal, kidney donor.
So when Bethune’s kidneys began to fail, Vidal was there emotionally. And then, Sandra had to go on dialysis.
"She was going downhill. You could see it," said Vidal.
A couple of family members came forward. None were healthy enough. Then something happened.
"April 10 last year, I had a dream that sandy and I were on gurney's together and my kidney just kept pulling over to her," Vidal explained.
So Vidal called Bethune.
"’I have a healthy kidney and you don't and I want to give you my kidney,’ and we cried.”
It turned out pam was perfect donor material, but not for Bethune.
"She said ‘Okay, we don't match, but okay, what's the next step and that's when they introduced us to the exchange program," Bethune said.
"Rhode Island Hospital was the first hospital in the US to do paired kidney exchanges. We exchanged kidneys between two patients who had different blood types and both families agreed they would donate to the opposite family to allow transplantation to occur," said Dr. Paul Morrissey, a surgeon at the hospital.
The kidney exchange is now a national program. Vidal was willing to donate. And two folks in Maryland were willing, and like Vidal, not a match for their loved ones. So the three hospitals coordinated a three way kidney exchange. The actual date was February, 25, 2013.
"So timing is everything, so there's a lot of coordination between our center, Johns Hopkins and the University of Maryland. On the actual day of surgery, all the surgeons are in communication about making their incisions and starting operations at the exact same time," Dr. Morrissey continued.
Six months later, Bethune says she got her life back.
This kidney exchange is offered to donors like Vidal who are willing and healthy enough to donate but not a match for the recipient.
Dr. Morrissey says there are advantages to receiving a kidney from a live donor. The wait can be considerably less, the kidney usually works immediately, and lasts longer. | <urn:uuid:f975566d-78c1-4037-887b-ce7fef980256> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.necn.com/news/new-england/247921171.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721405.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00314-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.987375 | 576 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Sister School in China
In February 2015 Miles River Middle School hosted 23 students in grades 6-8 from the Gaoqiao Donglu School in Shanghai China. a friendship was formed and Superintendent Mike Harvey and representatives from Donglu signed documents formally declaring the Donglu School and Miles River Middle School as sister schools. We look forward to the exciting opportunities this friendship will bring.
In 2019 our friendship with our school in China continues. The Donglu School has re-affiliated itself and is now know as the Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance Affiliated School. You can learn more about the school by watching this video. | <urn:uuid:89f6c23d-51ac-4ec2-a5fa-25b3c76871f9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mrms.hwschools.net/about/sister-school-in-china | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.969164 | 128 | 1.59375 | 2 |
David Boulton examines an extreme answer to extremism
Sam Harris is a young philosophy graduate from Stanford University who was completing a doctorate in neuroscience at UCLA while writing this, his first book. He tells us it grew out of "a long essay... produced in those first weeks of collective grief and stupefaction" immediately after 11 September 2001. His argument is that the threat of terror facing the world is the direct result of religion or, more specifically, faith itself. If we are to defeat terror and survive as a species we must find a way to bring about "the end of faith", for faith itself "is surely the devil's masterpiece".
Harris is at pains to make clear that by 'faith' he does not mean merely vicious fundamentalisms. He divides 'people of faith' into extremists and moderates. The danger from extremists is obvious enough but the moderates, Harris's prime target, are "the bearers of a terrible dogma: they imagine that the path to peace will be paved once each of us has learned to respect the unjustified beliefs of others". He aims to show that "the very ideal of religious tolerance... is one of the principal forces driving us towards the abyss", because a liberal and moderate tolerance unwittingly inhibits the reasoned critique of intolerable irrationalism.
Unhappily, the argument rides on the back of some startling oversimplifications, exaggerations and elisions. For example: "A glance at history... reveals that ideas which divide one group of human beings from another, only to unite them in slaughter, generally have their roots in religion." In support, he cites the conflicts in Palestine, the Balkans, Northern Ireland, Kashmir, Sudan and so on. That religion as a badge of tribalism is frequently a major complicating factor in such conflicts is obvious, but it is by no means selfevident that religion is invariably the root cause. Republicans and Loyalists in Northern Ireland have not been killing each other over transubstantiation or the priesthood of all believers. Control of land and resources, racial animosities, cultural rivalries and secular ideologies, as well as religious differences, give us our potent mix of reasons for bloodletting.
And even if we did concede that Harris has produced a plausible list of conflicts more or less rooted in religion, what about the world wars of the 20th century? Did British and German empirebuilders slaughter millions in the 191418 war for religion? Was the conflict between liberal democracy and Nazism a religious war? Did Stalin kill tens of millions of his own people for religious reasons? Yes, says Harris (as indeed he must to support his thesis): communism, and presumably fascism, was "little more than a political religion[...], cultic and irrational". But this is to concede that it is irrational dogma in general rather than religious faith in particular which creates the killing fields, and that undoes his argument.
Harris's conviction that religious faith itself is the root of all evil, and that in a world of suicide bombers and WMDs we can no longer tolerate its existence, leads him to a dark but logical conclusion: we must bring faith to an end. How? is the question that is crucial and not really answered. "Some propositions", he proposes,"are so dangerous that it may even be ethical to kill people for believing them[...] There is, in fact, no talking to some people. If they cannot be captured, and they often cannot, otherwise tolerant people may be justified in killing them in selfdefence. This is what the United States attempted in Afghanistan, and it is what we and other western powers are bound to attempt, at an even greater cost to ourselves and to innocents abroad."
So Sam Harris the faithless and George Bush the faithful, equally stupefied by 9/11, arrive at much the same conclusion: there is an enemy out to get us. It can't be argued with, so it must be eradicated at whatever "cost to ourselves and to innocents abroad".
Is this, then, a worthless book? Far from it. It is engagingly written and its arguments challenge even where they shock or fail to persuade. Woven into the main theme are stimulating reflections on consciousness and 'spirituality' a term he uses frequently. He undermines his war on unreasoning faith with the admission that "we cannot live by reason alone", and he looks to psychology and neuroscience to demonstrate that "we need not be unreasonable to suffuse our lives with love, compassion, ecstasy, and awe; nor must we renounce all forms of spirituality or mysticism to be on good terms with reason". Such sections seem to come from another book, perhaps reflecting Harris's current interest in neuroscience. They sit strangely with the deadly rationalism which would exterminate what he insists on calling 'faith'.
For this is the problem with The End of Faith: we all have faith of one sort or another. In a world which seems incapable of shaking off belief in real gods and devils, it takes a lot of faith to be a humanist. And, paradoxically, to believe it is actually possible to bring about "an end of faith", whether by killing the faithful or by bombarding them with moderation, surely requires even more faith than that required to move mountains. Faith "on good terms with reason" seems a more moderate goal, and Harris's next book, when he has got over his "collective grief and stupefaction" at what Allah's holy warriors did to the twin towers, should be worth waiting for.
The End of Faith is available from Amazon (UK) | <urn:uuid:fddbcae3-f5da-4ddb-9ec3-855c09061f16> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://newhumanist.org.uk/855/faith-kills | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720475.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00355-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961133 | 1,137 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Flood misunderstanding, miscommunication, extremes and recordsJul 7, 2022
Last Monday, a couple spoke to an ABC television reporter on the back steps of their home on the edge of Wollongong’s Lake Illawarra. They were confident that the flood they could see in front of them would not rise beyond the level it had reached. After all, they’d been living there for 19 years and no flood in that time had exceeded that level.
This reasoning is common and deeply flawed. It indicates how people are hard-wired to rely on their own experience and how little they understand, trust or rely on forecasts from authorities. It also shows how poorly people comprehend extremes in nature and how far beyond recently-experienced events nature can go in terms of severity. This goes for bush fires, floods, storms, tropical cyclones, storm surges, droughts, earthquakes, plagues and all the other perils of nature.
Not as infrequently as might be imagined, records in nature are not just beaten, they are beaten by large margins. A resident of Nyngan in 1990, having lived there for the hundred years of Nyngan’s existence to that time, could have been excused for thinking he’d seen all that floods could throw at the town. But the flood of that year peaked a metre higher than any flood previously experienced at Nyngan – and that in an area seemingly completely flat as far as the eye can see in almost all directions. The flood of 1990 brought four and a half times the amount of water through and past Nyngan than had been recorded in any previous flood there.
Or take Lismore at the end of February this year. The two highest floods of living memory, which struck in 1954 and 1974, had peaked at 12.1 and 12.2 metres respectively. This year’s event peaked at 14.37 metres – or more than two metres higher than the two biggest floods previously seen there. The record, established over the 150 years of Lismore’s history as a town, was smashed not by a little but by a lot.
In appreciating nature, we must think of the long term. This is not the period of one’s tenure in a location, or even the period of one’s life. We must think centuries, not decades, let alone years. And we must recognise how often, given the short period over which our records have been kept, records are broken. Indeed in 2007, a drought year in most of Australia, flood height or rainfall intensity records were set at some location or locations in every state. Sometimes, the new records beat the old ones by considerable margins.
Sooner or later, people in any location will see an extreme event: you only have to live long enough. But equally, you may not live long enough to see anything truly extreme. The other way of putting that is to say that some generations never see a genuinely extreme event whereas other generations might be unlucky enough to see one – or indeed more than one.
Take Maitland, on the floodplain of the Hunter River. Maitland was first settled by Europeans in 1818. In 1952, the highest flood recorded since that year struck – and it was eclipsed by a much larger one within three years. The 1955 flood peaked almost a metre higher than the flood of 1952 and was vastly more damaging.
The residents of Kempsey in 1949 saw the highest flood ever known there – and then the following year they saw a flood nearly as large. Thus the two biggest Macleay River floods of Kempsey’s history occurred within ten months of each other.
Grafton, on the Clarence River, tells an opposing story but one which also carries a cautionary message. Grafton has had many floods in its 180 years, but its biggest six have all been within half a metre of each other in terms of peak heights. When the authorities fifty years ago were contemplating constructing levees and calculating how high they should be built, they ‘deemed’ the then-record flood of 1890 as the ‘one-in-100-years’ event and the standard to which the levees should be constructed. That flood peaked at 7.9 metres on the local gauge, and the levees were built to that height plus 0.3 metres ‘freeboard’ to counter any inaccuracy in the estimate of the 100-years flood.
Unlike Maitland, Nyngan and Lismore, Grafton has not yet had an ‘outlier’ flood, a flood far bigger than any other seen there. It follows that Grafton’s biggest floods have all been of a magnitude that occurs quite frequently – perhaps of the order on average of only 20 years. The ‘on average’ is vitally important here: nature is not regular in these things. Grafton, in all likelihood, has not had a flood of genuinely extreme proportions.
This is shown by the fact that the ‘one-in-100-years’ event at Grafton is now thought likely to reach something like 8.35 metres. Today’s levees, designed to keep out what was originally considered to be a relatively rare event, might actually be expected to be overtopped quite frequently. Indeed Grafton has had four ‘close shaves’ in floods since the year 2000. The 7.9 metre flood, once thought to approximate the 100-year event, might in fact be more like the 20-year one.
The ‘one-in-100-years’ designation is dangerously flawed, though, and ideally the term should be discarded. It misleads people into thinking that having seen a flood of a size deemed to be a ‘one-in-100-years’ event they will not have to face another flood of similar proportions in their lifetimes. But it is not true that such a flood will not occur for another 100 years. A flood of that size or larger should more properly be regarded as having a 1% chance of occurring or being exceeded, each and every year, at any designated location (such as Maitland, Nyngan or Grafton).
The best way to refer to it is as a 1% AEP (Annual Exceedence Probability) event: this is the arithmetic reciprocal of the so-called 100-year event. In actuality, a flood of this size or larger could occur on a number of occasions in a 100-year period or not at all for several centuries. In these matters (unlike the seasons or the diurnal cycle of day and night), nature does not like regularity.
The so-called ’20-year flood’, accordingly, has a 5% chance of occurring or being exceeded at a location in any year. Again, this is a statement of average. It does not follow that three floods designated as (say) 5% AEP events occurring at a place in quick succession (as Windsor has experienced since early 2021) invalidates the measure or the expression. Such variability is quite normal: Windsor had not experienced a flood as big as any of these three since 1990. The concept of ‘average’ is central here and there is variability, not regularity, around it. Windsor has just had a short (16 month) period of flood richness after a long period (30 years) of flood poverty.
Don Bradman averaged, in round terms, 100 runs per dismissal in Test cricket. He did not score a neat 100 in each innings. In fact he made several ‘ducks’ and many scores between 0 and his best of 334. He had sequences of low scores as well as periods in which he made several big scores in a row.
There are policy implications in all this. School classes in maths could teach probabilities using examples from occurrences of events in nature. Likewise courses in geography or science could deal with the matter.
And the emergency services should take the moment when a bad flood has just occurred as a ‘teachable moment’ to get the point across and educate the wider population: such a time is likely to be one during which the media will be attentive (and looking for new angles of coverage) and audiences will be listening and receptive.
The expression ’100-year flood’ has caused untold problems because it is so badly misunderstood in the community. And that is not its only deficiency: it is the basis in Australia for the designation of the minimum floor levels for new dwellings in flood liable locations. This too is a matter where it causes problems.
But that is something for another piece in Pearls and Irritations. | <urn:uuid:309cd2bc-a212-4827-a9c4-4327bf94b75f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://johnmenadue.com/flood-misunderstanding-miscommunication-extremes-and-records/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.977578 | 1,803 | 2.1875 | 2 |
A Mozilla engineer says development of a touch-centric version of Firefox for Windows 8 has begun in earnest and also highlighted a few interesting details about Web browsing in Windows 8.
A proof of concept version of Firefox for Windows 8 is scheduled to be up and running before the summer, and a beta version is scheduled to be ready during the second half of 2012, according to Mozilla's Firefox roadmap.
To be clear, Mozilla doesn't have anything close to a working browser for users to try out yet. Right now, Firefox on Windows 8 is just a basic application that can launch, but doesn't have any actual Web browsing capabilities, according to a blog post by Brian Bondy, a Firefox platform engineer.
Metro-style Enabled Desktop Browsers
Once it's ready, Firefox on Windows 8 will belong to a new class of apps called Metro-style enabled desktop browsers. Basically, this means that you only have to install Firefox once and it will be available as both a desktop and touch-friendly Metro-style app. Bondy believes this will allow Mozilla to offer a powerful Metro version of Firefox that is equal to the "classic Desktop browser."
There is, however, a catch to using Metro-style browsers on Windows 8. You can only use the browser set as your system default for the Metro interface, according to a Microsoft whitepaper (DOCX). Let's say you have Internet Explorer 10 set as your default browser in Windows 8. You can, as always, launch any browser you want using the classic desktop interface in Windows. If you wanted you could even run IE10 and Firefox simultaneously in the Windows 8 desktop. On the Metro side, however, you could only use IE10 to access the web since that is set as your default browser.
You can change your system default to Firefox by either changing your settings through the Control Panel or agreeing to set Firefox as your default when you install the app. But doing that appears to mean IE10 would then be unavailable to you while in Metro. That could change by the time Windows 8 launches, but currently you're only able to use one browser at a time in the Metro interface. Of course, that doesn't really matter too much right now, since IE10 is the only Metro browser available to Windows 8 Consumer Preview users.
It's not clear if Firefox for Windows 8 will be available in the Windows Store (Microsoft's retail front for Metro-style apps), but Bondy said you would still be able to download Firefox for Windows 8 from Mozilla's Website.
Another question is whether Firefox in Metro will be able to support plugins such as Flash. Responding to a reader question, Bondy said he wasn't sure if Firefox would be able to support Adobe's Web video browser plugin. Microsoft in September announced the Metro-style version of IE10 would be "plugin free" and as HTML5-compatible as possible. It's not clear if Microsoft's decision would affect how competing browser operate in Windows 8's Metro interface.
Bondy also wasn't sure whether Firefox for Windows 8 would support ARM-based tablets.
These are still early days for Firefox on Windows 8 so many questions will likely be answered in the coming months, especially once Mozilla has working versions of its browser ready for public testing. In the meantime, Firefox fans looking to switch to Windows 8 can rest assured their favorite browser will be available in the upcoming version of Microsoft's OS.
This story, "Mozilla begins Windows 8 Firefox development" was originally published by PCWorld. | <urn:uuid:345617bc-e371-4127-b97e-17a73d61d0fb> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.itworld.com/article/2730516/business/mozilla-begins-windows-8-firefox-development.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718957.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00436-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.936802 | 714 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Columbus has 711,470 residents. It is located in Delaware county.
The average in-state tuition for full time undergraduate students in childhood education schools in Columbus during the 2009 - 2010 school year was $14,397.00. The average tuition was $15,293.00 for non-residents studying in Ohio.
The cost, on average, for books and supplies needed for childhood education schools in Columbus is $1,173.00. The average cost for room and board for students living on campus at childhood education schools in Columbus was $7,919.00. The average cost for students living at home was $4,914.00 for the 2009 - 2010 school year. There are two childhood education colleges in Columbus for students to choose from. 49 students were reported to have graduated from childhood education programs in Columbus in the 2008 - 2009 school year.
|Profession||Average Salary||Number Employed in City|
|Education Administrators, Preschool and Child Care Center/Program||$41,820.00||360|
|Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education||$21,920.00||3,720|
|Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education||$55,960.00||6,980|
|Special Education Teachers, Preschool, Kindergarten, and Elementary School||$49,550.00||1,350| | <urn:uuid:8c7aa392-8606-4a98-bb20-27d7d47fd33b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.unixl.com/dir/childhood-education/ohio/columbus/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00443-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958693 | 289 | 1.890625 | 2 |
The fire broke out on Sunday, prompting emergency services to evacuate 50 villagers from their homes overnight, and has spread over 1,100 hectares (2,700 acres), the regional government said on Monday.
Fanned by wind, it reached the edge of the Teide National Park – a mountainous beauty spot centring on the Teide volcano, Spain's highest peak and a Unesco world heritage site.
Coaches and cars were moved from the grounds of the park as a precaution.
It was not immediately clear whether the fire threatened to spread into the natural park.
The regional government of the Canary Islands, the Atlantic archipelago of which Tenerife is part, said 70 firefighters and seven helicopters were busy battling the blaze.
Spain is at higher risk of forest fires than ever this summer after suffering its driest winter in 70 years. One fire in eastern Spain this month ravaged 50,000 hectares. | <urn:uuid:571a35c7-40c7-46fc-9092-3e59796dfc57> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/spain/9403394/Forest-fire-rages-near-Tenerife-tourist-park.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00285-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964877 | 186 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Here we talk with a secular community member of Baylor University.
Scott Douglas Jacobsen: Looking at the landscape of the secular university life at Baylor University, what is the secular/religious status of Baylor University – its foundation and founding culture as a university, and its development over time into the present?
Secular Community Member at Baylor University: I must admit that I am ill-equipped to speak about the religious development of student life at Baylor, as I am from a different part of the state and have no relatives who have attended the university. I have, however, spoken with a long-standing professor (who is himself a Baylor alum) about student life during the late 1960s and early 1970s. From what I could gather, the university was much more religiously and culturally conservative during that time, particularly in the treatment of women: female students were required to wear long skirts or dresses (even for physical education classes, and in the Texas heat), a strict curfew was enforced for women living on campus, and the role of women as homemakers was emphasized. My professor recalled how men’s dorms were cleaned by maid services, whereas the women were expected to keep their own living quarters spotless – and experienced consequences for failing to do so. I vaguely recall him mentioning that the expected conduct for unmarried women was different than for married women, but I cannot remember if he went into specifics.
While the nightmarishly oppressive student life my professor detailed has since faded into comparative liberalism and equality, traces of those harshly conservative times still linger. For instance, the university code of conduct prohibits sexual intercourse between two unmarried people for both students and staff (although there did appear to be an unofficial exemption for football players prone to sexual violence), and included “homosexual acts” as misconduct until 2015. Additionally, there is a cultural pressure among the female students of Baylor to marry young. A negative but popular stereotype of female students is that most are “seeking an MRS degree” – additionally, the desires of many young women manifested in the “ring by spring” culture often leads to extra stress and turmoil. I will never forget speaking with my Catholic RA my freshman year as she vented to me about the stresses of finding a responsible man in college; while her studies and schoolwork were important to her, it didn’t appear to weigh as heavily on her as watching her crush sleep around and fretting over whether God would present her with a soulmate soon. Later that year, some of the RAs held a slumber party-like get-together in the basement where they discussed marriage, the importance of finding a godly man, how to keep your eyes open for your soulmate, and the importance of not giving up.
It occurred to me then that something was not right with this picture. College is supposed to be a journey of discovery and character-building, where you learn to grapple with the responsibilities of adulthood and begin truly coming into your own. However, for an entire population of women on campus, self-betterment seems to involve the addition of a man.
Baylor may be more inclusive and tolerant than it once was, but the remnants of old religious conventions are far from gone, and it affects most facets of student life for those groups not traditionally favored by religion – from every Title IX poster reminding women of the double standard for chastity from which the only escape is a lack of consent, to the continued rejection of the campus LGBT club (but casual approval from Student Activities for a poster from an alt-right group attempting – and failing – to insult the pride flag with the communist hammer and sickle), to the religious mantra engraved into the side of the campus science building (“By Him all things are made”), which claims the rights to entire fields of research – regardless of the faiths or lack thereof of those who breathe life into their disciplines – for a deity which has nothing at all to do with science.
As far as the university-endorsed stances are concerned, the college adopts a liberal, academic interpretation of the Bible – including a non-literal interpretation of Genesis, history-oriented explanations of Old Testament Law, and a facts-based approach toward the resurrection. The university does not endorse creationism nor intelligent design. However, many students and professors are either creationists or supporters of intelligent design, and they are left to their own as long as they do not claim to speak on behalf of the university. This leads to a bizarre dynamic wherein many students graduate from Baylor with a science degree and still reject common descent.
Jacobsen: Who are the major groups and figures of controversy over time regarding secular matters on the campuses?
Secular Community Member at Baylor University: While Baylor is a conservative Baptist university, students from all walks of life are in attendance. There are few conflicts between secular and religious matters, as the population of secular students is small and willing to play by the university’s rules. We knew what we were getting into when we came here, and, simply put, we do not want to be expelled. While Baylor can improve by allowing the voices of secular students to be heard (it’s difficult to have a place welcoming of open discourse regarding faith if we’re not allowed to discuss the lack of it), there are no battles between secular and Christian causes. However, Baylor does face a constant, albeit much different problem: fundamentalism.
Two men from Baylor’s engineering department stand out in particular to me: Walter L Bradley (now retired) and Robert J Marks II, who are both prominent figures in the intelligent design community. Because Baylor’s official stance is in support of the theory of evolution and common descent (in concordance with the university biology department), the administration is extremely careful about ensuring that they cannot be misconstrued as holding a contrary position. Their rigidity is necessary; Baylor is a research-oriented university and proud of it. I’ve noticed that some of their motivation seems to be in a “Baptists/Christians can do science, too” spirit, as most of the religious classmates I’ve experienced in STEM take their faith and identity rather seriously, and have expressed feeling uncomfortable or occasionally offended when working with secular students outside of Baylor (it is common procedure for students in STEM to visit other universities for summer internships, research experiences for undergraduates (REU), travel to conferences, etc.). Other religious students insist that they are discovering the beauty of how God works, etc. Whatever the motivation, I wholeheartedly support the university’s devotion to excelling in scientific research (with America lagging behind in STEM graduates, we need everyone we can get!). As a part of this devotion, the university understands the damage an endorsement of creationism or intelligent design will cause. The biology and medical programs in particular are Baylor’s bread and butter, so endorsing pseudoscience would destroy the university’s credibility and livelihood.
I encountered the perfect physical manifestation of Baylor’s Christian mission and faith-positive environment mixing with its scientific literacy during my honors college freshman camp. We were all piled into Bennett Auditorium, listening as a key figure within the English department encouraged us on our journeys in spiritual growth. She asked that we produce examples of “distractions from God” we may encounter during our college experience. The first student to answer responded with a quick, confident proclamation of, “Evolution!”
I watched as the professor faltered. She clearly did not want to correct the student and risk a negative reaction, but she could not endorse the position, either. After thinking on her feet, she then gently responded, “Scientism and materialism are problems, yes…” before continuing on to the next person.
I believe that, in that moment, that woman had become Baylor University incarnate.
In that same gentle spirit, the university required that Marks alter the website he created to promote intelligent design using Baylor’s servers as a host, and which insinuated university endorsement. They also revoked grant money after discovering that Marks was using it to fund his work with Discovery Institute fellow William A. Dembski, which appeared to support intelligent design. Many would consider a misuse of funds and jeopardizing the university’s academic standing a serious offense, but Baylor only politely removed themselves from the equation by ceasing financial support and asking that Marks insert a disclaimer on his website.
In response, Dr. Marks was interviewed in the propaganda film “Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed” and was touted as an example of how academic freedom is under attack. He now runs the campus apologetics club, Oso Logos (which some SSA members attend regularly for the sake of debate and communication) and is a bit of a celebrity to both clubs, albeit with opposite connotations.
Walter Bradley, though now retired, was a colleague of Marks who co-authored “The Mystery of Life’s Origin: Reassessing Current Theories.” Bradley had his work cited and was interviewed by Lee Strobel in “The Case for Faith.” In the interview, he is presented as an “origin of life expert,” though, to my knowledge, Bradley only formally studied engineering and does not have a strong background in biochemistry. Like Marks, Bradley taught in the engineering department. He was such a strong advocate for the Discovery Institute that they named a center after him.
However, these men are not Baylor’s closest brush with endorsing intelligent design. That would be William A. Dembski, a fellow at the Discovery Institute, who, in 1999, managed to become paid staff at Baylor thanks to his friendship with Robert B. Sloan, then-president of the university. Sloan hired him without departmental consultation, and without the knowledge of the vast majority of Baylor’s staff. Dembski founded the Polanyi Center, which was intended for research in intelligent design. When the website for the center went live, controversy immediately followed. Baylor staff protested the center’s existence, and boycotted Dembski’s efforts to establish credibility. Baylor’s faculty senate voted 27-2 to dissolve the center. President Sloan refused until an outside committee suggested repurposing the center and integrating it into the already-existing Institute for Faith and Learning, whereupon he conceded. Dembski remained on-staff until 2005.
Baylor university strikes a delicate balance between being just secular enough to cultivate a respectable research environment and just pious enough to encourage Christian faith. When key players such as those mentioned above attempt to disrupt that balance by pulling the university into fundamentalism, the staff are forced to restore the balance without appearing to contradict their Christian message.
It is actually quite impressive.
Jacobsen: If we take into account the culture surrounding Baylor University, what is it?
Secular Community Member at Baylor University: The culture within the university and the culture around the university are two very different subjects.
Baylor is a large, research-oriented private school with an acceptance rate of roughly 39%. The tuition alone is nearly $43,000 a year. The student population is primarily white, and the school is known for its law and medical programs. In contrast, Waco high school has a total minority enrollment of 90%, with 71% of the students being economically disadvantaged. Test scores are far below average. The school is underfunded, uncared for, and eclipsed by the shadow of Waco’s pride and joy, Baylor University. The university is physically located in a slum just outside of Bellmead, which has one of the highest crime rates in America.
Baylor is a fantastic university for those who can afford it, or for those who are lucky enough to have credit worthy family members who can co-sign a loan, or for those who go to a school which prepares them enough to do well on standardized testing and earn a scholarship. More often than not, those in closest physical proximity to the university are those least able to attend. To the university’s credit, they are encouraging of locals to apply, and they have great volunteer groups and missionary groups who assist Waco schools and the greater Waco area. However, the imbalance persists.
Largely, the culture within Baylor is centered around student activity groups, Christianity, mission groups, classes, and marriage, whereas the culture around the university seems to be based on scraping enough together to get by.
Aside from the poverty issue, Waco is best known for David Koresh and Chip and Joanna Gaines. Our town also features a museum where you may pay to look at corporate advertisements.
Jacobsen: What have been some noteworthy and controversial public statements, events, and groups in Baylor University and its surrounding community?
Secular Community Member at Baylor University: Baylor recently had a nationally-headlining rape scandal with its football program. The highest figure was 52 rapes by 31 players between 2011 and 2014, but I am not sure those numbers were ever confirmed. Baylor has apparently made steps to improve. But many students cannot help but question their safety — for instance, 3 rapes were reported at South Russell hall (an on-campus dorm) a semester ago, and neither students nor parents of hall residents were notified. Instead, everyone learned about it through the student newspaper.
While Baylor has denied a charter to the campus LGBT club, it has granted recently a charter to a chapter of the Young Americans for Freedom, who have already started mischief by insulting the LGBT community with asinine fliers which equate minority sexualities with communism, and by inviting Matt Walsh to slander the LGBT community on campus.
Jacobsen: What have been some notable successes for the secular movements and communities on the Baylor University campus and in the surrounding area? How can secular communities and individuals build on them?
Secular Community Member at Baylor University: Simply put, there are not really any secular communities in the Waco area. The nearest groups are in Austin and Dallas, which are both 100 miles away. As far as I know, we’re it. Because of this, our group is open to (and has attracted) non-students who are looking for a sense of community, or to become more involved in secular activism. As for our successes, we have managed to attract curious religious students, and have had fruitful conversations with many students who disagree with us. The best way to build on our community is to humanize atheism with kindness and compassion in order to undo the stigma and stereotypes religion so often saddles us with.
Jacobsen: How should young people become more deeply involved in the secular movements around the United States on the campuses? What are some cautionary notes for them?
Secular Community Member at Baylor University: If you are a student looking to get involved with secular activism on campus, joining your campus chapter of the Secular Student Alliance (or an atheist/agnostic/nontheistic group) is a fantastic first step. Coming from the president of a chapter with less than 10 members, believe me when I say that you can still do fantastic things with a small group! Find nonreligious charities or organizations to volunteer with in your community to give positive, productive atheistic representation. Though the negative stereotypes hanging over us were not created by our own actions and shouldn’t exist to begin with, they won’t go away until we actively reach out and break them. If you live in an area with atheist groups outside of campus, I would highly suggest joining at least one additional group as well; you’ll likely be met with a mixture of people from all walks of life, many of whom may be helpful in your journey as a secular activist.
If your campus does not have a nonreligious club, consider establishing your own chapter of the Secular Student Alliance — even if your university is religious. Starting a chapter is easy (just go to their website!), and you can be operating your own underground nonreligious club with the backing, resources, and support of a national organization within a few weeks. Speaking from experience, our campus organizers have been fantastic at helping us navigate the waters of recruitment and establishing a presence despite not being university chartered, and residing on a campus where our identity carries a heavy stigma. Even if you’re in a situation where you have to meet off campus and be secretive (our chapter has been there and done that), doing so is better than holding in your thoughts, emotions, and desires, and hoping that things will eventually get better. Establishing a chapter will, at the very least, give you a sense of community as you meet others in your same situation, and provide you with the peace of mind knowing that you put forth effort to make your environment a better place.
Utilize caution when publicly identifying with your group. Only post names or pictures of members with the permission of everyone involved. This is especially important if some members in your group are not out to family as nonreligious, or if you’re on a religious campus, where your standing with professors and friends is influenced by the tacit assumption that you are also religious. Do not do anything that would jeopardize your education.
Jacobsen: What can build bridges between secular and religious groups?
Secular Community Member at Baylor University: Reach out to religious groups on campus. Attend one of their meetings, introduce yourselves to their officers and members, and facilitate polite, casual conversation. If they ask questions about your lack of faith, try to answer in a way which is relatable and inspires critical thinking. Generally, we have found that asking questions is more effective than asserting things — the difference between “do you believe faith is an effective way to find truth” and “faith is not rational” may, to us, obviously state the same message. But to someone with whom you are ideologically at odds, they are more open to your ideas if you allow them to walk through the logical process themselves. I would highly suggest practicing before attempting to hold a conversation with a theist, as they may grow confrontational and the discussion has the potential to become high stakes — you are, after all, representing atheists, whom this group likely already has a bad image of. They may be more inclined to reinforce that preconception, so you might have to be careful. The mobile app Atheos is an excellent resource for helping you learn what conversations are worth engaging in, how to keep the discourse from escalating, and how to present your ideas in the most effective manner. Additionally, inquire about your conversation partner’s life and take an interest in them as a person. It goes a long way to humanize atheism, and you just might make a good friend along the way.
Jacobsen: Thank you for the opportunity and your time, and take care of yourself.
Scott Douglas Jacobsen is the Founder of In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal and In-Sight Publishing. He authored/co-authored some e-books, free or low-cost. If you want to contact Scott: email@example.com.
Do not forget to look into our associates: Godless Mom, Nice Mangoes, Sandwalk, Brainstorm Podcast, Left at the Valley, Life, the Universe & Everything Else, The Reality Check, Bad Science Watch, British Columbia Humanist Association, Dying With Dignity Canada, Canadian Secular Alliance, and Centre for Inquiry Canada.
Other Resources: Recovering From Religion. | <urn:uuid:8fcad7c7-67ec-49a9-b360-a53b6ff3bc5b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.canadianatheist.com/2019/08/baylor-jacobsen/?replytocom=43200 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.968445 | 4,013 | 1.984375 | 2 |
The stricture! My vet-friend G. keeps scolding me about letting Lucky run free in purely natural environments. When I tell her that Lucky is a sniffer and pointer and doesn't care about hunting and killing game (he does run after game, with little persistence, however, for the fun of the sprint and devoid of any concept of predation), she comes up with all sorts of horror scenarios of Lucky potentially belying my conviction - including the shocking notion that game may have to undergo stress of the type they have evolved to cope with (i.e. hiding from or running away from a seeming or real predator). Today, Lucky and I chanced on a dead deer. Predictably, Lucky wasn't interested.
At any rate, being owned by someone is a good way to have a protecting lobby. In America, Buffaloes became nearly exterminated, cattle thrived.The former had no owners, the latter did. Most birds, unlike cats, aren't owned by anyone, so they are, as we say in German, literally "vogelfrei" (bird-free), free as birds, meaning: outlawed, not protected by the law.
My dear vet-friend, who is running a practice for small animals, is devoting a large percentage of her working time to the opposite of what she considers herself to be doing: she nurtures a vicious mass killer, our sweet predacious pet, the cat.
The house cat -- that cute, furry feline beloved the world over -- is also one of the world's most destructive predators, killing for kicks and hunting rare species into extinction. Cats thrive because people protect them -- but should they?
The full article.
In the interest of full disclosure: I'm a dog-type; I like cats only if I have to, under social pressure. Instinctively and only as an observer (for I do not ever attack cats or treat them badly), I'm rather sympathetic to the reactions usually shown by dogs to cats. Though, of course, I'm careful to avoid conflictual encounters between dogs and cats. It might hurt the dog. | <urn:uuid:411734c2-9409-4c55-9ae6-ee74b50a5e8a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://redstateeclectic.typepad.com/redstate_commentary/2013/02/who-is-going-to-kill-that-cat.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00244-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961466 | 435 | 1.5625 | 2 |
International Relations, 2nd Edition
April 2012, Polity
In this second edition, Stephanie Lawson retains a broad historical and contextual approach in introducing readers to the central themes and theoretical perspectives while also addressing key concerns in the contemporary period. These include the emergence of states and empires, theories ranging from classical realism and liberalism to postcolonial and ‘green’ theory, twentieth century international history, security and insecurity, global governance and world order, international political economy, globalization and the prospects for a ‘postinternational’ world.
Written in an accessible narrative style, this book will appeal to students at undergraduate level and beyond, including those undertaking postgraduate coursework study in IR with little or no previous academic training in the field.
1 Introducing International Relations
2 States and International Systems in World History
3 Theorizing International Relations
4 International Relations in the Twentieth Century
5 Security and Insecurity in the Contemporary World
6 Global Governance and World Order
7 International Political Economy
8 International Relations in a Globalizing World
9 Conclusion: A Postinternational World?
- A fully revised and updated version of Stephanie Lawson's respected short introduction to International Relations.
- Perfectly pitched as a lively primer for entry-level students and graduates new to the subject
- Offers a masterful overview of the central debates and theoretical perspectives in IR today
- Explores key issues in the contemporary world, including security and insecurity, global governance and world order and the impact of globalization on the state.
Peter Vale, University of Johannesburg
"This is the kind of textbook that promotes intelligent
conversation between student and teacher about the evolution of
International Relations both as a discipline of study and as
practice. With a light touch and admirable clarity of language, it
confidently handles the definitional and conceptual ideas at the
heart of the subject."
Rosemary Foot, St Antony's College, Oxford
"The new edition of Stephanie Lawson's innovative international
relations text builds on the strengths of the first edition - its
historical contextualization of contemporary global politics, an
emphasis on normative elements, and an openness to various
theoretical approaches - and adds comprehensive chapters on IR
theory and on international political economy."
John Ravenhill, Australian National University | <urn:uuid:0458e1c0-9ec5-437e-903e-9026ef8e02af> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0745650945.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00575-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.838178 | 469 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Hans Lenz was born on January 24, 1602 within the small village of Schnait, (Weinstadt) Germany to Johannes Lenz and Margarethe Vetterle.
Schait was a small village alongside the Rems River, nestled between hillside vineyards with a central church constructed about 1570, and perhaps 40 homes. This drawing from 1685 in Andreas Kieser’s forest register ebook exhibits Schnait, with the Protestant church as its coronary heart.
Whereas Schnait appears peaceable and idyllic, loads transpired within the years between 1602 and 1685.
In truth, Hans was fortunate to have been born in any respect. In 1595, the plague swept via the area. Had both of his mother and father perished, Hans would by no means have existed.
Plague and warfare had been a continuing risk, to not point out dysentery and varied diseases that swept half the kids away from their mother and father, and that’s in good instances.
Hans was the firstborn youngster of his mother and father, arriving the yr after their marriage. He in all probability had a number of siblings, however we don’t know who they had been.
We all know little about Schnait within the years between 1602 and 1618, however it’s probably that Hans was confirmed within the church when he was 12 or 13 years previous, in about 1614 or 1615.
The minister who confirmed Hans was in all probability his future father-in-law.
In 1618, the 30 Years’ War started, which was each dynastic and spiritual, and would devastate Germany over the following three a long time.
This area, marked with a pink star on the 30 Years’ Conflict Depopulation map above, noticed huge declines in inhabitants. All places on this a part of Germany noticed inhabitants reductions better than 66%. Some villages had been completely burned and deserted, their residents murdered.
It’s troublesome to seek advice from anybody who lived in Germany throughout this time as lucky, however comparatively, Hans Lenz was.
