text
stringlengths 181
608k
| id
stringlengths 47
47
| dump
stringclasses 3
values | url
stringlengths 13
2.97k
| file_path
stringlengths 125
140
| language
stringclasses 1
value | language_score
float64 0.65
1
| token_count
int64 50
138k
| score
float64 1.5
5
| int_score
int64 2
5
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Black History Month is an annual celebration of achievements of Black Americans and a time for recognizing the central role of Black Americans in U.S. history. Shippensburg University will celebrate as one campus, many cultures all year, with special stories and events in February.
To kick-off the month, consider exploring content from the Ezra Lehman Library meant to, “provide the Shippensburg University community and the general public with a guide to suggested books and other resources relating to the many aspects and dimensions of anti-racism work.”
The extensive collection, Guide to Anti-Racist Books and Resources, focuses on published books, videos, essays, and tutorial sources.
Not sure where to start? Check out the book list, Essential Reads, covering classic works, biographies, and personal memoirs in addition to tackling topics around the history of race and racism, indigenous peoples, white privilege, and more.
The anti-racist guide project is a collaboration between library faculty, administration and staff, and members of Moving Circles and Not in Our Town, anti-racism groups based in Carlisle, PA.
Contributors to the Guide to Anti-Racist Books and Resources include:
Dr. Kirk Moll, Associate Professor and Research Services Librarian, Shippensburg University
Eyoel Delessa, Adjunct Reference and Instruction Librarian, Shippensburg University
Melanie Reed, Adjunct Reference Librarian, Shippensburg University
|
<urn:uuid:f051ed4f-b992-4c67-96e9-7cab48f53b9b>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://news.ship.edu/2021/02/01/library-provides-resources-and-reading-lists-for-black-history-month/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00071.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.901751
| 308
| 2.875
| 3
|
Hippokratia 2016, 20(4):274-278
Pyrpasopoulou A1,2, Pateinakis P1, Varouktsi A1, Georgianou E1, Zografou I1, Roilides E2,3, Karagiannis A1
12nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine
2Infectious Diseases Unit
33rd Pediatric Department, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
Background: The elderly represent a significant cohort of patients presenting at the emergency department, especially in the developed countries. They are characterized by impaired physical condition, comorbidities, and little immune system resources and make frequent use of the healthcare system and its facilities. This study aimed to describe the features and prognostic factors of sepsis in elderly patients (>60 years old) admitted to an internal medicine ward.
Material and Methods: Two hundred eighty eight consecutively patients aged >60 years who were admitted with sepsis during a two-year-period were retrospectively included in the study. Clinical and laboratory parameters at presentation were analyzed. Causes of sepsis and biochemical markers were compared between the healthcare facility-naïve and the healthcare facility-exposed groups. The effect of comorbidities and previous exposure to the healthcare system on clinical course and outcome of the patients was analyzed.
Results: Among the comorbidities that were recorded and included in the analysis, the presence of chronic and acute renal impairment and neurologic disabilities were associated with a worse outcome of sepsis in the elderly. In the same cohort, a previous contact with the healthcare system was found to affect the duration of hospital stay, but not the outcome per se. Sepsis-related markers, such as inflammatory markers were not found to be associated with clinical progression and outcome.
Conclusions: Timely diagnosis and accurate evaluation of the severity of sepsis is required to ensure a better outcome for the patients. Sensitive markers and accurate prognostic models are constantly pursued. The impact of living characteristics of the modern aging society is additionally addressed and their effect on sepsis outcome assessed. Hippokratia 2016, 20(4): 274-278
Key words: Elderly, sepsis, healthcare facility, outcome, prognostic factors
Corresponding author: Athina Pyrpasopoulou, MD PhD, Consultant in Internal Medicine, 2nd Propedeutic Dept of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, 49 Konstantinoupoleos str., 54642, Thessaloniki, Greece, tel: +302310892651, fax: +302310835955, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org
The elderly are characterized by decreased endurance and physiological function1,2 and are additionally burdened with a high prevalence of multiple chronic conditions such as diabetes mellitus, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, chronic respiratory failure etc3. As a direct consequence of their impaired compensatory mechanisms, they are more vulnerable and frail.
Improving healthcare has contributed to increasing life expectancy. The elderly are frequent attendants of the public/private health insurance provisions4. This may not always prove to their best of interest; more self-reliance has, at least in some reports, been associated with less antibiotic use, avoidance of hospitalizations, and some avoidable mortality5.
Sepsis is a major cause of mortality in the elderly6. More frequently encountered infectious syndromes in this age group include pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and soft tissue and skin infections7. Prevalent cause of late mortality is secondary sepsis, possibly due to the exhaustion of the patients’ immune system resources8.
Early recognition is crucial for increased survival and reduced hospital stay9. For this purpose, several biomarkers have been assessed as screening and prognostic tools10,11. These, however, may not be applicable in elderly patients12.
The aim of this retrospective study was to record the presence of comorbidities in elderly patients admitted with sepsis, and investigate the clinical course and outcome, in association with clinical and laboratory markers.
Material and Methods
Patients aged >60 years, consecutively admitted to an internal medicine ward of a tertiary hospital in Northern Greece with sepsis of all-cause (between July 2013-July 2015) were retrospectively included in the study. Sepsis was defined by fulfillment of the revised sepsis criteria13.
Age, sex, nursing home residence, referral from a hospice/chronic care facility, healthcare facility exposure for a period longer than 48 hours within the preceding six months, and comorbidities were recorded. Cause of sepsis was categorized as pneumonia (lower respiratory tract infection, defined as such by the presence of infiltrates in lung imaging or respiratory failure of abrupt onset not attributable to other causes), urinary tract infection (defined as such by a positive urinary culture or the presence of microorganisms and leucocytes in urine analysis), and other sources of sepsis (skin/soft tissue infections, abdominal infections, bacteremia). Duration of symptoms before presentation and prescription of antibiotics on an outpatient basis were also recorded.
Vital signs and laboratory parameters were recorded and included in the analysis. In a sub-analysis, demographics and laboratory parameters were compared among the group of patients who were admitted from home and did not mention any contact with a healthcare facility for longer than 48 hours within the preceding six months (Group I), and the group that were either admitted from another healthcare facility/nursing home or mentioned contact with a healthcare facility for longer than 48 hours within the preceding six months (Group II).
Outcome (death or survival) and length of stay were analyzed in association with the presence of comorbidities, previous healthcare system exposure, and different clinical and laboratory parameters.
Statistical analysis was performed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical software, version 13.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Correlations between variables were tested with the x2-test, the independent samples – t-test and Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation, depending on continuity or normality of values of tested variables. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The study was approved by the Institution’s Review Board (Clinical Studies’ Review and Ethical Committee Board, Hippokration Hospital, 19/10/2016).
Two hundred eighty-eight patients were included in total (42.7 % male). The median age of the patients was 82 years (range: 60-97 years). The frequencies of comorbidities were: diabetes mellitus 31.9 %, heart failure 53.4 %, respiratory failure 19.5 %, neurologic disability 33.8 %, and chronic kidney disease (stages III-IV) 57.7 %. Pneumonia was diagnosed in 54.4 %, urinary tract infection in 42.5 %, and other infections in 27 % of the patients. Two hundred forty-four patients (84.7 %) were admitted directly from home, 21 patients (7.3 %) were admitted to the hospital from a nursing home, and 23 patients (8.0 %) were referred from a chronic care facility/ hospice.
One hundred eighty-one (62.8 %) patients were healthcare facility – naïve (Group I), compared to 107 (37.2 %) healthcare facility – previously exposed patients (Group II). No significant differences between these two groups were recorded regarding patients’ age and gender as well as their comorbidities. Pneumonia was more frequently recorded in Group I (58.7 % vs 49.1 %, p =0.058). Bacteremia (22.4 % vs 11.1 %, p =0.009) and urinary tract infection (56.8 % vs 33.9 %, p <0.001) were significantly more prevalent among patients of Group II.
Among all laboratory parameters tested, the patients in Group II had significantly lower hemoglobin levels (10.55 g/L vs 11.34 g/L, p <0.001) and lower albumin (2.94 g/dL vs 3.34 g/dL, p <0.001), than patients in Group I.
Mortality positively correlated with age [p =0.041, 95 %CI (-4.6 – -0.1)]. Chronic kidney disease (73.3 % vs 53.4 %, p =0.006) and the presence of acute kidney injury at presentation or during the admission for sepsis (69.5 % vs 27.9 %, p <0.001) were the most significant prognostic factors for death. A previous admission within the preceding six months did not favor a worse outcome (32.3 % vs 30.1 %, p =0.743; Table 1). The duration of symptomatology before presentation correlated negatively with the outcome (p =0.041), probably indicating that severe sepsis causing alarming symptomatology usually ran a fulminant course. Among the other parameters tested, low mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), low bicarbonate levels, high lactate, hypernatremia, anemia, increased leucocyte counts, and hypoalbuminemia were all significantly associated with a worse outcome (Table 2). In the patients who survived, duration of hospital stay was not related to age, sex or present comorbidities, but was longer in the patients who had previously been healthcare facility exposed (9.7 vs 8.0 days, p =0.050). Prolongation of hospital stay was recorded in relation to increased serum creatinine (p =0.011) at presentation.
The actual global burden of sepsis can only be estimated upon, as population-level epidemiologic data for sepsis is scarce, particularly for low- and middle-income countries14. The biggest part of the available research has dealt with the epidemiology of sepsis in specific high-risk populations, such as surgical patients postoperatively, patients in burn units, maternal and neonatal sepsis etc15. Recent studies have suggested that the global incidence of sepsis has been rising in the last decades16. However, carefully designed global population-based studies to assess the real burden of sepsis and its mortality are scarce.
This study is one of only few providing data about sepsis incidence and outcome on general medical wards17. Moreover, it addresses the elderly, an age group with several ominous features: high prevalence of comorbidities and a high frailty score18. Chronic neurologic disability has been associated with increased severity of sepsis in patients with other concomitant comorbidities19. In our setting, neurologic disability tended to negatively affect the outcome of sepsis in this cohort; however, chronic and acute deterioration of renal function were the strongest prognostic factors of death among the comorbidities included in the analysis20.
As the world population continues to age, frequent utilization of healthcare system will become increasingly more common in the elderly. Readmission for a secondary sepsis alone is common and has been associated with an unfavorable prognosis21. Hospitalizations for other causes have also been linked to a predisposition for a late (within 90 days) development of sepsis22. Regular users of different healthcare services may, as suggested by the results of this study, carry distinct clinical (worse nutritional status-anemia, hypoalbuminemia) and sepsis-associated features (higher incidence of bacteremia/urinary tract infection) compared to their community-derived counterparts. The previous hospitalization did not predict a worse clinical outcome. However, users of the healthcare system tended to have a worse prognosis. This could also partly be attributed to the fact that specific forms of sepsis, such as bacteremia, which associates with increased severity of sepsis and a higher incidence of death, was more frequently encountered in this group. The impact of previous healthcare facility exposure was more prominent on the duration of hospital stay, probably because of the higher frailty score of these particular patients. Established prognostic factors for the outcome of sepsis such as hypoalbuminemia, abnormal clotting tests, acidosis, severe anemia were capable to predict death/survival; as no significant difference in terms of outcome between the two groups could be proven, this effect was probably related to the severity of sepsis per se rather than a reflection of worsening physical condition. Other markers like C-reactive protein or fibrinogen did not, probably indicating an impaired systemic inflammatory response syndrome potentially masking the underlying clinical condition of the affected individuals23.
The elderly who are characterized by impaired physiological responses and little immune system resources represent a particular group for which general population guidelines and practices may not be directly applicable.
This study has several drawbacks. The patients that were included were not rated according to their sepsis severity. It was conducted in a large hospital covering for a densely-populated urban area. Well-designed multi-centered studies with larger numbers of enrolled patients are expected to provide a more concrete reflection of the size of the problem and the special features of this infectious syndrome in this cohort. Nevertheless, it describes a significant clinical problem of this particular age group and its components and addresses the impact of living characteristics of modern society on a continuously aging population.
Conflict of interest
Authors declare no conflict of interest related to this study. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
We wish to thank Dr Iordanis Romiopoulos, Prof. Konstantinos Petidis and Prof. Charalampos Antachopoulos for their valuable consultations on the patients’ diagnostic evaluation and medical care.
1. Fabrício-Wehbe SC, Rodrigues RA, Haas VJ, Fhon JR, Diniz MA. Association of frailty in hospitalized and institutionalized elderly in the community-dwelling. Rev Bras Enferm. 2016; 69: 691-696.
2. Morley JE, Vellas B, van Kan GA, Anker SD, Bauer JM, Bernabei R, et al. Frailty consensus: a call to action. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013; 14: 392-397.
3. Ward BW, Black LI. State and Regional Prevalence of Diagnosed Multiple Chronic Conditions Among Adults Aged ≥18 Years – United States, 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016; 65: 735-738.
4. van den Bussche H, Kaduszkiewicz H, Schäfer I, Koller D, Hansen H, Scherer M, et al. Overutilization of ambulatory medical care in the elderly German population?–An empirical study based on national insurance claims data and a review of foreign studies. BMC Health Serv Res. 2016; 16: 129.
5. Kroneman M, Boerma W, van den Berg M, Groenewegen P, de Jong J, van Ginneken E. Netherlands: Health System Review. Health Syst Transit. 2016; 18: 1-240.
6. Liang SY. Sepsis and Other Infectious Disease Emergencies in the Elderly. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2016; 34: 501-522.
7. Liang SY, Mackowiak PA. Infections in the elderly. Clin Geriatr Med. 2007; 23: 441-456, viii.
8. Suzuki K, Inoue S, Kametani Y, Komori Y, Chiba S, Sato T, et al. Reduced Immunocompetent B Cells and Increased Secondary Infection in Elderly Patients With Severe Sepsis. Shock. 2016; 46: 270-278.
9. Smyth MA, Brace-McDonnell SJ, Perkins GD. Identification of adults with sepsis in the prehospital environment: a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2016; 6: e011218.
10. Ryu JA, Yang JH, Lee D, Park CM, Suh GY, Jeon K, et al. Clinical Usefulness of Procalcitonin and C-Reactive Protein as Outcome Predictors in Critically Ill Patients with Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock. PLoS One. 2015; 10: e0138150.
11. Hwang YJ, Chung SP, Park YS, Chung HS, Lee HS, Park JW, et al. Newly designed delta neutrophil index-to-serum albumin ratio prognosis of early mortality in severe sepsis. Am J Emerg Med. 2015; 33: 1577-1582.
12. Yilmaz H, Duran L, Yanik K, Altuntaş M, Sünbül M. Differences in the effectiveness of serum biomarkers for the diagnosis of bacterial infections in adult and elderly patients admitted to the emergency department. Turk J Med Sci. 2015; 45: 553-557.
13. Levy MM, Fink MP, Marshall JC, Abraham E, Angus D, Cook D, et al; SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS. 2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference. Crit Care Med. 2003; 31: 1250-1256.
14. Fleischmann C, Scherag A, Adhikari NK, Hartog CS, Tsaganos T, Schlattmann P, et al; International Forum of Acute Care Trialists. Assessment of Global Incidence and Mortality of Hospital-treated Sepsis. Current Estimates and Limitations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016; 193: 259-272.
15. Jawad I, Lukšić I, Rafnsson SB. Assessing available information on the burden of sepsis: global estimates of incidence, prevalence and mortality. J Glob Health. 2012; 2: 010404.
16. Gobatto AL, Besen BA, Azevedo LC. How Can We Estimate Sepsis Incidence and Mortality? Shock. 2017; 47: 6-11.
17. Mazzone A, Dentali F, La Regina M, Foglia E, Gambacorta M, Garagiola E, et al. Clinical Features, Short-Term Mortality, and Prognostic Risk Factors of Septic Patients Admitted to Internal Medicine Units: Results of an Italian Multicenter Prospective Study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016; 95: e2124.
18. Rolfson DB, Majumdar SR, Tsuyuki RT, Tahir A, Rockwood K. Validity and reliability of the Edmonton Frail Scale. Age Ageing. 2006; 35: 526-529.
19. Liao KM, Lin TC, Li CY, Yang YH. Dementia Increases Severe Sepsis and Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015; 94: e967.
20. Tang Y, Choi J, Kim D, Tudtud-Hans L, Li J, Michel A, et al. Clinical predictors of adverse outcome in severe sepsis patients with lactate 2-4 mM admitted to the hospital. QJM. 2015; 108: 279-287.
21. Sun A, Netzer G, Small DS, Hanish A, Fuchs BD, Gaieski DF, et al. Association Between Index Hospitalization and Hospital Readmission in Sepsis Survivors. Crit Care Med. 2016; 44: 478-487.
22. Prescott HC, Dickson RP, Rogers MA, Langa KM, Iwashyna TJ. Hospitalization Type and Subsequent Severe Sepsis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015; 192: 581-588.
23. Janz DR, Bastarache JA, Sills G, Wickersham N, May AK, Bernard GR, et al. Association between haptoglobin, hemopexin and mortality in adults with sepsis. Crit Care. 2013; 17: R272.
|
<urn:uuid:884ffa73-451a-4a0c-bf43-a2131e6ee7c2>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.hippokratia.gr/2019/02/28/epidemiology-and-outcome-of-elderly-admitted-to-the-ward-for-sepsis/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00071.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.912026
| 4,268
| 1.648438
| 2
|
Short URL for this page:
The Pasha of Tripoli had in the meantime apparently become convinced that he was to receive no satisfactory concessions from the United States, for during the month of April, 1801, he not only hastened the preparation of a stronger naval force but would have little communication with Consul Cathcart.1 The latter therefore busied himself in despatching letters which warned Americans throughout the Mediterranean against sailing without convoy.2 "I am at this moment in a crisis," he wrote on May 13; "If our flagstaff should be taken down tomorrow, you will see me in about forty days afterwards. The Pasha has it not in his power to keep me unless in jail."3 On the following day Yusuf formally declared war in the manner indicated above; whereupon Cathcart entrusted the oversight of United States affairs to the Danish consul, Nicholas C. Nissen, and departed from Tripoli.4
On July 1, Commodore Dale reached Gibraltar. Here he found at quarantine two Tripolitan vessels commanded by Murad Reis, a notorious pirate. Although this individual protested that he was not on a cruise for Americans, Dale became convinced that he was, and therefore left the "Philadelphia," Captain Samuel Barron, to prevent the escape of the corsairs.5
p107 After leaving Gibraltar the Commodore proceeded to Algiers. Here he found a considerable amount of dissatisfaction on account of non‑payment of annuities. Consul O'Brien was certain that the appearance of the American frigate at such an opportune time would have a more beneficial effect upon the Dey than would the coming of a storeship. Curiously enough, however, the consul did not think the time propitious for negotiations with the Dey for a commutation of naval stores to a money payment.6 The desirability of such a commutation had been emphasized by the Secretary of State in his instructions to O'Brien,7 and it would seem that, if the Dey had been greatly impressed by the arrival of the American flagship, it would have been well to seek immediately a modification of the stipulation. It would appear, too, that O'Brien had brought little or no pressure to bear on the Dey to make good his guarantee that the Pasha would abide by the treaty of 1796.8 If any extenuation for this omission be required, it is to be found in evidence which the Dey had already provided that his guarantee was worthless. In January, 1801, when Cathcart was surrounded by difficulties at Tripoli, the Dey wrote to Yusuf in the interest of the United States; but immediately thereafter informed O'Brien that the latter must pay him for this service.9 In April the Dey despatched a second letter;10 yet in May the United States flag at Tripoli came down. By July 22 a third letter had proved to be equally valueless, the reason being, according to the Algerine ministry, p108 that "the United States would not aid said letter with money."11
Proceeding eastward on his tour of inspection, Dale next stopped at Tunis. Here he delivered to Eaton a letter informing him of the motives which had actuated the sending of a naval squadron into the Mediterranean, and instructing him to inform the Bey that a vessel was being fitted out in America to transport "the regalia due to him."12 On the day after Dale's arrival the "Essex" appeared, convoying an American vessel, the "Grand Turk." Inasmuch as the Bey had been expressing a great deal of displeasure about the treatment which the United States had accorded him, Eaton and Dale anticipated that the arrival of these vessels would have a beneficial effect upon him.13 That some such influence was sorely needed is evidenced by a number of the Bey's demands. On April 15, he had written a letter to the President requisitioning cannon to the number of forty twenty-four pounders, and forty other pieces.14 During the following month he had told Eaton that first the United States did not settle Tunisian claims against them within four months, he would send the American consul away from Tunis.15 In June, after a fire had destroyed fifty thousand stands of arms belonging to him, the Bey proportioned the loss "among his friends," and allotted the providing of ten thousand stands to the United States.16
p109 The Commodore reached Tripoli July 24, 1801, and, in the absence of an American representative in that city, communicated with the Pasha through Mr. Nissen, the Danish Consul.17 The Pasha wanted to know whether Dale desired peace or war, to which the Commodore replied that his "intentions in the first instance were friendly; but the act of his excellency in declaring war against the United States had put that disposition out of [his] power." He would, therefore, capture the Pasha's vessels and subjects at every opportunity. He wished to learn, however, on what grounds the Pasha had gone to war and on what principles he expected to make peace. The Pasha's answer he promised to communicate to the government of the United States for its consideration inasmuch as he himself did not have the authority to make peace.18 To this the Pasha replied that his objections had been to the provisions of the old treaty which related to the Dey of Algiers. The subsequent negotiations of necessity accomplished little. Dale captured a number of the Pasha's subjects, and succeeded in exchanging them for six Americans who had been imprisoned in Tripoli. In the meantime his provisions were running low and sickness was quite prevalent on board; consequently he soon lifted the blockade and returned to Gibraltar.19 Throughout the remainder of the year little was accomplished by his squadron beyond blockading the two Tripolitan vessels at Gibraltar and providing convoy for merchantmen.20
The outstanding American achievement in the Mediterranean during the first year of the war was the capture of a Tripolitan polacca by Lieutenant Andrew Sterrett p110 and crew of the schooner "Enterprise." A bitterly-contested three hour engagement on August 1 preceded the capture. The opposing forces were evenly matched but the skillful maneuvering of the "Enterprise" prevented the pirates from blockading her, and enabled her gunners to deliver broadsides which the enemy could not withstand. The polacca was captured; most of her equipment was thrown overboard; then in her battered condition she was permitted to limp back to Tripoli. Arriving there her commander had showered upon him many indignities, not least of which was a bastinadoing.21
On the day that Sterrett won his brilliant victory, William Eaton wrote that he had, upon his own responsibility, declared Tripoli to be in a state of blockade. He wished, therefore, to secure the Commodore's approval of this measure, which was creating a furor in Tunis.22 To this Commodore Dale replied that he heartily approved of Eaton's action;23 then when he subsequently visited Tunis, instructed him "to keep up the colour of a blockade." How Eaton fulfilled his instructions he tells us in the following words: "I kept the enemy three months in a state of blockade when we had not a ship of war within three hundred leagues from his port; his chief commerce and whole supplies of provisions depending on Tunis, and my passports still being withheld."24
While Eaton was thus maintaining his "paper blockade," he and Cathcart were planning a revolutionary stroke of great proportions. It comprehended, in brief, the employment of the ruling Pasha's brother, Hamet Karamanli, to secure three objects: (1) The Commodore's ship would be used to convey Hamet to Constantinople where he would secure recognition from the Sultan p111 as the lawful ruler of Tripoli; and, in the meantime, United States agents accompanying him would conclude a treaty with Turkey. (2) The American Mediterranean squadron would then support Hamet's military operations in Tripoli by attacking his brother from the sea, and, as a result of these combined efforts, the usurper would be dethroned. (3) Hamet would in the meantime become so obligated to the United States by virtue of these services that a protection of American interests throughout his dominions would be made permanently secure.25
After Eaton had outlined this plan to the Secretary of State, he went to Naples and there obtained permission from the King of Sardinia for the United States to obtain supplies at Sardinian ports; then in February, 1802, he returned to Tunis upon receipt of news that Hamet was on the verge of accepting an offer to assume the governorship of the province of Derne. Such a move on Hamet's part, thought Eaton, would seal the exile's fate, for he would probably be murdered soon after returning to Tripolitan territory. Again at Tunis, Eaton explained this apprehension to Hamet, who finally agreed to refuse his brother's offer and to await developments at Malta. Eaton in the meantime had secured the coöperation of the chief minister of Tunis by promising him ten thousand dollars in the event of success in accomplishing a revolution at Tripoli. To Cathcart Eaton wrote that if the plan succeeded, Yusuf would have to pay the Sapitapa, and the United States would "gain a million"; if it failed, there would be no loss "on either side."26
p112 In the spring of 1802 steps were taken by the United States government to carry on the war with greater vigor than that which had marked the operations of the preceding year. Since the term for which the men under Dale's command had enlisted would soon expire, a relief squadron was formed and sent to the Mediterranean under the command of Commodore Richard V. Morris.27 The Commodore's first instructions were issued on February 18 and March 20. They directed him to wage war against Tripoli; to respect the rights of other nations; to send prizes to the United States; to exchange prisoners if possible; to aid Americans who might be in need; and to make whatever distribution and disposition of his forces he might think necessary. Later instructions, dated April 20, but not reaching the Mediterranean until July, stated that the President thought the time favorable to open peace negotiations with the Pasha. Morris was at this time directed to coöperate with Cathcart, who had been given authority to conclude a treaty of peace; by August 28, however, such coöperation was made merely optional.28 To Cathcart the Secretary of State wrote, on April 18, that it was desirable to have the first overtures p113 come from the Pasha, and that for such an event the consul should allow to elapse a reasonable amount of time. If the Pasha did not then voluntarily make overtures, Cathcart should seek to open negotiations. All expectations on the Pasha's part of obtaining "the smallest contribution . . . as the price of peace," the consul should proceed to stifle.29
Before all of Morris's relief squadron reached the Mediterranean certain circumstances indicated that in Tripoli the war was not popular. In December, 1801, Eaton reported that he had learned from the Danish Commodoreº that the Tripolitans were eager for peace and for "the restoration of their rightful sovereign, who is a mild man of peaceful disposition."30 In January the Algerine ministry proposed to Consul O'Brien that inasmuch as a Tripolitan envoy was then at Algiers the time was auspicious to establish peace through Algerine mediation. These advisers informed O'Brien, however, that the proposed negotiations would of necessity involve some expense on the part of the United States. The consul replied that his government had "had sufficient of the bad faith of Tripoli," and would pay nothing for a treaty of peace.31 In March it was reported that there was a shortage of provisions in Tripoli; that storms had wrecked a number of Tripolitan vessels; that many Arabs within the Pasha's dominions had rebelled; and that the chief admiral had p114 deserted his ships.32 Similar despatches were sent from Barbary during the succeeding months.33 In May the chief minister of the Bey of Tunis approached Eaton with a proposal for Tunisian mediation. Like the Algerine offer it was accompanied with a request for money, to grant which Eaton considered as inadmissible. The minister assured him that there could be nothing dishonorable about giving a present to the government of Tripoli, particularly since it could "not subsist without the generosity of . . . friends." Eaton's answer was that the Pasha had by his actions forfeited his right to American friendship; the matter was at this point permitted to drop.34
On May 25 Commodore Morris arrived at Gibraltar, and there he found it expedient to remain until late in August. This action was dictated by a number of circumstances: the necessity for refitting the flagship, "Chesapeake"; delay in receiving expected instructions; the need of one or more vessels to blockade a Tripolitan cruiser at Gibraltar;35 and the menacing utterances of the Emperor of Morocco. The last-named item occasioned considerable alarm although Muley Soliman did not, in January, 1801, have a single vessel of war afloat. At that time, however, two frigates were under construction at one of the Moroccan ports.36
p115 The dissatisfaction of the Emperor was primarily due to the war with Tripoli, which prevented his sending grain to the people of that State. In February, 1802, a Tripolitan ambassador requested permission to send wheat to Tripoli, and received a favorable reply. The ambassador also sought aid in securing the release of the vessel blockaded at Gibraltar, and again received an affirmative answer, the Emperor consenting "to give a crew and provisions for that purpose."37 The matter was thereupon referred to Commodore Dale who refused to grant passports in either case.38 Morris pursued the same course of action, justifying it to Consul Simpson on the ground that it would be absurd to maintain a blockade if vessels were permitted to take supplies into the blockaded area. Although Simpson thought the withholding of passports in the case of Morocco unwise, he found the Commodore impervious to his arguments.39
As a result of the uncompromising attitude of Dale and Morris the Emperor declared war upon the United States. Simpson received the news on June 22, and three days later he crossed over to Gibraltar. A general warning was issued to merchantmen bound for the Mediterranean to sail to Cadiz and there to await convoy.40
This precautionary step had hardly been taken when word was received from the Emperor that Simpson would be permitted to return to Tangier for a period of six months during which time there might be effected a settlement p116 of points in dispute.41 The consul returned to his post; and soon thereafter received from the Secretary of State a letter informing him that the President had decided to send the Emperor a present of one hundred gun carriages, for which the latter had at various times expressed a desire.42 Simpson communicated this information by special messenger to the ruler, who soon thereafter appeared somewhat mollified; consequently on August 16 Morris received word from Simpson that peace had been restored.43 The following day he left one frigate, the "Adams," at Gibraltar and spent the remainder of the year in providing convoy and in having the "Chesapeake" repaired. He appears to have made no attempt to blockade Tripoli, and, on account of there having been an abundant harvest there, he authorized Simpson to issue passports to the Emperor's grain vessels.44
Throughout the entire period of the war Americans had carried on an extensive Mediterranean trade. In July, 1801, Cathcart wrote that "Many of our merchants and captains dispute the consul's authority to detain their vessels in port notwithstanding the national consequences of their capture being fully explained to them."45 Many other letters of a similar character represented the volume p117 of trade as being quite large, and requested that the executive take steps to restrict it so long as the blockade of Tripoli remained ineffective. "I am exceedingly distressed," wrote Cathcart in November, "lest some of the Tripolines put to sea, as Mr. Eaton informs me that the enemy's coast is abandoned by our ships of war and that the whole squadron has proceeded to Gibraltar."46 At Leghorn Cathcart in a single day observed twenty-four American vessels, two‑thirds of which were unarmed.47 Eaton reported that the Mediterranean was covered with American adventurers who would "neither have regard to their own safety nor the general interest of the United States . . . one single merchantman's crew, in chains at Tripoli, would be of incalculable prejudice to the affairs of the United States in that regency."48
Under such circumstances it was not strange that the Tripolitans succeeded in capturing an American merchantman and its crew of nine men. The vessel in question was the brig "Franklin," Captain Andrew Morris, seized off Cape Palos on June 17.49 It was taken to Algiers by its captors, who presented to the Dey some Christian and negro slaves as presents. The Dey gave the Tripolitan captain a lecture regarding the Pasha's failure to remain at peace with the United States but about the same time ordered a cargo of wheat to be sent to Tripoli.50 O'Brien requested the aid of the Algerine ministry in securing the release of the brig and her crew but received p118 slight encouragement. He then appealed to the Dey who offered to pay the Tripolitan commander five thousand dollars as a ransom for the prisoners. The officer replied that he had strict instructions to return all prisoners to Tripoli; whereupon the Dey announced that the "Franklin" and her crew must be removed from Algiers.51 On July 9, Eaton wrote that on the preceding day the brig and her cargo had been auctioned off at Tunis but that the master and crew were "destined for Tripoli."52 There they arrived July 19, and according to Captain Morris's account, entered the harbor "in view of a Swedish and American frigate, who never made the least effort to obstruct our progress when it was certainly in their power to capture or run the pirate on shore before it was possible for them to be protected from their batteries . . . this transaction was in open day in sight of thousands amongst which the consuls of different nations can testify."53 Five of the prisoners, who were not Americans, were soon released, the remainder being held until October. They were then liberated as a result of Algerine intervention, which cost the United States sixty-five hundred dollars.54
In the meantime trouble was brewing in Tunis. The soothing effect which a present of jewels and cloths had p119 wrought upon the Bey early in the year55 had soon worn off, and throughout the summer and autumn he clamored for a frigate. "Yesterday," wrote Eaton in August, "I was called to the palace. The minister formally demanded of me a frigate of 36 guns. It need not be thought strange to see me in America this winter. I can neither yield to nor get rid of the demand."56 The consul had frequent clashes with Tunisian officials regarding the blockade of Tripoli; and the chief minister repeatedly informed him that the Bey wanted a consul who was "more friendly to the Barbary interests."57 So disagreeable and apparently futile did Eaton's task become that in December he wrote to Madison, "I cannot serve another summer in this station."58
From Algiers, too, came loud complaints with respect to a United States consul and to the payment of annuities. In April, 1802, Cathcart was appointed Consul-General at Algiers to succeed O'Brien;59 then a few weeks later was authorized to expend a maximum sum of four thousand dollars in providing a consular present.60 The Dey, however, refused to receive him on the ground that Cathcart's p120 character was not suitable. In this frame of mind the ruler persisted until, in March following, Madison informed O'Brien that another consul would be appointed.61 With respect to every proposal made by Morris or O'Brien that the annual tribute be paid in cash the Dey was equally inflexible.62 He was not in need of money; he wanted military and naval stores, and for these he would accept no substitutes.63 In January, 1803, he announced that his patience was almost exhausted and that since the stipulated supplies had not arrived, he saw no need for O'Brien to remain in Algiers or for himself to continue at peace with the United States.64
That little headway was being made in bringing Tripoli to terms or in lessening pretensions throughout the greater part of Barbary is clearly shown by consular despatches from all along that coast. In August, 1802, Eaton expressed a conviction that the American Mediterranean operations thus far had produced only "additional enemies and national contempt."65 O'Brien, too, deplored the lack of energy displayed in the dealing with Tripoli, "the most insignificant of powers."66 Cathcart was of the opinion that unless more action were resorted to the United States would lose what little importance they had assumed in the estimation of the barbarians.67 Letters from Nissen indicated that the Pasha's expectations for Tripolitan p121 success had increased rather than diminished.68 Such hopes were founded not only upon ineffective American operations throughout the Mediterranean; they had a substantial basis in the fact that Tripoli was again abundantly supplied with provisions, that Hamet had accepted the governorship of Derne, that the Pasha had formed a favorable treaty with Sweden, and that reports from Malta represented the United States as ready to pay large sums for a treaty of peace.69
What part, it may be inquired, did Europeans play in the activities hitherto described? Against the English consul at Tripoli, Bryan McDonough, Cathcart, Eaton, and Dale brought charges of conduct which had in large measure brought on the war. McDonough, it was alleged, sought to induce the Pasha to confiscate certain American property, to expel Cathcart, and to secure for McDonough the management of United States affairs at Tripoli.70 Rufus King presented the charges to Lord Pelham in November, 1801,71 and received an answer to the effect that if the consul was guilty of the misconduct with which he was charged, he had acted in an unauthorized manner. The minister then assured King that if McDonough were "likely to continue in his present station, the circumstances of the charges against him . . . should p122 certainly undergo a full investigation, but as he is almost immediately to be superseded, such investigation is unnecessary."72 In fairness to McDonough it should be noted that O'Brien and the Pasha denied that the Englishman's attitude had been hostile to American interests. The charges brought against him were never proved.73
When the first American squadron reached the Mediterranean, a struggle between Sweden and Tripoli was in progress.74 Colonel Tornquist, who was in command of the Swedish squadron in the Mediterranean, was instructed to coöperate with the American forces and to provide convoy for American merchantmen.75 Moreover, Cathcart received instructions from the Secretary of State to cultivate an understanding with the Swedish officers engaged in dealing with Tripoli, and, if possible, to make the negotiations of the United States and Sweden go hand in hand. Any treaties which might be formed, however, were to be kept "unconnected and independent, both in view of the Bashaw and of Sweden, as if formed without the least understanding between the United States and Sweden."76 That Cathcart had been opposed to a policy of coöperation with Europeans to end American difficulties with Tripoli is shown by his despatches. He had, in 1801, discouraged the formation of a coalition on the ground that independent action would tend "to establish a national character, which we must do without the assistance of any of the powers of Europe."77 Other letters which he wrote to Dale and p123 Madison reflect the same spirit and indicate a conviction that Sweden would at the first opportunity conclude a peace which the United States would regard as humiliating.78 Eaton, too, was of the opinion that his government should rely solely upon American resources in the struggle with Tripoli.79 Cathcart's prediction that Sweden would soon make peace was fulfilled during the summer, 1802; consequently the possibility of employing further coercive measures in concert with the United States was definitely eliminated.80
1 Corr. of J. L. Cathcart, Cathcart to Pasha of Tripoli, April 26, 1801.
3 Corr. of J. L. Cathcart, Cathcart to ?, May 13, 1801.
4 Allen, Our Navy and the Barbary Corsairs, p91. The naval force of Tripoli at the time of Cathcart's departure consisted of "seven sail vessels carrying 106 guns, fours, sixes, and nines, and 840 men very badly equipt."
7 Am. State Pap., For. Rel., II, 348, Sec. of State to O'Brien, May 20, 1801.
8 Ibid. O'Brien was instructed to impress upon the Dey the fact that the United States "expect from his good faith an efficacious interposition, according to our treaty with him, for guarantying the treaty with the Bashaw of Tripoli."
9 Despatches, Algiers, VI, O'Brien to Wm. Smith, Jan. 10, 1801.
10 Ibid., O'Brien to Sec. of State, June 24, 1801.
11 Ibid., O'Brien to Sec. of State, July 22, 1801.
12 Am. State Pap., For. Rel., II, 347, 348, Sec. of State to Eaton, May 20, 1801.
14 Am. State Pap., For. Rel., II, 358, Bey of Tunis to Pres. of U. S., April 15, 1801. For Eaton's comments on, see Despatches, Tunis, I, Eaton to R. King, May 23, 1801. For answer to President, see Am. State Pap., For. Rel., II, 3581, Pres. of U. S. to Bey of Tunis, Sept. 8, 1801.
15 Ibid., Eaton to R. King, June 1, 1801.
16 Ibid., Eaton to Sec. of State, June 28, 1801.
18 State Papers and Public Documents (ed. T. B. Wait), IV, 383, 384, Dale to Sec. of Navy, Aug. 18, 1801.
21 Ibid., pp95, 96.
22 Despatches, Tunis, I, Aug. 1, 1801.
23 Ibid., Dale to Eaton, Aug. 28, 1801.
24 Ibid., Eaton to Speaker of House of Representatives, U. S. Congress, Feb. 29, 1804.
25 Despatches, Tripoli, I, Cathcart to Thos. Appleton, June 2, 1801; Am. State Pap., For. Rel., II, 699, Cathcart to Sec. of State July 2, 1801; Ibid., Eaton to Sec. of State, Sept. 5, 1801.
26 Despatches, Tunis, I, Eaton to Cathcart, March 28, 1802; Ibid., Cathcart to Eaton, April 10, 1802. In the latter communication Cathcart the originator of the plan, outlined above, suggested to Eaton means of strengthening Hamet's morale and of securing protection of American interests. Eaton should impress upon Hamet the necessity of completely extirpating the reigning family of the Karamanli branch. Moreover, special emphasis was to be placed upon the idea that Hamet was predestined to be "the deliverer of his country." "Explain to him," wrote Cathcart, "the improbability of a nation so remote from Tripoli as America is sending a naval force to espouse his cause unless influenced by an omnipotent decree, no doubt by the intercession of the Great Prophet."
27 Goldsborough, op. cit., pp200, 201; Paullin, op. cit., pp62, 63; Allen, op. cit., pp105, 106. The command was offered to Commodore Truxtun but he declined; therefore, Morris was placed in command. The new squadron consisted of six vessels the first of which sailed from the United States on February 8; the last, September 18, 1802. They were, in order of sailing, the "Chesapeake," "Enterprise," "Constitution," "Adams," "New York," and "John Adams."
28 Morris, Defence of Commodore Morris, pp15‑17, 33, 34. Text of instructions are here quoted.
29 Despatches to Consul, Instructions, I, 127‑31, Madison to Cathcart, April 18, 1802; Ibid., I, 137, Madison to Cathcart, May 10, 1802. In this second letter Madison wrote that "However able this country may be to carry on the war with effect, the expense and trouble of it, and the increased risk whilst at war with one of the Barbary powers, of getting into war with the others, are with the President just motives of solicitude for the success of your negotiation."
30 Am. State Pap., For. Rel., II, 463, Eaton to Sec. of State, Dec. 13, 1801.
31 Despatches, Algiers, VI, O'Brien to Sec. of State, Feb. 1, 1802. O'Brien reported the above overtures to have been made on January 20.
32 Despatches, Tripoli, II, Cathcart to N. C. Nissen, March 15, 1802. The ships referred to above were those blockaded at Tripoli. Murad Reis and the men under his command abandoned their vessels and returned to Tripoli as best they could.
33 Am. State Pap., For. Rel., II, 462, Nissen to Cathcart, April 30 and May 10, 1802.
34 Despatches, Tunis, I, Eaton to Madison, May 25, 1802; Despatches, Tripoli, II, Cathcart to Madison, July 4, 1802; Ibid., Nissen to Cathcart, July 8, 1802.
35 Morris speaks of only one Tripolitan vessel at Gibraltar; what had become of the other is not clear.
36 Despatches, Tangier, I, Simpson to Sec. of State, Jan. 8, 1801. Simpson wrote that "at Salle two frigates of about 20 guns are building and may probably be launched next spring." The consul also mentions "an old half-galley to carry two bow guns and fifty men . . . This is all the navy."
37 Ibid., Simpson to Sec. of State, Feb. 20, 1802.
38 Ibid., Simpson to Sec. of State, March 19, 1802; Morris, op. cit., pp22, 23, Sec. of Navy to Morris, April 13, 1802. In this letter the Secretary expressed great approval of Dale's action, and urged Morris to employ "precautionary vigilance with respect to the Emperor's movements."
39 Morris, op. cit., pp30, 31, Morris to Simpson, June 19, 1802; Despatches, Tangier, I, Simpson to Sec. of State, June 26.
40 Ibid., pp32, 33.
41 Am. State Pap., For. Rel., II, 466, Simpson to Sec. of State, July 3, 1802.
42 Despatches to Consuls, Instructions, I, 132, Sec. of State to Simpson, April 20, 1802. In another letter (Ibid.), March 26, 1803, Madison wrote to Simpson that the hostile attitude of the Emperor had prevented the forwarding of the gun carriages. If the Emperor continued to request them, Simpson should secure them in Europe "or offer cash or other convenient articles in lieu of them."
43 Morris, op. cit., pp36, 37, Simpson to Morris, Aug. 16, 1802.
44 Ibid., p40, Morris to Sec. of Navy, Oct. 15, 1802. Morris wrote as follows: "Knowing the immense injury the commerce of the United States would receive from a war with Morocco, I have authorized Captain Murray to instruct Mr. Simpson . . . to grant passports to vessels bound to Tripoli laden with wheat."
45 Am. State Pap., For. Rel., II, 461, Cathcart to Sec. of State, July 21, 1801; Ibid., Cathcart to Sec. of State, July 15, 1801.
46 Despatches, Tripoli, II, Cathcart to Dale, Sept. 7, 1801; Ibid., Cathcart to Dale, Dec. 28, 1801; Ibid., Cathcart to Madison, Nov. 6, 1801.
47 Ibid., Cathcart to Madison, July 4, 1802. Reference is to "last year."
48 Am. State Pap., For. Rel., II, 463, Eaton to Sec. of State, Feb. 3, 1802.
49 Despatches, Tripoli, II, Capt. A. Morris to Cathcart, July 22, 1802.
50 Despatches, Algiers, VI, O'Brien to Sec. of State, Feb. 1, 1802. The "Franklin" arrived at Algiers on January 19, 1802.
51 Ibid., O'Brien to Madison, June 26, and 29, 1802.
52 Despatches, Tunis, I, Circular issued by Eaton, July 9, 1802; Ibid., Eaton to Sec. of State, Aug. 5, 1802. Eaton in the latter communication reported the Bey as having indulged in sarcastic remarks over the capture of the brig: " 'You keep,' said the Bey to Eaton, 'a very close blockade over Tripoli — your frigates appear to be very vigilant — But supposing you were to undertake to blockade a thousand miles of seacoast how many such vigilant frigates would you employ?' "
53 Despatches, Tripoli, II, Capt. Morris to Cathcart, July 22, 1802.
54 Despatches, Algiers, VI, O'Brien to Sec. of State, Oct. 11, 1802; Despatches, Tripoli, II, Cathcart to Madison, Jan. 25, 1803. Cathcart here wrote that the above sum was charged on O'Brien's account and that its payment was not compatible with the Dey's allegation that he had given the prisoners to the United States as "a present."
55 Am. State Pap., For. Rel., II, Jno. Gavino, U. S. Consul at Gibraltar, to Sec. of State, Jan. 11, 1802; Despatches, Tunis, I, Eaton to R. King, March 18, 1802; Despatches, Tripoli, II, Eaton to Cathcart, March 28, 1802. In the last cited despatch Eaton wrote as follows: The Regalia given by the Spaniards and Danes are both rejected and returned in consequence of the superior quality of the American."
56 Despatches, Tunis, I, Eaton to Sec. of State, Aug. 28, 1802.
57 Despatches, Tripoli, II, Eaton to Cathcart, April 26, 1802.
58 Despatches, Tunis, I, Eaton to Madison, Dec. 20, 1802.
59 Despatches to Consuls, Instructions, I, 131, Madison to Cathcart, April 18, 1802. Unlike his predecessor, however, Cathcart was not to superintend the activities of the other U. S. consuls in Barbary. His salary was fixed at two thousand dollars per year, a smaller sum than O'Brien had received.
60 Ibid., I, 136, 137, Madison to Cathcart, May 10, 1802. "If a present be unavoidable," wrote Madison, "it will be less disagreeable in the simple form of cash, than in the troublesome form of jewelry &c."
61 Ibid., I, 157, Madison to O'Brien, March 3, 1803. The communication ran in part as follows: "The President in compliance with the usage which admits of the refusal of a consul on grounds peculiar to the person, will shortly appoint another for Algiers to succeed you."
62 Morris, op. cit., pp48 ff.
63 Despatches, Algiers, VI, O'Brien to Sec. of State, Nov. 23, 1802 and Jan. 9, 1803.
64 Ibid., O'Brien to Sec. of State, Jan. 18, 1803.
65 Despatches, Tunis, I, Eaton to Sec. of State, Aug. 23, 1802. "The [Tunisian] minister," he wrote, "puffs a whistle in my face, and says, 'We find it is all a puff!! We see how you carry on the war with Tripoli.' "
66 Despatches, Algiers, VI, O'Brien to Sec. of State, Sept. 16, 1802.
67 Despatches, Tripoli, II, Cathcart to Madison, Jan. 25, 1803.
68 Ibid., Nissen to Eaton, Jan. 30, 1803.
69 Despatches, Tunis, I, Eaton to Madison, Jan. 2, 1803. "The favorable moment is lost," wrote Eaton, "His [the Pasha's] success with Sweden exalts his pride — possession of his brother relieves his fear — our relations with the other regencies animate his fortitude — and the operations of our force inspire his contempt." See also, Despatches, Tripoli, II, Eaton to Cathcart, Jan. 18, 1803; Ibid., Nissen to Eaton, Jan. 30, 1803.
70 Despatches, Tripoli, II, Cathcart to Sec. of State, June 14, 1801; Despatches, England, IX, King to Lord Pelham, Nov. 28, 1801. Here appears a certificate from Dale; Ibid., Eaton to Major Perkins, Magra, Sept. 11, 1801.