Hans Lenz was a baker.
Schnait was not burned to the bottom through the conflict, so it’s attainable that the “previous bake home,” proven under, is the unique baker’s house.
The baker was solely situated only a few steps from the church at Haldenstrasse 7. Maybe individuals stopped and picked up baked items on their approach to and from church.
A village solely wanted one baker, and a baker’s oven would have been very specialised and costly to assemble. This was almost certainly the place Hans both lived or apprenticed.
Usually, sons apprenticed with their father and stepped into their professions as adults. After all, given the encircling vineyards, everybody was concerned within the wine tradition.
What goes higher with wine than bread!
In the present day, vineyards growing specialty grapes nonetheless encompass Schnait which stays a small village. This satellite tv for pc picture solely exhibits a complete of about 2-3 miles throughout. The traditional vineyards observe the contours of the hillsides.
As an grownup, Hans Lenz relocated to Beutelsbach, only a mile or so to the north. Maybe they wanted a baker. These two villages had been very intently related.
Previous to 1570, Schnait was too small to have its personal church so all the Schnait residents attended church in neighboring Beutelsbach, only a brief stroll up the highway.
Historian Martin Goll lives in Beutelsbach and in addition descends from the Lenz household. His main language is German, and his correspondence is translated into English. I’m extraordinarily grateful for his in-depth analysis on these households and the historical past of each villages.
Martin tells us that Hans Lenz “was one of many wealthy individuals on this time. He married the daughter of the reverend. Normally, a Reverend belonged to the higher class. It was not possible to marry in[to] such a household, in case you have not been a member of an higher class household. So, Hans Lenz will need to have [had] mother and father which had been coming from the higher class.”
However all was not peaceable within the Rems Valley.
In 1626, when Hans was 24, one other epidemic broke out earlier than the Battle of Nordlingen, pictured above, which occurred about 55 miles away on September 6th and was catastrophic for the Protestants.
After the battle, Beutelsbach turned a military camp for the fortified city of Schorndorf.
By the point Hans married, in 1627, everybody was in all probability sick and uninterested in warfare.
In 1627, Hans was 25 years previous and married Agnes Eyb, the daughter of the native reverend in Schnait. They had been in all probability married by her father, or her brother who turned the pastor after their father died.
Their solely surviving youngster, George Lenz (1627-1663), was born later that yr.
Sooner or later, the younger couple moved up the highway to Beutelsbach, maybe shortly after their marriage.
Maybe the bakery protected the household, not less than to some extent, for a short time.
Troopers routinely raided farms and homesteads, however they may not have been so keen to burn the bakery. Everybody must eat.
Nevertheless, their success didn’t final.
In 1634, Beutelsbach was plundered and set on hearth. Anybody who resisted was killed.
Martin tells us that “Agnes Eyb died through the 30 Years’ Conflict. She left Beutelsbach earlier than she died and went to Schnait, the place her brother was the reverend right now. She died in Schnait three days after she arrived, as a result of she was injured when the home in Beutelsbach was burned.”
On the time Agnes died, her brother, Mathias Jacob Eyb was the pastor in Schnait and writes of his sister’s loss of life within the E-book of the Useless, “Younger Hans Lenz’s spouse, Agnes, died, who had been my pricey sister, on December 9, 1634 after which was buried on the tenth.”
Conflict is Hell.
Hans and Agnes had moved to Beutelsbach – and their house burned when the troopers torched the city. Individuals may in all probability see Beutelsbach burning for miles in each route. It will function a warning to anybody else who thought-about resisting.
Sadly, we now have nearly no details about their youngsters, with one exception. Martin studies that “The one son of the pastor’s daughter, George Lenz, turns into a surgeon in Beutelsbach, which was nearly an instructional diploma by the requirements of the time.”
Surgeons had been the barbers of the day, plus they “bled” individuals as wanted.
Provided that Hans and Agnes had been married from someday in 1627 till her loss of life on December 9, 1634, it’s probably that they’d both 3 or 4 youngsters. I can’t assist however marvel if these youngsters died when the city burned too, or had they already perished? Was Agnes pregnant or did she have a babe in arms when her house was set aflame? Was it burned at night time when individuals had been sleeping? Did she make the “mistake” of resisting, or was she merely within the unsuitable place on the unsuitable time?
How did Hans survive? Possibly he was gone, or combating. Or did they, together with different residents, search shelter contained in the church partitions?
Who took Agnes to her brother’s in Schnait?
Almost everybody in Schnait and Beutelsbach was associated, in all probability many instances over. They might have watched Beutelsbach burn in horror, questioning if the troopers would burn Schnait subsequent.
A peasant begs for mercy in entrance of his burning farm; by the 1630s, being caught within the open by troopers from both aspect was tantamount to a loss of life sentence.
After Beutelsbach was plundered and burned, the following problem was famine and plague, which unfold simply as a result of individuals had been hungry and ate something, right down to and together with sawdust and acorns, which proved deadly.
I can’t even think about the extent of desperation.
Martin’s analysis signifies that even with the horrors of conflict, Beutelsbach and Schnait fared higher than most. By 1650, the inhabitants of Schnait had solely declined by about one-third, and in neighboring Beutelsbach, by about half.
Let that sink in for a minute. They had been the fortunate ones as a result of “solely one-third” and “solely half” of the residents perished.
By comparability, about one-third survived in neighboring cities, which means two-thirds died. Each Schorndorf and Waiblingen had been burned utterly, excluding a number of homes that in some way escaped, with a most of 20% of the inhabitants surviving.
It was a horrific time.
Martin says that there have been no Beutelsbach church information that survived between 1620 and 1646, having been stolen or destroyed by the troopers.
In 1634, when Agnes died of her burns, Hans Lenz would have been left along with his surviving small youngster, who was 6 or 7 years previous, to boost, and a bakery to rebuild, however principally, he needed to discover a approach to merely survive.
The following yr, in 1635, Hans Lenz married Katharina Lenz, additionally from Schnait. Clearly, the Lenz household has been residing in Schnait for generations, which is why marrying a Lenz feminine was deemed to be acceptable.
We do know Katharina’s father’s title, and the names of Hans’ father and grandfather, so Katharina and Hans would in all probability not have been nearer than the normal Catholic 4th degree of consanguinity, which meant that first cousins may marry. Subsequently, Hans and Katharina may probably have shared Lenz grandparents. After all, in the midst of a conflict, who is aware of. Potential companions had been in all probability scarce. I might wager that Hans’ former brother-in-law married them.
For the primary decade of their marriage, from 1635 to 1645, Hans and Katharina had no youngsters that survived, which could effectively have been associated to the continuing conflict.
Martin tells us that Hans had one other drawback too. His bakery was repeatedly pillaged. It’s unclear whether or not Hans was in a position to provide you with sufficient cash to forestall his bakery from being burned or if that’s what occurred in 1634 when Agnes died. He will need to have passionately hated the troopers.
With a purpose to keep away from the torch, neighborhood property needed to be handed over to troopers, and if that was not sufficient, the native authorities needed to confiscate tangible non-public property.
Based on Martin, “In Beutelsbach, the person in cost was the custodian Johann Jakob Schmierer (1593-1660). He demanded this cash, violently and brutally if vital. Apparently, he was additionally considering of himself and his personal benefit. Due to this, Hans Lenz had bother with troopers within the quarters who claimed that Schmierer had bought them wine however had not delivered the quantity paid to Lenz. This data exhibits that Hans was not solely a baker but additionally ran a wine commerce. The monastery custodian “dominated” the wine within the monastery cellar. He in all probability had Hans Lenz as his “negotiator” and received him into bother by delivering too little, so the troopers definitely had the higher hand.”
Troopers at all times have the higher hand.
The Thirty Years’ Conflict is taken into account to be probably the most harmful conflict in European historical past. Whereas many civilians didn’t perish in direct warfare, they had been by far probably the most frequent victims, with 4.5 to eight million deaths, principally from the results of the conflict. One other supply locations the discount of the inhabitants of the Holy Roman Empire by 7 million individuals, however which will additionally embody those that left. Individuals died from navy motion (3%), hunger (12%), bubonic plague (64%), typhus (4%), and dysentery (5%), plus unrecorded causes of loss of life.
Hans would survive to see the tip of the Thirty Years’ Conflict, in 1648, and stay one other 19 years past.
Hans would have been 46 years previous when the Peace of Westphalia treaties had been signed in Munster after weeks of negotiation.
The distinction in gown between the nobles who had been each the instigators and beneficiaries of the conflict, and the individuals residing within the countryside is telling.
Right here’s the Dutch envoy arriving in Munster for negotiations. Distinction that to the farmer begging for his life and the homes of villagers burning, leaving them with nothing in the event that they survived.
The residents of Schnait and Beutelsbach, together with the remainder of Germany, will need to have rejoiced as quickly because the phrase reached their ears. The horror was lastly over. Hans had lived his whole grownup life both amidst the combating or fearing it. Troopers quartered in his village and enterprise, his house was pillaged a number of instances and burned not less than as soon as, and his spouse perished. Who is aware of what number of relations he misplaced, straight or not directly, along with his first spouse.
Not directly, Hans was in a position to purchase a number of vineyards. Martin speculated that maybe Katharina’s mother and father had been rich and the vineyards escaped destruction through the conflict, stating, “Hans was in a position to rebuild his property which was broken through the 30 Years’ Conflict. When he died, he owned 5 homes and 10 wine yards, way more than the typical.”
Hans’ solely son with Katharina, Hans Lenz (1645-1725), would construct upon that fortune. Along with his father’s homes and vineyards, the son constructed a brand new home and died with greater than 1500 liters of wine within the cellar and a web value of just about 15,000 guilders.
Martin marked Hans’ property on the Beutelsbach map, above, in pink.
The decrease buildings nonetheless exist as we speak.
From 1650-1659, Hans was listed as a bread examiner, viewer, or inspector on the checklist of residents. Who knew there was such a factor?!
Hans Lenz died on Christmas Eve, 1667 in Beutelsbach.
Within the German custom, the household would have gathered to rejoice Christmas on Christmas Eve, both at house or at church, or each. I’m wondering if Hans had been ailing, or if he died instantly, both at house through the festivities or in church through the providers.
Maybe Krampus, the Christmas demon, visited and stole Hans away!
Hans was 65 years previous and left three residing youngsters from his marriage with Katherina. His son George had already died 4 years earlier. It’s unknown whether or not or not Katharina was nonetheless residing.
If Hans was buried on the conventional time, his funeral service would have been held on Christmas Day, and he would have been buried contained in the walled churchyard, only a few ft away from his house at 17 Stiftstrasse and the bakery he rebuilt after the conflict.
Maybe Hans is resting inside the very partitions that saved him.
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- Legacy Tree Genealogists – Skilled family tree analysis | <urn:uuid:1385f73e-680b-4f9f-a8bb-db81a77c9ea3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://searchmytribe.com/hans-lenz-1602-1667-baker-and-vintner-during-the-thirty-years-war-52-ancestors-366/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.976226 | 3,814 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Last week I had the honor of being interviewed by a lovely 10 year-old named Grace. Grace is doing a project on ice cream as part of an Experts Fair for her Quest Program, which is an enrichment program for “highly capable” children in the Lake Washington School District.
For the Experts Fair, Grace has decided to learn everything there is to know about one of her favorite things (and mine too!): ice cream! She’s been interviewing various ice cream makers, learning the history of ice cream, and (hopefully) tasting some ice cream along the way.
We had a lot of fun talking about how I started Half Pint, how I choose flavors and come up with recipes, and my favorite things about owning an ice cream business. I was quite impressed with this 10 year-old 4th grader. Especially when she told me that she wants to start selling her handmade greeting cards so she can buy stock in Apple I think we have a future entrepreneur on our hands!
And here is the future business-owner herself:
How come I never got to do such fun projects when I was in school? | <urn:uuid:df2a0ec8-659a-477d-abe5-c7275e35bc36> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://halfpinticecream.com/ice-cream-school-project/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00479.warc.gz | en | 0.98323 | 233 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Monkeys like porn too
Tuesday, 8 February 2005
Pay-per-view television channels prove that humans will shell out cash to see sex and celebrities; now a new study reveals that monkeys also will pay to see sexy photographs and images of high-status individuals within their own social groups.
The study is the first to show that monkeys appraise visual information for its social value and can then use this data to spontaneously discriminate between images of their fellow monkeys.
Because many of the findings also apply to humans, the researchers say their findings could lead to a better understanding of neurophysiological disorders, such as autism, which affect how individuals view themselves and others.
Duke University Medical Center scientists publish their research online in the journal Current Biology.
Twelve adult male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) participated in the study. Researchers observed the macaques, housed in captivity, to determine their social order. Males and females were either high-status or low-status relative to their cage mates.
"In our colony, when we give treats - for example, dried fruit - to the monkeys, the higher-status monkey usually gets the lion's share, and the low-status monkey will generally give a submissive gesture [such as lowering its head] in this potentially stressful situation," says author Dr Robert Deaner, a postdoctoral research associate in the centre's neurobiology department.
"Higher-ranking animals usually, but not always, enjoy priority of access for food, coveted spatial locations, and mating opportunities," he adds.
Photographing monkeys' behinds
Next, the researchers took photographs of the macaques and loaded them into a computer program. Some females were photographed from behind, so that the image showed a close-up of their hindquarters. Other pictures were head shots of both males and females.
Four of the male monkeys then sat in front of computer screens. They were rewarded with juice whenever they shifted their gaze from one image to another. Some images resulted in more juice than other photos.
When given the choice between a photo of a low-status male with a high juice reward and a photo of a female's hindquarters, the male test subjects refused the extra juice so that they could gaze at the sexy female images. They also "paid" with juice to see photos of high-status males.
Conversely, the male monkeys required extra payment, meaning more juice, to view the faces of low-status males and females.
"We think that the monkeys value orienting towards all kinds of social information, but some types of information are worth more than others," says Deaner.
Males did not look away as quickly when they admired the females' behinds.
"Viewing the hindquarters of a female, on the other hand, may provide a benefit, but no potential cost," Deaner says, and added that males likely check out the colour and size of the female's perineum, or her genitalia. A large, red perineum generally means she is ovulating.
In another phase of the test, Deaner and his colleagues placed the male monkeys in front of mirrors. While animal experts do not believe that rhesus macaques possess self-recognition, high-status monkeys spent 41% of the mirror time looking at themselves, while low-status monkeys only gazed at their reflections for 19% of the session time.
How is money involved?
Professor Colin Camerer at Caltech is an expert on neuroeconomics, an emerging field that uses detailed evidence about brain mechanisms, including cross-species comparisons, to improve our understanding of human economic behaviour.
Camerer says it is "no surprise" that male monkeys "really like looking at female posteriors". But he is puzzled that males would pay with juice to see high-status males, but would not look at them for very long.
"It is like a star-struck fan who waits for hours to see a favourite movie star, say Brad Pitt, but then is so star-struck that she immediately averts her eyes downward shyly," Camerer says.
The human link to the monkey findings could extend to autism.
"One of the main problems in people with autism is that they don't find it very motivating to look at other individuals," says Deaner's colleague Assistant Professor Michael Platt. "And even when they do, they can't seem to assess information about that individual's importance, intentions or expressions."
Platt says he and his team in future hope to use the findings to not only learn more about monkeys, but also to model how social motivation is processed by both macaques and humans. | <urn:uuid:d16bd19e-8332-4b19-88ba-09197c0cf98f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/enviro/EnviroRepublish_1298389.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00394-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962153 | 956 | 1.921875 | 2 |
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Every single role you apply for must have a cover letter tailored to that role, with the letter to a person rather than just the general Sir/Madam. This means you need to take the time to research the role and company, or the recruiter who may be representing the company, and do your best to find the name of the key point of contact who will be reviewing the job applications.
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I am a passionate Career Coach who works with individuals in the explore and search phase of their career journey, helping you realise your strengths through my career coaching and training programs. I enjoy showing people the path to greater career satisfaction and providing insight and tools to help you make your next career move. | <urn:uuid:fc7da24e-51a7-4e95-b68e-f453ee93bdf2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://letzcreate.com.au/how-to-get-a-big-tick-when-applying-for-jobs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.929467 | 896 | 1.5625 | 2 |
In the face of repeated assertions that the science on global warming is “settled,” ongoing studies and developments in the area leave some insisting that claim remains true, while others say the science is anything but.
According to Gallup’s annual environmental poll, the percentage of Americans saying they worry a great deal or a fair amount about global warming has fallen from a high of 66 percent in 2008 to a stable 51 percent in 2011. Furthermore, 43 percent of Americans say the seriousness of global warming is exaggerated in the news.
A breakdown of global warming poll data shows that the issue remains mainly ideological, with 72 percent of Democrats saying they worry about global warming compared to 51 percent of Independents and 31 percent of Republicans.
As the global warming debate becomes more politicized in individual attitudes, state governments, Congress and even within the United Nations, the possibility of the science becoming truly “settled” appears unlikely.
In a study published July 25 in the science journal Remote Sensing, William Braswell and Roy Spencer, a principal research scientist at the University of Alabama in Huntsville and a former senior scientist for climate studies at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center, suggest the Earth’s atmosphere is more efficient at releasing energy into space than models used to forecast climate change have been programmed to “believe.”
The result, Spencer says, is that climate forecasts are warming substantially faster than the atmosphere.
“At the peak, satellites show energy being lost while climate models show energy still being gained,” Spencer said.
In short, Forbes reports, while global warming theory states that carbon dioxide emissions should be trapping a certain amount of heat in the earth’s atmosphere and preventing it from escaping into space, real-world measurements show far less heat is being trapped than computer models predict.
However, after the study was released, Stephanie Pappas, writing for LiveScience, said no scientist contacted by the organization found it credible.
“This is a very bad paper and is demonstrably wrong,” Richard Somerville, a scientist at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California San Diego, told The Associated Press. “It is getting a lot of attention only because of noise in the blogosphere.”
Writing at Business Insider, James Delingpole says the one question climate change believers should be made to answer is this: Whatever happened to global warming?
In one of the 2009 “Climategate” emails, Kevin Trenberth, lead author for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, wrote, “The fact is that we can’t account for the lack of warming at the moment and it is a travesty that we can’t.”
This, along with the lack of statistically significant global warming for more than a decade, has led some scientists to create new theories on why the earth isn’t doing what they expected it to do, Delingpole said.
One of these explanations is that China’s coal use doubled from 2002 to 2007, putting more sulphate aerosol particles into the atmosphere and cooling the earth by reflecting solar energy back into space.
Another study suggests much of the same, with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration claiming that airborne solid and liquid particles from both natural and man-made sources are increasing in the stratosphere.
“Most of the global warming of the past half-century has been driven by continuing increases in anthropogenic greenhouse gases,” the study said. “But natural aerosols from particular ‘colossal’ volcanic eruptions have significantly cooled the global climate at times.”
Whether the science is settled or not, the BBC has decided to put the lid on climate change skeptics, The Guardian reports, after an independent review of its science coverage suggested it gave too much attention to global warming skepticism.
In the report, global warming skeptics were compared to people who believed AIDS had nothing to do with viruses, the MMR vaccine was unsafe, complex organs could never evolve or that 9/11 was a U.S. government plot.
The reason the BBC should limit the airtime of skeptics, the report said, is because they were actually in denial.
“This is not the same as skepticism, for a skeptic is willing to change his or her mind when provided with evidence," the report says. "A denialist is not.”
While it’s easy to suggest that day-to-day weather is an indication of global warming — something that was attempted after the major winter snowstorms in New York and Chicago, the rash of tornadoes in the South and the July heat wave across much of the country — weather patterns are not necessarily indications of global warming. Additionally, global warming science does have other weaknesses.
Patrick Michaels at Forbes says one of these weaknesses can be found in relying on "pal reviewed" science rather than peer-reviewed science. Even more concerning than pal science, however, is the possibility of suppressed science.
Charles Monnett, a U.S. government wildlife biologist, was placed on leave while he was investigated for “integrity issues,” Bloomberg reports. Monnett’s work was featured in Al Gore’s documentary, “An Inconvenient Truth,” according to the International Business Times, and his observational report on polar bear drowning in 2006 helped the animals become the first species classified by the U.S. as being threatened due to global warming.
While Jeff Ruch, executive director of the advocacy group Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility, told the International Business Times that Monnett was being targeted as a way to interrupt his scientific studies, the Denver Post reports the suspension was not related to his scientific work.
A recent study at the world’s leading physics lab at the European Organization for Nuclear Research examined the role that energetic particles from deep space play in cloud formation. However, after the study was finished, CERN Director General Rolf-Dieter Heuer said scientists should refrain from drawing conclusions based on the experiment, The Register reports.
The reason for this, Heuer said, is because “that would go immediately into the highly political arena of the climate change debate.”
Nigel Calder, a British science writer, suggests the “settled” science of global warming may be one reason for the suppression of scientific conclusions from the study.
“It’s OK to enter ‘the highly political arena of the climate change debate’ provided your results endorse man-made warming, but not if they support (Henrik) Svensmark’s heresy that the sun alters the climate by influencing the cosmic ray influx and cloud formation,” Calder writes. “The once illustrious CERN laboratory ceases to be a truly scientific institute when its director general forbids its physicists and visiting experimenters to draw the obvious scientific conclusions from their results.”
While the global warming debate may never be fully settled in the political arena or in the minds of individuals, Al Bredenberg at ThomasNet News writes that it's important for open-minded debate to continue — or even to begin.
“True believers are fond of saying that ‘there is no dispute’ about whatever they think should be the official version of the truth,” Bredenberg said. “That would work really well if they were in charge of a large society of, say, sheep. … As much as researchers and pundits on both sides might hate to acknowledge it, human-induced climate change is a controversial question.”
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Babies on the Brink
Aired December 22, 2001 - 05:00 ET
THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED.
THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Somebody tell that charge nurse we're doing a code.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: He's alive because of technology. And without major interventions, he would not be with us.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Were we still in the days where there's no ventilation, many of these children would pass away soon after birth. And so, if God is what would have happened under the natural setting, and then we're definitely interfering with his work.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: We should tell parents exactly what the risks are, as we get down to the lower limits of liability, because they were the ones who have to deal with the long-term consequences. And many of these consequences are life long.
EILEEN O'CONNOR, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): It's 4:00 on a Tuesday afternoon. Hailey Lewis is delivering her baby early. The first signs of labor came at 20 weeks, the halfway point of a normal pregnancy.
HAILEY LEWIS: I was a wreck. The neo-natologist said come and talk to me and had told me what would go on with the percentage of, you know, having problems.
O'CONNOR: She and doctors at Inova Fairfax Hospital for Children, outside Washington, D.C., succeeded in keeping her triplets in the womb seven more weeks.
LEWIS: 27 weeks. So it was every encouraging, although every day and every week is better. They were actually breathing and I heard them cry.
O'CONNOR: 13 weeks early and triplets.
LEWIS: They were just little miracles, you know. We're blessed.
O'CONNOR: Each weighs little more than a pound and a half, a bit bigger than a normal loaf of bread. That, and their early arrival, has guaranteed them spots here, in the neonatal intensive care or NICU at Fairfax. One of the most advanced in the country, more than 1300 babies pass through its door every year. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: I think they're doing pretty good.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Pretty good? She's got to breathe in air with a paper tube?
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Pretty darn good.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: That's darn good.
O'CONNOR: Their chances for survival, close to 90 percent at this hospital. And if they live, they have the same odds intact, meaning with no lasting physical or mental disability. The next 24 hours will be critical.
Today, cutting edge technology, coupled with advanced research, has given doctors the chance to save more babies, like the Lewises, and those even smaller, babies as tiny as one pound or less and as young as 22 weeks of gestational age.
Some of these children end up with disabilities, but the end result is seldom clear to doctors and parents at birth.
JOYCE STEPHANSKY, BEN'S MOM: And these are his first footprints and first hand prints.
O'CONNOR: Joyce Stephansky and Brian Powilatis are parents to Ben, born more than six months ago.
STEPHANSKY: That's my husband's hand in relationship to his fingers.
O'CONNOR: Ben's stay here has been like many, a journey of ups and downs that everyone calls the NICU rollercoaster.
STEPHANSKY: The series of taking two steps forward and six back. And you know, and that's what it's been like for seven months. And it's not easy, you know, but -- so we have our baby, you know.
O'CONNOR: Born at 27 weeks, Ben was actually developmentally. He'd stopped growing in the womb three weeks earlier. Early on, Ben's doctor, John North, warned his parents of the risks associated with treating very premature infants.
JOHN NORTH, PHYSICIAN: The family knew that there was going to be times where we would be faced with decisions about whether to continue with this support or not. The difficulty was in -- as it is with all small babies like this, predicting that point.
O'CONNOR: Nationally, the number of babies born premature is on the rise. It equals about one out of every nine births. The more premature, the less chance for survival. At term, 38 to 42 weeks, the survival rate is greater than 98 percent. At 30 weeks, the rate of survival is 95 percent. Hit 25 weeks, and it is little better than 50 percent. When you reach the limits of viability, 22 to 23 weeks, and a weight of less than a pound, the odds of surviving can be as low as 1 out of 100. For those smallest babies who beat those steep odds, as many as 80 or 90 percent can have lasting disabilities. Despite the statistics, parents are often compelled to fight for their baby's life, using every means of technology.
STEPHANSKY: He's had nine surgeries. The first surgery at two days old. And he only weighed a pound and five ounces. So he looked like a little baby bird without the feathers, thank God.
O'CONNOR: Ben's lungs also aren't developed enough. So he breathes through a hole in his throat. A ventilator pushing air into his lungs is essential.
STEPHANSKY: Time to sleep little bird, little bird.
O'CONNOR: For moms and dads, it's an overwhelming and often- difficult situation, holding the tiniest infants isn't possible, since they're so fragile. Each day after visiting, parents must return to home without their baby. And friends don't know how to react.
STEPHANSKY: It's hard on other people, too. You know, you have this baby that everyone's saying will not survive. So do you say, "Congratulations" or do you say, "I'm sorry?" Yes, I love you and you love me. You think so? I think so.
O'CONNOR: Ben is not yet breathing on his own or eating solid foods. Yet, there is hope. He may be going home soon, according to one of his doctors.
So you think, so far, so good?
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: It's great, yes. I couldn't be happier.
STEPHANSKY: Like to hear that. Did you hear that? You're doing great.
O'CONNOR: Not every baby that ends up in the NICU is premature. Across the hall is Andrew Abbott. He was born at term, like about half the babies here. Much new technology can help him, as well.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Yes, let's see your profile.
O'CONNOR: The pregnancy was perfect.
HEATHER ABBOTT, ANDREW'S MOM: This is the changing table.
O'CONNOR: And like most parents, Andrews planned the perfect, uneventful homecoming.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Hey, you want to announce the name?
H. ABBOTT: I think we have decided on Drew.
O'CONNOR: Andrew should have been fine at birth, but his exterior hid an awful twist. H. ABBOTT: They took him to the operating room. And that's when they found that all of the large intestine was dead and that about 45 centimeters of the small intestine, which is about a third of it, was also dead.
He's lost all his hair. He's a little Q ball.
ROBERT BECK, INOVA FAIRFAX HOSPITAL: He has what you call short gut. And we've not been able to deliver formula, breast feeding, or breast milk or any kind of material successfully into his gut at this point, but we hope as time goes along, that'll happen.
H. ABBOTT: This is my favorite, you know.
O'CONNOR: He's had three surgeries thus far to cut out the dead tissue in his intestines and connect the remaining pieces that are alive. He's also battling a fungal infection from the feeding lines inserted in his body.
H. ABBOTT: He was more awake today. And his fever's gone. His blood counts were better. He seems a lot happier, which is comforting for me, yes. He doesn't seem so sick.
O'CONNOR: Like many of the smaller babies at Fairfax, nobody knows how long it will be before Andrew is healthy enough to go home.
Meanwhile, another baby is about to board the rollercoaster at Fairfax. Transported in by ambulance, he was born just a few hours ago at 24 weeks. He is tiny, weighing just under 20 ounces. Four months early, his struggle to survive has just begun.
O'CONNOR (voice-over): Born just a few hours ago and transported into Fairfax, Adrian Millisock has the full attention of the staff in the NICU.
Eyes still closed, the 24-weeker is immediately hooked up to feeding tubes, monitors, and a ventilator.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: We're going to have to check that way up.
O'CONNOR: Born in another hospital, his parents have yet to arrive.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: He was at (UNINTELLIGIBLE) then transported.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Hello, is this mom? Mrs. Millisock? Hi, I just want to let you know, I'm one of the neo-natologists at Fairfax and taking care of your son. And he arrived safe and sound. He's looking really very good. O'CONNOR: 100 years ago, preemies like this were left to die. That was until the invention of the incubator. It cocooned a premature infant in warmth and oxygen. These devices so fascinated the public, that in the early 1900s, German doctor Martin Cooney (ph) sold tickets to see the babies thriving.
WILLIAM SILVERMAN, PEDIATRICIAN: Martin Cooney (ph) was a very colorful pediatrician. And the interesting thing is that his results were quite good.
O'CONNOR: Pediatrician Dr. William Silverman was in medical school at the same time Cooney (ph) slumbering babies were still fascinating. Sold out audiences in Europe and the United States. They even appeared at the New York World's Fair of 1939 and Coney Island. In total, Cooney (ph) cared for 8,000 babies. A whopping 6,500 of those survived.
SILVERMAN: It was an uphill fight. Cooney (ph) could not get doctors in this country interested in keeping very minute infants alive, because they were worried about long-term consequences.
O'CONNOR: Eventually, incubators became more widely accepted, enchanting the likes of Eleanor Roosevelt. But incubators couldn't save every baby.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: The dramatic miracle of birth and a fight for life takes place as Mrs. Jacqueline Kennedy bears a premature son.
O'CONNOR: The idea of ventilation didn't come to the public's attention until 1963.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: As is often the case with premature babies, Patrick had difficulty breathing.
O'CONNOR: That's when President John Kennedy's newborn son, Patrick, died from respiratory complications, following his birth at 34 weeks.
BECK: When you didn't particularly have any kind of tubing to put in the children's throats, to support breathing. We then certainly did not have any kind of pediatric ventilator. Then you would lose these children.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: The biggest change that we've had is the way we can breathe for him and the type of ventilators that we can use to treat the infants.
O'CONNOR: Today, there have been numerous other advancements in technology. Incubators resemble space capsules, with tops that pop off and advanced controls that regulate heat and humidity. Food is delivered through tiny tubes. Blood results are shown almost immediately. And machines chart every tiny breath and heartbeat.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: We're going to be doing an echocardiogram on this little guy. This will give us an ultrasound image of the baby's heart. And I'll be measuring the blood flow going through the chambers. And I should be able to see that with the color flow Doppler that we use.
O'CONNOR: In 1990, the development of a new drug, that mimics a vital substance lacking in the lungs of the smallest preemies, pushed the limits of viability even further. Cultivated from the lungs of calves, surfactant allows babies as tiny to 22 weeks to be saved. Before that, the baby's lungs are too immature to survive.
AMY MCCABE, NURSE: Premature babies don't have as much surfactant intrinsically. And it actually decreases the number of days that they're on the ventilator and allows them to have less basic lung trauma.
O'CONNOR: One baby who has benefited from surfactant is Adrian Millisock. A week after birth, he's stable, yet his parents are cautious.
KENNETH MILLISOCK, ADRIAN'S FATHER: They did an ultrasound on his brain to see if there's any blood on the brain. And that came back negative. There's no blood on the brain. So that's a good sign.
O'CONNOR: Severely premature babies like Adrian have tiny blood vessels, making them more prone to internal bleeds. If it's in the brain, it can be a sign of potential problems down the road. Like mental retardation and cerebral palsy.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: He'll end up being for a few months, right?
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: I think so.
K. MILLISOCK: We're going to have him for a while, and see how he develops and everything.
O'CONNOR: Down the hall, another baby is using all that technology has to offer.
JOHN ARANEO, JACK'S FATHER: Uh-oh, what did we do?
O'CONNOR: Hym and John Araneo welcomed twins into the world a few weeks ago. Zach is ready to go home, but Jack ended up here in the NICU.
J. ARANEO: You're just like Popeye today.
O'CONNOR: Jack is evidence that multiple births are on the rise. Most are twins, like the Araneo boys. They're numbers increased 50 percent since 1980. Triplets and other multiple births have skyrocketed close to 500 percent.
The leap is often credited to the growing use of fertility drugs and invitro fertilization. Multiples tend to end up in the NICU because of their size and early arrival.
Jack's difficulties began when he stopped growing in the womb. He was half the size of his brother. He also has Down's Syndrome. He's suffering from a bloated stomach. A barium X-ray is ordered to find out why. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Hold him right there.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Hold him?
O'CONNOR: The doctors hope the tests will find some blockage, but it doesn't. The result only confirms that Jack's underdeveloped intestines, a common ailment in small preemies, are slowing down his digestion, putting pressure on his belly and causing labored breathing. His parents must wait for him to improve.
Jonathan Dearing weighed the same as Jack Araneo at birth, a little over two pounds. Jonathan's breathing with the help of a sophisticated device, called a C-Pack. It both gently pushes air in and pulls it out, without using a tube in the throat or a ventilator.
Born at about 26 weeks yesterday, he has a better than 80 percent chance of survival. Still, he's already encountered some steep dives.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: He came in yesterday morning and did so well from the start. As a 26 weeker, he did very well and did well this morning. And then, he just kind of crashed and burned.
O'CONNOR: An infection is discovered. And it's stressing out Jonathan's system. Premature infants are prone to infections, because their immune system hasn't fully developed yet.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Everything happened kind of fast. We got him back on the ventilator. We did X-rays. So we just have to pretty much (UNINTELLIGIBLE) every act of what he does. He's not supposed to be here yet.
O'CONNOR: With the help of medicine and Jonathan's dad, the infant calms down and starts to fight the infection.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Yes, his color's a whole lot better at this particular point. So you know, I'm pretty happy with him at the moment. And so we'll just, you know, keep giving him breathing help he needs and give his body, you know, the time to mount a good response against this business.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: OK. All right.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Reach in there and give him a squeeze, if you want.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Thank you, all right.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: All of this happened, really, in the scope of this afternoon. Speaking to these children's fragility and speaking to their tendency to be unstable.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Doing great today. Doesn't he look good?
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Yes, he does.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Yes. O'CONNOR: Two days later, Jonathan Dearing, the 26 weeker, successfully battled his first challenge.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: I mean for the most part, he's doing much better.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Much, much better. Doesn't he look much, much better? He really does.
O'CONNOR: But born so young, the fight may not be over.
O'CONNOR (voice-over): Two weeks old, Jonathan Dearing, born 14 weeks early, is experiencing another valley in the NICU. While doing rounds, Doctors Beck and Baker notice some irregular breathing.
BECK: He's making sounds, but he's making gurgling sounds. Something's obstructed. So let's see if we can clean his tube.
O'CONNOR: Quickly, they assess Jonathan's situation.
BECK: Change his tube.
O'CONNOR: And insert a new tube in his throat, so a ventilator can push some air in his lungs. Once he's stable, they move onto the next bed. On any day, close to 60 infants are here in the NICU.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: People visit, change a diaper.
O'CONNOR: A baby who has received a lot of attention during the past six months is Ben Powilatis. A glance at his records reveals that he's experienced brain bleeds, seizures, and other potentially other deadly setbacks. Cerebral palsy is suspected.
STEPHANSKY: He's alive because of technology. And without major interventions, he would not be with us. Drawing the line was difficult.
O'CONNOR: During one life-threatening episode, the couple was asked if they wanted to go to extraordinary measures to keep Ben alive. They decided to keep going, unless Ben endured one more complication. If that happened, they would let him go.
STEPHANSKY: It was very difficult decision. It never happened, thank God. And at that moment if it had happened, would we have had said no more? I don't know. I really don't know.
There would be times that I would think he can't take anymore. And he would look at him, "Don't you give up." And that would give me the strength.
ROBIN BAKER, PHYSICIAN, INOVA FAIRFAX: It's a moving target. I mean, what you see when an infant's born may be great. And then at some time, they may develop a -- you know, a severe bleed, a severe hemorrhage, a stroke. And at that time, you know, things change. And your decisionmaking process changes.
BECK: They make their decisions based on a certain element of optimism and a certain element of the unknown. And they're trusting, you know, to a good outcome.
O'CONNOR: And what if the parents in the hospital don't agree on a course of action?
NORTH: If there is a circumstance where a family does not want intervention, but we think that the state of the art, the standard of care involves that intervention, we will go to whatever lengths we need to, to provide that for the baby, because we still do feel like our primary obligation is to the infant.
SILVERMAN: When I was young, I felt that way also.
O'CONNOR: Dr. William Silverman is considered a founding father of neo-natology. He wrote one of the first textbooks on the subject in the '60s. Since then, he has begun to worry about where the field is headed.
SILVERMAN: And I think we should be guided by the parents' decisions, because they're the ones who have to deal with the long- term consequences. And many of these consequences are life long.
: Faith Fallon was born premature at 25 weeks in a South Carolina hospital. Faith's chances for survival were just over 50/50. Yet Christina, her mother, says she was not given the choice to make a decision about whether to keep her child alive with extraordinary means. Fearing the worst, Kristina waited three days before visiting the NICU, afraid Faith would die.
KRISTINA FALLON, FAITH'S MOTHER: I went and saw her finally. They wheeled me down the hall. Then when I first saw her, she wasn't (UNINTELLIGIBLE). She was tiny and red and wrinkly, but she was my little girl. And I don't know, she was beautiful.
O'CONNOR: Today, Faith has cerebral palsy, lung and brain damage, and cannot crawl or walk.
K. FALLON: Breakfast.
O'CONNOR: Most of her food still comes through a tube into her stomach. Yet, she's beaten the doctors' predictions.
K. FALLON: And they said she would pretty much be a vegetable. And because of the ventilator damage to her lungs, she would probably dies by age 2.5 And she would most certainly die by age 5.
O'CONNOR: Faith is now 6 and enrolled in a special needs class at school.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Nine, good girl. All right, we're going to go over all the questions, all about you. Tell me, what is your name?
FAITH FALLON: Faith Fallon.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: That's right.
O'CONNOR: She also receives speech and physical therapy several times a week.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Come on, Faith. Good girl.
O'CONNOR: Kristina is lucky to have her family nearby. They help care for Faith. Yet she has concerns for the future.
K. FALLON: How do I pick up 100 pound kid?
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Let's push the ball.
K. FALLON: I mean, if she hasn't gained some ability to help transport yourself, you know, from the chair to the bathtub or the couch or to the bed, I mean, how are you going to do all that? I'm worried about her self-esteem, if she gets to be a teenager and all those things. You think about them all the time.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: You want to see it for a minute?
F. FALLON: Yes.
O'CONNOR: Kristina wishes that doctors in her NICU had informed her more about Faith's chances and listened better.
K. FALLON: I mean, I asked the doctor, "Why are you doing this to my child? You know, "her odds are not good." You know, "and you keep doing this. And I've asked you not to do this." You know, "Don't put her through any more pain." You know, "Why? Who are you to do this?"
And she looked at me and said, "Well, we learn from children like this." And just that tone of voice. And I'm just like -- you know, I just looked at her. I just stood there for a moment because I could not fathom that somebody could take that tone about a human life, you know, and a baby.
O'CONNOR: She was so outraged at her hospital's treatment, that she transferred Faith to another facility. Later, she co-wrote a letter to "The Journal of the American Medical Association" with other parents of low birth weight preemies, demanding that they be involved in all decisions.
The doctors at Fairfax strive to include everyone in the decisionmaking, sharing the concern in these parents.
BECK: For many families, it's a considerable stress to deal with a disabled child. And there are many parents who will write letters into the journals, and say, had I known at the time, you know, my decisionmaking would have been entirely different.
You know, it would be great to have a time machine in the delivery room before birth and take people forward and see how it's going to turn out. Unfortunately, we don't have that certainty.
K. FALLON: I think this is something that everybody has to decide on their own. That's why I'm saying families should have some say. Yes, I mean, the doctor's creed, you know, first do no harm. I can understand they want to save these children, but in the long run, do they do more harm than they did good?
SILVERMAN: I think the word save is -- one of the problems here. The word save sort of implies that everyone lives happily ever after. I think we should talk about prolongation of life and the quality of that prolonged life.
BECK: Were we still in the days where there was no ventilation, many of these children would pass away soon after birth. And so, if God is what would have happened under the natural setting, then we're definitely interfering with His work.
BAKER: And yes, it does put you in untenable situations from time to time, but that, fortunately, is very few and far between.
O'CONNOR: The issue of prolonging life has even fueled some multi million dollar lawsuits. Parents are suing hospitals for saving their child's life, against their wishes.
K. FALLON: If I known what I know now, I don't think I would have ever gotten pregnant. And I don't think I would have went to the hospital that night. She's a wonderful little girl. A lot of days, you know, she'll make you laugh. She's just lights up your heart.
O'CONNOR: To better predict outcomes, Fairfax, along with about 300 other hospitals in the United States and worldwide, compile and share their data about methods of treatments, recovery rates and new techniques.
Over time, some trends have emerged. Generally, the older the baby is at birth, the better his or her chances.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Hold you hand. So she can say hi.
O'CONNOR: Girls tend to do better than boys. With small black girls doing the best and white boys, the worst.
FERN LITMAN, PHYSICIAN, INOVA FAIRFAX: We try not to refer to them as wimpy in front of their parents or in front of them. As far as a real reason, it's not there. But female infants to seem to do better. They are definite studies on that.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: I'm hiding the bunny. Where's the bunny?
O'CONNOR: Fairfax also tracks the progress of their former patients with developmental appointments at 6, 12 and 24 months.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: You got it.
O'CONNOR: Kinds of most problems, like cerebral palsy, impaired vision and learning difficulties won't be seen until age two. That means for parents leaving the NICU with an infant, the future is still unclear. Yet, every family eagerly awaits that departure date. For Ben Powilatis, that day is now just a week away.
BRIAN POWILATIS, BRIAN'S FATHER: Well, there's a lot to do. You know, a little bit anxious, but you know, it's the baby we've been waiting for. So it'll be exciting. It'll be exciting.
O'CONNOR: His mom, Joyce, is getting a crash course in all the essentials.
STEPHANSKY: This is the actual ventilator. It will go on a pole. This is the heating mechanism to give him moisture, so that he doesn't dry out. And this will go underneath the pole. And this is the battery. So that'll go on a pole. And we'll have one set up upstairs and one set up downstairs. And we also will have a suction machine to suction out the traech, which has to be done quite frequently.
So we're wondering if they'll be any room for Ben in his room.
O'CONNOR: Flush with excitement, she enjoys a moment of joy every parent shares and leaves the NICU to print up birth announcements about her son. She's gone for just 10 minutes when Ben takes a turn for the worse.
O'CONNOR (voice-over): Almost seven months into his stay at the Inova Fairfax Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ben Powilatis stops breathing.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: The alarm went off. I was just standing outside. And he was just down...
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: And he dropped his heart rate. And he dropped. He went into a relapse from 140 to 25. And he was blue. I'm going to have try and reincubate him.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: We had to replace his traech.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Do some CPR, give him some medication.
O'CONNOR: Within 10 minutes, he is fine. And all his levels are normal.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: He looks pretty good now. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Yes, he does. He's acting like Ben.
O'CONNOR: It is a scare for the NICU staff.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: And we're not sure why he does this.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Brian canceled his trip. He's not going until tomorrow. So he's right behind me.
O'CONNOR: When Ben's parents arrive back an hour later, they are shaken.
STEPHANSKY: What are we going to do? It would kill him. It would kill him. I wouldn't know what to do if this happened. I mean, we don't have epinephrine at home. I just left for a little while.
O'CONNOR: Despite the setback and their fears, Joyce and Brian are committed to caring for Ben.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: You know, if you went home, and you weren't afraid, I'd be worried about you because that's not normal.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: You can do this.
STEPHANSKY: OK, I can do it. We can do it.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: You can do...
O'CONNOR: Like Ben's nurse, all the staff gets involved.
STEPHANSKY: The nurses made that for him, actually.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: We just felt that, you know, in the world today, everybody's a number. And it just kind of personalizes the infant. And it kind of makes it more intimate and more personal for the parent as well.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: I have pictures of these kids on my refrigerator. I have their (UNINTELLIGIBLE). And you know, we get attached to these little guys.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: People say to me, "How can you do this?" When you look at this, it's "how can you not do this? How can you, you know, how can you not do this?"
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Look at that.
O'CONNOR: One nurse, Renee Greeger, has been helping babies and parents for more than 20 years.
RENEE GREEGER, NURSE: Always part of the first couple of days, the dream is shattered. And now we have to deal with one problem at a time.
O'CONNOR: Often, the problems eventually disappear.
GREEGER: Hope is something we have here within us, a great deal of, I have to say. And we've all experienced miracles.
O'CONNOR: One miracle baby at Fairfax was a little boy named Justin Ilar.
PAM ILAR, JUSTIN'S MOM: I just remember hearing this little "Ah." You know, it was just barely recognizable. And he looked like an embryo, you know.
O'CONNOR: Born at 25 weeks and weighing just 13 ounces, he had little chance of survival.
ILAR: Dr. North came and spoke about what could happen. Babies, you know, don't come in the world this small and not have challenges. And he might not have the fight in him or the will or the strength or you know, he may not make it.
O'CONNOR: Did you ever have a conversation with your husband that said, "OK, if something really bad happens and we get to this point, what are we going to do?"
ILAR: Yes, yes, that conversation. And the conversation goes, "We don't want him to suffer. That's the number one thing. But if he's trying to stay alive, we got to be there." Yet, he's just the strength, you know, to be so tiny and to just hang in there and keep hanging in there and keep hanging in there. If he's going to hang on, we don't have any excuses.
O'CONNOR: Six years ago, Justin Ilar was the smallest baby born at Fairfax to survive. Today, his eyeglasses are the only reminder of this experiences as a preemie.
JUSTIN ILAR: I was faster than you.
ILAR: Were you faster than me?
Well, we were lucky, you know? We were lucky, very lucky. But we blessed. I see that now, that we were blessed. It was nothing but God.
BECK: I love the fact, you know, that he's done well and that his mom is as happy as she is and that their family, you know, is really -- has done well with this whole thing. It doesn't really change the uncertain characteristics of this though, because day in and day out, you know, we have our successes. And they are thrilling. And we have our disappointments. And those are devastating.
O'CONNOR: Full term baby Andrew Abbott is hoping to be a miracle, too. But his homecoming date is still unknown. That's because there is little food moving through his remaining intestine. So it's decided to go in and take another look. BECK: This is recent surgery. He's got a period of time where his bowel is really asleep. And we have attempted to start feedings on him, with continuous drip feedings. He's been throwing them up. Clearly, he's at risk, but he's showing good signs he's going to tolerate the feedings. And so, we're hopeful.
O'CONNOR: Adrian Millisock weighs in a lot less than Andrew. Even though he's only been here a short time, his family already understands the nature of life in the NICU.
KENNETH MILLISOCK, ADRIAN'S FATHER: We go day by day. We pray every night. You see things like this on TV every day, but you never expect it's going to happen to you. You always expect it's going to happen to somebody else, until it really does happen to you. And then, your life changes just like that.
O'CONNOR: And if Adrian ends up having some problems later in life?
K. MILLISOCK: No matter what the outcome's going to be, he's still my son.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: The goal now is to get him home. And when I get him home, I'm going to like being like he's any other baby.
O'CONNOR: Before Jack Araneo can go home, the staff would like the tiny, premature twin to breathe on his own. But just as they try to take him off the ventilator, he crashes.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Will somebody tell the charge nurse we're doing a code?
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: We tried taking the breathing tube out because he had very low ventilator settings. He was doing most of the work on the ventilator. We tried putting the breathing tube back in, and we were unsuccessful. And that was why we were (UNINTELLIGIBLE) him. And that's why his heart rate dropped. We had to do chest compressions (UNINTELLIGIBLE).
We then were able to get an airway and breathe for him with the ventilator. And that was when we were able to stop the chest compressions. Now his vital signs are stable and his blood pressure's fine.
O'CONNOR: The whole episode with Jack Araneo lasts less than 10 minutes. Still, it takes a toll on his nurse.
What keeps the staff going here is the knowledge that most of these kids are going to recover and go home. Each year, Inova Fairfax invites the past patients of the NICU to a reunion. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Oh, my goodness!
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: We're pretty proud.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: He was a 28 weeker, but he is...
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: He's big, isn't he?
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: He's big. I am a big boy.
O'CONNOR: It's a chance for the caregivers and parents to touch base again.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Nice to see you Dr. Beck.
O'CONNOR: And for doctors and nurses to see the progress of their former patients.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Good to see you.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: I was born in 1977 and I weighed 2.5 pounds.
BAKER: The reunion is really sort of the icing on the cake. It makes you feel great. Yes, it's really fun.
O'CONNOR: Before any of these Fairfax graduates finally made it home, they endured many weeks in the NICU. For many families, their goal is to attend the reunion next year.
The waiting is the hardest part. And few have waited as long as Ben Powilatis. He is coming home after spending 202 days in the hospital.
STEPHANSKY: I just can't believe it. I just hope we're ready. I think we're ready. It's weird, because I feel a little bit sad, too, because we've -- you know, we have to say good-bye to people who saved Benjamin's life. You know, and how do you say thank you?
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Bye-bye.
STEPHANSKY: Bye. I don't want to say good-bye.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Yes, we know.
O'CONNOR: Ben's parents, like most of the moms and dads here, participated in his care. Now their care will be essential to his survival. Around the clock nurses will help ease the burden.
It's a happy day, but long-term, no one is sure of his future. The doctors won't give Brian and Joyce a life expectancy until Ben reaches three years old.
BECK: He still has a good deal of respiratory problems to overcome. And his outcome is far from certain in terms of his normal development down the road. O'CONNOR: Several weeks later, Jonathan Dearing is really to leave the hospital, too. Despite having a tiny brain bleed early in his stay here, he's doing well.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Got some nice tone coming in. His head control is starting to kick in.
O'CONNOR: He now gets therapy to help his muscles develop. He's drinking from a bottle. And his parents are taking an all-important CPR class to prepare them for life at home. Four days later, he is out the door.
Back in the NICU, Andrew is waiting his turn.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: For the first time in his 95 days of life, he is not attached to anything. So I'm holding him for the first time with nothing. He's doing really well. Still planning to go home next Wednesday.
O'CONNOR: With his bowels finally moving food, he is given a date to go home, too.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: If it happens Wednesday, it'll be -- it will have been 99 days, which I think that's a nice number to go home on. That'll make a good story.
O'CONNOR: Two days before leaving, his plans are scratched. He has developed another massive infection and must wait to recover.
O'CONNOR (voice-over): Three weeks after his arrival at the NICU, young Adrian Millisock was stable enough to be flown close to his parents in Pennsylvania. Three months later, he goes home with only some oxygen support, weighing almost five pounds more than at birth.
Meanwhile, Jack Araneo, the tiny twin, waits. Therapy helps make him stronger.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: But I'm just waking up his mouth a little bit right now. He's got a real forward protruding tongue. And so, we want to try to get it more into his mouth and (UNINTELLIGIBLE).
O'CONNOR: Yet it's soon decided that Jack will need more surgery. His lungs are still damaged. So a tracheotomy is done. That way, he can stay on the ventilator. A stomach tube is also inserted to help him eat. It's hoped he will leave the NICU in a few weeks.
STEPHANSKY: And we like to dance with mama.
O'CONNOR: Ben Powilatis has been home for several weeks. His parents are thrilled, yet the reality of their situation is now clear.
STEPHANSKY: I mean, it's wonderful to have him home, but it's incredibly difficult. And as we get through each day, we realize that there are very people like us. And it's very difficult to let anybody know what we go through, just on a day to day basis.
O'CONNOR: He's also endured a few hospital stays since his first homecoming.
B. POWILATIS (singing): If you're happy and you know it, clap your hands.
By the time each of Ben's medical bills is added up, the sum will easily top $1 million. However, all that money and technology can't guarantee Ben's future. And it's such uncertainty that bothers family and the NICU staff, as they work with each infant.
BAKER: To be honest with you, I'd like to see the children 20 years down the road, because I'd like to make sure that there's nothing I'm doing now, that's going to cause them trouble in 20 years. I mean, that's what you just don't know.
O'CONNOR: Back at Fairfax, Heather Abbott finally hears the good news she has been waiting for. Andrew is being discharged.
H. ABBOTT: And I just burst into tears of just joy. And finally like really believed that this it was going to happen.
O'CONNOR: The hope is that soon, Andrew will be eating food, just like everybody else.
H. ABBOTT: They told us that in a few years, whatever we eat, he eats. You know, if we have spaghetti for dinner, he has spaghetti for dinner. He should grow and talk and walk and play, just like any other kid.
O'CONNOR: It's a moment for good-bye.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: We're going to miss you, though. Yes, we are.
O'CONNOR: And then he's into his new car seat and whisked off.
As Andrew sets off, another baby is coming in, ready to board the NICU rollercoaster. The staff kicks into gear. And like always, no one knows how rocky the ride will be.
TO ORDER A VIDEO OF THIS TRANSCRIPT, PLEASE CALL 800-CNN-NEWS OR USE OUR SECURE ONLINE ORDER FORM LOCATED AT www.fdch.com | <urn:uuid:829ab76d-b443-4bbb-870c-d692367fa645> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0112/22/cp.00.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00506-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976919 | 9,713 | 1.546875 | 2 |
PEARSON EDUCATION, OXFORD
|SERIES:||BUILDING AMAZING STRUCTURES S.|
|SIZE:||264 x 195|
Product Description for SKYSCRAPERS
Explores amazing structures from around the world, looking at their development, techniques and materials used. This work offers information, charts and facts, covering various aspects of the design and construction of structures. It features photographs, and includes experiments to help understanding.
Customers who viewed 'SKYSCRAPERS' also looked at... | <urn:uuid:1212a87e-4224-45b4-ad76-32320aa71d99> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.mapsinternational.co.uk/product_details.asp?pid=9780431000954&t=SKYSCRAPERS | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00096-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.82574 | 116 | 2.046875 | 2 |
In everything-you-think-you-know-is-wrong news, Dr. Alfred Kinsey was not the pioneer of sex surveys. Before Kinsey moved from a taxonomy of gall wasps to a taxonomy of human sexual behaviors, Dr. Clelia Mosher (pictured above), Dr. Katharine Davis and Dr. Robert Lou Dickinson had already collected survey data on early 20th century sexual attitudes and behaviors.
Dr. Katharine Davis worked in New York as a corrections officer and social reformer during the early 1900s. Sexual studies were not the focus of her career but in 1929 she published the results of 2,200 questionnaires filled out by educated women. The most interesting finding (according to me)? 71.8% of women felt that an abortion “should ever be performed”. Compare this to a current poll finding “57 per cent of respondents think abortion should be legal in all or most cases”.
The numbers were roughly the same in both studies but though Davis had more total responses, all those responses were women. I wonder if the inclusion of male respondents tipped the data in the most recent study? In a CBS/NYT poll, more men supported abortion than women (by a small margin) so modern attitudes may have become more conservative or women’s attitudes may have been influenced by witnessing higher maternal and child morbidity rates. Abortion might not seem like such a big deal when babies or mothers giving birth died more frequently.
An East Coast gynecologist and researcher during the early 20th century, Dickinson pioneered the practice of large-scale sexual histories. He studied sexuality in marriage, personal sexual histories of his female patients, was one of the first doctors to use vibrators on female patients and used his impressive drawing skills to catalog diverse appearances in sexual physiology, namely genitals.
In his survey of one thousand married women he found that they most frequently complained about failure to reach orgasm and that obstacles to sexual pleasure were primarily inorganic, ie. not physiological in nature. Essentially, attitudes towards sex impacted the ability to enjoy sex, findings on female sexual response echoed in later research. He also had a kick-ass middle name.
In the category of kick-ass full names and all-around character is Clelia Duel Mosher. While Davis and Dickinson toiled on the East Coast, Dr. Mosher conducted possibly the first known female sexual attitudes survey in 1892 in the Midwest. Her study was meant to fill her own knowledge gaps for a married life presentation for the Mothers Club of the University of Wisconsin.
She continued conducting surveys into 1920 but only created 45 profiles that remained buried with other paperwork until Carl Degler discovered the work in 1973, decades after Mosher’s death. The papers became a sensational peek into Victorian female sexuality, affirming that the public record of values often disappears in private conduct. The majority of women in the 45 profiles reported enjoying sex and experiencing sexual desire, contrary to popular belief.
Mosher achieved recognition in her lifetime for menstruation studies. Common knowledge at the time assumed women to be naturally frail but Mosher’s work proved that binding corsets, bad diet and socially prescribed physical inertia contributed to women’s breathing issues and menstrual pain. She was far ahead of her time and recommended abdominal and breathing exercises (called Moshers!) in addition to being physically active during menstruation.
Dr. Clelia Duel Mosher is a fascinating figure, though ultimately lonely because she was so far ahead of her time. I strongly recommend reading the in-depth American Heritage article on her or the recent Stanford article on her life and work.
Thanks to my friend David for sending me the Stanford article on Dr. Clelia Mosher that reminded me about pioneering sex researchers! | <urn:uuid:d01a4044-e1d1-423f-8bb6-3c7ac3c1b6a2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://sexademic.wordpress.com/tag/medicine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00556-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965304 | 766 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Above: “Swanston Street”, painted on Friday at RMIT near the entrance to the Kaleide Theatre in memory of the brutal police removal ordered by Melbourne City Council of the Occupy Melbourne Protests (http://occupymelbourne.org/). Similar things have been happening all around the world. The mural also symbolises the encroachment of big business, with the backup of police and military, into public space. I often feel sorry for police, security and soldiers as they are used as pawns in the game of big business and government. Although, too many of them seemed to be enjoying it this day. Probably pretty exciting for them, all dressed up with all their gear on. Boys and their toys, is all I can say.
The boys in blue.
Off the Wall: is street art an appropriate medium to voice human rights issues?
Presented by the Human Rights Arts & Film Festival
Wednesday, 23 May 2012, 6:00 pm
RMIT Kaleide Theatre
Public discourse surrounding street art is dominated by the continuing debate about cultural legitimacy and notions of ownership of public space. Yet, such discussions conceal one of the most important functions of street art, the creative freedom to be powerfully political and socially current. What are the issues engaging Melbourne’s street artists? Are human rights issues some of them? And are we giving our artists the freedom they need to engage the community? This forum is designed to bring together artists and the community to think about and discuss the role street art can and does play in shaping awareness in the urban realm.
With: Boo, Fiona Hillary, Kate Shaw, Lachlan Macdowall and myself. | <urn:uuid:b4488d4e-cc89-45dd-a0f9-5534de82db70> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tomcivil.com/discussion-at-human-rights-arts-film-festival-23-may-2012/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00079.warc.gz | en | 0.951855 | 370 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Which Joe gave his name to ‘sloppy joes’? We look at five interesting sandwiches and their lexical origins.
- informal term for tularaemia
- ‘Francisella tularensis is the bacterium that causes tularemia (also known as rabbit fever).’
- ‘The Soviet military conducted the first bio-weaponry experiment using rabbit fever bacterium in 1936, according to the Monterey Institute of International Studies of the United States.’
- ‘In some cases, inflamed lymph nodes may be a sign of more serious diseases, such as tuberculosis, rabbit fever, cat scratch disease and sexually transmitted diseases.’
- ‘Tularemia, also known as ‘rabbit fever’, ‘deer fly fever’, and ‘lemming fever’, has been reported throughout North America and continental Europe, Russia, China, and Japan.’
Are you looking for a word for a foolish person? We explore twelve interesting words to describe the dunderheads in your life.
Before you run for the hills, let’s run through a list of ‘run’ expressions that are running through our minds.
The definitions of ‘buddy’ and ‘bro’ in the OED have recently been revised. We explore their history and increase in popularity. | <urn:uuid:867ba144-553a-477a-9a08-a7bec88b469d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/rabbit_fever | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719677.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00561-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943399 | 290 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Meet Online Guardians
The Online Guardians are an eSafety accredited business who are experts in the field of social networks and adolescent development. We have presented to over 300,000 students in the past decade and have a wealth of hands-on experience working with schools and young people in this ever-changing online space. Our accredited business has a core focus to provide targeted and effective education to students, parents, educators, and school bodies. We educate on a variety of topics including cyber, social networks and adolescent development leading to awareness and positive change. Our presenters have extensive experience working and educating in school settings.
The Online Guardians have presented many sessions of professional development for educators in public and private schools around New South Wales in person and via webinar. This includes both primary and secondary school settings. We combine packages of education engaging all stakeholders to allow collaboration and best practice. We personalise content and ensure our intervention is effective leading to positive change.
We utilise data, statistics and evaluations to highlight the most accurate picture for individual schools. This is not offered anywhere else in New South Wales. After our intervention, we obtain data clarifying the impact and positive changes following our work. We are proud to share that in our last 10 schools of intervention (Primary), we average removing 20% of students from social network accounts and having 40% of our audience update their current social network settings. An incredible average per school. This is evidence our work and age-appropriate education leads to positive change all around that state.
The business focus is to build a platform of support for children struggling in this space. The ideology of our work is to provide realistic and tangible strategies to main stakeholders which strengthens the foundation of support inevitably protecting our children. We provide parents and carers tangible and realistic strategies. They are given a clear snapshot of their school’s trends and cultures, and then given tools to assist guide their children through their digital journey. We allow our audience to provide feedback after every session. Our feedback is overwhelmingly positive.
Once you attend one of our sessions, we are confident that you will comprehend and appreciate the current scene like no other education available on the market. | <urn:uuid:10bbbc49-43b8-4eb5-a6a1-46f7706095b9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://onlineguardians.com.au/about/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.950494 | 438 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Arrow Process Diagram with Icons
Arrow Process Diagram with Icon is arranged in a river flow pattern with various steps divided by use of standard colors. This can be ideal for showcasing multi-step business processes. The start point and end point indicated as long and forward pointing arrows in shades of green is always associated as a positive indicators. The various stages can be explained at each bend where you can see a minimalistic icon and a short description. Stages in a business can be analyzed by the assessment of data which can lead to business strategies that are followed by concepts and ideas. All these formulates into a content strategy that eventually end up as action item or problem solvers for the business problem we were analyzing. Use Arrow Process Diagram to bring in a simplified visual to the otherwise complicated business decision making process. This template is not only available in PowerPoint and Keynote but also comes with a set of icons that can be customized and used in the template key point areas or feel free to make use of this wide range selection of more than 90 icons in any of your presentations to make it more appealing. | <urn:uuid:f50bda50-61b9-437b-8959-8a5c758828bc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://slidebazaar.com/items/arrow-process-diagram-with-icons/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00552-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943333 | 225 | 2.796875 | 3 |
“The art of perfumery, which is what I view it as, more than just an accessory to fashion,” he starts off without prompt. “It transports you to a completely different time and place in the world.” It seems pithy, but as Moltz looks over each of the examples of the exhibit that was curated by The Emperor of Scent author Chandler Burr, he continues to speak knowledgeably about each scent in a way that seems half philosopher and half historian. He speaks of perfume as a concept that came with the advent of aroma chemicals; he compares the iconic scent of Chanel No. 5 to Dadaism, and explains the reason that in a time when people are obsessed with natural ingredients, synthetics are always a safer bet when making a fragrance. Though he continues to whisper, I can sense Moltz get more and more excited as he goes on.
We keep walking and taking in the various scents while we talk more about Moltz’s process and inspiration. We stop by to take in Osmanthe Yunnan, a scent Moltz mentions was created by the Hermes in-house perfumer Jean-Claude Ellena. I ask if it’s a rarity to have an in-house “nose,” as they’re called in the industry. Moltz tells me it is, adding, “That’s something that is unique about what we do; we run the business, but I also make all the scents, which is not too common in our industry.” Moltz goes on to talk about the concepts and influences behind his creations the way that a songwriter or painter describes a song or a painting, citing periods in time as influences: “Mississippi in the 1200s, when a death cult was raging and the people were building mounds, Boston in the ’80s, when the IRA lurked behind my seaside youth, etc.”
Moltz sounds like something between an eccentric and an old-fashioned Romantic, but whatever his methods, they seem to be working quite well, as nearly every major fashion magazine has embraced D.S. & Durga, and you can find the perfumes and colognes in small boutiques all across the country, not to mention J. Crew Men’s shops. They’ve collaborated with RODIN, Shipley & Halmos, JOYA Studio, BKLYN Dry Goods, and Anthropologie; Moltz keeps tight-lipped about two more that are coming up in 2013. The company is literally a mom-and-pop business, as the couple balance taking care of their firstborn son with the daily ins and outs of a small business, from boxing up orders to taking meetings with potential buyers. But D.S. & Durga also fit within the narrative of the Brooklyn artisanal revolution that picked up when it seemed like America was on the brink of economic collapse. Moltz is obsessed with his craft the way you hear Rick and Michael Mast discuss their chocolate, describing the science and technique that goes into what they make, and making sure to know where each ingredient comes from.
We finish taking in the exhibit in the sparsely laid out room. We’ve essentially walked through a hall of fame for scents, the brands that laid the groundwork for what Moltz now makes his living from. I mention how it’s funny that you don’t really think too much about what goes into creating a scent because, in most cases, it’s a bottle with a logo that tells you very little of what is actually inside. Moltz agrees as he takes one last whiff of one of the scents that he had been fixating on. “We’re doing something different,” he says as he begins to talk about how every scent tells a story, how much he and his wife put into every new fragrance, from the cologne or perfume itself to the packaging and the descriptions (“American sagebrush, flowering white thyme, & prairie switchgrass from the wild western territories. Perfect for robbing banks on horseback” for “Cowboy Grass”), and then stops for a second to collect himself. He then replies with what sounds like the greatest marketing slogan somebody can come up with for a D.I.Y. fragrance company operating out of Brooklyn: “That’s what these scents are meant to do. They are an everyday luxury that can really help a person to create their own world around them, which is Romanticism in the truest sense of the word.”
Images courtesy of D.S. & Durga | <urn:uuid:c0347787-2fe0-4ed9-ae96-b125c6a88a28> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.flavorwire.com/352833/perfume-genius-d-s-durgas-david-moltz-on-the-history-and-philosophy-of-scent | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.975844 | 982 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Born at Riva near Turin, Dominic was one of ten children of poor parents, a blacksmith and a seamstress. At the age of twelve he joined the famous school of John Bosco at Turin; under his guidance he seems to have quickly developed a spiritual maturity beyond his years. The wisdom and moderation of Bosco prevented Savio becoming either a fanatic or a prig. Under his direction he was outstanding for cheerfulness and friendliness to all, the exact observance of discipline and the provision of sound advice. Once he was rapt in prayer for six hours continuously. Another time he had a vision of a bishop ‘bringing light with a torch to the English people’. His health failed through tuberculosis, possibly aggravated by unsuitable treatment, and he died, apparently experiencing a vision of heaven, at the age of only fifteen. Soon afterwards John Bosco wrote his Life, which contributed substantially to his beatification in 1950 and canonization in 1954. As a child saint he could be compared to Aloysius Gonzaga or Maria Goretti. A few English churches and schools are dedicated to him. Feast: 9 March.
J. Bosco, The Life of Dominic Savio, tr. M. Russell (1934) and P. Aronica (1955);N.C.E., xii. 1104–5;B.L.S., iii. 88–91. | <urn:uuid:f909012b-394e-4c25-81ca-7776e4cf08cf> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110810105806798 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00227-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976402 | 288 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Write well. Write often. Edit wisely.
In honor of the arrival of the sixth season of Game of Thrones, I wanted to address a problem issue with the TV show. The creators and producers do a marvelous job—outstanding, actually—with most of the show’s elements. But timeline issues do exist. I want to focus on the time elements of Game of Thrones as a way to remind writers to maintain accurate timelines for their own stories and to convey time elements to the reader.
I haven’t yet read A Song of Ice and Fire (ASOIAF), the book series that Game of Thrones is based on. But I wonder if George R. R. Martin, author of ASOIAF, didn’t have problems with timelines in the books. It would certainly be easy and understandable for timeline errors—or just lapses with timeline markers—to find their way into a series that spans so many locations while dealing with so many, many characters over several years.
And yet, including time markers in most stories is quite simple to do. Remembering to include them and making time work properly for all events may prove difficult, but actually including time elements should be a basic part of every writer’s practice.
Create a story calendar for each of your stories. Whether you plot one out before you begin writing or you add details to it as you write, make yourself a calendar of story events.
Include all events that take place from page 1 to the final page and note events from the backstory as well.
Backstory events can include births, deaths, school graduation dates, weddings, arrests, and important meetings between characters or between a character and someone related to another character.
The same details can be included for events that take place during the story’s timeline, but you’ll likely want to include even more details from the unfolding story.
Include all noteworthy events and note which characters were present. Note which characters were not present and note which could not have been present.
Pay attention to overlapping events and keep a record of them so that you remember which event caused another or which events grew out of the same impetus.
Include time of day (and weather details) for each event. You wouldn’t want to report on the uncommonly early darkness that preceded or caused an afternoon event only to later have a character recall that she’d been sunbathing midday when the event took place. (Allowances for lying and faulty memories, of course.)
Keep the Reader Informed
Don’t make readers guess when an event is taking place or how much time has passed since another event. This is the major problem I have with the Game of Thrones timeline—I simply don’t know how much time passes between events.
The show’s producers purposely changed the age of some of the children for some events; I’m not quibbling with such choices. It’s the absence of time markers that has me trying to figure out what’s going on and when.
When a day passes between events, you have a certain feel about those few days. When a year passes, you wonder what else has happened during that period. You wonder what hasn’t been mentioned or explained. You wonder what characters have done or learned in that time period.
And when you don’t know the length of the time period, you likely have lots of questions. And find yourself spending way too much time on the time issue.
When time markers are included and they’re clear, readers can pay attention to the events and characters without trying to figure out how they fit together. Without time markers, readers lose one element that shows how events and characters fit together.
With the Game of Thrones TV show, it’s possible that I missed a time marker or two. In a book, we see the detail on the page and if we forgot what it said or read too fast, skimming, we can always go back to find the time marker.
Yes, we can forward and reverse through TV shows as well. But if you don’t know which episode to search, you could waste a lot of time.
And why should you have to search for such things? Time markers are a part of storytelling and should be included as a matter of course. They should be clear enough that they’re noted, at least subconsciously.
Types of Time Markers
Options for time markers are many and varied.
Event Related. Use birthdays or countdowns to an upcoming event to show how much time is passing. Use references to any event—past or future event—to remind characters and readers of clocks and calendars.
So if everyone is preparing for the town’s yearly festival, which takes place three weeks after the first announcement of it on page 4, readers will know that once the festival day arrives, three weeks have passed in story time. You could make additional references to the event two weeks, one week, and even one day before, and readers would have no trouble keeping up, no trouble places events into the context of their relation to the big festival.
Transitions. Transitions, short or long, are great tools for conveying the passage of time. So whether you say three hours later, one week after the ball, or exactly thirty-six hours after Nanette delivered her ultimatum—or you include three paragraphs about what happened since a particular character was last seen—readers gain a sense of the passing of time.
For long time periods between events or between scenes featuring a particular viewpoint character, provide enough details to convey the sense of time having passed. When a lot of time has passed—and presumably a lot of events in the life of your characters—a single sentence about three years going by probably won’t suffice. Readers won’t feel the passage of time with such a brief reference. They likely won’t feel the fullness of that much time having passed when they can’t fill in the gap with events.
Seasons. You can use seasons to easily mark time. The change from one season to the next—marked by mentions of temperature or weather or seasonal events such as holidays, the blooming of certain flowers, or the smell of the first wood burning in a fireplace when the weather goes cold—allows for a wide variety of time markers.
Even references to sports—professional or school teams—can relay a seasonal time marker. When you report that it’s baseball’s opening day in the U.S. or when sixteen-year-old Jason switches from cross country to indoor track, you’re including a time marker.
Harvest celebrations and monsoon season and a saint’s feast day are all seasonal time markers. And by simply mentioning them (if characters and readers are familiar with them), you’ve likely provided all the references to passing time that are necessary. In such cases, you wouldn’t also have to baldly report: three months after the drowning on the last day of summer . . .
Seasonal time markers aren’t too easy for Game of Thrones to handle since it’s always cold and snowy in the North and warm and sunny in some of the southern cities, but not all scenes take place where a season seems to be permanently fixed. Still, when you can’t use one means of conveying the passage of time, you need to find other ways.
You could go as far as having a child mark off calendar days as a lead-up to an anticipated event.
Clock Time. In any contemporary book, you can use actual clock-time markers freely. Everyone has a phone or iPad or other device with a clock on it. We have clocks in our cars and on our computers. Some of us even wear watches.
Clock time may not be important to all stories and therefore not as easily discerned in stories from some eras or locales. So rather than report a clock time, characters might refer to the movement of the sun. Or soldiers or a village’s night watchman might refer to the hour of the watch.
When you report time, you could have a character say what time it is by the clock, or you could show characters engaged in behavior that they typically perform at certain times.
You could show characters eating breakfast before the sun comes up.
You could have a character fighting rush-hour traffic, thus relaying that it’s late afternoon or early evening.
You could include a reference to characters watching a favorite TV show or running to pick up Chinese takeout before the restaurant closes for the night.
You could show a mom getting up to feed a baby at the proverbial 2 o’clock feeding but mention only the darkness and the fact that the mom had only been asleep for a couple of hours after having fallen asleep waiting for the weather report on the nightly newscast.
You could use kids getting on or off the bus as a time marker.
You can link any event to other events that happen at approximately the same time every day or on certain days. So you wouldn’t always have to mention clock time. If you mention events that have a regular time, you’re linking to clock time without having to mention the actual time.
Dateline. The actual clock time, however, might be a vital detail for your story. So if characters are faced with a countdown to some tragic event, consider including a dateline as a chapter subheading. There’s absolutely nothing wrong with including date or date and time as a subheading for some stories.
For international thrillers where characters criss-cross the globe or for suspense stories that feature a ticking clock, datelines may be necessary. Yet for many other stories, a dateline might get in the way and confuse rather than help readers.
Character Maturity. A child’s changing size, changes in the type of school a child attends (elementary, middle, high school, college), and the progression at a skill (playing the piano, speaking a foreign language, playing on a sports team) can all be indicators of the passage of time.
For adults, time markers could include a man or woman going gray or bald. The changing length of hair or a beard would also indicate the passing of time.
Objects. Even the condition of objects can reflect the passage of time. A home or car may deteriorate over time, allowing you to use references to their conditions as time markers. Wood exposed to the elements grows weathered, so you could use the condition of lawn furniture, a boat, or a beach house to show that time has passed.
The presence of certain types of bugs near a decomposing body can reveal the passage of time (CSI mined this time marker well.)
Even trash or mail or newspapers piling up can be time markers, can show how long it’s been since a character was around or was able to take care of maintenance.
Time and Distance
Time and distance make a great couple in fiction; references to distance can help pinpoint how much time has passed. So if characters and/or readers know how far apart locales are, they may be able to figure out how long a trip takes.
I say may because sometimes distance isn’t enough. We also need to know the mode of transportation and the typical speeds for that transportation method. We need to know what impediments might have slowed characters. One problem I have with Game of Thrones is that I never know how long it takes for characters to go from one city, village, or castle to another.
Are characters cranky, tired, and stinky because they’ve been traveling for months, or have they been on the road only three days? It’s often hard to tell on Game of Thrones. But in your stories, you could reveal passing time by showing your characters’ reactions to it. Children on a road trip—in the present or in some other era—may be excited for the first hour or two, maybe for the first day or week or two. But after two months on the road (or trail), children may lose interest in new sights. They may be cranky. They may whine. They may whine a lot.
One more way to indicate the passage of time (as well as the efficiency of communication methods) is to show the speed at which news or rumors move through the story world. News seems to travel impossibly quickly in Game of Thrones—characters in far flung areas of the world know who’s doing what and who recently died. Apparently communication channels in Martin’s world rival our current telecommunications for speed and accuracy.
Yes, there are some highly efficient spy networks in Game of Thrones. And they’ve got those ravens for passing messages. But still . . . How would Wildlings north of the wall learn that Ned Stark was dead? And why would they care?
And just how fast can ravens fly? They seem to be able to fly a thousand leagues in 10 or 12 hours. The TV show implied that Bran and Rickon dreamed that they saw their father in the crypt below Winterfell right after he died. The next day, a raven conveniently carried the message of Ned’s death to Winterfell. The timing of the arrival of the raven and the dreams seem to indicate that Ned had died when the boys dreamed about him and not days earlier. But if he’d just died, how could a raven have arrived so quickly over such a great distance?