74 Ibid., O'Brien to M. Gavino, May 27, 1801.
75 Despatches, Tunis, I, N. Frumerie, Swedish chargé d'affaires at Tunis, to Eaton, October 14, 1801.
76 Despatches, to Consuls, Instructions, I, 127‑31, Madison to Cathcart, April 18, 1802.
77 Corr. of J. L. Cathcart, Cathcart to O'Brien and Eaton, July 1, 1801.
78 Despatches, Tripoli, II, Cathcart to Dale, Aug. 10, 1801.
79 Despatches, Tunis, I, Eaton to Messrs. Summert and Brown, July 9, 1802.
Images with borders lead to more information.
The thicker the border, the more information. (Details here.)
U. S. Relations
A page or image on this site is in the public domain ONLY if its URL has a total of one *asterisk. If the URL has two **asterisks, the item is copyright someone else, and used by permission or fair use. If the URL has none the item is © Bill Thayer.
See my copyright page for details and contact information.
Page updated: 18 Oct 15
|
<urn:uuid:f76089ce-f7a6-4c80-8817-6df4e031e316>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/America/United_States/_Topics/history/_Texts/IRWDRB/8*.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00276.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.975047
| 8,297
| 2.515625
| 3
|
Page Layouts, Columns and Sections
The layout of your pages can have a big impact on how they're read, and layouts, used well, allow you to position text, images, macros, charts, and much more, to have the best visual impact.
There are two ways to modify the layout of a Confluence page:
- Use page layouts to add sections and columns
- Use macros to add sections and columns.
Page layouts provide a simple, visual representation of your page layout in the editor, while the macros are more flexible and allow for greater complexity in your layout.
On this page:
Use page layouts
The page layouts tool allows you to structure your page using horizontal sections and vertical columns. By adding multiple sections with different column configurations you can build quite complex layouts very easily.
Screenshot: Editor view of a page showing three sections with different column configurations.
Start by adding a horizontal section to your page.
To add a section:
- Choose the Page Layout button in the toolbar
The Page Layout toolbar appears.
- Choose Add Section
The new section appears below your current content, with the boundaries of the section(s) indicated by dotted lines (the dotted lines aren't visible when you view the page).
To change the column layout in a section:
- Place your cursor in the section you wish to change
- Choose a layout from the page layout toolbar (for example, two columns or three columns)
Any text, images or macros in your section are not lost when you change the column layout. When you decrease the number of columns, Confluence will move your content to the left. When you increase the number of columns, Confluence will add blank columns to the right of your existing content.
To move a section to another part of the page:
- Place your cursor in the section you wish to move
- Choose the Move up or Move down buttons
The section and all of its content will be moved above or below other sections on the page.
To delete a section:
- Place your cursor in the section you wish to remove
- Choose Remove section
The section and all of its content will be removed.
Notes about Page Layouts
- Column width – The width of the columns are fixed. If you need more than three columns, or columns of a specific width, you should use the Section and Column macros described below.
- Very wide tables – The width of each column is set to a percentage of the page width. The icons in the drop-down menu indicate the relative widths for each layout. In most cases, Confluence will adapt the width of the columns to fit the width of the page. If a column includes an item that's too wide for it, you'll see a horizontal scroll bar when viewing the page.
The Section and Column macros
You can use the Section and Column macros to add a set of columns to the page. The Section macro defines an area that will contain the columns. You can have as many sections as you like. Within each section, you can have as many columns as you like.
The Section and Column macros are useful if you want to define a specific percentage or pixel width for each column.
To add a section and some columns to a page:
- In the Confluence editor, choose Insert > Other Macros
- Find the Section macro, select it and insert it onto the page
- Choose Insert > Other Macros again
- Find and insert the Column macro
- Add your content to the column
Insert as many columns as you like within the section.
Screenshot: A section and two columns in the editor
When you see the page in view mode, the above layout is displayed like this:
Content for column 1 goes here
Content for column 2 goes here
Parameters are options that you can set to control the content or format of the macro output. Where the parameter name used in Confluence storage format or wikimarkup is different to the label used in the macro browser, it will be listed below in brackets (
Parameters of the Section macro
Select this option to draw a border around the section and columns.
Note: Without a , the border will not be displayed correctly.
Parameters of the Column macro
100% of the page width, divided equally by the number of columns in the section.
Specify the width of the column, in pixels (for example,
Was this helpful?
Thanks for your feedback!
|
<urn:uuid:f54e9396-ffb7-4792-b341-68fdbce2e339>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://confluence.atlassian.com/conf59/page-layouts-columns-and-sections-792498854.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00523-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.779264
| 919
| 2.359375
| 2
|
Why We Design Packaging for the Circular Economy
In a world threatened by climate change and plastic pollution, it is clear that conducting ‘business as usual’ is not an option. The traditional economic model is linear, and can be simplified as having three basic stages – take, make and waste. We are committed to disrupt this out-dated model and to invest in a waste-free future, where innovative design and corporate responsibility intersect to create a circular economy. Our plant-based products are designed to minimise the impact on our environment at each stage of their life cycle, by using innovative materials that are both sustainably sourced and rapidly renewable. The footprint of these renewable materials is smaller than that of traditional plastics derived from fossil resources – Ingeo™ bioplastic for instance, has a footprint up to 80% lower.
In addition, compostable packaging can help divert food scraps from landfill, avoiding harmful greenhouse gas emissions from decomposing organic matter. Both food waste and compostable packaging can go in the same bin to be turned into nutrient-rich compost, often reducing the cost of waste collections for our customers. We are not about being ‘less bad’ – we care about the end of life of our products and the impact of our business. Our culture of transparency and accountability means our environmental claims are rigorously investigated and backed up by third-party certifications. As a certified B Corp we have worked to create a business that values people, planet and profit. That is why we have been carbon neutral since 2010, and give back 5% of our profits to the community and the environment.
|
<urn:uuid:7536e704-ab83-4f85-a653-6a42d74ce366>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.biocupus.com/about/sustainability
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00074.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.957886
| 327
| 2.234375
| 2
|
Beginner Level Photography Course
Let's know our Beginner Level Photography Course better
Our beginner level photography course is divided into 4 modules. Module 1 covers up the fundamentals of photography. This module will cover up everything from DSLR menus to photography rules. After completing this module you will be shooting confidently in manual mode. Module 2 covers up the lighting basics. From outdoor lighting to indoor lighting techniques, using flashes and reflectors. Everything you should know about photography lighting techniques is included in this module. The lighting module will give you a good brief about the basics of indoor outdoor lighting. Module 3 Photo shoot with our models. This is the most interesting module for our students, because they get to shoot with our professional models. They can practice the techniques they have learnt during the entire course and take some amazing professional looking images without models.
Module 4 is post processing. Yes, we cover Photo editing also, as now a day digital editing is a must thing. To get those edgy looks and for giving professional touch-up what you need to learn has been included in this module. Understand have a hand on experience for using Photoshop.
- Limited students per group to keep it personalized
- 100% practical approach towards learning
- Simple techniques for better and easy learning
- English, hindi, gujarati language options
- Best in the class mentor for your training
- A perfect photography course for beginners
- Shoot with our professional models during course
- Experience the power of photoshop for editing
Beginner level photography course structure
Module 1 PHOTOGRAPHY FUNDAMENTALS.
Types of Digital Camera
Modes of Camera
Camera Components and concepts
Digital Image Sensor
Resolution and Understanding of Raw, JPG
Lens and Filters
Elements of Composition
Module 2 BASIC LIGHTING TECHNIQUES
Understanding The Light
Brief about the light quality
How to work with built-in flash of your camera
Using external flashes
Type of the flashgun
How to use the external flash off camera
Understanding the light modifiers
Studio Lighting Basics
Using reflectors outdoor
Outdoor lighting setups
Module 3 PHOTOSHOOTS WITH MODELS
4 hours indoor shoot for practice
4 hours indoor shoot under the guidance of mr Varun Patel
4 hours outdoor shoot for practice
4 hours outdoor shoot under the guidance of mr Varun Patel
Module 4 PHOTO EDITING.
Understanding the software interface
Learning how to process your RAW files for best output
Tools for editing
Healing for skin corrections
Power of the content aware fill
Cloning for composition correction
Using plug-ins for skin smoothing
Requirements to join our beginner level photography course
As it is our entry level photography course, we do not have any specific requirements. All we need from the student is, that they should bring their own DSLR system during the course. We will also request out students to buy one flash system (as per our suggestion). Buying the flash system is not compulsory, but we really suggest you do because it will help you during the practice sessions.
How Do I register my self for the course?
Registration for all our photography courses has to be made in advance. But before registration, we want to clear all your doubts, if you have any, regarding our course. So give us a call on +91 9898 550 223 for discussion. If you do not have any queries, you can directly ask our executive on that number, for the process for registration.
|
<urn:uuid:57325f7a-9a31-4980-8ace-92e3a53be2f4>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://photographyinstituteahmedabad.com/beginner-photography-course.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00078.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.891623
| 759
| 2.1875
| 2
|
Summer vacations are fun for the whole family. If you have pets, taking them with you can make a vacation even more special, but it will require some extra planning and research.
Preparing for a Trip
Contact your veterinarian to make sure your pet is up to date on vaccinations and doesn’t have any health issues that could be problematic. Ask about medication for car sickness and diarrhea, just in case. If your pet isn’t microchipped, consider having a chip implanted so you can be reunited with your pet if you get separated.
Many hotels, campgrounds, and other places are advertised as pet-friendly, but what that means in practice may vary widely. Some go out of their way to welcome pets, while others simply tolerate them and charge extra fees, have strict weight and breed restrictions, only allow pets in designated areas, and don’t allow guests to leave pets unattended in rooms. Before you make a reservation, ask plenty of questions so you understand the business’s policies. Online reviews from previous guests can help you figure out which places do the best job of accommodating families with pets.
Pack any supplies you might need for the trip, such as your pet’s food, bowls, medication, bed, toys, and leash. Bring your pet’s vaccination records since they will be required at hotels, kennels, dog parks, and other locations you may visit. It’s also a good idea to have recent photos of your pet in case it gets lost and you need to create posters or fliers.
How to Have a Successful Vacation
Your pet should be in a carrier, crate, or car harness when riding in a vehicle. Dogs and cats will move around if they can. Having an animal suddenly decide to sit on your lap while you are driving could cause you to lose control of the vehicle and lead to a serious accident.
Don’t try to cram too much into your trip. The most important thing for your dog is to spend time with you and your family. Your dog would rather wander through a park or play fetch for an hour than be rushed to a new place without having enough time to enjoy the first one.
Stick to your pet’s routine as much as you can. Bring along the same food your pet eats at home and keep mealtimes as close to normal as possible. If you walk your dog at the same times each day, stick to that schedule as closely as you can while on vacation.
Make Vacation fun for the Whole Family
If you are thinking about taking your pet on vacation, conduct research to find the right hotels and activities and bring everything you will need to keep your pet comfortable and to deal with any emergencies that might arise.
At DogWatch of Western Mass, we care about your four-legged friends and want you both to feel comfortable and secure at all times. If you’d like to offer them the freedom to roam in the house or the yard, contact us to learn more about Pet Containment Systems and obedience training.
|
<urn:uuid:4bff9958-e9ca-4786-b429-133fd7ee8c7b>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.dogwatchwestmass.com/blog/planning-vacation-pets/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00077.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.960988
| 630
| 1.765625
| 2
|
Dealing with Difficult People - Part 7
Have you ever worked with someone who belonged to the Nike school of performance: Just Do It! You can't hardly get them to think about a new idea before they've implemented it. On the other hand, have you ever worked with someone who studies things to death before they do anything? They're 50 and still thinking about starting to invest for retirement?
Doers vs Thinkers
Doers get things done, but they can fall into tar pits because they don't consider all of the issues involved. Thinkers avoid tar pits but can take so long to get into action that they miss the opportunity completely.
- Doers just do it!
- Thinkers have to reflect and consider the appropriate course of action before doing anything.
I think the ideal is think, then do. Too much of either one can be a problem.
There's no simple question to help you determine if someone is a doer or a thinker. Just observe how they behave.
- Doers jump into action.
- Thinkers retreat to their office to reflect and consider.
It's that easy!
The Language of Connection, Not Conflict
Once you know if someone is a doer or a thinker, you can connect with them more easily by using their language.
Just do it!
How soon do you think you can have this done?
Haven't you waited long enough to...or are you going to wait until it's too late?
Doers don't take much prodding: When can you have this done?
If you are trying to influence a thinker, give them some time to think. Then ask: "Haven't you waited long enough to get started on your homework Billy? Or are you going to wait until it's too late to do the work necessary to get an A?
Get the idea? Haven't you waited long enough to learn the simple questions and influencing language necessary to create great results in your life? Are you going to get started now or wait until it's too late?
|
<urn:uuid:bf448a4f-0fd3-4766-a735-23fb8f5ee708>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://www.qimacros.com/knowware-articles/dealing-with-difficult-people-p7/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00214-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.970413
| 423
| 2.5625
| 3
|
To meet its zero-carbon energy goals, New York will require a complex mix of renewable resources. Grid operators around the world are busy these days, but few have quite as much on their minds as NYISO, the independent system operator that manages New York state’s bulk power system and wholesale energy market. NYISO’s recently released Power Trends 2020 report, which highlights the challenges and opportunities for a state’s electric grid in flux. To learn more and view the five charts, read “New York’s Energy Transition (and Challenges) in 5 Charts.”
- Figure 12 shows the massive gap between the current total renewable energy and nuclear energy production leaves NYISO more than half below the state’s 100% zero-emissions end-use goal.
- New York’s goal for 3 gigawatts of energy storage by 2030 will be critical to storing and distributing wind and solar energy to meet demand, much of it needed downstate, according to the NYISO’s Resources Seeking Interconnection graphic.
- In comparison, only 29 percent of downstate’s resources are from zero-carbon, which are mostly nuclear power plants while 88 percent of upstate New York is getting its electricity from hydropower and onshore wind power.
- NYISO has been pushing for increased transmission to carry upstate clean energy to New York City and the surrounding area to reduce curtailment of wind power which is increasing without an upgrade in transmission infrastructure as indicated by figure 7.
- NYISO is also using electric vehicle charging trends to project both peak times and the total load on the grid system through 2050.
Path to 100% Perspective:
The pandemic coupled with rising demand for renewable energy has caused many operators, like NYISO, to explore alternative paths to decarbonization. From carbon pricing to offshore wind to huge transmission projects, states must become more strategic about how they will meet their zero-carbon energy goals. These five charts from NYISO highlight the complexity of building a path to 100 percent renewable future.
|
<urn:uuid:cd0c0d6d-513c-4d6c-9e53-31c694eead0f>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.pathto100.org/2020/07/08/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00675.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.935645
| 434
| 2.28125
| 2
|
In their natural habitat this orchid is found growing close to the ground at the edges of mature forests. 4.3 out of 5 stars.
The portal for starting your world wide web surfing for orchid related material.
Flower of the holy spirit plant. The name peristeria in greek means “from dove”. The national flower of panama. Its scientific name is peristeria elata orchidaceae.
It is the type species of its genus. It belongs to the class gynandria, and order monandria, of linnaeus; Can be seen as a kind of growth epifitico or terrestrial.
Dove flower, or flower of, the holy spirit. The flower of the holy spirit, with photos. The only factual thing about the whole post is that they are both orchids.
The orchid dwells in cloud rainforests of central america in a high humidity epiphyte. It is commonly referred to as the holy ghost orchid, dove orchid or flower of the holy spirit in english, and, as the flor del espiritu santo in spanish. Peristeria elata is a species of orchid occurring from central america to panamá, venezuela and ecuador.
Here is a little instant inspiration, in the form of a particular type of orchid found in. The rare holy ghost orchid from panama. Flowers of this stunning orchid resemble a dove hence comes its common name.
This “flower of the holy spirit” can be seen growing in large numbers around the edge of hardwood forests. The dove orchid is the national flower of panama. 3.9 out of 5 stars 138 120pcs seed rarest white blood rose plant flower seeds flower garden asaka rare true blood rose seed.
It blooms once a year. The only factual thing about the whole post is that they are both orchids. It would be a miracle indeed!
Flower of the holy spirit : If you are growing shamrock plant indoors, then place the plant near a window that receives some direct sunlight. Widely famous for its unique column shape, its central part resembles the head of a dove.
Flowers of this stunning orchid resemble a dove, hence comes its common name. * the flower’s radial filaments, which can number more than a hundred and vary from flower to flower, represent the crown of thorns. Only 11 left in stock order soon.
This is due to the over collection of these amazing orchids. In sheath this orchid blooms from sheaths with emerge first then the flower buds grow inside the sheath. Peristeria, dove orchid or holy spirit orchid (flower of holy spirit) is another highly famous orchid.
The flower of the holy spirit’s fragrance is similar to beer. Flower of the holy spirit : For that reason, the shamrock is a lucky plant.
It would be a miracle if either of the two pictures above are the flower of the holy spirit. Lowest price in 30 days. Stirrup,) is the peruteria data of botanists.
A mature plant could have pseudobulbs the size of a child’s head. Patrick picked shamrock from the grass to demonstrate the doctrine of the holy trinity since each leaf represents the holy spirit, the father, and the son. 36+ orchid flower of the holy spirit unopend buds pictures.
It typically has three to five leaves per pseudobulb. There has even been found as epiphytic plant on trunks of trees covered in moss to elevations close to 1100 meters a.s.l. A comprehensive, continually updated index of orchid web sites, a one stop shop, providing the orchid enthusiast links to the web's resources to meet his/her orchid needs and interests.
This orchid species has been designated as endangered in its natural habitat. Great plant picks is an educational program of the elisabeth c. Also known as the holy ghost orchid, dove orchid, or flor del espiritu santo in spanish, this is what it looks like!
Holy spirit orchid for sale. Six (6) jericho flowers, rose of jericho, resurrection flowers, selaginella lepidophylla, from a brown dry ball into a live plant with water, a holy item in religions, pagan, wiccan. This orchid is the national flower of panama, however, it dwells not only in panama but in other countries of central america.
|
<urn:uuid:2dba90be-7a90-479f-a757-7e746c0ea621>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://flower.topinterstellar.me/flower-of-the-holy-spirit-plant.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00677.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.901413
| 960
| 2.484375
| 2
|
From a purely territorial perspective, these are bullish times for the world's oceans. As anthropogenic climate change picks up pace, seas around the world are rising, due to thermal expansion and the melting of alpine glaciers and arctic ice sheets; according to most scientists, by at least a meter by the year 2100. As a result, low-lying coastal areas around the world, and in several cases entire island nations, are expected to be reclaimed by the sea. Global sea level rise complicates the resolution of questions that have presented geopolitical difficulties for centuries: who owns the sea, and how much of it do they own? According to the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), concluded in 1982, countries have exclusive control over their seabed materials out to the extent of their continental shelf (but with a minimum of 200, and maximum of 350, Nautical miles from their coastline). In addition, they have broader control over marine resources (including, crucially, fishing stocks) in an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) extending 200 nautical miles from the low-water mark on their coastlines.
As coastlines recede, current definitions (as discussed above) mandate that EEZs should also recede. This is an unpopular result, however, and so in response leading academics have called for all baselines to be fixed at "natural" (pre-sea level rise) levels. The easiest way to achieve this, of course, would be to amend UNCLOS directly to redefine the geographical boundaries of EEZs. However, given past difficulties in reaching consensus and several countries' (notably the United States') refusal to sign UNCLOS, this may not be a viable long-term strategy. Instead, individual nations should resolve such issues bilaterally (by making agreements with their neighbors not to contest existing boundaries), or unilaterally (by domestically redefining their own coastal boundaries). The latter option is particularly promising: as Rosemary Rayfuse outlined at the Threatened Island Nations Conference, hosted in May 2011 at Columbia University, states can avoid definitional difficulties related to the low-water mark by simply defining their low water mark as straight lines between geographic points. This more abstract definition would be less susceptible to physical alterations.
Such definitions still may be not enough for states whose entire territory is threatened, however. Both customary international law and UNCLOS limit marine territories to bona fide states; and so central to the maintenance of any zone for countries facing complete inundation of their territories will be a continued diplomatic push to maintain statehood even if they are forced to abandon their ancestral homes.
Sea level rise presents several other difficulties, especially to coastal ecosystems and infrastructure, which merit serious attention. Many of these impacts are likely to be most felt by the developing world, and by small island nations, some of whose entire territory lies just a few meters above current median sea levels. The Columbia conference addressed several of these questions with particular emphasis on the Republic of the Marshall Islands, a small developing country sitting no more than five meters above the sea today. Also, all is not well in the oceans themselves; although they look set to expand their reach, they are also heating up and, from interactions with higher carbon dioxide concentrations, becoming more acidic. As a result, marine ecosystems are changing, and most notably coral reefs are in grave danger.
Oceans are clearly gaining on the geographic front however, and their gain is mankind's loss. As a civilization our laws are often based on the assumption of a static world. This norm is now being challenged, as global climate change shifts natural boundaries. The definition of marine territories is just one area where old laws may lead to difficulties in the changing future; but it is one that nations hoping to maintain existing rights should address as soon as possible.
|
<urn:uuid:a84418ef-6a87-42da-8295-16fb841af51b>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/michael-b-gerrard/redefining-marine-territo_b_873281.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00189-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.957281
| 771
| 3.359375
| 3
|
If you’ve ever taken the Myers-Briggs personality assessment you may have spent some time wondering how to put your newfound self-awareness to use. Knowledge of one’s personality type and decision-making process can be handy when it comes to major choices in life, such as what type of car to buy, especially in a world that often associates vehicles with personality. It’s an expensive commitment you’ll want to be happy with.
As a thought exercise of sorts, Ford teamed up with CPP this month to provide MBTI assessments for all attendees at the Go Further With Ford conference in Detroit this week (including me). After being typed, Ford suggested a range of cars that best suited each attendee’s personality. Although not exactly deeply scientific I was impressed to see that the closest match to my type, INTP, was indeed my favorite current Ford model – the Fusion.
But clever model matching wasn’t really the point, the point was to see how personality awareness could help a consumer make a decision he or she was happy with. As a case in point, CPP’s head certification trainer, Michael Segovia told me he once bought a car based on the fact that he liked the person selling it to him (a very INFP thing to do). Unfortunately he ultimately regretted the decision and pledged to pay more attention to the way INFPs go about making decisions to avoid similar mistakes in the future.
Better self awareness is good for a lot of reasons, and even as an experiment it was interesting to see Ford putting more thought into how and why their customers choose certain models over others.
One might guess that the same kind of psychological understanding might also be used in marketing products and maybe even in the sales process. However, there are no current plans for Ford to take the MBTI to the sales floor or anywhere else. But next time you’re at a car dealer and he asks you “Do you get bored at parties often?”, you’ll know what’s going on.
In case you’re curious, this particular experiment only suggested 7 models for 7 out of the 16 possible personality types. Bear in mind, these were “suggested” models for invented personas with each personality type, not necessarily the ideal car for the type. They were as follows:
- ESTP – Mustang
- ISTJ – F250 Super Duty
- ESFP – Escape
- ESTJ – Taurus
- ENTJ – Explorer Sport
- ENTP – Fusion
INFP – C-Max Hybrid
Ed Note: Travel expenses to the event were covered by Ford
|
<urn:uuid:7c5483b6-d438-4502-90e2-b0aa3265ed43>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.triplepundit.com/2013/06/ford-myers-briggs-personality-type/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00018-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.967268
| 550
| 1.585938
| 2
|
Physicists have nudged electrons to change their spin in just quadrillionths of a second, the fastest ever achieved and a basic-science feat that could lead to faster computer processing and storage.
Electrons have three basic properties: mass, electric charge and spin. The spin is a form of angular momentum, which relates to how an electron moves around the nucleus of an atom. An electron's spin comes in two flavors: up and down.
Manipulating electrons is important for computing since most data storage these days is magnetic and relies on aligning the spin of electrons in a material. In recent years, a new technology known as spintronics has emerged that aims to control both the spin and the electric charge of electrons to improve how information is stored. The technology relies on the rapid switching of magnetic fields, which can now be done within quadrillionths of a second, a new study shows.
"We may expect faster writing in hard drives and faster reading and writing in [computer memory] with even less power used," said Jigang Wang, a physicist at Ames Laboratory in Iowa and senior author of the study published today (April 3) in the journal Nature. The technology could someday be used, for example, to show extremely fast HD movies, Wang added.
Spintronics researchers have been faced with the hurdle of figuring out how to go from the gigahertz speed of today's conventional computer memory and logic systems to the terahertz speed. Doing so requires an understanding of what's happening during magnetic switching on very brief timescales. [Twisted Physics: 7 Mind-Blowing Findings]
To explore this, Wang and his colleagues shone super-short pulses of laser light on an unusual magnetic material, bumping the atoms in the material into an excited state and changing their spins. "If you change a very small portion of them, you dramatically change the properties of the material," Wang said.
The real achievement, though, was doing this about a thousand times faster than current technology. To visualize how the material changed its magnetic properties, the scientists used a special type of imaging to take snapshots of the process — similar to taking a photo under a strobe light. Using this technique, the researchers saw how the magnetization started developing during the laser pulses.
On these very short timescales, conventional thermodynamics is not important, and quantum mechanics takes over, Wang said. Wang's colleagues at the University of Crete in Greece developed a theory to explain how the fast magnetic switching occurs.
Right now, this is very fundamental science, Wang said. There's a long way to go before it can be optimized for use in commercial computers. He declined to speculate on when the technology would be available, instead quoting the famous scientist Michael Faraday, who, when asked about the use of electromagnetism, replied, "Of what use is a newborn baby?"
|
<urn:uuid:b163a19f-b14c-4d88-862d-b384fda1169c>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.livescience.com/28392-magnetic-switching-enables-faster-computers.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00274.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.940673
| 594
| 3.96875
| 4
|
What data must be reported for each geographic segment? How do these data differ from the data reported for industry segments?
Answer to relevant QuestionsWhat are the two basic approaches to the preparation of interim statements? Which approach is recommended by IAS 34?In today’s rapidly changing financial markets, financial- statement users are demanding more information, released more promptly than in the past. To respond to these needs, the IASB issued IAS 34.At a professional ...The Aspen Company is a retail department store chain. The company’s fiscal year ends on the Saturday closest to January 31 of each year. The company is publicly held and submits quarterly financial statements to the ...Does hedging eliminate all gains and losses arising from a foreign currency exposure? Explain.At the end of the fiscal year, December 31, 20X2, Avonlea Ltd. finds itself with two accounts receivable in pesos:1. From a sale on July 1, 20X2, and due to be collected on December 1, 20X3, for 1,000,000 pesos.2. From a ...
Post your question
|
<urn:uuid:9d1da312-d345-49ad-b721-f82562b2323a>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://www.solutioninn.com/what-data-must-be-reported-for-each-geographic-segment-how
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720972.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00250-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.938495
| 233
| 2.015625
| 2
|
by Ron Paul
This past week Americans traveled approximately 2 billion miles to celebrate the Thanksgiving holiday with family and loved ones. While you cannot put a price on time with family, Americans sure felt the pain of higher fuel prices at the gas pump. It is time to take an honest look at the government’s direct and indirect role in inflating those prices. Taxation is the most direct way government increases Americans’ cost at the pump. The national average price of gas now is well over $3.00 per gallon now, $4 in some areas. Federal taxes take 18.4 cents, while state and local taxes average another 28.5 cents per gallon. That’s an average of 47 cents per gallon Americans are paying just for government, but that is just the tip of the iceberg. Less directly, our loose monetary policy gives taxpayers double jeopardy at the pump, simultaneously increasing prices and undermining purchasing power.
Wages always lag behind price increases, making average Americans feel as though they can never quite keep up, never quite get out of debt. Not to mention the ripple effect of higher diesel costs on the trucking industry. When trucking and shipping is more expensive, everything is more expensive. The indirect costs government imposes on gas prices are much more serious. A major bottleneck that causes gas prices to surge is our very meagre and vulnerable refinery capacity due mostly to regulatory red tape. Environmental regulations and litigation have kept our existing refinery capacity barely adequate. In fact, no new refineries have been built since the 70’s and these are operating at capacity, which makes our gasoline market especially vulnerable as demonstrated by skyrocketing gas prices in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina when many coastal oil facilities were brought to a halt.
In addition, many foreign refineries don’t have the ability to produce the specialized blends of gasoline mandated by our government, and therefore 90% of our gasoline is refined in the United States under extreme regulatory burden. When our domestic refineries are damaged or jeopardized, there are few options other than soaring prices or long lines. \n\u003cp\>I’ve introduced The Affordable Gas Price Act (HR 2415) to deal with some of these issues. My bill would suspend Federal fuel taxes when prices rise above $3.00 a gallon, giving some immediate relief at the pump. It would also repeal misguided legislation that causes more investment in attorneys and nuisance litigation than in actually producing affordable gasoline and strengthening our refining capacity. Also, it would open up ANWR for oil exploration and repeal the federal moratorium on off-shore drilling.
Much of government intervention in the oil industry in the past has been counter-productive and has resulted in disastrous unintended consequences. This Thanksgiving, I am grateful for every mile Americans can still afford to travel to be with family. I am working hard in Congress to reverse the costly trend of government interference and return markets, including oil markets, to true economic freedom.
|
<urn:uuid:fe55c60d-720e-4b12-a869-87549f3d94d1>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.ronpaul.com/2007-11-25/pain-at-the-pump/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00192-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.954273
| 599
| 1.992188
| 2
|
©2014 by Charles Strohmer.
At the start of his public ministry, Jesus chose twelve close followers, and most of them were so different that they would never have come together on their own in any sort of initiative. We do not know much about any of them from the Gospels, and some we don’t know anything about. But here are some things we do know.
There were four professional fishermen, a tax collector, a political zealot, a guy who was sort of the “nobody” of the group, a man who held huge doubts about who Jesus really was, and the guy who betrayed Jesus. Some of these guys would have had some pretty serious issues, if not hostility or enmity, with some of the others.
If there is any one thing this motley crew had to get to grips with early on, together, it was that Jesus didn’t start discipling them – his inner circle – by bringing a bunch of friends together. This would have been deliberate on Jesus’ part and disruptive for the disciples. On the road with Jesus, they were now not only away from their old friendships, family, and established careers; they were also traveling physically with the other in their midst, and for the express purpose of learning from Jesus about fleshing out, modeling, the life of the kingdom of God.
Here is why we should grasp this. In these current posts we have so far chiefly been focusing on ways in which Jesus taught his peaceable wisdom among the diverse peoples of ancient Palestine and counseled them to apply it, whomever they were. Stories and incidents in the four Gospels show different responses. Some got the vision and applied it. Some said, That’s interesting; I’ll think about it. And to others it was either foolishness or a stumbling block. At the very least, almost everyone was surprised by Jesus’ way, even if they did not take that wisdom to heart.
Personally, I think many were surprised, if not shocked, by Jesus’ teaching when they understood, and at times saw in action, the shapes of that peaceable wisdom applied, for instance, in family, social, political, or economic life after folk took Jesus at his word and changed how they lived or worked. Jesus called to repentance those whose obedience to attitudes, ideologies, or actions were, through various ways and means, tearing apart the fabric of life. In the four Gospels many, though not all, of the narratives focus on this.
Mind you, Jesus was not putting this on others and not on himself. I think one of the most stunning things that the people of his time saw and learned about Jesus was that he wasn’t a hypocrite. He personally modeled his wisdom, quite publicly, in his own daily actions, from the get-go. It was by bringing together the twelve – with their diverse, and sometimes conflicting, interests and visions; with their grievances, fears, and biases; with their partialities, rivalries, and prejudices – that Jesus first gets everyone’s serious attention about what he is on about. It is the strange witness and potential of shalom amid diversity amid ancient Palestine with all of its strife, conflict, violence, oppression, conspiracies, and everything else that tears at the fabric of life and that has analogies today to which we may find ourselves in obedience.
Jesus deliberately stuck himself with twelve others into an ongoing initiative in which the thirteen of them had to grapple for three years with contradictions, competing interests, misunderstandings, personal issues, perceived lack of parity, and much more. And I haven’t even mentioned, and won’t here, what the twelve must have thought about their teacher at times.
This motley crew of twelve diverse disciples had to learn to get along with each other. No, I did not say that right. It was more than that. They had to understand which values, ideas, and principle informed the choices they made that militated against expressing their diversity among one another peaceably everyday. This wasn’t about uniformity. It was about learn where and how to shake off the bogus stuff and follow Jesus in their diversity but a diversity focused on fleshing out Jesus’ vision of life, which was meant to become their normative public witness amid the cosmopolitan diversity of ancient Palestine. It would change them personally. And it was what Jesus himself, their teacher, was modeling. “A student is not above his teacher,” Jesus said, “but everyone who is fully trained will be like his teacher” (Luke 6:40).
Of course the twelve failed terribly at times. But Jesus was afterward always showing them what course corrections they then needed to make, if the were going to continue to follow him, Sar Shalom, the Prince of Peace (Isaiah 9:6). Sure, what Jesus was modeling was controversial, and in the next post we will explore some of those narratives.
©2016 by Charles Strohmer
A note from Charles: If you want more of the perspectives that Waging Wisdom seeks to present, I want to invite you to follow this blog for a while to see if you like it. Just click here and find the “Follow” button in the right margin, enter your email address, and then click “Follow.” You will receive a very short email notice when I publish a new post. Thank you.
|
<urn:uuid:24d48469-5eed-47c8-a120-7893be08e153>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://wagingwisdom.com/tag/the-apostles/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00671.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.985295
| 1,124
| 2.296875
| 2
|
Probably the most notorious fish, right after Nemo, the shark is a complex and fascinating creature that is equally feared and awe-inspiring at the same time. It has been roaming our oceans for over 400 million years now. And did you know that some shark species are really adaptable? They can live in salt water as well as fresh water .
To conserve these interesting animals it's important to learn about their world, know their features and recognize their importance in the marine ecosystem. First of all, it's necessary to understand that according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species , one-quarter of all sharks are threatened with extinction. Most of these threads are man-made such as:
- overfishing of their prey
- trophy hunting
- unintentional bycatch
- fishing for their meat and fins
What many don't know, is that the finning industry is especially cruel. Once a shark is caught, the fins are cut off while it is still alive and then it will be thrown back into the ocean. As it is unable to swim, it will slowly sink to the ground where it is eaten alive by other fish.
As a volunteer in shark conservation, there are many different destinations you can visit worldwide such as South Africa and Costa Rica. These destinations will not only let you experience sharks within close proximity but are also amongst the most biodiverse countries in the world. When it comes to your volunteer tasks you need to keep in mind that conservation work is not a walk in the park! Among your conservation work can be tasks like:
- Shark Cage Diving - you will be properly instructed on how to enter and exit the cages, as well as how to behave. Even though sharks are rather shy animals, it is vital to not provoke the animals and cause danger to yourself and others.
- Photography and Video - you will learn how to take pictures and videos above and below water to collect valuable data about shark populations.
- Quality of the Oceans - you will observe and clean coral reefs and the beaches in order to maintain the ocean's health, which is vital for all living organisms.
|
<urn:uuid:d62f1b52-dca7-45e1-9a19-94f4909d9c82>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.volunteerworld.com/en/volunteer-abroad/marine-life
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00277.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.96342
| 435
| 3.15625
| 3
|
Let's talk about cross training for runners. Why is it important and healthy? Which ones are the best complements for your running and what should you avoid if you are in training and want to reduce your chance of injury. #allaboutmarathontraining #running #crosstrain
GIRLS GUIDE TO GETTING STARTED IN RUNNING: http://therunningbug.co.uk/training/women/b/weblog/archive/2011/06/01/getting-started-why-running-s-right-for-you.aspx?utm_source=Pinterest&utm_medium=Pinterest%20Post&utm_campaign=ad Don’t let memories of school cross country put you off running forever. Women’s fitness expert explains what running can do for you and how easy it is to get started.... #therunningbug #running #beginner #women #girls
Tabata is a type of interval training that brings your heart rate up and gets you a workout in just 4 minutes. #fitness - Tap the pin if you love super heroes too! Cause guess what? you will LOVE these super hero fitness shirts!
Tabata super-set workouts. (What is Tabata? Tabata interval training is an intense alternative to long cardiovascular sessions. Developed by Dr. Izumi Tabata and used to train the Japanese Olympic speed skating team. Get done in 4 minutes what would normally take you 28+ minutes. The key? Work AS HARD AS YOU POSSIBLY CAN in those 4 minutes!)
|
<urn:uuid:5ae9af59-643d-4876-84cd-b42ab6c2fcda>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://nz.pinterest.com/explore/what-is-cross-training/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00156-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.882348
| 322
| 1.914063
| 2
|
European Commission will look at which pictures work best to help smokers quitBMJ 2009; 338 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b1351 (Published 01 April 2009) Cite this as: BMJ 2009;338:b1351
- Ned Stafford
The European Commission is planning a new study aimed at developing better graphic images to warn of the damaging effects of tobacco, in a bid to encourage more European Union countries to put the pictures on cigarette packets.
Haravgi-Nina Papadoulaki, spokeswoman for the EC’s commissioner for health and consumer protection, Philippe Brunet, said that, although the commission developed a library of pictorial health warnings in 2005, only three European Union member states have started putting the images on cigarette packets: the United Kingdom, Belgium, and Latvia.
The commission has already asked researchers to submit proposals for the new …
Log in using your username and password
Log in through your institution
Register for a free trial to thebmj.com to receive unlimited access to all content on thebmj.com for 14 days.
Sign up for a free trial
|
<urn:uuid:b29c6a3c-7f38-41d8-b46c-78b9aff10b52>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.bmj.com/content/338/bmj.b1351
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00131-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.900195
| 237
| 2.859375
| 3
|
Are you thinking about the possibility of teaching an online class? What about adding an online component to your face-to-face class? Maybe you just want to be prepared in case you are asked to move a course online some day in the future.
Whatever your circumstance, know that the IDC maintains a Faculty Media Library that includes books and videos to meet your teaching needs and desires. We have a great collection of the Jossey-Bass Guides to Online Teaching and Learning series books. We also have a collection of all of the past Starlink videos and other Teaching and Learning videos. In addition to books and videos about online learning, there is a plethora of books and videos available on good teaching and learning in general.
Anything in the Faculty Media Library can be checked out by faculty by contacting the IDC at email@example.com or 450-5240. For a list of available titles, see the Faculty Media Library page on the IDC website.
|
<urn:uuid:0c223257-5f6e-40fe-9a5f-bf79197ba0ee>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://uca.edu/cte/2011/07/12/faculty-media-library/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721555.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00178-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.932567
| 196
| 1.5625
| 2
|
Skip to Content
Português do Brasil
Remove constraint Resource type: http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
« Previous |
Sort by relevance
date uploaded ▼
date uploaded ▲
date modified ▼
date modified ▲
Number of results to display per page
20 per page
View results as:
Select an image to start the slideshow
Modulation of developmental and social behaviour of Pseudomonas spp. in response to phytohormones
1 of 20
Investigating the effects of thrombin on SIM-A9 microglial cell line : relevance to haemorrhagic stroke
2 of 20
Using multi-criteria decision analysis to assess the health of high volume, low cost power network assets
3 of 20
Obesity and neuroinflammation : the impact of adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles on microglial cell signalling
4 of 20
Genetic factors that determine host resistance to bacterial infection
5 of 20
Advancement of automated second harmonic generation laser technology and investigations in spintronics
6 of 20
How did societal changes influence the development of movement assessment research and shape the definition of a normal child in Britain 1945-1985?
7 of 20
Determining the consequence of protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4) activation on neuronal function
8 of 20
Staging, experiences and outcomes in dark tourism settings
9 of 20
Literary interpretations of linguistic form: a psychological account
10 of 20
Denied and disowned motherhood in the works of Dacia Maraini and Annie Ernaux
11 of 20
Verifying Authenticity: Blockchain Technology as a tool to rebuild consumer trust in brand authenticity claims.
12 of 20
Stakeholder mapping, interaction, and incorporation in the network of accountability relationships: A case study
13 of 20
Happiness sells : the impact of emotional pareidolic face configurations on cognition, product perception and consumer attitudes
14 of 20
Remote sensing and machine learning for prediction of wheat growth in precision agriculture applications
15 of 20
Impact of the microbiome on mast cell-mediated protective immune responses in Trichinella spiralis infection
16 of 20
Missed connections and silver linings: researching theatre for early years audience experience during the COVID-19 pandemic
17 of 20
The afterlives of Scottish palaces : conservation policy at Scotland's royal palaces
18 of 20
The effects of head restraint on the sleep architecture of mice
19 of 20
Review of applications of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) to power systems
20 of 20
Limit your search
Abdulrasak, Ameer Fasal Naduvileparambil
Abubaker, Najwa A.
Abudib, Huyam El-Hadi.
Wiese, Martin (Researcher on Leishmania)
Arts and Humanities Research Council
NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde
UK Research and Innovation
Department, School or Faculty
Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences.
Department of Biomedical Engineering.
Department of Bioengineering.
School of Humanities.
Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering.
Department, School or Faculties
|
<urn:uuid:0050dc44-e788-4af8-a8bc-4419fc2bbd09>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://stax.strath.ac.uk/catalog?f%5Bresource_type_sim%5D%5B%5D=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fcoar%2Fresource_type%2Fc_bdcc&locale=en&per_page=20&view=slideshow
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00266.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.735578
| 1,023
| 1.617188
| 2
|
Within an hour of the collapse of the San José copper mine on 5 August, there was widespread hope that the men were alive – at least some of them. The cave-in hit at lunchtime, so, instead of being dispersed throughout the 6km of tunnels, the men had gathered together for their midday meal.
Chile's president, Sebastián Piñera, threw the full weight of his administration behind the rescue efforts. Even as aides begged the newly elected president to avoid personal involvement, Piñera took charge and began organising a rescue operation that used expertise drawn from around the world.
Multinational mining companies donated equipment, personnel and advice. Longstanding competitors fused their energies to provide solutions to the challenge of keeping 33 men alive and healthy via a narrow hole that was drilled down weeks after the men were trapped.
Chile's state-owned mining company, Codelco, had been sending numerous probes down in a frustrating, and often fruitless, search to make contact with the trapped men.Like a mining boom town, the remote hillside outside the San José mine was soon filled with makeshift structures: a police station, rows of tents and an industrial kitchen.
A caravan of backhoes, bulldozers and robotic mining equipment arrived on site. Caravans of up to 40 tractor-drawn trailer-trucks a day unloaded massive construction equipment as engineers scurried to design a solution.
Seventeen days after the accident, a probe found the men, after drilling a hole into a mine shaft near where they had set up their base camp. Then Miguel Fortt, a Chilean miner with vast experience in rescue operations, devised "the pigeon" (la paloma), a three-metre long piece of PVC tubing, lowered by cable to the men, that carried supplies ranging from bottled water to medicine. While the first "pigeon" deliveries took four hours, within days Fortt had improved the device, changing the PVC to metal tubing and reducing the delivery time of supplies to just 20 minutes.
Pedro Gallo, a telecommunications specialist with Codelco, then wired a telephone system, allowing a cable to be dropped down a second probe hole and provide daily contact with the men. Gallo, a humble man, was also instrumental in yesterday's successful drilling operation. As drill operators slowly bored towards the trapped men, Gallo sprinted to a container on the hill where he was able to speak to the miners.
Engineers had worried that if the drill entered the mine shaft too quickly it might pass all the way through the roof or wall and become wedged inside. Now there is one last challenge – winching the men one by one to the surface in a rescue capsule dubbed "The Phoenix".
|
<urn:uuid:b1a89b77-1d30-4882-a221-40490e55e459>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/oct/10/chilean-mine-rescue-pigeon-phoenix
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720475.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00354-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.966502
| 558
| 2.96875
| 3
|
Reflecting the Renaissance spirit of inquiry, Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe (1604) is the tale of an ambitious man who’s desire and thirst for knowledge goes beyond limitations. Faustus sells his soul to Lucifer to acquire all the power and knowledge that he desires to realise too late of the hellish price he must pay.
The sixteenth century was a period of questioning and searching for truth. Individuals during this time strove to act in their own best interest and in the name of what was true to them. The 1300’s European civilisation began its transition out of the church-dominated Middle ages into an era that embraced a worldly and humanistic view of the planet. It was a cultural, intellectual, and artistic movement that began in Italy (1618 – 48), spreading across Europe, eventually reaching England around the 1550’s; hitting its peak during the reign of Queen Elizabeth and King James. It was during the Renaissance period great turmoil within Roman Catholic Church (The Protestant Reformation) arose as traditional practices were challenged by individuals. In the Middle Ages the Catholic Church ruled the lives of people throughout central and western Europe. However, in the constantly evolving and progressing world of the Renaissance, the Roman Catholic church struggled to maintain a steady and uniting structure for people’s spiritual and material lives, igniting a great wave of questioning of practices.
With a literary career spanning over less than six years, Christopher Marlowe influenced English theatre and writing forever. His abstract use of blank verse transformed English poetry, bringing about a new level of maturity to Elizabethan theatre of the time. Christopher Marlowe was born and raised in the primary years of the English Renaissance period which was highly influential to his life, his work, and career. This historic wave of new ideas revolving around science, art, religion and philosophy drove him to become a free thinker; within a group of intellectuals, noblemen, courtiers and commoners who formed an underground club within the school of night that embraced these fore coming new ideas, rejecting the older ones; Dr Faustus was written in this time to reflect the darker side of the period’s boundless pursuit of knowledge.
Doctor Faustus, also referred to as The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus, explores the conflict one experiences between good and evil within the world and the human soul. This play is based on a German story where a man sells his soul to the devil in quest for knowledge and power. Later on, Faustus learns that he committed a grave mistake of selling his soul to the devil for twenty-four years. Reflecting England’s religious climate in the later part of the 16th century, Doctor Faustus takes a witty and comical perspective of Catholicism and its people, whilst subsequently exploring the grave consequences of refusing and denying religious beliefs; comparing the merits of upholding conventional values. Doctor Faustus is often accompanied by two angels, one of good merit and one of evil, both attempting to advise him on his course of action, with the evil being more dominant over his mind. These two angels also act as a metaphorical representation of the internal battle that is raging inside of Faustus. The play demonstrates to an Elizabethan audience the blurred lines between religion and magic; the character Faustus makes a pact with the devil and becomes a magician. Although society in this time was accustomed to believing that good would always triumph, evil gains the upper hand in Marlowe’s play. To an Elizabethan readership and audience, this was a character that was perceived with witch like qualities and it was during this time period, the subject of religion was eventually banned from the Elizabethan stage because of the sensitive subject it provoked amongst viewers within the audience. Due to this, Faustus was the last play from the period to openly deal with religious matters and themes.
Human free will versus fate and destiny can be evidently noted throughout the entirety of the playscript. Marlowe suggests protagonist, Faustus, has little to no choice as to how his destiny may pan out. Marlowe utilises Faustus’ apparent vulnerability to explore the idea of predetermination. The predetermined destiny of the character suggests a form of a higher power has influence of the aftermath of Faustus’ journey. As suggested by Protestant theologian John Calvin, he argued that God being omniscient and all-knowing, recognises from the beginning who will or won’t be saved; therefore, human action and choice are not the keys to restoration. This is suggestive that no matter how much control Faustus may believe he has in his decision to pursue magic or deny redemption, he is simply playing out a script that has been written. The downfall and fate of this character can be viewed in light of restoration, redemption, and everlasting damnation, all of which are Christian ideals.
In late Renaissance and Medieval Italy, theologians continually emphasised the humanity of Christ and the need for the faithful, and spiritual to lead modelled on Christ’s own. This perspective welcomed visual images that stressed his human existence, and particularly favoured themes related to his earthly birth and death. Orazio Gentileschi was an Italian Baroque painter and was one of the most important painters who like many artists working in Rome, Gentileschi began to absorb the lessons of Caravaggio’s powerful realism and came under the influence of Caravaggio; being one of the most successful interpreters to inherit and incorporate his style. This is notable in Gentileschi’s intense observation from life of details such as hands, feet and faces. Gentileschi turned the horrors of his own life into brutal biblical paintings that can also be interpreted as a cry for oppressed men.