When your characters find out about events, make sure you’ve allowed enough time for them to hear about such things given the setup and limitations of your story world.
And remember to consider how long some activities, including travel, take. In Game of Thrones, some characters seem to have the ability to travel thousands of miles in a month without benefit of motorized travel. Such inconsistencies in your stories will have readers assuming that locations are closer than they actually are or assuming that you’ve made a mistake.
Without accurate and frequent time markers, you could drive your readers mad wondering how long travel takes and just how much time passes between events.
And you definitely don’t want readers thinking that you’ve erred in your story world’s facts. Once they lose trust in the underpinnings of your world, they’re likely to start doubting story events. And then they’ve lost the suspension of disbelief. And then they stop reading your book.
Three major points related to time in fiction are inclusion, accuracy, and consistency. Include time and date markers. Include them more than once. And make sure to not only include accurate facts regarding time but ensure that your characters can achieve what you say they can during the time you give them. Ensure that time references match other story elements. And be consistent with time markers. Don’t include one in chapter 1, one in chapter 3, and then forget them for the balance of your story.
Include time markers—a variety of them—throughout the story. As you wouldn’t forget to identify the location of a scene or events, don’t forget to identify the time at which those events take place. If that means clock time, use clock time. But use references to events in the lives of your characters as well. Both kinds of time markers work, and both can be made to fit seamlessly into your stories in ways that won’t have readers scratching their heads and searching for information that you didn’t include. | <urn:uuid:628be705-4856-4259-8cfa-560fb8c8d337> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://theeditorsblog.net/2016/04/24/managing-days-and-time-lessons-from-tv/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00493-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959857 | 3,232 | 2.4375 | 2 |
Q Is the county authorized to remove cement placed into a drainage pipe by a landowner to divert water from his property and back onto the public roadway? Does the county have any other authority to prevent the landowner from further frustrating the drainage measures taken by the county?
A The county is authorized by Sections 19-5-92.1 and 65-7-7 to clear drainage ditches, and to assess the costs to the landowner that cause the blockage. Further, the county is authorized under Section 65-7-63 to pay damages to the landowner for any damage caused by the water draining from the public road to the landowner’s property. (Attorney General’s Opinion to Slover, dated March 20, 2012) | <urn:uuid:b1da99de-1483-49f8-aefe-e05b36447efd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www2.osa.ms.gov/forum/showthread.php?918-Is-the-county-authorized-to-remove-cement-placed-into-a-drainage-pipe-by-a-landowner&p=940 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00345-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957901 | 153 | 1.539063 | 2 |
While weak governments, corruption and poorly functioning administration continue to deny citizen participation in governance around the world, the international development community, civil society organizations (CSOs), justice sector actors and policy practitioners now have an opportunity to shine a light on these issues through the 2016 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
“Advocacy: Justice and the SDGs” is a step-by-step guide geared toward leveraging the SDGs to advocate for increased governance support and financing from governments. Click here to download.
For the first time, the SDGs contain explicit international commitments to strengthen governance and build strong, accountable institutions. In partnership with Namati, the International Legal Foundation, the Open Society Justice Initiative and the Transparency, Accountability and Participation network, the American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative (ABA ROLI) is delighted to announce the launch of its newest resource, "Advocacy: Justice and the SDGs”.
“Advocacy: Justice and the SDGs” is a step-by-step guide geared toward leveraging the SDGs to advocate for increased governance support and financing from governments. The guide introduces the SDGs and explains the central role good governance, citizen empowerment and participation play in their success, using case studies to illustrate this relationship. It also contains a number of tips and diagnostic tools, including ABA ROLI's rule of law assessment methodology, a gap analysis and solution tree, to help readers obtain data around country-specific governance issues. Ultimately, this guide will assist its users in developing advocacy strategies for reforms that will increase overall good governance and citizen empowerment and help hold their governments accountable to the SDGs and other international justice commitments.
In September 2015, world leaders came together to endorse and adopt the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which provides principles for good governance and strong and accountable institutions. Within the SDGs, Goal 16 calls on all countries to “promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development . . . and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels.” Five global targets under Goal 16 include key aspects of good governance: transparency, accountability, responsiveness and inclusive participation in the functioning of governments. Many of the other goals also contain governance elements. For example, Goal 5 commits to “achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls,” stating that reforms must be undertaken to “ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life.”
The U.N. Interagency Expert Group on Sustainable Development Goal Indicators has developed common global indicators, which will measure whether countries are making progress towards these governance targets. Global indicators will be an effective way to track progress and identify which regions and issues are failing to make progress. While a global indicator framework has its limits, monitoring progress at the national level will be especially vital and expected to include country-specific indicators created by governments and non-governmental sources.
As a result, CSOs already promoting good governance will play a critical role in the development of complementary national indicators to assess what is working and what is not in a country. They will also identify good practice solutions and proposals to strengthen institutions and citizen participation.
With support from the governments of Argentina, Indonesia and South Africa, the guide was officially launched in November 2016, in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Members of civil society and governments welcomed the guide with enthusiasm. On Feb. 15, 2017, at 9 a.m. EST, Namati, ABA ROLI and other partners plan to convene a range of experts from government and civil society to explore approaches to national implementation of SDG 16 and governance issues, and will showcase implementation efforts already underway. The event will also walk users through “Advocacy: Justice and the SDGs.” You can sign up free for the event here. | <urn:uuid:b59c769a-33ed-4e2d-a928-51e44f2329f6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.americanbar.org/advocacy/rule_of_law/newsroom_events/general_news/news-encouraging-good-governance-citizen-participation-0117/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.919882 | 792 | 2.359375 | 2 |
The recent news regarding Chris Evert’s ovarian cancer diagnosis was shocking for the many fans of her career as an elite-level athlete. Genetic testing led to the detection of this cancer, and Evert’s bravery in sharing her story offers a platform to create awareness for other families to explore the importance of examining their own family history of cancer.
Evert learned of her cancer diagnosis last month as she was undergoing a preventative hysterectomy with removal of ovaries and fallopian tubes. She shared that this procedure was scheduled after genetic tests found that she was at risk for ovarian cancer due to a BRCA1 mutation. Evert’s sister died from ovarian cancer in 2020. Her sister’s diagnosis is what prompted the Evert family to pursue genetic testing. Reports indicate that her sister initially did not have an actionable test result that would have been useful for her family members. However, advancements in genetic testing and in the understanding of her sister’s test result later confirmed an important gene variant for ovarian cancer, which allowed Evert to consider risk reduction.
As you read this story in the news, you may be wondering how you can apply the information to your own health and find out if you, or your family, are at risk for developing cancer. If you pursued genetic testing in the past, this may also prompt you to consider whether you need to get tested again now that technology has significantly evolved over the last few years. As a genetic counselor specializing in cancer who helps patients navigate testing and breaks down how test results can guide patients’ surveillance (monitoring of their health), here are some key factors to keep in mind when trying to understand how to move forward and explore your own risk.
How do I know if I should get tested?
One of the most frequent questions I get is whether or not genetic testing would be appropriate for a given family. All women with ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer or primary peritoneal carcinoma are candidates to pursue genetic testing, regardless of their age at the time of diagnosis or their family history. Approximately 25% of these women will have an underlying inherited risk factor that could be used to guide their treatment decisions. Testing can also offer an opportunity for their relatives to pursue extra surveillance in hopes of detecting cancer at an early stage, or possibly preventing a cancer.
Genetic testing is also recommended for all individuals with pancreatic cancer, metastatic breast cancer, triple negative breast cancer, male breast cancer or metastatic prostate cancer, regardless of their age at diagnosis or their family history. The table below highlights some common genetic testing criteria.
|Three or more of the same cancers in one branch of the family or cancers that occur in a pattern (breast, ovarian, prostate, pancreatic, colon, uterine)
|Early age of onset (50 years or under for breast, colon, uterine)
|Triple negative breast cancer at any age
|Ovarian cancer, fallopian tube, primary peritoneal cancer
|More than one primary cancer diagnosis in the same person
|Metastatic breast cancer
|Male breast cancer
|Metastatic prostate cancer
Do I need to look at disease history on both sides of my family?
It is important to look at the cancer history on both sides of your family. Emphasis is often placed on the maternal branch (mother’s side) of the family when considering “female-related” cancers such as breast, ovarian, uterine and fallopian tube cancers. However, half of families with an inherited risk factor had that risk factor come from the paternal branch (father’s side) of the family. Include the men in your family in conversations about your family’s history of cancer and genetic testing results, as men also have an increased chance of developing cancer with the “breast cancer” genes. Since men with a BRCA gene mutation may have an increased chance of developing breast and/or prostate cancer, they may use the results of the test to determine the age that they should start surveillance and how often to pursue it. They may also have a daughter or granddaughter who would benefit from the information.
I had genetic testing a long time ago. Do I need to do it again?
We used to think that testing only needed to be completed once over a lifetime, but that is no longer true. Testing again can have value as the technology has changed over time and may identify mutations that were missed on prior tests due to technological limitations. In addition, new genes could be identified that may be useful to consider. A genetic counselor can review your prior test results to determine if there are updates that would be beneficial to consider, either due to new technology or additional knowledge about relevant genes that were not previously evaluated.
Can the interpretation of test results change over time?
Yes. It is possible that an initial test was negative due to limitations of the technology, or that the relevant gene was not included on the test at the time you were tested. For example, a test of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes may have been negative in 2005; however, the newer testing technology could potentially identify a mutation in the same genes today. In this case both test results accurately reflected what the technology could and could not find at the time. Other times, the initial test was negative because a different gene was involved, one that was not included on the prior test, but is included on the newer test.
When should I consider updating my genetic test?
Now that genetic test results can be used to tailor treatment decisions, as well as tailor surveillance and risk reduction options for individuals and their relatives, it is important to know when to get genetic testing done. It would be reasonable to contact a genetic counselor if:
- There is a change in your personal or family history, meaning a new cancer was diagnosed
- Doctors are looking for information to aid in treatment decisions
- A number of years have passed since your last genetic testing. A genetic counselor can help you determine if your prior testing is still current, if there have been enough changes in the technology that would make it worth pursuing updated testing, or if it would be reasonable to evaluate the newer genes based on the data in comparison to your family history
As people move through different life phases and approach the ages at which relatives developed cancer, the decision to pursue genetic testing may take on greater importance.
Over the past 25 years, genetic testing has advanced rapidly, and it is now engrained into routine oncology care. Not all tests, however, are equal in quality, despite having similar genes listed on the test result or having similar names. It is important to work with a genetic counselor to ensure the test you select is the most appropriate one for you and your family.
Genetic counselors are a useful resource to stay current on testing technology and to understand how test result data may be used to guide discussions with your health care providers. As the recent news about Chris Evert shows, pursuing renewed genetic testing can be an important step in early detection of potential health issues. If you have tested in the past or wonder if you would be a candidate to pursue testing now, you can locate a genetic counselor at findageneticcounselor.org.
Joy Larsen Haidle, MS, LGC is a past-president of the National Society of Genetic Counselors and a genetic counselor at the North Memorial Health Cancer Center in Minneapolis.
Back to Resources | <urn:uuid:b1bc2ae4-c9c3-4df3-b2a6-05a18a5ac870> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aboutgeneticcounselors.org/Resources-to-Help-You/Post/genetic-testing-led-to-chris-evert-discovering-her-cancer-diagnosis-heres-what-you-should-know-about-these-tests | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.965262 | 1,556 | 2.234375 | 2 |
RSNA 2020 Trending Topics
Pediatric neuroradiology and fetal neuroimaging remain topics of interest for this subspecialty, as well as topics featuring AI and DL for disease outcomes.
The two Case-Based Review of Pediatric Radiology sessions review pediatric pulmonary, mediastinal, vascular and musculoskeletal disorders. The second session focuses on hepatobiliary, renal, gastrointestinal and genital disorders.
There are several pediatric sessions on US and one on pediatric body CT. Essentials of Pediatric Imaging focuses on the chest, abdomen, musculoskeletal and head and neck.
A session on pediatric chest/cardiovascular imaging highlights the aortic arch, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary vein and lung anomalies.
A session on pediatric emergencies focuses on airway, adnexal and testicular emergencies.
Look for education exhibit topics on pediatric MRI and CT optimization, research related to the pediatric brain, pelvis and musculoskeletal system, dual-energy CT (DECT) for pediatric trauma and pediatric head and neck lumps.
View more RSNA 2020 educational and scientific programming at RSNA.org/RSNA-2020-Program. | <urn:uuid:c715b692-1f07-4b4e-a758-ec9a592a406e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rsna.org/news/2020/October/RSNA-2020-pediatric-radiology | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.84089 | 246 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Pluto was discovered in January of 1930, a tiny speck on a photographic plate. It was the most distant world humans had ever seen. Decades later, even the powerful Hubble Space Telescope struggled to get a good look at the dwarf planet — the Hubble image of Pluto is just a sickly yellow smudge.
So when astronomers set out to search for planets around other stars (a.k.a. exoplanets), they knew it wouldn’t be easy. Our closest neighbor, a little red dwarf named Proxima Centauri, is 7,000 times further away from us than Pluto. Any planets in orbit around it would likely get lost in the glare of bright starlight.
“Trying to see an earthlike planet across interstellar distances,” writes astrophysicist Adam Frank, “would be like looking from New York City to AT&T Park in San Francisco, where the Giants play, and making out a firefly next to one of the stadium spotlights.”
“To detect or study an exoplanet,” says Sara Seager, a planet-hunting astrophysicist at MIT, “we have to work with the star.”
Astronomers started monitoring stars for tiny changes that could hint at the presence of one or more planets. Early efforts focused on the search for a wobble. The pull of a planet’s gravity causes a star to circle their mutual center of gravity, and from our vantage point the star seems to swing back and forth. In 1995, a Swiss team picked up the signature of just such a wobble in the starlight from a yellow dwarf in the Pegasus constellation. They had found 51 Pegasi b: the first exoplanet around a sun-like star.
Over the next few decades, astrophysicists honed a whole range of planet-hunting tools. They learned to spot the way planets can change the shape of their stars, how a planet’s gravity can bend light, and the periodic drop in brightness when a planet passes between its star and Earth. Telescopes have become more precise and powerful, and computers have become better at sifting out signal from noise. Today, we’re closing in on 5,000 known exoplanets.
Fifty years ago, astronomers had no idea what percentage of stars had planets. A common educated guess was 20 percent, but for all we knew it could have been zero. But based on what we’ve seen since, it seems possible that every star has at least one planetary companion.
Now that we know exoplanets exist, it’s time to learn more about them. What are they made of? How did they form? And, most tantalizing, could they harbor life? We’re like sailors who have spotted a tiny rise of land on the horizon. Now we want to study this new island’s geology and biology and make contact with any inhabitants … but we have to do it all from aboard our ship, floating trillions of miles out at sea.
This video is presented by the Center for Matter at Atomic Pressures (CMAP) at the University of Rochester, a National Science Foundation (NSF) Physics Frontier Center, Award PHY-2020249.
Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the National Science Foundation.
You can find this video and all of Vox’s videos on YouTube. | <urn:uuid:80a31224-6613-4160-bc81-2392028d1b89> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://newsbookshelf.com/how-to-find-a-planet/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.952724 | 727 | 4.125 | 4 |
Woot, woot – not long to go! Now you are 36 weeks pregnant, you might be finishing up at work this week for a well-earned break before baby arrives. Just make sure you’re resting more than nesting!
36 weeks pregnant – development guide
From this point, appointments with your healthcare provider will be weekly. Your weight gain will probably only be about 500 grams a week.
With only a few weeks until your baby is due to arrive, most working women give up work or go on maternity leave about now. You may also find that you have an insatiable desire to clean and tidy up the house. This is called nesting and is totally normal… even for those who have not been very domesticated prior to pregnancy! Just remember to be safe with cleaning chemicals and don’t go climbing any ladders or lifting anything heavy.
Most babies are now in position for birth, with their head down towards the birth canal. A small percentage may be breech, with their bottoms or their feet first. You may even feel pressure on the pelvic bones as your baby’s head engages. You may feel a grating sensation as the head moves and rubs against your bones. This won’t harm the baby as the skull is still soft enough to change shape as necessary to travel through the birth canal at full term. On the upside, you may find your breathing is easier now that the baby has dropped.
3 things to do now you’re 36 weeks pregnant
Talk to family and friends about visiting you and your baby
Family and friends will want to meet your new baby and congratulate you. And having them around can be extremely valuable during this time – they can support you and your partner, help with small jobs so you can focus on the baby and reassure you when you’re worried or concerned. Please accept their help – if you ever in your life need an extra pair of hands it is now – it takes a village to raise a mother too! If you feel overwhelmed by visitors however remember you can say no. Maybe share this article on 8 ways you can help a new mum with friends and family.
Have a hair cut and maybe a mani-pedi too!
Head off to the salon to get a hair cut before baby is born or indulge in a pedicure to have the toenails painted, despite possibly not having seen your toes for quite a few weeks now. A pamper session is not only well-earned, it is also a good chance to recharge your batteries for the upcoming birth and newborn baby you’re soon to meet.
Have a pregnancy belly cast made
If you’re interested in preserving this special time in your life you can look into have a pregnancy belly cast made. Search our directory for local business who specialise in pregnancy belly casts.
This content is meant as a guide only. If you find anything worrying or unsettling, or experience any bleeding or spotting, contact your local GP, obstetrician or an emergency healthcare provider immediately. | <urn:uuid:c57b8623-cbd4-4091-8349-7e09f3b8e68f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bubhub.com.au/hubbub-blog/36-weeks-pregnant-week-by-week-pregnancy-calendar/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00173-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96117 | 625 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Leadership Lab: Intellectual Property Series
This series of essays can help the IT manager learn how to identify and protect intellectual property and intangible assets.
Other Related Articles in Leadership Lab: Intellectual Property Series
What Is a Patent?
Patents are tools that grant legal intellectual property protection to inventions, an object, process, or technique that is novel.
According to the US Patent Trade Office, "A patent for an invention is the grant of a property right to the inventor, issued by the Patent and Trademark Office. The term of a new patent is 20 years from the date on which the application for the patent was filed in the United States or, in special cases, from the date an earlier related application was filed, subject to the payment of maintenance fees. US patent grants are effective only within the US, US territories, and US possessions. The right conferred by the patent grant is, in the language of the statute and of the grant itself, 'the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, or selling' the invention in the United States or 'importing' the invention into the United States. What is granted is not the right to make, use, offer for sale, sell or import, but the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, selling or importing the invention. Once a patent is issued, the patentee must enforce the patent without aid of the USPTO.
There are three types of patents:
1) Utility patents may be granted to anyone who invents or discovers any new and useful process, machine, article of manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof;
2) Design patents may be granted to anyone who invents a new, original, and ornamental design for an article of manufacture; and
3) Plant patents may be granted to anyone who invents or discovers and asexually reproduces any distinct and new variety of plant."
Once again, we see this concept of a limited power of monopoly. The degree of uniqueness (novelty) is the key to having a patent application approved. The degree to which the invention mimics other objects, processes or techniques is called prior art. If your organization is fairly large, you may have a patent division. If you work for a smaller organization and wish to protect your intellectual property with a patent, expect to spend a considerable amount of money on an experienced patent attorney when applying for a patent. Obtaining a patent can be a complex, lengthy process.
The dialog between the inventor and the patent attorney is crucial. The patent attorney must describe the essentials of the invention in such a way that if the patent application succeeds and the patent is granted, it will be clear if an infringement on the patent occurs. One of the biggest challenges in the patent process is to be approved for all of the protection the invention deserves. Sometimes the initial application is too specific or narrow in scope. Then, to improve on the application, continuing applications are filed.
In November 2007, the US Patent Trade Office (USPTO) put new rules into effect for continuing applications. Part of the rule change was to restrict continuing patent applications because the system could be abused by acquiring too broad a protection. The poster child for that was Jerome Lemelson, who managed to corral the bar code reader even though bar codes were in use in business (prior art). "Much of the criticism of Jerome Lemelson and his patents has stemmed from the controversial, secretive methods by which he obtained some of them. Applying for many of these patents around 1960, Lemelson kept his applications alive for approximately 30 years by submitting a series of applications, and resubmissions, to the U.S. Patent Office."
In 2011, the USA changed from first to invent to first inventor to file. This puts us in line with every other nation in the world, but it does increase the importance of securing sensitive information related to a pending patent. So these dates are very important both the filing date and also the "priority date, sometimes called the "effective filing date", is the date used to establish the novelty and/or obviousness of a particular invention relative to other art."
How Do We Know if Something is Patented?
U.S Patent and Trademark Office search tools can be found at http://www.uspto.gov/main/profiles/acadres.htm. You can also search for international patents using WIPO's web page, http://www.wipo.int/patentscope/en/. The PCT, while signed by a number of nations, doesn't give the exact same protection all over the world. You can search for a patent in Australia using: http://www.ipaustralia.gov.au/.
The primary responsibility of the security leader is to protect the information from the time it is invented until the application is filed. In addition, information security would need to ensure any ongoing dialog between the inventor and the patent attorney is protected. If your organization does not have internal patent attorneys, ensure that the email and voice communications between inventor and attorney are encrypted. In addition, it would be wise to assist the attorney with tools to encrypt the material on their hard drive. Additionally, if your organization has an intellectual property incident handling capability, you may be able to detect and report infringing patents.
References: Links valid as of December 3, 2012 | <urn:uuid:429dee1e-4be5-4d96-bc5c-241ebad640eb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.sans.edu/cyber-research/leadership-laboratory/article/ip-patent | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00482-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.910736 | 1,109 | 2.78125 | 3 |
From gourmet chefs to fashion houses showcasing muslin suits on the catwalk, Pakistan will unveil a trade fair in New Delhi on Thursday to reveal a soft side to traditional foe India as commercial ties between the nuclear-armed rivals begin to bloom.
Despite a combined population of 1.4 billion people and thousands of years of shared history and culture, cross-border trade between India and Pakistan is paltry - a legacy of three wars since their independence from Britain in 1947.
The show opens days after Pakistan President Asif Ali Zardari made the first visit by a Pakistani head of state to India in seven years and it serves as the backdrop to talks between their trade ministers, who will open a border trade post on Friday.
Liberalising heavily restricted trade and investment flows has become a driver of peace efforts between the neighbours whose fragile relations were shattered when Pakistani militants attacked the Indian city of Mumbai 2008.
"Terrorism should not take business hostage," said Tariq Puri, head of the trade development authority of Pakistan which is organising the trade fair. "We are going to give you the soft image of Pakistan," he told Reuters in an interview.
"When you will enter the hall, you will feel good. You'll say 'OK, we had a totally different view about Pakistan, but here you see Pakistan so contemporary, so fashionable, so design-oriented'."
Time for tea
Both sides have trumpeted the improving atmospherics since November 2008, when 10 Pakistani militants went on a killing spree in India's financial hub of Mumbai that left 166 dead and sparked fears of Indian military reprisals.
Ahead of the fair, an Indian government official talked proudly to Reuters of how India had granted visas to more than 600 Pakistanis to showcase anything from furniture to kebabs at the show, which runs until Saturday.
Among the expected visitors are tycoon Mian Mansha, listed by Forbes magazine as Pakistan's first billionaire, as well as Pakistani singers and film stars. "A year ago, I would not have imagined that we would do such a big show in India," Puri said.
Less than 1% of India's merchandise exports are sold to Pakistan, in terms of dollar value, but in September the two sides pledged to double bilateral trade within three years to about $6 billion.
India welcomed a decision by Zardari's government, in the face of some domestic opposition, to grant India most favoured nation status in November, which ended restrictions that require most products to move via a third country.
Pakistan expects its neighbour to reciprocate by liberalising its visa regime for Pakistanis, as well as by slashing the bureaucratic red tape that strangles the sale of products from textiles to cement.
On Friday, trade minister Anand Sharma and his Pakistani counterpart, Makhdoom Amin Fahim, will be on their common border at Wagah, between the Pakistani city of Lahore and India's Amritsar, to open a trade post.
This week, businesses are also hoping to strike a clutch of deals including one on Indian machinery to extract rice bran oil and another for India to export tea to Pakistan. For years, Kenya has been Pakistan's main supplier of tea.
Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, whose government has been rocked by corruption scandals, has targeted lasting peace with Pakistan as a cornerstone of his political legacy.
But decades-old disputes, especially the fate of the divided Kashmir region, cast a shadow over talks. During his meeting with Zardari on Sunday, Singh pressed him to bring to justice the perpetrators of the Mumbai attacks.
Singh raised the continued freedom of Hafiz Saeed, the Pakistani Islamist suspected of masterminding the attack. India is furious Pakistan has not detained Saeed, despite handing over evidence against him. | <urn:uuid:7980ee4b-6950-4e95-9b7a-03edc93e718c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.hindustantimes.com/world/pakistan-reveals-soft-side-to-india-with-trade-show/story-MJlRsIS1L9ycyPnCQXnunN.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00034-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969584 | 775 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Michele Imperiali Simeana, IV Principe di Francavilla
|Also Known As:||"VII Marchese di Oria"|
|Birthplace:||Naples, Naples, Campania, Italy|
|Death:||Died in Naples, Naples, Campania, Italy|
Son of Andrea Imperiali Simeana, Principe di Montafia and Anna Caracciolo
|Managed by:||George J. Homs|
About Michele Imperiali Simeana, IV. principe di Francavilla
Golden Fleece - Knights: Spanish Branch
- He was awarded the titles of Prince of Francavilla IV and VII Marquis of Oria.
- He was born to Anna and Andrea Caracciolo and married Eleanor Bourgeois, great-grandson of Paul V.
- Francavilla remembers him as a benefactor by the remarkable contribution made during the reconstruction of the Mother Church, severely damaged by the earthquake of 1743. From various documents of the costs is believed to have participated, offering more than half the amount needed . He was also a great patron and paid to writers and artists would open schools and shops all over the feud.
- From 1755 and for the next 22 years he lived in Naples, staying in the Palace Cellammare.
- The historian Benedetto Croce describes it as follows:
- "... This rich and noble lord, feudal lord in the United Kingdom and beyond, decorated major titles and offices, great and generous, became the center of high society Naples "
- He died with no son and heir named in the third degree cousin Vincenzo Imperiali, Marquis of Latimer.
- In the castle of Francavilla Fontana epigraph which commemorates him.
- The prince had in Naples: a villa at Portici Granatello (now Villa Sparrow) and a casino in Borgo Saint Lucia (now Hotel Washington).
- Updated from MyHeritage Family Trees via wife Eleonora 7. Principe Di Francavilla (born Borghese) by SmartCopy: Nov 28 2014, 23:03:32 UTC | <urn:uuid:07ef7660-773b-4c09-8d80-cc47e7aeec11> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.geni.com/people/Michele-Imperiali-Simeana-IV-principe-di-Francavilla/6000000015818304416 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00408-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927175 | 449 | 1.507813 | 2 |
One of the most egregious outcomes of marijuana prohibition is that many sick people cannot legally access the medicine that works best for them. The Drug Policy Alliance (DPA) is committed to legalizing marijuana at the state and federal levels and improving medical marijuana programs to better protect patients’ rights and access to medicine.
Current Medical Marijuana Laws in the U.S.
2016 Initiative Results
Election Day was a watershed moment for the movement to end marijuana prohibition — no other reform was approved by so many citizens on so many ballots this year. Legalization initiatives prevailed in four out of five states, and medical marijuana initiatives prevailed in all four states.
But the prospect of Donald Trump as our next president is profoundly troubling. While Trump has repeatedly pledged to respect state marijuana laws, his rhetoric on broader criminal justice issues has been largely unfriendly.
Read more about the impact of the 2016 election on our blog.
The CARERS Act is the first-ever bill in the U.S. Senate to let states legalize marijuana for medical use. Tell your Senators to legalize medical marijuana nationwide!
Why Should We Legalize?
Provide effective medicine
For many seriously ill people, medical marijuana is the only medicine that relieves their pain and suffering, or treats symptoms of their medical condition, without debilitating side effects.
Marijuana has been shown to alleviate symptoms of a huge variety of serious medical conditions including cancer, AIDS, and glaucoma, and is often an effective alternative to synthetic painkillers.
Marijuana prohibition has thwarted research within the United States to uncover the best and most effective uses for marijuana as a medicine. Legalization would allow research into marijuana’s medical benefits to move forward.
Why Are CBD-Focused Laws Not Enough?
The DEA: Four Decades of Impeding and Rejecting Science
Rapidly Building Republican Support for Bi-Partisan Bill Comes as Republican Senator Phil Boyle Introduces Inadequate Measure
Patients, Families and Advocates Respond: Good that Boyle Supports Medical Marijuana; Now He Can Support Patients by Endorsing the Compassionate Care Act
New York : Today in a meeting with patients, caregivers and providers, Senator John Bonacic (R-Middletown) announced his support for the comprehensive medical marijuana bill known as the Compassionate Care Act ( S.4406-B (Savino) / A.3567-A (Gottfried)). With this announcement, Bonacic becomes the fifth Republican state senator to publicly endorse the bill, which would allow eligible patients with serious and debilitating conditions to access medical marijuana under the supervision of their healthcare provider.
Attendees Include Erie County GOP Chair Nick Langworthy, Who is Calling on GOP to Support Compassionate Care Act
Patients, Families and Advocates Applaud Langworthy and Encourage GOP Leaders to Follow
New York : As Republicans gather in Westchester this week to nominate their statewide ticket, they should congratulate Erie County Republican Chairman Nick Langworthy for supporting the Compassionate Care Act. Chairman. Langworthy’s leadership on medical marijuana should make it easier for other Party leaders to do the right thing, for the right reasons.
Advocacy Day Follows Announcement of Growing List of Supporters for the Compassionate Care Act, including The New York Academy of Medicine
Providers, Patients and Family Members from Across NY Available for Interviews
Albany – Today, more than a dozen patients, families, caregivers and healthcare providers from across New York are gathering in Albany to press for passage of a comprehensive medical marijuana bill known as the Compassionate Care Act. The advocacy day follows a recent wave of growing support for the measure, including from The New York Academy of Medicine.
Veterans With PTSD Who Use Legal Marijuana in Colorado Can Lose VA Medical Care and Benefits
Legislation to Add PTSD As Qualifying Condition for Medical Marijuana Rejected By Colorado Legislature
DENVER - Yesterday, a bill failed to pass the Colorado House State, Veterans, and Military Affairs committee that would have added post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to the list of ‘debilitating medical conditions’ that qualify for a medical marijuana recommendation. This timely bill (HB14-1364) would have addressed a major gap in access to medical marijuana in Colorado for veterans and all those suffering from PTSD.
Compassionate Care Act Would Establish Tightly Controlled and Regulated Access to Medical Marijuana to Relieve Suffering in New York
Patients and Family Members from Across NY Available for Interviews
Albany – Today, the first day the legislature resumes it session following their spring recess, nearly two dozen patients, families, caregivers and healthcare providers from across New York will gather in Albany to press for passage of a comprehensive medical marijuana bill known as the Compassionate Care Act.
If Approved by the Dept. of Health, New Mexico Would Join 13 Other States Where Patients Can Access Medical Cannabis for Alzheimer’s Disease
SANTA FE—Yesterday, the New Mexico Medical Cannabis Program’s Medical Advisory Board voted unanimously to add neurodegenerative dementia including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) to the list of medical conditions eligible for the Medical Cannabis Program. The Secretary of Health will have the final decision. Medical cannabis is currently available to Alzheimer’s patients in thirteen of the states that authorize its use.
Drug Policy Alliance: Rescheduling Is Small Step In Right Direction, But Wouldn’t Protect People From Being Arrested or Punished for Marijuana Possession
DPA Supports De-Scheduling Marijuana and Legally Regulating It
Attorney General Eric Holder said Friday that the Obama administration would be willing to work with Congress if lawmakers want to reschedule marijuana.
Re-categorizing marijuana would not legalize the drug under federal law, but it could ease restrictions on research into marijuana's medical benefits and allow marijuana businesses to take tax deductions.
Clinical Trial for Veterans with PTSD Has Already Obtained Approval from U.S. Food and Drug Administration, U. Arizona Institutional Review Board, and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Wednesday, April 2: Veterans, Military Family Members and Supporters to Rally at Wesley Bolin Memorial Plaza
After 22 years of hard-fought efforts, the non-profit pharmaceutical company MAPS has finally obtained approval from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) for a FDA clinical trial to examine the medical safety and efficacy of marijuana. The trial would study military veterans suffering from treatment-resistant post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Yet the study’s ability to receive Arizona state funding is in jeopardy due to State Senator Kimberly Yee.
While Assembly Included Compassionate Care Act in Budget Proposal, the Senate and Governor Failed to Act
Advocates: To Alleviate Patient Suffering in New York, State Senate Must Immediately Bring Compassionate Care Act to Floor for a Vote
Albany – On Saturday, Governor Cuomo, Speaker Sheldon Silver, and Senate Co-Presidents Dean Skelos and Jeffrey Klein announced that they had reach a budget agreement, but the deal excluded the Compassionate Care Act, a bill that would allow seriously ill New Yorkers access to medical marijuana under the supervision of their healthcare provider. The Assembly had included the proposal as part of their one-house budget bill, but the Senate and Governor refused to include the bill in the final budget.
Dozens of Patients, Caregivers, Providers and Faith Leaders Travel from Across the State to Demand Passage of Compassionate Care Act
Advocates Call on New York Senate Leaders to Stop Delays and Allow a Vote to Stop the Needless Suffering of Sick New Yorkers
NOTE: Likely press conference today at 2:30 outside the LCA with Faith Leaders, Patients, Healthcare Providers and Families. | <urn:uuid:81bb380e-01b1-47e5-9bf9-8666b9e08879> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.drugpolicy.org/taxonomy/term/30/marijuana-legalization-and-regulation?page=12 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00037-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.929984 | 1,606 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Malabsorption is the term for impaired absorption of nutrients from food in the gut. Most absorption occurs within the intestines but the other parts of the gut (gastrointestinal tract) play important roles in digestion which prepares the food for absorption.
Malabsorption often results in deficiencies and the signs and symptoms that may arise are due to this lack of specific nutrients within the body. Other clinical features may not be related to deficiency but are a part of the causative disease or disorder that results in malabsorption.
How does a malabsorption disorder occur?
Pathophysiology of Malabsorption
There are a number of causes of malabsorption and this may be due to disorders affecting the gut itself or other diseases that contribute to impaired nutrient absorption.
Malabsorption may occur due to one of the following processes :
Impaired Digestion (Maldigestion)
In this process, the food is not broken down sufficiently to allow for absorption within the small intestines Digestion is a combination of mechanical and chemical processes. Mechanical digestion involves the breaking of the food physically (example : action of teeth, churning in the stomach). Chemical digestion involves the digestive enzymes which are secreted in the mouth, stomach and small intestine.
Any impairment in the structures or compounds for mechanical and/or chemical digestion (digestive enzymes) affect the overall digestive process. The intestinal contents are therefore not sufficiently broken down to be absorbed into the bloodstream.
- Deficiency of pancreatic enzymes or bile may impair hydrolysis and solubilization (chemical digestion).
- Gastric bypass surgery can impair the stomach muscles and affect the churning of food (mechanical digestion).
Impaired Absorption (Malabsorption)
Most nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine. The anatomical characteristics (surface area and permeability) of the small intestine have developed to carry out of the process of absorption. If the surface area or permeability of the epithelium lining the inside of the intestine is affected then nutrients cannot enter the cells and be transported by the bloodstream.
- Surgical removal (resection) of the small intestine decreases the surface area for nutrient absorption.
- Inflammatory bowel disease causes swelling of the intestinal mucosa which reduces the surface area created by the villi and impairs nutrient transport into the bloodstream.
Lymphatic Obstruction (Blockage)
Any blockage affecting the lymphatic drainage will hamper the uptake of lipids (fats) by the lacteals and the subsequent transport of these nutrients. In addition, the lymphatic obstruction results in an increased pressure within the lacteals. This will cause it to “leak” proteins into the intestinal lumen which is known as protein-losing enteropathy secondary to lymphatic obstruction.
Signs and Symptoms of Malabsorption
- Chronic diarrhea (>3 stools per day, >200g/200ml of stool per day persisting for more than 30 days) although normal bowel movements and patterns may be present in some cases.
- The diarrhea is often watery and of a large volume typical of diarrhea due to small bowel disturbances.
- It may be pale with an offensive odor.
- ‘Floaters’ – stools float in the toilet water (steatorrhea).
- Undigested food may be seen in the stools.
- Borborygmi – loud gastrointestinal noises (rumbling, growling).
- Intestinal cramps.
- Abdominal distension.
- Unintentional weight loss – failure to thrive (FTT) in children.
The clinical features of malabsorption (signs and symptoms of deficiencies) may cause additional signs and symptoms that are not mentioned above. | <urn:uuid:0638bd21-922b-4537-918e-6584dc5a0ba7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.healthhype.com/what-is-malabsorption-poor-nutrient-absorption-symptoms.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00300-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.88859 | 771 | 3.890625 | 4 |
World-renowned primatologist Dr. Jane Goodall has dedicated her life to the protection of wild chimpanzees and their African habitats, which are dwindling due to man-made threats. Right now she’s getting some welcome publicity and financial help in her efforts from Disneynature, which through April 26 is donating 20 cents from each ticket sale for the new documentary “Chimpanzee” to the Jane Goodall Institute, headquartered in Gombe National Park in Tanzania.
We spoke to her about the promotional partnership and what she’s doing to foster chimpanzee conservation.
MNN: How did you become involved with “Chimpanzee?”
Jane Goodall: It started in Paris, where the Jane Goodall Institute has a branch and Disneynature has its headquarters. We’ve had a long relationship with Disney, with the animal kingdom. They used our videographer. But I had nothing to do with the production. I’ve never been to Ivory Coast. Hopefully, it will raise awareness about chimps, which down the line will lead to increased membership for us and some of this can be put into the movie DVD — we’re working on that right now. It’s a win-win-win situation because with my articles, books, and television I’ve certainly created a lot of awareness about chimps, and that will encourage people to go to see the film, which will benefit us and chimps will benefit too.
The story follows an orphaned chimp that’s adopted by an adult male. Is this common?
No. They were filming the baby in the wild with the mum, That was the idea. That was going to be the whole film, making people engaged with little Oscar. Then his mother dies and he has no older brother or sister who would have adopted him. Then, in front of their eyes, the alpha male adopted him. Is that normal? No, it certainly isn’t. We’ve never had anything like that at Gombe.
What are the biggest threats to chimpanzees today and what are you doing to help?
The biggest threats vary. In central Africa, it’s the bush meat trade, the commercial hunting of wild animals for food, made possible by the roads built by logging companies. It’s very unsustainable. Chimps are part of this bush meat trade, There is some shooting of mothers to take babies to sell them for entertainment or tourists who feel sorry for them or send them off to places that want them for circuses and things. That is a threat, not nearly as big as bush meat, though. Then there is simple habitat destruction. The human population is growing. What we’re doing in the bush meat trade countries is education, developing our youth program, Roots & Shoots, trying to help people understand things that they never had exposure to before. It’s now in 130 countries and very strong, of course, where we work in Africa but also across the U.S. and in China, North America, Asia and Europe.
Around Gombe the threat is definitely habitat destruction. We’re working with the villagers living around reserved areas or the wild forest, helping them to improve their lives because there are more people than the land can support, and they were struggling to survive. When you’re struggling to survive and the land has lost its fertility from over-farming, what do you do? You cut down more trees. So we work to help them find environmentally sustainable projects. We offer women micro-credit opportunities — they can take out tiny loans for environmentally sustainable projects. We provide as many scholarships as we can afford for girls to keep them in school, because all around the world, as women’s education increases family size drops. We provide family planning information, and now the villagers are so happy that we’re helping them to help themselves. That may have turned around and may put land aside around tiny Gombe National Park with reforestation. Trees are already 30 feet high. There is a leafy corridor stretching south toward other remnant chimp groups so our chimps will no longer be trapped as they are at present. It’s good for everybody — for chimps, for the environment, for people.
How many chimps are in Gombe now?
154, of which half are fully adult now. They’re still coming in, so the re-education program is really important and the support from the Disney film goes to that whole operation. We’re trying to get the chimps into a much bigger space on an island where it’s safer for them and the human staff. We want to put them on these islands in the river and we’re working now on the infrastructure, which is very expensive.
What can people do to help?
We would love them to become members of the institute, take out a guardianship, which helps us with our sanctuary for orphaned chimpanzees in Congo, which is expensive. You know, the government will confiscate the babies but then they have to be looked after, and it’s expensive.
How will you celebrate Earth Day this year?
I’m not sure where I’ll be. I spend 300 days on the road. I try to make every day an Earth Day. Earth Day says something, it’s important, but we really need to realize that we shouldn’t just do these things on Earth Day, we shouldn’t think about the planet on only Earth Day. We should take it with us.
See a clip of Goodall's recent appearance on "The Daily Show with Jon Stewart" below.
Also on MNN: | <urn:uuid:4e5404cc-9ec9-40e5-98c1-e4685880c090> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/animals/stories/new-disney-movie-helps-jane-goodall-save-chimpanzees | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00528-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97395 | 1,189 | 2.046875 | 2 |
The Evimetry Wirespeed system enables remote live analysis using your existing forensic toolkit. In doing so, a partial physical image is created. Analysis activity drives the partial acquisition process, which in-turn results in an increasingly complete physical disk image. Acquisition may be incrementally widened to categories of evidence, such as Windows Registries, Log Files, Office documents, Allocated, and all of disk.
An important aspect in balancing live analysis with bulk acquisition is interactive latency (liveness). Unlike any other forensic system, live analysis activities are prioritised over bulk activities, enabling effective live analysis with minimal perceptual delay.
A video demonstrating liveness in partial live acquisition using Evimetry Wirespeed & EnCase is available on the Evimetry Website. This blog post summarises the salient parts of the video:
@1:08 Partial acquisition of triage artifacts
A partial acquisition of a 240GB SSD1, collecting Page Files, Swap files, Windows Registry Files, Log Files, and Windows Access Traces, is started.
This causes acquisition of volume metadata, followed by filesystem metadata, and then the content data blocks corresponding to these categories. This acquisition completes in 17s and has stored 2.3GiB in the forensic image2.
@2:01 Virtual disk sharing
The active partial image is shared as a virtual disk, and mounted in windows as the F: drive. Windows explorer is then used to browse the F: drive, into the F:\Videos\Videos1\ folder. All access of the blocks of the virtual disk come from the forensic image, as the filesystem metadata has already been acquired.
On traversing to the F:\Videos\Videos1\Videos\ folder, thumbnails are generated by explorer and shown. As the content for these has not yet been acquired, the underlying blocks are loaded from the suspect drive, stored in the partial image, and then passed on to windows via the iSCSI virtual disk emulator. From there windows explorer renders the thumbnails.
@2:37 Third party application access
The file Mario1_500_HQ_512kb.mp4 is accessed, which contains a mario runthrough video from archive.org. This causes the video to be played using VLC.
The purpose of this is to create an interactive acquisition load on the target drive (recalling that the content of this file have not yet been acquired).
@3:03 Virtual disk access using EnCase.
The virtual disk is loaded into EnCase3, which scans the volume metadata, and filesystem metadata (in this case parsing the MFT).
The volume metadata and MFT are loaded from the partial image. Interactive performance of the video is unaffected, with no glitches or pauses.
@4:40 Interactive analysis with EnCase
Within EnCase, the files are filtered down to JPEG files, and the view shifted to Gallery. All of the pictures displayed on the gallery are loaded from the suspect hard drive, and stored in the partial image on their way to EnCase. At this stage only VLC and Encase are competing for access to the target device, and interactive performance of the video is unaffected. There are no glitches or pauses, and load and display of the pictures in EnCase is snappy.
@5:08 Acquisition scope widened to all of Allocated
A successive partial acquisition operation is started, widening scope to all allocated files. This will only read blocks of files on the target device that aren’t already in the image (a significant portion of the video, and the pictures that were viewed in the gallery are already present in the image, in addition to the volume and filesystem metadata, system logs, registries, etc).
@5:48 Gallery browsing under high acquisition load
The gallery is scrubbed to a random point, causing acquisition and display of a number of as yet un-accessed images. While this interactive process is competing with the video and the batch acquisition (and proceeding at 238 MB/s), interactive latency has increased but still acceptable.
@6:00 Single file browsing under high acquisition load
Encase is switched to the Table browser, and random pictures browsed. Interactive latency for single file access is snappy.
@8:08 Video runthrough completes
Acquisition of 61GiB has completed when the video completes playing.
At the point where this screencast ends, acquisition of allocated space is still underway. The analyst needn’t wait for its completion, as a partial forensic image may be completed at any time, with the resulting image still accessible using regular forensic tools. With the volume & filesystem metadata, and the file content that has been acquired to that point, forensic tools will still be able to interpret the disk. Blocks that were not acquired simply show up as unknown data.
This blog post summarised the most important parts of the video, the purpose of which was to demonstrate: - The incremental nature of partial acquisition using Evimetry Wirespeed; - The ease of human-in-the-loop live analysis in driving forward partial acquisition; - The performance of the Evimetry Wirespeed system.
- around 50% full, content including a Windows OS folder heirarchy (no user profiles), random data, and multiple copies of the GovDocs corpus, and videos downloaded from archive.org.
- We note that this dataset actually doesn’t have any page files or swap files in it.
- EnCase is a trademark of Guidance Software and has no affiliation with Schatz Forensic. | <urn:uuid:ba10679c-11fb-4f0f-aa58-679e2d4e3311> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://schatzforensic.com/insideout/2016/05/live-partial-acquisition-with-evimetry-wirespeed-and-encase/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.904564 | 1,153 | 1.664063 | 2 |
“Social capital” is the societal good will that accumulates among people within communities. It’s often built on family, school and faith-based associations. When social trust erodes, so does people’s faith in democracy. Brookings Institution Senior Fellow Isabel V. Sawhill explores social capital, where it exists and how it sometimes goes wrong. She does not view social capital as a good unto itself, but recognizes it as a powerful force when paired with inclusive, ethical governance. Sawhill offers policy solutions for rebuilding community trust and trust in government.
“Social capital” – social norms and trust – creates social coherence, which is essential to democracy.
A lack of trust in other people and in your communities affects the economy and public health. After the destruction of social trust, rebuilding is hard. The social capital that connects people in relationships has intrinsic value, and social relationships underpin social cohesion. Social capital reinforces positive behavioral norms like honesty and tolerance.
Social networks are a resource for information. They provide the ties people rely on when disaster strikes. For people to come together in hard times, they must trust each other and their institutions.
People are innately tribal. Sometimes groups are inclusive, sometimes exclusive.
Signs of “social alienation,” the result of the absence of social capital, include addiction, school shootings, police brutality and racism. Too many rules – too much social capital – creates unnecessary barriers. When social norms are negative, social capital binds people in warped pursuits, such as the Ku Klux Klan. Country clubs and churches can be inclusive... | <urn:uuid:d9352ca5-1d26-4b91-aad8-7b3ea1f3c204> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.getabstract.com/en/summary/social-capital/40300 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.938679 | 325 | 3.40625 | 3 |
Transport working platform (PPRP) is a transport machine that is designed to take people to jobs where the platform works on heights, provided so that the person on the platform goes with her to a fixed access point and comprising at least one lifts from the control unit, one hoist and one stand (EN 280:2001+A2:2009(E)), dot 3.1).
According to the production program for now there are the following types of platforms:
- pole platforms
- scissor platforms
- aerial platforms
- three-pronged platforms | <urn:uuid:b2b2979e-b766-4712-93e6-7e38385100d3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hidraulika-kurelja.hr/en/index/Working%20platforms | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.93246 | 120 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Amazon may not impact trucking much, but will hurt UPS and FedEx.
Amazon is starting to impact airfreight but make only small inroads to ground truckload transportation. It has already bought 4000 trailers – suggesting it is tendering 1-2000 loads per day…not earth shattering. Airfreight is a different story – Amazon has chosen Cincinnati airport to be its air hub…right next to DHL which brings a lot of Amazon stuff in from overseas. The size of the facility – 2MM sq. ft. is 35% the size of UPS’s hub – but really significant for one supplier. Meanwhile, UPS is seeing volume up but profits down…UPS’s CEO said “We have to put more emphasis on making sure that we pass on to our customers the increase in costs that e-commerce deliveries can bring.” Meaning delivery to the home is more expensive than the UPS price differential between B to B and B to C suggests.
The Wall Street Journal reports that bullish bets (bets that the price will go up) on oil rose to a record in January, reflecting widespread optimism that crude prices will move higher as OPEC starts cutting production in a bid to ease a global supply glut. | <urn:uuid:d3106723-9e96-4e90-bb2d-1ff7c15c9a61> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://t-wo.com/blog-entry/shakeup-package-freight.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.954578 | 250 | 1.5 | 2 |
Be true to yourself about where you want to do your workouts. Some people sign up for rather expensive membership packages at their local gyms only to find out later that they really do not like to work out with other people around. Perhaps they feel shy or self conscious about their bodies when working out around others. Or maybe they have concerns about the overall cleanliness of the facility. For whatever reason, they discover at some point that when it comes to working out, they are far more likely to actually do their workouts in the comfort of their own homes rather than in a public facility. (Of course, these are only a few of the reasons why someone might prefer to workout at home rather than in public. There are others as well.)
If you have determined that you are in fact a person who prefers to work out in the privacy of your own home, the next thing you will want to think about is what exactly you want to achieve during your home workouts. Indeed, many people discover that setting exercise goals early on in the process by creating an actual workout plan (preferably in writing, so that you can consult your written fitness goals whenever you want) can be a very effective motivational tool.
After all, when you write down your goals (in fitness or in any other area of life) you will feel as though you have made your goals more official and have committed to them at a much deeper level than if you had not written them down. Another thing you can do when it comes to fitness goal-setting is you can tell someone else (perhaps a good friend or your significant other) what your precise home fitness goals are and ask them to hold you accountable by checking in with you from time to time.
In addition to setting specific fitness goals for your home workouts, you will also want to reward yourself (though only in healthy ways, of course) when you achieve any of your fitness goals. Let’s say that you set a goal of working out four times a week for an hour each time and you end up achieving this goal for a full month (four weeks in a row). Why don’t you treat yourself to a “no-calorie treat,” such as a professional massage, that would make you feel good about yourself and keep you motivated to continue with your home workouts.
For more information on working out at home, you may want to check out this site: home exercise equipment. | <urn:uuid:e61a77e8-f622-4f5b-854d-13e83164fc8c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://8joy.net/2017/03/16/home-gym-workouts-a-matter-of-preference-for-many/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.981856 | 494 | 1.710938 | 2 |
The University of Washington in Seattle is among eight U.S. research sites undertaking a study to confirm whether brain imaging can detect signs of autism spectrum disorder in infants.
The National Institute of Mental Health, part of the National Institutes of Health, is funding the multicenter research with a five-year, $9.5 million grant. The study’s co-lead investigators are at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
The new grant supports the continued efforts of the Infant Brain Imaging Study (IBIS). A network of scientists will scan the brains of 250 children who have an older sibling with autism, looking for differences that predict which high-risk children are more, and less, likely to develop the condition.
“Our studies have identified brain alterations in high-risk infants at 6 months of age that can predict a later autism diagnosis,” said Dr. Stephen R. Dager, professor of radiology at the University of Washington School of Medicine and principal investigator here. “Now we are going to work with a new group of families to make sure our initial findings can be replicated.”
Infant siblings of children with autism have a 20 percent chance of developing autism spectrum disorder themselves – a much higher risk than children in the general population. Researchers believe that if brain scans can accurately identify which infants are at highest risk, then careful assessment over the first two years of life could detect behavioral symptoms as soon as they emerge. This would allow interventions to start sooner and improve those children’s outcomes.
IBIS researchers published initial findings in 2017, which showed that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) correctly identified 80% of babies who went on to be diagnosed with autism at age 2. They also correctly predicted more than 90% of babies who subsequently did not receive that diagnosis.
“These imaging finding are very exciting and, if replicated, can allow much earlier diagnosis of autism,” Dager said.
The UW Autism Center part of the Center on Human Development and Disability, has long studied the signs of autism and the effectiveness of intervention strategies and has been involved with IBIS since its inception.
“We have learned so much from the children and families in the IBIS studies. We understand much more about the way autism symptoms unfold in infants with autism risk. These brain findings in the first year of life could be game-changers if the findings hold up. They could allow us to approach autism in a new way, before symptoms emerge,” said Annette Estes, director of the UW Autism Center and a research professor of speech and hearing sciences. She is co-lead investigator of the IBIS study in Seattle.
Inspired in part by the IBIS study, parents from around the country brought younger children to be evaluated at the UW Autism Center, which established its Infant and Toddler Clinic in spring 2017. The clinic evaluates infants and toddlers up to age 24 months, and psychologists and behavioral analysts create a treatment plan with clinic- and home-based activities, just as they do for older children.
For the new study, babies at ages 6 and 12 months will undergo MRI scans while asleep. Those scans will enable analysis of both the brain’s structure and its functional connections. Infants also will be evaluated for language development, repetitive behaviors, social responsiveness and other behaviors that may, in the future, help understand how autism unfolds in the first year of life.
“Our goal is to improve outcomes for infants at highest risk,” Estes said. “Intervention that starts before children fall far behind in development, and perhaps before symptoms become clear, might prevent many problems faced by families today.”
Source: University of Washington | <urn:uuid:7180fdcd-7362-4583-a2d7-bda12a604482> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.innovitaresearch.com/2019/05/30/study-aims-to-confirm-mris-ability-to-detect-autism-early/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.956566 | 768 | 2.75 | 3 |
Type LD (50 doses)
- Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris
- Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis
- Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis
Use 1/8 tsp. per 1 gallon(3.7liters), 1/4 tsp. per 2-5 gallons(7.5-18.9 liters) 1/2 tsp. per 5-10 gallons(18.9-38 liters). The culture can be used in the manufacture of the following products: soft cheese with slow acidification (Lactic cheese, Camembert, Blue Cheese), Cheese varieties with eyes (Gouda, Edam). Fermented milk products manufactured by separation method (Sour Cream, Fromage Frais, Fromage Blanc). CHN-11 will produce slightly less gas than the CHN-22 and Flora Danica, but CHN-11 is a faster acidifier. Flora Danica will yield the fullest flavor. Flora Danica and CHN-22 can be used interchangeably as the CHN-11 can be with little or no noticeable difference. However, when switching from Flora Danica and CHN-22 to CHN-11 you will need to take these properties into account.
Shipping included within the 50 United States. International shipping available. | <urn:uuid:7dc4e374-e110-4d55-9058-340404e10de3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thecheesemaker.com/mesophilic-chr-hansen-chn-22/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00395-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.772084 | 289 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Virtual data rooms: Upcoming alternative for information storage
Before the advent of computer, internet and cloud technology, documents had to be stored in physical data rooms. These rooms required staff, abundant papers, couriers, stationary supplies etc. Apart from this, people using physical data rooms had to travel to the location and invest time in reviewing piles of paperwork. Hence, the need for virtual data room so as to avoid unnecessary expenses, time and inefficient practices. A virtual data room is like a virtual space that acts like physical data room except that all the data is secured online. A virtual data room is a series of proprietary extranets which provides an online repository of data. The virtual data rooms enable clients or parties to view documents that are relevant to a particular transaction only for authorized users. These documents can be accessed by authorized user via the Internet, as they are stored in an electronic format on a central server.
VDRs are secure and highly confidential virtual meeting rooms where attorneys, professionals, buyers etc can view highly top secret documents. Data room technology offers the ability to speed up the processes by reducing time frames during high level transactions. It also gives the ability to reach across borders, thus giving peace of mind to the clients. Businesses also use virtual data rooms widely as they generate large volume of data daily. Many professional fields require virtual data rooms. Corporations, human resources, bankruptcy, research, finance and investments, accounting, marketing, real estate, IT services and law are some of them.
Use of Virtual data rooms
Virtual data room offers secure document storage options that are primarily used for super sensitive and confidential files. Marketing, IT, purchasing and other financial departments can use VDRs to securely store and share files. There are many virtual data room providers, but it is essential to choose the right one. Venue virtual data room (venue.rrd.com/de/) is great for managing critical information. Be it conducting due diligence for merger, increasing capital and developing a document repository, Venue virtual data room is ideal for all deals.
Benefits of Virtual data rooms
The concept of work from home already exists. Virtual data rooms enables employees to access their documents from a remote server without the need to leave the house. If the employees have authority, they can access these files from anywhere and anytime.
It becomes easy for managers to access all files at one time, if they are kept in one single central location. This will prevent documents to overload.
No more paperwork
With the use of virtual data room, there is no need to use pen and paper. There will be no more clutter of files and documents in cabinets.
With the use of virtual data room, clients can now easily access the uploaded documents. There will be no need to flip through many pages to find relevant document.
Safety and security
The virtual data room is protected by password, thus making the confidential document secure. They are also safe from natural calamities like floods etc as they are not stored in the form of hard copy.
During mergers and acquisitions, a virtual data room is used as a platform where companies can search and access financial and non financial data from other companies. Clients and employees can save time and money on travel.
With so many benefits and uses of virtual data room, it surely is the best option for all businesses. | <urn:uuid:ec46137d-0df8-408f-adb9-e56c1b80f2b2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://digitalwrap.com/virtual-data-rooms-upcoming-alternative-information-storage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00037-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.923675 | 680 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Viewed 12855 times
Ker is a green berry like fruit of a thorny bush(capparis decidua) found in the arid parts of Rajastnan.It is very sour, and is commonly available during the months of April and May. Ker is a small moderate sized evergreen thorny tree, with slender branches armed with conical thorns and with light bluish-green foliage. The leaflets are dark green with thin casting of light shade. Although they belong to the same family as beans and lentils, they are usually distinguished as a separate group because of the ways in which they are prepared. The different types of ker are all spherical and small in size, similar to radish pods,a feature that also sets them apart from beans and lentils.
Fresh Ker has to be put in an earthen utensil or preferably a matka in salt water for 15 days so that it looses its sourness. After two weeks the salt water is thrown away and the vegetable is dried in shade to be stored for the rest of the year or to be cooked right then. Because of its numerous medicinal qualities ker is also used in many ayurvedic medicines.
Dried ker are produced by harvesting the pods when they are fully mature and then drying them. Once they are dried and the skins removed, they may split naturally.
Dried ker needs to be soaked in cold water for at least 6-8 hours before cooking.
How to select
Dried ker beans are generally available in prepackaged containers as well as bulk bins. They are available as whole beans or cracked or broken beans. In Jaipur you can buy fresh ker from Choti Choupar. (The traders go to the extent of sorting ker by size as the smaller berries are considered to be tastier) Local Pansari shops in the walled city provide dried ker all the year round. Regardless of packaging, check the ker as best as possible to ensure that they are not cracked and that they are free of debris.
" Use ker beans to make dhal, the classic Indian dish.
" Ker Sangri is one of the most mouth-watering delicacies of Jaisalmer. Ker Sangri is a popular vegetarian dish prepared by saking the ker and sangria beans in curd and then cooked on low heat with spice powders. The ingredients that goes into this dish are desert beans and capers. This vegetarian delicacy can be best enjoyed with Bajara roti
" The ker pachadi or pickle is easy to prepare and makes for a tasty chutney recipe also. Ker pachadi or toor dhal chutney is served with rice, dosa or idly.
How to store
Store the dried ker beans in air tight container in a cool, dry place and use within 6-8 months.
" Ker acts as a cooling anthelmintic; tonic, cures leprosy, dysentery, bronchitis, asthma, leucoderma, piles and tremors of the muscles.
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For security reasons (specially on shared computers), proceed to Google and sign out from your Google account. | <urn:uuid:29bcb904-691b-4493-9749-8bfa15c3e88c> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.tarladalal.com/glossary-ker-662i | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718296.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00540-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938933 | 736 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Trademarks and Copyrights
San Marcos Attorney to Help with Trademarks and Copyrights
Also Protecting Writers, Creators and Owners in Vista, Oceanside, Escondido, and Carlsbad
Perhaps you and some college friends finally pooled money together to start up that IT company you have been brainstorming for months. You want to consult a San Marcos trademark attorney to protect words, names, or devices associated with your new company. Or perhaps you are an online publisher based in Escondido or Vista, and you have intricate, complicated questions about how copyright law might apply to your new web venture.
Simplifying Complex IP Dilemmas
The Law Office of Darius Khayat can help you identify and solve your pressing copyright or trademark issues. Our team understands the complex, ever-changing dynamics that govern intellectual property law. Whether you need protection, or you need legal help because you believe that your rights have been violated, our experienced IP lawyers will strive to understand your needs and simplify what you need to do. We can also help with other mission-critical aspects of your business, such as formation of business entities, general business counsel, purchase or sale of a business, contract review and drafting, and more.
Difference Between Copyrights and Trademarks
Copyrights are legal protections for creators of original works, such as music, books, artistic or dramatic creations, and other types of published and unpublished IP. Per the 1976 Copyright Act, the owner of a copyright enjoys many benefits, including the right to distribute the work, perform the work in a public setting, reproduce the work, and even prepare works that are derivative of it. You register copyrights with The Library of Congress’ Copyright Office.
Trademarks, on the other hand, protect the source of goods or services as opposed to specific products themselves. You might get a trademark for a device or name or symbol or slogan that you use to indicate the source of a product.
In other words, copyrights protect creative authored works that are fixed and permanent – such as photos, pieces of art, drawings, manuscripts, movies, etc. Trademarks, on the other hand, protect IP that helps to identify the source of a service, product, or good.
Getting the Protection You Need Now
When it comes to intellectual property law, nuances abound. You want a legal team that has the capacity for meticulous, dynamic research as well as a grasp of the “bigger picture” of the ever-shifting landscape of intellectual property law. The seasoned team here at the Law Office of Darius Khayat has been serving the San Marcos, California area (and surrounding communities) for over a decade-and-a-half, and we can help you meet your challenges.
The Law Office of Darius Khayat serves San Marcos as well as surrounding communities, including Carlsbad, Vista, Escondido, and Oceanside. Call us now: 760-591-0245. | <urn:uuid:8958eb75-0f9b-47fb-9469-5c2bc7e1e7cd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dklaw.net/practice-areas/business-law/trademarks-and-copyrights/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.93848 | 612 | 1.523438 | 2 |
I hope that Fools with an interest in energy pay at least some attention to Matthew Simmons' ruminations about the sector. The Texan (by way of Utah) author offers a sobering perspective on an oil supply-demand picture that I believe looks bleaker by the day.
Simmons, who's written Twilight in the Desert: The Coming Saudi Oil Shock and the World Economy, operates from Simmons & Co., a Houston-based energy investment banking firm. On Tuesday, he was a guest on CNBC, discussing "peak oil": the notion that global oil demand will soon eclipse supply, if it hasn't already. John Hofmeister, the president of Royal Dutch Shell's
Unlike Hofmeister, Simmons is convinced that overall declining production is essentially liquidating the big oil companies. One quarter doesn't make a trend, but the three largest U.S.-based oil and gas companies -- ExxonMobil
Simmons calls oil produced from Canada's ballyhooed tar sands "turning gold into lead," pointing out that Shell has spent $14 billion in exchange for production of about 100,000 barrels a day -- in line with the output of a single good-sized well in Saudi Arabia. He's also reportedly placed bets that the price of crude will reach $200 a barrel by 2010.
While I think he may be somewhat aggressive in his forecast, I won't quarrel with his sense of direction. And I'd also agree with his CNBC-aired observation that Chesapeake Energy
Overall, I hope Fools won't take the comments of peak oil troubadours like Simmons lightly. At the very least, their predictions should rouse you to tend regularly to the all-important energy portions of your portfolios.
For related Foolishness: | <urn:uuid:b1bbd6df-3fe7-44f8-b929-5181c61981a1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.fool.com/investing/value/2008/03/26/the-pied-piper-of-peak-oil.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00540-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967389 | 360 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Article Written by Annie Lindgren,
Executive Director of Wellington CO Main Streets Program
There are two downtown business buildings that turn 100 years old this summer. The one that houses Wellington Grill, and the one that houses Papa’s Table. Both buildings as vibrant as ever, and if only those walls could talk….
The building that Wellington Grill keeps busy from 11am-10pm every day of the week was originally built to house a Drug Store. Edgar Shinn, a pharmacist and drug store owner, purchased the property in 1919. The lot previously had a one-story wood commercial building on it, but Edgar tore this down to replace it with what was then considered a modern commercial building, made of brick. The building was completed in May of 1919, and the Shinn Drug Store moved from its previous location on 2nd Street. This building came around the same time electricity came to downtown Wellington, and that power was used to bring the first soda fountain to downtown. In 1920, Edgar added on to the back of the building, a space that would become a medical clinic ran by Dr. E. W. Netherton, and with a separate entry that led out to 2nd Street. Edgar ran the pharmacy in Wellington until 1935 when he purchased a share in a pharmacy in Fort Collins, that would become the Patterson-Shinn Drug store, and lead to Edgar moving his family and business to Fort Collins. The building was then sold to Robert Anderson, a pharmacist, who ran it as Anderson Drug Store, with the back portion serving as an apartment. In the 40’s Robert obtained a liquor license and sold alcohol. Liquor sales were prohibited in Fort Collins until the late 1960s, and Wellington was a popular place for folks to drink and stock up on booze. In May of 1941, Robert was charged for having slot machines and punch boards in the store, breaking gambling laws. In 1947 the property was sold to Harry Young, who expanded the living quarters in the back portion of the building, westward to include another room and bathroom. He also added the other pressed clay block buildings on the property and acquired 2 more lots to the property. Harry converted the drug store into a liquor store he called Young’s Liquor, which operated into the ’60s. It remained a liquor store with a different owner into the 70’s. Since then the building went through a variety of uses, including a recreation center, a Malt Shoppe, barbershop, and in 1984 was remodeled for use as a church. It has been used as a restaurant for the last few decades. Jon and Donita Comes purchased the business in 2012, changing the name to Wellington Grill. They celebrated the 7yr anniversary of their business on April 21st. The outdoor area is alive with seating and music during the warmer months of the year.
The building that houses Papa’s Table, a family run Italian at night, Asian for lunch, and breakfast on Sunday restaurant, started out as a bank. In 1919 the First National Bank of Wellington, which had been in the building now housed by North Poudre Irrigation, built a new bank and opened for business on October 23rd. The bank prospered with the growth of the agricultural community, and with an oil boom in Wellington in the mid to late 1920s. The prosperity ended in the ’30s with the Great Depression, and the bank closed and left the building vacant for several years. In 1943 Marg Wallen turned the bank into the Wallen Grocery and Market. You can see the ghost sign for the grocery store on the top of the east side of the building. It was a grocery store until 1971, and then became a motorcycle shop, a feed store, dance studio, nail salon, and then a flower shop. In 1996, under the ownership of Linda Wilson, it was converted into a flower and gift shop called Oopsie Daisy Floral and Gifts, and then the bakery area was added in 1998. It was the Flower Mill, owned by the Ackerman family when it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000, the only downtown building currently on the registry. Wendell and Sally Nelson purchased the building in 2003. Sally, who had previously been selling flowers and antiques from Nelson’s farm just south of town, and daughter Susan, opened the Chocolate Rose, a flower shop, bakery, and gift shop. Wendell ran the farm where the flowers and some of the produce for the shop came from and eventually joined Sally in running the bakery. The Nelson’s added the garden area on the east side of the building and were the ones to discover the septic system had been set up to drain into an old well, rather than the town septic system like the tenants had been paying the fee for since 1919. The building was then purchased by Tom and Rose Casabona in 2016 and converted into a full restaurant. The Casabona’s are celebrating the 100-year anniversary of the building on June 2nd at 6:00 pm with an RSVP only meal, including shrimp, lobster, and filet mignon, that is sure to have the seats filled.
The above historical information was obtained from the historical surveys completed in 2018 and in 2000 on these two buildings. For more information regarding the history of these buildings please email email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:f1608c2c-22bd-4e69-a10c-1cede8600e4d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://northfortynews.com/category/life-in-noco/100-years-in-downtown-wellington-if-only-the-walls-could-talk/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.982802 | 1,103 | 1.75 | 2 |
In the second chapter of Revelation, Jesus made a remarkable complaint against the congregation at Ephesus. “Nevertheless I have this against you”, He lamented, “that you have left your first love.”
Before we explore that complaint, however, let’s look back for a moment.
In about 95 AD, while imprisoned on the Isle of Patmos, the Apostle John was approached by Jesus and instructed to record the Revelation. Moreover, Jesus told John that the Revelation would consist of three parts, including one portion devoted to the Church comprised of seven letters to seven congregations.
The seven letters are recorded in Chapters two and three, and are particularly noteworthy because they are as relevant today as they were in John’s time.
Yes, Jesus addresses issues appropriate to those particular congregations, but at the same time can also apply to all congregations, and even more, to all individuals. In other words, when Jesus ascribed His knowledge of these congregations’ works and condition (good or bad) in the first century, He was also speaking to you and me in the twenty first century.
We must, therefore, explore each letter and therein embrace each praise and rebuke, encouragement and hope, despair and delight. Bearing in mind, that our Lord continues to move about the Church, watchful to guard against internal and external evils and mindful to rightly preserve its spiritual well-being as steadfastly today as yesterday.
Okay, with that in mind, let’s consider this letter to Ephesus and see whether it strikes a chord and perhaps intends to admonish us.
“I know your works, your labor, your patience, and that you cannot bear those who are evil”, Jesus said. “And you have tested those who say they are apostles and are not, and have found them liars; and you have persevered and have patience, and have labored for My name’s sake and have not become weary” (vs. 2-4)
Foremost, we must notice the good works attributed to the Ephesians lest we consider ourselves above reproach and ignore the admonition. This is not a lazy congregation devoid of church service; the works of the Ephesians were admirable. “Nevertheless,” Jesus said, “I have this against you, that you have left your first love”.
What does Jesus mean?
The love in question is the “early love” of the congregation. That first enthusiastically warm and affectionate love following a new life in Christ, where self is denied, all that displeases God is gladly abandoned, and fellowship one with another is joyfully embraced. In other words, despite commendable devotion to the Word of God, the members had strayed from sincerity; or as one commentator puts it, “members were going through the motions without emotion”.
Has that happened to you?
Do you attend church services out of obligation or a force of habit rather than a passionate desire to worship God (as you did in the beginning)? And has your fellowship (where your earlier heart was tender for one another) become argumentative and divisive?
If so, confess that condition to God right now and return to your first love. He loves you as a bridegroom loves his bride, and not unlike the members at Ephesus, is admonishing you because He desires you. | <urn:uuid:2806efef-ace1-414c-b60b-283073a69bcd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.learntherevelation.com/have-you-left-your-first-love/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00499-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974743 | 707 | 1.898438 | 2 |
The countryside in Jönköping County is varied. For the most part the land is covered by forests, and the Fact That It is situated in the Småland highlands plaster its stamp on the landscape. There are more than 2,300 lakes in the county, as well as Several major waterways, including the River Lagan and Emån rivers. The county's Largest and deepest lake is Lake Vättern, The Southern Part of Which Reaches Jonkoping. Store Mosse, Sweden's Largest swamp area south of Lapland, lies in the southern portion of the county. Its highest point is Tomtabacken, Which rises 377 meters above sea level. (Source: Wikipedia)
Affiliated fishing areas in Jönköping kommun
There are no fishing areas in this region affiliated with iFiske, yet!
Yep, We sell permits for this area!We don't sell permits in this area | <urn:uuid:c3cc41ba-ef60-4cd3-ba28-036293069845> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ifiske.ax/en/fishing-in-municipality-jonkoping.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.951265 | 199 | 1.898438 | 2 |
International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation
The International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation, commonly known by its French name Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme (the UIAA, lit. International Union of Alpine Clubs) was founded in August 1932 in Chamonix, France when 20 mountaineering associations met for an alpine congress. Count Charles Egmond d’Arcis, from Switzerland, was chosen as the first president and it was decided by the founding members that the UIAA would be an international federation which would be in charge of the "study and solution of all problems regarding mountaineering". The UIAA safety Label was created in 1960 and was internationally approved in 1965 and is now recognised and used by 68 countries.
The UIAA is today the international governing body of climbing and mountaineering and represents millions of climbers and mountaineers around the world on a wide range of issues related to mountain safety, sustainibility and competition sport. Recognized by the International Olympic Committee, the UIAA is also a platform for cultural exchange and the strengthening of friendship among alpinist and mountaineers by bringing climbing and mountaineering associations under one umbrella. Its mission includes the growth and development of mountaineering and climbing worldwide through the practice of safe and ethical mountain practices, responsible access to mountains, cultural and environmental protection, youth participation and promotion of the ideals of the Olympic movement.
The UIAA Safety Commission develops and maintains safety standards for climbing equipment. These standards are implemented world-wide by the manufacturers who also participate in annual Safety Commission meetings. The Commission works with nearly 60 manufacturers world-wide and has 1,861 products certified.
Dynamic Rope UIAA fall count rating
The test to determine the fall count uses a 5.1m rope and drops a weight (80Kg single rope / 50Kg double rope) so that it falls 4.8m before experiencing a reaction force from the rope. This means that the weight is falling below the fixed end and there is minimal rope to stretch and absorb the force. The fall count rating is the number of times the rope can undergo this test before breaking. For the dynamic rope to be able to be UIAA certified it requires a fall count rating of 5 or more.
This number does not indicate that the rope needs to be discarded after this many falls since a fall would usually not have the climber fall beyond the belayer and there is usually more rope to stretch and absorb the fall. There has been no recorded accidents of a UIAA certified dynamic rope breaking without there being damage from a sharp edge or chemical.
The UIAA Safety Commission works to minimise accidents in mountaineering and climbing by developing and revising technical safety standards for equipment. The UIAA Safety Standards are used by many of the biggest manufacturers of mountaineering equipment and is recognised by climbers all over the world . Equipment which has been tested to our standards carries the UIAA Safety Label symbol which as been adopted by the European Union. The Safety Commission constantly review mountaineering and climbing accidents to determine if the standards are at a high enough level and change them if necessary. The group also accredits laboratories which test the equipment and gives climbers advice how to treat their equipment, and how best to use it to avoid accidents.
The UIAA grading system is mostly used for short rock routes in Western Germany, Austria and Switzerland and most countries in Eastern Europe. On long routes it is often used in the Alps and Himalayas. Using Roman numerals, it was originally intended to run from I (easiest) to VI (hardest), but improvements to climbing standards have led to the system being open-ended. An optional + or − may be used to further differentiate difficulty. As of 2004, the hardest climbs were XII−.
The UIAA Training Standards is an internationally recognized accreditation and certification scheme which examines and evaluates the training and assessment programs of our member federations. The process includes an independent assessment of the training provided to voluntary leaders and instructors by a UIAA expert which is then endorsed by an international panel of experts.
The Model Training Standards for Voluntary Leaders and Instructors managed by members of the Training Standards Panel makes it possible for mountaineers from different countries to recognise each other’s qualifications. UIAA standards cover seven areas: Mountain Walking and Trekking (summer), Winter Mountain Walking, Snowshoeing, Sport Climbing (indoor and outdoor), Rock Climbing (leader placed protection), Ice Climbing, Alpine Climbing and Ski Mountaineering.
Member associations have discretion to use or not use the Training Standards in their own country. They alone have the responsibility for training and assessing their national leaders and instructors.
Through its experts on the Medical Commission, the UIAA provides up-to-date and reliable information on medical issues. The commission conducts research, sets standards for training and provides forums where experts meet to discuss which recommendations to make. The advice and recommendations section includes a comprehensive list of advice papers. Issues included acute mountain sickness, nutrition and water disinfection. The work of translating these pages continues under the supervision of Dr. Thomas Küpper, of the Institute of Occupational & Social Medicine, Aachen Technical University in Germany and are available in English, Greek, Polish, French, Italian, Portuguese, German, Japanese, Spanish and Persian.
Mountain Medicine Diploma
Together with the International Society of Mountain Medicin (ISMM) and the International Commission for Alpine Rescue (ICAR), the UIAA Medical Commission has established and developed a joint Diploma in Mountain Medicine that establishes minimal requirements for courses in mountain medicine in August 1997 (Interlaken,Switzerland). Many course organizers adopted these standards and the Diploma in Mountain Medicine (DiMM) has become a widely respected qualification.