Gentileschi’s work lies in a religious renewal. Ignatius of Loyola and others stressed an intimate relationship to God, helping artists find fresh respect for Leonardo’s naturalism the gravity of Michelangelo, and the darkness and artificial lights of some early Mannerism. His work ‘The Mocking of Christ’, remembers the tormenters and even Jesus as individuals, and the rods of torture catch him as in a web. As an older artist, Orazio learns slowly, but he finally gets it. A deathly pallor and an unclear relationship to foreground or background look old-fashioned, but a memory of the Renaissance had revived, and a transition had begun. Gentileschi uses dislocated scale and composition to add dramatic effect. The chronology of Gentileschi’s work remains one of the most widely debated issues of seventeenth-century art historical studies. The theme of ‘The Mocking of Christ’ was treated by Gentileschi’s a number of times. His earliest version is a striking Caravaggesque canvas of intense drama with strong contrasts of light and shade highlights the religious climate of the time in which this artwork was produced, reflecting the ways in which people viewed the church and Christianity. Treading a line between devotion and absurdity, this chilly painting pits refinement of means against brutality of subject. ‘The Mocking of Christ’ is bound to disturb all who come in contact with it and may offend some; within lives its unsettling power.
Doctor Faustus continues to fascinate audiences with the mythic appeal of its story of power and temptation, high-flying ambition, and self-destruction; as question between desire and conscience, rebellion and remorse, Doctor Faustus still remains relevant today whilst ‘The Mocking of Christ’ is a chilling and spine tingling comment on the Christian faith; challenging the values of Christianity.
|
<urn:uuid:54b544d4-254b-4053-9889-1ad52ed5d54c>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://edubirdie.com/examples/story-of-power-and-temptation-high-flying-ambition-and-self-destruction-in-doctor-faustus-by-christopher-marlowe/?post
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00673.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.963969
| 1,600
| 3.546875
| 4
|
Mozart was essentially a pop star of his time; if he were alive today, he would be known for starting new trends, not following old ones. Then he was invited to assume editorial charge of a department in the American Freemason which he accepted in July,and he held this position for one year.
The year saw the composition of more symphonies, concertos for bassoon and for two violins in a style recalling J. There are anecdotes about his precise memory of pitch, about his scribbling a concerto at the age of five, and about his gentleness and sensitivity he was afraid of the trumpet.
Although up to the middle of the century Mozart was still widely regarded as having been surpassed in most respects by Beethoven, with the increased historical perspective of the later 20th century he came to be seen as an artist of a formidableindeed perhaps unequaled, expressive range.
How were they alike and how were they different. He loved elegant clothing. The instrumental works included divertimentos, concertos, and serenades, notably the Haffner Kwhich in its use of instruments and its richness of working carried the serenade style into the symphonic without prejudicing its traditional warmth and high spirits.
Line-cut of the Paris, edition, containing 12 sonatas. In the summer ofrumours began to circulate, as far as Salzburg, that Mozart was contemplating marriage with the third of the Weber daughters, Constanze; but he hotly denied them in a letter to his father: He could play it faultlessly and with the greatest delicacy, and keeping exactly in time In Italian lute tablature and mensural notation.
His father, Leopoldcame from a family of good standing from which he was estrangedwhich included architects and bookbinders. Leopold, Wolfgang, and Nannerl. Line-cut of the Walsh edition, London, third issue of the first edition.
Line-cut of the Bologna, edition. In he composed his first opera, La Finta Semplice, which was presented for the first time a year later in his home town of Salzburg. Its cynical treatment of the theme of sexual infidelity may have been responsible for its relative lack of success with the Viennese, who responded with such enthusiasm to the comedy of Figaro.
After the Reformation, the Bailiwick of Utrecht of the Order became Protestant; this branch still consists of knights, but the modern Roman Catholic order consists of Roman Catholic priests, nuns, and associates.
Today, he would probably be inspired by the music of the past and present and from that, he would create something entirely new. The group begins with the refined but conservatively lyrical Kbut then follow two concertos with a new level of symphonic unity and grandeur, that in C Minor Kusing the largest orchestra Mozart had yet called for in the concert hall, and the imperious concerto in C Major K.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born on January 27, and died December 5, He is widely known as one of most significant and famous composers of European classical music.4/4(1). + free ebooks online. Did you know that you can help us produce ebooks by proof-reading just one page a day? Go to: Distributed Proofreaders.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart baptized as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart lived from January 27, to December 5, Mozart was a very influential and prolific composer of more than works, including symphonies, concertante, chamber, piano, opera, and.
If this is the best of possible worlds, what then are the others? Even in those cities which seem to enjoy the blessings of peace, and where the arts florish, the inhabitants are devoured by envy, cares and anxieties, which are greater plagues than any experienced in a town when it is under siege.
Read this Music and Movies Essay and over 88, other research documents. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart () Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born in Salzburg in Austria, the son of Leopold, Kapellmeister to the. This is the daily broadcast schedule for BBC Radio 3.Wolfgang amadeus mozart 1756 1791 essay
|
<urn:uuid:dab606dc-768d-4813-aa22-86de24d12c50>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://sitezodepuv.thesanfranista.com/wolfgang-amadeus-mozart-1756-1791-essay-28778rt.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00274.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.977899
| 916
| 2.453125
| 2
|
Martin Luther King Jr. speaks to the crowds at Montgomery. Photo: Stephen Somerstein
Today we honor the life and legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., civil rights activist and champion of human rights, justice and equality. His powerful words continue to inspire, teach and shape individuals in the US and around the world.
1. “The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.”
2. “We want all of our rights, we want them here, and we want them now.”
A dramatic disconnect between principles and policies has hampered current U.S. health care reform efforts. This became obvious when candidate Obama declared health care to be a right and then proceeded to treat it as a commodity when negotiating with insurance companies a requirement for individuals to buy a commercial health insurance product.
Similarly, early on in the debate the president championed the principle of universality by promising some form of health coverage – if not necessarily health care – for 46 million uninsured people, only to lower the policy goal to 30 million American citizens in his speech before Congress, excluding many immigrants and low-income people. Since then, further policy provisions that restrict access to health coverage for immigrants – documented and undocumented – and reduce affordability for lower-income people have appeared in the health care bill adopted by the Senate Finance Committee. SEE THE REST OF THIS POST
Over 10 years ago, I worked in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. As a legal advisor, I researched Israeli policy and practice of demolishing the homes of Palestinians. In the night, bulldozers would appear before a Palestinian home and raze it to the ground. Often, the occupants were able to flee in their nightclothes. Sometimes, they could not. I stood in countless piles of rubble during my time there, witness to inhumane and senseless destruction. One of my most harrowing visits to the crumbled ruins of a 92 year-old woman’s home haunted me for many nights. In dreams, as she had in life, she clung to me sobbing, “Please help us. Please help us. Please.”
I was there as part of an interfaith peace initiative that placed budding lawyers in the OPT, with the hope that by bearing witness to the human rights atrocities, we would return to the U.S. and shed light on shaded perception. It was an optimistic initiative, counting on us Jews, Muslims and Christians to reach beyond our identities into our shared responsibility for justice. Where this happens, I find the greatest hope.
After the past weeks, hope in the OPT is in short supply, but it came again when I received an email from my dear friend, Michael Ratner. It is not a message from a Jew to a Muslim about a holiday honoring a Christian. It is a message about the deep principles of justice and mutual obligation to shed loyalties to labels and honor that which is fundamentally human. Human rights have no tribe, no religion, no skin color, no ethnicity and no price tag. Its only loyalty is to the principle that we are each owed the dignity of an even, humane standard.
In these days, the situation in the OPT can sometimes feel overwhelmingly bleak, if you need a little hope, listen to King’s speech and read Michael’s words.
A note from Michael Ratner:
On the celebration of King’s birth I often read or listen to the anti-war speech that he gave at Riverside Church on April 4, 1967—A Time to Break the Silence. It was a powerful statement of his opposition to the Vietnam War. He spoke of how he was told to not oppose the war because his opposition would anger President Johnson and harm the civil rights movement. He was warned that “Peace and Civil rights don’t mix.” King admitted he held back because of this possible consequence for too long and failed to speak out earlier.
I bring this up today when I think about Israel’s recent invasion of Gaza. While we are celebrating King’s birth and the inauguration of Barack Obama, Israel invaded Gaza killing over 1200 people, men women and children, and injured thousands. It targeted UN buildings, homes, mosques, police stations, universities and media outlets. Thirteen Israeli soldiers were killed—a ratio of one hundred Palestinians for each Israeli. The international law violations have been well documented: disproportionate military force, attacks on civilian targets, collective punishment. The killings of the three daughters of a Palestinian doctor gave a face to those killed in way that numbers could not. Members of my broader family knew the doctor, had visited him in Gaza and heard from during the Israeli onslaught. He was terrified for his family, but had no way out.
When I heard the news of the murders of the doctor’s children I was at the Sundance film festival and had just viewed an amazing and moving film about radical lawyer Bill Kunstler called Disturbing the Universe. The film shows Bill in Chicago during the 1969 Chicago 8 trial. During the time of the trial Black Panther leader Fred Hampton was murdered by the Chicago police. Bill was appalled by the murder, but he did not just blame the Chicago police. He blamed himself and all white Americans. For it was white Americans that for too long had remained silent and accepted the pervasive racism and the murder of Blacks in our society.
This brings me to Gaza and role of American Jews and, in fact, of almost all Americans. For too long, and I do not exempt myself, most of us have stood silently by or made only a marginal protests about the massive violations of Palestinian rights carried out by Israel. I recall a conversation I had some years ago with the political artist Leon Golub, famous for his outsized oil paintings of torture carried out by American mercenaries in Central America. Leon told me that he had been invited to attend a panel to address what it meant to be a Jewish political artist. He said he had never thought of himself as a “Jewish political artist” but only as a “political artist.” Then he thought some more. Of the works of art he had made, none concerned Israel’s treatment of the Palestinians. And then he knew, at least for himself and probably many others: to be a “Jewish political artist” was to be an artist who avoided depicting the horrors inflicted on Palestinians. Of course, that is true for more than just artists. Many Jews who are very involved in human rights, ending poverty and war, and fighting for the underdog avoid criticism of Israel. They wrongly think that human rights are divisible; or that like ostriches they can hide their heads and pretend not to see what is clearly staring them in the face and makes them uncomfortable: the inhuman treatment of Palestinians.
Some of our willful blindness and refusal to act is a result of our ambivalence about condemning the actions of a people that have experienced pervasive antisemitism and the holocaust. Some of our hesitation to act results from the condemnation and opprobrium anyone, but especially Jews, encounter with even mild criticisms of Israel. Organizations that take a position against Israeli actions subject themselves to a loss of funding from foundations and individuals. Few can afford to do so. As long as this silence continues, so will the U.S. billions in aid and arms that facilitates the killings of Palestinians. As long as this silence continues, more and more settlements will be built. As long as this silence continues, there will be more and more Gazas and more and more children murdered.
The lesson here is simple, but difficult to act on. We are, each of us, responsible for the murders in Gaza. Our silence is betrayal. Each time we hesitate to speak out; each time we moderate our condemnation we become accomplices in killing. The time, if there ever was one, to show courage is now. Yes it will be difficult for many. As King said about the reluctance of some to oppose the Vietnam War:
“Nor does the human spirit move without great difficulty against all the apathy of conformist thought within one’s own bosom and in the surrounding world. Moreover when the issues at hand seem as perplexed as they often do in the case of this dreadful conflict we are always on the verge of being mesmerized by uncertainly; but we must move on.
We must take King’s words to heart. We, each of us, “must move on.” We must begin somewhere even if it just means saying the issue is not off our agenda. Begin the discussion; begin to act; show that you care. And remember, “A Time Comes When Silence is Betrayal.” That time has come.
Action for Human Rights. Hope for Humanity.
|
<urn:uuid:a7822c85-6d10-4648-98c6-918546edcbec>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://blog.amnestyusa.org/tag/martin-luther-king/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00134-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.972063
| 1,805
| 2.53125
| 3
|
If you have any problems related to the accessibility of any content (or if you want to request that a specific publication be accessible), please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.org.
Mapping the Future of Occupations: Transformative and Destructive Effects of New Digital Technologies on Jobs
AltmetricsView Usage Statistics
We investigate the impact of new digital technologies upon occupations. We argue that these impacts may be both destructive and transformative. The destructive effects of digitalization substitute human labor, while transformative effects of digitalization complement it. We distinguish between four broad groups of occupations that differ with regard to the impact of digitalization upon them. "Rising star" occupations are characterized by the low destructive and high transformative effects of digitalization. In contrast, "collapsing" occupations face a high risk of destructive effects. "Human terrain" occupations have low risks of both destructive and transformative digitalization, whereas "machine terrain" occupations are affected by both types. We analyze the differences between these four occupational groups in terms of the capabilities, which can be considered bottlenecks to computerization. The results help to identify which capabilities will be in demand and to what degree workers with different abilities can expect their occupations to be transformed in the digital era.
|
<urn:uuid:86e3dff8-ab7d-4141-af2d-4c6e7f2fb36f>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://scholarworks.unr.edu/handle/11714/5811
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00271.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.894577
| 263
| 2.1875
| 2
|
There are certain cultural figures whose passing seems to mark the end of an era. Paolo Soleri was one of those. Even if you never actually got to visit Arcosanti, the maverick builder and his off-the-grid, concrete fantasy occupied a place in the imaginations of a generation — both architects and non-architects — akin to that of counterculture gurus like Timothy Leary or John Lennon. Bennett Stein even concocted a university course inspired by Soleri’s vision, as he recalls here.
Arcosanti was a space age rock and roll utopia to me growing up. Paolo Soleri was its hipster exotic guru, like some alpha cat out of Zabriski Point. Better still, it was a lunar base yet located on earth. As a kid I had an older brother in college in the 70s, who may have been the one who first turned me on to Arcosanti. When I visited him in Boston on weekends he’d have me sleep in an indoor pyramid to soak up superconcentrated biocosmic energy to make me spiritually evolved or invincible. He saw Arcosanti as an ancient Egyptian embassy on American soil.
It seemed cool because it felt off the grid, felt rebellious, it strove to grow its own food and limit carbon footprints. It also felt like a Philip K. Dick sci-fi spiritual western to me. When I read Philip K. Dick’s ‘Martian Time Slip’ about the lone Martian trash hauler base commander, Arcosanti was how I pictured that yarn. Arcosanti was architecture as conscientious, smart hippie rock and roll lounge headquarters. It may have been mostly a fantasy but it made me think about the built environment, and gave me odd fleeting delusions of being an architect, second only to my constant dream of being a rock and roll star. Later when I was at UC Berkeley, Arcosanti was the impetus for me to develop my own major there, Urban Anthropology, which I conceived of as a way to study present day cities and buildings of earth as if I were an anthropologist, or alien archeologist, a thousand years in the future.
Dream vision fulfilled: I am that future or alien anthropologist studying the ancient incomplete dream of a mysterious civilization called Arcosanti. I must get out there to Arizona and sift around in the sand and find out what those people ate, what bands they listened to, what kind of astronomical instruments they used, whether or not they’d planned to build a landing dock for space people to land the mother ship.
Even though his community never achieved the size (pop. 5000) that he imagined, being ultimately occupied by 100 or so devotees, dreams of an earthly utopia live on, perhaps in today’s efforts to go off the grid, or on other platforms, like the virtual environments of video games and other transmedia fantasy realms. As it happens, the creation of alternative universes will be under discussion on Saturday, at USC’s 5D festival, entitled the Science of Fiction. Listen to founder Alex McDowell discuss it here. Send us your thoughts on your favorite counterculture environments and we will discuss on a future DnA.
|
<urn:uuid:803a199a-196f-4990-8705-d7e2314b0b6f>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://blogs.kcrw.com/dna/paola-soleris-passing-marks-end-of-era-for-counterculture-architecture-or-does-it
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718423.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00271-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.959416
| 667
| 1.664063
| 2
|
The Republic of Guatemala is located in Central America. It is bordered by the Pacific Ocean, and is located between El Salvador and Mexico. On its eastern border is the nations of Belize and Honduras, along with the Caribbean Sea. It is the 107th largest country in the world. Guatemala functions as a constitutional democratic republic with three branches of government – executive, legislative and judicial. Guatemala has a multi-party system, including several political parties. Guatemala received independence from Spain on September 15th, 1821.
|
<urn:uuid:6ab20d58-c6dc-4892-a211-49a54469a5ca>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.imuna.org/resources/country-profiles/guatemala/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00074.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.979824
| 103
| 3.28125
| 3
|
Tourists Face A Toll If They Want To Drive Down Lombard Street
STEVE INSKEEP, HOST:
Good morning. I'm Steve Inskeep. People in New York have heard of congestion pricing. The city limits traffic by charging more to take bridges or tunnels into Manhattan. San Francisco may impose congestion pricing on a single block. Lombard Street is called the crookedest street in the world with eight switchbacks on a steep hill. Residents complain tourists back up traffic, so officials now propose telling drivers to pay a toll of up to $10, and make a reservation. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
|
<urn:uuid:a310ac8f-bc5e-42ee-a7c1-cee2f2e327d7>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.ksmu.org/2019-04-18/tourists-face-a-toll-if-they-want-to-drive-down-lombard-street
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00469.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.892151
| 127
| 1.726563
| 2
|
(Week 27 of the year: Wednesday)
LORD, TEACH US TO PRAY.
Once Jesus was in a certain place praying, and when he had finished, one of his disciples said, “Lord, teach us to pray, just as John taught his disciples.” He said to them, “Say this when you pray:
‘Father, may your name be held holy,
your kingdom come;
give us each day our daily bread,
and forgive us our sins,
for we ourselves forgive each one who is in debt to us.
And do not put us to the test.’”
V. The Gospel of the Lord.
R. Praise to you, Lord Jesus Christ.
|
<urn:uuid:fef8a78e-a553-44f4-a219-50e0c9e385ea>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://prayers4reparation.wordpress.com/2014/10/07/todays-gospel-reading-luke-111-4/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00108-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.9716
| 155
| 2.5
| 2
|
Series HOW TO INTERPRET SCRIPTURE? with Pastor Kurt Piesslinger, M.A. |
9.CREATION: GENESIS AS FOUNDATION – PART 2 |
Great scientists were in touch with the creator.
Memory Text: Psalm 19:1 – The heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament shows His handiwork.
9.1 A Flat Earth?
A strange question…
My God bless you today and always.
|
<urn:uuid:f4930415-58b0-4fa0-8e9d-3019237ff257>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://en.christlicheressourcen.com/9-1-a-flat-earth-creation-genesis-as-foundation-part-2-pastor-kurt-piesslinger-m-a/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00667.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.789638
| 99
| 2.0625
| 2
|
The French government is pressing EU leaders to make the criteria for further expansion more rigorous by taking into account the Union’s ability to absorb new members.
The proposals will be discussed by EU foreign ministers at an informal meeting at the end of next week (27-28 May) to discuss the future of Europe.
‘Absorption capacity’ has been discussed since the EU’s current criteria for membership were drawn up in 1993 but has often been overshadowed by other conditions. Until now the focus has fallen on the acceding country’s ability to enforce EU rules.
But French President Jacques Chirac is now pressing for the EU to set out more explicitly its absorption capacity.
Under proposals put forward by France, the EU would have to take into account the ability of the institutions to function after enlargement and for the EU to pay for current policies.
France would also like to see the EU take the opinion of its citizens into account.
According to a draft text, “the European Union must fully take into account the views of its citizens on continuing the enlargement process, which is an essential aspect of the European project”.
Following the rejection of the EU constitution in France and the Netherlands last year, Chirac caused controversy by pledging to put future enlargements to a referendum in France.
The French proposals are controversial since they would make accession difficult for candidate countries in the western Balkans, as well as Turkey.
According to the latest Eurobarometer poll, around 55% of EU citizens oppose Turkey’s membership. The same poll showed less than half supported any future enlargement.
Diplomats from other member states questioned the timing of the proposals. Some are pressing for the discussion to be delayed to avoid any further questions over Romanian and Bulgarian accession.
“We don’t expect a deep debate at this stage,” said a Commission official. But the official added that absorption was an issue not only for France, as MEPs too had asked for clarification.
A spokesperson for the Austrian presidency of the EU said that discussions were ongoing, with some member states arguing that the Council should wait for Enlargement Commis- sioner Olli Rehn’s report on absorption before making any concrete recommendations. Rehn’s report is expected in the second half of this year.
But French diplomats defended the decision to deal with the matter now. Under the French proposals, the European Commission and Council of Ministers would be tasked with elaborating the concept.
The Commission would also be asked to provide its assessment of the EU’s current absorption capacity before each new wave of enlargement.
Turkish diplomats sought to play down the proposals. “We have been aware since 1993 that absorption capacity has been an issue, not just for us,” said one Turkish diplomat.
“We would not like to join a club that cannot absorb new members. We are not joining to destroy the EU.”
Croatia’s chief negotiator on membership said it was too early to comment on the proposals.
|
<urn:uuid:6b329963-3f1b-47e9-b916-0256c7167f48>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.politico.eu/article/france-seeks-tougher-eu-accession-criteria/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00069.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.96724
| 635
| 1.945313
| 2
|
Manual create account
Acid base indicators are used to identify change in pH of a solution. The indicators changes color when the environment changes from acidic to basic or the other way. Indicators are available with different pH range. Edited by Ashraf
You need to login to download this video.
or login or signup
Tags: Identifying pH change
( Send Message ) on 09-11-2010.
Dnatube suggest users to have interest in drug testing, mesothelioma, insurance, medical lawyers.
Duration: 4m 10s
|
<urn:uuid:ba00f740-9e11-4ea1-872f-73afe24deb72>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.dnatube.com/video/4890/Identifying-pH-change
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00035-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.84589
| 116
| 2.03125
| 2
|
"La Pusterla di Sant'Ambrogio" Top 5 Page for this destination Basilica Sant'Ambrogio Tip by Diana75
Basilica Sant'Ambrogio, Milan: 30 reviews and 100 photos
Located close to Sant'Ambrogio church, Pusterla di Sant'Ambrogio, built in 1171, is made of a unique tower bordered by two lateral arches.
Up on the central part can be found the statues of Sant' Ambrogio, San Gervasio and San Protasio.
The Pusterla was passing through restoration works but the statues of the saints were not covered.
Address: Piazza Sant'Ambrogio
Phone: 02 8645 0895
More Things to Do in Milan (75)
More Reviews (73)
- Milano maraton
- See All Flea Market
- See All Wedding Photos
- See All Morning traffic
- See All Stazione centrale – luggage deposit
- See All Cimitero Monumentale
Diana75's Related Pages
Have you been to Milan?Share Your Travels
|
<urn:uuid:3da9b49b-46b1-4171-9e91-a9f69f7e004b>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://members.virtualtourist.com/m/p/m/167763/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00099-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.718851
| 232
| 1.617188
| 2
|
If you are anything like me, at some point in your career as an educator, you have had to write your belief statement. I know when I was in my undergraduate program, that was a requirement as we were building our professional portfolio. I was asked to do the same again during my Master’s Program. It was something that I was asked to think about, or even write, by administrators that I worked for earlier in my career. If I were to go back through each of my belief statements, I am sure there is one phrase that would appear in every statement – some version of “I believe all kids can learn.”
When you pause to think about it, the statement “all kids can learn” has almost become a cliché. But it is also something that we all feel like we are supposed to say. The reality is that saying that all kids can learn adds little to the practices that exist in our classroom. We must go just a step further – we must define what we will do if a student is not learning.
I would guess we have all had a student (or more) that struggled in our classroom for some reason. Maybe a student came to your class with fewer skills than most of your students. Maybe a student’s behavior appeared to impact their ability to participate in learning activities. Maybe a student did not seem interested in the learning that you had to offer. Maybe you believe that a student’s ability is fixed and that you have little influence over that – this may mean that you believe a student needs a specific program or track to meet their needs. Or maybe you think that a student could learn if they took better advantage of the opportunities you offer in the classroom. Or maybe we are content with just seeing growth from a student, even if that student is not closing any gaps that may exist.
Do any of these things mean that a child is unable to learn? No. Instead, there are challenges that may make it harder for a student to meet expectations that you would have for the children in your classroom. But by no means does it mean that a child is unable to meet those expectations.
So instead of asking if we believe that all kids can learn, we need to ask a couple of questions that will help us build a greater sense of purpose:
- If we believe all kids can learn, exactly what is it that we will expect them to learn?
- If we believe all kids can learn, how do we respond when they do not learn?
These questions can help us drive meaningful conversations as a collaborative team, or grade-level PLC (Professional Learning Communities). It helps us to identify the work we need to be engaging in with each child that walks into our classrooms and schools. These are questions we must constantly be wrestling with throughout the course of a school year.
In the past, when we think of school through the industrial model of learning, it was acceptable to sort and select students based on their abilities or willingness to master parts of the curriculum. In the industrial age, there were more opportunities to pursue an occupation that did not require higher-order thinking skills. Now we are living in the information age. In this society, it needs to be a belief of schools that we will bring all students to their full potential. This will help them prepare for their future and the jobs that will exist when they are ready for a career.
This means having the belief that we will establish ambitious standards of learning that we expect ALL students to achieve. And here is the thing, all really does mean all. We cannot fall back on the mindset that some of our students are not capable of meeting those expectations.
During my career in education, I remember several colleagues who would make statements like “My babies just can’t manage that.” Let us be real for a moment. Efficacy is a real thing. That belief that we have in our students will impact on how they do. Henry Ford has a quote that comes to mind:
Similarly, if we believe our students can, or believe they can’t, we’re right. Efficacy is all about what we believe. If we do not believe our students are capable of something, then we can almost guarantee that they will never find success in that thing! And I will be honest, I have had those thoughts too at times.
But here is the wonderful thing! You do not have to do this on your own! Hopefully, you have colleagues around you that can support you in your goals for your students. Hopefully, you can work with the resources in your building to solve problems for those kids who are struggling. Hopefully, your PLC can work together as a collaborative team to address the questions above to find how to best support ever student that walks into your classroom. As you dig into the questions, you’ll find new ideas, new solutions, and new successes. And your students will learn. Maybe not as quick as we would like, but with time, with focus, and with belief, they will get there!
What are your thoughts? Have you ever found success with a student that you were not sure you would be able to? Was there something you learned from that experience? Share with us in the comments below!
|
<urn:uuid:55835ba3-6cae-41b0-9d72-afb985dcb1c0>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://theviewfrom518.com/2021/09/09/all-kids-can-learn/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00474.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.984383
| 1,079
| 2.78125
| 3
|
Guidelines for Reporting Health Research is a practical guide to choosing and correctly applying the appropriate guidelines when reporting health research to ensure clear, transparent, and useful reports. This new title begins with an introduction to reporting guidelines and an overview of the importance of transparent reporting, the characteristics of good guidelines, and how to use reporting guidelines effectively in reporting health research. This hands-on manual also describes over a dozen internationally recognised published guidelines such as CONSORT, STROBE, PRISMA and STARD in a clear and easy to understand format. It aims to help researchers choose and use the correct guidelines for reporting their research, and to produce more completely and transparently reported papers which will help to ensure reports are more useful and are not misleading.Written by the authors of health research reporting guidelines, in association with the EQUATOR (Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research) Network, Guidelines for Reporting Health Research is a helpful guide to producing publishable research. It will be a valuable resource for researchers in their role as authors and also an important reference for editors and peer reviewers.
DETTAGLI PRODOTTO torna su
Titolo: Guidelines for Reporting Health Research - A User' s Manual
Autori: Moher - Altman - Schulz - Simera - Wager
Finitura: Copertina flessibile
Misure: 17x24 cm
Peso: 0.5 kg
NESSUNA RECENSIONE PER QUESTO PRODOTTO
|
<urn:uuid:7345bcec-4216-45bf-8f7d-c58e076e1801>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.libreriauniverso.it/articolo/72464/9780470670446/Moher-Altman-Schulz-Simera-Wager-Guidelines-for-Reporting-Health-Research-A-User'-s-Manual
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00280-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.863581
| 308
| 2.375
| 2
|
In this Article
When a person thinks of protein powder, the image of a shredded adult with monstrous muscles comes to mind. Protein powder is often mistaken to be something that gym-going people consume in copious quantities, in order to build their muscles quicker. However, protein powder may be necessary for your children, too- it can play a huge role in the development of the body of your child.
What Is Protein Powder?
Protein powder, as the name suggests, consists mainly of proteins which are an essential requirement for the human body. Protein powder for children mainly comes in three types, which are whey, soy and casein protein. While all three of these can be consumed by children, whey protein is mainly recommended by doctors. This is a water-soluble milk protein, which has the essential amino acids which play a huge role in the development of the child and also helps your child in his intake of the required amount of protein.
How Much Protein Do Children Need?
Obviously, children need much less protein than their adult counterparts- they do not need to go to the gym to work out, after all. Protein does help in the growth of children, so it is a necessary cog in their diet. The amount required by children varies according to their age. For children younger than three years, around ten percent of their calories must be derived from proteins. This figure rises to between ten and thirty percent for children older than the age of 4. For adults, the figure lies at a lofty 35%- this highlights how essential proteins are to the child.
The exact amount of protein required for the child also depends upon the weight of the child. However, around 15 grams of protein is required for the healthy development of a child.
Is Protein Powder Good for Kids?
This question is one of the most frequent ones that parents ask, before buying protein powder for their children. The stigma around protein powder has grown to such a level that consuming it is considered almost akin to taking steroids, as the powder is consumed mainly by gym-going muscle-bound guys. However, protein powder is definitely safe for children although the intake should be controlled.
In a normal scenario, your child might be getting the amount of protein he requires from the daily diet that he consumes. Fruits, nuts and vegetables are rich in protein; soy protein shakes are not required if your child consumes enough of those. Protein shakes may contain an excess amount of protein, which the body will turn to fat and this can contribute to obesity in the child. Also, a large amount of protein being consumed frequently can result in kidney damage and dehydration in the child, so the amount needs to be controlled with extreme care.
Types of Protein Powder for Children
There are three types of protein powder for children, which are:
1. Whey Protein Powder
This type of protein is also called the ‘complete’ one, as it has all the essential amino acids which play a huge role in the development of the child’s body. Whey protein powder for kids is derived from cow milk, therefore, is best suited for small children. The production of leucine, an amino acid starts as soon as this protein enters the bloodstream of the child.
2. Casein Protein Powder
Casein protein powder is also derived from milk, but it does not have all of the amino acids mentioned above. Casein is also harder to digest, especially for children- your child may feel full for longer than usual after consuming casein powder.
3. Soy Protein Powder
The third type of powder, soy protein powder has been touted to have great benefits for children- however, there is no conclusive evidence about this. In fact, soy milk is one of the eight major foods that many children are allergic to. Children who have allergies to dairy products usually are allergic to soy too, and soy milk is not necessarily better than dairy in any way. Therefore, you are better off avoiding soy products unless the doctor recommends them.
How to Choose Kids Friendly Protein Powder?
Choosing the best protein powder for kids can be difficult, here are some tips you a use:
- Ensure that whey isolate is present in the powder if you are looking to buy whey protein powder for your child.
- Buy powder with fewer amounts of artificial sweeteners, as they can contribute to obesity in the child.
- Choose a flavour that is easy to consume for children.
- Choose protein isolates over concentrates, as the former is better and purer compared to the latter.
- A high-sugar content in the powder can be counterproductive, as it only gives a short-term energy boost for the child.
Protein powder may become a necessity for your child if he is not getting enough of it through his diet. If you choose to give your child protein powder, do not forget to consult a dietician regarding the recommended intake and the downsides to the powder you choose!
|
<urn:uuid:33cd5c84-d04f-428f-92d1-68e1c1c0f513>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://parenting.firstcry.ae/articles/protein-powder-for-kids-is-it-safe/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00476.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.96788
| 1,012
| 2.953125
| 3
|
NYC (CNNMoney) — People in the us tempted by the vow of quick cash is spending an average of $520 a seasons in costs for short-term lines of credit referred to as pay day loans.
An calculated 12 million People in america remove payday advances each 12 months, in accordance with the Pew Charitable Trusts’ Safe Small-Dollar Loans research study.
An average of, these borrowers remove eight loans per season, averaging $375 each, the study predicated on focus teams and phone interview discovered. During the period of a couple of weeks — whenever pay day loans typically come due — costs averaged $15 per $100 lent, amounting to a 391% apr. Many lenders display spending as costs, however they can be mirrored as rates of interest.
Due to the small-dollar amount stretched therefore the access that is relatively easy no credit check is necessary — payday advances tend to be marketed as « fast money » to cover emergency spending that arise before a borrower’s next paycheck arrives, which will be typically fourteen days, Pew stated.
But Pew’s learn reveals that many borrowers really utilize payday advances for regular bills — perhaps perhaps maybe not for emergencies, as numerous payday lenders promote. Plus, the common debtor takes out eight loans and it is indebted about five months of the season simply because they continue steadily to restore the loan that is original.
« [M]illions have actually looked to payday loan providers whenever funds is tight, finding quick relief but struggling for months to settle loans, » based on the learn.
Lenders typically need use of a debtor’s bank-account to enable them to confirm that a source is had by the borrower of money, and that can then immediately withdraw the total amount owed once the client’s next paycheck try deposited in to the account.
After renewing that loan of $375 eight days, for instance, the typical debtor would pay off a grand complete of $895 — like the $375 principal together with normal $520 in charges or interest fast cash loan Louisiana, based on Pew.
Whom makes use of pay day loans?
Over fifty percent, or 55%, of cash advance borrowers is white, and 52% is feminine, on the basis of the general demographics of this national nation, Pew discover.
However the demographic teams which are almost certainly to bring a payday loan out add African-Americans, folk earning significantly less than $40,000 each year, divorcees, and individuals without four-year university levels.
African-Americans are 105% much more likely than many other races or cultural teams to just take down an online payday loan, as an example.
» If you appear during the nation in general, many people are white and feminine, so our results mirror those demographics, however, if you are taking white someone as an organization and compare them to black colored everyone, you notice that the typical African-American is much more prone to incorporate pay day loans in contrast to the common white individual, » stated Pew venture director Nick Bourke.
About three-quarters of borrowers bring pay day loans from storefront loan providers — which could consist of larger banking institutions or small businesses — while 25 % of borrowers use the internet to borrow. On line loans are usually more costly — coming with typical costs of $95 per $375 loan, in comparison to $55 charges for storefront loans, the research receive.
More loan that is payday, or 69%, make use of these loans to fund a recurring cost, like lease, home financing, resources, bank card re re payments or ingredients. Meanwhile, just 16% utilize the funds to pay for costs that are unexpected medical costs.
While payday lending proponents argue that the loans are « an important option to help underserved everyone solve short-term cash-flow problems, » Pew stated that many borrowers — or 81% — stated they might reduce spending like clothes and ingredients when they did not can pay for and were not able to just take a payday loan out.
Because of this, Pew discovered that state laws that limit payday financing — by capping interest levels or charges or restricting the amount of loans a debtor usually takes away — reduce steadily the number of individuals taking out fully payday advances and don’t push borrowers to search out higher priced options.
In states where payday lending are greatly restricted, for instance, 95% of « would-be borrowers » stated they’dn’t make use of an internet payday loan provider when they were not able getting a loan from the storefront loan provider.
The buyer Financial security Bureau was handed the authority to modify payday loan providers during the level that is federal. The agency’s manager, Richard Cordray, stated early in the day this current year that examining the ways of payday loan providers was a top concern,|priority that is top} together with CFPB is likely to be collecting suggestions and performing on-site audits concerning the company techniques of the lenders. He additionally stated the agency are alert to some banks that are major payday-like loans, which customer teams state can trap borrowers in comparable rounds of debt.
|
<urn:uuid:5a589f75-c3eb-4210-b74d-19f7c237ca65>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.keg-and-can.fr/fast-cash-payday-advances-price-borrowers-520-per-19/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00265.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.962031
| 1,046
| 1.828125
| 2
|
Where do you find the ideas for your novels? How do you know when it's time for a character to die? Is it difficult to let go of a story once it's complete? Deon Meyer answers these questions (and more) in an enlightening three-part series of video interviews, conducted after the South African release of Thirteen Hours.
Deon Meyer on Writing, Part 1
Deon Meyer on Writing, Part 2
Deon Meyer on Writing, Part 3
Unless otherwise stated, this interview was conducted at the time the book was first published, and is reproduced with permission of the publisher. This interview may not be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the copyright holder.
Become a Member and discover books that entertain, engage & enlighten!
No Man's Land
by Simon Tolkien
Inspired by the experiences of his grandfather, J. R. R. Tolkien, during World War I.
Solve this clue:
and be entered to win..
Visitors can view some of BookBrowse for free. Full access is for members only.
Your guide toexceptional books
BookBrowse seeks out and recommends books that we believe to be best in class. Books that will whisk you to faraway places and times, that will expand your mind and challenge you -- the kinds of books you just can't wait to tell your friends about.
|
<urn:uuid:78fd455f-4bcb-437c-a327-84c402835291>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://www.bookbrowse.com/author_interviews/full/index.cfm/author_number/1196/author/deon-meyer
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00089-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.934444
| 284
| 1.515625
| 2
|
Понравилась презентация – покажи это...
How to Save a Place Fundraising Basics
Raise money to support what matters. Fundraising isn’t about money -- it’s about your mission. People give because they feel passionate about a cause and because they believe they can make a difference. Highlight the work you’re doing to make a difference and tell your donor how they’ll be a part of it.
People give to people. People are behind the foundations, corporations, and government agencies that you might appeal to for a grant or donation. Find out as much as possible about prospective supporters to help you build meaningful and lasting relationships.
Be accountable; be ethical. Be transparent with those who are helping support your work. It’s important to accurately track and report fundraising revenue and expenses. A big part of transparency is sharing results. Hosting tours and events for donors at your historic site will help you show that their financial support made a tangible difference.
Successful fundraising starts with a plan. Before you can reach out to individuals and institutions, you need to have a funding goal and a plan for how you’ll reach it. Make a list of people and places you will ask for funding and how much. Decide when you’ll write your letters and/or apply for grants; you’ll likely need funding at different points along the way in your project. Remember, always read the guidelines for any grants you apply for.
Search beyond traditional sources. Preservation Fund grants are a great place to start. But there are also many other places to look -- private-sector philanthropies, corporations, corporate foundations, to name a few. Speak to bank trust officers about any local or individual trusts, bequests, and foundations that might embrace the goals of the preservation project. Get creative -- reach out on social media, host a special fundraising event, think outside the box.
Look at national funding resources. Grants.gov offers a comprehensive list of federal grant opportunities. The National Park Service also administers a range of grants. Plus, check out The Getty, Tourism Cares, and the Foundation of the American Institute for Conservation. Keep looking and you’re sure to find more.
Also research state funding resources. Talk to someone in your state historic preservation office (SHPO). Most states administer historic preservation grant or loan programs.
Don’t forget local funding resources. Reach out to your local historic preservation office. If your community is a Certified Local Government, it’s eligible to apply for grants that can help fund a variety of preservation projects. You can also look for community foundations in your state.
Explore emergency grants. If your historic site has been damaged in the last few weeks by an unexpected event such as a flood, fire, or high winds, it may also be eligible for a National Trust Emergency/Intervention Fund Grant. Funding can also be used to support advocacy campaigns in response to pending legislation or development pressures.
Never give up. Fundraising isn’t magic, nor is it an arcane science. Think about it more as a conversation with someone (whether it’s in person or on paper), not a transaction. It might not be easy or feel totally comfortable at first, but remember the most important part is simply asking.
Photos courtesy: Specious, Wikimedia; Susana Raab; NWABR, Flickr; Duanebates, Wikimedia; NPCA Photos, Flickr; Eli Pousson, Flickr; Specious, Wikimedia; EncMstr, Wikimedia; US Army Environmental Command, Flickr; Maralei Bunn, Wikimedia; Duanebates, Wikimedia; Slworking2, Flickr.
|
<urn:uuid:4bd1f326-9d8b-4a00-b0f9-9e921b8e9682>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://keepslide.com/government/40820
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00557-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.905413
| 790
| 2.109375
| 2
|
With elegant, contemporary artwork and a faithful but succinct adaptation, this graphic novel casts a classic drama in a provocative new light.
Here is the tale of young Bassanio, who, to win the love of fair Portia, entangles his dearest friend, Antonio, in a dangerous bargain with the moneylender Shylock. Only Bassanio's heartfelt efforts and a clever intervention by Portia will save Antonio from paying Shylock "a pound of flesh." Moody and mesmerizing, this graphic novel adaptation of one of Shakespeare's more controversial plays boasts a chic modern cast, high drama, and all the dark, familiar beauty of Venice.
About the Author
Gareth Hinds is the creator of BEOWULF and other graphic novels based on classic works. Of THE MERCHANT OF VENICE, he says, "I find the fairy-tale symbolism and ethical dilemmas of this play compelling, and I wanted to use the graphic novel form to present them to a modern audience." He lives in Somerville, Massachusetts.
|
<urn:uuid:aca4cc00-3d05-43c5-b8b8-fbbda0a6956e>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.bookpassage.com/book/9780763630256
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00539-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.918902
| 215
| 1.867188
| 2
|
According to Wesleyan-Arminianism approach, God did chose the elect collectively, and not individually. James Arminius rightly argued that, “Esau and Jacob are to be considered, not in themselves, but as types, and be that which is attributed to them, is to be accommodated to the antitypes, or rather to the things signified” (Arminius 1853: 535-6).
Concurring with Arminius, Thomas R. Schreiner assembled scholars to validation the notion that Romans 9, if indeed refers to salvation, “describes the salvation of groups, not the salvation of individuals”(Schreiner 1993: 33). He concluded,
Thus William Klein says that “Paul’s concern is the elect people of God, a corporate entity.”27Leon Morris says, “It seems clear that Paul intends a reference to nations rather than individuals.”28 This interpretation is supported by showing that Paul is thinking of the nation of the Edomites in contrast to Israel (cf. Gen 25:13). Thus Cranfield says, “There is no doubt that the concern of Mal. 1.2-5 is with the nations of Israel and Edom, and it is natural to suppose that by ‘Jacob’ and ‘Esau’ Paul also understands not only the twin sons of Isaac but also the peoples descended from them. 29 (ibid)
The reason, admitted Schreiner, that scholars who press for the distinction corporate election rather than individual” is for “one to see that God does not elect some individuals to salvation and reject others.(ibid 33-34)
Roger Olson also quoted William Klein’s The New Chosen People conclusion that “the New Testament writers address salvific election in primarily, if not exclusively, corporate terms […] God has chosen the church as a body rather than the specific individuals who populate that body.”(129-130)
Brian J. Abasciano finds Schreiner’s “attempt to counter the primacy of corporate election in Romans 9 unpersuasive”(Abasciano 2006: 351-2). According to Abasciano, Schreiner fails to address how the corporate and individual aspects of election do relate to each other. He contended,
If corporate election is primary, then it is the group that is the focus of election, and individuals are elect only in connection with the group. If individual election is primary, then individuals are separately the focus of election, and the group is elect only as a collection of elect individuals. Thus, either the corporate focus of election determines the identity and benefits of the individual based on participation in the group, or the individual focus of election determines the identity and benefits of the group based on the individuals who have been grouped together according to their similar individual characteristics/status.(ibid 353)
Abasciano went on to show that “[f]or if election is primarily individual, then corporate election must equally imply individual election since the identity of the group is entirely determined by the identity of the individuals who make it up”.(ibid)
I am open for comments, critics and edification from my brothers and sisters holding Wesleyan-Arminianism tradition for my reformed bias might have clouded my judgement.
Wright’s New Perspective Approach
Thus going against Arminius’ exposition.
Abasciano, Brian J. (2006) “Corporate Election in Romans 9: A Reply to Thomas Schreiner”. Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society, 4.2 : 351-71
Arminius, J. (1853). The Works of Arminius, Volume 3 (J. Nichols & W. R. Bagnall, Trans.) Auburn; Buffalo: Derby, and Miller; Derby, Orton and Mulligan.
Olson, R. E. (2011). Against Calvinism. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan
Schreiner, Thomas R. (1993) “Does Romans 9 Teach Individual Election Unto Salvation? Some Exegetical And Theological Reflections.” Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society, 36.1: 25-40
|
<urn:uuid:0cba824c-4c5b-49c6-b8c5-d55a182815f5>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://withalliamgod.wordpress.com/2012/12/31/wesleyan-arminianism-approach-to-roman-914-25/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00344-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.916649
| 887
| 1.601563
| 2
|
The monitoring of fetal movement
is routinely done during the last trimester (and often earlier), and can be performed at-home manually by the mother herself.
Her blood pressure was 110/60 mmHg, urine tests were normal, and fetal movements
Interesting detailed research identifies facts such as "embryonic motility is not dependent on sensory input but is centrally generated" (p17); "adequate embryonic and fetal movements
are necessary for the proper development of the skeletal, muscular and neural systems" (p19); "the variability and complexity of general movements is an indicator for the integrity of the young nervous system" (p26); "the developing brain permanently interacts with a variety of sensory stimuli" (p91) viz: auditory, tactile, olfactory stimuli in utero, in addition to external stimuli.
Violent fetal movements
occurred 3 hours later, followed in 4 hours by the stillbirth of a term female infant.
A 30-year-old woman, 39 weeks pregnant, presented for a late third trimester US with a history of decreased fetal movements
According to Sureau (1996), the development of the obstetric stethoscope facilitated a greater understanding of the fetal heart rate, including the relationship between accelerations of the fetal heart rate and fetal movements
, as well as the lack of influence of maternal efforts such as those associated with ascending a staircase (i.
The Influence of Maternal Hypnosis on Fetal Movements
in Anxious Pregnant Women.
A baby in distress usually slows down or stops moving so fetal movements
can be an important early detector of trouble.
The mother presented with symptoms of decreased fetal movements
in the initial instance, whereas the second and third cases were discovered during routine prenatal examinations.
The mother can keep track of the number of fetal movements
within a specified time, usually ten episodes within eight hours.
We can monitor fetal movements
to see if the central nervous system is developing normally.
In pregnant women, the toxin can affect the fetus, producing bizarre fetal movements
and facial palsies in the newborn.
|
<urn:uuid:f4be2b28-2c8f-41fc-9bc4-9dd9f50a0ddd>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/fetal+movement
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00338-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.912012
| 431
| 2.90625
| 3
|
Street harassers have low self worth and No Integrity which spells trouble for decent women who are minding their business and would like to be left alone.
Have you not noticed that a core group black “Christian” males cannot reasonably integrate properly into society? When everyone is quiet, in line, waiting for an order or waiting to conduct a transaction at a place of business, black males just have to bother a woman minding their business. It is nearly almost always black males who do not abide by proper social etiquette and laws–especially when it comes to women. They literally cannot just stand, sit, wait, be quiet and polite–and as some black women have stated, black males like to “start sh#@.” Why is it second-nature to them that they lack discipline, respect and peace of mind so they try to rob others of it by disturbing their day? Why is it so easy for this core group of black male “Christians” to act in this unacceptable manner with no qualms or remorse?
At first blush, black male street harassers may appear to be overconfident with their belief that if they ‘drop lines’ that the ‘situation’ they are ‘checking out’ will provide a desired response. There is no need to delve into what kind of woman would actually have a positive response to a lowly negro buckdancing and basically begging for certain types of attention and response but it should be noted that most street harassers hate themselves, have bad character as well as low self-esteem. (though it still does not give them the right to violate a woman’s freedom of movement).