The Medical Commission was founded in 1981. Its history dates back to an earlier time when there were only a few doctors representing the largest mountaineering federations. The commission has grown to include 22 delegated doctors from 18 different mountaineering federations, as well as 16 corresponding members from all over the world. The UIAA Medical Commission has worked very closely with the Medical Commission of the International Commission for Alpine Rescue (ICAR). The current presidents of the UIAA Medical commission and the MedCom ICAR are always on the advisory board of the ISMM.
UIAA Mountain Protection Award
The UIAA is committed to preserving and protecting the mountain ecosystem and cultures around the world. It recognizes outstanding projects in mountain protection presented by non-profit organizations, associations or companies every year through the $10,000 UIAA Mountain Protection Award. The results are announced mid-October. The priority areas presented to contest are: wildlife and flora protection, resources / energy consumption, waste management and disposal, education, biodiversity conservation and mitigation of climate change effects.
Access and expedition
UIAA understands that access rights must be balanced by responsibility and care for the mountain landscape, bio- and geo-diversity and the cultures and people of the mountains. This is why the Access Commission works with international associations, and supports UIAA’s member federations and others to facilitate access to mountain areas for the general public while being sensitive to environmental, social, legal and other considerations.
The UIAA is the world governing body for ice climbing competitions. The annual World Cup circuit and the bi annual World Championship and Youth World Championship are organised on different continents with athletes from over 30 countries participating.
The UIAA is the world governing body for ice climbing competitions. The annual UIAA Ice Climbing World Cup circuit and the bi annual World Championship and Youth World Championship are organized in different continents with athletes from over 30 countries participating.
There are two ice climbing disciplines, Speed and Lead. In Speed, athletes race up an ice face for the best time. In Lead competitions the climbers' ability to master a difficult route in a given time is tested.
The UIAA is committed to fair play, doping free sport and the principles of the Code. The UIAA has adopted the World Anti-Doping Code (2014); this includes the mandatory articles of the Code and all relevant International Standards. The commission also oversees the anti-doping testing of athletes who participate in UIAA ice climbing competitions.
Global Youth Summit
The Global Youth Summit is a series of UIAA youth events where young mountaineers from around the world come together to climb, promote peace and cooperation between countries and work on the protection of the environment. First implemented ten years ago, it consists of a series of expeditions and camps offered by UIAA member federations to other UIAA member federations and their members.
All UIAA Global Youth Summit events are organised and undertaken in strict accordance with the relevant Federation’s regulations and UIAA Youth Commission Handbook & UIAA Youth Commission criteria and recommendations governing such events. Once approved the National Federation or event organiser and their designated leaders have responsibility for the event. The UIAA Youth Commission and UIAA Office may on occasion appoint other responsible persons such as trainers, event organisers and partners.
Safety Label Holders
|Big Wall||Black Diamond||Black Safe||Blue Water Ropes||Camp||Cassin|
|Haftgohar||Ice Rock||Kailas||Kong||Lyon||Mad Rock|
|Mammut||Metolius||Millet||Misty Mountain||Nal Hon||New England ropes|
|Schweiger Fulpmes||Simond||Singing Rock||Skylotec||Southern Ropes||Sterling|
- 1932–1964: Count Charles Egmond d'Arcis
- 1964–1968: Eduard Wyss-Dunant
- 1968–1972: Albert Eggler
- 1972–1976: Jean Juge
- 1976–1984: Pierre Bossus
- 1984–1990: Carlo Sganzini
- 1990–1995: Pietro Segantini
- 1995–2004: Ian McNaught-Davis
- 2004–2005: Alan Blackshaw
- 2005–2011: Mike Mortimer
- 2012–: Frits Vrijlandt
- "UIAA Foundation & Early years". theuiaa.org. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
- "UIAA about". theuiaa.org. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
- "Safety Standards – UIAA". theuiaa.org. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
- "UIAA Safety Label". theUIAA. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
- Obituary: Albert Eggler – Arts and Entertainment. The Independent (10 September 1998).
- http://www.letemps.ch/Facet/print/Uuid/eb506444-1a4e-11de-894f-51ea0a570f40/Moralit%C3%A9_nallez_pas_%C3%A0_lEiger[permanent dead link]
- Archived 8 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
- grough — Frits Vrijlandt elected UIAA president after no-confidence vote in former head. Grough.co.uk (19 October 2012).
- "About – UIAA – Role of Honour". theuiaa.org. Retrieved 24 November 2016. | <urn:uuid:1576a45b-6f3a-4293-b373-32d715f1977d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Internationale_des_Associations_d'Alpinisme | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00383-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.912107 | 2,369 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Can somebody try and explain this to me, I don’t know why what I read in the book doesn’t make sense to me… I mean when do you use it and how? Thank You
You use Bayes theorem when someone gives you P(X given Y) but you really want P(Y given X). The archetypal example is that I have two coins in my pocket: Coin A: Fair coin Coin B: Coin with two heads I pull one coin out of my pocket, flip it, and it lands heads. What is the probability I pulled coin B out of my pocket? So you know stuff like P(H | flip A), P(H | flip B) but you want P(B | H). You can reason this one out by saying that there are three heads in my pocket and if you see one then it is either the head on A, head 1 on B, or head 2 on B. Since those are equally likely P(B) = 2/3 Using Bayes theorem, P(B | H) = P(H | B)*P(B)/(P(H | B)*P(B) + P(H | A)*P(A)) =1*1/2/(1*1/2 + 1/2*1/2) = 1/2 / 3/4 = 2/3 as advertised. In the real world, you don’t use Bayes theorem all that much. What you do use are Bayesian statistics which start with Bayes theorem calculations. The idea is that if you ask me to estimate the probability that a die comes up with a 6 on a roll, I can be stupid and say that I have no idea so I just need to roll the die n times, count the # of 6’s and divide by n. Classical statistics can then give you standard error estimates. On the other hand, a Bayesian would pick up the die, examine it with some calipers, come up with some uncertainty measures surrounding the calipers, and roll that into a distribution for his guess at the probability of a 6. He would then roll the die and use the die rolls to modify his prior guess. The Bayesian will always have a better guess with lower standard error than the silly frequentist above. Who would make a better securities analyst, the guy with the calipers or the guy who just shrugs and rolls the die? Edit: Typos and I forgot mynew signature again. ----
Thank you for the answer!! | <urn:uuid:aab48cc7-d2ca-4686-a01d-da23a6017f8c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.analystforum.com/t/bayes-formula/59404 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.945888 | 522 | 3.25 | 3 |
This IELTS listening practice exercise is about a woman called Nadiya Hussain. It contains both short answer questions and sentence completion questions. You can find more useful links for listening and vocabulary at the bottom of the page.
Tips: As you will hear this only once, make notes. In the IELTS test, you can make notes all over your question paper. It might help you find an answer that you have missed.
You can find more IELTS tips for each part of the test at the bottom of the page.
Read the questions from 1 to 5 before listening to the audio. Play the audio only once. In IELTS, you will hear the recording only once so get used to practising. When you finish listening, make a note of common traps and paraphrases.
IELTS Listening Practice
Questions 1 – 2
Write no more than one word and/or number.
- How many children does Nadiya have?
- In what year did she enter The Great British Bake Off?
Questions 3 – 5
Write no more than two words and/or a number.
3. She was launched into her career by winning a UK ………………………….
4. The BCC documentary followed her around Bangladesh on a ……….. tour.
5. She also writes as a ……………… for the Times magazine.
IELTS Listening Recording
Answers and Transcript
Click below to open the answers and see the transcript.Answers
- 3 (three)
- baking competition
Nadiya Hussain was born into a British Bangladeshi family in the south of England. Both a wife and mother of three, she entered The Great British Bake Off in 2015. Her ability to produce amazingly creative, tasty bakes earned her the title of Champion in the biggest baking competition in the UK. This launched her career. Later, she was asked to bake a cake for Queen Elizabeth II’s 90th birthday. And then she went on to film the Chronicles of Nadiya, a BBC documentary of her culinary journey around Bangladesh. She is also a columnist for the Times magazine presenting mouth watering recipes for baking.
Practice more IELTS listening and get useful tips: http://ieltsliz.com/ielts-listening
Learn vocabulary for newspapers: http://ieltsliz.com/newspaper-vocabulary/
Main IELTS Pages
Develop your IELTS skills with tips, lessons, free videos and more.
Get my free lessons by email | <urn:uuid:7120d109-2b87-455a-9f4e-5e592bab2863> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ieltsliz.com/category/ielts-listening/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00360-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.930526 | 524 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Be inspired! Be encouraged!
For those who want to make a difference in the lives of our children, our families, our nation... buckle up!! This book will bring clarity to what is taking place in our nation, especially as it relates to education and parental rights. This book will give sound reasons for offering hope as parents take hold of their God given design to nurture and educate their children. A must read for all parents, even grandparents!
"This book bring light to the struggles we wrestle with and the unexpected trials we face. Becca shares with us the pathway to victory as she presents one encouraging message after another. No matter how dark or lonely a place you may find yourself, you'll discover pages filled with insights to help you embrace life's most challenging moments and see how God's Word brings illumination and hope to your life."
Jack Hibbs, pastor
As an American woman, Keating gives a unique and profound perspective of living under Sharia law in the Middle East. Becca finally tells her story; A riveting and insightful book which will open yours eyes to the challenges she faced which are common to women and children of Islam. The startling reality she encounters when returning to State-side compels every reader to confront the truth about Islam and its assault on women and children, as well as on our American way of life. The subject of this book is urgently relevant, informs, and challenges our thinking regarding this "religion of peace". Pastor Jack Hibbs says, "We must understand the true dangers of Islam and why its adherents are devoted to eliminating all Judeo-Christian influence." Therefore, this book is a must read for those wanting to impact our culture, our nation, our world!
This inspirational read will challenge as well as stimulate thought and actions. Considering the challenges in our society today, this book will give tools to be a powerful communicator within your sphere of influence, your home, your university, your city, your state, your nation. This book will clarify the reality of the founder's intent of free speech and what free speech should look like in our lives today.
For those citizens who want to make a difference in this nation, in this world, this book will encourage as well as give a solid and logical foundation for making that a reality. Inspired by our founders faithful charge and ripped from today's headlines, this urgently relevant content will inform and alert you to make educated and wise choices for you and your family. An easy but totally pertinent read exposes the power of the Constitution and the power of those faithful-based conservatives willing to rise up and stand firm. At this critical time in our nation's history, this is a must read for all who want to Impact their World!
THIS BOOK IS FOR YOU....
** If you are a parent wondering how to positively impact your children.
** If you are a teacher concerned about the future of education.
** If you are a grandparent wanting to be informed about our nation's education climate.
** If you are a parent concerned about your child's uniqueness and how to best teach him or her.
** If you appreciate support and encouragement for the home schooling family. | <urn:uuid:1a5e2d20-7bde-487c-b010-542fe671d89e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rebeccakeating.wixsite.com/beccakeating/books | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.948953 | 642 | 1.53125 | 2 |
If NDP Leader Jagmeet Singh was truthful in his election pledge to treat the opioid crisis as a national health emergency he might be the difference between life and death for those struggling with addiction, one researcher says.
Donald MacPherson, executive director of the Canadian Drug Policy Coalition, told Black Press Media Tuesday that combating the war on drugs by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and the Liberals will all depend on how hard Singh pushes for action.
“They [the Liberals] know many people have been calling for decriminalization, including many public health officials, and they have said in the lead up to the election they aren’t going to talk about it or consider it,” MacPherson said.
“The NDP have been very clear; they are clearly for decriminalization of possession of illegal drugs for personal use, like other countries have done, such as Portugal or Czech Republic.”
In B.C., roughly five people are dying from illicit drug overdoses every two days, according to the most recent data from the B.C. Coroners Service. Across the country, more than 13,000 people have fatally overdosed since 2016, causing Canada’s average life expectancy to decrease for the first time in four decades.
Within the last two years, a number of vocal health advocates – including two of B.C.’s top doctors – have called for governments to make prescription heroin and other opioid replacements accessible in order to combat the toxic street supply.
Better access to health care, specifically national pharmacare, was one of Singh’s most highly-touted platform policies. On the campaign trail, Singh said he’d declare the overdose crisis a national health emergency if elected – a move that former federal health minister Ginette Petitpas-Taylor and the Liberals have refused to do.
He also said he’d stop the criminalization of people dealing with addiction. But the NDP leader stopped short of pledging any action on creating a safe drug supply, which MacPherson argued is what is needed in today’s “ongoing overdose and drug poisoning crisis.”
Singh dodged questions by reporters about any plans to form a coalition-like agreement with Trudeau and his newly elected minority government during a news conference in Burnaby Tuesday.
MacPherson said its promising that an elected politician with potential weight in future legislative decisions is based out of Metro Vancouver, where the lions share of overdose deaths are happening.
On the other hand, minority governments also tend to leave parties acting more risk averse when it comes to controversial legislation – and drug decriminalization is certainly no exception – MacPherson said.
“This minority federal government might be willing to take the next steps, but only if they are pushed forward by the NDP,” he said. “If they choose to push forward other issued like pharmacare or housing or whatever, they might not be prioritizing decriminalization.” | <urn:uuid:1d2441c5-64ec-4384-be83-9b08842ec793> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.clearwatertimes.com/news/feds-finally-decriminalizing-drugs-possible-but-its-up-to-jagmeet-singh-expert-says/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.963465 | 608 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Introduction to psychology, one of the largest introductory courses, was an excellent context for testing the efficacy of U-Pace versus conventional instruction. Introductory psychology attracts heterogeneous students with respect to level of academic preparation, economic status, and race and ethnicity, suggesting the findings of greater learning and greater academic success would generalize to other courses. The U-Pace instructional approach may be most applicable to courses in which student performance can be objectively assessed, particularly with multiple-choice quizzes. For courses that require demonstration of student performance other than through quizzes, the U-Pace approach could be used for portions of the content or in a blended learning format.
The U-Pace instructional approach does not require resources beyond a learning management system (e.g., Blackboard, Desire2Learn, Moodle). For the Mastery-based component of U-Pace , critical conditions identified on the table, must be set in your LMS. Depending upon the LMS, defaults may also need to be disabled (e.g., disabling automatic scoring deductions for retakes).
Praising student efforts (quiz attempts falling short of 90% mastery) and small successes (quiz completions with at least a score of 90%) is fundamental to the U-Pace instructional approach. If some instructors believe that praise is justified only for major accomplishments, such as completing a substantial portion of the coursework perhaps because they fear their praise will lose its power, impact, or otherwise lack credibility they will not successfully implement the U-Pace approach. Focusing solely on major accomplishments is antithetical to U-Pace and is flawed. Withholding praise until students achieve the ultimate accomplishment is ineffective because the ultimate accomplishment is predicated on many smaller successful approximations. The instructor's role in U-Pace is that of a coach shaping student success.
To successfully implement U-Pace instruction, instructors must also abandon the erroneous notion that some students are worthy of praise, support, and encouragement while others are not due to their "lack of accomplishment." In this viewpoint, there is no coaching role for the instructor; instructors are reduced to providing information. They set the bar and see who gets over it, without directly facilitating the students' progress. From this perspective it is not the instructor's role to directly support and encourage students' efforts, particularly if unsuccessful. The U-Pace instructional approach reflects a different perspective. By encouraging students the U-Pace instructor gives them the "courage" to persist, to maintain their effort. Instructors will not lose credibility if their praise of students is contingent on student behavior. | <urn:uuid:700a3667-9693-4917-b7b5-8b6ee24bb6a8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www4.uwm.edu/upace/adopt.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00566-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934938 | 532 | 2.28125 | 2 |
The female Komon dog has a body length of 69 cm, while the male Komon dog can reach at least 71 cm in length, and most of them exceed 76 cm. They are the larger breeds of dogs.
Although the Komon dog looks a bit cumbersome, it is actually a very dexterous large dog.
The long and thick white hair of the Komon dog entwined with each other resembles some black braids or mops (the Komon dog has the heaviest hair among canines).
The puppies’ hair is very soft and fluffy, but as they grow older, the hair becomes more and more curled, until it becomes tufts, and then rarely falls off.
The hair of the Mongolian dog is born pure white, but if it is not washed frequently, it will become beige. | <urn:uuid:141f630d-af0b-4a9c-9bd9-9358b47c3d0f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.3trivia.com/animal/8925.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.972339 | 169 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Islamic architecture is world renowned for a number of reasons especially its skilful application of small, ornate details, and its consistency through the ages.
From exterior façades that consist of mashrabiya-style carvings, to Arabic calligraphy that meticulously marks the walls of a room, to luxurious materials like gold and marble merging together on the same palette, Islamic architecture doesn’t shy away from extravagant design.
And in the spirit of Ramadan, we’ve decided to round up the world’s most iconic mosques. Old and new, our selection doesn’t discriminate. It’s time to cherish these achievements in design one more time. | <urn:uuid:805efb4c-546c-4684-971c-17d71b86e66c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.designmena.com/portfolio/iconic-mosques | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00493-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.914079 | 141 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Abstract Wood blocks colonised by the basidiomycetes Phallus impudicus, Phanerochaete laevis and Steccherinum fimbriatum were placed individually in plastic trays containing moist, unsterilised soil. All three fungi grew out radially from the inoculum blocks, forming networks of mycelial cords. Outgrowth patterns of P. impudicus and P. laevis were similar in controls to those in experiments where a second uncolonised wood block was placed as a ‘bait’ several centimetres away from the inoculum block. However, contact with the bait by S. fimbriatum resulted in marked changes in growth pattern. These changes included cessation of radial extension from the inoculum, thickening of connective mycelium between inoculum and bait, outgrowth from the bait in the original direction of travel and regression of non-connective mycelium. These observations emphasize the collective organisation of mycelial systems and the differences in their growth pattern which can arise from varying foraging strategies. | <urn:uuid:ecd9c43b-1ce9-42bc-a378-01763e30c3a0> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.mysciencework.com/publication/show/4ef9ec2a4a93141ab94597c1626c6542 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720468.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00487-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934801 | 224 | 2.453125 | 2 |
EYEWITNESS COMPANIONS: BEER (DK, 2007, 288 pages, ISBN 978-0-7566-
3155-0, $25 paper covers) has been edited by the late Michael Jackson
(he died in August, 2007), the world's leading writer on beer. He was a
multiple-award winning specialist on barley, for he also wrote about
whiskies. The book is an "illustrated portable guide to global beers".
Jackson only goes after the best beers and the top producers, and
furnishes extensive tasting notes. There's material on beer styles and
history (lager, ale, porter, krieks, etc.), how to taste and enjoy a
beer, beer and food matching, and a glossary of terms. That leaves 210
pages for beers of the world. The Czech Republic, Germany, Belgium, and
the UK get the most space. Beers are arranged alphabetically within
countries. Each brewer gets a name entry, address, website, short
history-description, and a tasting note for one or more beer styles.
There are 18 breweries listed for Canada, from Amsterdam, Big Rock,
Brick, McAuslan, Moosehead, and Wellington among others. Illustrations
are colourful, and feature mainly bottles, labels, and adverts.
Audience and level of use: beer drinkers who read.
Some interesting or unusual recipes/facts: the TN for Bud - "sweet,
grainy nose, with green apples, a light balanced body, but without
The downside to this book: major producers include Budweiser and
Miller, and they are here, adding nothing to the book.
The upside to this book: comprehensive and illustrative.
Quality/Price Rating: 90. | <urn:uuid:4dbe75ec-3ed0-42f7-8dc1-3c0c9ee8f40e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://gothicepicures.blogspot.com/2008/02/drink-book-review-eyewitness-companions.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00132-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.901802 | 374 | 1.75 | 2 |
Americans Can’t Contain Fondness for Container Gardens
Apparently, Americans can’t contain themselves when it comes to container gardening. U.S. consumers spend more than $1.3 billion a year on this gardening method, according to Container Gardening Associated, a website devoted to the technique.
Container gardens – the use of a variety of plants in any type of container – are often associated with yardless apartments or condominiums. But they also are popular with older adults and people with disabilities, as well as for areas where soil quality is a problem or where pots define an area or direct traffic, according to a Texas A&M University press release.
A new study by Dr. Terri Starman, Texas AgriLife Research horticulturist, revealed that retailers can cash in on container gardening by offering more extensive plant care information, making plant container selection easy and pricing the pre-planted or do-it-yourself containers properly.
“We found that there is a potential to increase the value of a container garden through providing educational material with the purchase,” Starman said in the press release.
The study, included in the current issue of the journal HortScience, also found that most people prefer a container garden with a complementary color harmony in the price range of $25. Complementary colors are opposite each other on the color wheel. Previous studies have shown that in difficult economic times, people continue to garden. Container gardens require less water and other inputs, and can help reduce our carbon footprint.
While container gardening has been “trendy” for about a decade now, the next major push in this area appears to be a move toward increased education and care information. More than 75 percent of the respondents who took Starman’s online survey said they would be more likely to purchase a container garden if extensive information were provided. Eighty-five percent said they would be willing to visit a website to obtain that information.
“Developing websites for the information would save growers the expense of printing tags for all the plants, especially if there are multiple plants in one container,” Starman added.
Additional research is needed, particularly on the pricing side of container gardening, she said. There are two types of consumers for this product: do-it-yourselfers and the do-it-for-me type. “Some are willing to spend a lot more money for a beautiful container garden,” she said. “And there is also a market for servicing container gardens, especially for independent nursery operators who can sell it, deliver it, maintain it and change it out seasonally.”
For more information, visit http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/floriculture.html or http://www.container-gardens.com/. | <urn:uuid:4bcc9d45-e2ce-4532-a90c-b9bb6caa1d50> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.gpnmag.com/news/americans-cant-contain-fondness-container-gardens/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721405.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00312-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.936169 | 589 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Without a mother to teach her how to be a cat, the job falls on you. Learn what you must do to make her a happy, well-adjusted kitty.
Your kitten knows you’re the Food Person. She also gets that you’re the Potty Person, the Laundry Person and the Spa Attendant. There’s so much work involved in raising a bottle baby, you might forget about the other hats you have to wear as your kitten’s substitute mom. Get out your mortarboard, because you’re also the headmaster, who teaches the life lessons that Mom can no longer provide.
Baby kittens, like kids, rely on the interactions of others around them to mold their personality, shape their behavior and provide boundaries. Since kitten brains are hardwired to learn these lessons before they’re fully weaned, it’s normally up to Mom and her siblings to educate her.
While isolating a kitten seems like a good idea from the health perspective, it’s the worst thing you can do to a kitten emotionally. There is a very critical period in a kitten’s development between two and seven weeks of age when she learns important socialization behavior from her mother. During this sensitive time, she learns what to fear and what is safe. If she’s not exposed to lots of different people, animals or experiences, she’ll probably retain a life-long fear of that missing element.
A kitten raised on her own, without her mother and peers, only learns lessons her foster mother teaches her. That person becomes the center of their universe. The kitten looses all independence, and can turn into a dominating and controlling cat. Those kittens often experience a condition called over-attachment.
Kittens learn social and predatory behaviors from their siblings. It doesn’t take long to learn, “If I bite too hard, he squeals.” Without proper socialization, solo orphans grow into aggressive cats; some of them even turn into chronic adult biters. (We’re not talking about the nippy love bites, but hard, almost-draw-blood chomps downs.) Without other kittens around, the orphan acts out normal hunting behaviors on humans.
If she’s allowed to bite the fingers that feed her, she learns this is acceptable behavior. Nipping may be cute when she’s four weeks old, but not when she’s four years and 14 pounds. It’s a tough habit to break later in life, and the behavior could continue after the kitten goes to her new home. These unfortunate kitties often end up in animal shelters.
You must let her know that fingers and toes are always off limits. Any biting earns a sharp, “No!” and ends the game. You stand up and walk away. Be consistent. For the kitty’s sake, get everyone on board.
Never physically punish or hit your kitten. She won’t make the connection between her action and the slap to the nose. She will only learn that you’re a crazy person that comes unglued unexpectedly and are not to be trusted. Distracting her with a toy or item is another way to stop inappropriate behavior.
If you have a friendly, tolerant cat (who is healthy and current on vaccinations), let him teach the kitten manners. They do, after all, speak the same language. By exposing your orphan to other cats, she will learn catness. And unlike you, your mature cat will penalize her for unnecessary roughness.
When you introduce her to a variety of gentle humans with treats and interactive toys, you broaden her universe. Kittens who have lived with gentle dogs shouldn’t have any problem adapting to a new home with friendly pooches.
If other animals can’t be worked into the curriculum, provide her with lots of interactive toys, exercise, socialization and a stuffed animal to wrestle with. Two or three active play sessions a day, chasing prey toys on a string, helps dissipate her kitten energy and satisfy her predatory aggression. (Always store string toys where she can’t reach them, as ingesting string can cause life-threatening injuries.)
Teaching her proper play is the greatest lesson you can teach her. Constructively channeling that endless supply of energy helps ensure that she and her family will share a happy and active life together. | <urn:uuid:67750be5-2606-4f90-80df-514b996a1253> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.hartz.com/Cats/Hartz_Kitten/your_kittens_emotional_needs.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00320-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94158 | 920 | 2.71875 | 3 |
FDA Alerts Pharmacists and Health Care Professionals to Potential for Injury when Dispensing the Similar-Sounding Drugs Durezol and Durasal
WEDNESDAY December 28, 2011 - Rockville, MD -- FDA is alerting pharmacists and other health care professionals of potential injury due to confusion between the FDA-approved eye medicine Durezol (difluprednate ophthalmic emulsion) and the unapproved prescription topical wart remover Durasal (salicylic acid).
There has been one report of serious injury when a pharmacist mistakenly gave an eye surgery patient Durasal, the salicylic acid–containing wart remover, instead of the prescribed Durezol eye drops. Durezol is approved for treatment of inflammation and pain association with ocular surgery.
Several other cases were reported arising from confusion between Durezol and Durasal. In some cases, the error was discovered prior to the medication reaching the patient. There were also complaints received from health care practitioners concerning the similarity between the names Durezol and Durasal.
Due to the potential for confusion between these two products, pharmacists should be vigilant when filling prescriptions for the ophthalmic solution Durezol.
The FDA, as part of the drug approval process, screens proprietary names for similarities to the names of other products currently on the market; however, Durasal (salicylic acid) is an unapproved product that did not undergo FDA’s drug approval process. The agency, therefore, was not able to evaluate Durasal for potential name confusion prior to the product being marketed. Additionally, Durasal (salicylic acid) entered the market shortly after FDA approved Durezol.
Elorac, Inc., the distributor of the unapproved product Durasal, has to date not responded to FDA's inquiry into removing the product from the market place. To date, Elorac has also not recalled the product in response to FDA's inquiry regarding the risk to patients.
Health care professionals and patients are encouraged to scrutinize packaging and labeling information carefully and to report any potential for confusion arising from similar drug names to the FDA’s MedWatch Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting program. In this context, any side effects associated with the use of Durezol or Durasal should be especially noted and reported.
- Complete and submit the report Online: www.fda.gov/MedWatch/report.htm
- Download form or call 1-800-332-1088 to request a reporting form, then complete and return to the address on the pre-addressed form, or submit by fax to 1-800-FDA-0178
The FDA remains vigilant in monitoring adverse event reports and is requesting pharmacists and other health care providers to be extra cautious in prescribing and dispensing all products.
Posted: December 2011
Recommended for you | <urn:uuid:a8756edd-e531-4c38-a53b-2fbf4ead3042> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.drugs.com/news/fda-alerts-pharmacists-health-care-professionals-potential-injury-dispensing-similar-sounding-35659.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719908.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00157-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.926863 | 607 | 1.789063 | 2 |
Like other small dogs, Yorkies mature and reach their full size relatively early in life. They enter adolescence at around 5 or 6 months, when they become capable of reproduction. The adolescent period lasts approximately six months, after which adulthood begins. An adult dog has reached its maximum height.
Small dogs like Yorkies usually live longer than larger dogs. Yorkies live 12 to 15 years on average, and many live longer than that.Learn more about Dogs | <urn:uuid:62703ade-98a1-4f84-bd08-abd818468a7c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.reference.com/pets-animals/age-yorkie-fully-grown-32c97cdac79c0a71 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00337-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957262 | 91 | 2.734375 | 3 |
It's no secret that many of us in 2022 feel overworked, if not actually are. Particularly during the past two years, we have had to deal with a pandemic of hidden overtime, were working from home has resulted in an always-on "ping" culture that keeps us hooked to our laptops and work phones even after typical office hours have ended.
Burnout is reframed as a side effect of being committed to the "grind," and busyness and hustle culture, in general, are displayed as badges of honor.
Our physical and emotional health is deteriorating as a result of the long hours we are working and the time crunch we are facing.
According to researchers, this state of temporal flow—also known as the perception that time is passing—in which employees feel at their best and most productive is known as "optimal busyness."
An ESSEC Business School research indicated that employees felt more positive energy when they were at their most productive and in charge of their time.
Less work didn't necessarily translate for many people into less stress. People favored busy times to calm ones, even when they thought their work-life balance was incorrect.
Instead, they overworked themselves because the sensation of ideal activity led them to believe that they could manage the demands of their jobs.
However, the researchers cautioned that optimum activity is a vicious circle despite the appearance of favorable mental effects.
It's a rising issue since, according to a recent survey, 69 percent of UK workers who work from home report having burnout symptoms.
But regardless of how aware we are – what can we do to ensure we don’t fall too deep into the trap of optimal busyness?
How to cope when you’re addicted to feeling busy?
Take your yearly leave, please.
It's necessary to take some time to relax no matter what the situation, even if many of us may have accrued too many days from being unable to travel during the epidemic.
The mental health organization Mind advises that taking yearly leave can help you unwind and refresh, even if you are just at home.
Get enough sleep
It may seem apparent, but even if we are aware of the benefits of eight hours of sleep for both our bodies and minds, we frequently come up with justifications for not receiving them. You may be able to prioritize your sleep health during the work week by including a few simple self-care techniques into your wellness regimen or simply by eating a protein-rich breakfast.
Try to finish work on time
It's simpler to work late into the evening to try to get everything done when there is no commute and no pressure from homeschooling, according to Mind. "Occasionally this is OK, but strive to finish tasks on time most days."
Ask for help if you need it
Any problems you are having that are harming your health both at work and outside of it can be something you want to discuss with your management. Take a few days off work to rest if you are experiencing weariness or burnout, then come back to work with a plan in place to help you adopt more sustainable working methods. | <urn:uuid:e7c16557-aa94-4730-81a8-84098c5837d4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kellietinnin.com/post/optimal-busyness-why-we-work-too-much-despite-the-effects-on-our-well-being | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.978701 | 648 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Why Liberals Hate Inequality
Last week, Jonah Goldberg wondered why Republicans are doing so well at the local and state level but striking out at the federal level of politics. His answer to the question is simple: state and local government is about nuts and bolts; the federal government is all about religion.
Our presidents, Republican and Democrat alike, talk about their "visions" for America, as if being a president requires you to impose some quasi-religious vision on the country.
But the Democrats are simply better at talking about government in spiritual terms. Indeed, such testifying is Obama's one indisputable gift. They talk about the federal government doing things we'd want God to do if God dabbled in public policy.
Here is reason good enough for President Jefferson to call for a "wall of separation" between church and state: to keep the vision thing a safe distance away from government and its enforcement officers. Because, as I like to say, government is force, and it is always a good idea to keep that in mind as soon as someone starts talking about "the children" or "inequality."
Yes, inequality: that's how liberals are justifying their expansion of government these days. That's what President Obama was talking about in his Osawatomie speech in December 2011, and that's what Alan Krueger, CEA chairman, was talking about a month later in his "Great Gatsby Curve" speech on inequality.
We've all heard plenty from our liberal friends on the subject of inequality, so we know that the New York Times and NPR must devote a lot of bandwidth to the subject. What exactly does Krueger, academic, labor economist, and Obama administration deep thinker, think is the problem? Here is how he presented the inequality problem in his speech.
- Since "the 1970s income has grown more for families at the top of the income distribution."
- The "median household saw a decline in real income in the 2000s."
- The "top 1% of families saw a 278 percent increase in their real after-tax income from 1979 to 2007, while the middle 60% had an increase of less than 40 percent."
Here is Krueger's judgment on the cause of this increase in inequality, based on his own poll of economists, in declining order of importance.
- Skill-based technical change, and a "slowdown in the growth of the supply of relatively highly educated workers in the US."
- "Other and unknown factors."
- Globalization. Some have benefited, "but other workers have been left behind by globalization."
- Union membership has declined, and union membership raises the wages of the lower middle class "so they can make it into the middle class."
- "Tax changes in the early 2000s benefited the very wealthy by much more than other taxpayers," and only three countries "have tax systems that reduce inequality by less than the U.S."
So the obvious thing to do is implement ObamaCare, keep the economic recovery going, curb "excessive risk-taking" in the financial sector, and pass the Buffett Rule.
Do you see what is missing in all this? It is so obvious that it is comical. Krueger and his polled economists say absolutely nothing about the possible effects of the administrative welfare state on inequality. Ya think?
When blogging about this last week I rolled off the following possible causes of recent inequality without even thinking: government entitlements. The collapse of the lower-income family. The retreat of lower-income men from work and marriage. The penal marginal tax rates on the working poor as they increase work effort. The credentialization of the workplace. The meddling of government in the credit system. Immigration. "Off the books" work. How come Krueger and his tame economists didn't mention any of that?
I think their mistake indicates a blind spot for our educated ruling class. People like Alan Krueger and the nation's economists are modern Puritans. They think that everyone is like them and regards work, or rather career, as a "calling." We modern Puritans have even persuaded high-class women to abandon their pre-modern roles as lovers and carers and drudges to become corporate career girls breaking through glass ceilings.
But could it be that a significant minority of Americans, perhaps the bottom 47 percent, aren't really into the neo-Puritan thing? Perhaps they would rather enjoy the free stuff rather than increase their work effort.
Over at usgovernmentspending.com we have a page on entitlement spending. Did you know that entitlement spending doubled from 5 percent of GDP to 10 percent of GDP in the decade 1965 to 1975 just before inequality went all wrong?
But all of this is beside the point. Reality doesn't matter. What matters is finding a justification for more government force.
Right now, the liberals are all agreed that "inequality" requires more government. In ten years, they will come up with something else.
Christopher Chantrill (mailto:email@example.com) is a frequent contributor to American Thinker. See his usgovernmentspending.com and also usgovernmentdebt.us. At americanmanifesto.org he is blogging and writing An American Manifesto: Life After Liberalism. | <urn:uuid:a0c5f52c-c83b-4054-928e-dd927754d49e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2013/02/why_liberals_hate_inequality.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00308-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970899 | 1,089 | 1.984375 | 2 |
A prison officer stands guard outside the Chief Magistrate’s court in Nairobi. Safeguarding reforms is key mandate for the in-coming Chief Justice.
Despite some criticism, the screening of 50-odd judges and nearly 300 magistrates was a remarkable achievement. But Kenya's new Chief Justice has some cleaning up left to do.
Kenya’s Supreme Court judges file into the chamber during the opening of parliament.
The electorate and those involved in public governance should focus more on how judges are appointed. This is because they need to make sure that individuals of the highest quality get the job.
Trade union royal commissioner Dyson Heydon refused to find that he was affected by apprehended bias.
There are inherent shortcomings in a procedure that asks judges to make objective and rational assessments about how their own conduct, relationships or interests might appear to others
South African President Jacob Zuma, right, listens to Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng ahead of Zuma’s second inauguration in Pretoria.
Tensions are probably inevitable in any constitutional democracy that empowers the courts to overrule the executive and legislature. But, judges are worried cabinet undermines the rule of law.
The standard of proof that applies in different types of judicial proceedings may result in quite different verdicts.
After saying he was 'deeply suspicious', a judge cleared a man of child pornography offences. We need to understand the standard of proof to make sense of verdicts, including AFL rulings on doping.
Should Australia’s High Court judges be representative of the community that their rulings affect? Should politics play a part?
Late last week, the federal government appointed Geoffrey Nettle, a Victorian Court of Appeal judge, to the High Court to replace retiring justice Susan Crennan. Nettle is an excellent lawyer and his appointment… | <urn:uuid:93d3445e-7379-4630-9fb3-5e2c33cc3756> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://theconversation.com/global/topics/judicial-system-13942 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00223-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953712 | 374 | 1.921875 | 2 |
It took longer than I expected to read The Peastick Girl – because it is just soooo good to read. On almost every page there is an arresting image, a deftly-expressed insight, or a perceptive commentary about New Zealand life. It’s not a page-turner: it’s a book to savour, to provoke contemplation, to mull over.
This thread, so cogently expressed by the Russian émigré Nikolai, permeates the entire novel:
‘When people have a broken history, when it has been suppressed, the truth gathers differently, in the little backwaters and pools, in the little lonely places there is always someone who knows’ (p463).
The Peastick Girl is the story of Teresa Matheson, who has returned to Wellington after time away in Australia, in search of the truth about herself. She’s in emotional turmoil because her life is in a mess, and it has more to do with her mother than this excerpt reveals: Hugo is only part of the reason why.
‘How would you feel,’ he would like to ask another woman, ‘if some man came to you and said, Look, I love you but you have to know I was your mother’s lover once.’ How would you feel?’
What is marvellous about this book is the way Hancock makes us privy to the inner world of all her characters, not just the would-be feisty feminists but also the world of men. In a community where rugby seems to define manhood, sensitive men like Dorothy’s sculptor get a ‘worn-out look‘ in New Zealand, ‘a rugged look, as if protecting themselves has been as arduous as slogging through the hills‘ (p159). Not the sort of man that most of us would feel sympathy for, Hugo is tormented, angst-ridden by the ghastly situation that has arisen from no ‘malice or wickedness’ of his own, but sheer bad luck, fated to fall in love with Vivian’s daughter. He is bereft of his ‘brief manly confidence‘ because
… he was lost: The situation was too big for him, he didn’t have the scale and strength to wrest it back into true, to somehow take it over and make her accept that it wasn’t such a big thing, not really, not all this time ago, to comfort her with that and at the same time comfort himself too, he could be comfortable if she could be. On the other hand, if he just let it go – well, that was the trouble, he couldn’t, he couldn’t, now, just scuttle away, he would be so diminished in his own eyes, and such a fake version of himself that he couldn’t imagine going on with the usual forms of his life …
… No matter how he looked at it the prospect of happiness receded from him in every possible way, a low shoreline, dim with unhappiness. (p 164)
Wellington’s rugged landscape along the the Kapiti coast and the weather are integral to every scene, indoors and out. In this respect The Peastick Girl reminded me a little of Wulf by Hamish Clayton, where climbing plants and harsh rock-faces insinuate themselves into an environment infused with ancient myth. Myth weaves itself into Hancock’s novel too, because Teresa – who has written a quest novel for younger readers – is haunted by the Russian boyfriend she left behind in Melbourne. He likes to analyse her; he thinks her distress is because she is possessed by the demon Arkeum (a demon resistant to my Google searches, alas), by a foulness within. Hancock plays out the dark secret that lies at the heart of this novel with great economy and skill. Suffice to say that if you think you’ve worked out what it is, you are almost certainly wrong.
The confused state of contemporary feminism (which women of my generation often find bewildering) underpins the way the 20/30-something characters think and behave. Vivian, mother to Teresa, Mollie and Cass, still looms large in their lives even though she died long ago in mysterious circumstances. There are other strong, powerful older women in the novel, especially the Maori elder Rangi but Hancock reveals some comic contradictions in the old-fashioned attitudes held by younger men and women. Just after a feminist party (organised to conciliate rival groups) Cass is told by one of the young men that ‘a woman needs a good man. Maybe not all the time, but some of the time’ (p372), and she agrees to let him find someone for her. She isn’t even going to own the quest…
Cass, fresh from an inconclusive attraction to an engineering student whose mind is on rugby practice, thinks that refusing to make coffee for men is a political act of some consequence. But – reeling from her discovery of her brother-in-law’s infidelity – she blames The Other Woman for taking another feminist’s man, as if Gil had no responsibility for it. Dorothy is therefore a ‘predator’, and Gil, presumably, is the hapless male unable to resist. Cass steals Dorothy’s warm black coat, leaving her literally and symbolically unprotected, and takes the sexy pink cape as well, defeminising her. But she does nothing to Gil.
Perhaps being held solely culpable by fellow feminists is why Dorothy has reached a curious impasse with her sense of gender identity:
‘Oh, I’m not really melancholy,’ Dorothy said. ‘I’m just at a crossroads. I’ve got to the point … where I don’t think life’s a matter of finding the right man. My problem is that I want to be a man – without having to stop being a woman. I want to be the woman I am but live like a man. I’d like to be me as a man.’ (p356)
Gil is almost quaint in his paternalistic attitudes towards his wife Mollie and she puts up with it because she thinks he ‘rescued’ her (p194) (as if she were a damsel in distress and he is the White Knight?) As Hugo says, even her ‘goodness’ is a fault: ‘she must have gobbled up more than her share of the family’s virtues’ (p 161). I think book groups would have a marvellous time discussing these revealing episodes…
Indigenous politics is an interesting motif. There are those who understand the extent of Maori dispossession, and those who do not, while others come just in time to realisation of the offence that can be unintentionally caused. When Teresa returns to Wellington she decides to write a play, a New Zealand rendering of Shakespeare’s The Duchess of Malfi. But she eventually decides that she ought not do this because it would be ‘another ghastly insult to the Maori, bringing another European tragedy out here’ (p 382). This made me wonder if this fear of giving offence is a widespread attitude in the creative arts, both in New Zealand and here in Australia.
Like other readers, apparently, I was puzzled by the title, an enigmatic choice not fully resolved for me by the author’s explanation to NO magazine. But this is a very impressive debut novel, rich with allusion and compelling in its depiction of modern life. The layers of meaning are carefully constructed around a fascinating tragi-comedy of manners and the ambiguity of the conclusion is completely satisfying. The Peastick Girl deserves a wide audience.
You can read a sample chapter on the Black Pepper website.
Author: Susan Hancock
Title: The Peastick Girl
Publisher: Black Pepper Publishing, 2012
Source: Review copy courtesy of Black Pepper Publishing | <urn:uuid:41edbaa2-0929-4e78-bc5c-dc12126d48d3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://anzlitlovers.com/2012/10/06/the-peastick-girl-by-susan-hancock/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00285-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968694 | 1,682 | 1.5 | 2 |
According to the Tennessee Center for Nursing, Tennessee is projected to have a shortage of 9,000 nurses by 2020. A large part of the problem is that there is a shortage of faculties for prospective nursing students and open spots go fast. With the growing demand for registered nurses and the lack of nursing programs in Tennessee, another option for those interested in nursing is to pursue online nursing degrees in Tennessee.
Online Nursing Schools in Tennessee
Online programs allow you to take the required classes for nursing, while studying from home at your own pace. The online programs offer the same classes that a classroom setting does. Tennessee online nursing schools also offer great alternatives for current nurses who need continuing education units, by allowing them to take classes on their free time. You can also try a hybrid nursing degree program in Tennessee which allows you to take both online classes and hands on classes on campus to allow for extra support in person.
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, registered nurses in Tennessee earned a mean annual salar of $59,2520 in 2009. With its beautiful landscapes, mild weather, a diverse and rich music scene, historical towns and a distinct southern hospitality unlike anywhere in the country, there may be no better place to get started in your new career than through online nursing schools in Tennessee. | <urn:uuid:81eceb3d-9bea-41c4-9f55-7f4733dbf1af> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.online-education.net/tennessee-nursing-schools.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00546-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962709 | 258 | 1.671875 | 2 |
MINNEAPOLIS, Oct. 21 /PRNewswire/ -- For a sample of prevention awareness on Breast Cancer and overall health, there are key terms one is suggested to start on: BRCA; DHEA; Estradiol; Estriol; Free radicals; Insulin resistance; Melatonin; Premarin; Progesterone; SHBG; vitamin D.
Some will be covered by Dr. Khalid Mahmud as the Special Guest; he will deliver the keynote 'An Oncologist View of Hormones and Breast Cancer: How to Safely Treat Patients with Hormones'.
Event: Hormone Replacement Therapy Conference When: 1:30 PM Saturday, October 24, 2009 Where: Preventative & Regenerative Medicine Symposium, Holiday Inn on the Bay - San Diego, CA
Being informed on prevention is key to good health; unfortunately today, by some, prevention is being diluted into what it is not. A few years ago, the term 'prevention' was rarely part of the vocabulary in orthodox medicine; lately it is often perplexed and exchangeable with the likes of 'avoid', and used all too commonly with implications meant to blur. You can now find to avoid Breast Cancer with 'Chemoprevention', a good program, but an irony in expression that has no shame.
Prevention through Bioidentical Hormones is proving to be a giant among giants for reasons of common sense to women and men. Whether synthetic or not, Bioidentical Hormones have the definition of being the identical chemical structure to what the human body produces, it cannot be outdone by Para-identical counterparts that command patent pendings.
Dr. Mahmud who is quadruple certified in Oncology; Hematology; Internal Medicine and Anti-Aging Medicine, and former member of FDA panel on devices and radiological health, believes that by changing or altering certain natural substances ever so slightly, to then administer them as replacement for its natural counterpart has been leading to dangerous risks that assist in causing cancer for unsuspecting clients. This is backed up by studies pointed out in his book "Keeping aBreast" Ways to Prevent Breast Cancer.
Money rose for cures on Breast Cancer, gets mixed results and often inadequately delivered, some currently accepted practices are literally worse than nothing at all. There is little in true prevention, Dr. Mahmud believes Prevention should have a leading role in fundraising awareness campaigns while cures should still be pursued.
Keeping aBreast is endorsed by Suzanne Somers in her book Breakthrough; Dr. Mahmud has been featured on NBC KARE, FOX 9 Morning News, and speaker for the World Health Summit.
For media inquiries please contact Miranda Spigener, Publicist, 832-452-6068, firstname.lastname@example.org
SOURCE Dr. Khalid Mahmud
|SOURCE Dr. Khalid Mahmud|
Copyright©2009 PR Newswire.
All rights reserved | <urn:uuid:94c95b42-07cd-4571-803e-2f46e8479f71> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.bio-medicine.org/medicine-news-1/Bioidentical-Hormones--a-True-Prevention-for-Breast-Cancer-59889-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719468.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00528-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.929889 | 607 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Two years ago James and I decided to replace our gas range with an electric one. The gas range was 20-years-old and the control panel was cracked and wearing out. But then COVID struck and no way were we going to have someone in our house. So we waited.
The cracked timer button broke. The electric ignition on one of the front burners stopped working, so when turned on, the gas would pour out but wouldn’t light. And then the articles about how polluting gas stoves are started appearing. It turns out gas stoves leak methane even when they are turned off, not to mention that burning gas in your house sends dangerous chemicals into the air you breathe.
Our electricity provider does not generate all electricity from renewable sources. If I can believe the numbers on their website, about half of my electricity comes from renewable sources and the rest from gas and coal. So an electric range is, in a way, outsourcing the gas pollution, moving it from my home to somewhere else. It’s truly hard to get a complete win on energy right now unless you don’t use it at all.
We shopped around for a range and decided on one made by Frigidaire. It’s a pretty basic model with no bells or whistles. We don’t need a large range, or a double oven–there isn’t room in our small kitchen for that sort of nonsense. Nor do we need a “smart” range to spy on us. Even a basic “dumb” induction range is spendy, but we’d been saving.
And it’s a good thing we saved, because the work to upgrade the electrical in our 1950-built house cost more than the range did by almost two times! And add to the expense sheet the need for a whole new set of pots and pans. Our beloved 30-year-old copper-bottom pots do not work on an induction range so we had to get new stainless steel pots with stainless steel bottoms. We can still use our cast iron pans though, we just have to be very careful to not slide them because they can scratch the stovetop.
By Tuesday afternoon this last week, everything was all set up and James was deep into figuring out how to cook on it. With gas you just turn the flame higher or lower, you can see it. But on an induction stove, you have to choose a number 1-10. Assuming 5 is medium heat, but how hot is medium on this thing? Judging by the speed the pot boiled over, pretty hot.
The oven is wonderfully insulated. It takes much longer to heat up than the gas oven did though. James baked bread last night and got a little frustrated over how long it took. However, once up to temperature, it heats much more evenly and the bread came out beautifully.
Once he gets it figured out, he has to teach me how to use it, because right now I don’t even know how to boil water for tea on in it! Seeing how the heat dome has arrived, I’m not currently interested in hot tea anyway.
The electric range is not our only new cooking device. We bought a solar oven! We had intended to make one for years. I have a folder with plans in it for various solar oven designs. James even salvaged a piece of glass about a year and a half ago for it. But as days and months and years went by and we still hadn’t built a solar oven we decided it might be best to just suck it up and buy a high quality one someone else made. So we did!
Sun Oven is made in the United States and is sturdy as heck and really well designed. In addition to the basic oven, we got the dehydrator racks too.
Eager to give it a try, last Sunday we set it up on the deck and put a pan of granola in it to bake. The thermometer shot up to 400 degrees F within minutes. We were so excited. Look at us, cooking with the sun!
Ten minutes later, a thunderstorm blew in from nowhere and it was pouring rain. But that’s ok, the storm only lasted for about 20 minutes. Unfortunately, the clouds never cleared away and there was no more sun for the rest of the day.
The following day was also cloudy.
On the third day, we had sun! Lots of hot sun. The granola cooked up in 30 minutes. And since there was still lots of sun, James also roasted pepitas to make into pepita seed butter.
The sun oven is great and we love it. The only drawback, of course, is the oven only works when there is sun. We are in for a long string of really hot days. I expect most of them will also be sunny. So we will see if we can figure out how to use the solar oven as a slow cooker to bake our beans or tofu or whatever while we are gone at work all day. We will be certain to have a back up plan in case of unexpected clouds.
In the Garden
My part of Minnesota is currently in a moderate drought. James and I have been watering the garden frequently. Thankfully, it is not as bad as last year’s drought, so I am not watching all my veg slowly die. Some parts of the garden are crispy though. The snap peas gave up pretty early, producing only a few small pods. The mustard had begun well in the cool, wet spring, but once it turned hot and dry it bolted without getting big enough to harvest more than once.
The summer squash plants are all small, but flowering. No squash yet though. So far only male flowers like last year. I’ve started giving them even more water and I hope that will help.
The bush beans are doing well though, especially with no rabbit eating them. And today I picked the first beans of the season. The pole beans are all getting tall and some of them are starting to flower. We plant Kentucky Wonder along the side of the deck and then string twine up to the deck rail for them to climb up. I noticed today that two of them have made it all the way up already.
We are picking raspberries, black currants, and red currants. No gooseberries this year since the rabbit pruned them. But they are all looking good so next summer I hope to be in gooseberry heaven.
The apple trees are loaded with apples. The grapevine is covered in clusters of green globes that are slowly getting bigger and bigger. We gave the vine a hard prune in spring after I read that fruit grows on new shoots, and it worked! Actually, the entire vine has grown like crazy. I will not feel bad pruning in spring next year.
Lucy still has a plucked naked chest, and Ethel is still terrified of both the Dashwoods, but there has been no new chicken drama of late.
There was a moment early in the morning last weekend, around 6 a.m. while we were having breakfast and I looked out the window and saw some large creature moving through the garden greenery. I thought it was a cat at first, but the critter was not moving like a cat. So then I thought perhaps possum. James got up and opened the sliding window and started barking. Since we don’t have a dog, he likes to bark, but I don’t think he is fooling anyone.
The critter did not bolt, but ki did decide to leave the garden once James went stomping out onto the deck. And then he saw not cat, not possum, but big raccoon. Thankfully we had not yet released the chickens from the coop, so they were closed up safe and sound.
I mentioned recently that I finished my box loom weaving project. This is the first thing I have ever woven, and it shows. Behold! The spinning tools bag that is too short to be a bag so it got turned into a woven basket:
Yes, it is lopsided and uneven, but it was loads of fun to do and I look forward to learning more and getting better. I will be sending this off to a friend who complains I always tell her about my craft projects but never send her anything I make. I hope she finds it funny. Heh.
I think my next project will be a produce bag that we can use for apples or potatoes. I will make it out of twine from the hardware store. I will do it on a frame loom. So first, I need to make the loom. One should beware of projects that require making things in order to make things, but I love making things so much that I am all in on making a frame loom from pieces of a pallet we scavenged. This means I might not actually get to weaving for some time, but no matter. There is much pleasure in the process and I love learning how to do new things, even when they come out wobbly and uneven and nowhere near the intended result.
A couple weeks ago I got to go on a group bike ride with Clarence Eckerson, founder of StreetFilms. StreetFilms produces short films about transportation design and policy with the goal to make streets more livable. He was visiting Minneapolis to learn more about the recent speed limit changes– 20 mph on residential streets and 25 mph on city streets. It’s a long story how I was invited to this ride, but I am happy I was. Clarence is a really nice man and I got to meet lots of other bike people who, when I said I recently went carfree, didn’t blink because most of them were carfree or nearly so.
Anyway, here is the film Clarence made. I didn’t get a speaking part, but I appear multiple times. I am the one in the blue jersey with the white sun sleeves.
- Article: Hedges: Society of Spectacle. I haven’t been watching the January 6th hearings but I’ve been following along, and wondering why Trump and anyone else involved in the planning of the coup have not been charged with crimes. They probably won’t be either. This article provides a thought provoking explanation about what the hearings are really about.
- Article: “Forever Plague”: Nikiforuk responds to critics. The pandemic is far from over and this article explains the dangers our complacency has put us in.
- Article: Noam Chomsky: The “Historic” NATO Summit in Madrid Shored Up U.S. Militarism. What NATO is up to, which is nothing good and involves a heaping portion of U.S. imperialism.
- Blog: TomDispatch: This is My Song. A reminder that there are still things to love in this world, specifically: used bookstores, libraries, Buy Nothing, and community gardens.
- Article: Robinson Meyer: Joe Manchin’s Fickleness is a Needless Catastrophe. Manchin is like Lucy holding the football for Charlie Brown. And the the Democrats are stupid enough that they, like Charlie Brown, fall for the trick every single time.
- Book: Angela Davis, An Autobiography by Angela Davis. Her name pops up all over the place and I decided it was time to learn who she is. This was originally published in 1974 and is about the time she spent in jail while fighting false charges that included conspiracy to murder. Of course, it’s not just about her time in jail. What an amazing woman she is!
- Podcast: For the Wild: Dr. Max Liboiron on Reorienting within a World of Plastic. This was super interesting. Plastic is not going to go away, so what do we do about it? I learned that islands of floating plastic in the oceans act as little oases that support all kinds of ocean life large and small. Many scientists have zero tolerance for these plastic islands and, after studying them, will remove them from the ocean, thus destroying the island of life that had adapted itself to the plastic island. I always saw plastic as a black-and-white issue, but this made me realize there is nuance I must learn to see.
- Podcast: Green Dreamer: Helena Norberg-Hodge: Reorienting towards economics of happiness. Norberg-Hodge is a treasure of a human being.
- Movie: Raising Arizona. Still makes me laugh. Though I realized everyone in the movie has a southern accent. People in Arizona do not have southern accents. What is going on with this? Why did it take me so long to even notice? I feel a small crack has formed in my enjoyment of this movie. | <urn:uuid:9e9dc650-7139-47e0-952b-de8e2fa4e851> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.astoneintheriver.net/2022/07/17/now-were-cookin/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.970235 | 2,670 | 1.710938 | 2 |
In the first few installments of this "Plane and Simple" blog series, I introduced you to the basic planes you should have in your shop and some tasks they can perform. This time, let's see why having a good plane on hand can be very important. Not that many home woodshops have a jointer larger than 8" wide, and many have no jointer at all. Not to worry - a handplane can flatten the widest board, and safely plane a part too small to safely mill with power tools.
The process begins by planing diagonal to the grain working along the length of the board in both directions. This is called "scrub planing" (above). Set the blade to take a deeper cut than normal, and as you see the high spots disappear, work the blade back to a finer cut (much like sanding to finer grits).
"Winding Sticks" can be used to insure that the entire surface is flat. They are two thin straight edge sticks of the same width. One is used to check for flatness along the length and width of your part, and together they check for twist.
A marking gauge lays out a line on all four edges at the final thickness (below, left), and the second face can be pared down and smoothed just like the first (below, center). Work the face down until you reach the thickness mark all the way round, and check for dips using the straight edge of the winding sticks. Lastly, one edge can be planed smooth and square to the first face (below, right).
This process might seem slow and laborious, but really goes quite quickly once you get the hang of it. You may not often need or want to prep stock this way, but it is a handy skill to have for over- or under-sized parts. | <urn:uuid:69a1be58-f6f2-4d54-a292-2d9f2666b522> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.rockler.com/how-to/plane-and-simple-woodworking-handplane-stock-prep/comment-page-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00235-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957648 | 378 | 2.3125 | 2 |
JUDY WOODRUFF: President Obama and Russian President Medvedev finalized an agreement today to slash nuclear arsenals by a third. Mr. Obama called the pact a step towards a world without nuclear weapons.
U.S. PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA: After a year of intense negotiations, the United States and Russia have agreed to the most comprehensive arms control agreement in nearly two decades.
JUDY WOODRUFF: The president sealed the landmark deal with a phone call to his Russian counterpart this morning.
BARACK OBAMA: We have turned words into action. We have made progress that is clear and concrete. And we have demonstrated the importance of American leadership and American partnership on behalf of our own security, and the world’s.
JUDY WOODRUFF: Together, the United States and Russia possess more than 90 percent of the world’s nuclear weapons. The U.S. has 2,100 deployed strategic warheads. Russia has 2,600.
BARACK OBAMA: The new START treaty makes progress in several areas. It cuts, by about a third, the nuclear weapons that the United States and Russia will deploy.
JUDY WOODRUFF: Today’s deal replaces the 1991 Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, or START, that expired in December. And it goes beyond the 2002 Moscow treaty signed by then Presidents George W. Bush and Vladimir Putin.
Within seven years of ratification, both countries would have to lower their deployed strategic warheads to 1,550. Ballistic missile launchers and bombers would be capped at 800. And, of those, only 700 could be deployed. The two countries would be responsible for verifying each other’s cuts.
In Moscow, Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said the agreement was an important security step for both countries.
SERGEI LAVROV, Russian foreign minister (through translator): This is an absolutely honest position, which doesn’t prohibit either side from making unilateral decisions. But it unequivocally means that strategic offensive armaments will be reduced to a degree which will ensure the security of each party.
JUDY WOODRUFF: For Mr. Obama, the agreement was essential in order to reset relations with Russia.
BARACK OBAMA: With this agreement, the United States and Russia, the two largest nuclear powers in the world, also send a clear signal that we intend to lead.
JUDY WOODRUFF: Defense Secretary Robert Gates said the deal doesn’t jeopardize the U.S. defense posture.
ROBERT GATES, U.S. secretary of defense: The reductions in this treaty will not affect the strength of our nuclear triad, nor does this treaty limit plans to protect the United States and our allies by improving and deploying missile defense systems.
JUDY WOODRUFF: Two-thirds of the U.S. Senate are needed to ratify the treaty. Many Senate Republicans are insisting the pact not interfere with future plans for missile defense and weapons modernization.
Republican Jon Kyl of Arizona:
SEN. JON KYL, R-Ariz., minority whip: The point being that, if you draw down the number of weapons and weapon delivery systems, nuclear warheads and systems that deliver them, under this treaty, which will be done, then it is even more imperative that what you have left works and is safe and secure.
JUDY WOODRUFF: Presidents Obama and Medvedev are set to sign the pact in Prague on April 8. | <urn:uuid:0ec5eedd-a651-44e4-9882-48f63a1ea282> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/military-jan-june10-nuclear_03-26/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00153-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937805 | 727 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Teach Yourself Solar Power
Build your own solar power system with this easy to follow guide
Do you want to learn how to use solar power? Because if you do, then you've come to the right place. The Solar Power Design Manual will guide you smoothly through the complex process of designing, specifying and installing stand-alone solar power systems for all applications, anywhere in the world.
Download the Solar Power Design Manual and you will get:
- More than 30 colour diagrams and photographs
- A guide to choosing the most efficient appliances
- A step by step design process that anyone can follow
- A maintenance guide to keep your system functioning perfectly
- The best way to estimate the available solar energy
- A simple explanation of how solar power works
- An Excel and OpenOffice.org template to automate the calculations for you
- Simple installation and commissioning instructions
Twenty-five years ago I became a solar power engineer in one of the UK's most imaginative renewable energy companies. Major companies and development organisations have put their trust in me to design, manufacture and install solar power systems all around the world. | <urn:uuid:a2498a27-7818-4332-b9ca-df3b6ebd7b12> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://e-library.net/Solar-Power-Design-Manual__ebooks19494.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00122-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.881811 | 226 | 2.375 | 2 |
I've written concerning how the library in Douglasville came to be here, but the efforts at Lithia Springs were entirely separate....in the beginning, and predated the folks in Douglasville by thirty-seven years.
The Lithia Springs project was spearheaded by the women in the community. The library would be housed in a log cabin that sat north of the railroad tracks. They decided to fund the library by holding a box supper and invited the general public. A Sentinel article from the time reported the event was well attended...especially by the men in the area. They enthusiastically bid on the dinners and bought chances to win quilts the ladies displayed.
The Sentinel article goes on to say, "The ladies of Lithia Springs are eternally grateful to the boosters for the nice donation of $25 to build a chimney to their beloved Log Cabin Library which was in danger of being left in the cold, as Lithia Springs is building a new school house and now feeling a might poor. Some of these days they will return the favor when Douglasville and her boosters turn their full attention to such institutions in their town."
The boosters the Sentinel spoke of were a group of businessmen in Douglasville who were headed, at the time, by Dr. Tom Whitley.
The Lithia Springs Log Cabin library was governed by the Lithia Springs Library Association with Miss Lily Reynolds, a school teacher and outspoken promoter of the library project, at the helm.
Volunteers made up the library staff, and in those early days the library was open to the public from two to four o'clock on Monday, Wednesday, Friday and Saturday afternoons.
The book collection was described as "marvelous" and circulation and membership seemed quite good. A fine of one cent per day was charged for books kept over 14 days.
In 1917, Mrs. George Bass and Captain J.C. Joyner laid a brick walk from the porch to the sidewalk. The library was used at this time for various women's meetings and also served as the town hall for town council meetings.
At some point around 1918, Miss Reynolds left the area and interest in the library began to decline. Sadly, the building burned down in the late 1940s. However, one book, a Bible, survived the fire, and is a treasured relic at the Lithia Springs Library today.
I've looked through several collections of old photos taken in and around Douglas County. I've yet to see a picture of the old log cabin, but would be greatly interested in seeing and sharing one.
The efforts to maintain a public library at Lithia Springs took off again when Mrs. Annette Winn, principal of what was then Lithia Springs Elementary School wanted her students to have more access to reference materials than what the school board could afford for the school. Fannie Mae Davis advises in her book Douglas County: From Indian Trail to I-20 that Mrs. Winn was never one to leave a stone unturned, if it concerned a benefit for her beloved adopted Douglas County and her own community of Lithia Springs.
At last there was a reason for hope with the founding of West Georgia Regional Library in Carrollton. After the library's bookmobile service was inaugurated, Mrs. Winn contacted the director, Miss Edith Foster, the State Department of Library Services, and Douglas County officials, whereby permission was granted for the bookmobile to visit Lithia Springs Elementary/Annette Winn Elementary once a month. The children knew the schedule and eagerly awaited the monthly visits. A library was needed. Mrs. Winn and Miss Foster talked with parents, civic groups and clubs to get their interest.
Finally, it was decided that the little courthouse located in Lithia Springs near the fire department would be the perfect location. I've written about the little courthouses here.
The front room of the little building was made available and volunteers from the local Ruritan Club built bookshelves. Mrs. Betty Hagler took over as the librarian on a volunteer basis.
Fannie Mae Davis continues, in May, 1963, East Douglas County Library opened. The first library board was comprised of Mrs. Annette Winn, chairman; Mrs. A.B. Craven, Mr. George P. Argo; Mrs. Agnes Green, Mrs. Ethelyn Cooper, Mr. Louie Wood, and Mrs. Edith Foster the West Georgia Regional director served as an advisor. Mrs. Hagler continued as librarian, but on a salary. The library was now open for longer hours.
They registered 200 people in the first week alone. Of course, it didn't take long for the small front room of the Lithia Springs little courthouse to overflow with books and library patrons. A larger space was needed and the library that you and I know as the Lithia Springs Library was opened in the late 1970s. | <urn:uuid:d39fc887-962b-4492-8878-0e953bf304d5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://douglascountyhistory.blogspot.com/2012/11/the-log-cabin-library-at-lithia-springs.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00425-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979663 | 991 | 2.109375 | 2 |
- Research article
- Open Access
Increased spread and replication efficiency of Listeria monocytogenes in organotypic brain-slices is related to multilocus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) complex
BMC Microbiology volume 15, Article number: 134 (2015)
Listeria (L.) monocytogenes causes fatal infections in many species including ruminants and humans. In ruminants, rhombencephalitis is the most prevalent form of listeriosis. Using multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) we recently showed that L. monocytogenes isolates from ruminant rhombencephalitis cases are distributed over three genetic complexes (designated A, B and C). However, the majority of rhombencephalitis strains and virtually all those isolated from cattle cluster in MLVA complex A, indicating that strains of this complex may have increased neurotropism and neurovirulence. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ruminant rhombencephalitis strains have an increased ability to propagate in the bovine hippocampal brain-slice model and can be discriminated from strains of other sources. For this study, forty-seven strains were selected and assayed on brain-slice cultures, a bovine macrophage cell line (BoMac) and a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2). They were isolated from ruminant rhombencephalitis cases (n = 21) and other sources including the environment, food, human neurolisteriosis cases and ruminant/human non-encephalitic infection cases (n = 26).
All but one L. monocytogenes strain replicated in brain slices, irrespectively of the source of the isolate or MLVA complex. The replication of strains from MLVA complex A was increased in hippocampal brain-slice cultures compared to complex C. Immunofluorescence revealed that microglia are the main target cells for L. monocytogenes and that strains from MLVA complex A caused larger infection foci than strains from MLVA complex C. Additionally, they caused larger plaques in BoMac cells, but not CaCo-2 cells.
Our brain slice model data shows that all L. monocytogenes strains should be considered potentially neurovirulent. Secondly, encephalitis strains cannot be conclusively discriminated from non-encephalitis strains with the bovine organotypic brain slice model. The data indicates that MLVA complex A strains are particularly adept at establishing encephalitis possibly by virtue of their higher resistance to antibacterial defense mechanisms in microglia cells, the main target of L. monocytogenes.
The Gram + bacterium Listeria (L.) monocytogenes is an opportunistic food-borne pathogen with considerable impact on human and livestock health and food safety. It causes listeriosis [1,2], which may manifest in distinct clinical forms including febrile gastroenteritis, abortions, septicemia, and neurolisteriosis [2,3] and is associated with high mortality [4,5]. In humans, L. monocytogenes is commonly isolated in the context of meningitis , and neurolisteriosis is responsible for high fatality rates and chronic sequelae [7–10]. In farmed ruminants, neurolisteriosis is amongst the most common causes of central nervous system (CNS) disorders and characteristically presents as encephalitis, which targets the brainstem (rhombencephalitis) and is often deadly [11–14]. Clinical observations in livestock may indicate differences in organ tropism between L. monocytogenes strains. Different clinical forms of listeriosis rarely overlap in the same ruminant herd or in the same animal during an outbreak [15,16]. Rhombencephalitis generally occurs without involvement of other organs and without inducing abortion in pregnant ruminants [17–19].
The ubiquitous nature of L. monocytogenes as a saprophytic soil inhabitant constitutes a challenge for surveillance and effective disease control . L. monocytogenes is divided into four phylogenetic lineages as determined by various genotypic and phenotypic subtyping tools [22–27] and may differ in virulence and the potential to cause epidemic outbreaks [28–33]. For instance, of the two major phylogenetic lineages I and II, which are associated with human and animal infections, lineage I is overrepresented in clinical isolates [21,22,28,31]. In contrast, lineage II strains are more commonly isolated from food and the environment. The two minor lineages III and IV are rarely isolated and are associated with ruminant infections . From the 13 known serotypes, serotype 4b (belonging to lineage I) is associated with most of the severe clinical cases and the majority of outbreaks [34,35]. Nonetheless, available subtyping methods cannot predict the virulence of a given isolate, and the propensity of certain subtypes to cause sporadic illness, epidemic outbreaks or specific clinical syndromes (e.g. neurolisteriosis) remains poorly understood [36,37].
There have been few systematic investigations of the genetic diversity of L. monocytogenes strains isolated from ruminants [31,38–40]. Using multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) of 183 isolates, we could show that ruminant rhombencephalitis strains are found predominantly in MLVA complex A and also B, belonging to lineage I, and to a lesser extent to complex C of lineage II . Nearly all rhombencephalitis strains from cattle cluster in MLVA complex A indicating that strains of this genetic complex may have increased neurotropism and neurovirulence . This observation is in line with studies showing that lineage I strains are overrepresented in rhombencephalitis, whereas lineage II strains are equally associated with rhombencephalitis, septicemia and fetal infections [38,39].
The lack of a relevant model hinders experimental determination of neurovirulent potential and neurovirulence mechanisms of L. monocytogenes strains and means that neurovirulence can at present only be defined using data from neurolisteriosis cases . In a previous study, we developed a bovine organotypic hippocampal brain-slice model, which is susceptible to L. monocytogenes . The aim of the present study was to investigate if ruminant rhombencephalitis strains can be discriminated from non-encephalitic strains using the in vitro CNS model. To this end, bovine hippocampal slices were infected with a panel of 47 selected L. monocytogenes strains from various clinical, environmental and food sources. Replication and spread of strains within brain-slice cultures were analyzed by determination of CFU’s and size of infection foci. These results were correlated with the source of the isolate and MLVA–complex of the respective strains and compared to plaque test results in two cell lines.
Infection of organotypic brain-slice cultures with L. monocytogenes strains
We analyzed replication and capacity to spread in organotypic hippocampal brain-slice cultures of 21 L. monocytogenes strains isolated from ruminant rhombencephalitis cases and 26 strains of ruminant non-encephalitic cases (abortion, mastitis, gastroenteritis), human clinical infections or food/environment (Additional file 1). All but one (bovine abortion, O/D1387/06) replicated in the brain slices (Fig. 1a) and established at least one visible focus of infection at 48 h post inoculation (Fig. 2a). Typically, values between 105 and 107 CFU were recovered from the brain-slices at 48 h post infection, which corresponds to a 103–105 times increase over the incubation period. Recovered CFU numbers were significantly higher in brain-slices infected with L. monocytogenes strains from MLVA complex A than with strains from MLVA complex C (Fig. 1b, p < 0.001). The difference between MLVA complexes was also apparent with encephalitis strains, although as a statistically non-significant tendency (p = 0.055, Fig. 1c). Additionally, strains from complex A spread over a significantly larger area than strains from complex C (Fig. 3a and b, p = 0.03). No differences in CFU counts were detected when comparing strains by host species or source except between human strains isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and environmental strains (Fig. 1d and Fig. 4a). Human CSF strains spread farther than strains isolated from small ruminants (Fig. 3c) and from the environment (Fig. 4b).
In agreement with our previous study , immunofluorescence with L. monocytogenes antibodies and cell markers revealed that the vast majority of bacteria were located in the cytoplasm of microglia, irrespective of the strain (Fig. 2b). Only a few bacteria were associated with neurofilaments or astrocytes (data not shown).
Plaque forming assays in cell lines
To assess whether the results obtained in the brain-slice infection assay are tissue specific, we performed plaque forming assays [43,44] in two cell lines: BoMac (bovine macrophages) and CaCo-2 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line). In parallel to the results in brain-slices, all strains except O/D1387/06 caused plaques in the BoMac cell line (Fig. 5a), and strains from MLVA complex A caused significantly larger plaques than strains from complex C (Fig. 5b). In contrast, plaque assays in CaCo-2 cells demonstrated no correlation between plaque size and MLVA-complex (Fig. 5e). Intriguingly, strain O/D1387/06 caused plaques half the size of the reference strain in this cell line, although it made no plaques in BoMac cells (Fig. 5d). Also, the mean absolute plaque size of L. monocytogenes strains was significantly larger in CaCo-2 cells than in BoMac cells (1.3 vs 0.9 mm, p < 0.001). In the Caco-2 cell line (Fig. 5f), but not in the BoMac cell line (Fig. 5c), human clinical strains produced larger plaques than strains isolated from small ruminants.
Given the ubiquitous presence of L. monocytogenes in the environment, discrimination of neurovirulent subtypes would be highly desirable for surveillance purposes and effective disease control, especially with regard to the high mortality rate [35,45] and the high frequency of persistent neurologic deficits associated with neurolisteriosis [10,41]. In our study, infection assays with L. monocytogenes strains from various sources and MLVA complexes showed that all L. monocytogenes strains except one are able to replicate and spread in bovine brain-slices and that discrimination between rhombencephalitis and non-encephalitic strains is not possible in this system. Hence, based on our results we suggest that all L. monocytogenes strains should be regarded as potentially neurovirulent, independent of their genotype and source of isolation. Brain-slices have the inherent drawback that they only model the intracerebral phase of L. monocytogenes infection and can not mimic invasion barriers (i.e. the blood–brain barrier in hematogenous infection or the cranial nerve in rhombencephalitis). Hence, we cannot exclude that encephalitogenic strains diverge from other L. monocytogenes strains due to their efficiency of brain invasion.
MLVA complex A strains (lineage I) showed a higher replication and spread farther in brain-slices than strains from complex C, indicating that they are better adapted to establish encephalitis. This observation is in accordance with the higher prevalence of lineage I strains in clinical infections and in particular ruminant rhombencephalitis compared to lineage II strains [21,22,31]. Analysis of strains according to their source did not identify significant differences in replication and spread in brain-slices except between human and environmental or small ruminant isolates. However, these observations are likely to be related to the MLVA complex of the strains. All human CSF strains belonged to MLVA complexes A and B (lineage I), whereas all environmental and the majority of small ruminant strains belonged to complex C (lineage II). Microglia, the innate immune cells and resident macrophages of the CNS , were the main target cells for all L. monocytogenes strains investigated in hippocampal brain slices. The replication of L. monocytogenes within microglia indicates that these may paradoxically act as a replication niche for L. monocytogenes during encephalitis. In this aspect, our model is consistent with the natural disease, where most bacteria are found within phagocytes of microabscesses .
MLVA complex A strains form larger plaques in the bovine macrophage cell line (BoMac) than complex C strains. Interestingly, this difference was not apparent in CaCo-2 cells, where plaques were generally larger than in BoMac cells, indicating a particularly high susceptibility of epithelial cells to L. monocytogenes, which does not allow further differentiation. This notion is further supported by the fact that strain O/D1387/06, a complex C strain that seems to be naturally attenuated, completely failed to replicate and spread in brain-slices and to cause plaques in BoMac cells, but caused small plaques in CaCo-2 cells. Further analysis of this strain revealed a novel PrfA truncation, associated with the attenuated phenotype in vitro .
Our data suggests that differences in replication and spread between L. monocytogenes strains are host cell type-specific. Contradictory experimental data on L. monocytogenes virulence from studies using various types of cell lines may support this view [44,48–54]. Unlike CaCo-2 cells, BoMac (derived from bovine macrophages) and microglia share essential features including phagocytic potential and a respiratory burst system . Taken together, the more efficient replication and spread of MLVA complex A vs. complex C strains in microglia and macrophages suggests that complex A strains are more resistant to mononuclear antibacterial defense mechanisms. In this context, it should be noted that listeriolysin S, a virulence factor induced by oxidative stress, has been implicated in L. monocytogenes survival within phagocytes and is specifically expressed by strains of lineage I .
Our data demonstrates that all L. monocytogenes strains should be considered potentially neurovirulent and encephalitis strains cannot be conclusively discriminated from non-encephalitis strains using the bovine organotypic brain-slice model. In this CNS model, microglia cells are the main target cells for all tested L. monocytogenes strains, which are able to multiply in these phagocytic cells. Correlation of MLVA data with our in vitro data show that strains from MLVA complex A replicate and spread better in bovine microglia and macrophages possibly by virtue of their higher resistance to mononuclear antibacterial defense mechanisms. These results support the notion that L. monocytogenes strains from MLVA complex A are highly accomplished at establishing encephalitis.