If you have noticed, most predatory black males find a sense of accomplishment even when a woman displays discomfort, irritation or fear of safety when street-sexually harassed. Why is that? They believe in and now embrace the mandingo stereotype promoted by white women during slavery and decades thereafter–which also contributed to them being lynched and castrated. Most street harassers are criminals, ex-convicts, a product of single motherhood, low wage and/or blue collar undereducated workers (which in the old days men still had respect for family values, which is not the case now for the most part). These days the socio-economic strata corresponds to their incessant need to prove themselves with an irritating over the top machismo that is usually rejected by any decent-minded woman. In other words, low-level black males with nothing to offer but disdain and irritation and a need for a mother with benefits are the primary street harassers in the United States.
No decent man with a healthy view of himself would attack, harm, verbally abuse a woman–especially a total stranger except for failure to receive a woman’s (who is an absolute stranger, very odd) external validation to compensate for his low self-esteem. They are irrational and dangerous (black brute) to believe someone who is a total stranger has some sort of obligation to put themselves in danger to appease the insatiable ‘apes in heat’ proclivities. Simply put these are nasty black males.
A woman is not obligated to you because you need to prove something to yourself or your ‘boys.’
The next time you witness a black male street harasser invade a woman’s space, cat call, try to ‘slip up next to a woman stranger, jump in a woman’s stranger’s face like an ape in heat, know that he has self-worth and self-image issues which results in self-hate. This is why most of the time they target professional, well to-do or self sufficient black women. It is a reminder of their failures and of all the things he cannot provide, decency definitely being one of them. So the licentious black male street harasser lashes out at the very black women he desires external validation from. Also, notice that the more people who are present, the more of an audience he has to embarrass the target woman. His low self-esteem relies on embarrassing a stranger–to debase someone to lift himself up. One has to note that black male street harassers are mentally deficient (that is why they ignore non verbal social cues of rejection as well), feel inadequate and are socially inappropriate. Simply put, these are nasty black males who in their own eyes aren’t worth anything, thus, any stranger must conclude the same. Among the ‘lines’ these vagrants will spew, which you can witness first-hand throughout various counties and metro areas in Maryland, are the following:
- Hey girl or hey girl lemme talk to you.”
- Pssshhhht, you ain’t all that
- Lemme holla at you for a sec.
- Hey beautiful, you have a nice day.
- …or “you have a nice day.” No woman needs some strange black “Christian” male jumping in their face, invading their space and forcefully attempt unwanted conversation when she was having a good day before you disrupted it.
- “Skew me”
- ” (it is excuse me but as mentioned before these are undereducated black males so English means nothing to them).
- “Come ov’r here for a minute.
- “Looking good.
- “Ma’am,” with a neckroll and menacing tone.
- “Good morning,” in a tone that is threatening or attempts to exert illegitimate authority over a black woman (you better respond to me or else).
- “Hi, hi ya doin’?”
Please also note that black “Christian” males actually do not believe in God, they are actually Satanists. Saying such may appear extreme but if we take a look at their conduct and justification, they are demonic. Most black males justify breaking the law and offending women by urging that ‘this is America, I can do whatever I want,’ or other nonsense. Just like any other country the United States has laws, rules regulations and even societal expectations. Beyond being offensive, their conduct is illegal–despite the lack of law enforcement. The teachings of Satanism is to do whatever you want and that everything right, do the opposite of. This doctrine is directly in sync with black males’ public conduct, so know when you are getting street harassed, it is not simply a black “Christian” male, but an evil force that is attempting to encompass you–this is why they find absolute joy and pride in intimidating and disrespecting Black women. Only something of a devilish nature has this type of reaction of causing harm, whether mental, social or physical, to a total stranger who has done nothing to them except to protect themselves and indicate that they are NOT interested. So keep your wits about you and know their reasoning that “it is a compliment” while you feel violated, a woman knows that a black male is trying to make something evil and disrespectful appear fair-seeming (see the oppposites?). Black males justify their obvious disdain, disrespect and attempt to play mind-#@!% when they street harass and their mischief-making brings to them a sadistic merry that they can only understand.
Thus, brutish, black male street harassers have low self-worth, are entitled narcissists who believe that strangers are obligated to satiate their deviant desires–to violate the rights of black women.
If reality does not catch up with them, the law surely will.
|
<urn:uuid:86a65e58-575f-482f-88c5-ee45c4ce8df0>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://blackmanleaveusalone.wordpress.com/tag/narcissism/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00668.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.959888
| 1,599
| 1.507813
| 2
|
voter registration deadline day in Texas and several states, today is also National Coming Out Day
It was founded in 1988 and is based on the principle of the personal being political. As much as people claim they don't want to be activists, your first and most powerful act of activism is coming out as a trans, bi, gay, or lesbian person.
Being yourself and comfortable in your skin matters. Once you can do that, then your life begins.
If you're not ready to do that today, don't worry. Take your time. Do so when you're comfortable with the coming out decision and have thought out the details for your life post coming out because it won't be the same afterwards.
Is coming out an easy process? Depends on the individual and their life circumstances at the time.
Yes it can be challenging and bumpy at times. I still have challenges from time to time even 22 years post my coming out April 4, 1994 date. But what you gain after doing so far outweighs the drama you'll have to navigate.
Welcome to the family! Happy National Coming Out Day!
|
<urn:uuid:8e4ef81d-e8df-43bb-99c9-799b4a88f46c>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://transgriot.blogspot.com/2016/10/2016-national-coming-out-day.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720737.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00220-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.967968
| 228
| 2.09375
| 2
|
<bold>Introduction</bold>. Physical activity and physical fitness are among the positive measures of health. Their assessment is justified from the point of view of prevention of many civilization diseases. The aim of this paper is to describe the physical activity of six year old children in Warsaw and to determine its relationship to physical fitness. <bold>Material and methods</bold>. The study was conducted in two series - in the spring of 2011 and 2012. Data were collected for 742 children from selected pre-school institutions in Warsaw. The average age of the children born in 2005 (2011 edition) and 2006 (2012 edition) was 5.84 ± 0.31 years. The numbers in both categories were equal, and amounted to 371 girls and boys. The choice of educational institutions was such, as to ensure that the sample was representative. In order to assess the children's physical activity, the method of diagnostic survey was used (questionnaire). The questionnaire addressed to the parents included questions about the participation of their children in pre-school, extracurricular and family forms of physical activity and the amount of time spent on passive leisure activities. To evaluate the physical fitness we used a test consisting of five motor trials (bend while sitting down, sit up from the lying position 30 s, long jump from stationary position, run 10x5 m, 1 kg medicine ball throw forward). Mathematical analysis of the material utilised selected methods of descriptive statis- 2 tics (including cluster analysis), standardization of data and the χ2 test. <bold>Results</bold>. In the both gender subgroups three clusters were formed, corresponding to the above-average, average, and reduced physical fitness. Parents of children with the highest level of motor skills often declared significant participation of their children in family and extracurricular forms of physical activity and less time spent in front of TV or computer. <bold>Conclusions</bold>. In the population of six year old children in Warsaw positive relationship were found between the claimed physical activity and physical fitness
The Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Department of Physical Education Theory and Correction, 34 Marymoncka Street, 00-968 Warszawa, tel.: +48 602 622 480, fax: +48 22 8651080
Bonikowska-Zgaiñska M. (2011). The role of physical activity in developing and retaining a person's mental and physical fitness. In R. Asienkiewicz (Ed.), Humanistic and social issues of physical education (pp. 9-19).Zielona Góra: Uniwersytet Zielonogórski.
Nowocieñ J. (2013). A study on physical education pedagogy. Studia i Monografie nr 142. Warszawa: AWF. [in Polish]
Starosta W. (2011). The importance of a minimum of physical activity of man to his health and quality of life. In J. Tatarczuk, R. Sienkiewicz, E. Skorupka (Eds.), Ontogeny and health promotion in the context of medicine, anthropology and physical education (pp. 253-264). Zielona Góra: Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. [in Polish]
Financed by the National Centre for Research and Development under grant No. SP/I/1/77065/10 by the strategic scientific research and experimental development program:
SYNAT - “Interdisciplinary System for Interactive Scientific and Scientific-Technical Information”.
|
<urn:uuid:7b644d70-01c5-4530-9c94-417305769b67>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://www.infona.pl/resource/bwmeta1.element.-psjd-doi-10_2478_pjst-2013-0006
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00014-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.90781
| 740
| 2.796875
| 3
|
Teens are undergoing facial plastic surgery at record rates and doctors are on high alert for adolescents suffering from a mental illness that causes them to loath their bodies, known as body dysmorphic disorder (BDD).
Body dysmorphic disorder is defined as a time-consuming and potentially disabling preoccupation with imagined or slight defects in one’s appearance. Sufferers become obsessed with their perceived physical flaw, thinking about it for at least an hour a day, wearing heavy makeup or long clothing to hide it and avoiding contact with others. BDD most commonly involves facial features but may also involve hands, feet, breasts and genitalia. It usually begins during adolescence, and can cause depression, social isolation, school or job problems and, in more severe cases, suicide attempts.
“This is a dangerous yet misunderstood illness and facial plastic surgeons are increasingly becoming the first line of defense, ” said Dr. Shan Baker, president of American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (AAFPRS).
Families sometimes mistakenly attribute the behavior to extreme self-consciousness associated with growing up. Diagnosing BDD can be challenging because sufferers often keep their symptoms secret due to embarrassment and shame.
More teens than ever are seeking facial plastic surgery, according to a recent survey of the membership of AAFPRS. In 2001, 6.9 percent of all procedures were sought by teens, compared to 4.4 percent in 2000 and 2.5 percent in 1999. Interestingly, the AAFPRS survey also showed that body dysmorphic disorder appears to have no gender bias. Six out of every 100 women who seek procedures suffer from BDD compared to 7 out of every 100 men
|
<urn:uuid:cf1a4d7a-9d06-43d3-b720-8af59175fafb>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.aafprs.org/media/press_release/080202.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00046-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.96263
| 348
| 2.84375
| 3
|
Cinema is action, action, action, but it must always be in the same direction – Raoul Walsh.
That maxim from the veteran director could be applied to many of the movies he made, and Saskatchewan (1954) genuinely lives up to it from beginning to end. In a lot of respects this is a routine film with no special message to sell. However, as with most of Walsh’s work, it remains enjoyable for it’s total lack of pretension and the pacy shooting style.
The plot concerns O’Rourke (Alan Ladd), a Mountie with close connections to the Cree due to his being adopted by them as an orphan. This affinity for the natives is made clear right from the start when O’Rourke and his Cree half-brother, Cajou (Jay Silverheels) are seen hunting together. Their sport is interrupted though when they stumble upon the site of an ambush by Sioux fleeing north after routing Custer’s 7th Cavalry at the Little Big Horn. There is only one survivor, an American woman called Grace (Shelley Winters), who escaped death by hiding herself at the onset of the attack. She proves reluctant to return to the fort at Saskatchewan with her rescuers, the reason being she’s wanted across the border in Montana for murder. With the threat of the Sioux forging an alliance with the Cree and fomenting trouble in Canada growing all the time, the Mounties are ordered to proceed south and link up their colleagues in an effort to drive the newcomers back to the US. That trek is beset with difficulties in the shape of constant Sioux harrying, a volatile and intolerant marshal bent on returning Grace to Montana, and a fresh off the boat commander with a firm grasp of regulations but woeful ignorance of the local conditions. As the possibility of the total annihilation of the command looms ever larger, O’Rourke has little choice but to stage a mutiny and try to get as many people as possible back to safety. All the while the Sioux and Cree are inching their way towards a pact that would surely guarantee war with the Canadians. There’s plenty of bad history in here, not least the fact that those Sioux who did run north had no intention of starting an uprising in Canada, but the sheer pace of the movie and the relentless action make it easy to ignore this and simply wallow in some of the stunning images on view.
Raoul Walsh had a real talent for making watchable and entertaining films from thin, and sometimes pretty trite, material. He was always at his best when filming on location and staging actions set pieces, and Saskatchewan offered ample opportunity for indulging in both. The Canadian scenery provided a breathtaking backdrop and the director’s sure touch meant that events rattle along, peppered with well staged battle scenes. I always find it odd that Alan Ladd’s greatest and most iconic role also signalled his decline. His post-Shane roles were a mixed bag ranging from mundane to reasonably interesting, with Saskatchewan falling somewhere in the middle. The part of O’Rourke doesn’t call for him to dig especially deep or stretch himself, despite the fact that the opening set-up suggests that there will be some inner conflict to deal with. The pull of conflicting loyalties is explicit enough in the script, but there’s never any real sense of the turmoil this must necessarily evoke in O’Rourke. Ladd’s performance is by no means bad, it’s just not particularly involving. The only female of note in the movie is Shelley Winters as the fugitive O’Rourke grows increasingly attached to. I’ve never been a fan of Winters – even when she got to play fairly independent characters such as Grace there was still that slightly whiny and self-pitying quality about her that turns me right off. As the marshal determined to extradite Winters back to the US, Hugh O’Brian makes a satisfying villain. He’s clearly burdened by some dark secret, and is suitably mean when shooting Indians in the back and slugging Winters. For me, the most enjoyable role in the movie was the one handed to J Carrol Naish. His buckskin-clad Frenchman has a good line in quick fire wit and it’s hard not to smile at his self-confessed ambition to start his own tribe, already producing six children in the first six years of marriage to a Cree squaw. Naish was one of those unsung character actors who turned up in countless movies and rarely disappointed.
There are DVD releases of Saskatchewan in Germany, France (although this is almost sure to have burnt-in subs) and Australia. I have the German edition from Koch Media and the transfer is a very pleasing one. The film is presented 1.33:1 and is generally clean with colours that really pop. There are no forced subs on the English track and extras consist of the trailer, a gallery and a booklet (in German of course). I’d describe the film as entertaining without being anything special. Both acting and direction are competent and professional and it’s a lovely movie to look at. This is a lower tier western that sets out primarily to offer pacy and colourful diversion – taken as such it delivers successfully.
|
<urn:uuid:22bb7b8a-9cbd-4d2e-86c7-b38906e968a9>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://livius1.wordpress.com/2011/12/13/saskatchewan/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00326-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.964563
| 1,106
| 1.828125
| 2
|
I have checked out a DVD from Glyndebourne of Leoš Janáček's Jenufa. This is a restoration to the original score of 1904, very much the preferred version now. It is an opera with two great roles for soprano, one Jenufa, a spinto soprano and the other her step mother, called the Kostelnicka , a true Wagnerian. The men are relatively unimportant.
The story is everywoman's story. Jenůfa has had a baby and been abandoned by her lover who wishes to marry the mayor's daughter. Mother sees her daughter's future and her own as one of shame and isolation, and kills the baby.
We are used to modern and don't hear Wagner, Puccini or Debussy in this original music. It is post-romantic and fresh all at once. The melodies and rhythms are quaint and attractive while still operatic.
This video is very beautiful. Video is more intimate than anything experienced in the opera house.
Tip number 43 on how to write a hit opera: be sure someone has a mad scene. This works for Jenůfa quite as well as it does for Lucia or La Sonnambula. I am thinking "One flew over the Cuckoo's Nest" would make a fine opera--instead of a mad scene, we would have an entirely mad opera.
I digress. The mother holds a religious office and performs christenings [female sacristan, so called because she tended the village church--thank you internet]. The minister in the wedding scene is also a woman. Just as Laca and Jenůfa are married the dead baby is found.
Roberta Alexander is Jenůfa. Anja Silja is mother. The singing is wonderful. Anja Silja has here a harsh edge to her tone, but she is so wonderfully intense that the entire performance is fabulous, majestic and deeply emotional. Roberta Alexander rises to meet her. Philip Langridge is a beautiful Laca.
|
<urn:uuid:bbb90ef0-7a9d-4d40-86d0-a362fb9f582c>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
http://blog.onopera.com/2006/08/jenufa.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00477.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.966221
| 422
| 1.570313
| 2
|
Is WA's economy diversified enough to grow?
The mining boom has given the State an economic leg up, but as demand fluctuates, WA may need to do some navel gazing to see whether other industries are positioned to take up the slack.
The State's economy started flourishing about a decade ago, on the back of China's hunger for steel as the Asian powerhouse started shifting thousands of its people out of poverty.
With it came huge growth in the State's key mining hubs, enormous demand for construction services and workers, exponential pay packet rises, while highlighting major infrastructure bottlenecks.
Five of the nation's key business leaders agree, China's development has been the most defining event to influence WA's economic growth over the past 10 years.
And while the debate rages over whether the boom is officially over, the iron ore price has definitely cooled, putting a serious dent in the State's coffers.
The past decade of economic growth in WA and predictions of what's to come, were the key topics discussed by a panel of leading industry and political figures.
Premier Colin Barnett, the head of Shell in Australia Ann Pickard, Woodside boss Peter Coleman, media mogul Kerry Stokes and Wesfarmers chief Richard Goyder all agreed WA needs to diversify its economy.
WA's economy is often dubbed a one trick pony, with most of its wealth tied to the iron ore game.
With demand for the red ore slowing down in recent months, both industry and government have realised the smooth sailing times of free flowing investment are over.
The Premier Colin Barnett says despite this, he believes China can still provide many more opportunities for WA, outside of the resources sector.
"Western Australia will be drawn far further toward and into Asia and probably more distant from Canberra, Sydney and Melbourne," he said.
"That won't simply be across resources industry, it will be across government, sports, arts, recreation, travel, education and science."
Improving agricultural ties with Asia, developing more highly specialised education programs and better integration between training institutions and industry were all canvassed as key areas for future economic growth.
With the global population predicted to soar past nine billion by 2050, ensuring the growing number of mouths are fed is a huge concern - and opportunity.
While Mr Barnett wouldn't admit the government had taken its eye off the agricultural sector, he conceded more needs to be done to improve market ties with Asia.
"I think we have a huge opportunity in terms of agriculture, on the farm side of the gate, our farmers, research institutions and private industry are always improving that," he said.
"I think we fall down on the other side of the gate, both in terms of a lack of investment into agricultural processing, particularly for export and a lack of sophistication in developing the way we trade."
Media mogul Kerry Stokes says the Ord River expansion is a prime example of how WA is starting to play a greater role in feeding Asia's growing agricultural needs.
"Ord was open to all Australian companies and I don't know of any Australian company that would put $700 million into a capital base that expires in 49 years," he said.
"We know from experience it isn't easy to make money out of the Ord, but China has the capital, has the people willing to come and do it.
"I hope they are successful and I hope we do become the food bowl for Asia."
Mr Barnett says guaranteeing new markets for farmers is essential.
"We need to be commercial and through those commercial arrangements provide financial security to farmers, so when they plant a crop they've got a guaranteed market," he said.
"Greater co-operation between universities and training institutions is a good start."
It's no secret, the mining industry is becoming a highly sophisticated game and has long poached skilled workers from other sectors of the economy.
Demand for un-skilled workers is now falling, while the need for highly specialised professionals continues to greatly outstrip the amount of available workers.
When asked about developing WA as a world class education hub, Mr Barnett admitted more needs to be done.
"WA is a scientists playground, much of our interior and coastline isn't explored in a biological or botanical sense, we have a science-based industry in mining, farming and petroleum," he said.
"We need to see collaboration between universities here and universities in Asia, we do need to specialise and not be average across a whole range of areas, we do need excellence in a limited number of areas."
Shell's Ann Pickard agrees, saying industry is starting to recognise that WA is best placed to become a world class research hub.
"We're setting up a training institute with UWA so that WA will have the edge in floating LNG technology," she said.
"This is a wonderful place for education, that's why we're setting up departments to make sure education in WA is absolutely the best."
While Wesfarmers is not directly linked to the resources industry, CEO Richard Goyder says mining has had good and bad impacts on the agricultural and retail sectors.
"Consumers from a GDP perspective are much better placed than others across the nation, in terms of what money they have to purchase items from our stores," he said.
"But, we have had more difficulty holding onto process engineers, chemical engineers and that's not only because of the demand in oil and gas but also iron ore."
Mr Stokes says companies have taken their eye off the ball in terms of training, but are starting to pick up the slack.
"There's been a gradual decline in our training capacities, we've got to look at more interaction and major companies are offering less apprenticeship programs because they've got different issues to deal with," he said.
Western Australia's huge economic growth has also caused major infrastructure bottlenecks.
Rail, port, road and airport developments haven't kept up with the demand for their services.
Mr Goyder believes the State must take advantage of its strong economic base by preparing for future growth now.
"We should be thinking about the hard infrastructure, around roads, rails, ports, airports and those things that are soft around education and health," he said.
"We need to put strategies in place which can be implemented during election cycles, through companies doing different things, otherwise we'll always be playing catch up.
"At a federal level, I am all for an audit of government spending, a real assessment to where the taxes that are raised need to be spent."
Mr Stokes agrees, but says even though congestion at the Perth airport is a real problem, it's better than being empty.
"It's a real problem at the moment, but it was a bigger problem when no-one was using it, the fact that demand has outstripped supply again, it's just a pity we haven't got the infrastructure to support it," he said.
"It's better than having an empty airport like it was 20 years ago."
When asked what the Government's plan was to reduce congestion, the Premier replied: "Troy's (Buswell) on the job".
Jokes aside, transport and traffic congestion are sure to become election issues as the State's politicians head towards the polls in March.
|
<urn:uuid:5ffd2726-611b-4fc6-aa34-0baca3c3b77b>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-11-29/panel-discussion-on-wa-economic-future/4399670?section=wa
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00223-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.971404
| 1,499
| 1.78125
| 2
|
The gigabyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information. The prefix giga
means 10<sup>9</sup> in ... This definition is used in all contexts of science, engineering,
Jan 4, 2013 ... The quick-and-dirty way to determine how much storage you need for music is ...
or that you'll get 435 photos for every gigabyte on your phone.
Full listing of how many bits, nibbles, bytes, kilobyte (KB), megabyte (MB),
gigabyte (GB), etc. are in other computer ... You are here: Help > Computer
May 22, 2012 ... A gigabyte is a unit of digital storage—proportionally similar to, say, a gallon of
gas in your car, ... OK, but how much stuff fits in a single GB?
Aug 14, 2012 ... It's also easy to see that 1 terabyte is larger than 1 gigabyte and that is ... it's hard
to really appreciate how much data capacity we have. ... You can enjoy all of that
memory space within a compact metallic storage device now.
When referring to a megabyte for disk storage, the hard drive manufacturers use
the .... the 3G and 4G technologies relating to how many Gigabytes faster is 4G.
In non-roman alphabets, such as Kanji, the storage takes up 2 or 4 bytes per "
letter" which is still ... Math - You Try It; 2,000,000 bytes is about how many MB?
Sep 23, 2014 ... Storage and memory jargon can be confusing, and it's easy to confuse
megabytes with gigabytes. Here's everything you need to know.
Mar 20, 2015 ... A gigabyte (GB) is a unit of measure of computer data storage capacity that is
used by various types of storage media. ... "How many bytes for .
A one-gigabyte memory card holds between 13 and 715 pictures at one time,
depending up on how many megapixels each photograph contains. ...
compressed files than raw photographs that haven't been compressed for easier
|
<urn:uuid:72c31e30-0753-4c10-9216-fae95184589c>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.ask.com/web?q=How+Much+Storage+Is+a+Gigabyte%3F&oo=2603&o=0&l=dir&qsrc=3139&gc=1&qo=popularsearches
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00352-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.886646
| 442
| 2.96875
| 3
|
What Does It Mean To Believe In Jesus?
Jesus says, "For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life" (John 3:16). We have got to believe in Jesus in order to be saved. But what does it mean to believe in Jesus?
There is a popular false doctrine today that says you do not have to obey Jesus but only believe in Him to be saved. They say we are saved by "faith only". But the Bible says, "You believe there is one God. You do well. Even the demons believe and tremble" (James 2:19). If all one has to do to be saved is believe, then the demons also will be saved. Those who believe in "faith only" are no better than the demons who are going to be eternally lost. "But do you want to know, O foolish man, that faith without works is dead?" (James 2:20). According to the Bible the "faith only" belief is a dead and useless faith. We are to "be doers of the word, and not hearers only, deceiving yourselves" James 1:22). A person only deceives himself if he thinks he is saved by "faith only". You see then that a man is justified by works, and not by faith only" (James 2:24). "Faith only" is a doctrine of Satan which is going to cause many good people to be eternally lost. Satan has fooled many people into believing this false doctrine.
Only the faith that obeys is the faith that saves. Godís word says concerning Jesus, "He became the Author of eternal salvation to all who obey Him" (Hebrews 5:9). Christ has only promised to save those who obey Him. Jesus says, "Not everyone who says to Me, Lord, Lord, shall enter the kingdom of heaven, but he who does the will of my Father in heaven. Many will say to Me in that day, Lord, Lord, have we not prophesied in Your name, cast out demons in Your name, and done many wonders in Your name? And then I will declare to them, I never knew you; depart from Me, you who practice lawlessness" (Matthew 7:21-23). These people were believers in Jesus. They called Him their Lord, but they were eternally lost because they had not done the will of the Father in heaven. They had followed their "faith only" doctrine.
Jesus says, "He who does not love Me does not keep My words" (John 14:24). If one does not believe and do everything that Jesus says, then he does not love Him. To this person Jesus asks, "But why do you call Me Lord, Lord, and do not the things which I say?" (Luke 6:46).
To believe in Jesus is to trust, and do everything Jesus and His inspired word says and for the reason He says. To believe in Jesus is to believe Him when He says, "He that believes and is baptized shall be saved" (Mark 16:16). One needs help to misunderstand this. Many people, who claim to believe in Jesus, defiantly say that being baptized has nothing to do with being saved. They have more faith in their denominational preacher who tells them that baptism is not necessary in being saved, than in Jesus who says that one must "believe and be baptized" to be saved.
Doing what Jesus says proves that we really believe in Him. Jesus says, "If you love Me, keep My commandments" (John 14:15). There are many people who claim to believe in Jesus, who do not love Him. Godís word says, "He who says, I know Him, and does not keep His commandments, is a liar, and the truth is not in him" (1 John 2:4). A person may claim to believe in Jesus but if he doesnít keep all of His commandments, then he is a liar and is only deceiving himself. To believe in Jesus is to do everything He says, when He says, the way He says, for the reason He says, and only what He says.
|
<urn:uuid:8ebfa4df-5628-4c0a-b2f5-e679159e0187>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.netbiblestudy.net/bulletin/new_page_97.htm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00048-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.975686
| 873
| 1.921875
| 2
|
Survival Guide for Unarmed Black Teenage Males in Florida.
The Survival Guide
Are you an African American male between the ages of 15 and 22? Do you live in Florida? If you answered yes to both of these questions then you need to be aware that you frighten overweight, balding, meddlesome non black middle aged men. As such, in the State of Florida, they have the right to shoot you. Juries have now proven twice that shooting and killing you is socially acceptable in Florida and therefore you need to be aware of where you went wrong. After all, apparently, it is your own fault that you got shot and killed. You are a young black male after all.
Scaring Non Black Men is Unacceptable.
The Florida Stand Your Ground Law states, “A person who is not engaged in an unlawful activity and who is attacked in any other place where he or she has a right to be has no duty to retreat and has the right to stand his or her ground and meet force with force, including deadly force if he or she reasonably believes it is necessary to do so to prevent death or great bodily harm to himself or herself or another or to prevent the commission of a forcible felony.”
They Can Stand Their Ground, But You Cannot
In Florida, meeting force with force apparently means meeting an unarmed teenage black male with a gun. It does not matter if you are simply walking home eating skittles or listening to music outside a convenience store. If you are approached by a non black male who starts to yell at you or even threaten you, you are supposed to back away. You are supposed to say, “yes sir” and in no way are you to defend yourself or your honor.
You are not to stand your ground. The law is not written for you. The law is written for them. How do we know? Because if you do stand your ground, respectfully voice your opposition to their statements, make a sudden movement, or sneeze, then you are “attacking them.” And they can shoot and kill you. Apparently.
Fairness Does Not Matter
Many argue that application of this law is simply unfair. They cite the example where an African American woman fired a warning shot and hit nobody and received a 20 year sentence for attempted murder. Fairness does not matter. Constitutional Rights do not matter. And your lives don’t matter. All that matters, apparently, is that non-white middle aged men can say whatever they want without consequence. They can treat anyone they way they want without consequence. And if someone questions their right to do so, they can shoot and kill you without consequence.
You Don't Understand
What most people who are "outraged" that juries weren't outraged that young black males were killed for apparently being young black males don't understand is that it is hard being an overweight middle aged non-black male. In the good old days they belonged to "clubs" that would deal with their "problem" in a timely and efficient manner. They even wore fancy white robes to identify themselves. It made it easy to tell the good guys from the bad.
But then things changed. People had the audacity to insist that things be done within the judicial process. People insisted that these good Americans could no longer take the law into their own hands. So they had to turn in the sheets, I mean robes, and do things through the legal process. And what did they get? They got stand your ground laws.
And now they don't have to be scared anymore. Isn't that great? Well, they feel better and that is all that really matters. After all, if you can't carry around a concealed weapon and kill the kid who you picked a fight with, a fight you were losing, what good is life? Everyone needs to make middle aged men happy. It is just that simple.
Know The Rules
So, if you are an unarmed African American teenage male in Florida, know your place. You make middle aged non white guys nervous. And they are carrying guns. You should know better to have pride. You should know better than to be in THEIR neighborhood, even if you live there too. You need to push your pride and dignity aside because your existence makes them uncomfortable. You need to push your rights aside because they have the right, apparently, to not have you around. You do not have the right to eat skittles, walk home, or be in a convenience store parking lot if they don’t like it. And if you are around, and they don’t like it, they can shoot you. And apparently, in Florida, the only way they will actually go to jail is if you live.
Be aware, apparently these rules apply in Missouri as well, at least in Ferguson. And apparently is applies in New York City, if you are talking to a cop.
More by this Author
Come learn about strange coincidences in American Presidential History
The small Mississippi town of Philadelphia has a notorious and sordid past. Fifty years ago the town of only seven thousand was in the middle of the fight for civil rights and stood for the South’s continued...
Ask any grade school student in New York or Chicago what City is the capital of California; most would likely say Los Angeles or San Francisco. As amazing as it may seem, however, the Capitol of California is the City...
|
<urn:uuid:691f83c4-6ca2-4b9a-a162-eb8a6d2d5361>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://hubpages.com/politics/Survival-Guide-for-Unarmed-Black-Teenage-Males-in-Florida
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00037-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.969445
| 1,119
| 1.710938
| 2
|
I was hoping not to have occasion to write another column about tragedy so soon, but the terrible events at the Boston Marathon on Monday compel me to focus on the amount of information we provide to residents about distressing outside events.
As we learned during Sandy, it's essential to know where residents will be evacuated and to have protocols to account for everyone's safety. Connect with facilities in your community about where they are evacuating, so you can ensure there is adequate room.
Just as Hurricane Katrina prompted discussion about emergency preparedness in 2005, Superstorm Sandy has re-ignited talks in the senior living communities about their ability to respond to disasters. When storm surges hit New York City last October, about 6,000 people were evacuated from various healthcare facilities, including nursing homes and adult day facilities.
Although Hurricane Sandy-related news coverage has been plentiful, no one has focused on the crucial role the supply chain played in ensuring that healthcare providers could continue to serve patients and residents.
A big part of a disaster management plan is asking how your facility will communicate with families, residents and staff.
Hurricane evacuations greatly increase risk of death for nursing home dementia patients, study showsNovember 16, 2012
Nursing home residents with severe dementia suffered a staggering increase in their mortality rate after evacuations from their facilities ahead of a natural disaster, according to a new study.
Students returned to classes Wednesday at a New York City high school where more than 200 nursing home evacuees still reside.
Paul DiViesti's search to find his grandmother after Hurricane Sandy has a happy ending.
In the wake of Hurricane Sandy, American Dryer Corporation is working with its local equipment dealers to help businesses get their washers and dryers functioning as quickly as possible.
I'll let you in on a secret: Most of the time, the long-term care business press is, if not always on your side, at least sympathetic to your plight.
The residents of four New York City-area adult health care facilities, who were not evacuated for Hurricane Sandy, were forced to move Tuesday before a new storm hit the area Wednesday. State and city health officials said three nursing homes and an adult care center in the Rockaways coastal section were being emptied of staff members and more than 600 residents before the nor'easter hit.
In the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy, long-term care facilities may be wondering how to help their own residents, families, and staff members or those directly affected by this devastating storm.
The typical long-term care resident requires eight or more medications daily. So with Hurricane Sandy ripping through the pharmaceutical corridor last week, many operators were rightfully concerned about possible medication shortages. The good news is that most drug firms appear to be getting back on their feet quickly
In the wake of Hurricane Sandy, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has issued blanket waivers that include skilled nursing providers. That means long-term care facilities in New York and New Jersey hit by the storm are authorized to process certified bed increases, and that certain data transmission requirements, such as those for the MDS, will be waived.
We humans tend to be creatures of habit. Most of us like to develop daily routines and stick with them. This approach has its benefits. It saves a lot of time that would otherwise be wasted sorting out mundane matters.
Several facilities on the East Coast have lost power and the use of back-up generators
As waves pounded the Eastern Seaboard on Monday due to Hurricane Sandy, long-term care facilities put their disaster response plans to work.
|
<urn:uuid:c3c983a4-ac23-4f72-9581-59cf6852f27e>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.mcknights.com/hurricane-sandy/topic/22133/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00064-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.966623
| 724
| 1.710938
| 2
|
Life is full of stress and it can be hard to achieve peace of mind. Many people don’t even remember the last time they felt at peace.
Life coaching helps people understand that peace and stress are in our mind and we can control them by changing what we think. Once we understand that we are what we think, we can change our life by choosing to think other things.
Here are 10 quotes that can be adopted as life philosophies. With these philosophies, we can manage tough times, we can be happy and relaxed, avoid stress, be successful and take control over our life, rather than feel that life is happening to us and we are at the mercy of our circumstances.
Happiness is a choice!
This is the motto that I chose to live by at the age of 16 and that turned my life around. Think about it. It seems heavy, but it is powerful. I control my feelings, I control my life and I control my destiny if I believe that happiness is mine and within my reach. I Highly recommend this philosophy.
This is not easy, especially in a society that encourages us believe that we are what others want us to be or that we should aim to fit in and please others. Being us is a guarantee that we’ll do what is good for us and not live in a fear of disappointing others. I have dedicated a whole book to this. You may want to read it for extra inspiration.
This too shall pass
This philosophy is a weapon against heartache and pain. When things are hard, remember they will not last forever. Sometimes time is the healer. Use it when needed. Read my post King Solomon’s Ring for more.
Live life with no guilt
Guilt takes you backward. You do the best you can at every point in time, so accept the outcomes and move on. Don’t hurt yourself with guilt. It is a pain that you cause yourself, so stop it NOW!
Most people think that worrying is insurance. It’s not! It only makes things you wish to avoid happen faster. When we are worried, we cannot think clearly. Learn how to stay away from worrying and enjoy life. Worrying only makes you good at worrying and brings more worries into your life. Don’t give it any room in your life.
Anger and resentment are poisons that clutter your mind and spirit. We need to forgive not for others but for ourselves. Most of all, we forgive ourselves for feeling that way about others in the first place.
Feel the fear and do it anyway
Fear is debilitating and if you think that successful people are not afraid, you are wrong. They are afraid, but they do things in spite of their fear. We should not avoid the fear, it is better to acknowledge it and not allow it paralyze you.
Value your time
Time is priceless. Ask every person who is dying and he will tell you its value.
Learn to manage your time well. Use it wisely. It will give you an advantage over all those who are wasting it on things that contribute nothing to their life.
Goals are a driving force. They allow us to move forward and make life happen to our advantage.
When you get up in the morning, have a goal! When you are going into a conversation with someone, have a goal. When you go to work, have a goal! Soon, you will find that life is happening more and more like you want it to.
Appreciation of life brings us more of the good things in life. Make sure you find something to be grateful for every day. Never take life for granted. Never take your health, your relationships, your feelings, your skills and your efforts for granted. Being in a state of gratitude brings us more to enjoy in life.
Above all, be happy!
|
<urn:uuid:de37cd49-334b-4b94-b23f-1dd5aa5c803a>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://www.ronitbaras.com/emotional-intelligence/personal-development/10-life-philosophies-for-peace-of-mind/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00505-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.963957
| 791
| 2.015625
| 2
|
Detecting Alzheimer’s disease before a patient shows symptoms may only be a few years away, thanks to work being done by Dr. Larry Sparks at the Banner Sun Health Research Institute.
A study by Sparks and other researchers at BSHRI suggests that plasma levels of tau, a protein formed in the brain, appears to be a biomarker and a strong predictor for Alzheimer’s disease.
“The only people that are going to benefit from this are the people that need it the most,” Sparks said.
The study is published in the June edition of American Journal of Neurodegenerative Disease, and Sparks said his study is the first time anyone has been able to measure tau. He has been waiting about three years for his work to be published and was told by other scientists in the community that they didn’t believe he had done it, since they had been working for years to do the same thing.
“I’ve been told that this could be a landmark paper,” Sparks said, adding he hopes it will make a difference for patients. “I think we hit something big here.”
Sparks and other researchers measured tau levels in human plasma and found “significant differences” between cognitively normal individuals and those with either mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s disease. Significantly, Sparks and his team found that the levels of tau were significantly lower in plasma measured in those with diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease compared to those with no sign of cognitive decline.
Sparks said in patients with cognitive impairments, the tau gets caught in the brain, reducing the amount in blood.
Sparks said there is a 15-20 percent decrease in tau in the blood for people with mild cognitive impairments, and all those people could go on to develop Alzheimer’s, with their tau levels decreasing further. The BSHRI team found the levels of tau in cognitively normal adults and seniors was nearly three times greater than those with some levels of cognitive impairment.
“It’s like a marker,” Sparks said, explaining as tau levels go down in the blood, it is most likely increasing in the brain. “It looks like there’s a clear correlation of a reduction of cognitive levels and levels of tau in the blood.”
BSHRI is doing an ongoing study to follow individuals and their tau levels, monitoring changes over time, he said.
In the future, Sparks said, doctors may be able to use the study to tell patients they may be diagnosed with Alzheimer’s down the road.
“That’s the next step,” he said. “I think we found the smoking gun. We don’t know who pulled the trigger or how to stop it.”
Testing for Alzheimer’s with tau could be as routine as getting a cholesterol checkup, Sparks said, but that is several years down the road, and the real advancement could be that the test is as simple as taking blood, rather than performing a much more invasive spinal tap to test brain fluid for tau levels.
Doctors and researchers could also use the tau test to easily follow patients on medications to see if tau levels are affected, Sparks said.
“It could become a very viable and widespread marker,” he said.
|
<urn:uuid:09939a78-8cd4-4210-9934-2e21903ae729>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.yourwestvalley.com/suncity/article_6277fa6c-b4b3-11e1-a784-001a4bcf887a.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00339-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.974787
| 707
| 3.140625
| 3
|
Diseases Causing Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral palsy is a group of diseases of the central nervous system with a leading non-progressive lesion of the motor zones and motor pathways of the brain. Cerebral palsy occurs as a result of damage to the immature brain, which is in a state of maturation in the prenatal period or at an early age. The basis for establishing the diagnosis of cerebral palsy after six months of a child’s life is that movement disorders are etiopathogenetically associated with brain damage in the perinatal and early postnatal periods, and their development passed into the residual (stationary) period.
The causes of cerebral palsy. Among the causes of cerebral palsy, harmful effects on the brain in the prenatal period predominate, up to 95%, in second place are antenatal (during childbirth) harmfulness, followed by postnatal (early postpartum) factors. Damage to the conditions cerebral of the child during childbirth due to asphyxia and intracranial hemorrhage is superimposed on the existing phenomena. Traumatic brain injury in the postnatal period can also worsen the condition of the child. Also, among the reasons for development, it should be noted:
- deep prematurity and hydrocephalus
- malformations of the brain
- traumatic or hypoxic-ischemic damage to the brain and spinal cord
- intrauterine infection of the fetus (toxoplasmosis, chlamydia, herpes virus, rubella, etc.)
- incompatibility of the Rh factor of the mother and the fetus “Rh-conflict”
- autoimmune process
- toxicosis of pregnancy
- infectious, endocrine
- chronic somatic diseases of the mother.
Symptoms of cerebral palsy may not be noticed until the baby is 1 to 3 years old, when peculiarities of the child’s growth become noticeable. Neither doctors nor parents can pay attention to the child’s motor sphere disorders until these disorders become evident. Children may retain reflex movements of newborns without age-appropriate development of movement skills. And sometimes, the first to pay attention to the child’s underdevelopment are nannies. If cerebral palsy is severe, then the symptoms of this disease are already found in the newborn. But the appearance of symptoms depends on the type of cerebral palsy.
The most common symptoms of severe cerebral palsy are:
- Swallowing and sucking problems
- Faint cry
- Unusual child poses. The body can be very relaxed or have very strong hyperextension with arms and legs. These positions are significantly different from those that occur with colic in newborns.
Some problems become more apparent over time or develop as the child grows. They can include:
- Muscle hypotrophy in injured arms or legs. Nervous system problems interfere with movement in injured arms and legs, and muscle stiffness affects muscle growth.
- Pathological sensations and perception. Some patients with cerebral palsy are very sensitive to pain. Even ordinary daily activities such as brushing your teeth can be painful. Pathological sensations can also affect the ability to identify objects by touch.
- Skin irritation. Drooling, which is often common, can irritate the skin around the mouth, chin, and chest.
- Dental problems. Children who have difficulty brushing their teeth are at risk of gum disease and tooth decay. Drugs used to prevent seizures can also contribute to the development of gum disease.
- Accidents. Falls, seizures, and other accidents are risks.
- Infections and somatic diseases. Adults with this disease are at a high risk of heart and lung diseases. For example, in severe cerebral palsy, there are problems with swallowing, and when choking, part of the food enters the trachea, which contributes to lung disease.
All patients with cerebral palsy have certain problems with body movement and posture. Still, many babies show no signs at birth. Sometimes, only the nannies or caregivers are the first to pay attention to the deviation in the child’s movements that contradict the age criteria. The signs of this disease may become more apparent as the child grows. Some developmental disorders may not show up until the end of the baby’s first year. The brain injury that causes of this disease does not appear for a long time, but the consequences can appear, change, or become more severe as the child grows older.
Certain effects of cerebral palsy depend on its type and severity, the level of mental development, and the presence of other complications and diseases.
Cerebral palsy Treatment
Cerebral palsy is an incurable disease. Conditions cerebral trauma or other factors leading to cerebral palsy do not progress, but new symptoms may appear or progress as the child grows and develops. But a variety of treatments help patients minimize movement and other impairments and thus improve their quality of life.
Initial treatment. Exercise therapy is an essential part of treatment that begins shortly after a child is diagnosed and often continues throughout their life. This type of treatment may also be prescribed before diagnosis, depending on the child’s symptoms.
Medication can help treat some of the symptoms and prevent complications. For example, antispasmodics and muscle relaxants help relax tight muscles and increase range of motion. Anticholinergics help improve limb movement or reduce drooling. Other medications can be used as symptomatic treatment (e.g., using anticonvulsants if seizures are present)
Permanent cerebral palsy treatment focuses on continuing and adjusting existing treatments and adding new treatments as needed. Permanent treatment may include:
- Exercise therapy can help a child become as mobile as possible. It can also help prevent the need for surgery. If the child underwent surgical treatment, intensive exercise therapy may be necessary for six or more months. Medication should be monitored constantly to avoid possible side effects of medications.
- Orthopedic surgery (for muscles, tendons, and joints) or dorsal rhizotomy (excision of the nerves of injured limbs) if there are significant problems with bones and muscles, ligaments, and tendons.
- Special orthopedic devices (braces, splints, orthoses).
- Behavioral therapy, in which a psychologist helps a child find ways to communicate with peers, is also part of the treatment.
- Massage, manual therapy can also be used to treat both basic symptoms and complications associated with impaired biomechanics of movement.
- Social adaptation. Modern technologies (computers) have made it possible to employ many patients with the consequences of cerebral palsy.
What treatment methods are currently being used? There are many different directions in the treatment of cerebral palsy. They can be roughly divided into several groups:
- various types of massage and physiotherapy exercises:
- Bobath techniques
- Blum’s imperative corrective gymnastics
- massage with inflatable Polish objects
- hippotherapy and other techniques.
- surgical methods of treatment, clipping of tendons, stage-by-stage plastering
- administration of botulinum toxin and stem cell preparations
- chipping with various pharmacological preparations
- use of orthopedic devices
- various physiotherapeutic procedures: barotherapy, cryotherapy, kinesiotherapy, electrical muscle stimulation, manual therapy, acupuncture, oxygen therapy, etc.
- speech therapy and psychological correction, music therapy, color therapy, educational impact, occupational therapy.
How effective are these techniques? Undoubtedly, all practically existing methods make a certain contribution to the treatment of cerebral palsy, but it must be borne in mind that all of them are not radical but symptomatic. Most of the available therapeutic methods affect one or more symptoms (decreased muscle tone, correction of pathological attitudes of the limbs, correction of pseudobulbar disorders) without affecting the cause of the disease. Thus, they are not pathogenic, and this leads to their low clinical efficacy.
|
<urn:uuid:9a4a19ec-8182-4161-ae55-67d4abfdf3fb>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://lonestarneurology.net/blog/diseases-causing-cerebral-palsy/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00271.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.919819
| 1,688
| 3.265625
| 3
|
Robert Houdin was actually named Jean-Eugène Robert on his birth in Blois, France, on 6 December 1805 His father, Prosper Robert, ran a business as a watchmaker in Blois. Tragically, Jean-Eugene’s mother, the former Marie-Catherine Guillon, died when he was a very young child. When Jean-Eugène reached the age of eleven, he was sent by his father, Prosper to school to the University of Orléans. He graduated at the age of 18, and returned to Blois.
Although his father wanted him to be a lawyer, he was determined to follow into his father’s footsteps as a watchmaker. Instead of studying law, he tinkered with mechanical gadgets. His employer sent him back to his father. He was told that he was better suited as a watchmaker than a lawyer, but by then, Jean’s father had already retired, so he became an apprentice to his cousin who had a watch-shop. For a short time, Jean-Eugène worked as a watchmaker doing conjuring on the side but later, he would go on to perform at social parties as a professional magician in Europe and the United States. It was at one such party that he met the daughter of a Parisian watchmaker, Monsieur Jacques François Houdin, who had also come from Jean-Eugène Robert’s native Blois. The daughter’s name was Josèphe Cecile Houdin, and it was love at first sight. On July 8, 1830, they were married. He hyphenated his own name to hers and became Robert-Houdin.
He moved to Paris and worked in his father-in-law’s wholesale shop where he was able to tinker with mechanical toys and automatic figures. This would lead to his later fascination with automata.
Along with working in the shop, Jean-Eugène was still practicing magic and after a chance visit to a magic shop on the Rue Richelieu which was owned by a Père (Papa) Roujol, he met fellow magicians, both amateur and professional, and was able to chat about conjuring as well as indulge his fascination with mechanical creations. Soon he was building his own mechanical figures, like a singing bird, a dancer on a tightrope, and an automaton doing the cups and balls magic routine.
Sadly, in 1843, Josèphe died aged thirty-two, and having three young children to take care of, he remarried in August this time to François Marguerite Olympe Braconnier, a woman ten years younger, who soon took over the household.
Of course the fact that he now lived in the French capital gave Houdin much more an opportunity to indulge his love of magic. Robert-Houdin loved to visit and study the big magic shows that came to Paris and he dreamed about some day opening his own theatre.
In 1844, PT Barnum the famous American circus impresario purchased a small android that Robert-Houdin had built for the universal exposition. Robert-Houdin was paid 7000 francs and this financial injection gave him the opportunity to finish the creations he was building for a magic theatre which he was soon to open in Paris.
He had a few failures initially in his ambitious magic shows but soon perfected his craft. The sight of Jean Eugène Robert-Houdin in his elegant evening attire set him apart from other magicians in their long robes and this has led many to see Houdin as the first ‘modern’ magician.
In 1870, Robert-Houdin heard news that his son had been mortally wounded at the Battle of Worth during the Franco-Prussian War. Later, Robert-Houdin was to find out that his son had died of his wounds. With the stress from that and the war, his health deteriorated, and he contracted pneumonia. On June 13, 1871, he died of his illness, aged 65.
His home in Blois is today open to the public as the publicly owned La Maison de la Magie Robert-Houdin. It is a museum and theatre opened by his grandson Paul Robert-Houdin in 1966.
|
<urn:uuid:646e22d9-0076-450c-b2c8-53b863a3d77d>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.card-trick.com/greatest-card-magicians/jean-eugene-robert-houdin/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.992677
| 899
| 2.109375
| 2
|
Learn about the fascinating 900-year history of one of Europe's largest royal monasteries.
Visit the Reading Abbey Quarter and learn about its fascinating 900 years of history.
The Abbey Quarter covers the former precinct of one of Europe's largest royal monasteries. We recommend starting your visit by discovering the history of Reading's royal abbey and the Norman conquest at Reading Museum. Then explore the layers of history with a stroll around the Quarter.
Reading is on the Great West Way touring route, so is an ideal base to explore all of its amazing attractions a whether you’re travelling by bus, bike, car or train.
|
<urn:uuid:9c0d78ef-9d1c-4f0b-8fb4-e0c5786347fb>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://whatsonreading.com/reading-abbey-quarter
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00677.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.909838
| 133
| 1.90625
| 2
|
More men say they are sexually harassed at work
By Stephanie Armour, USA TODAY
Men are increasingly claiming they're victims of sexual harassment, an issue that's gaining more attention in light of New Jersey Gov. James McGreevey's resignation amid claims of sexual harassment by a male former aide.
Sexual harassment claims filed by men with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) has grown from 9% of all charges in fiscal 1992 to 15% in 2003. Many of those claims involve male-on-male harassment; harassment of men by women is rarer, according to legal experts.
"There are more people complaining about it because there's more attention to it," says Caroline Wheeler, assistant general counsel with the EEOC. "It's often the men who are not gay who pick on someone. They pick on men who seem effeminate or not aggressive enough."
In recent years, major employers have faced lawsuits alleging same-sex harassment by men, with some settlements topping $1 million.
Among the EEOC cases:
• Last year, Babies R Us agreed to pay $205,000 to settle a lawsuit brought by a male employee in New Jersey who said he was mocked and made the target of derogatory comments by other men.
• Long Prairie Packing in Long Prairie, Minn., paid $1.9 million in 1999 to settle a class-action lawsuit by male meatpacking employees who said they were subjected to harassment and retaliation.
• Burt Chevrolet and LGC Management, an auto chain in Colorado, paid $500,000 in 2000 to settle a claim by 10 former salesmen who said they were harassed by male managers. The salesmen said their genitals were grabbed, they were subjected to crude sex jokes and a manager exposed himself.
The issue has garnered more attention since the Supreme Court ruled in 1998 that same-sex harassment by men may violate federal civil rights law prohibiting sex discrimination. Before that, courts had been divided about the legal standing of such claims.
Since that ruling, federal officials say they have filed more same-sex harassment lawsuits and seen more claims — more than 2,000 such EEOC claims a year, compared with fewer than 1,000 a year from fiscal 1990 to 1992.
The increase is attributed to the court ruling, a greater awareness by men of their workplace rights and the possibility that same-sex harassment is more prevalent.
"The macho society we live in has put a stigma on sexual harassment of men," says Alan Kopit, legal editor of Web site lawyers.com. "It doesn't have to be male to female." Seventeen percent of men said they had experienced sexual harassment, vs. 35% of women, in an August study by lawyers.com and Glamour magazine.
|
<urn:uuid:702f79c9-171e-4c24-be94-dc9c898adb87>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/workplace/2004-09-17-harass_x.htm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00476-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.980073
| 563
| 1.953125
| 2
|
This article was originally published in French on 17 May, 2016. Translated by Susanna Gendall.
It seems that there is no limit to the industrial exploitation of the world’s resources. Even areas of the world that have so far been spared – either due to their remoteness or because they have been protected in recognition of their outstanding cultural or ecological value – are now in danger. It appears that these protective measures are no longer enough. According to the environmental organisation WWF, half of World Heritage sites are jeopardized by industrial development, especially activities that include oil and gas exploration and mining.
Unesco’s 229 World Heritage sites represent only five percent of the Earth’s surface, yet their symbolic importance is immense. One has only to call to mind the Great Barrier Reef, the Grand Canyon or the Galapagos Islands. They are home to some of the most endangered animals in the world including mountain gorillas and Sumatran tigers. And yet, despite what one might think, industrial activities are permitted in these areas with varying restrictions depending on the legislation in force. According to the WWF, about a third of World Heritages sites are threatened by extractives. This figure is even higher in Africa where 61% of designated sites are subject to mining or oil concessions. Many of these sites are on the official “World Heritage in Danger’” list compiled by Unesco each year.
Natural heritage in danger
Equally disturbing is the fact that the number of protected areas in the world is decreasing, or being downgraded or delisted. According to a recent study, no less than half a million square kilometres across fifty-seven countries have been lost, sacrificed to industrial development. The threats hanging over these invaluable natural sites illustrate the degree to which we are incapable of breaking out of our destructive, rapacious development model. Damage caused by local communities (poaching, deforestation, etc.) is another factor jeopardising some sites, but there is still hope that these communities will return to economic activities that are compatible with conserving their natural environment. However, mineral and hydrocarbon concessions – as well as deforestation, large-scale infrastructure projects and intensive agriculture and fish farming – are fundamentally incompatible with the status of World Heritage. Some sites face being wiped off the map altogether.
And this is not just speculation: in 2007, the Arabian Oryx Sanctuary in Oman was removed from the World Heritage List due to increased oil exploration concessions in the area. This was the very first time that a World Heritage site was delisted. Shell, the main partner of the Omani government (Total being a minority shareholder with 4% of shares), had agreed not to drill in World Heritage sites – but the country’s authorities found an easy way around that obstacle and just reduced the size of the protected area by 90%! Needless to say, the site now only has a handful of Oryx left, a bovid similar to antelope.
The role of French corporations
A number of transnational corporations have solemnly undertaken not to conduct their operations in World Heritage sites. However, as commendable as these commitments may be, they are not always as heartfelt as they seem. The French corporation Total, for example, promised not to drill in the Virunga National Park in the Democratic Republic of Congo, but did allow itself to drill in the vicinity of the protected area and in the Murchison Falls National Park in Uganda (see below). And the indirect effects of activities in the surrounding area are almost as harmful as those that take place on the actual World Heritage site itself.
The non-exhaustive list below is intended to illustrate the severity of the threats hanging over these invaluable natural sites (some of which don’t feature on the World Heritage list) – as well as over those that live in these areas. It also highlights the role played by French transnational corporations. Oil and mining companies are the main culprits as these are the corporations that operate directly in the areas concerned. Other sectors such as the agri-business industry and large retailers also play a negative if indirect role on large protected areas due to the nature of their supply chains. World Heritage sites such as the Sumatran forests and the Banc d’Arguin National Park are as threatened by palm oil plantations and industrial fish farming as they are by extractive industries.
1. The Great Barrier Reef (Total and French banks)
Stretching hundreds of kilometres off the west coast of Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef in the world, and has been designated a World Heritage site since 1981. Its crystal clear waters are home to hundreds of species of fish, shellfish, turtles and dugongs. Already suffering the impacts of climate change, the Great Barrier Reef is now also threatened by expansions in the coal and gas industry. The protected area is directly affected by the construction of huge export terminals, ship traffic and the resulting risk of accidents and spills. And the risks will be even greater if the Galilee Basin mega-mines and the Abbot Point export terminal go ahead. Unesco had intended to include the Great Barrier Reef on the list of World Heritage sites in danger, but decided against it following diplomatic pressure from the Australian government.
Under pressure from civil society, a number of financial institutions including the French banks BNP Paribas, La Société générale and Crédit agricole – have agreed not to fund the Abbot Point coal terminal. French banks are, however, involved in similar projects near the protected area, such as the big Gladstone LNG export terminal on Curtis Island, in which Total is involved (see article by the Multinationals’ Observatory on this project). In 2011 and 2012, dumping of toxic waste from harbour developments in Gladstone Bay resulted in the deaths of a large number of sea animals – a disaster regarded by many as a harbinger of the threats to the future of Great Barrier Reef.
2. The Tapajós basin in the Amazon Rainforest (EDF and Engie)
The Tapajós River is a tributary of the Amazon. Its basin, which is has been relatively well-preserved up until now, is considered to be extremely rich in biodiversity. Its rivers host hundreds of different species of fish, manatees, caimans, turtles and giant otters, and its forests are home to thousands of jaguars, monkeys and birds. But after the mega-dams on the Xingu river in the East (Belo Monte dam) and the Madeira River in the west (Jirau and Santo Antonio dams), the Tapajós river is the latest target for massive hydroelectric developments. The indigenous people that live in this area, the Munduruku in particular, are pitted against these plans and have even stated that they are prepared to go to “war” against the Brazilian government in order to protect their land. Although these dams are touted as green, they would flood thousands of hectares of virgin forest, including those in national parks –– not to mention the indirect deforestation caused by building sites, roads and the influx of people. According to its objectors, the electricity generated by the dams will be used primarily to fuel the expansion of mines and smelting plants in the region.
Engie (formerly GDF Suez) has a long history of being involved in large dams in the Amazon, particularly with its Jirau project. EDF, France’s largely state-owned electricity company, recently acquired the consortium to build the Sinop dam in the upper basin of Tapajós. The two French companies participated in the extremely controversial “Tapajós study group” (Grupo de Estudos Tapajós, or GET), which is supposed to examine the feasibility of dams in the lower basin. It has been accused of confronting local communities with the army, essentially giving them no choice in the matter. The two companies are in line to build the biggest dam yet in the area – São Luiz do Tapajós (8000 megawatts), although the authorization process is poised to be an intense legal and political battle. Engie has not yet made a definitive decision. EDF declined to comment.
(Update: The license for the São Luiz do Tapajós dam was cancelled in August, 2016. It is not clear whether a new license will be sought. Other dams in the basin are still being built.)
3. National Parks in the African Great Lakes region (Total)
The African Great Lakes region has emerged as one of the new frontiers of the oil industry. In a region already suffering from endemic violence and the exploitation of “conflict minerals”, its eco-systems are now at risk of further degradation, and its local communities risk being deprived of their livelihoods.
The Virunga National Park, lying to the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo, between lakes Edward and Albert, is Africa’s oldest National Park. It has been designated a World Heritage site since 1979. It is home to somewhere between a third and a half of the remaining mountain gorillas, a species that is critically endangered. The British oil company Soco raised quite a stir several years ago with its plans to drill in the National Park, but has since temporarily given up its plans, bowing down to public pressure. Total also holds an oil concession that partially overlaps the National Park’s boundaries, but has pledged not to drill in the National Park. There is, however, the question of the indirect impact of oil operations in the immediate vicinity of Virunga, especially given that neighbouring Uganda has opened its part of Lake Edward to offshore exploration.
Total is also active in the north of Lake Albert, in Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda’s largest protected natural area. The Natural Park, which includes both equatorial forests and savannah ecosystems is home to the major site of Murchison Falls. Its vast wildlife include elephants, giraffes, lions, rhinos, buffaloes, leopards and hippos. It is located on either side of the White Nile, meaning that any accident or contamination could have consequences a long way downstream.
4. Baffin Island in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (ArcelorMittal)
Hit hard by global warming, the Arctic is also prey to the mining and oil industries, eager to get their hands on the resources previously hidden under ice (see our article on this issue). ArcelorMittal is behind one of the biggest mining projects in the area. The steel company has just opened an iron ore mega-mine north of Baffin Island in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. This the area where many of the most emblematic species of the Far North live – polar bears, arctic foxes, caribou, seals and walruses – but are suffering the consequences of climate change. In just a few years the number of caribou on Baffin Island dropped from 180,000 to 16,000.
Although ArcelorMittal’s mine may not be directly located in the protected area, transporting the ore by train or truck, and then by boat, will have an impact on important sites, especially the Sirmilik National Park, just to the north of the mine. These activities are also likely hamper the movement or scare away the traditional prey of the Inuit people – caribou, whales and narwhals. The main threat, given that climate change has already taken its toll on sea ice – critical habitat to polar bears and other species, is the use of heavy-tonnage icebreaker ships to export the ore. ArcelorMittal is currently seeking to increase both the number of months its ships can operate per year and its maximum authorized tonnage. The company declined to answer our questions.
5. The Peace-Athabasca Delta in Canada (Total)
The Peace-Athabasca in Wood Buffalo National Park in Canada, is one of the largest freshwater inland deltas in the world. Its ecosystems and unique biodiversity has made it a World Heritage site since 1983. Its buffalo are a particular feature, giving the park its name. The delta is now in a critical situation due to the gradual melting of glaciers, which flow into the Peace and Athabasca rivers. Another contributing factor are industrial developments upstream such as hydroelectric dams, fracking for shale gas and oil, and especially exploitation of Alberta oil sands. As the Canadian journalist Edward Struzik explains, the industry is extremely water intensive, and also generates a lot of pollution, affecting not only animals but also communities residing downstream. An accidental oil spill would not only destroy the delta, but its effects would ripple downstream as far as the Arctic Ocean.
Total is a major player in the oil sands industry in Canada with 50% interest in the Surmont project, as well its involvement in the Fort Hills venture, set to produce oil in 2017. Total’s other projects in the region have been postponed due to the drop in oil prices. In response to our questions, Total stated that its production sites meet Canadian environmental regulations and were a fair distance from Wood Buffalo National Park. This, however, doesn’t take away from the fact that their sites play a role in the cumulative impact of the oil sands industry on the national park.
6. Obo Natural Park on São Tomé Island and the tropical forests of Central Africa (Socfin / Bolloré)
Obo Natural Park covers about a third of São Tomé Island, located off the coast of Equatorial Africa. Its forests, among the richest in Africa in terms of biodiversity, are home to many of the world’s unique plant and animal species: birds, reptiles, amphibians, orchids and giant begonias. The Luxembourg-based company Socfin (38.7% owned by the Bolloré group) owns a palm oil plantation right on the park’s border, encroaching into its “buffer zone”, intended to enhance the park’s protection. According to Greenpeace, developments made by Socfin as part of its concession has forced many farmers, stripped of their land, to use land located in the natural park. Greenpeace has also denounced the fact that there has been no biodiversity or environmental impact assessment.
Other than the island of São Tomé, Socfin’s forest concessions in Equatorial Africa amount to some 325,000 hectares, of which only a small amount is currently being farmed (80,000 hectares of palm oil plantations et 50,000 of rubber tree plantations). According to Greenpeace, Socfin and the Bolloré Group, a major shareholder in the company, constitute a threat to the rainforest in the Congo basin, where several World Heritage sites are located. After more restrictive policies were adopted in Malaysia and Indonesia following pressure from ecologists and the public, this area is now being dubbed as the next frontier of palm oil. Greenpeace has mapped Socfin’s concessions in DRC, Cameroon, Liberia and São Tomé, and it would appear that these concessions all cover dense forest areas, which play an invaluable role as a carbon reservoir and biodiversity haven (elephants, gorillas, okapi, bonobos, to name just a few) as well as ensuring the livelihood of local communities.
Greenpeace has also pointed out the impact of Socfin’s plantations in Liberia “located at the heart of what remains of the ancient Upper Guinean forest, which stretched from Togo to the east of Sierra Leone, and which is considered to be ‘one of the highest global conservation priorities’ ”. Both Socifin and the Bolloré Group declined to answer our questions. They did, however, reply to Greenpeace (see their press release here), although they failed to address the specific issue of protected areas.
7. The Laguna del Tigre in Guatemala (Perenco)
The Laguna del Tigre, located in Northern Guatemala, is the largest wetland in Central America. It is located in a national park that forms part of the Maya Biosphere Reserve, a massive protected area that covers one-fifth of the country. The area is home to a number of species, some of which are endangered, as well as Mayan archaeological sites.
The Laguna del Tigre has been affected for decades by the direct and indirect effects of oil extraction, which the French company Perenco has had a monopoly over since 2001. Local communities have denounced the appalling health effects of their operations as well as the repressive measures carried out against them (read our article). After a massive lobbying effort, Perenco managed to get its concession renewed, despite the pollution and the fact that its drilling sites are located in a protected area. A legal and political battle is currently underway in Guatemala in an attempt to annul the authorisation. Incidentally, it has also emerged that the authorities “lost” the environmental impact assessment that the French company submitted in order have its concession renewed. In response to our questions, Perenco only referred us its web page, where we have been unable to find any specific information on the potential impacts of its operations on the protected sites.
8. The Wadden Sea (Engie)
The Wadden Sea extends 450 kilometres along the coast of the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark. Designated a World Heritage site since 2009, it features a network of sandbanks, salt marshes, channels and lagoons between the mainland and the sea (Wadden means “foreshore” in Dutch). It thus hosts fragile and complex ecosystems in an area that is heavily populated with humans. Several million birds fly to the area every year for the winter and it is also home to many seals and porpoises.
The Wadden Sea is subject not only to pollution swept in by major rivers that flow into the North Sea, but also to a number of offshore oil and gas operations off the coast of the Netherlands and, to a lesser extent, Germany. Engie is one of the most active companies in the area. The French energy company holds exploration and production licenses in the immediate vicinity of the World Heritage area, off the coast of the Schiermonnikoog and Vlieland islands. Engie also owns shares in a pipeline network that crosses the protected area.
9. The Kakadu National Park in Australia (Areva)
The Kakadu National Park, an area equivalent to half of Switzerland, is located in the far north of Australia. It is an area extremely rich in flora and fauna as well as home to a number of Aboriginal cultural and archaeological sites, including thousands of rock paintings. It is also the setting for a huge uranium mine run by Rio Tinto, a company which has already caused significant environmental damage.
The French group Areva was hoping to exploit a deposit in Koongarra, which would be just as lucrative but met with unexpected resistance from an Aboriginal leader Jeffrey Lee, the traditional owner of the land, who refused to sell it. After a lengthy political battle, the Australian authorities finally agreed to Lee’s request to entrust his land to the government so that it be incorporated into the National Park. In 2014 Areva threatened to take legal action against the Australian government in order to obtain financial compensation for the loss of its “investment” and profits (read the article by the Multinationals Observatory). It seems that the company has not yet put its threats into action. Kakadu’s future may be safe for now, but a rise in uranium prices could potentially turn the tables. Areva declined to answer our questions.
10. Halmahera in Indonesia’s Maluku Islands (Eramet)
In Indonesia, Halmahera is Maluku’s largest island, located at the heart of the area known as the "Coral Triangle", renowned for its marine and coastal biodiversity. Located on the ecological and cultural border between South East Asia and Oceania, Halmahera’s lagoons and forests are home to many unique species, including endangered birds and amphibians. The inhabitants of the island (both indigenous and migrants) have long suffered the environmental and social devastation caused by the mining industry. And the French company Eramet now wants to exploit an enormous nickel deposit on the island and build a processing plant. Its concession, which covers 55,000 hectares of land, includes areas of virgin forest that are supposed to be protected, and is located between two natural areas (there had once been plans for the site to be a national park).
Prompted by ecologists, Eramet has taken a more active role in regards to its social and environmental responsibility, making a number of commitments and promising to have a positive impact on biodiversity through compensatory measures . . . But this still leaves pollution risks as well as those associated with deforestation. And there is also controversy over the way in which local populations are being consulted and compensated. Hydrometallurgical processing, chosen by Eramet to minimize its direct environmental impact, involves the use of toxic chemicals that will end up in the marine environment, as happened in Southern New Caledonia when a chemical spill occurred in the nickel plant owned by the Brazilian group Vale.
The Weda Bay mining project – once considered by the French diplomacy to be the most strategic in Southeast Asia in terms of “national interests” is on hold until mid-2017 due to depressed nickel prices.
11. Gunung Kanthan Hill in Malaysia (Lafarge)
Gunung Kanthan is a limestone hill in the province of Perak, in Peninsular Malaysia. The French cement and aggregates giant Lafarge, which recently merged with the Holcim Group, domiciled in Switzerland, operates a quarry on a concession covering a total of 150 hectares. The region boasts some of the world’s most unique biodiversity and is home to a number of endangered animal and plant species, as well as certain remarkable sites such as the spectacular “cathedral cave”. Two years ago, scientists working in the area even went so far as to name a newly discovered tiny snail after the company that is threatening its extinction – Charopa lafargei – (read the article by the Multinationals Observatory).
Lafarge claims to have taken measures to safeguard the biodiversity of the site and, potentially, protect certain parts of the hill from mining altogether, but it is still highly likely that these areas will be at least indirectly affected. The limestone caves of Gunung Kanthan are also home to Hindu temples and Buddhists who will be forced to leave. In response to our questions, Lafarge reiterated its commitment to do everything necessary to protect the endangered species of Gunung Kanthan, and to “manage sensitive biodiversity”.
12. The Peruvian Amazon (Maurel & Prom and Perenco)
The Peruvian government has not been shy about opening its country’s doors to the oil industry. Nearly 80% of the country’s Amazon Rainforest – home to many indigenous communities, some of which are living in voluntary isolation – are already subject to concessions. Two French companies, Perenco and Maurel & Prom (read our articles here and there) are among those operating in the area. Perenco operates “Lot 67” right next to the famous Yasuni Park, located on the border of Peru and Ecuador, and is building an enormous pipeline that will pass through a protected area. Perenco also holds shares in “Lot 39”, bought from the Spanish company Repsol, which viewed the area to be too compromising from an ethical point of view! Maurel & Prom is present further south in “Lot 117”, an indigenous territory inhabited by tens of thousands of Indians. The company left the area in late 2015, but, unfortunately, did not solve the pollution problems. All these concession contracts partially encroach upon protected natural areas.
13. Mount Nimba in Guinea (ArcelorMittal and Areva)
Mount Nimba is located in eastern Guinea, close to the border of Côte d’Ivoire. Despite the fact that its vast ecological richness has made it a World Heritage site, the Guinean government decided to embark upon an exploration of underground iron-ore deposits, going so far as to claim that it had made a mistake in the documents sent to Unesco for the purpose of registering the area as a World Heritage site. Although the mining permit has been granted, the mine – which is set to be one of the biggest in the world – is not yet in operation after changing hands several times. The ArcelorMittal group (which owns another mine close to Liberia) planned to acquire it, but changed its mind in 2015. The concession contract is currently the property of the Euronimba consortium, in which Areva has a 13% stake .
14. Anticosti Island in Quebec (Maurel & Prom)
Anticosti Island, which is about size of Corsica, is located in the Saint Lawrence estuary in the Canadian province of Quebec. It is dotted with forests, waterfalls, caves and canyons, and only has a few hundred inhabitants. Anticosti’s main activities have primarily been forestry, tourism, hunting and fishing. The oil industry has recently set its sights on the island, aware that potentially billions of barrels of shale gas and oil lie beneath the land. Despite strong opposition from residents and the Innu, the first exploratory drilling is planned in 2016. The junior French oil company Maurel & Prom, holds stakes in the consortium that grants exploration rights and potential exploitation of these deposits. According to an impact assessment released by the Quebec authorities, exploiting deposits on Anticosti island – if they indeed exist – would require drilling thousands of wells on the island and extracting water from rivers that flow through the Anitcosti National Park. In response to our questions, all Maurel & Prom had to say was that it only holds a 21.7% stake in the consortium . . .
Photos: Steve Parish / Lock the Gate Alliance CC; Stephen Hass CC (Great Barrier Reef protests); Valdemir Cunha / Greenpeace (Tapajós); Bernard Dupont CC (African Great Lakes); Ansgar Walk CC (Baffin Island); Angsar Walk CC (delta Peace-Athabasca); Maria Cartas CC (Obo); eLKayPics / Lutz Koch CC (Wadden Sea); Alberto Otero García CC (Ranger uranium mine in Kakadu National Park); Muhammad Ector Prasetyo CC (Weda Bay on Halmahera island; Ong Poh Teck/Basteria (carrière de Gunung Kanthan en Malaisie); Archives CAAAP (Peruvian Amazon); Maarten van der Bent CC (Mount Nimba); mammouth48 CC (Anticosti Island).
|
<urn:uuid:8d761e8a-ec9e-426d-b116-24861efe505e>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://www.bastamag.net/Great-Barrier-Reef-and-the-Amazon-Rainforest-Among-Outstanding-Natural-Sites
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719079.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00034-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.959027
| 5,592
| 3.125
| 3
|
Seven years ago, Darrin Camilleri was a fresh college graduate and newly hired as a teacher with no textbooks, no curriculum, and a big job on top of his teaching duties: department chair. Now he’s a state representative hoping to be part of making “transformational change” in the education profession.
Camilleri (D-Trenton) and other Democratic House lawmakers on Wednesday unveiled a package of 18 bills that were introduced this week to improve the professional landscape and better recruit, respect and retain classroom educators in Michigan.
“There was a time when Michigan was the envy of the world in terms of education and teacher pay and benefits, but over the last few decades we know that has changed,” Camilleri said at a press conference announcing the bills. “If we want our best and brightest to become teachers and keep them in the classroom, we need to take decisive action now to respect and value the profession.”
Various proposals in the Respecting Educators Package would offset student loan debt, reduce the cost of health care benefits, amend the third grade reading law, remove student test scores from educator evaluations, and create a paraprofessional-to-teacher pathway, among other ideas.
“It’s our duty to make sure that every child has the opportunity and the resources they need to succeed, but it can’t happen without great teachers and great educators in our schools,” Camilleri said.
MEA member Anthony Barnes spoke at the press conference in support of the comprehensive bill package. “I have seen some amazing educators leave the field of education because they cannot support themselves or their families financially, they do not feel respected, and the burnout rate is super high.”
Barnes, a sixth-year special education teacher in Kalamazoo, noted historically high rates of educators leaving the profession – including a 40% spike amid the pandemic last fall and winter – coupled with dwindling enrollments in teacher preparation programs in colleges and universities across the state.
“I’m still in grad school right now, so my student loan debt is still growing,” Barnes said. “Let me tell you, it is stressful, and my pay doesn’t really help compensate me for that – even though I’m working every day to better myself so I can better our education system.”
Two bills in the package address the student loan problem. House bill 5099, sponsored by Camilleri, would create a student loan forgiveness program for eligible teachers that covers up to $300 per month in student loan payments as long as the recipient remains in the field. Another bill from Rep. Brenda Carter (D-Pontiac), HB 5100, would amend the tax code to make student loan payments tax free.
AFT-Michigan member Kathi Martin also spoke in support of the bills. The 18-year veteran speech and language pathologist from Dearborn and her special education teacher-husband together make $1,000 in student loan payments per month, she said.
That burden – combined with falling take-home pay and rising costs over the past decade – forced her to take on a second job, which cuts down on the time she has to prepare for students outside of work hours. She could make better pay outside of the education field, she noted.
The Respecting Educators Package addresses those issues from a few directions. HB 5106, sponsored by Rep. Mari Manoogian (D-Birmingham), would require school districts to pay a larger share of educator health care premiums by mandating a 90-10 hard cap until cost is 10% greater than cap.
Dubbed a “fair pay” proposal, HB 5109 – sponsored by Rep. Kelly Breen (D-Novi) – would create a three-tiered best practice bonus system ($20, $30, and $35 per pupil) based on whether teachers receive 95%, 100% or 110% of the average salary of like-educated individuals in their area.
HB 5102, sponsored by Rep. Abraham Aiyash (D-Hamtramck), would allow funds designated to specific schools from taxes to be allocated to reimburse state-certified teachers for out-of-pocket expenses. And its companion from Rep. Angela Witwer (D-Delta Township), HB 5103, would allow taxpayers an above-the-line deduction from adjusted gross income for contributions to the Local Teacher Supply Reimbursement Program Act.
Finally, along the lines of cutting educator expenses, HB 5110 – sponsored by Rep. Christine Morse (D-Texas Township) – would require the state to pay for teacher certification and recertification fees.
“We can’t rely on considering education their calling as the sole motivation to recruit teachers who are the heart of our education system,” Morse said at the press conference. “It’s not a sustainable model. We need to treat teaching like the skilled profession it is and not a passion project.”
In addition to financial strain, Dearborn’s Martin pointed out, educators are experiencing the loss of joy and creativity – replaced by the pressures of standardized testing and ill-conceived mandates such as the third grade reading law, which requires testing throughout the year and retention of youngsters based on one test score.
“Removing fun from learning and replacing it with useless tests is harming our students and killing morale amongst teachers, which is trickling down to the younger generations,” she said. “We are finally seeing the impact of the attack on public education that has been taking place for the past 15 or so years.
“When a profession is belittled, scapegoated, and villainized the way educators have been, can you blame people for leaving or not even entering teacher education programs in the first place?”
Four bills in the package address third grade reading and assessments. HB 4574, sponsored by former educator and MEA member Rep. Nate Shannon (D- Sterling Heights), would allow teachers to use discretion when deciding whether to retain a student not reading at grade level by third grade.
House Bill 5101, sponsored by Rep. Cara Clemente (D-Lincoln Park), would amend requirements for early literacy screening to allow for teachers’ professional judgment.
While teachers do not receive enough credit for all they do, paraprofessionals get even less, said former teacher and MEA member Rep. Matt Koleszar (D-Plymouth), touting his bill to create a tuition-free pathway for paras to earn their teacher certification.
“Our parapros are the ones who work with each student individually to ensure they can succeed,” Koleszar said in announcing the package on Facebook. “My bill, HB 4369, creates a pipeline for parapros to earn their full teaching certification, resulting in more passionate, qualified educators inside our classrooms.”
Another proposal to build a pipeline of future teacher candidates was introduced at the press conference by Rep. Sarah Anthony (D-Lansing), who noted that she brought two of her former teachers as special guests when she was sworn in for her first full term in the Legislature in 2019.
“They shaped and molded me into the woman I am today, and oftentimes we forget that,” Anthony said. “Those of us in the halls of power have a responsibility… to step up to the plate. Each and every child deserves access to an excellent neighborhood public school so they have the opportunity to grow and lead fully successful lives, but none of that can happen without our educators.”
Anthony’s bill, HB 5107, would create a career-technical program in teacher preparation that allows high school students to work toward meeting teacher certification requirements through courses and experiential learning.
“This package won’t fix every problem that we’re facing with one fell swoop, but it is an important first step toward a path of creating the strongest education system possible,” Anthony said. “It shows that we value our educators the same way we value other skilled, educated professionals by paying our educators appropriately, by respecting them, and truly treating them as the experts they are in the field.”
Other bills in the Respecting Educators Package would:
- Remove the student growth component from teacher evaluations – HB 5104 and 5106 by former teacher and MEA member Rep. Lori Stone (D-Warren) and Rep. Laurie Pohutsky (D-Livonia);
- Create a $25 per pupil categorical for districts that lower their teacher-pupil ratio from the prior year, prioritized for districts with the highest ratios first – HB 5111 by Rep. Helena Scott (D-Detroit);
- Require school improvement plans to include individualized professional development plans for teachers – HB 5108 by Rep. Kara Hope (D-Holt);
- Require teacher preparation programs to include a course on classroom management – HB 5112 also by Stone; and
- Require classroom management training for substitutes – HB 5113 by Rep. Regina Weiss (D-Oak Park).
|
<urn:uuid:1dd4a3b4-fa98-4ba1-a1c3-8afdb7979d88>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://mea.org/respecting-educators-bills/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.965997
| 1,902
| 1.71875
| 2
|
Pallet Enterprise, TimberLine, and
Materials Handling Add RSS Feed
With millions of sites on the Web, it can be hard to keep up with
your favorite sites. Industrial Reporting Inc., the publisher of
Pallet Enterprise, TimberLine, and Materials Handling
recently added Real Simple Syndication (RSS) to make it even easier
to keep tabs on the latest news and industry information.
RSS delivers content directly to a reader's desktop using a general
Web browser or small program called a news aggregator.
Subscribing is simple and free.
Instead of having to visit all your favorite sites, what if they
came to you in one easy-to-use page that kept you updated with the
latest changes, new and information? That is what RSS does. It saves
tons of time. Think of RSS as a well-organized, personalized inbox for the Web.
Below are the basics of RSS.
Advantages of RSS
RSS aggregators are set up to periodically check for new items in the
feeds you are subscribed to, commonly once every hour. You can also avoid
all the non-new information on a web page, including the ads, menus, or take
it a step further and skip information that is not interesting or relevant to
Read more information from more sites…faster.
The news comes to you rather than you having to go get it.
RSS feeds allow publishers to distribute content to a wide audience of
subscribers while overcoming problems caused by spam filters, delayed
distributions, e-mail clutter, etc.
You can organize feeds into categories if you want to browse content from a specific
genre of Web site, such as general news sites or industry-specific content.
Simple as 1,2,3
Using RSS is simple even for a Web novice. Step one is to get a free
RSS reader or aggregator. More on this in a minute. The next thing is
to subscribe to feeds that you want to receive. The third step is to
access your reader/aggregator on a regular basis. It's just that easy
to reduce hours of Web surfing time.
What is a reader or aggregator?
The first thing you need to effectively use RSS is a RSS reader or
RSS aggregator. These programs collect all the RSS feeds you have
decided to subscribe to and present them through one interface.
The biggest difference between feed readers is whether they are
stand-alone clients or are Web-based services accessed through
your browser. Stand-alone clients are useful if you want to access
your feeds even if you're offline. And one feed reader, News Gator,
even integrates into Microsoft Outlook, making your feeds virtually
indistinguishable from your email.
By contrast, Web-based services require you to be online to access
your feeds. But they also offer other features such as feed search,
the ability to integrate feeds with other sources of information in
a portal-like fashion and so on. Some people use more than one reader
to do different things. But that's probably overkill if you are new
Read more about various reader/aggregator options.
- Is a free Web-based reader with lots of extra tools.
- Is a standalone reader that resembles MS Outlook. It
integrates both podcasts and RSS feeds. The major downside is that
it costs $29.95 to purchase.
- A free Web-based reader that suggests new feeds
to subscribe to based on your Web browsing habits.
- A free personalized Web portal from Yahoo! that includes
RSS feeds and other cool features.
- Comes as both a free online feed reader, and a
desktop-based version that integrates into Microsoft Outlook.
The standalone Outlook version is a subscription-based product
with the standard version costing $19.95 per year.
- A free Web-based reader with a search toolbar and online
Subscribe to Pallet Enterprise's RSS Feed
Copy the URL: http://www.palletenterprise.com/articledatabase/RSS/PE_Article_Feed.xml
Paste the URL into your reader.
Or Click the button that corresponds to your preferred reader for
one-click subscription. This only works if you have already
established the preferred reader before clicking on the icon.
Please note that by accessing any of IRI's
How do I know if a site offers RSS?
You may recognize the universal feed icon or these "chicklets" from
your favorite Web sites, blogs, and podcasts. These icons represent
content in any format that you can subscribe to using RSS.
In Internet Explorer the RSS feed icon image in the navigation
bar turns orange when a site has active RSS content. Click on feed
icon to view or subscribe.
Finding RSS feeds to subscribe to is pretty easy - you probably
already have access to them. Go to your favorite website
(if they have a web search function you could search for it)
but there should be a "subscribe to feed" option somewhere on
|
<urn:uuid:f144a5ab-7a5e-4739-a33b-25077b3d95d6>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.palletenterprise.com/RSS_info.asp
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00082-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.881712
| 1,068
| 1.570313
| 2
|
Applicable Rules and Regulations for Glycol Dehydrator
The following rules and regulations may apply to your facility.
- Title 30, Texas Administrative Code, Chapter 115 - Control of Air Pollution from Volatile Organic Compounds
- Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 60 Subpart KKK - Standards of Performance for Equipment Leaks of VOC from Onshore Natural Gas Processing Plants
- 40 CFR Part 63, Subpart HH - National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants From Oil and Natural Gas Production Facilities
- 40 CFR Part 63, Subpart HHH - National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants From Natural Gas Transmission and Storage Facilities
Questions? We Can Help
If you have questions regarding this guidance please contact us.
|
<urn:uuid:1624ac1a-f835-4762-877a-b9adc5c1c616>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.tceq.texas.gov/permitting/air/guidance/newsourcereview/glycol/nsrrulreg_glyde.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00291-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.820064
| 156
| 1.5
| 2
|
Participation of the PABSEC in the Pre-COP26 Preparatory Meeting, Rome, 8-9 October 2021
Mr. Asaf Hajiyev, PABSEC Secretary General, took part in Pre-COP26 Parliamentary Meeting organized by the Italian Chamber of Deputies in cooperation with the Italian Senate and the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) in Rome on 8-9 October 2021.
The Parliamentary meeting was attended by representatives of parliaments-members of the Inter-Parliamentary Union and international organizations. The event was designed as the preparation for the 26th Conference of the Parties (COP 26) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to be hosted by the United Kingdom in Glasgow in November 2021.
At the opening of the event, the participants were addressed by Mr. Roberto Fico, President of the Chamber of Deputies of Italy, Ms. Maria Elizabetta Alberti-Casellati, President of the Italian Senate, Ms. Nancy Pelosi, Speaker of the US House of Representatives, Mr. Duarte Pacheco, President of the Inter-Parliamentary Union, Mr. Pier Ferdinando Casini, Head of the Italian Delegation in the IPU and the Honorary IPU President, Mr. Luigi Di Maio, Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Mr. Giorgio Parisi, 2021 Physics Nobel Prize laureate.
In the framework of the meeting the participants discussed Global ambitions to counter climate change, Green approaches to the COVID-19 recovery, Funding global policies for climate, as well as the Parliamentary contribution to achieving COP-26 goals. The participants approved the Revised Draft Outcome Document of the COP-26 to the UNFCCC which will be adopted in Glasgow.
On 9 October, Pope Francis received at a private audience at the Vatican City the participants of the preparatory parliamentary meeting for the COP26 to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. The Holy Father called on politicians to promote the transition towards clean energy; introduce sustainable land use practices that restore forests and conserve biodiversity; promote that food systems are environmentally friendly and respectful of local cultures; continue to fight hunger and malnutrition; promote sustainable lifestyles and patterns of consumption and production.
On the sidelines of the event, the PABSEC Secretary General had a short meeting with Mr. Gennaro Miliore, President of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean, where the views were exchanged on the role of international parliamentary organizations in solving topical global problems. Mr. Miliore invited the PABSEC Secretary General to visit the PAM Secretariat in Naples.
The PABSEC Secretary General had a conversation with Mr. Konstantin Kosachev, Deputy Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, during which information on the activities of the PABSEC and the IPA CIS was exchanged. It was noted that the high level of cooperation between the two Assemblies and the good working relationship between the secretariats contribute to maintaining effective interaction.
|
<urn:uuid:7ea4e290-f655-4d21-a3bc-e4221d8f9d5c>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.pabsec.org/news-details.asp?id=771&hl=en
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.946591
| 619
| 1.5
| 2
|
Yesterday afternoon a tragic shooting occurred inside a Chicago hospital. In the parking lot of Mercy Hospital, located on the south side of Chicago, a gunman shot his ex-fiance, emergency physician Dr. Tamara O’Neal, who witnesses say was wearing her blue scrubs and was reporting for duty. He shot her three times and then when she fell to the ground he shot her three more times.The gunman then ran into the hospital and shot a police officer and multiple other people. Witnesses report he just started shooting at random people. Hospital personnel scrambled and police searched the hospital including the nursery trying to find victims and the gunman. As of 8:30 PM on Nov 11, 2018, news agencies reported, the police officer, the gunman and two hospital employees dead.
For about a week prior to this shooting, doctors and surgeons had already been storming social media using a hashtag #ThisIsMyLane in a response to a tweet by the National Rifle Association telling “self-important anti-gun doctors to stay in their lane.” What started the heated debate was a position paper recently published by the American College of Physicians. In it, the authors called gun violence a public health crisis and recommended among many other things, a ban on semi-automatic weapons which prompted the tweet from the NRA.
Using the #ThisIsMyLane and #AntiBulletHoles, doctors and surgeons shared on social media pictures of bloodied scrubs, clogs and face masks after caring for gun shot victims. They shared their stories of senseless violence and the toll it takes on families and our communities. In the aftermath of the November 8 mass shooting in Thousand Oaks, California had marked the 307th mass shooting in 311 days in the U.S., many physicians shared their belief that since we had taken a hippocratic oath, we could no longer stand by and watch the carnage in our neighborhoods.
If there was any question that as doctors the issue of gun violence and mass shootings is our lane, last nights shooting inside a Chicago hospital leaving 2 hospital employees dead, including a woman in a white coat, should most definitely make it clear that THIS IS OUR LANE. Below the authors of the “The Chronicles of Women in White Coats” share why. Please read their viewpoints and then also sign the open letter to the NRA from American Health Professionals calling for more research and more policies to address this tragic and preventable public health crisis.
“#ThisIsMyLane #VegasIsMyLane #VegasStrong #kidsdiefromgunviolence You would think that by my being in Pediatrics the incidence of gun violence that I encounter would be minimal. Oh my, if that were only true, I would not have to remember the losses. Some accidental, some self inflicted but all tragic. A four year old that found his dad’s gun and was just playing with it. A teenager who couldn’t think of a way out and had easy access to a gun in his home. Others who were brought in to the Pediatric Emergency Room because my ER was the closest one, and they are bleeding out from a drive by shooting. A car sale that went horribly wrong. A psychopath with loaded guns shooting at people at a concert. This is my lane, this is my ER. This is what we have to clean up due to gun violence. These are the tragic lives lost doing a job where we have to explain to family members. Listening to kids explain safety drills which have now become as routine as fire drills. These are the sights, sounds and stories we will never forget.” — Dr Maria Perez-Johnson
“#ThisIsMyLane Because I’ve taken care of teens shot by stray bullets in the leg while they walk in their neighborhood, who develop secondary skin infections from their wounds. They are casualties of driveby’s, afraid to be outdoors where they live. This is my lane.” — Dr. Bande Virgil
“#ThisIsMyLane because I have seen too many innocent people die before my very own eyes in the ER from gun violence. Because I know what it’s like to have to tell someone that their family member died due to senseless violence and I have seen and heard their gut wrenching cries.
Because it breaks my heart to have my little kids come home from school telling me about lock down drills and bad guys who might come into their school. Because I can’t turn on the news around my kids.
This is my lane because I don’t want to live in a country where we have had 307 mass shooting in 311 days. And I don’t know what to tell my children about the world we live in. Now I can’t honestly tell them that they are safe at school nor that their mommy is safe at work.”— Dr. Archana Shrestha
#ThisIsMyLane because 2/3 of gun deaths are suicides, more than 50 every day. 50% of suicide deaths are by gun. The strongest predictor of how likely a person is to die from suicide is a gun in the home, stronger than depression or substance abuse. A gun in the home makes a suicide three times more likely. 85% of suicide attempts by gun are fatal vs. 2% of overdoses. Since suicide attempts are often impulsive, the presence of a gun in the home increases the risk for everyone in the home, even in those without mental health issues. If a gun is not available, it is rarely used as a method of suicide. — Dr. Danielle Johnson
On the nights when we get victims of gun violence that are maimed or have such intense injuries that they succumb to their injuries, I feel strongly that This Is My Lane. As the Emergency physician that has to tell parents that their child is dead due to a bullet in the wrong trajectory, I feel strongly that This Is My Lane. Let’s stop fighting about this and get research funded and gun safety awareness mainstream so that we can change this Lane for good! — Dr Charmaine Gregory
“We are the ones who care for the victims, families, we are the once dealing with deep wounds it leaves in communities. This is OUR lane!” — Dr Yulia Johnson
|
<urn:uuid:524280e1-3043-4a61-9bc1-fbebb8721ad0>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://womeninwhitecoats.com/gun-violence-this-is-our-lane/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00679.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.978071
| 1,296
| 1.515625
| 2
|
Training A Puppy Essay, Research Paper
Training a PuppyA well-trained dog is the most desirable kind of dog to own. Some people take an older dog that is already trained although most people find puppies irresistible. Puppies are like new born babies and they know nothing except the bare essentials, how to eat, sleep, and play. Most owners want their dogs to be able to heel, sit, stay, come on command and, most importantly, to be potty trained. This is not an easy task to accomplish, but with much time and effort spent on the training these goals can be achieved. Training a puppy to obey is a long process which requires lots of patience.Heeling is important if you want to be able to walk your dog in public with ease. To begin to train your dog to heel, you as the owner, must know the proper way to hold the leash and the proper stance. Place the loop of the leash over your right thumb. Gather half of the leash into your right hand and use your left hand to make corrections. The dog must always remain in proper heel position, with his collar in line with your left hip. He should remain in this position whether you are walking, running, or standing still. He should be close to your left leg but not against it. Next, look at your dog and tell him, “(Dog’s name), HEEL.” If the dog does not follow, give him a quick pop on the leash and repeat the command “HEEL.” Praise the dog as soon as he responds to the correction and is back in the heel position. In the book, “Dog Training My Way,” by Barbara Woodhouse she wrote, “Always tell him ‘Heel’ when you correct him during heeling and remember to PRAISE, PRAISE, PRAISE when you correct!” If the dog does not comply with your commands never hit, or beat the dog. Simply make the corrections and praise the dog. Woodhouse also wrote, “The next type of owner gives a sound thrashing for whatever wrong the dog has done, believing the theory that ‘the more you beat them the better they be.’ This just gets a dog muddled and very unhappy. Some dogs cringe and show every kind of allegiance to this kind of behavior.” Training a dog to heel takes at least an hour of practice daily for at least two months. You must be very patient, praising the dog frequently.Training your dog to sit and stay requires much time and attention. To begin, have the dog sit in the heeling position, give him a firm hand signal and tell him to “STAY.” Now step directly in front of him, no farther than two feet away, and turn to face him. Keep the leash loose and directly above the dog’s head so you can firmly correct him if he moves at all. You need to always watch his head because it acts as an indicator; the minute the head starts to drop, you know he is either going to get up or lie down, so correct him immediately and tell him “STAY.” Remember the key to this is immediate correction. Do not accept compromises. You as the trainer must be on your toes.
The most important rule of training your dog to “come” is to always use a cheerful tone in you voice. Dogs can sense anger, and as a result, will run in the opposite direction. Begin this training as part of the heeling exercise. While you are heeling forward with your dog, suddenly stop, back up and command, “(Dog’s name) COME.” According to Dorothy Broderick, who wrote “Training A Companion Dog,” “This exercise is designed to teach your dog to react to a command to ‘come’ while he is trotting away from you.” As he learns what “COME” means, give one command only, followed by a snap of the leash if he does not respond. Remember to use a cheerful tone, no matter how frustrated you get and give the dog lost of praise as he comes towards you.The most challenging part of training a dog is potty training it. No one wants their house ruined by dogs depositing waste all over. No one likes cleaning up the messes around the house, either. To get control over this situation, you must begin the training immediately. The day you bring home the puppy is the day the training begins. Feed the puppy at regular intervals. Always put your puppy outside immediately after a meal and give it the command “HURRY UP.” You may choose to use another phase just so long as in the future your puppy is going to connect those words with his future obligations. Whenever the puppy wakes up from a sleep, you again must immediately take him outside and repeat the command. To control accidents in the night, make sure the puppy is warm while sleeping. Everytime the puppy deposits waste outside on command, be sure to give much praise. If the puppy should have an accident on the floor, do not rub its nose in it, simply scold it with a low voice and then take it to its usual spot and praise the puppy. This is a long process that the owner must stay on top of at all times. You can’t let one accident slide and then scold the puppy for the next one. It is very repetitive and up to the owner to accomplish.Many long hours and hard work go into training your puppy to become that perfectly obedient dog. As Barbara Woodhouse says, “A well-trained dog is worth its weight in gold; it is up to you to see you are a well-trained owner.” Patience is the key to training an obedient dog.
|
<urn:uuid:1d9497fe-e5dc-4db4-a93c-ef67cc3a9ba7>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://mirznanii.com/a/58689/training-a-puppy-essay-research-paper-training
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00016-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.969723
| 1,213
| 2.59375
| 3
|
Get answers to your health questions and concerns. It's easy to be part of our live chat events, led by Cleveland Clinic physicians and health professionals.