Forty-seven L. monocytogenes strains were investigated in brain-slice cultures and cell lines (Additional file 1). The MLVA-type of 44 strains had been obtained in a previous study and the MLVA-type of three other ruminant isolates (JF4971, JF5052 and JF4978; Additional file 1) were determined during this study by analysis of tandem repeat numbers at eight loci according to Sperry et al. . A minimal spanning tree was created in the BioNumerics software (Version 6.6, Applied Maths Inc., Austin, Texas, USA) in order to define the MLVA complex of the strains . Twenty-one strains isolated from ruminant rhombencephalitis cases were selected based on the following criteria: 1) differences at the 8 MLVA loci and 2) similar numerical representation of the two large MLVA complexes, to which most of the ruminant rhombencephalitis strains belong (MLVA complex A: n = 12; MLVA complex C: n = 9). The ruminant rhombencephalitis strains were compared to a similar number of L. monocytogenes strains from other sources (n = 26) available in our strain collection (Additional file 1). The latter included strains from ruminant non-encephalitic cases including gastroenteritis, mastitis and abortion (n = 7), human clinical cases (n = 9), food and environmental (n = 10) and mainly belonged to MLVA complex C (n = 18). Four strains belonged to MLVA complex A, one strain was a single locus variant associated with MLVA complex A and three strains belonged to MLVA complex B. Non-invasive Listeria innocua type strain CCUG15531T (Culture Collection University of Göteborg) was used as negative control.
Organotypic brain-slice cultures
Hippocampal brain samples from calves under 6 months of age were obtained from the slaughterhouse. A vibratome (Leica VT1000S) was used to cut 350 μm brain-slices and were cultured on membrane inserts (Vitaris, No. 3450 or 3460) as previously described .
Infection assays in ruminant organotypic brain-slice cultures
Brain-slices were infected at day 7 in culture. Penicillin and streptomycin were removed from the organotypic brain-slice cultures 1 h prior to inoculation in the first set of experiments and 4 days prior to inoculation in the later experiments due to batch variation of the antibiotics. Medium was changed to a serum-free formula 1 h prior to inoculation. Bacteria were plated on trypticase soy agar (TSA), incubated at 37 °C for 15 h and subsequently diluted using the McFarland optical density standard. One hundred CFU in 0.1 μl NaCl (determined by plating on TSA plates) were focally injected into the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus using a 0.5 μl syringe (Hamilton, 7402 Bonaduz, Switzerland. Model 7000.5 KHOC) and a micromanipulator (made in-house). Brain-slices were incubated with the bacteria for 3 h and subsequently the inoculation medium was substituted with gentamicin-containing medium (final concentration 0.01 mg/ml). All experiments were carried out at least in triplicate and included L. innocua (negative control) and an internal control strain (L104, from bovine rhombencephalitis, MLVA complex A) for normalization. For analysis of bacterial replication CFU’s were determined 48 h post infection by lysing infected brain-slices in 1 ml PBS containing 55 μl Isolator (Wampole, Oxoid) and plating serial dilutions on TSA plates. For analysis of bacterial spread, brain-slices were fixed in 4 % (w/v) paraformaldehyde at 48 h post infection. Following overnight fixation, brain-slices were incubated in 18 % (w/v) sucrose (Sigma, S0389) for 12 h, cut with a cryotome into 4.5 μm-thick sections and stored at −20 °C until further use. Immunofluorescence was performed using the following primary antibodies: anti-Listeria O serotypes 1 and 4 (polyclonal rabbit antibody, No. 223021, Difco, Sparks, MD, USA), neurofilament (monoclonal mouse antibody, No M0762, DAKO, Glostrup, Denmark), GFAP (monoclonal mouse antibody, No. Ab4648, Abcam, Cambridge UK) and CD68 (monoclonal mouse antibody, clone EBM11, DAKO, Glostrup, Denmark). Alexa Fluor 488 and 544 were used as secondary antibodies (No. A21428, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA,) . Nuclei were stained with TOTO-3 (no T3604, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA USA), and 10x images were acquired on an Olympus FV1000 confocal microscope. The total area covered by L. monocytogenes was measured on the immunofluorescence labeled cryosections of brain-slices using the Olympus FV10-ASW Version 03.01.01.09 software and expressed in μm2.
Plaque assay in bovine macrophages and CaCo-2 cells
Plaque forming assays were performed according to a previous study in an immortalized bovine macrophage cell line (BoMac, kindly provided by D. Dobbelaere, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty Bern) and the human enterocyte-like CaCo-2 cell line (ATCC No. HTB37). Both cell lines were grown in DMEM (Gibco 61965–026) supplemented with penicillin/streptomycin (Gibco, 15140–122, used 1:100) and 10 % fetal calf serum (FCS) (BoMac cells) or 20 % FCS (CaCo-2 cells), respectively. Cells were grown to confluence in a 24-well plate overnight at 37 °C, washed with warm PBS and inoculated with 103 CFU L. monocytogenes (MOI 0.01) in antibiotic free medium supplemented with 2 % FCS. Following 1 h incubation the medium was removed, cells were washed with PBS and overlaid with medium containing 0.7 % agarose and 0.01 mg/ml gentamicin. The size of five randomly chosen plaques per well were measured 72 h post infection. Experiments were carried out in duplicate and the internal control strain L104 was included in all experiments.
All results were normalized to the internal control strain L104. Statistical analysis was performed with the Prism Software (Version 5.03, Graph Pad Software Inc.). The Mann–Whitney test was used to determine the p-values where two groups were compared. For comparison of multiple groups, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used with Dunn’s multiple comparisons as post-test. As only three strains belonged to complex B, they were excluded from the statistical analysis comparing complexes.
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Del Corral F, Buchanan RL, Bencivengo MM, Cooke PH. Quantitative comparison of selected virulence-associated characteristics in food and clinical isolates of Listeria. J Food Prot. 1990;53:1003–9.
Roberts AJ, Williams SK, Wiedmann M, Nightingale KK. Some Listeria monocytogenes outbreak strains demonstrate significantly reduced invasion, inlA transcript levels, and swarming motility in vitro. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009;75:5647–58.
Werbrouck H, Grijspeerdt K, Botteldoorn N, Van Pamel E, Rijpens N, Van Damme J, et al. Differential inlA and inlB expression and interaction with human intestinal and liver cells by Listeria monocytogenes strains of different origins. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006;72:3862–71.
Cotter PD, Draper LA, Lawton EM, Daly KM, Groeger DS, Casey PG, et al. Listeriolysin S, a novel peptide haemolysin associated with a subset of lineage I Listeria monocytogenes. PLoS Pathog. 2008;4:e1000144.
This project was funded by the 3R Research Foundation Switzerland for the promotion of alternative research methods in animal experimentation. Amandine Ruffieux contributed much appreciated help in the laboratory. Stefan Holzer from Metzgerei Holzer in Hindelbank provided us with the brain material. We are very grateful for his willingness to accommodate us and to adjust his schedule to meet our needs.
All authors declare that they have no competing interests.
AO, TS and AZ conceived and designed the study. CG established the organotypic brain-slices and carried out the majority of the lab work. MB helped preparing the organotypic brain-slices. JF participated in the design of the study and provided valuable input at all stages of the project. CG, AO and TS drafted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12866-015-0492-7.
About this article
Cite this article
Guldimann, C., Bärtschi, M., Frey, J. et al. Increased spread and replication efficiency of Listeria monocytogenes in organotypic brain-slices is related to multilocus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) complex. BMC Microbiol 15, 134 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-015-0454-0
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Organotypic brain slice
- Plaque test
- In vitro model
- MLVA complex | <urn:uuid:51606aa6-2d50-4d3c-81fa-aebaa23c1e4c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12866-015-0454-0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.861079 | 8,553 | 1.921875 | 2 |
This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers.
Nanoparticles are the solid particles which are colloidal in nature and their size ranges from 10 to 400nm. They are made up of macromolecular materials where the active ingredient (drug) is entrapped, encapsulated or incorporated or onto which it is adsorbed or attached. For drugs, large and broad antigenic sequences and immunomodulatory factors liposomes can be used for encapsulation and these serve as potent delivery vehicles. Liposomes are used to target the drugs to tumors and thus representing an attractive therapeutic strategy. Thus liposomal drug delivery system is a better way to administer drugs so as to avoid any complications and side effects and also to provide better availability of the drug.
One important characteristic of liposomal formulation is that it can avoid reticuloendothelial system (RES) uptake. The reduction in RES uptake leads to increased pharmacokinetic and biological benefits to the chemotherapy under process. It imparts better specificity and selectivity and plasma half life is increased with decrease in toxic effects.
Liposomal drugs flowing in the blood cannot exude/extravasate from the blood vessels that are intact, instead these drug molecules accumulate in the areas where there are discontinuous capillaries like those in tumor tissues. It is known that Kaposi's Sarcoma is a highly vascularised tumour with capillary leakage thus the property of liposomal drug discussed here proves to be helpful in this case. Liposomes however also target the RES and while circulating in the blood these liposomes bind to the immunoglobulins and plasma proteins which leads to RES uptake which is can be useful in case of immunomodulatory therapy but in most anti-cancer therapies this is not desirable.
History and Development of DaunoXome:
Daunoxome (liposomal daunorubicin) is a product originally developed by NeXstar pharmaceuticals and launched in the year 1996. The company was then owned by Gilead Sciences in March 1999. DaunoXome was then acquired from Gilead Sciences by 'Galen' which is a Northern Ireland Pharmaceutical company. DaunoXome is used for the treatment of Kaposi's Sarcoma. Kaposi's Sarcoma was identified in the year 1872 by Moritz Kaposi, a Hungarian dermatologist. Kaposi's Sarcoma is characterized by mesenchymal tumor which involves blood and lymph vessels. There are many variants of this disease. Kaposi's Sarcoma is commonly seen in patients with HIV infection. It is becoming one of the fast growing cancer among AIDS patients worldwide. DaunoXome demonstrated higher levels of in vivo stability and specificity due to which the patients suffering from Kaposi's Sarcoma could benefit at higher doses without any significant cardiotoxicity. Daunorubicin is an anthracycline antibiotic which induces programmed apoptosis in cells and it is cell specific.
Phase IV Preclinical studies were performed using DaunoXome (liposomal daunorubicin) which is used for treating the patients with AIDS related Kaposi's sarcoma. The subjects which were chosen for this study were eligible if they were HIV positive, had Kaposi sarcoma and were subjected to at least one daunorubicin treatment. From thirteen university hospitals 94 subject files were studied out of which 80% received cytostatic treatment prior to the first daunorubicin treatment cycle. The mean CD4 lymphocyte count was found to be 114/µl and to the 70% of patients the drug daunorubicin was given as single chemotherapy. The partial response rate and the complete response rate was found to be 26.5% and 11.5% respectively in accordance with ACTG (Aids Clinical Trials Group Oncology Committee). In 29% of the treatment cycles the hematopoietic growth factor was prescribed and after the final evaluation 71% out of the total number of subjects were alive and even after administering high doses of the drug there was no cardiotoxicity observed. Following table illustrates the main characteristics of the 94 subjects with AIDS related Kaposi's Sarcoma prior to the first daunorubicin treatment cycle:
A phase II study was conducted on 18 subjects and out of these 18 , 8 were subjected to higher doses of DaunoXome and 10 were subjected to low doses of the same drug and it was seen that the drug could resistant and relapsed lymphoma without showing any cardiotoxicity.
56 (60%) of the subjects were suffering from at least one opportunistic disease prior to the first daunorubicin treatment cycle and at baseline the mean HIV plasma loads (in 54 [57%] of subjects) and the mean CD4 count was found to be 5.38 ± 5.58 and 5.16 ± 5.09 and 114± 20 /µl respectively.
80% of the subjects received cytostatic treatment prior to daunorubicin administraion along with administration of doxorubicin in 27% (26) of subjects. The mean period was of 1 year counted from starting of diagnosis of Kaposi's Sarcoma to the first treatment cycle of daunorubicin.
In 66 out of the total (94) subjects Daunorubicin was administered as a single therapy. In 28 subjects daunorubicin was given initially to 3/28 primarily and to 25/28 secondarily with other cytostatic treatment. The mean daunorubicin dose intensity was 77%. Due to the progression Kaposi Sarcoma the dose in 14 subjects was increased from 40 to 60 mg/m² and in 6 of the subjects the dose was decreased due to intolerance or toxicity. The mean cumulative dose and the mean treatment duration for daunorubicin were 674 mg/m² and 258 ± 25 days respectively.
Final Evaluation and Analysis:
The CD4 count was done and it was found that the mean CD4 cells were higher than those found at the baseline. In 33 out of the total number of subjects the plasma viral load was evaluated and the mean values were not different from the baseline. 67 subjects were found to be alive during the final evaluation.
A randomized , open-label clinical study was conducted at 13 centres. The study took place in Canada and USA and was performed on subjects having advanced HIV-related Kaposi's sarcoma which is characterized by the presence of 25 or more mucocutaneous lesions, 10 or more within a month etc. For this purpose a regimen making use of two drugs was applied as first line cytotoxic therapy. The drugs DaunXome 40mg/m2 and ABV (doxorubicin [adriamycin] 10mg/m2, bleomycin 15U and vincristine 1mg) were administered every 2 weeks intravenously. Adriamycin is a registered trademark of Pharmacia and Upjohn Co. For the responses to be recorded and assessed the ACTG (Aids Clinical Trials Group Oncology Committee) criteria was used . The efficacy results were summarized as follows:
Out of 33 ABV, twenty responders responded by shrinkage and/or decrease in number of lesions which is a more stringent criteria than flattening of lesions.
Out of 27 DaunoXome , 11 responders did not respond by the criteria of flattening of the lesions but by different criteria. The tumor response to both , Daunoxome and ABV was easily compared with respect to the anatomical sites such as feet, oral cavity, face, trunk, legs etc. using photographic evidence.
In the year 1996 NeXstar Pharmaceuticals Inc. announced that the final marketing authorisation for DaunoXome which is a drug used for treatment of Aids related Kaposi's Sarcoma will be issued by the 10 member states of the EUROPEAN COMMUNITY which include: Germany, Denmark, Greece , Ireland, Sweden, Portugal , Luxembourg, Belgium, Austria , Netherland. The company acquired the approval from the United States FOOD AND DRUG (FDA) to sell the drug in April 1996 and thus they launched the drug DaunoXome on May 1st 1996. DaunoXome has been approved in CANADA as a rescue therapy for the treatment of Kaposi's Sarcoma. To broaden or expand the clinical use of DaunoXome , Nexstar pharmaceuticals decided to conduct phase II trials on DaunoXome in U.S and Europe for treatment of several other oncological conditions such as lung cancer, breast cancer , leukaemia , lymphoma etc.
In animal models it was found that liposomal drug DaunoXome was more effective than when administered as a free drug intravenously. A phase II trial was performed on 11 women with prior untreated metastatic breast cancer and it was found that DaunoXome is significantly tolerated and has shown anti-tumor activity for treating advanced breast cancer.
In few countries however, the drug DaunoXome can be prescribed by certain physicians who demand the product even if there is no regulatory approval for that product in that country. However, all the technical support , assistance and guidance is provided by the marketing professionals belonging to the company. NeXstar pharmaceuticals priced DaunoXome in few of its market in a currency with respect to that country where such pharmaceuticals are sold but the revenues were affected due to fluctuations in the currency.
In 4 subjects under trial during the initial phases the systolic blood pressure decreased by 20-30mm which gave rise to chest pain similar to angina pectoris. In 3 of 4 subjects under trial the symptoms decreased after stopping the drug infusion and the symptoms didn't occur again as the patient was given 100mg hydrocortisone prior the second cycle. In 1 of the 4 subjects the treatment had to be aborted due to the severe hypotension observed during the start of the second cycle. However, 1 hour before the treatment with DaunoXome all the subjects were given 100mg hydrocortisone so as to avoid any possibility of hypotension. Grade 4 wasn't seen in 15 subjects under study and in 5 subjects Grade 3 leucopoenia was seen and grade 1 thrombocytopenia was observed in not more than 1 subject. Toxic effects like nausea and vomiting were observed in 4 subjects for 2-3 days after the administration of DaunoXome. One of the subject developed mild alopecia.
In urothelial Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC) DaunoXome showed no significant activity and this effect was due to the fact that this drug could not treat tumour in this kind of malignancy. However in the case of advanced bladder cancer 100mg/m² dose of DaunoXome every third week is not found to be active. The liposomal DaunoXome is made up of three major components and these are : primary compound daunorubicin, cholesterol and distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DPC). Daunorubicin is prepared/formulated as a citrate salt so as to assist in drug encapsulation. The uptake in the reticuloendothelial system (RES) is minimal because of the smaller particle size and the neutral nature of DaunoXome which ultimately results in prolonged drug circulation. Efficiency of DaunoXome (liposomal daunorubicin) compared to the conventional daunorubicin was studied using mice with lymphosarcoma and it was found that daunorubicin levels in plasma were higher in mice treated with DaunoXome than those treated with conventional daunorubicin. The free daunorubicin was rapidly excreted than liposomal daunorubicin. However, the tumor drug accumulation rate was significantly higher in mice treated with conventional drug than in those treated with Daunoxome ; area under curve values were higher in the DaunoXome treatment than in free daunorubicin treatment.
After the clinical trial/studies were performed it was observed that the more prominent side effect/toxic effect caused by DaunoXome is leucopoenia which was seen in 11% - 17% of the treatment cycles. 85% of the subjects that were administered DaunoXome showed signs of grade 3/4 neutropenia. Statistics also showed that leucopoenia was observed more in DaunoXome treated subjects than in combination therapy which includes doxorubicin, bleomycin and vincristine (ABV). Although not much differences were found in the subjects treated with DaunoXome and other conventional drugs used for similar purpose, Daunoxome resulted in less alopecia and neuropathy than that caused by conventional chemotherapy.
The clinical trials performed till now included male HIV positive subjects. The efficacy of DaunoXome was thus observed with respect to male participants (subjects). It is necessary to study the effect of DaunoXome (liposomal daunorobucin) on female subjects as well since little or no data is available on female HIV positive related Kaposi's Sarcoma. Also very little information is available about the effect of DaunoXome on HIV negative subjects.
In the year 1995 the product DaunoXome was licensed first in the United Kingdom and then it was approved by the FDA.
DaunoXome is useful in treatment of Kaposi's Sarcoma. However, it has several side effects. Daunoxome causes mild alopecia and nausea in patients suffering from Kaposi's Sarcoma. Since these toxic effects are not much significant , DaunoXome is still considered as a treatment for Kaposi's Sarcoma caused primarily due to HIV infection. | <urn:uuid:249b46b9-cb78-4769-8cbc-fa7e4570cde2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.ukessays.com/essays/biology/need-for-liposomal-drug-formulation-biology-essay.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00139-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963385 | 2,929 | 2.875 | 3 |
On July 7, Laramie County Library had the pleasure of hosting an evening with Mark E. Miller, former Wyoming State Archeologist and author of the new book, Big Nose George: His Troublesome Trail. The book chronicles the events of the Elk Mountain Murders which took place in Carbon County in August of 1878.
The book’s namesake, Big Nose George Parrot, is preserved in Wyoming outlaw infamy not so much because of his death at the hands of an irate citizen mob in Rawlins, but by the lurid details of what happened to his body after his lynching. Miller’s book focuses less on the sensationalism of George’s grim demise and more on what the historic record can tell us about why the Powder River Gang ambushed and murdered two lawmen, Robert Widdowfield and Henry “Tip” Vicncent, and how the crime’s aftermath affected a community.
I planned the event with an estimated attendance of thirty people, but quickly realized I had severely miscalculated community interest in a topic such as the Elk Mountain Murders. Eighty people showed up to hear Mark talk about his book! I was scrambling to accommodate extra seating, but I was not left to toil alone. A few off-duty library staff members and several community members helped me wrangle chairs into place, then pitched in afterwards putting chairs away so we could clear a space for the book signing. The kindness, generosity, and patience exhibited by everyone who came to this event was simply amazing. Thank you, Cheyenne and surrounding Laramie County, for your continual support of your library and your exemplary community spirit. It’s an honor to work for and live in this community.
If you’re interested in brushing up on Wyoming history during Cheyenne Frontier Days, stop by the library to cool off and browse our extensive collection of western history materials. We have two copies of Big Nose George: His Troublesome Trail available for check out as well as many other books on a range of historical figures and events. Of particular interest may be our Special Collections, which houses Wyoming Reference, Genealogy, and Trails collections. Items in Special Collections are reference materials and are therefore not available for check out.
To keep up with library hosted events please visit our online event calendar: https://lclsonline.org/calendar/
There are also monthly event calendars and bookmarks available at all public service desks. | <urn:uuid:1a3bf21b-613c-419c-86da-da87174cd4a0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lclsonline.org/an-evening-with-mark-miller/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.962649 | 519 | 1.679688 | 2 |
While the Schott Foundation is pleased that Kentucky legislators are reviewing its data to address the alarming low graduation rate of African American males, we are concerned that they are considering the wrong solution to the problem: charter schools. The opportunity gap that has led to the persistent achievement gap between students of color and their White peers is a systemic problem.
The following is a press release from the Annenberg Institute for School Reform concerning their new, must-read guide to teacher quality in educaiton reform. You can download the PDF of the guide here.
Vouchers – as well as state-sponsored tax-credit programs that support private schools – are not the answer to ensuring America’s children have a fair and substantive opportunity to learn. These programs divert resources from public schools, affect a limited number of students and, most studies show, don’t improve children’s educational experiences.
It’s a simple fact that schools must be safe environments for teachers to teach and children to learn. But harsh discipline policies that are pushing out students for minor infractions defy common sense.
The achievement gap between White students and Black and Latino students correlates to the OPPORTUNITY GAP—disparity in access to quality schools and the resources needed for academic success, such as early childhood education, highly prepared and effective teachers, college preparatory curricula, and equitable instructional resources.
Worse than the dire academic and achievement statistics for our nation's male students of color is the notion that those dismal numbers (graduation rates, drop out rates, testing scores, etc.) are repeated so often that they may be losing their shock value and, consequently, their ability to inspire action. In the February issue of Phi Delta Kappa Magazine, Pedro Noguera, the Peter L.
Below are the organizations, studies and data you can consult for information on the opportunity gap and the negative impact it has on the ability of of every child to have access to a quality education. | <urn:uuid:af98bdc2-55c8-4b21-a907-6d6ad5cd77e7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://schottfoundation.org/category/state/minnesota?page=5 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00419-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952842 | 403 | 3.140625 | 3 |
New Vocabulary Words for Caregivers
Last updated:March 28, 2008
De-stigmatizing. Re-thinking. Re-naming. If there's a bright thread running through this week's big "Aging in America" conference presented by the National Council on Aging and the American Society on Aging, it's that program by program, provider by provider, the whole concept of eldercare is going through a tremendous shift in a hugely productive direction. Just in time for us and our parents.
You have to love, for example, the vision of an "age rich, elder-wealthy society" painted by William Thomas, an inspiring gerontologist at the University of Maryland Erickson School of Aging. "The 21st century requires more than compassion; it requires that we exercise our imaginations," he said. "We need to move beyond the stigmatizing of dependency and the lionization of independence."
In other words, let's focus on what IS -- all the shades of grey -- and mine good from it.
How about these new words I heard that reflect this rethinking:
- "Care partner" instead of caregiver, reflecting the idea that older people aren't necessarily helpless
- "Senior move manager" -- A brilliant new kind of consultant helping both generations navigate this fraught transition
- "Aging-in-community" -- a third alternative to aging-in-place or an institution
- "Grand-family" -- The new name for the 6 million grandparents who are heads of household for kids under 18 (up 30 percent in 10 years!)
- "Age-friendly" --as in housing --friendly for all ages, baby to elder
- "The aging services network replacing "longterm care." Expect to hear more of this proactive, collaborative phrase, which reflects a billions-of-dollars effort to unify and reform federal, state, and local agencies and services for all payers (not just Medicaid), to be announced in the coming months.
- "Disorders of longevity" replacing "disorders of old age." Uber-gerontologist Robert Butler, authorC of the new book The Longevity Revolution points out that we now know many diseases that show up late begin early in life. "Osteoporosis may be a pediatric disease," he says, in that the roots of bone integrity are laid down in adolescence or earlier
- "Cognitive health" -- possibly the most critical kind of health you've never heard of
Re-framing colors how we see everything! Not to sound Pollyannaish -- watching parents age is no picnic, and problems still outstrip solutions. But especially in a disorder like dementia, victims and their caregivers often see only the dark side when there is still plenty of light.
Maybe we need a new dictionary for this new age of caregiving -- er, carepartnering. What words would you add to the new vocabulary list?
Image by Flickr user sergis blog used under the Creative Commons attribution license.
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- Mom Far Away? Cool Gift Ideas, and Yes, There's Still Time!
- The Junk Wars: 8 Ways to Get Rid of Aging Parents' "Stuff" (and Your Resentment Over Having to Deal With It)
- World Alzheimer's Day and Why People With Alzheimer's Need It
- Secret Cure for Deadly Stress: Taking the Team Approach
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By Bob Frederickson
From Very Small Spaces to Very Big Numbers
‘Tiny Home’ Concept Coming (back) to SW Florida?
You’re probably aware of the ‘tiny home’ trend that has caught on in some parts of the country, mostly in places like San Francisco, Seattle and other communities where housing costs have soared beyond the means of modest wage earners lacking trust funds or degrees in software engineering or database analytics. There are even shows featuring the phenomenon on cable TV, including Tiny House, Big Living on the Home & Garden channel and Tiny House Hunting on FYI.
But so far the trend has failed to gain much traction here in SW Florida, where conspicuous consumption has been cultivated as an art form, where bigger is almost universally seen as better, where modest, functional/practical homes have been torn down by new owners in some of our more affluent neighborhoods and replaced with towering ‘mega-mansions’ that cast enormous shadows (both literally and figuratively) over their formerly well-proportioned neighborhoods. Just take a drive through Country Club Shores on Longboat Key if you need to see for yourself.
So I was surprised to read about a recently approved development called Hunters Point planned for just under 19 acres north of Cortez Road adjacent to the northern reaches of Sarasota Bay in Manatee County. According to the Herald Tribune, the project will feature 86 solar equipped ‘cracker’ style cottages boasting 484 square feet of interior space…Really? 484 square feet? Why, that would barely qualify as a reasonably sized kitchen in some parts of town.
The irony here is that the concept of small living spaces has already come and gone in these parts, with the many beach cottages built on Siesta Key back in the late 40s and throughout the ‘50s as part of the genesis of what would come to be known as the Sarasota School of Architecture pioneered by Paul Rudolph who later went on to become dean of Yale University’s School of Architecture.
Those early designs featured simple, open floor plans and exterior walls that merged exterior and interior spaces with such innovations as the now ubiquitous sliding glass door, which originated right here in Sarasota. Early examples were small and open to the outdoors allowing breezes and filtered light to stream in…They were perfect as beach getaways; but alas, success led to ever larger, grander examples like the Umbrella House on Lido Shores in a trend reminiscent to my mind of the svelte, classic 1955 Thunderbird morphing into the giant, gas guzzling monstrosity it became throughout the 60s and 70s.
So good luck to Hunters Point developer Marshall Gobuty and his plan to return to a simpler time when less was seen as more. But I just wonder if his vision can survive the inevitable crush of potential buyers asking his sales associates to ‘super size’ their orders.
Returning Merchandise Means Never Having to Say You’re Sorry…
Have you ever felt guilty about returning merchandise that maybe you used once or twice, then wrapped back up as best you could in the original packaging and brought back to the store for a full refund? Well, apparently there was no such anxiety for a Costco shopper who purchased a ‘live’ Christmas tree before the holidays and then returned it a week after Christmas, wanting a full refund because…(wait for it)…the tree died!
No, you can’t make this stuff up. But perhaps the most ridiculous part of this story? Costco gave the woman her money back!
Squeezing in an Appointment at the Dentist’s Office
Authorities are still trying to figure out how a driver was able to crash his car into the second story of a medical office building in Santa Anna California last week, though speed, just the right angle of impact with a median…and yes, alcohol and/or drugs, are all suspected in this improbable traffic mishap that left the driver and his vehicle wedged in the window of a dentist’s office, 10 feet off the ground.
Laissez Les Bon Temps Rouler!
Mardi Gras is just around the corner and if you want to partake in the festivities but don’t have the boundless time and energy that propelled you on road trips to New Orleans during your misspent youth, well, perhaps you should consider getting your ticket punched for Goodwill Manasota’s 13th annual Mardi Gras Gala on February 8th, 6-9 pm at Michael’s on East in Sarasota.
There will be Cajun music, shrimp étouféé, crab cakes, jambalaya. Guests are encouraged to dress in masks and beads and all manner of ridiculous costumes; an open bar will serve hurricanes and other adult beverages.
And in the spirit of Lent, your ticket proceeds will contribute to the community by actually helping Goodwill Manasota help folks get the type of training and experience needed to land and keep a job, a refreshing and vastly more successful ‘hand-up’ approach to helping turn lives around than the ‘handout’ approach that has contributed to the growing, self-perpetuating problem of homelessness in the area over the past several years.
While the intoxicating element of risk that accompanied those long ago trips to the Big Easy may be missing, at least you shouldn’t have to worry about waking up face down in the street in an unfamiliar part of town outside the French Quarter, where if you’re lucky, all that’s missing is your wallet.
For information and tickets, call 941-355-2721, ext. 104. But get a move on, this event usually sells out quickly.
Run Oprah, Run!
Yet more evidence of the truth behind Paul Simon’s observation in the song “The Boxer” that “…a man hears what he wants to hear and disregards the rest…”
It comes in the aftermath of Oprah’s dramatic and moving speech delivered at the Golden Globe Awards in which she addressed recent revelations of entrenched sexual harassment throughout Hollywood and other corridors of power.
The resulting swoon by the media suddenly had Oprah running for President in 2020. But the narrative initially got started due to a misunderstanding on the part of her longtime companion Stedman Graham of a reporter’s backstage question.
Asked if Oprah would make a run for president, Stedman replied “Absolutely!” But amid the noise, he had misheard the question. What he thought he was being asked was whether Oprah would make a good president.
Most everyone heard his answer in the context of the question the reporter had actually asked; few heard the later explanation of his answer in terms of what he thought her question had been, proving yet again the power of fake news, intentional or not: that a good story can circle the globe before the truth can get its shoes on.
Amazing Numbers for Amazon
If this was a youth baseball game it would have been called after the first inning with Amazon ahead a gazillion to nothing and the competition – even Wal-Mart –thoroughly demoralized.
According to Bloomberg News, Amazon accounted for 89% of online spending from Thanksgiving to Christmas. Talk about covering it all from A-to-Z as the company’s smiley face logo suggests, Amazon’s dominance in online retail would make the robber barons of the gilded age blush. But few politicians or writers today seem to notice or care the way the likes of Theodore Roosevelt and Sinclair Lewis did early on in the last century. Remember how fearful everyone was over Wal-Mart’s supposed dominance of retail not that long ago? Even at its zenith, it was nothing like Amazon’s online dominance today.
And on a related item:
Amazon founder Jeff Bezos is now not only the richest person alive; he is the richest person to have ever lived, with a reported wealth of $105 billion.
The early bird may get the worm, but the second mouse gets the cheese. | <urn:uuid:e95dc2ff-4093-47a7-bc0e-5ead9615881b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://siestasand.us/off-key-02-18/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.960666 | 1,687 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Preparing the Shi'a for the Age of Occultation
The doctrine of “Mahdi” has a long history among Muslims, especially Shi‘ites. Muslims have been familiar with the matter through Prophetic and Imams’ hadiths. Islamic sources contain many hadiths in which the Holy Prophet (S) and the Imams (A) have reported on the happening of the occultation and its relating issues, reports confirming that there will be that there will be two occultations for him, one of which will be longer than the other.
There are also many hadiths about this issue in Sunni sources. Based on these hadiths, as researchers have also mentioned, it can be claimed that the doctrine of Mahdi (A) has been one of the well-known, common and undeniable issues. Therefore, Shi‘ites would enter the “age of occultation” with a long-enough preparation and 260 years of history. The Shi‘ites’ knowledge of the doctrine of Mahdi did not only concern the heart of the matter but also included its features and details. | <urn:uuid:81c4483e-188c-44f1-a17b-c9e0c8d1eca2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://messageofthaqalayn.com/index.php/archive/volume-10/number-4/50-preparing-the-shi-a-for-the-age-of-occultation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.969492 | 228 | 2.609375 | 3 |
An important key to long-term health and well-being is often lowering cholesterol levels. In fact, high cholesterol is one of the leading factors of heart disease, which is the number one killer of wo
An important key to long-term health and well-being is often lowering cholesterol levels. In fact, high cholesterol is one of the leading factors of heart disease, which is the number one killer of women and men in North America. Now, with Eat Well, Live Well with High Cholesterol: Low Cholesterol Recipes and Tips, everyone can make health-conscious changes to their diet without having to compromise gourmet taste.
The Eat Well, Live Well series provides information for people with special dietary needs.
- Each title includes an introduction written by a prominent dietitian that will help facilitate living with a specific condition and diet.
- Alongside the more than 100 easy and delicious recipes in each book are easy-to-follow tips about treating, diagnosing and ultimately living comfortably with the particular disorder.
- A list of common symptoms helps identify digestive troubles.
- There are also lists of foods that should be avoided and recommended foods that ensure a balanced diet is attained.
A nutrition table accompanies every recipe, ensuring that the body is provided with adequate fuel and nourishment. Each book contains sections on:
- Living with the disorder
- Light meals and sides, and
- Basics Main meals.
Ultimately, the goal of the Eat Well, Live Well series is to provide specially tailored recipes that are fast, fresh and appetizing, and suitable for everyday eating as well as special occasions. The recipes are designed to satisfy the whole family, eliminating the need to cook separate meals to cater to special dietary demands.
View Biographical note
Is an accredited practicing dietitian with more than 15 years of clinical and research experience in the field of nutrition. She has worked in a wide range of nutrition areas, providing advice to adults and children with special nutrition needs. | <urn:uuid:90a98ccf-ff09-495b-97e4-e689e47a3b3c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fitzhenry.ca/Detail/1552858774 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.949729 | 424 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Declaration:We aim to transmit more information by carrying articles . We will delete it soon, if we are involved in the problems of article content ,copyright or other problems.
This circuit is capable of 40-W into an 8-Ω speaker, or 28-W into a 16-Ω speaker, with a voltage gain of 3 and a full-power bandwidth from dc to 100 kHz. Figures 1-44B and 1-44C show the circuit performance characteristics.
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- Sickroom calling device circuit | <urn:uuid:58a6f11f-e3af-4806-ad8f-8d58b7e5ff84> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.circuitdiagramworld.com/electrical_circuit_diagram/Low_distortion_bridge_audio_power_amplifier_20686.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00466-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.657091 | 205 | 1.742188 | 2 |
1. Getting Started - Prepare for the repair
2. Open the Hood - How to pop the hood and prop it open
3. Find Reservoir - Locate the windshield washer fluid reservoir
4. Add Fluid - Fill up the washer fluid reservoir
5. Replace Cap - Put the cap back in place
6. More Info. - Additional information on adding washer fluid
Adding windshield washer fluid to your 2006 Dodge Stratus is a fairly straightforward process. The video above shows you where the window washer fluid reservoir is located in your Stratus, how to remove the reservoir cap and add windshield washer fluid. The nice thing about adding windshield washer fluid is that you can't overfill the reservoir - once it's full, you can stop adding fluid!
Hans Angermeier has produced over 100,000 videos showing drivers how to fix things on their cars. He has broad expertise on basic repair procedures covering the majority of cars on the road.
Carmakers are hiding interior fuse boxes all over the place these days - see how to check your interior fuses here!
Got a short fuse? Don't blow a fuse, change it!
Leaking coolant is usually a sign that your water pump needs to be replaced. This video shows you how to quickly plug it
If your transmission is running low on fluid, be sure to add some - find out how to do this here! | <urn:uuid:12fb6a58-51ee-4bb7-9a04-bbd848a95774> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.carcarekiosk.com/video/2006_Dodge_Stratus_SXT_2.7L_V6/windshield_washer_fluid/add_fluid | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.90325 | 291 | 1.742188 | 2 |
What Is Mindful Eating And What Are The Benefits Of Mindful Eating?
What is Mindful Eating?
You may be familiar with the term ‘mindfulness’, but are you aware this can be applied to our eating habits? Mindful eating employs the act of mindfulness or presence in our increasingly busy lives to assist overcome eating problems. The idea is to shift the attention from external food thinking to eating experiences. It is not a diet and concentrates on the development of a new orientation to eating.
Benefits of Mindful Eating
1. Better digestion and absorption of nutrients
digestion, Credits: pixabay
When eating with awareness we tend to chew food more thoroughly, which makes the food easier to digest and allows the body to absorb the nutrients in the food more effectively and efficiently. Food needs to be broken down into very small pieces in order to be absorbed through incredibly small passages in our small intestine.
The less we digest food in the mouth, the more work the body has to do on that food in the stomach and intestines, and sometimes the body simply does not have enough energy to digest the food into small enough pieces, so the nutrients in the food are not absorbed at all!
2. Food tastes better
a woman eating food, Credits: pexels
When all of our attention is focused on the sensations of eating, flavors become much more dynamic and vibrant. Many people are astonished at the difference in flavor they experience the first time they give mindful eating a try!
The reason for this is that when our awareness is fragmented between our other senses of sight, touch, smell and sound, we are distracted from our sense of taste, and cannot experience it fully.
3. Reduces food cravings
a woman mindfully eating food, Credits: pexels
By eating with awareness we start to tune into the subtle signals our body is sending us relating to hunger. Many times we might eat for reasons other than being actually hungry including boredom, eating because other people are eating and we want to join in, eating to help deal with emotion, or eating just because it’s a certain time of the day.
There’s nothing wrong with us for doing any of these things, and practicing eating mindfully will help us be more aware of the reasons behind our food cravings.
4. Helps us lose weight
a woman with weight loss, Credits: pexel
When we start to really pay attention to our food, a number of things start to change which can help us lose weight. By eating slowly and thus eating less, we begin to cultivate a stronger metabolism helping us to shed those unwanted pounds. Being more in tune with our body and differentiating between cravings and actual hunger, we can practice eating only when we really need to, promoting weight loss.
5. Feel fuller sooner and by eating less food.
a woman eatingCredits: pexels
6. Eat in a healthier, more balanced way.
healthy diet, Credits: pexels | <urn:uuid:79c94edb-8894-46bc-a3cf-caa4f378f821> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gleath.com/post/what-is-mindful-eating-and-what-are-the-benefits-of-mindful-eating | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.953947 | 622 | 2.53125 | 3 |
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