Is Epilepsy Surgery Right for me? New Advances in Epilepsy Surgery
Wednesday, November 28, 2012 - 12 Noon (Eastern Time)
Ten years after epilepsy surgery, 68 percent of Cleveland Clinic patients who have undergone temporal lobe resection (removal of tissue) — the most common type of epilepsy surgery — continue to be seizure free. Significant improvement in lifestyle and social interactions also may occur.
New, increasingly effective surgical strategies are continually being developed which could open up surgical treatment options for more epilepsy patients. For both children and adults, Cleveland Clinic provides state-of-the-art diagnosis and treatment in a caring environment.
The process to decide whether you are a candidate for surgery involves a thorough medical history and physical examination, including brain wave monitoring and other tests. The goal is to identify a specific source of seizures in your brain that can be safely removed without affecting important brain controlled functions.
The Cleveland Clinic Epilepsy Center is committed to delivering world-class care for patients with epilepsy by providing excellent clinical management and the use of state of-the-art diagnostic and therapeutic techniques and approaches. We perform clinical and translational research to improve the knowledge and treatment of epilepsy, and strive to train world-class academic epileptologists and clinical neurophysiologists.
Take advantage of this opportunity to have your questions answered by board-certified epilepsy specialists Imad Najm, M.D. and Jorge Gonzalez-Martinez M.D.
About the Doctors:
Imad Najm, MD, is Director of Cleveland Clinic's Epilepsy Center at the Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute, Division of Neurosciences. Dr. Najm received his board certification in adult neurology, with an added qualification in clinical neurophysiology. Dr. Najm has over 19 years experience in neuroscience, which includes conducting numerous research projects dedicated to exploring the topic of epilepsy during this time.
Jorge Gonzalez-Martinez, MD,is a neurosurgeon with Cleveland Clinic’s Epilepsy Center and a member of our biomedical engineering team. He completed his fellowship with Cleveland Clinic in 2003 and his residency with Cleveland Clinic in 2008. His specialty interests include epilepsy surgery and medical treatment of epilepsy in children and adolescents, general neurosurgery, brain malformations causing epilepsy, brain tumors, mechanism of epileptogenesis, and vagus nerve stimulation.
To make an appointment with Dr. Najm, Dr. Gonzalez-Martinez or any of the other specialists in the Epilepsy Center at Cleveland Clinic, please call 216.636.5860 or 866.588.2264. You can also visit us online at clevelandclinic.org/epilepsycenter
This Health Chat
is currently open
to allow you to submit questions.
We will try to answer as many questions as possible during the chat.
Please create an account to attend the chat and submit your questions.
|
<urn:uuid:9c09ef37-d7bb-4ca5-803b-cd823ff21998>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://chat.clevelandclinic.org/chatpage.aspx?chatid=1416
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00244-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.932681
| 626
| 1.71875
| 2
|
In a whitepaper entitled "Enhancing the performance of Windows Internet Explorer 8," Microsoft detailed browser add-ons, toolbars, malware, restricted sites, plus more advanced topics such as User Agent String and concurrent download settings. In itself, it's a useful guide for IE8 users who’re having trouble with their browser's speed. For our purposes, though, there's some interesting information about add-ons included: “Although browser add-ons can add great new features to your browser, they can also introduce performance issues if written poorly. Add-ons cause most browser crashes, accounting for over 70% of IE8's crashes. Slowdowns in IE8’re very often caused by add-ons—especially when you open a new browser window or tab.” This document will help you learn about ways to optimize IE8 performance. Some of these tips & tricks are well known, such as Manage Add-ons dialog, but the paper addresses other irregular factors that affect performance. Familiarizing yourself with these issues that may affect IE8 performance will empower you to get the most out of your browsing experience.
Internet Explorer 8 Performance Whitepaper
|
<urn:uuid:2c66b1a9-461b-4120-9051-c4a1c20ec5ee>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.ditii.com/add-ons-accounting-over-70-of-ie8s-crashes-reveals-internet-explorer-8-performance-whitepaper/39529/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00405-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.908985
| 239
| 2.0625
| 2
|
Morrow-meadows corporation, The official website of the morrow-meadows corporation, a leading electrical and data communications contractor on the west coast.. Low pain fact sheet - ninds.nih.gov, If you have lower back pain, you are not alone. about 80 percent of adults experience low back pain at some point in their lifetimes. it is the most common. Living arthritis | arthritis.org, Living with arthritis arthritis is painful. it prevents us from leading active, healthy lifestyles. it means we are more likely to develop other serious illnesses..
Gray, henry. 1918. anatomy human body, The bartleby. edition gray’ anatomy human body features 1,247 vibrant engravings— color— classic 1918 publication, . http://www.bartleby.com/107/ # natural remedies diabetic leg ulcers - type 2, ★ natural remedies diabetic leg ulcers ★ :: type 2 diabetes neuropathy - 3 step trick reverses diabetes permanently 11 days.. http://alternative-diabetestreatment.com/symptoms.of.diabetes.in.women.in.their.30s/natural-remedies-for-diabetic-leg-ulcers=p13015 Long-term training brain-machine interface-based, Brain-machine interfaces (bmis) provide assistive strategy aimed restoring mobility severely paralyzed patients. , study animals human. http://www.nature.com/articles/srep30383
|
<urn:uuid:c371cf22-646c-4563-8fca-3065b04fda3e>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://calendariu.com/l/leg-muscles.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721405.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00314-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.770909
| 301
| 1.679688
| 2
|
This paper develops a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model to analyze and derive simple budget rules in the face of volatile public revenue from natural resources in a low-income country like Niger. The simulation results suggest three policy lessons or rules of thumb. When a resource price change is positive and temporary, the best strategy is to save the revenue windfall in a sovereign fund, and use the interest income from the fund to raise citizens' consumption over time. This strategy is preferred to investing in public capital domestically, even when private investment benefits from an enhanced public capital stock. Domestic investment raises the prices of domestic goods, leaving less money for government to transfer to households; public investment is not 100 percent effective in raising output. In the presence of a negative temporary resource price change, however, the best strategy is to cut public investment. This strategy dominates other methods, such as trimming government transfers to households, which reduces consumption directly, or borrowing, which incurs an interest premium as debt rises. In the presence of persistent (positive and negative) shocks, the best strategy is a mix of public investment and saving abroad in a balanced regime that provides a natural insurance against both types of price shocks. The combination of interest income from the sovereign fund, transfers to households, and output growth brought about by public investment provides the best protective mechanism to smooth consumption over time in response to changing resource prices.
|
<urn:uuid:7feca686-5ef9-4210-bdee-097d1a3f7c0f>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://akb.au.int/handle/AKB/14403
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00074.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.931998
| 277
| 2.03125
| 2
|
Apple has an advantageous edge when it comes to some things. The step it took of newer licensing its apps is one such hugely profitable scheme that can only benefit the high tech giant.
Apple has come up with a brand new volume licensing model. It is the greatest iOS 7 motivational factor for enterprise milieus. This new model is a giant leap forward for Apple. It has also overtaken Android with its sparklingly novel features particularly in commercial environments. The buying of apps for the user base has been a headache of sorts since time immemorial.
Both Apple’s iOS App Store and Google Play perform similar functions. You require a user account to have access to apps. Online content such as e-books and music are lent via this strategy. The only snag is that when companies try to purchase apps for the sake of their users, the process backfires.
Apple tried to solve the problem via its Volume Purchase Programs. These targeted both businesses and educational setups. The whole issue lay in the fact that the applications were sold as products rather than licensed as software. That is why Apple’s new licensing model has arrived to deal with the conundrum. In a way things will carry on as before. But there is a subtle difference.
When a worker at Apple departs from the company, he will get his license revoked. However, that does not nullify the app. Instead, the user will get a reminder telling him the app has been annulled and that he has a window of opportunity to purchase the app. The biggest advantage to Apple is the savings it could make through this method.
|
<urn:uuid:13c35d27-c224-4a05-a678-14a52116443d>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.i4u.com/2013/09/56030/apple-takes-advantageous-step-new-app-licensing
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00053-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.975734
| 327
| 1.617188
| 2
|
Election Day might’ve looked quite different this year, but its impact and consequences are largely the same. And Ruby Shamir wants to make sure young children across the country know it.
A few years ago, Shamir authored a series of four books under the umbrella “What’s the Big Deal About …” Among the books were “What’s the Big Deal About First Ladies?” Or “What’s the Big Deal About Freedom?” And “What’s the Big Deal About Americans?”
But the fourth book — which is experiencing a resurgence in popularity for seemingly obvious reasons — is “What’s the Big Deal About Elections?” And while some teachers are crafting lesson plans about the book at Kinneret Day School — where Shamir’s children attend — it’s also being read and taught to civics-minded youngsters nationwide.
While her foray into writing children’s books is relatively recent, Shamir’s investment in American politics and civics isn’t. She worked in the White House during the Clinton years, continuing to work with them during and after Hillary Clinton’s U.S. Senate campaign.
During that time, Shamir helped the future Secretary of State with her first memoir, “Living History.”
Shamir credits her background in politics and public service as a key motivator in targeting children with her civics books. And because of her audience, Shamir needed to be sure the information in the books was not just accurate, but understandable.
“I wanted to engage kids as citizens and encourage them to get involved in their civic life in a whole variety of means,” she said. “But it starts with good information. It starts with solid facts that are presented in a fun, easily digestible way for kids to get a good sense of the strength of our democracy and their place in it.”
Writing a children’s book was certainly different from helping write a memoir. Complex policy jargon was a no-no for the series’ young audience. And while Shamir had a collaborator on her series, it wasn’t a senator this time — it was an illustrator.
Shamir delivered what she hoped was accurate, reliable information to Matt Faulkner, who would then visualize those concepts without words.
“He has tons of creative license, but I wanted to make sure that if there’s anything he’s depicting that is related to historical fact, it has to be really accurate,” Shamir said. “If he’s doing an illustration of Frederick Douglass or one of the First Ladies that I wrote about, it just has to be precise and accurate.”
From early on, Shamir settled on a Q&A format for her books. She not only found the format engaging for a young audience, but also thought it would show respect to a group that often found itself talked down to — whether intentionally or not.
“I wanted to sort of talk to kids in a way that showed them that I respected their potential questions,” Shamnir said, “that I was speaking to them (and) writing to them as people whose opinions, whose beliefs, whose ideas and whose thoughts I respected enough to answer.”
Some concepts — like popular voting — might be fairly easy to explain to children. But Shamir didn’t shy away from explaining more complicated concepts, like the Electoral College and the peaceful transition of power.
Shamir focused her elections book on three key themes: People power, why elections matter, and how children can make a difference. But some adults might ask Shamir, “What’s the big deal teaching kids about voting, especially when they can’t do it themselves?”
“Over time, we have expanded rights and freedoms to more and more Americans,” Shamir said. “I want them to understand that even though they can’t vote yet, they still have a voice. They still have an opportunity to engage in civic life.”
But there might be some increased hesitation from parents about introducing children to politics at the conclusion of a particularly divisive and ugly presidential election — even if it’s just about voting. As a parent herself, Shamir understands that hesitation. But she still thinks there’s a lesson children can learn.
“Like any challenge, it’s either something to avoid and bury, or it’s an opportunity,” Shamir said. “I’d argue — always — to make this one a moment of opportunity to teach kids about the strength of American democracy and the power we wield through elections.”
But civic engagement doesn’t always equate to politics. Shamir’s book isn’t just about kids learning about their role in American democracy: It’s about how they can make a difference in a variety of ways. Children don’t necessarily need to knock on doors for candidates — although they’re well within their rights to do so. They can also learn and participate in civics in other, non-political ways.
“I want kids to understand that even now, even as young kids, if they’re involved in a food drive that’s put on by their church, or if they’re involved in a beach clean-up day or a river clean-up day … they have a stake,” Shamir said. “They have an opportunity to shape their communities, and they should know that right off the bat.”
|
<urn:uuid:0f5ba517-4672-4401-8c81-350acfdeed94>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.riverdalepress.com/stories/whats-the-big-deal-about-childrens-author-ruby-shamir,72700?
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.968973
| 1,184
| 2.3125
| 2
|
Sam carries Frodo up the slopes of Mount Doom
Event Type: General
Age: 3rd Age - Ring War
Date: March 25, 3019
An event in the prelude to the Destruction of the One Ring; see that entry for an overview:
[The] dim light of the last day of their quest found them side by side. The wind had fallen the day before..., and now it came from the North and began to rise; and slowly the light of the unseen Sun filtered down into the shadows where the hobbits lay....
'Now for the last gasp!' said Sam as he struggled to his feet. He bent over Frodo, rousing him gently. Frodo groaned; but with a great effort of will he staggered up; and then he fell upon his knees again. He raised his eyes... to the dark slopes of Mount Doom towering above him, and then pitifully he began to crawl forward on his hands.
Sam looked at him and wept in his heart, but no tears came to his dry and stinging eyes....
'Come, Mr. Frodo!' he cried. 'I can't carry it for you, but I can carry you and it as well. So up you get!.... Sam will give you a ride. Just tell him where to go, and he'll go.'
As Frodo clung upon his back, arms loosely about his neck, legs clasped firmly under his arms, Sam staggered to his feet; and then to his amazement he felt the burden light. He had feared that he would have barely strength to lift his master... and... the dreadful dragging weight of the accursed Ring. But it was not so. Whether because Frodo was so worn by his long pains..., or because some gift of final strength was given to him, Sam lifted Frodo with no more difficulty than if he were carrying a hobbit-child pig-a-back.... He took a deep breath and started off.
They had reached the Mountain's foot on its northern side, and a little to the westward; there its long grey slopes... were not sheer.... Sam struggled on as best he could, having no guidance but the will to climb as high as might be before his strength gave out.... On he toiled..., turning... to lessen the slope, often stumbling forward, and at the last crawling.... When his will could drive him no further..., he stopped and laid his master gently down....
It was easier to breathe... above the reeks.... 'Thank you, Sam,' [Frodo] said in a cracked whisper. 'How far is there to go?'
'I don't know,' said Sam, 'because I don't know where we're going.'
He looked back, and then he looked up; and he was amazed to see how far his last effort had brought him. The Mountain... had looked taller than it was.... The... tumbled shoulders of its great base rose for maybe three thousand feet above the plain, and above them was reared half as high again its tall central cone.... But already Sam was more than half way up the base, and the plain of Gorgoroth was dim below him.... As he looked up he would have given a shout, if his parched throat had allowed him; for... above him he saw plainly a path.... It climbed like a rising girdle from the west and wound snakelike about the Mountain, until before it went round out of view it reached the foot of the cone upon its eastern side.
Sam... guessed that if he could only struggle on just a little way further up, they would strike this path. A gleam of hope returned to him....
He did not know it, but he was looking at Sauron's Road from Barad-dûr to the Sammath Naur, the Chambers of Fire.... [It] climbed at last, high in the upper cone, but still far from the reeking summit, to a dark entrance that gazed back east straight to the Window of the Eye in Sauron's shadow-mantled fortress. Often blocked... by the tumults of the Mountain's furnaces, always that road was repaired... by the labours of countless orcs.
Sam drew a deep breath.... [How] he was to get up the slope... he did not know. First he must ease his aching back. He lay flat beside Frodo for a while. Neither spoke. Slowly the light grew. Suddenly a sense of urgency which he did not understand came to Sam. It was almost as if he had been called: 'Now, now, or it will be too late!' He braced himself and got up. Frodo also seemed to have felt the call. He struggled to his knees.
'I'll crawl, Sam,' he gasped.
So foot by foot, like small grey insects, they crept up the slope.
The Return of the King, LoTR Book 6, Ch 3, Mount Doom
Elena Tiriel 14Aug06
|
<urn:uuid:f5c2d386-f813-4497-9289-1e4b58c91677>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://henneth-annun.net/events_view.cfm?EVID=1191
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00271-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.989381
| 1,036
| 2.03125
| 2
|
1.11 Exploration Update with Llamas!
50% OFF for the first month on all servers with CODE: Llamas
You can edit server files using either the Config Files option or directly via FTP. The Config Files option allows you to make quick edits to the majority of server configuration files using a simple text based editor and for some of the core configuration files such as the server.properties, you can use a nifty interface.
The Config Files are comprised of any file from your server the panel can read as editable, making it an easy way to quickly configure files without having to access them via FTP.
Though most of the files you encounter are editable, some will not and can only be accessed via FTP. For those you can edit, it will either be done using a text based editor or interface.
|
<urn:uuid:46931aaa-bca2-444c-b4b7-795668c02091>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://apexminecrafthosting.com/how-to-edit-server-config-files/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00500-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.846351
| 168
| 1.546875
| 2
|
Traveling south along Hwy 1, after three beautiful days exploring in and around Fort Bragg, my sister Gwen and I decided to take yet another backroad detour off the main highway. Backroads can be beautiful and enjoyable experiences, sometimes they are just the opposite. This time we would try a road headed inland from the coast through the tiny town of Comptche, then south to Hwy 128 just west of the town of Navarro in the Anderson Valley. It turned out to be both beautiful and enjoyable.
The Anderson Valley occupies an area about 25 miles long, extending northwesterly from Hwy 101 towards the Coast along Hwy 128. Early European settlers described it as “a long valley stretching to the northwest, surrounded by dense woods on the southwestern side, and grassy hills to the northeast. There was abundant meadow grass, and water. Deer, elk, bear, and small game animals are abundant and roam the valley and surrounding hills.”
The settlers started arriving around 1850 and with them came the changes that transformed this wooded valley into the thriving agricultural community it is today. From what I can find in the histories apple production here began just before the turn of the century. Today apples still grow in this region but many orchards have been replaced by vineyards. Since 1964 winegrowing and winemaking has become a big part of the economic landscape of the valley. But then that’s another story for another day. Today it’s about apples.
As we entered Anderson Valley I remembered a historic fruit stand that I had visited many years ago and wondered if it was still there. Much to my delight Gowan’s Oak Tree was still there, unchanged and best of all it was open. I had to stop.
Gowan’s has been around since the 30’s when Grandma Gowan would sit under the oak tree, that now shades the building, and sell apples to travelers passing by. Around 1950 they built the fruit stand and have been selling to travelers and neighbors ever since.
They had a nice variety of apples and pears to choose from but no persimmons even though the sign said they did. During the summer months they sell peaches, plums, berries and home grown vegetables.
Oh, and they had Arkansas Black apples. One of my favorites and not always easy to find. To link to a recipe for Fresh Apple Cake and more about these beauties see my previous post Arkansas Black Apples.
This little basket of Lady Apples intrigued me, begged me to try one. So I did. It had a semisweet flavor and was crisp and juicy. The sad thing about these little gems is that they aren’t widely available.
From what I could find about them, they were first cultivated by the Romans and are the oldest apple variety known. The French, it is said, loved them and considered them as royal; early American colonists thought of them as a symbol of wealth. Pretty impressive history for such a tiny fruit.
Always looking for something new to try and having a nice variety of fresh apples on hand, I decided to try this recipe for Apple Cinnamon Loaf by Sharon Whitley posted on Just A Pinch Recipes. The perfect recipe for brightening a cold winter morning. The only thing I changed was to add 1 cup of chopped walnuts with the apple and use mini loaf pans instead of the 9 x 5. The aroma of this loaf will drive you crazy when it’s baking. Is there anything better smelling than cinnamon and sugar? Quick to fix and yummy.
|
<urn:uuid:c2b7918a-b227-4b6b-8c87-933e6fe28eb2>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://anniespickns.wordpress.com/2014/01/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00677.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.972036
| 740
| 1.585938
| 2
|
To prepare for the Survey we reviewed the Position Statement from AORN.
- We've highlighted AORN's Position Statement 2018 for orientation training to capture how PeriopSim today supports the orientation curriculum
For the survey, we asked over 97 Perioperative professionals the following questions:
1) What is the most challenging thing to train a Perioperative RN or ST on?
2) What is the most time consuming thing to train a Perioperative RN or ST on?
3) Do they have a requirement for their Periop RNs to scrub?
4) What are the top priority outcomes they are currently working on at their facility?
This is what we learned:
- CURRICULUM IMPACT: 30+ clinical experience hours, 35+ experiences across general, laparoscopic, trauma, ortho, thoracic and 5 complete surgical procedures and 6+ hours of simulation for each learner training (Experience List Here)
- COMPETENCY EVALUATION: Independent quantitative competency evaluation of the following clinical skills: steps of a procedure, anticipating the surgeon, sharps safety, safe passing technique, maintaining sterile zone and instrumentation. (iPad Only)
- SIMULATION METHOD: Our iPad and VR simulations are 6x times faster than clinical where we take a 1 hour long procedure and the simulated clinical experience is 10 minutes. Confident and competent staff positively impacts team dynamics and retention.
- BUSINESS CASE: Customer ROI is being measured at 4-18x in time, cost and productivity for educators, preceptors and learners.
|
<urn:uuid:9be604e0-eef5-475f-abaf-d9d7ccc7b5b2>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
http://blog.periopsim.com/2019-periopsim-survey-results
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00672.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.890154
| 324
| 1.546875
| 2
|
WSD 2018 (18. 9.)
On September 18, 2018, at the University of Ljubljana, the Faculty of Social Sciences hosted a Web Survey Day (WSD) event for the seventh time. WSD is an event organized by CDI since 2012 and is attended by more than 200 users of the online survey tool 1KA (www.1ka.en) and other users of online surveys. Therefore, the target audience is everyone who is interested in the latest achievements and trends in the methodology of online surveys.
In the introductory speech, dr. Vasja Vehovar, head of the Centre for Social Informatics, presented some global trends in online surveys, where he highlighted the problem of recruiting the general population and also closed populations, mainly due to the question of privacy or underperformance of cooperation. He also presented guidelines for the development of the 1KA tool in the future.
In the second lecture of the plenary part of the event, dr. Benjamin Lesjak from the Institute for Legal Solutions of the Information Society (IPRID), Datainfo.si, presented the problem of online surveys and the GDPR regulation. He pointed out some concrete examples of dilemmas or issues that, in the light of tough legislation on privacy (GDPR), are encountered in a specific field of online surveys.
The second part was followed by the introduction of the 1KA tool, where three thematic seminars were held in parallel, where the members of the CDI presented the different functionalities of the 1KA tool. Gregor Čehovin conducted a seminar called ‘A systematic overview of the main functionality of the 1KA tool’ which was intended for beginner users. Miha Matjašič and Katja Zrim conducted a seminar for advanced users and presented the ‘Advanced and new functionalities’ of the 1KA tool. Peter Hrvatin presented several different ways of customized use of the 1KA tool at the seminar ‘Installation, Integration, API and Custom Adjustments’. In addition to thematic seminars, the Methodological seminar was conducted simultaneously by dr. Nejc Berzelak. At the seminar, he presented some principles and trends related to online surveying as a method of data collection.
Materials of individual lectures WSD 2018 are available for registered users >> (only in Slovenian language)
Below are some photos from the event:
|
<urn:uuid:e5c803ad-02f6-4e00-9be2-ee8dec526857>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.1ka.si/d/en/web-survey-day/wsd-2018-18-9
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00665.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.930058
| 497
| 1.59375
| 2
|
In the name of Allah, the Merciful to all, the Compassionate
According to SANA (Syrian Arab News Agency), the Army general command announced on Sunday that the U.S. air force targeted one of the army’s warplanes in the al-Rasafah region in Raqqa southern countryside while it was carrying out a combatant mission against ISIS terrorist organization, causing it to down and lose its pilot. On the other hand, the coalition headquarters in Iraq stated that a F/A-18E Super Hornet shot down a Syrian Su-22 that had dropped bombs near positions held by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), who are backed by the U.S. led coalition.
No matter which version of what really happened on the ground is the truth, both versions are equally fishy, and should ring lots of alarm bells for everybody.
If what the Syrian army claims is true, the U.S. led coalition is preventing the defeat of ISIS, and is trying to keep them as a useful enemy. There are hundreds of such incidents, reported by reliable sources, that the U.S. is actively and directly helping ISIS. I am not sure about this particular incident, but people in the U.S., and their representative in congress and Senate should question their government about the way they conduct War On Terror and its objectives.
If what the U.S. Army claims is true, the United States is now actively engaged in the Syrian civil war, without the Security Counsel resolution or any international sanction. The United States starts a war without declaration of war with the Syrian government, or even with a presidential executive order. The U.S. was supposed to fight terrorism, but targeting the Syrian regime’s fighter jet, over their soil, is not fighting terrorism.
If you do not get what is going on, let me explain more:
When an army shoots down the fighter jet of a legitimate government, over its soil, their own fighter jets become a legitimate target. The Syrian army has a good air defense capability, and targeting the U.S. jets is not that hard. It’s just a political decision for them to decide if they want to shoot down foreign fighter jets. One or two of such incidents can easily end-up as a full scale war.
So if the U.S. government is begging for a war, people in the U.S. and other coalition nations should ask why they should engage in an unprovoked war, and what the real motives are.
|
<urn:uuid:59d38caf-6d5d-488e-8f16-6110751f0b85>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://shakeri.net/3101/us-navy-jet-shoots-syrian-warplane-soil/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00474.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.966028
| 519
| 1.554688
| 2
|
Did you know that there’s a place in Ohio where the buffalo roam free? Few people do.
Battelle Darby Creek Metro Park in Galloway, Ohio is home to two prairies where you can watch these majestic animals graze.
It’s a hidden gem beloved by locals and a pleasant surprise to visitors who aren’t from the area. Here’s why this truly unique park is a must-visit, no matter what time of year it is:
Stretching across more than 7,000 acres, Battelle Darby Creek Metro Park is home to a herd of bison that roam free. It’s a best kept Ohio secret.
The buffalo roam freely within two enclosed pastures. You can often view the herd from the Darby Creek Greenway Trail, the bison overlook deck and the Nature Center.
Once the spring season hits, the bison get a health check-up before they’re released from the winter grazing area and sent into the prairie pasture.
In addition to watching these majestic creatures roam, you’ll want to check out the wetlands—a diverse landscape makes this park special.
Francie M Berg
Author of the Buffalo Tales &Trails blog
|
<urn:uuid:a4be84f6-1af1-4551-8dd5-fe1fb4c424e3>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.buffalotalesandtrails.com/2022/06/buffalo-roam-free-at-the-7000-acre-battelle-darby-creek-metro-park-in-ohio%EF%BF%BC/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00278.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.88905
| 259
| 2.3125
| 2
|
The Marxist hypothesis: A response to Alain Badiou's "communist hypothesis"
Platypus Review 29 | November 2010
ALAIN BADIOU'S RECENT BOOK (2010) is titled with the phrase promoted by his and Slavoj Žižek’s work for the last few years, “the communist hypothesis.” This is also the title of Badiou’s 2008 essay in New Left Review on the historical significance of the 2007 election of Nicolas Sarkozy to the French Presidency. There, Badiou explains his approach to communism as follows:
What is the communist hypothesis? In its generic sense, given in its canonic Manifesto, “communist” means, first, that the logic of class—the fundamental subordination of labour to a dominant class, the arrangement that has persisted since Antiquity—is not inevitable; it can be overcome. The communist hypothesis is that a different collective organization is practicable, one that will eliminate the inequality of wealth and even the division of labour. The private appropriation of massive fortunes and their transmission by inheritance will disappear. The existence of a coercive state, separate from civil society, will no longer appear a necessity: a long process of reorganization based on a free association of producers will see it withering away.
Badiou goes on to state that,
As a pure Idea of equality, the communist hypothesis has no doubt existed since the beginnings of the state. As soon as mass action opposes state coercion in the name of egalitarian justice, rudiments or fragments of the hypothesis start to appear. Popular revolts—the slaves led by Spartacus, the peasants led by Müntzer—might be identified as practical examples of this “communist invariant.” With the French Revolution, the communist hypothesis then inaugurates the epoch of political modernity.
Badiou thus establishes “communism” as the perennial counter-current to civilization throughout its history.
Badiou divides what he calls the modern history of the “communist hypothesis” into two broad periods, or “sequences,” from 1792–1871 and from 1917–76. The first, from Year One of the revolutionary French Republic through the defeat of the Paris Commune, Badiou describes as the “setting in place of the communist hypothesis.” The second, from the October 1917 Revolution in Russia to Mao’s death and the end of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in China, Badiou calls the sequence of “preliminary attempts at… [the] realization [of the communist hypothesis].”
The two periods remaining in this historical trajectory sketched by Badiou, 1871–1917 and 1976 to the present, Badiou describes as “intervals” in which “the communist hypothesis was declared to be untenable,” “with the adversary in the ascendant.”
But the period from 1871–1917 saw the massive growth and development of Marxism (alongside and indeed bound up with the last great flowering of bourgeois society and culture in the Belle Époque), and culminated in the crisis of war and revolution, which Badiou’s account avoids—or, more precisely, evades. That is, this period raises the question of Marxism as such, and its significance in history.
The Marxist hypothesis
A very different set of historical periodizations, and hence a different history, focused on other developments, might be opposed to Badiou’s. Counter to Badiou’s “communist hypothesis,” which reaches back to the origins of the state in the birth of civilization millennia ago, a “Marxist hypothesis” would seek to grasp the history of the specifically modern society of capital, the different historical phases of capital as characterized by Marx’s and other Marxists’ accounts, beginning in the mid-19th century. But, as Nietzsche scholar Peter Preuss put it, “the 19th century had discovered history and all subsequent inquiry and education bore the stamp of this discovery. This was not simply the discovery of a set of facts about the past but the discovery of the historicity of man.”
Marx's grave, Highgate Cemetery, London.
Marx is the central figure in developing the critical recognition of history as an invention of the 19th century. (The other names associated with this consciousness of history are Hegel and Nietzsche; relating these three thinkers is a deep problem, long pondered by Marxists.)
The Marxist hypothesis is based on Marx’s theoretical and political engagement with the problem he articulated throughout his life, from the Communist Manifesto to Capital, and includes the political thought and action inspired by and seeking to follow and develop upon Marx. This problem is the historical specificity of capital—and hence of history itself. For the Marxist hypothesis is that capital is the source of what Kant called “universal history.”
By contrast with Badiou’s history of the “communist hypothesis,” a history of the “Marxist hypothesis” will be complicated, layered, not quite linear, and non-evental. It is divided into the different periods in the history of Marxism: from 1848–95, the publication of Marx and Engels’s Communist Manifesto to Engels’s death, to 1914–19, the crisis of Marxism in war and revolution; and from 1923–40, post-Bolshevik Marxism, to 1968–89, the “New Left” and the collapse of “Communism.” These are periods in the history of Marxism, which are conceived as the history of what Marx called “capital.” This is the history of capital and its potential overcoming, as expressed in the history of Marxism.
Such history is motivated by the need for what Karl Korsch called, in his 1923 essay “Marxism and Philosophy,” the historical-materialist analysis and critique of Marxism itself, or a Marxist history and theory of Marxism. This would be a history of the emergence, crisis, and decline of Marxism as expressing the possibility of getting beyond capital, as Marx and the best Marxists understood this. Today, as opposed to Korsch’s time in 1923, this would include consideration of the possibility that the potential Marxism expressed missed its chance, and has carried on only in a degenerate, spectral way, until passing effectively into history. That such an account is possible at all is what motivates the fundamental “hypothesis” of Marxism, or the Marxist hypothesis—the hypothesis that Marxism, as a perspective and politics, could be the vital nerve center of modern history. For Marxism is the grandest of all Grand Narratives of history, with reason. Today, the question is what was Marxism?
For most Marxists in the 20th century (and hence also for Badiou), the period of Marxism from 1871–1917, which saw the foundation and growth of the parties of the Second International, was the era of “revisionism,” in which Marxist revolutionary politics was swamped by reformism. But this was also the period of the struggle against the reformist revision of Marxism by Marx and Engels’s epigones, such as Bebel, Bernstein, Kautsky, and Plekhanov. This struggle against reformism was conducted by the students of these very same disciples of Marx, and involved a complex change, itself an important historical transition, in which the students were disappointed by and came to surpass their teachers.
The greatest achievement of the struggle against reformism in the Second International was the Bolshevik leadership of the October Revolution, followed by the (however abortive) revolutions in Germany, Hungary and Italy, and the establishment of the Third “Communist” International. The world crisis of war and revolution 1914–19 should be regarded properly as the Götterdämmerung of Marxism, which raised the crisis of capital to the realm of politics, in a way not seen before or since. The crisis of Marxism 1914–19 was a civil war among Marxists. On one side, the younger generation of radicals that had risen in and ultimately split the Second International and established the Third, most prominently Lenin, Luxemburg, and Trotsky, led the greatest attempt to change the world in history. They regarded their division in Marxism as expressing the necessity of human emancipation. That their attempt must be judged today a failure does not alter its profound—and profoundly enigmatic—character.
The stakes of the Revolution attempted by the Second International radicals, inspired by Marx, cannot be overestimated. For Marx and his followers, the epoch of capital was both the culmination of history and marked the potential end of pre-history and the true beginning of human history, in communism. As Walter Benjamin put it, “humanity is preparing to outlive culture, if need be”—that is, to survive civilization, as it has been lived for an eon.
The specter of Marx
While Marx and Engels had written of the “specter” of communism, today it is the memory of Marx that haunts the world. This difference is important to register: Marx and Engels could count on a political movement—communism—that they sought to clarify and raise to self-consciousness of its historical significance. Today, by contrast, we need to remember not the historical political movement so much as the form of critical consciousness given expression in Marxism. This must be traced back to the thought and political action of Marx himself.
If Marx is mistaken for an affirmer and promulgator of “communism” as opposed to what he actually was, its most incisive critic (from within), we risk forgetting the most important if fragile achievement of history: the consciousness of potential in capital. As Marx wrote early on, in an 1843 letter to Arnold Ruge that called for the “ruthless criticism of everything existing,” “Communism is a dogmatic abstraction and… only a particular manifestation of the humanistic principle and is infected by its opposite, private property.”
The potential for emancipated humanity expressed in communism that Marx recognized in the modern history of capital is not assimilable without remainder to pre- or non-Marxian socialism. Marx’s thought and politics are not continuous with the Spartacus slave revolt against Rome or the teachings of the Apostles—or with the radical egalitarianism of the Protestants or the Jacobins. As Marx put it, “Communism is the necessary form and the dynamic principle of the immediate future, but communism as such is not the goal of human development, the form of human society.” Communism, as a form of discontent in capital, thus demanded critical clarification of its own meaning, and not one-sided endorsement. For Marx thought that communism was a means and not an end in itself.
So what does it mean that, today, we continue, politically, to have “communism”—in Badiou’s sense of demands for “radical democratic equality”—but not “Marxism?” Badiou’s periodization of the history of modern communism in the history of civilization dissolves Marxism into one of its constituent parts—or at least submerges it in this history. But Marx sought, in his own thought and politics, to comprehend and transcend the specifically modern phenomenon of communism, that is, the modern social-democratic workers’ movement emerging in the 19th century, as a constituent of capital, as a historically specific form of humanity. So, what would it mean, today, to view the history of the modern society of capital through the figure of Marx? The possibility of such a project is the Marxist hypothesis.
It goes a long way in making sense of the most important historical figures of communism after Marx, such as Engels, Kautsky, Plekhanov, Lenin, Luxemburg, Trotsky, Bukharin, Lukács, Stalin, and Mao, among others, to evaluate them as followers of Marx. It is significant that they themselves sought to justify their own political thought and action in such terms—and were regarded for this by their political opponents as sectarian dogmatists, disciples of Marxism as a religion. But how did they think that they were following Marx? What are we to make of the most significant and profound political movement of the last two centuries, calling itself “Marxist,” and led by people who, in debate, never ceased to quote Marx at each other? What has been puzzled over in such disputes, and what were—and are still, potentially—the political consequences of such disagreement over the meaning of Marx?
Certainly, Marxism has been disparaged as a religion, and Marx as a prophet. (For instance, Leszek Kolakowski dismissed Marxism as the “farcical aspect of human bondage.”) But what of Marx as a philosopher? If Marx has been widely discredited as a political thinker, nevertheless, in 2005, for instance, a survey of BBC listeners polled Marx as the “greatest philosopher of all time,” well ahead of Socrates, Kant, Nietzsche, and others. On the face of it, this does not seem like a particularly plausible judgment of Marx, either in terms of his own thinking and practice or of “philosophy” as a discipline, unless Marx’s philosophy is understood as indicating how we have not yet overcome the problems he identified in modern society. As far as the reputation of Marx as a thinker is concerned, we seem to have been left with “Marxism” but without Marx’s own “communist” politics: “Marxism” has survived as an “analysis,” but without clear practical importance; “communism” has survived as an ethic without effective politics. How might we make sense of this?
The Marxist hypothesis is that the relation between Marx and “communism” needs to be posed again, but in decidedly non-traditional ways, casting the history of Marxism in a critical light. For it is not that communism found a respected comrade in Marx—perhaps more (or less) estimable than others—but that Marx’s thought and political action form an irreducibly singular model that can yet task us, and to which we must still aspire. Hence, the continued potential purchase of “Marx-ism.” The question is not, as Badiou would have it, what is the future of communism, but of Marx.
To address any potential future of Marxism, it is necessary to revisit Marx’s own Marxism and its implications.
Marx in 1848
Marx pointed out about the revolution in Germany, in which he immediately involved himself after writing the Manifesto, that the capitalists were more afraid of the workers asserting their bourgeois rights than they were of the Prussian state taking away theirs. This was not because of a conflicting class interest between the capitalists and Junkers (Prussian landed aristocracy), but rather because of the emerging authoritarianism in post-Industrial Revolution capital, at a global scale. For such authoritarianism was also characteristic of the revolution of 1848 in France, in which Napoleon’s nephew Louis Bonaparte’s rule, as the first elected President of the Second Republic (1848–52), and then, after his coup d’etat, as Emperor of the Second Empire (1852–70), could not be characterized as expressing the interest of some non-bourgeois class (the “peasants,” whom Marx insisted on calling, pointedly, “petit bourgeois”), but rather of all the classes of bourgeois society, including the “lumpenproletariat,” in crisis by the mid-19th century. As Marx put it mordantly, in The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte (1852), bourgeois fanatics for order were shot down on their balconies in the name of defense of the social order. The late 19th century rule of Napoleon III and Bismarck—and Disraeli—mirrored each other. Marx analyzed the authoritarianism of post-1848 society, in which the state seems to rise over civil life, as a situation in which the bourgeoisie were no longer and the proletariat not yet able to master capital. This was the crisis of bourgeois society Marx recognized. Badiou’s account, on the other hand, is rather a history of ruling class power opposed by the resistance of the oppressed. As early as 1848 Marx was not a theorist of classes but capital, of which modern socio-political classes were “phantasmagorical” projections. Marx sought to situate, not capital in the history of class struggle, but history in capital, to which social struggles and their history were subordinate.
Capitalism, communism, and the “state of nature”
Jean-Jacques Rousseau had raised a hypothetical “state of nature” in order to throw contemporary society into critical relief. In so doing, Rousseau sought to bring society closer to a “state of nature.” Liberal, bourgeois society was a model and an aspiration for Rousseau. For Rousseau, it was human “nature” to be free.* Humans achieved a higher “civil liberty” of “moral freedom” in society than they could enjoy as animals, with mere “physical” freedom in nature. Indeed, as animals, humans are not free, but rather slaves to their natural needs and instincts. Only in society could freedom be achieved, and humans free themselves from their natural, animal condition. When Rousseau was writing, in the mid-18th century, the promise of freedom in bourgeois society was still on the horizon. Bourgeois society aspired to proximity to the “state of nature” in the sense of bringing humanity, both individually and collectively, closer to its potential, to better realize its freedom. With Marx, communism, too, aimed for the realization of this potential. The imagination of a “primitive communism,” closer to a “state of nature” of unspoiled human potential, recapitulated the Rousseauian vision of bourgeois society as emancipation. But, in capitalism, bourgeois society had come to violate its own promised potential. It had become a “state of nature,” not in Rousseau’s sense, but rather according to Hobbes, a “war of all against all”—a conception that Rousseau had critiqued. Society was not to be the suspension of hostilities, but the realization of freedom. Moreover, humanity in society exhibited a “general will,” not reducible to its individual members: more than the sum of its parts. Not a Leviathan, but a “second nature,” a rebirth of potential, both collectively and individually. Human nature found the realization of its freedom in society, but humans were free to develop and transform themselves, for good or ill. To bring society closer to the “state of nature,” then, was to allow humanity’s potential to be better realized. Communism, according to Marx, was to follow Rousseau, not Hobbes, in realizing bourgeois society’s aspirations and potential. But, first, communism had to be clear about its aims.
Communism: not opposed to, but in, through, and beyond the bourgeois society of capital
The Marxist hypothesis is that Marx’s thought and politics correspond to a moment of profound transformation in the history of modern society, indeed, in the history of humanity: the rise of “industrial capital” and of the concomitant “social-democratic” workers’ movement that attended this change. This was expressed in the workers’ demand for social democracy, which Marx thought needed to be raised to greater self-consciousness to achieve its aims. Marx characterized the moment of industrial capital as marking the crisis in modern society—or even, an event and crisis in “natural history”—in which humanity faced the choice, as Luxemburg put it (echoing Engels) of “socialism or barbarism.” This was because classical bourgeois forms of politics that had emerged in the preceding era of the rise of manufacturing capital in the 17th and 18th centuries, liberalism and democracy, proved to be inadequate to the problems and tasks of modern society since the 19th century—Marx’s moment. With Marx, humanity faces a new, unforeseen task. However, unfulfilled, this task has fallen into neglect today.
In the transformed circumstance of capital, liberalism and democracy became necessary precisely in their impossibility, and thus pointed to their “dialectical” Aufhebung—completion and transcendence through negation, or self-overcoming. Liberalism and democracy became not only mutually contradictory but each became self-contradictory in capital. It is thus not a matter of communism versus liberal democracy—as Badiou and Žižek take it to be. Communism was, for Marx, the political movement that pointed to the possibility of overcoming the necessity of liberalism and democracy, or the transcending of the need for “bourgeois” politics per se. But this was to be achieved through the politics of the demands for the bourgeois rights of the working class. Marx regarded the socialism and communism that had emerged in his time as expressing a late, and hence self-contradictory and potentially incoherent form of bourgeois radicalism—expressing the radicalization of bourgeois society—but that demanded redemption. Marx sought the potential in capital of going beyond demands for greater liberalism and democracy. Subsequent “communism” lost sight of Marx on this, and disintegrated into the 20th century antinomy of socialism and liberalism. The Marxist hypothesis is that Marx recognized the possibility, not of opposition, but of a qualitative transformation, in, through, and beyond bourgeois society. |P
. Alain Badiou, The Communist Hypothesis (London: Verso, 2010). The book is printed in a pocket-sized red hardcover on which is emblazoned a gold star—a Little Red Book (viz., Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-Tung) for our time?
. Badiou, “The Communist Hypothesis,” New Left Review 49 (January–February 2008), 29–42.
. The other book to originate from Badiou’s 2008 essay in New Left Review is The Meaning of Sarkozy (London: Verso, 2008).
. Badiou, “The Communist Hypothesis,” 34–35.
. Ibid., 35.
. Ibid., 35–36.
. Ibid., 36–37.
. See Theodor W. Adorno, “Those Twenties,” Critical Models: Interventions and Catchwords, trans. Henry Pickford (New York: Columbia University Press, 1998), 41–48, originally published in 1961, in which Adorno stated that, “Already in the twenties, as a consequence of the events of [the failure of the German Revolution in] 1919, the decision had fallen against that political potential that, had things gone otherwise, with great probability would have influenced developments in Russia and prevented Stalinism.” So, “that the twenties were a world where ‘everything may be permitted,’ that is, a utopia… only seemed so” (43). Indeed, according to Adorno, “The heroic age… was actually around 1910” (41). See note 13, below.
. Peter Preuss, Introduction to Friedrich Nietzsche, On the Advantage and Disadvantage of History for Life (Indianapolis: Hackett, 1980), 1.
. See Louis Menand’s 2003 Introduction to the republication of Edmund Wilson’s To the Finland Station: A Study in the Writing and Acting of History (New York: New York Review of Books, 2003), originally published in 1940, in which Menand cites Wilson’s statement that “Marx and Engels were the philosophes of a second Enlightenment” (xvi). Furthermore, Menand points out that,
Marxism gave a meaning to modernity…. Marxism was founded on an appeal for social justice, but there were many forms that such an appeal might have taken. Its deeper attraction was the discovery of meaning, a meaning in which human beings might participate, in history itself. (xiii)
. See, for example, Adorno, History and Freedom: Lectures 1964–65, ed. Rolf Tiedemann, trans. Rodney Livingstone (Cambridge, U.K.: Polity, 2006).
. Immanuel Kant, “Idea for a Universal History from a Cosmopolitan Point of View,” trans. Lewis White Beck, in Kant on History (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1963), 11–25.
. For instance, the title of Lenin’s pamphlet Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism (1916) indicates what the historical era of “imperialism” meant to Lenin and other contemporary Marxists: the eve of revolution. The self-understanding of the Marxists of the late 19th and early 20th centuries grounded the history of Marxism itself in the history of capital, even if their propagandistic rhetoric had the unfortunate character of calling the crisis of capital expressed by Marxism “inevitable.” See note 18, below.
. See Karl Korsch, “Marxism and Philosophy,” Marxism and Philosophy, trans. Fred Halliday (New York: Monthly Review Press, 2008). Originally published in 1923. Also available online at <http://www.marxists.org/archive/korsch/1923/marxism-philosophy.htm>.
. See Lars T. Lih’s extensive work on Lenin’s “Kautskyism,” for instance in Lenin Rediscovered: What is to be Done? in Context (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2008).
. In a portentous first footnote to his book What is to be Done? (1902), available online at <http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1901/witbd/i.htm>, Lenin put it this way:
Incidentally, in the history of modern socialism [there] is a phenomenon… in its way very consoling, namely… the strife of the various trends within the socialist movement…. [In] the disputes between Lassalleans and Eisenachers, between Guesdists and Possibilists, between Fabians and Social-Democrats, and between Narodnaya Volya adherents and Social-Democrats… really [an] international battle with socialist opportunism, [will] international revolutionary Social-Democracy… perhaps become sufficiently strengthened to put an end to the political reaction that has long reigned in Europe?
. See Leon Trotsky, “Art and Politics in Our Epoch,” a June 18, 1938 letter to the editors of Partisan Review, available online at <http://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1938/06/artpol.htm>:
Not a single progressive idea has begun with a “mass base,” otherwise it would not have been a progressive idea. It is only in its last stage that the idea finds its masses—if, of course, it answers the needs of progress. All great movements have begun as “splinters” of older movements…. The group of Marx and Engels came into existence as a “splinter” of the Hegelian Left. The Communist [Third] International germinated during [WWI] from the “splinters” of the Social Democratic [Second] International. If these pioneers found themselves able to create a mass base, it was precisely because they did not fear isolation. They knew beforehand that the quality of their ideas would be transformed into quantity. These “splinters”… carried within themselves the germs of the great historical movements of tomorrow.
. See Korsch, Marxism and Philosophy:
[A] transformation and development of Marxist theory has been effected under the peculiar ideological guise of a return to the pure teaching of original or true Marxism. Yet it is easy to understand both the reasons for this guise and the real character of the process which is concealed by it. What theoreticians like Rosa Luxemburg in Germany and Lenin in Russia have done, and are doing, in the field of Marxist theory is to liberate it from the inhibiting traditions of [Social Democracy]. They thereby answer the practical needs of the new revolutionary stage of proletarian class struggle, for these traditions weighed “like a nightmare” on the brain of the working masses whose objectively revolutionary socioeconomic position no longer corresponded to these [earlier] evolutionary doctrines. The apparent revival of original Marxist theory in the Third International is simply a result of the fact that in a new revolutionary period not only the workers’ movement itself, but the theoretical conceptions of communists which express it, must assume an explicitly revolutionary form. This is why large sections of the Marxist system, which seemed virtually forgotten in the final decades of the nineteenth century, have now come to life again. (67–68)
I have elaborated further on the significance of Korsch’s important essay in my review of Korsch, Marxism and Philosophy (2008), Platypus Review 15 (September 2009), available online at <http://platypus1917.org/2009/09/03/book-review-karl-korsch-marxism-and-philosophy/>.
. Adorno, in “Reflections on Class Theory” (originally written in 1942), provides the following unequivocally powerful interpretation of the perspective of Marx and Engels’s Communist Manifesto:
According to theory, history is the history of class struggles. But the concept of class is bound up with the emergence of the proletariat…. By extending the concept of class to prehistory, theory… turns against prehistory itself…. By exposing the historical necessity that had brought capitalism into being, political economy became the critique of history as a whole…. All history is the history of class struggles because it was always the same thing, namely, prehistory. (Can One Live After Auschwitz? A Philosophical Reader, ed. Rolf Tiedemann (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003), 93–94.)
. Walter Benjamin, “Experience and Poverty,” Selected Writings vol. 2 1927–34 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999), 735. Originally published in 1933.
. The term used to describe this effect is the “Anthropocene.” Jeffrey Sachs, in the second of his 2007 Reith Lectures, “Survival in the Anthropocene” (Peking University, Beijing, April 18, 2007, available online at <http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/reith2007/lecture2.shtml>), characterized it this way:
“The Anthropocene”—a term that is spectacularly vivid, a term invented by one of the great scientists of our age, Paul Crutzen, to signify the fact that human beings for the first time have taken hold not only of the economy and of population dynamics, but of the planet’s physical systems, Anthropocene meaning human-created era of Earth’s history. The geologists call our time the Holocene—the period of the last thirteen thousand years or so since the last Ice Age—but Crutzen wisely and perhaps shockingly noted that the last two hundred years are really a unique era, not only in human history but in the Earth’s physical history as well.
. Marx, “For the ruthless criticism of everything existing,” letter to Arnold Ruge (September, 1843), in Robert Tucker, ed., Marx-Engels Reader (New York: Norton, 1978), 12–15. Also available online at <http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1843/letters/43_09.htm>.
. Marx, Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, in Tucker, ed., Marx-Engels Reader, 93. Also available online at <http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/comm.htm>.
. Leszek Kolakowski, Main Currents in Marxism (New York: Norton, 2005), 1212.
. See Robert Pippin, “Critical Inquiry and Critical Theory: A Short History of Nonbeing,” Critical Inquiry 30.2 (Winter 2004), 424–428, also available online at <http://criticalinquiry.uchicago.edu/issues/v30/30n2.Pippin.html>. Pippin wrote that,
[T]he dim understanding we have of the post-Kantian situation with respect to, let’s say, “the necessary conditions for the possibility of what isn’t”… is what I wanted to suggest. I’m not sure it will get us anywhere. Philosophy rarely does. Perhaps it exists to remind us that we haven’t gotten anywhere. (428)
. See Marx, The Class Struggles in France 1848–50 (originally published in 1850) and The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte (originally published in 1852).
. Marx, Eighteenth Brumaire, in Tucker, ed., Marx-Engels Reader:
Every demand of the simplest bourgeois financial reform, of the most ordinary liberalism, of the most formal republicanism, of the most insipid democracy, is simultaneously castigated as an “attempt on society” and stigmatized as “socialism”…. Bourgeois fanatics for order are shot down on their balconies by mobs of drunken soldiers, their domestic sanctuaries profaned… in the name of property, of family… and of order…. Finally, the scum of bourgeois society forms… the “saviour of society.” (602–603)
Engels summed this up well in his 1891 Introduction to Marx, The Civil War in France (1871), in Tucker, ed., Marx-Engels Reader, 620.
. See Marx, Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, trans. Ben Fowkes (London: Penguin, 1990), 165.
. See my “Capital in History: The need for a Marxian philosophy of history of the Left,” Platypus Review 7 (October 2008), available online at <http://platypus1917.org/2008/10/01/capital-in-history-the-need-for-a-marxian-philosophy-of-history-of-the-left/>.
. See Platypus Historians Group, “Introduction to the History of the Left: Changes in the meaning of class struggles,” Platypus Review 3 (March 2008), available online at <http://platypus1917.org/2008/03/01/introduction-to-the-history-of-the-left-changes-in-the-meaning-of-class-struggles/>.
. See Rousseau, The Social Contract, Ch. 8 “Civil Society,” trans. Maurice Cranston (London: Penguin, 1968), 64–65. Originally published in 1762.
. See Marx, “For the ruthless criticism of everything existing.”
. See note 21, above. See also Adorno, “The Idea of Natural History” (originally writen in 1932), trans. Robert Hullot-Kentor, Telos 57 (1985): “[I]t is not a question of completing one theory by another, but of the immanent interpretation of a theory. I submit myself, so to speak, to the authority of the materialist dialectic” (124).
. See Luxemburg, The Crisis in German Social Democracy (AKA The Junius Pamphlet, originally published in 1915), available online at <http://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1915/junius/index.htm>.
. See Korsch, Marxism and Philosophy:
[Marx wrote, in the Preface to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (1859), that] “[Humanity] always sets itself only such problems as it can solve; since, looking at the matter more closely it will always be found that the problem itself arises only when the material conditions for its solution are already present or are at least understood to be in the process of emergence.” This dictum is not affected by the fact that a problem which supersedes present relations may have been formulated in an anterior epoch. (58)
. On this point, see some of Marx’s earliest writings, which provided the points of departure for his more mature work, such as “Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right” (1843), “On [Bruno Bauer’s] The Jewish Question” (1843), and The Poverty of Philosophy (1847).
. But, for Marx and Engels, there was no necessary contradiction between the freedom of the individual and that of the collective, or, in this sense, between liberalism and socialism: “In place of the old bourgeois society, with its classes and class antagonisms, we shall have an association, in which the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all.” (Manifesto of the Communist Party, in Tucker, ed., Marx-Engels Reader, 491, also available online at <http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/ch02.htm>).
For further discussion of this antinomic degeneration and disintegration of the original Marxian perspective, see my “1917” in The Decline of the Left in the 20th Century: Toward a theory of historical regression, Platypus Review 17 (November 2009), available online at <http://platypus1917.org/2009/11/18/the-decline-of-the-left-in-the-20th-century-1917/>. See also: Platypus Historians Group, “Friedrich Hayek and the legacy of Milton Friedman: Neo-liberalism and the question of freedom (in part, a response to Naomi Klein),” Platypus Review 8 (November 2008), available online at <http://platypus1917.org/2008/11/01/friedrich-hayek-and-the-legacy-of-milton-friedman-neo-liberalism-and-the-question-of-freedom/>; and my “Obama and Clinton: ‘Third Way’ politics and the ‘Left’,” Platypus Review 9 (December 2008), available online at <http://platypus1917.org/2008/12/01/obama-and-clinton-third-way-politics-and-the-left/>.
* As James Miller, author of The Passion of Michel Foucault (2000), put it in his 1992 introduction to Rousseau’s Discourse on the Origin of Inequality (Indianapolis: Hackett, 1992),
The principle of freedom and its corollary, “perfectibility”… suggest that the possibilities for being human are both multiple and, literally, endless…. Contemporaries like Kant well understood the novelty and radical implications of Rousseau’s new principle of freedom [and] appreciated his unusual stress on history as the site where the true nature of our species is simultaneously realized and perverted, revealed and distorted. A new way of thinking about the human condition had appeared…. As Hegel put it, “The principle of freedom dawned on the world in Rousseau, and gave infinite strength to man, who thus apprehended himself as infinite.” (xv)
|
<urn:uuid:914565e0-5d32-4e06-bff9-56b1b6c01da9>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://platypus1917.org/2010/11/06/the-marxist-hypothesis-a-response-to-alain-badous-communist-hypothesis/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00344-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.936172
| 8,457
| 1.953125
| 2
|
Implantation Failure During IVF Treatment: What Causes It? Health and lifestyle factors affecting one or both parents may impact the success of IVF treatment.
Many women mistakenly believe that their uterus is defective or that their bodies cannot accept the embryo that they are rejecting or destroying.
In this article, the experts at Nisha IVF Center, the leading IVF hospital in Ahmedabad, have discussed the causes of implantation failure during IVF treatment.
After all, fertilization was performed in a laboratory. In most cases, the embryo developed in vitro, and they were able to see their embryo. When an egg and sperm combine, an embryo is formed.
The blastocyst stage occurs during an IVF cycle when the embryo splits immediately and enters or is transferred to the uterus on day three or day five. As a result, the embryo’s implantation is booming, and the endometrium is receptive. Implantation is the process of attaching a blastocyst-stage embryo to the endometrial lining of the uterus for it to develop into a baby.
As a result, people naturally assume that healthy embryos are designed to implant and that their uterus or body is malfunctioning if they don’t. Some of the reasons for implantation collapse through IVF treatment are listed below:
High-quality egg and sperm are essential components for a healthy embryo. According to the experts at Nisha IVF Center, the excellent IVF hospital in Ahmedabad, using the highest-quality sperm and eggs through IVF is critical because healthy embryos have the best chance of implanting in the womb.
Unfortunately, the quality of eggs and sperm can be harmed by a variety of factors. Sperm abnormalities can also cause recurrent implantation failure. Damage to sperm genetic material, also known as DNA fragmentation, can affect the development of an embryo and, as a result, the chances of implantation.
Women’s age has a significant impact on their overall health and fertility, and they are most fertile in their teens and early twenties.
According to the experts at Nisha IVF Center, Ahmedabad’s excellent IVF hospital, the quality and quantity of an egg are both affected by its age. After the age of 35, a woman’s egg quality begins to deteriorate. In their 30s and 40s, their fertility begins to wane.
This means that eggs from older women have a lower chance of implanting successfully in the uterine wall.
Chromosomal variations within the embryo frequently cause recurrent implantation failure.
Chromosomes are DNA-containing structures that are found inside cells. Each egg and sperm contain 23 DNA-storing chromosomes, all passed down from one parent to the other through fertilization, providing the embryo with 46 chromosomes.
During the embryogenesis process, however, chromosomal errors can occur. Aneuploidy refers to abnormalities in the number of chromosomes present and structural changes that affect chromosome size or how DNA is organized within them.
It’s also possible to increase the amount of genetic material in the embryo. Regardless of the type of defect, Chromosomal abnormalities in the embryo are far less likely to result in continued pregnancy.
The age of the female is the most critical factor in chromosomal abnormalities in the embryo. A structural rearrangement in a person’s chromosomes, on the other hand, can be present at birth, predisposing them to produce defective eggs or sperm.
This can be discovered using a karyotype test on the individuals who provide the egg and sperm.
For an embryo to successfully implant in the uterus, the endometrium requirement undergoes biochemical alterations. In preparation for a healthy embryo, the endometrium thickens and becomes sensitive to potential embryo implantation.
Fibroids, polyps, adenomyosis, hydrosalpinxes, and endometriosis are just some of the conditions that can cause uterine inflammation and scarring. These diseases may make it more difficult for the embryo to implant in the uterine wall in some cases.
Health and lifestyle factors affecting one or both parents may have an impact on embryo transfer success.
Diabetes, thyroid disease, other endocrine disorders, autoimmune disorders, and clotting disorders like thrombophilia can stop the embryo from interacting with the endometrium due to underlying medical issues in the mother.
Furthermore, both parents’ alcohol consumption, smoking, and other modifiable lifestyle factors such as poor diet, lack of exercise, and obesity may contribute to repeated implantation failure.
Implant failure is a complex disease with a wide range of causes and mechanisms, and treatment options.
There are a variety of therapy options available depending on the condition. Make an appointment with the IVF treatment Center to discuss your specific needs.
implantation failure reasons, natural implantation failure symptoms, how to prevent implantation failure, treatment for implantation problems, implantation failure ivf, success after repeated implantation failure, causes of implantation failure in ivf, failed implantation natural conception,
|
<urn:uuid:c3824c82-20b9-4072-80eb-73e7aea505be>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://leggingpants.com/posts/implantation-failure-during-ivf-treatment-what-causes-it
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00077.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.926523
| 1,045
| 2.296875
| 2
|
Library details: Abbot Public Library is a Public library.
This library is affiliated with the library system that serves Marblehead, MA. The collection of the library contains 112,522 volumes. The library circulates 239,907 items per year. The library serves a population of 19,808 residents .
Other Info: Member of the NOBLE system
(Use this link to refer back to this listing.)
Administration: The director of the library is Bonnie Strong .
Control: The library is part of a publicly-funded organization. It operates on a Non-profit financial model.
|Expenditures Reported to Institute of Museum and Library Services|
Launch a new window showing detailed statistics available from the National Center for Educational Statistics
|Product Name||Year Contracted|
|Current Automation System||Evergreen -- Equinox Software||2012|
|Previous Automation System||Millennium||1999|
|Previous Automation System||PLUS||1989|
|Previous Automation System||CLSI||1979|
|Previous Automation System||None|
|The library participates in the shared automation system provided by the North of Boston Library Exchange (view map)|
|(The system currently named PLUS by Geac was previously called Libs100 or Libs100PLUS from a company called CLSI.)|
Record History: This listing was created on Mar 17, 1999 and was last modified on Jan 2, 2017.
Updates: Corrections or Updates? Registered members of Library Technology Guides can submit updates to library listings in libraries.org. Registration is free and easy. Already registered? login. Or, you can report corrections just by sending a message to Marshall Breeding.
|
<urn:uuid:f181bb47-5ab9-4d1b-b77f-e386e2b86cd8>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://librarytechnology.org/libraries/library.pl?id=3436
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00280-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.801878
| 351
| 1.570313
| 2
|
Greek entrepreneurs have been pushing against the odds ever since the country's economy hurled into a nosedive at the start of the eurozone crisis in 2008 and the present debt crisis is requiring them to dig even deeper in order to order to survive. Greece desperately needs these entrepreneurs to succeed: small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) are the dominant driver of the Greek business economy, accounting for 86% of all employment in the country. Since 2008, SME employment has dropped by 27% and roughly, 205 000 (or one in four) of the SMEs operating in 2008 has closed shop. Regulatory red-tape, as well as access to capital and global markets are challenges faced by many entrepreneurs, however as evidenced by Greece (in its sixth year of recession), entrepreneurs in some regions of the globe bear the overwhelming brunt of an economic crisis. It may seem incomprehensible to some but these challenges have not dampened entrepreneurial aspirations. Self-employment as a career choice continues to be viewed positively by the Greeks (more so than elsewhere in the Europe).
Are entrepreneurs building companies in conflict regions or economies of scarcity, more innovative and resilient than other entrepreneurs?
Elmira Bayrasli has spent the past two decades of her career working on foreign policy, international development, and with startups worldwide. She is the author of "From the Other Side of the World: Extraordinary Entrepreneurs, Unlikely Places" (Public Affairs) being released in September. As she's met with entrepreneurs in Turkey, Pakistan, Russia and yes, Greece, I asked Elmira whether she thought there were differences between U.S. entrepreneurs and their global counterparts--and in her mind, there is no real difference. According to Elmira "an entrepreneur is an entrepreneur any where in the world - passionate, driven, persistent, optimistic, determined". Irish entrepreneur Susan O'Brien, founder of Smigin (app for travelers or anyone desiring to learn another language as it enable you to build and hear common phrases spoken by a native speaker) agrees, but also adds the U.S. startup founders stand out in the capital raising game because they have confidently mastered the art of the sales or investor pitch:
American entrepreneurs have perfected the art of the pitch. They are confident and can tell their story with aplomb and conviction. Other nationalities are storytellers, but pitching your idea/company for financial or other support requires much more than just storytelling. A self-deprecating sense of humor is adorable and funny, but when it comes to pitching your company, a level of confidence and conviction are required if you want the best possible chance of swinging the vote in your favor.
While global entrepreneurs should study the bold, confident pitching prowess of their American counterparts, what are the lessons for U.S.-based entrepreneurs? One lesson is tenacity. Living in a country with a strong rule of law plus an established startup infrastructure in place to support entrepreneurs (such as networking groups, co-working spaces, conferences and meetups) can soften your determination when things just aren't going your way. As Elmira points out:
Entrepreneurs outside the US have to grapple with tremendous obstacles that we often take for granted here in the US - obstacles such as corruption, poor infrastructure, weak rule of law, lack of collaborative space. As a result, entrepreneurs abroad have to be more creative about circumventing them while trying to build and scale up an enterprise.
Those same entrepreneurs likely have to find a revenue model--and fast--while U.S. entrepreneurs often have the luxury of testing several business models through their Angel, Seed or even Series A funding rounds. According to Elmira, the three most important questions for an entrepreneur abroad are:
- What problem am I solving?
- How can people access my product or service?
- How can they pay for it?
With the banks closed, credit cards frozen and ATM's out of cash, question three necessitates getting innovative fast as trust erodes and Greek entrepreneurs must seek solutions outside of the traditional banking system. In Uganda (another highly entrepreneurial country) the currency has depreciated by 21% this year. How do you price, let alone sell your product when there is inflation, speculation and currency panic? With a strong dollar, plus Venmo, PayPal and access to credit cards, most U.S. entrepreneurs will never face this daunting product pricing challenge.
Startup fever may have launched in the U.S. however, the rest of the globe is not lagging in entrepreneurial spirit. According to the 2014 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Report, the total early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA) rate for the U.S. is 13.8%. The report defines TEA as that percentage of the adult population (18-64 years old) who are "individuals in the process of starting a venture and those running a new business less than 3 12 years old". Compare the U.S.'s 13.8% rate to Cameroon's 37.4% or 35.5% in Uganda, and 32.8% in Botswana. Ecuador has a 32.6% TEA. Elmira sees these variations as being caused by economic necessity and as a positive outcome of globalization:
It’s important to remember, the rest of the world is largely more entrepreneurial than the United States. In the US only 14 percent of the population are entrepreneurs. In places like Chile and Guatemala it’s around 20 percent. That’s not because Chile and Guatemala are more entrepreneurial: lacking employment and education alternatives, the adult populations in those countries have to create their own jobs. The second reason is globalization. As the US outsourced to places like India, Israel, and China they not only transferred knowledge, they created jobs that have pulled people in those places up into the middle class. And with information being shared in real time throughout the world - people are able to see and then act on ideas.
As some countries grapple with debt and ponder future GDP growth, more and more people will turn to entrepreneurship out of necessity. But for others, it will be the attractive career choice to pursue. In the U.S. being an entrepreneurs is not just about starting a business, it's about solving big problems and disrupting global markets. As Susan said to me the "term [entrepreneur] rings of adventure and excitement, of one pursuing one’s life goal, or the ‘American Dream‘".
|
<urn:uuid:69dff775-8392-4c80-9248-d9720d44e9af>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.inc.com/kelly-hoey/against-the-odds-entrepreneurs-globally-pursue-the-american-dream.html?cid=search
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00268.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.952248
| 1,315
| 1.976563
| 2
|
Allama Iqbal 2 Line Poetry is best way to express your words and emotion. Check out the amazing collection of express your feeling in words. This section is based on a huge data of all the latest Allama Iqbal 2 Line Poetry that can be dedicated to your family, friends and love ones. Convey the inner feelings of heart with this world’s largest Allama Iqbal 2 Line Poetry compilation that offers an individual to show the sentiments through words.
Allama Iqbal 2 line poetry in Urdu does not need any introduction. However, a significant number of poems of Allama Iqbal two line poetry are also present in the Persian language. On the other side, Allama Iqbal poetry In Urdu 2 lines for students motivate them to achieve their goals in life.
The literature seems incomplete without Allama Iqbal 2 line Shayari in Urdu. The best part about Allama Iqbal two line Shayari in Urdu is that it highlights complex topics in a simple manner. On our website, you can view the complete collection of Allama Iqbal 2 line poetry. You can also share Allama Iqbal two line poetry with your friends and family members.
|
<urn:uuid:c655b993-4881-4865-88c9-f0eb47dacf61>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://hamariweb.com/poetry/allama-iqbal-2-line-poetry-spg150/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00272.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.943508
| 254
| 1.625
| 2
|
Mario Draghi Loosely Outlines ECB Quantitative Easing for 2015
The European Central Bank (ECB) has decided to follow the Bank of England by not cutting interest rates. Still, ECB President Mario Draghi has talked up the scenario for additional quantitative easing measures to come in 2015. The problem is that no formal description of which quantitative easing measures, other than expanding the balance sheet, have been noted.
It is simply assumed that Draghi means government bond buying when he said that agreed measures would have a sizable impact on the balance sheet of the European Central Bank. The ECB has already outlined asset-backed securities purchases. Draghi's new verbiage signals early 2015 for additional quantitative easing, but Draghi also noted that this does not necessarily mean the first ECB meeting in 2015.
To support the endless quantitative easing hopes, the ECB forecasts on eurozone gross domestic product (GDP) have been lowered. Its forecast is now for GDP in 2014 to be up by 0.8%, versus a prior forecast of 0.9%. Other lower forecasts were as follows for GDP and inflation (Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices, or HICP):
- 2015 GDP now 1.0%, versus prior 1.6% forecast
- 2016 GDP now 1.5%, versus prior 1.9% forecast
- 2014 inflation 0.5%, versus prior 0.6% forecast
- 2015 inflation at 0.7%, versus prior 1.1% forecast
- 2016 inflation at 1.3%, versus prior 1.4% prior forecast
Unfortunately, these targets still may be grasping for hope out of thin air. That view is because Draghi said that risks remain to the downside — and he admitted that the new forecasts simply do not incorporate the recent oil prices falling so much. Draghi even went on to say that the ECB needs to be vigilant on the impact of lower oil prices and that the ECB must be prepared to provide further accommodation if needed.
Based on our outlook going into this meeting, the ECB's stance is frankly less aggressive than it could have been. Whether the market shrugs it off remains up in the air, but S&P and DJIA futures have softened up since Draghi's press conference started.
ALSO READ: The 10 Worst Countries for Women
|
<urn:uuid:ae4abdbb-1c3b-44e0-a31c-a8aa9cda1b43>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://www.aol.com/article/2014/12/04/mario-draghi-loosely-outlines-ecb-quantitative-easing-for-2015/21119897/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717963.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00373-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.952266
| 467
| 1.757813
| 2
|
You’ve always had that sneaking suspicion that all your married friends were boring. Well now there’s proof of that. New research suggests that settling down with a significant other tends to change one’s personality in a surprising manner.
This evaluation comes from a recent German study which looked at personality changes among nearly 15,000 people over a period of four years. Within that pool their were 664 participants who got hitched, allowing researchers to study personality traits in comparison to those who weren’t getting married.
What they found was that the wedded participants showed a decrease in the traits of extroversion and openness to experience more things when compared to their peers who weren’t married. Whilst the differences were modest, the findings do provide some evidence that your married friends aren’t what they used to be.
Put your pitchforks down. A similar study from the U.S which dates back to 2000 also suggested that whilst this may be true, newly married men also displayed benefits in the form of higher conscientiousness and lower levels of neuroticism. In other words, married men were more pragmatic and considerate whilst being less drive by emotions and impulse.
It would seem then that whilst a marriage may make you a boring sod, it will also ensure you have the skills to keep a relationship afloat during the most tumultuous times.
If you’re still unsure of whether marriage is for you, then see our 10 signs that you’re not ready for marriage.
|
<urn:uuid:ccf1540d-5d76-41a0-b122-eeb6e628b98c>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.dmarge.com/marriage-boring
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00675.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.978897
| 313
| 1.65625
| 2
|
Luck has been the ever-present bass note of Stephen Wade’s career as a musician, storyteller and historian of American grassroots music. From his early exposure to roots music in his native Chicago to a three-week engagement that stretched to a decade-long gig at Arena Stage, Wade knows he has led a charmed life.
“I’m lucky. Nothing but good fortune has shined on me,” Wade, 64, of Hyattsville, said of a career that seeks to capture and preserve American folk music—and folklore—that might otherwise be lost. While a master performer on the banjo and guitar, he is equally at home researching, writing books and making documentaries about early grassroots music and performers.
His live performances capture the music, stories and even the dance steps that bring alive traditions that mostly have their roots in the American South, but speak to us all, the Grammy-nominated musician said.
“I’ve tried to bring this musical tradition to audiences outside of academe,” he said of the dozen or so albums he has recorded or produced. “American music has its own unique history and influences. People from all the world came together in America to make a new music for us all.”
To celebrate his recently released album, “Across the Amerikee: Showpieces from Coal Camp to Cattle Trail,” Wade, accompanied by musicians Zan McLeod and Russ Hooper, will perform gems of American’s grassroots musical traditions in a Saturday, Sept. 16 concert at AMP by Strathmore in North Bethesda.
The music may be old, but the messages are timeless, Wade said. “Amerikee is a really old-fashioned, archaic turn of phrase. And yet the issues America was dealing with a hundred years ago—such as immigration—are still relevant, and can be found in this music.”
A companion concert on Nov. 16 at the same venue will highlight the music and artists from the Southern Appalachians, Mississippi Delta and the Great Plains that Wade wrote about in his 2012 book, “The Beautiful Music All Around Us: Field Recordings and the American Experience.” During the solo performance, Wade will share the trove of images and video he has collected through decades of capturing America’s unique musical heritage.
“That book was really 18 years in the making,” he said, describing his efforts to track down and interview musicians recorded by the Library of Congress in the 1930s and ‘40s. Wade traveled to prisons, churches and family gatherings to learn as much as possible about the music and the artists.
“I spoke to over 200 people in the process of researching and writing that book,” he said. “While I never hid the fact that I was a musician or performer, I didn’t bring my banjo with me during interviews. I was afraid that if I did, they’d want to listen to me versus my listening to them.”
Wade may connect musically with the past, but he lives for the future. A new documentary based on the Amerikee album is in the works, and he is planning a new book.
For the near future, Wade looks forward to the AMP concerts where he may see fans he made during his one-man show, “Banjo Dancing,” that ran for a decade in the 1980s at D.C.’s Arena Stage.
“The audience that knows me well is aging, but they’re bringing their kids and grandkids,” he said. “I am so grateful that I can bring this music to new audiences.”
AMP powered by Strathmore presents “Stephen Wade: Across the Amerikee” at 8 p.m. Saturday, Sept. 16, at 11810 Grand Park Ave., North Bethesda. Tickets range from $25 to $35. “Stephen Wade: The Beautiful Music All Around Us” will be at AMP at 8 p.m. Thursday, Nov. 16; tickets range from $25 to $35, with a 20 percent discount available to patrons who purchase tickets to the Sept. 16 show. For additional information or to purchase tickets, visit www.ampbystrathmore.com or call 301-581-5100. View this event on CultureSpotMC here.
|
<urn:uuid:d9982eff-97d8-482a-b44b-ee7a7d23a50e>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.culturespotmc.com/stories/getting-to-know-you/grassroots-guru/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00078.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.969864
| 917
| 1.5
| 2
|
Summary and Info
This companion provides original, scholarly, and cutting-edge essays that cover the whole range of Hegel’s mature thought and his lasting influence.A comprehensive guide to one of the most important modern philosophersEssays are written in an accessible manner and draw on the most up-to-date Hegel researchContributions are drawn from across the world and from a wide variety of philosophical approaches and traditionsExamines Hegel’s influence on a range of thinkers, from Kierkegaard and Marx to Heidegger, Adorno and DerridaBegins with a chronology of Hegel’s life and work and is then split into sections covering topics such as Philosophy of Nature, Aesthetics, and Philosophy of Religion
More About the Author
Stephen Holgate (born (1971-12-15) 15 December 1971 ) is a rugby league player of the 1990s and 2000s, playing at representative level for England, and Cumbria, and at club level for Hensingham ARLFC, Workington Town, Wigan, Hull Sharks and Halifax in the European Super League as a Second-row.
Review and Comments
Rate the Book
A Companion to Hegel 0 out of 5 stars based on 0 ratings.
|
<urn:uuid:ca518904-8e16-4eb8-8acb-e0f6e027dd2a>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://libdl.ir/book/180539/a-companion-to-hegel
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00385-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.936971
| 252
| 1.984375
| 2
|
| NEW DELHI
NEW DELHI India's main opposition, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), said it would push on with the country's drive to expand its grain exports if it forms the next government after elections that kicked off last week.
Since export restrictions were eased three years ago, India has emerged as the world's top rice exporter and a key supplier of wheat to Southeast Asia and the Middle East.
Some grain traders had speculated that export policy could change if the BJP ousted the ruling Congress party-led government, but a senior BJP official sought to allay those concerns.
"We favour building the Indian grain brand globally and that would need consistency in export policy," said Satpal Malik, the BJP vice-president in charge of drafting the farm policy section of the party's election manifesto.
Opinion polls show the BJP will win the most lower-house seats, putting its candidate for prime minister, Narendra Modi, in pole position to form the next government in the world's No.2 producer of grains.
Results of the five-week general election are due in mid-May.
EXPORT WINDOW OPEN
The current Congress-led government has conducted extensive purchases of wheat to support farmers, typically taking 25-30 million tonnes per year - or around a third of the annual crop.
But with the floor of $260 per tonne for government buying below the price Indian wheat can now fetch on international markets, exports have been profitable for state-run traders.
In a tender last Friday, Indian state traders fetched prices of as much as $285 per tonne for shipments to be made in May.
Although a defeat for the current government would bring shifts in an array of policies ranging from national security to the sale of state businesses, grain exports would be an area of continuity.
"It's ridiculous to think that every policy of the previous regime would be reversed after we come to power," said Malik, a former government minister.
Repeated bumper harvests due to ample monsoon rains have led grain stocks to pile up. At the start of the new fiscal year on April 1, rice and wheat stocks were 38 million tonnes, more than double the target of 16 million tonnes.
Malik said keeping the export window open would ensure better prices for local growers and, helping cut the fiscal burden of 1.15 trillion rupees ($19 billion) arising from food subsidies.
The BJP plans to roll out a programme to boost farm efficiency that Modi has championed in his home state of Gujarat. The system involves issuing cards to farmers recording soil properties such as productivity, mineral mix, water capacity and salinity.
[$1 = 60.1150 Rupees]
(Editing by Douglas Busvine and Joseph Radford)
|
<urn:uuid:a6078296-405b-4572-8f43-82d287978eda>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://in.reuters.com/article/uk-india-election-grains-idINKBN0D002Z20140414
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00146-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.962922
| 568
| 1.78125
| 2
|
NORWALK, Conn. -- The Maritime Aquarium at Norwalk welcomed an adorable new member to its family Thursday when 11-month-old Levi joined the river otter exhibit.
Levi was born in February at the Beardsley Zoo in Bridgeport. He joins Lew, an 11-year-old river otter who has been alone in the exhibit since his companion, Bell, passed away in April.
"He's got some spunk to him," said John Lenzycki, curator of animals at the aquarium, the most popular tourist attraction in Fairfield County.
Levi has been at the aquarium since early November, Lenzycki said, but the aquarium wanted to give him time to acclimate to his new home before permanently introducing him to the exhibit. He and Lew were first kept in two cages, separated by an empty cage, while they acclimated to each other.
Then they were moved into side-by-side cages before being placed in the otter exhibit together. Lenzycki said it was important that they get used to each other and for the aquarium to make sure that they were a good fit.
As soon as Levi was introduced into the otter exhibit, he and Lew began playfully chasing each other around and wrestling on the rocks and in the water. Lenzycki said that this behavior is common.
"There will be some testing to see who's dominant, to see who gets the preferred spot in the habitat. They'll wrestle and tussle," Lenzycki said. "In a couple days they'll be inseparable."
Levi was acquired from the Beardsley Zoo as part of a cooperative breeding program. His parents live at the zoo, and his siblings who were born in the same litter will be sent to the Dickerson Park Zoo in Illinois and the Florida Aquarium.
The placement of the animals after they are born is determined by scientists, Beardsley Zoo Director Gregg Dancho said. They go to facilities that are accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums.
For visitors looking for Levi on their next trip to the aquarium, he's the smaller of the two otters and his neck is creamier in color than Lew's.
Lenzycki thinks that Levi will fit in well at the aquarium, and that his presence will be good for Lew as well. He said the river otters are among the most popular exhibits in the aquarium, and that visitors are sure to love Levi.
Click here to sign up for Daily Voice's free daily emails and news alerts.
|
<urn:uuid:8a0ade62-aa5e-45d3-aeb2-088743501dbf>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://dailyvoice.com/connecticut/westport/news/11-month-old-river-otter-levi-makes-a-splash-at-maritime-aquarium/512797/None/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.988832
| 527
| 1.617188
| 2
|
Her condition was so debilitating she was unable to lift her baby out of his cot or even get into the bath unaided.
But thanks to a pair of copper insoles, the plucky garden designer is now in training for a half marathon.
Helen, 39, credits her incredible recovery in her health to the “copper heelers” and says her improvement has left doctors astounded.
She thought she would end up in a wheelchair when she was diagnosed with arthritis in every joint of her body following the birth of her third child.
But within three months of wearing the £29.95 insoles, she began to walk freely.
Now she is planning to take part in a half marathon in the South of France in February.
Helen said: “I couldn’t do anything. I had to be helped off the toilet and getting in and out of the bath was difficult.
It was terrifying. I was a young woman and I feared I would end up in a wheelchair
“It was terrifying. I was a young woman and I feared I would end up in a wheelchair.”
The healing power of copper was first pioneered by the ancient Greeks.
It is an essential mineral in the body and is known to help keep blood vessels, the immune system and bones healthy.
Helen, originally from Teignmouth, Devon, who now lives near Nice, first began noticing pain six months after her son Theo was born in 2006.
It wasn’t long before the discomfort spread from her left arm to her knees, wrists, hips, elbows and ankles. Then her mother-in-law recommended copper heelers which had eased similar pain for her.
Helen – who also cut out alcohol, caffeine, dairy products and gluten – noticed a difference within three months.
She said: “Now I can do everything I want. The doctors cannot believe I am controlling arthritis without drugs.” Tony Andrews, from the makers theoriginalcopperheeler.com which invented the insoles, said: “People from all walks of life are wearing them who are now pain-free.”
But the Arthritis Foundation says their effectiveness is not backed by scientific research.
Rheumatologist Dr James McKoy said: “A copper product won’t harm you but it probably won’t help you either.”
|
<urn:uuid:eb3a8462-faf1-4784-b3d1-9647671acb79>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/357254/Arthritis-My-miracle-cure
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00034-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.981895
| 498
| 1.882813
| 2
|
- Primary research
- Open Access
Nuclear localization and intensity of staining of nm23 protein is useful marker for breast cancer progression
Cancer Cell International volume 8, Article number: 6 (2008)
Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in the western world. The expression differences of many proteins are associated with breast cancer progression or suppression. The purpose of the study was to determine the expression of nm23 protein in the invasion status and metastatic potential of breast cancer by using tissue microarray and to determine its role in breast cancer based on the expression of nm23 gene product.
nm23 protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using commercially available tissue microarray containing malignant and normal breast tissues from 216 patients.
a similar percentage of cases showed positive cytoplasmic/nuclear staining for nm23 in normal breast tissue (85.7%), primary breast carcinoma node negative (97.5%) and carcinoma with lymph node metastasis (92.1%). Nuclear localization of staining for nm23 protein was higher in infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) node positive (24.3%) and in matched lymph mode metastasis (18.9%) compared to IDC node negative (4.9%). Strong intensity of cytoplasmic/nucleus staining was observed in IDC node negative (42.6%), in IDC node positive (57.1%), and Infiltrating lobular carcinoma (ILC) node negative (44%) compared to normal breast tissue (16.7%).
nm23 protein expression appears widely expressed in normal breast, early and advanced breast cancer stages. Interestingly our study found that strong staining intensity and nuclear localization of nm23 protein may prove to be a useful marker of breast cancer progression.
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth (proliferation) of cells [1–3] and their ability to invade other organs or tissues, either by invasion or metastasis [2–4]. Although there are many types of cancer, all begin with uncontrolled growth of abnormal single cells in the body . Breast cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm in women. Breast cancer is the commonest cancer among women in United Kingdom . Breast cancer comprised 30.4 % of all female cancers in Malaysia in 2002 . Approximately 182,000 estimated new cases of women with breast cancer are seen in the United States each year [7, 8]. The number of women who die of breast cancer is approximately 46,000 each year in USA . One out of eight women in United States and out of ten women in Europe is at risk of developing breast cancer at some point during her lifetime . Most deaths of women with breast cancer arise not as a result of primary tumor but from its metastatic spread to distant sites in the body [10, 11]. Once spread and secondary masses are formed, breast cancers are usually incurable . Approximately one-third of the node negative breast cancer patients develop metastatic disease, whereas the other two-thirds do not develop metastasis despite not receiving chemotherapy . Breast cancer is considered to be a systemic disease as most breast carcinoma metastasizes before diagnosis of the primary lesion . Therefore, early detection of metastasized lesion and identification of more effective therapeutic modalities for metastatic disease are necessary if the prognosis for patients with advanced breast cancer is to improve. nm23 gene located on chromosome 17 q21.3 (A subunit by nm23-H1 and B subunit by nm23-H2) encodes nucleoside diphosphate kinase. It has been reported that differential regulation of nm23 by p53 in different cell types is an important component in the molecular mechanisms of tumor metastasis [15, 16]. Other study reported that high nm23 expression is associated with older age (> 35 years) and smaller tumor size . Also high nm23 expression is associated with the absence of distant metastasis . Low expression is predictive of distant metastasis and appears to be a risk factor that is independent of the presence or absence of positive axillary nodes at diagnosis . In contrast, several studies of lung and pancreatic carcinoma reported that nm23 expression correlated with advanced tumours [19–22]. Thus, the putative usefulness of nm23 in prediction of the clinical course of breast cancer patients remains to be identified. The main purpose of the study was to find the expression pattern of nm23 proteins in different types of breast cancer with or without lymph node involvement and to determine its role in breast cancer using tissue microarray.
Materials and methods
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue microarrays from 188 lymph node negative breast cancer patients, 50 breast cancer patients with lymph node metastasis (50 malignant tissues and 50 matched lymph node tissue cores with metastasis) and 8 normal breast tissue cores were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for the expression nm23 protein. Included in this study were patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma, infiltrating lobular carcinoma, normal breast tissue and lymph node metastasis. The final number was 122 tissue cores of node negative infiltrating ductal carcinoma, 41 node negative infiltrating lobular carcinoma, seven normal breast tissue, 40 node positive (38 infiltrating ductal carcinoma, 2 infiltrating lobular carcinoma) and 46 tissue cores of lymph node metastasis. We did not evaluate infiltrating lobular carcinoma node positive because of the low sample size (2 cases). Forty six 3 tissue cores were excluded from statistics because very little cancer cells or no breast cancer tissue were seen. The total number after exclusion was 254 tissue cores (37 matched tissues) of 216 patients.
In principle, rabbit Anti-Human polyclonal primary antibody against nm23 protein (Code No. A0096, from DakoCytomation, Denmark) was used on deparaffinized tissue microarray slides (Cat. No. BR 2001, BR 1001 from Biomax, USA). A secondary detection system (DAKO Envision) enhanced with conjugated polymer was used to bind with the primary antibody. DAB chromogen was used for permanent color development and detection under microscope.
The percentage of carcinoma cells with cytoplasmic/membranous/nuclear staining was recorded on each specimen at 200× magnification, using light microscope. The expression of nm23 was scored in all tumors as positive or negative. Positive: ≥ 75% stained cells. Negative: no cells were stained. Also the intensity of staining was categorized into three groups: weak, moderate and strong. This was ascertained by a single qualified pathologist.
A tissue section of normal breast was used as positive control for nm23. Rabbit IgG isotype (Sigma- Aldrich, USA) was used instead of primary antibody in the immunohistochemical technique on a tissue section each of breast cancer and normal breast as negative control (Figure 1).
The tissue microarray slides were placed on hot plate at 60°C for 30 minutes. The slides were immersed in two changes of xylene (10 minutes for each) to remove paraffin. Slides were then immersed in 3 different concentrations of ethanol 100%, 95%, 70% ethanol for 5 minutes each. Slides were rinsed with distilled water to remove ethanol and left for 5 minutes. The slides were then placed in target retrieval solution EDTA buffer pH 9.0 (DAKO) and heated on microwave for 20 minutes at maximum setting. Slides were allowed to cool at room temperature and rinsed with Tris Buffered saline (TBS) mixed with tween 20 (2 changes). Slides were covered with peroxidase blocking solution (DAKO) and left for 15 minutes, followed by rinsing with TBS buffer mixed with tween 20 (2 changes). Then 200 μl of primary antibody (dilution 1:25) was added on the tissue microarray slides and left for 60 minutes, followed by rinsing with TBS mixed with tween 20 (three changes one minute each change). Two drops of DAKO Envision/HRP, Rabbit/Mouse (secondary antibody) were added on the slides and left for 30 minutes, followed by rinsing with TBS mixed with tween 20 (Three changes, one minute each change). After that DAB substrate (DAKO) was added on section slides and left for 10 minutes (40 μl DAB concentrate, 2 ml substrate buffer), followed by rinsing, immersion into hematoxylin and 4 different concentrations of ethanol 70%, 80%, 95% and 100% for 2 minutes each. After that slides were immersed in two changes of xylene (2 minutes each) and cover slipped. All incubation steps after heat induced epitope retrieval were carried at room temperature.
A majority of positive cases (i.e., ≥ 75 % stained cells) showed cytoplasmic stained cells with nm23 protein. The immunohistochemical expression of nm23 protein was observed in 97.5% (119/122) of node negative infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC). Strong intensity of staining was observed in 42.6% (52/122) and moderate intensity in 35.2% (43/122).
Positive expression of nm23 was observed in 61% (25/41) of node negative infiltrating lobular carcinoma (ILC). The strong staining intensity were observed in 44% (11/25) while moderate staining in 16% (4/25). The expression of nm23 protein in normal breast tissues was seen in 85.7% (6/7) cases. Weak staining intensity was observed in 66.7% (4/6) and strong staining in 16.7% (1/6). Different staining intensity had been found in (2/2) tissue cores containing infiltrating lobular carcinoma (strong staining intensity) and normal adjacent breast tissue (weak staining intensity) (figure 2, figure 3).
The staining of nm23 in node positive infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) was observed in 92.1 % (35/38) with strong staining intensity noted in 57.1% (20/35) cases. The expression of nm23 protein was observed in 89.2% (41/46) of metastatic infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC with lymph node metastasis) with strong staining intensity noted in 31.7 % (13/41) cases.
It was observed that 89.2% (33/37) of the cases showed positive expression of nm23 protein in both infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast and its matched lymph node metastasis. Two of 37 cases (5.4%) showed negative expression of nm23 in both sites of infiltrating ductal carcinoma and its matched lymph node metastasis. One case showed positive expression of nm23 at the site of infiltrating ductal carcinoma and negative nm23 expression in its matched lymph node metastasis. Also one case showed negative expression of nm23 infiltrating ductal carcinoma with positive nm23 expression in its matched lymph node metastasis (Table 1).
Both nuclear and cytoplasmic staining was seen in 6/122 (4.9%) of node negative IDC cases, 2/41 (4.8%) of node negative ILC cases, 9/37 (24.3%) of node positive IDC cases and 7/37 (18.9%) (Figure 4) in the matched lymph node metastasis cases (Table 2). Nuclear staining was not seen in normal breast
nm23 protein was originally identified as a metastasis suppressor protein and many previous studies reported reduced expression of nm23 protein correlated with metastasis or reduced survival for patients with breast cancer [24–29]. Recurrences of breast cancer were accompanied by nm23-loss . In contrast, several studies of lung and pancreatic carcinoma reported that nm23 expression correlated with an advanced tumor [19–22]. Also several breast carcinoma studies have shown that low nm23 expression correlates with poor prognosis [31–33] but the dynamics of its expression pattern and compartmentalization in breast cancer remains poorly understood.
nm23 was expressed in normal breast tissue as well as in node negative IDC breast cancer, node negative ILC breast cancer, node positive IDC breast cancer, and matched lymph node metastasis in 85.7%, 97.5%, 61%, 92.1%, and 89.2% cases respectively. Among 97.5% node negative IDC cases, 42.6% had strong staining intensity and only 19.7 % had a weak staining. nm23 was expressed in 61% of node negative ILC cases indicating that nm23 protein expression was associated more with infiltrating node negative ductal carcinoma than node negative infiltrating lobular carcinoma. As expected, ILC has been reported to be more aggressive in nature compared to IDC. Expression of nm23 protein was observed in normal breast tissues in 85.7% of cases with strong staining intensity observed in only 16.7% cases. In two tissue cores it was clear that normal breast had much weaker or negative staining compared to adjacent lobular cancer cells. These results suggest nm23 expression increases in intensity in breast cancer compared to normal breast. Usually normal breast tissue expresses nm23 at baseline level in contrast to the strong expression which may reflect abnormal accumulation of nm23 (may be the altered form which is functionally inactive but resistant to degradation) in the early phases of cancer genesis.
In this study we observed a similar percentage of cases with positive staining for nm23 in normal breast tissue, node negative IDC as well as with lymph node metastasis with notable exception ILC. This suggests a relationship between a down regulation of nm23 expression and ILC. It may be possible that, other pathways are involved in progression of metastatic IDC.
However, nuclear staining together with cytoplasmic staining was observed in cancer cells in 6/122 (4.9%) of IDC node negative cases, 2/41 (4.8%) of ILC node negative cases, 9/37 (24.3%) of IDC node positive cases and 7/37 (18.9%) in matched lymph node metastasis cases. These results indicate that nuclear localization of nm23 protein is seen more frequently in node positive metastatic cases compared with IDC or ILC node negative cases, suggesting that abnormal nuclear accumulation of nm23 may provide an indication of tumor progression. We cannot be sure whether this nuclear accumulation is due to altered (mutated or truncated form) nm23 with different half-life as up-regulation of nm23 expression is unusual in at least metastatic carcinoma considering its role as tumor suppressor. However, this requires to be proven.
In conclusion nm23 protein expression appears expressed widely in normal breast, early and advanced stages of breast cancer, predominantly in ductal carcinoma. It suggests a less significance of nm23 induced pathway of tumor suppression. While, in addition, abnormal cytoplasmic and nuclear localization of this protein in node positive and metastatic cases suggest a possible role of altered nm23 which is functionally inactive with longer half-life. However, this study indicates a complex role of nm23 in breast cancer of different types and in metastatic stages and may not solely function as tumor suppressor as commonly perceive. A larger study with more ILC and metastatic cases may clarify the role and function of nm23 in breast cancer.
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
Infiltrating lobular carcinoma.
Ember CR, Ember M: Encylopedia of Medical Anthropology: Health and Illness in the World's Cultures Topics. 2004, Springer, 10-44.
Sara Rosenthal M: Stopping Cancer at the Source. 2001, Trafford Publishing, 10-22.
Miley WM: The Psychology of Well Being. Praeger/Greenwood. 1999, 190-210.
Ginex PK, Frazzitta BL, Bains MS, Hanson J: 100 Questions & Answers about Esophageal Cancer. 2005, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2-12.
Oakley A: Essays on Women, Medicine and Health. 1993, Edinburgh University Press, 189-200.
Lim GCC, Halimah Y, Lim TO: First Report of the National Cancer Registry: Cancer Incidence in Malaysia 2002. Kuala Lumpur: National Cancer Registry. 2003
Hassanien A: Fuzzy rough sets hybrid scheme for breast cancer detection. Image and vision computing. 2007, 25: 172-183. 10.1016/j.imavis.2006.01.026.
United StatesCongress, Office of Technology Assessment: Identifying Health Technologies That Work: searching for evidence. 1994, DIANE Publishing, 92-200.
Barro S, Marín R: Fuzzy Logic in Medicine. 2002, Springer, 36-40.
Corner J, Bailey CD: Cancer Nursing: Care in Context. 2002, Blackwell Publishing, 140-155.
Kamby C: The pattern of metastasis in human breast cancer-methodological aspect and influence of prognostic factor. Cancer Treat Rev. 1990, 17: 37-61. 10.1016/0305-7372(90)90075-Q.
Joseph T, Dipiro , Terry L, Hamilton SCW, Wells BG: Pharmacotherapy Handbook. 2005, McGraw – Hill Professional, 610-620.
Warfield CA, Bajwa ZH: Principles & Practice of Pain Management. 2004, McGraw-Hill Professional, 450-460.
Kim R, Asaki A, Toge T: Current and future role of new adjuvant chemotherapy in operable breast cancer. Clinical breast cancer. 2005, 6 (3): 223-32.
Chen SL, Wu YS, Shieh HY, Yen CC, Shen JJ, Lin KH: p35 is a regulator of the metastasis suppressor gene nm23-H. Mol Carcinog. 2003, 36 (4): 204-214. 10.1002/mc.10110.
Martinez JA, Prevot S, Nordlinger B, Nguyen TM, Lacarriere Y, Munier A, Lascu I, Vaillant JC, Capeau J, Lacombe ML: Overexpression of nm23-H1 and nm23-H2 genes in colorectal carcinomas and loss of nm23-H1 expression in advanced tumor stages. Gut. 1995, 37 (5): 712-720. 10.1136/gut.37.5.712.
Belev B, Aleric I, Vrbanec D, Petrovecki M, Unusic J, Jakic-Razumovic J: nm23 gene product expression in invasive breast cancer-immunohistochemical analysis and clinicopahtological correlation. Acta Oncol. 2002, 41 (4): 355-361. 10.1080/028418602760169406.
Mao H, Liu H, Fu X, Fang Z, Abrams J, Worsham MJ: Loss of nm23 expression predicts distal metastasis and poorer survival for breast cancer. Int J Oncol. 2001, 18 (3): 387-391.
Ozeki Y, Takishima K, Mamiya G: Immunohistochemical analysis of nm23/NDP kinase expression in human lung adenocarcinoma: association with tumor progression in Clara cell type. Jpn J Cancer Res. 1994, 85 (8): 840-846.
Engel M, Theisinger B, Seib T, Seitz G, Huwer H, Zang KD: High levels of nm23-H1 and nm23- H2 messenger RNA in human squamous-cell lung carcinoma are associated with poor differentiation and advanced tumor stages. Int J Cancer. 1993, 55: 375-9. 10.1002/ijc.2910550306.
Gazzeri S, Brambilla E, Negoescu A, Thoraval D, Veron M, Moro D: Overexpression of nucleoside diphosphate/kinase A/nm23-H1 in human lung tumors: association with tumor progression in squamous carcinoma. Lab Invest. 1996, 74: 158-67.
Nakamori S, Ishikawa O, Ohhigashi H, Kameyama M, Furukawa H, Sasaki Y: Expression of nucleoside diphosphate kinase/nm23 gene product in human pancreatic cancer: an association with lymph node metastasis and tumor invasion. Clin Exp Metastasis. 1993, 11: 151-8. 10.1007/BF00114973.
Steeg PS, Bevilacqua G, Kopper L, Thorgeirsson UP, Talmadge JE, Liotta LA: Evidence for a novel gene associated with low tumour metastatic potential. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1988, 80: 200-4. 10.1093/jnci/80.3.200.
Hirayama R, Sawai S, Takagi Y, Mishima Y, Kimura N, Shimada N: Positive relationship between expression of anti-metastatic factor (nm23 gene product or nucleoside diphosphate kinase) and good prognosis in human breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1991, 83: 1249-50. 10.1093/jnci/83.17.1249.
Tokunaga Y, Urano T, Furukawea K, Kondo H, Kanematsu T, Shiku H: Reduced expression of nm23/NDP kinase-h1, but not nm23/NDP kinase-h2, is concordant with the frequency of lymph-node metastasis of human breast cancer. Int J Cancer. 1993, 55: 66-71. 10.1002/ijc.2910550113.
Xerri L, Grob JJ, Battyani Z, Gouvernet J, Hassoun J, Bonerandi JJ: nm23 expression in metastasis of malignant melanoma is a predictive prognostic parameter correlated with survival. Br J Cancer. 1994, 70: 1224-8.
Yamaguchi A, Urano T, Goi T, Takeuchi K, Niimoto S, Nakagawara G: Expression of human nm23-H1 and nm23-H2 proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer. 1994, 73: 2280-4. 10.1002/1097-0142(19940501)73:9<2280::AID-CNCR2820730908>3.0.CO;2-3.
Campo E, Miquel R, Jares P, Bosch F, Juan M, Leone A: Prognostic significance of the loss of heterozygosity of nm23-H1 and p53 genes in human colorectal carcinomas. Cancer. 1994, 73: 2913-21. 10.1002/1097-0142(19940615)73:12<2913::AID-CNCR2820731207>3.0.CO;2-L.
Royds JA, Rees RC, Stephenson TJ: nm23: a metastasis suppressor gene?. J Pathol. 1994, 173: 211-2. 10.1002/path.1711730302.
Han S, Yun IJ, Noh DY: Abnormal expression of four novel molecular markers represents a highly aggressive phenotype in breast cancer. Immunohistochemical assay of p53, nm23, erbB-2, and cathepsin D protein. J Surg Oncol. 1997, 65: 22-27. 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9098(199705)65:1<22::AID-JSO5>3.0.CO;2-Q.
Bevilaqua G, Sobel M, Liotta L, Steeg P: Association of low nm23 RNA levels in human primary infiltrating ductal breast carcinomas with high lymph node involvement and other histopathological indicators of high metastatic potential. Cancer Res. 1989, 49: 5185-5190.
Hennessy C, Henry J, May F: Expression of the antimetastatic gene nm23 in human breast cancer: an association with good prognosis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1991, 83: 281-285. 10.1093/jnci/83.4.281.
Bertheau P, Steinberg SM, Merino MJ: C-erb B-2, p53, and nm23 gene product expression in breast cancer in young women: immunohistochemical analysis and clinicopathologic correlation. Hum Pathol. 1998, 29: 323-329. 10.1016/S0046-8177(98)90111-3.
I would like to thank Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI) for financial assistance and use of laboratory facilities. Also I'd like to extend my thanks to the AMDI diagnostic laboratory staff especially Puan Mariam Azmi and Encik Yahaya Osman for their technical expertise. Finally I'd like to thank all of my family for their support in happiness and sorrow.
NII carried out Immunohistochemical part of the study and lab work, participated in drafting the manuscript. GK carried out the pathological part of the study, participated in drafting the manuscript. HH performed the statistical analysis. MSH initiated the project, participated in drafting the manuscript. All authors read and approved this manuscript.
About this article
Cite this article
Ismail, N.I., Kaur, G., Hashim, H. et al. Nuclear localization and intensity of staining of nm23 protein is useful marker for breast cancer progression. Cancer Cell Int 8, 6 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2867-8-6
- Breast Cancer
- Normal Breast Tissue
- Tissue Core
- Infiltrate Ductal Carcinoma
- Node Negative Breast Cancer Patient
|
<urn:uuid:d11443ce-17b0-4976-afa4-1f5458b95580>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://cancerci.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-2867-8-6
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00278.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.885056
| 5,637
| 1.773438
| 2
|
Syrian president Bashar al-Assad slammed President Obama and again denied his government’s role in a chemical attack against civilians in an interview Monday with the French newspaper Le Figaro.
Obama recently decided to seek authorization for military invention in Syria from Congress. Seventy-nine percent of Americans, including 90 percent of Republicans, said last week that they believed Obama should seek congressional approval for intervention, according to an NBC News poll.
In the interview, al-Assad challenged Obama and French president Francois Hollande to present evidence that the Syrian government, which is engaged in a civil war against various rebel groups, used chemical weapons against civilians in a Damascus suburb August 21, killing 1,426 people, including children.
The White House claims that al-Assad’s military was responsible for the attack, which violated the Obama administration’s “red line” and an international norm barring the use of chemical weapons. Hollande pledged to support a U.S. intervention.
“Those who make accusations must show evidence. We have challenged the United States and France to come up with a single piece of proof. Obama and Hollande have been incapable of doing so,” al-Assad said.
al-Assad said that U.S. military intervention could have disastrous consequences for the region.
“We shouldn’t just talk about a Syrian response, but what will happen after the first strike. Everybody will lose control of the situation when the powder keg blows. There is a risk of a regional war,” al-Assad said.
“We are fighting terrorists. 80-90% of those we are fighting belong to al-Qaeda. They are not interested in reform or in politics. The only way to deal with them is to annihilate them,” al-Assad said in the interview.
Obama told Republican Sen. John McCain in a private White House meeting Monday that his administration plans to “upgrade the capabilities” of the rebel Free Syrian Army by sending new advanced weapons, according to McCain.
|
<urn:uuid:30869f69-1e1c-44be-8738-efa490f49f40>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://dailycaller.com/2013/09/03/assad-obama-is-weak/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00404-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.957486
| 417
| 1.734375
| 2
|
Prose & Poetry - The Story of John McCrae
John McCrae is the author of the famed poem, In Flanders Field, written during the First World War.
John was born in 1872 and raised in Guelph, Ontario and is remembered as one of Guelph's most famous sons.
McCrae was more than a poet, and was in fact a doctor, soldier, author and artist.
The paternal grandparents of John McCrae, Thomas and Jean (nee Campbell) emigrated to Canada from Scotland in 1849 and settled in Guelph. Their son David married Janet Eckford and they had three children; Thomas (1870), John (1872) and Geills (1878).
John's early education was received in Guelph, first at Central Public School and subsequently at Guelph Collegiate Institute.
While at Guelph Collegiate, John joined the Highland Cadet Corps which was affiliated with the school.
One year later, at the age of 15, McCrae became a bugler in the local militia regiment of artillery commanded by his father. He later joined this same regiment as a gunner.
At the age of 16, John was awarded a scholarship to the University of Toronto (left photo) due to his academic achievement at Guelph Collegiate. McCrae attended classes at the University of Toronto until 1892-3, when he took a year off his studies due to recurring problems with asthma. During this break from university John was a resident master in English and Mathematics at the Ontario Agricultural College (O.A.C.) in Guelph.
After returning to Toronto and completing his B.A., John
commenced studies in medicine at the University of Toronto and did a medical
residency at the Garrett Hospital, a Maryland children's convalescent home.
While at university, John maintained his military ties with the No. 2 Battery in Guelph. He remained a member of the Guelph militia regiment and was promoted several times, finally making the rank of Lieutenant. At the same time he was also involved with a Toronto militia, the Queen's Own Rifles, in which he rose to the rank of Captain and commanded the company.
It was also while John was still at University that some of his early poems were first published.
Although McCrae is widely known as a poet, his literary efforts were not confined to one genre.
While at university he also had some of his short stories published and he later went on to write scientific articles and medical textbooks. As well as his literary efforts, John dabbled in the visual arts, making numerous sketches throughout his life.
John McCrae graduated at the top of his class in medicine at the University of Toronto, and in 1899 was awarded a fellowship in pathology to McGill University in Montreal. This award coincided with the start of the Boer War (1899-1902) and John put off accepting the fellowship in order to go to South Africa with the artillery. McCrae left for South Africa in 1900 in command of the left section of D Battery of the Royal Canadian Artillery attached to the Second Canadian Contingent. This contingent returned to Canada in 1901 after participating in several major campaigns. With his return McCrae accepted the fellowship at McGill, which he completed in 1905.
While still working on this fellowship, McCrae was appointed special professor in pathology at the University of Vermont, a position he held until 1911.
During this time he was also appointed an associate of medicine at the Royal Victoria Hospital in Montreal and was a lecturer in pathology and medicine at McGill University. After completing the fellowship McCrae was employed as a pathologist at Montreal General Hospital and as a physician at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Infectious Diseases, also in Montreal.
In 1910, Lord Grey, then Governor General of Canada, undertook an expedition by canoe from Lake Winnipeg to Hudson's Bay. John McCrae accompanied this voyage as expedition doctor.
When the first World War began in 1914, McCrae again offered his services to the military. He was conditionally offered the position of Brigade Surgeon in the First Brigade of Canadian Field Artillery by E.W.B. Morrison, the brigade commander and a friend of McCrae.
McCrae was formally confirmed in this position in the fall of 1914. While Brigade Surgeon, John was responsible for a field dressing station at the front and treated those wounded during the Second Battle of Ypres (Ieper) in the spring of 1915. As well as performing his duties as surgeon, he also served on the guns when needed and occasionally performed burial services.
It was after performing the service for a friend, Alexis Helmer, that McCrae was inspired to write In Flanders Fields. The poem was written May 3, 1915 and first published in Punch that same year.
In the summer of 1915, McCrae was transferred from the artillery Brigade to the Number 3 Canadian General Hospital in France, where he was second in command of medical services. During McCrae's time there, the Number 3 Hospital received a visit from Queen Mary, who toured the hospital. McCrae disliked these official visits as he felt they detracted from the real work of the hospital.
While still at this hospital in January 1918, McCrae became ill with pneumonia, which was soon complicated by meningitis.
Four days before he died, he was honoured by being the first Canadian appointed as consulting physician to the First British Army. John McCrae died on 28 January 1918, and was buried with military honours at Wimereaux Cemetery in France. At McCrae's funeral procession, 75 nursing sisters stood by to watch and McCrae's horse, Bonfire, wore his master's boots backwards in military tradition.
Article contributed by John Peddie, website Guelph Museums - McCrae House.
French tanks were used for the first time in battle on 17 April 1917, when the 'Char Schneider' (as they were known) was used during the Second Battle of the Aisne.
- Did you know?
|
<urn:uuid:b70c97ec-5244-4a42-829d-c2415f2850d3>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://firstworldwar.com/poetsandprose/mccrae_story.htm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00247-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.98954
| 1,267
| 2.625
| 3
|
Date of Award
Master of Design (MDes)
College departments are constantly changing communities. Whether its new students entering the department or seniors who are graduating and moving onto their next phase of life. This constant movement makes the experience of building a community difficult, and makes the process of establishing social networks complicated and inefficient.
College departments should look to encourage and help build meaningful relationship amongst peers while they are part of the community, in order to create lasting bonds, diverse social networks, and potential future resources. This project aims to provide ideas through the means of a toolkit, that departments can use to create community.
Diaz Delgado, Juliana, "Adding Dimension: Ideas for building meaningful & broader social network within academic departments" (2011). Theses. Paper 10.
|
<urn:uuid:a33c3ce7-bff6-4b60-8c92-3bfabd328187>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://repository.cmu.edu/theses/10/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00196-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.894147
| 158
| 1.703125
| 2
|
The MBA Management Accounting concentration is designed to prepare students with the competencies necessary to excel in professional positions that require a high level of comfort with accounting and finance, such as chief financial officers, controllers, financial analysts, budget analysts or directors. More specifically, the students will develop an extensive understanding of management accounting concepts, cost accounting, accounting research practices, activity-based costing as an aid to making decisions, profit planning, budget forecasting and preparation, and broaden their leadership skills. In acquiring skills for leading the CFO function within a variety of organizational structures, this concentration will develop student knowledge of financial planning, financial analysis, control mechanisms, decision-making, and professional ethics.
|Course Requirements||12 cr.|
|MBA 510||Accounting Research and Analysis||3 cr.|
|MBA 613||Understanding Auditing and Control Mechanisms||3 cr.|
|MBA 617||Advanced Managerial Accounting Issues||3 cr.|
|MBA 626||Management Accounting Leadership - Role of the Chief Financial Officer||3 cr.|
|
<urn:uuid:95ab6652-81ce-43bb-8010-f4af34816a96>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.park.edu/academics/academic-programs/graduate-programs/master-of-business-administration/mba-concentrations/management-accounting.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00399-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.881362
| 218
| 1.8125
| 2
|
The renewed effort has been kicked off with gold code: Art (2010) by Vagner Mendonca Whitehead (image above). A Brazilian, the artist is based in Detroit and teaches new media at Oakland University. According to the artist's statement, gold code Art explores the interface between mass communication and art, cultural productions that were once considered diametrically opposed to one another. As if to foreground the residue of that opposition, the artist presents the word "art" spelled out on the one hand in American Sign Language (a visual form of communication for those who can't hear) and on the other Morse code (which is meant to be heard not seen). A third element is added at the bottom in the form of Braille, which is decoded by touch.
The various elements and the way they communicate or don't, depending on your ability to understand them, invokes what communications theorists call reception theory. Basically, the critics of the mass culture/high culture divide (which included Clement Greenberg, Dwight McDonald, and Harold Rosenberg in America and the Frankfurt School, most notably Theodor W. Adorno and Max Horkheimer in Europe) saw mass media as permeated with the power of encoding, primarily for the benefit of the ruling class. (The conventional understanding of the time was expressed in Harold Laswell's equation: "Who says what to whom in what channel to what effect?," which only acknowledged the production side.) From that perspective, art represented true culture, that which constituted respite from the ersatz swill of the dreaded "culture industry."
But reception theory, emerging as part of the postmodern turn in the 1970s, factored in a middle ground, negotiation, which allowed for another kind of human agency: the ability to redirect dominant communications toward one's own ends. (In literature this is known as "reader response.") This position has been used by popular culture scholars, like Dick Hebdige and Angela McRobbie, to explore how punks, for example, appropriated safety pins as jewelry and steel-toed work boots as fashion footwear. Another example would the hip-hop appropriations of preppy styles.
For Whitehead, the process of encoding and decoding is slippery, continually done and undone, illumination for some, mystery for others. Art is as much imbued with these characteristics as any other form of communication. No better, no worse (as much as some artists may hate to hear that).
According to Darlene Carroll of the Lemberg Gallery, the Public Art Project is accepting proposals for additional artist's billboards. A set of criteria for proposals has been developed in part to make sure they comply with City of Ferndale signage regulations and also to help ensure that artists have the capacity to actually complete the project. The group is also working on funding to repair the physical site and even pay stipends. (That would be good as my project cost $800 out-of-pocket and I used every one of my then suit-guy connections to bring it in as cheaply as I could.) The current installation is supported in part by a grant from the Ferndale Community Arts program.
The billboard has a great history. At least six Kresge Arts in Detroit fellows, Harmut Austen, Lynne Avadenka, Susan Goethel Campbell, Lynn Crawford, Ed Fraga, and me, have done one. It's been featured in Dennis Nawrocki's book Art in Detroit Public Places and the catalog for the MassMOCA exhibition, "Billboard: Art on the Road: 30 Years of Artists Billboards." Whitehead's addition is a good one. Here's to many more.
Vagner Mendonca Whitehead's gold code: Art will be on view at the Public Art Project, Woodward Avenue at Maplehurst in Ferndale until September. Call 248 591 6623 for information.
|
<urn:uuid:b7cc1e42-db5e-4288-8f00-a15770ca46f3>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://motownreviewofart.blogspot.com/2010/07/cutting-through-clutter-with-art.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00037-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.963041
| 792
| 2.15625
| 2
|
by Gary Berwick, P.Eng., Quality Air Management
*** A note from the Editor: As bizarre as it sounds, dust explosion is a very real danger for manufacturers – particularly manufacturers dealing with powder bulk solids. In one incident alone last year, 14 workers at Imperial Sugar plant died in a sudden dust explosion, and MSNBC reports that “more than 300 dust explosions have killed more than 120 workers in grain silos, sugar plants and food processing plants over the past three decades”. John Bresland from the Chemical Safety Board makes a plea to OSHA to lay down rules on comprehensive dust safety standards for manufacturers in this video. I hope you will take a moment to review Mr. Berwick’s article below, which gives an in-depth look at preventing these dangerous fires in your facility. – Marjorie ***
Part 1 – Explosions in dust collectors
Dust explosions are possible whenever the process produces combustible dusts. Not all combustible dusts will produce explosions. For instance, even combustible dusts may not have the characteristics to produce an explosion. A coarse combustible dust such as coal may burn well but not explode depending on how fine the dust is. To produce a conflagration the dust must have a sufficient ratio of surface area to weight to sustain the rapid oxidation for creating and sustaining an explosion. When a dust can sustain an explosion, the dust concentration must be within the explosive limits. These are often defined as:
L.E.L. (Lower Explosive Limit): Below this level of concentration, an explosion will not occur and propagate itself. There is not enough concentration of fuel to allow the flame front to grow. A typical range of values would be 20-30 grains/ cubic foot.
U.E.L. (Upper Explosive Limit): Above this limit the concentration of dust is so high that there is insufficient oxygen to oxidize the fuel and the unburned fuel stops the spread of the flame front.
Ignition of the dust depends on several factors
(1) Chemical Composition
(2) Shape and fineness, briefly described above.
(3) Dust distribution in the gas stream or atmosphere
(4) Concentration of oxygen in the gas stream.
(5) Initial temperature and pressure of the gas.
(6) Energy level available to detonate the explosion
Intensity of the explosion is dependent on the rate of pressure rise and maximum pressure developed. Factory Mutual ran lab tests to determine these values and are contained in their publications. It must be pointed out these tests and values are run with a spherical test chamber with power ignition source in the center of the sphere. These numbers are relatively high when referring to explosions in a dust collector housing, because the bags usually obstruct the expansion of the explosive flame front.
Limiting exposure to hazards
A) Eliminate ignition sources. One source of ignition is sparks, often produced in the hoods venting processing machines. Sometimes the machinery can be modified to prevent spark generation. Another method is to install spark suppressors prior to the dust-laden gas entering a dust collector. For sparks to be carried along to the collector the flow must be laminar. Most dust collection ductwork is deliberately designed to operate with laminar (smooth) flow to reduce pressure drop but laminar flow produces a system that is an excellent vehicle to send sparks into a dust collector. Recently, there are offered some excellent designs of spark coolers that turn laminar flow into turbulent flow for very short distances then revert back to laminar flow. These devices require pressure drops of less than one inch water column and are easily installed. An automatic self cleaning device for these spark suppressors is available.
B) Isolate Operations. The collectors may be located outdoors or away from the main production areas.
C) Introduce inerting systems. Inert dust can be introduced into the system so that the lower explosive limit of the dust mixture can be eliminated therefore the mixture will not explode. This is especially effective where the dust concentration is very low. As an example, if we have a fume dust with loading of 1 grain per thousand cubic feet of gas which is combustible, and the system has 25,000 CFM, adding an inert dust at double that load to prevent it from burning would require:
25,000 CFM x 2 gr./ 1000 CFM x 60 min./hr x 8 hrs/shift =24,000 gr./shift
24,000 gr./shift divided by7000 grains/ lb. = 3.4 lb./shift.
The other possibility is to mix the gas with another gas stream that may have the oxygen already oxidized as with a combustion process.
D) Explosion Vents. can be provided on ducts and on the collector housings. These vents must be directed either outdoors or to an area where the explosion can be safely dissipated.
E) Changes in Design of collectors. The collectors can be braced to withstand higher pressures so the explosion venting is more effective. Cylindrical collectors are more resistant to damage then rectangular collectors but rectangular units can be braced to withstand higher explosive pressures. Grounded bags are often supplied to drain off the static electricity charge that is a possible source of ignition. Grounded bags can provide a false sense of security to the operator and designers. Most often the dust that holds a charge insulates the static charge from the media. When the filter element is cleaned, sparks can be generated.
F) Changes in operation of electrical controls; Referring to figure 1, which is a view if a cylindrical bag in a Pulse jet collector.
The bag is the cylinder between the two dark hollow sections of cylinders. When the bag is cleaned a small volume of dirty air is propelled from the bags and extends a fraction of an inch between the bags. This forms a hollow cylinder of dust laden agglomerated dust. It is this hollow cylinder which is possibly between the LEL and UEL. Even if a source of ignition occurs from static charges the volume of the collector housing between these limits is usually less than 3% of the housing volume so the explosion would dissipate itself and cause no further damage. In investigating explosions in dust collection systems, there have been no verifiable explosions where the explosion was started from inside the collector from sparks while there was on line cleaning in the collector.
G) Sources of detonations. In pulse jet cleaning collectors which experience explosions are as follows:
a) An explosion front traveling through the duct and enters the collector and dislodges the dust from the bags and then a secondary explosion occurs as the dust concentration in the housing goes between the LEL and UEL. An explosion can occur in the collector. Some methods to reduce this danger are to use smooth finish bags where residual dust on the outside of the bags is reduced. Egg shell bag finishes are a good selection. Another approach is to use laminated TEFE bags.
b) Off- line cleaning (in which the fan is shut down) increases an explosion hazard. If the collector is to be cleaned off-line with hazardous dust, the cleaning should be operated very slowly, with perhaps 3-6 minutes between pulsing a single row of bags. This will diminish the chances of the dust cloud passing through the LEL and UEL.
c) Hopper fires can occur if the hopper is not cleaned out before de-energizing the fan. These can be difficult to deal with. If a hopper door is opened an explosion can occur. There have been cases where operating personnel have tried to put out a hopper fire with a hose. The water stream agitated dust and formed a cloud of dust that passed between the LEL and UEL and the fire in the hopper provided a detonation source and serious explosions have occurred in the hopper. The best approach is to inject inert gas into the collector and allow it to cool below ignition temperatures before doing anything.
Explosion hazards in other Dust Collectors
Mechanical shaker collectors are inherently more hazardous than cylindrical bag collectors. These collectors are cleaned off-line with no gas flow. There is always a potion of the collector which will pass through the LEL and UEL. Often the whole collector will pass through the limits during cleaning. The main approach to reducing the risk is to be careful to limit the sources of detonation when cleaning. Grounded bags are always recommended when explosive dusts are collected. Another approach is to use many small collectors instead of a central system. As discussed before, placing collectors outdoors is an option.
Pulse Jet Cartridge (Pleated filter element) Collectors are more and more of a selection in dust collector systems. When pleated filter elements were first introduced, they made the incorrect assumption that the main criterion was the filter ratio. While it is a criterion it is only one factor. A more important factor was the fact that a certain cleaning jet can only clean a fixed area of media. The rest of the area is plugged and it holds a lot of dust. This was discussed in lesson 14 (History of Cartridge Collectors). When it comes to explosion and fire hazards this plugged media contributes a lot of dust to fuel a fire or explosion if one is initiated. Some newer designs with pleated elements run at higher filter ratios and diminish the hazard by a wide margin.
Part 2; FIRES
As we discussed above some combustible dusts, may not have a LEL in any concentration of dust in a process gas stream. However fires can occur in ducts and in a dust collector. Fires in ducts are usually a result of poor duct design so that dust drops out in ducts.
Fires can occur in exhaust ducts as well as inside dust collectors. Requirements of fires or any combustion process are: a) Fuel, in gas liquid or solid form. b) Oxygen (Atmosphere consists of 20 per cent oxygen) c) Fuel must be raised to the ignition temperature to start burning.
Sources of ignition include: Overheating of coils, motors, Friction, spontaneous combustion, static discharge, burning debris drawn into the vent system.
Spontaneous combustion occurs when dust slowly oxidizes in a collector or in any accumulated pile. The fuel oxidizes very slowly but the fuel is insulated by the dust. A “hot spot “develops. When the collector flow is resumed or the dust pile is agitated it often acts like a spark to ignite the dust (fuel).
Static discharge- Generally speaking static built up in a collector is reduced or eliminated by the jet cleaning system. The jet cleaning action dissipates most charge build up on the surface of the bags.
Burning debris drawn into the exhaust system can be a source of ignition.
Transport of sparks through ducts. Referring to the sketch below, there is a glowing ember surrounded by some hot air which gives the sparks buoyancy. This spark and the hot gas associated with the spark can travel hundreds of feet in a duct. The ductwork is designed to give laminar (smooth ) flow. This is illustrated on the left. Spark suppressors are placed in the duct to change the flow to turbulent (coarse) flow, as shown on the right. This agitation or turbulence strips the air from around the ember removes the fuel (oxygen), therefore extinguishing and cooling the spark below ignition temperature.
Prevention depends on eliminating the causes of ignition. Spark traps can change laminar to turbulent flow and extinguish any sparks in a duct. Design for proper dust transport velocities. Install pneumatic actuated duct booster to flush dust into dust collector. Use air jets to remove electrostatic charges on the duct surfaces.
Spontaneous combustion in Pulse Jet Collectors can be prevented by pulsing the collector when the system is idle. This cools off the hot spots. For instance, brass furnace fires can be prevented by pulsing the collector every hour when the fan is not running.
Putting out fires can be accomplished by one of the following approaches: Cooling below ignition temperature, cutting off fuel supply, cutting off oxygen supply.
Water Hose and nozzles. This is an attempt to cool the solid fuels below the ignition temperature and to cut off the flow of oxygen to the fuel. It also takes away heat by turning water into steam. To boil one pound of water consumes over a 1000 BTU raising temperature of water by 200 degrees takes away less than 250 calories per pound. The steam generated can cause serious injury or death. The steam also displaces the oxygen in the air making it lethal but will often act as an inert gas to prevent oxygen from reaching the combustibles. Many dust collectors are equipped with spray nozzles. The hoppers should have automatic drains to prevent the water from doing structural damage. A 10 ft by10 ft collector with ten foot long filter bags can accumulate 40 tons of water if the sprays are not shut down or drained after the fire is extinguished.
Inert gas systems such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen gas are sometimes provided. Usually fire dampers will be provided to contain the inert gases. This will cut off the supply of oxygen to the fuel (dust and media)
Fan Operation during a Fire. Whether to shut down a fan on a dust collector because of fire can be a difficult decision especially, if the collector is vented outside. Often, collectors are ignited at night and the smoke is not detected. The next morning the dust collector is virtually intact except the bags and dust have been consumed. For example a 10,000 SCFM collector removes heat at the following rate with inlet temperature of 100 deg. F. and various outlet temperatures:
OUTLET deg F. BTU/hr
With 1000 sq. ft. of cloth, the cloth would weigh about 100 lb and the dust about 50lb. If we assume a heat of combustion of 5,200 btu per lb, the BTU generated in a fire for this collector would be 780,000 btu. If we assume an outlet temperature of 450 degrees, it would take 30 minutes to burn itself out and the collector would probably not have damage to the tube sheet or cages. If the fan were turned off, immediately the temperatures would easily reach 1250 degrees and smolder for hours and the tube sheet and cages would be destroyed.
If the gas stream was re-circulated the decision is of course to shut down the fan.
Other fire extinguishing systems. Manual Fire extinguishers are usually either inert gas like carbon dioxide or inert powders. The gas extinguishers usually cool and put a layer of inert gas between the fuel and the flame. The manual gas extinguishers should not be operated through doors of the dust collectors as the displaced gases can be vented out through the access doors. The other manual extinguishers usually spray powder into the flames. They are not suitable to spray through access doors.
|
<urn:uuid:5e900425-9121-4f65-971e-2eaccc473c79>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://blog.iqsdirectory.com/plant-facility/explosions-and-fires-in-dust-collectors/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00264-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.92606
| 3,055
| 3.4375
| 3
|
Character death is a highly likely possibility. It’s recommended that you play as multiple characters, or have backup characters in case your main dies. This will be a long term roleplay. Please consider that when joining. From The Other Side ”Just as everything has a beginning, so does everything have an end.” -Alice The Parallel In a space separate from ours, there exists another world just like ours. It is a place none from our own world have ever ventured to, nor even know of it’s existence. A place where the sky is always a deep orangish-red, much like that seen during a sunset. As to be expected of a world parallel to our own, it contains all that our own does. A North America, a South America, an Asia, a Europe… Even the animals and plants that we love so dearly are present here. There are, however, various differences that exist in this parallel world. The governments, the large world population, and the people who reside there themselves… There is no United States of America for them. Only a template of what the United States of America is. Alongside that, there are much fewer inhabitants of this world than there are in our own world. Perhaps the biggest difference lies in the people themselves. Oh, these people are something quite special, The Inhabitants The people of this parallel world have no idea where they came from. All they know is that they existed since the birth of the Earth itself. Even before the Earth’s first humans, who this parallel’s inhabitants resemble exactly, they were there. How an inhabitant comes into existence is still a mystery. From what has been seen, one simply appears there, with enough knowledge to function and operate. Just like humans, they needed food, water, air, and shelter - and just like humans, they could die. Unlike Earth’s residents, however, the parallel’s inhabitants became aware of their world’s existence as the Earth’s alternate. This knowledge was gained using exactly what a makes these beings so unique and special - their abilities. Those that reside in this parallel world wield a variety of different abilities. Some can control fire, some can increase the growth rate of vegetation - some can even bend time and space itself. Much like the inhabitants themselves, where these abilities came from is a mystery. It was thanks to an ability to travel between the worlds that Earth was discovered. It was this same ability that revealed one certain shocking truth about the two worlds… The Earthly Reflection Over the years, some of the inhabitants began doing “evil” things. Destroying various buildings and greenery, they developed an addiction to destruction. Those who believed these actions to be wrong were quick to put a stop to the actions of the “wicked”. However, while the one currently with the ability to travel between worlds was on a visit to Earth, he noticed that the same buildings destroyed in their world were also destroyed on Earth. Testing their theory on old abandoned buildings in their world, they came to discover that damage done to this world was reflected on Earth; their worlds were connected to one another as more than just “twins”. Upon making this discovery, many chose to use their abilities to defend their world as well as they could. They knew that should their world or the Earth perish, the other would perish as well. Unfortunately, there were also those who would wish to see both completely destroyed. What bred such evil desires was as much a mystery as anything else. Much like they did before, those who believed in what was held to be “right” dealt with those who didn’t. Those who wished to do “evil” weren’t the only threat to the balance between the two worlds. Aberrations Throughout this parallel world, there exist aberrations. One might call them monsters, or demons. They don’t resemble anything seen on Earth anyway. They only appeared within the past couple hundred thousand years. Like everything else, no one seems to know where these “monsters” came from, or why they’re so intent on destroying the parallel world. These aberrations range in both size and intelligence. Some of them are huge, while others are miniscule in size. Some are very low in intellect, and some of them surpass the intelligence of even humans. Regardless of this, none of the monsters seem to know of Earth or their effect on it, and even the ones with enough intellect have little knowledge to offer. All the same, it is the self-appointed duty of the inhabitants to take care of these monsters when they appear. Since their first appearance, many variations and new types have shown themselves. As of yet, all the ones they’ve encountered have known ways of being dealt with. What enemies will show up in the future, and whether or not they’ll be able to handle them, is yet to be seen. Nejire As of recent, an organization of inhabitants calling themselves “Nejire” has surfaced. While their leader is unknown, it is known that anything the organization is up to is no good. They often ignore aberration attacks and offer no assistance to those who don’t. Some of them even cause trouble for those fighting the monsters, or they even start attacking the environment themselves. While not a major threat as of the present, the lack of information regarding their motif is something that is a cause for worry, and many of the inhabitants have their eyes on possible members. Your Part Your part in this is as one of the inhabitants. Whether you’re a veteran or an incomer (term used to those who’ve recently entered the Parallel) is up to you. Likewise, the choice to fight for world preservation, or to fight against it, is up to you. You could even be a member of Nejire if you so choose. What you do is up to you. The early part of this roleplay will focus on the day to day activity of the inhabitants, facing aberrations or causing trouble for those who do. As mentioned earlier, character death is very likely. If the only character you have is killed, you are free to create a new one. Likewise, you can simply create multiple characters from the start. After some time, the plot will start to unravel itself. A sort of arc system is in place, with the first one having its focus on the Nejire organization. There are many truths about the Parallel to be discovered and revealed. Hopefully you can come to uncover them before both worlds are laid to ruin. Rules 1. Follow all Iwaku rules. 2. No godmodding, plot bunnies, etc. 3. Keep IC drama IC drama, if you know what I mean. 4. Please ask me before doing anything that would have a world changing impact. There is a planned main plot, and I’d like to not deviate from it too much. 5. Please be active. You probably won’t be asked for more than a post a week on offtimes, but please try to be extra active if a fight is taking place and you’re in it. I’m understanding if things come up though, just let me know so we can work around it. 6. READ. You can easily be killed if you miss an important detail in this roleplay. Please be sure to read everything that anyone posts so you know what’s happening. If you’re unsure, ask that person to clarify what’s happening for you. 7. Please write to the best of your ability here. This roleplay will require a good amount of attention to detail. People reading your posts should be able to know exactly what’s going on, especially during a fight. 8. Get along and have fun! The most important goal of this roleplay is for everyone to have fun creating an epic story! Thank you! General Information and Character Sheets Once your character application is approved, you can jump into the IC as soon as I have it posted. Remember that multiple characters are permitted and encouraged! Character Sheet Name: Title (nickname): Time on Parallel (in years): Location (at RP start): Position (guard, ruler, etc.): Appearance (anime picture or two paragraph description): History (two paragraph minimum): Personality (one paragraph minimum): Feelings about Parallel (one paragraph): Abilities (in Ability - Description format): Current Characters Chaikit (Move your mouse to reveal the content) Chaikit (open) Chaikit (close) Gray (Move your mouse to reveal the content) Gray (open) Gray (close) Name: Gray Title (nickname): Null Time on Parallel (in years): 29 Location (at RP start): California, United States Position (guard, ruler, etc.): Self-appointed traveling guard Appearance (anime picture or two paragraph description): Gray can most often be seen wearing formal guard wear, which includes a sort of militaristic suit, black in color. He wears white gloves with this outfit, along with light, black boots. Unlike in the image above, his eyes are a dark gray, hence where he derives his name from. He carries a long sword on his person, with which he is quite skilled. Other than that, the only other item he carries with him all the time is a blank shred of paper. History (two paragraph minimum): Gray first appeared in Parallel in what would be counted as 1985 on Earth, in Parallel‘s version of the Mojave Desert. He came into it alone, having no idea where he was. After wandering for quite some time, he encountered an aberration for the first time, a Scythi. Right as the creature was about to run him through with its dual scythe claws, a burst of flame blasted it, causing it to stagger back in recoil. The male who’d launched the attack was quick to follow through. After some fighting, the beast literally just vanished into thin air. After making sure Gray was alright, the male introduced himself as Jack, aka Green Jacket (a title chosen based upon the green jacket he always donned). Grateful to his savior, Gray asked him how he could ever repay him. Soon after, Gray would be educated about the abilities he possessed. It was then that he and Jack became a team. Contrary to his expectations of someone so strong, Jack was a very cheerful, laidback person. Much more so than Gray would be once he learned of their situation. He was accepting of his duty as a defender of not only Parallel, but also Earth, but he was still a bit taken aback by it all. It would be some time before he was able to handle enemies as swiftly as he is now. Over the years, his personality molded from someone who could barely act on his instincts to someone who’d jump right into the fray. Together, he and Jack faced many aberrations, some new, some old, and they even encountered a few inhabitants who would wish only for destruction. Currently, he and Jack are traveling the expanse of California, dealing with aberrations wherever they may appear. Personality (one paragraph minimum): Gray is a very protective person. He’s still a bit naïve as a guard, but that’s to be expected of someone who’s only been in Parallel for such a relatively short time. One to do what he can, Gray has a soft side for new incomers and helps them out whenever possible. The male works best alongside Jack and isn’t quick to anger. Feelings about Parallel (one paragraph): Gray was taken greatly aback when he first arrived, and even more so when he encountered an aberration for the first time. Upon being saved by Jack and meeting other inhabitants, he’s come to grow fond of Parallel, even if it isn’t as “peaceful” as Earth supposedly is. He holds pride in his position as a guard and is happy to do what he can. At the same time, he’s most curious about many of Parallel’s remaining mysteries, including his own existence. Abilities (in Ability - Description format): Ability Nullification - By pointing at a target with his index finger, ability usage (such as healing or controlling fire, etc.) is nullified. The effect stops if the target moves away from where Gray is pointing. This ability works on both aberrations and other inhabitants. Using this ability requires great focus. As such, Gray can’t fight effectively while using it. Ability Detection - Using the shred of paper he carries (which he received from Jack), Gray can detect in which direction an ability is being used. The paper will bend towards the user. Swordplay - This ability enhances Gray’s agility and the force of his strikes. It can be used several times for a “stacked” effect, but the more times it’s used in succession, the greater the fatigue felt once it wears off. Lightning Magic - Gray can draw forth and control electricity. Weak bolts can be fired, and he is also able to infuse his sword with it. Dancing Lightning - A combination skill using both Swordplay and Lightning Magic. Gray’s agility and force are greatly enhanced, and he attacks the target with a barrage of lightning shaped strikes in great succession. Jack (Move your mouse to reveal the content) Jack (open) Jack (close) Name: Jack Title (nickname): Green Jacket Time on Parallel (in years): 79 Location (at RP start): California, United States Position (guard, ruler, etc.): Self-appointed traveling guard Appearance (anime picture or two paragraph description): Jack can always be seen wearing a casual dark green jacket (hence the title), and loose black pants. Unlike in the image, his eyes are rather a deep blue color. Much like Gray, he always carries a long sword and a shred of paper on his person. History (two paragraph minimum): Jack came into Parallel in France. He was quickly taken in by the other inhabitants and taught about his abilities. Not knowing anything for himself, he went along with what he was being taught. For the time being, they apparently proved to know more than he did. He slowly got used to things, but he was proving to be a slow learner. Unfortunately, he didn’t have much time to learn. World War II had recently started, and that meant a large increase in how many aberrations were appearing. Their numbers were thick in France, and he was sent out to fight, given only a long sword. First hand experience proved useful for the male. Through hard combat, he was able to become incredibly better with his abilities. Once the appearances finally died down, Jack had become a seasoned fighter. Not wishing to stay in one place, Jack decided to leave France after many years of serving there as a guard. He traveled much of Europe and experienced many outbursts of aberrations. After helping where he could, he decided it was time to travel overseas. After preparing and booking a flight, Jack made his way over to America, where he’d stay until the present. His existence was pretty routine after having arrived. He’d travel and take down aberrations, and he came to question his existence. This lead to him doing a lot of soul searching, wondering why he was here exactly and where he came from. Everyone he asked was just like him - they had no idea why or how they came into existence in this Parallel, or why Parallel itself even existed. Eventually, the male decided that if no one had concrete answers, he’d have to create his own answers. This was when he decided for himself that he’d exist cheerfully. Even though he lived in a world where no one physically aged and no one died unless killed, and even though most of their time was spent slaying aberrations, he knew that he’d only be happy if he acted like he was. Continuing his travels, Jack eventually made his way to the Mojave Desert in Arizona, where he would save his would-be best friend’s life. Seeing Gray as a newcomer to this world, he decided to take him in and educate him at the local school. Gray was a faster learner than Jack, but he was much more naïve. Even still, Jack did not falter in his positive outlook. Before long, Gray finally reached a level where Jack could truly view him as an equal partner. Not that he hadn’t before. They’d always been best friends, but it was relieving to know he could place his full trust, and his life, in Gray’s hands. He and Gray are currently traveling in California, fighting aberrations and helping incomers. Personality (one paragraph minimum): Jack is a cheerful, laidback person. He likes to have fun, and believes inhabitants should enjoy themselves whenever they can. That said, he still knows there is a time and place for exercising the mind and body. He trains daily to keep himself fit and ready to combat anything. Jack is one to put others before himself, but he also knows some sacrifices are unavoidable. Underneath his positive exterior, a troubled being still thirsts for the questions he so deeply wants answered. Feelings about Parallel (one paragraph): Jack has internally mixed feelings about Parallel. His outward act makes it seem as though he’s happy to be a part of it, and he is. But inwardly, there’s also a side that wonders “Why?” Why do the inhabitants of this Parallel have to fight these aberrations? What is the meaning in Parallel’s existence? These are questions he’s willing to do just about anything to find the answers to. Abilities (in Ability - Description format): Ability Detection - Using his piece of the shredded paper he shared with Gray, Jack can detect which direction abilities are being used. The paper bends towards the ability user. Swordplay - This skill enhances Jack’s agility and force. It can be stacked for an even greater effect. Jack is able to maintain a much greater stacked effect than Gray is. Fire Magic - Jack can draw forth and control fire. Often used to infuse his sword, he can also generate great blasts, as well as more controlled, complex motions. Dancing Flame - A technique often used in cooperation with Gray’s Dancing Lightning. Swordplay and Fire Magic are used together to enhance agility and force. His attack focuses on slashing the target in great succession, each slash leaving the target with a blast of fire. Telepathy - Jack has a simple grasp on telepathy. He is able to use it to speak to people, but he isn’t advanced enough to use it for mind battles. Alice (Move your mouse to reveal the content) Alice (open) Alice (close) Name: Alice Title (nickname): The Apple Bearer Time on Parallel (in years): Unknown Location (at RP start): Unknown Position (guard, ruler, etc.): Wanderer, Plot Device Appearance (anime picture or two paragraph description): She can always be seen carrying a basket of apples. History (two paragraph minimum): When and how Alice came into Parallel is unknown to everyone. No one saw her enter, and many wonder if she’s even an inhabitant. All that’s known about her is that she wanders a lot, never staying in one place too long. She was there when many of the Earth’s greatest wars took place, but she never aided in fighting against any monster outbursts. As of recently, Alice has been seen visiting various inhabitants, particularly those who fight against the aberrations. Her mysterious nature leads to many suspicions, including rumors of her possibly being a spy for Nejire. Such rumors are empty though, as Alice is a neutral being. Her motive is a mystery, but she seems to be more active than usual… Personality (one paragraph minimum): Alice is a quiet person who rarely speaks unless she has something to say or if someone piques her interest. If she sees someone injured and helpless, she does well to treat them, showing that she does possess a caring nature. She’s a mysterious being who never talks about herself. Not much else is known, as she never interacts with anyone for too long. She does seem to have a peculiar relationship with John Doe though… Feelings about Parallel (one paragraph): Unknown Abilities (in Ability - Description format): World Traveling - Alice is the current wielder of the ability to travel between Earth and Parallel, but no one knows she has it nor has anyone ever seen her use it, aside from John Doe. Telepathy - Alice has skill in telepathy, but just how much is unknown. Other Abilities Unknown John Doe (Move your mouse to reveal the content) John Doe (open) John Doe (close) Name: John Doe Title (nickname): The Wanderer Time on Parallel (in years): Unknown Location (at RP start): Unknown Position (guard, ruler, etc.): Wanderer, Plot Device Appearance (anime picture or two paragraph description): The wings are not apparent unless Flight is active. He also carries a long sword, but this is hidden until called forth. History (two paragraph minimum): John Doe is as mysterious in his origins as Alice is. His interactions with others makes him seem very active. He hangs out with those who fight aberrations and even engages aberrations alongside them when he’s interested. He seems to choose favorite people sometimes and will often follow them for quite some time before randomly deciding to leave. John Doe holds himself in Europe and rarely leaves elsewhere. He’s known by many inhabitants and is quite friendly with everyone. Still, the way he behaves and progresses while not in the company of others would make it seem like the male is searching for something. Perhaps he is… Personality (one paragraph minimum): John Doe is a calm yet playful person who knows how to have fun. He enjoys his fair share of alcohol but never loses his ability to play the nice guy no matter how drunk he gets. He’s generally a nice person to be around, and he’s always infusing others with a go-getter type attitude. Friendly as he is on the outside, no one knows what motive may be hiding behind that exterior. Feelings about Parallel (one paragraph): He seems to enjoy being part of it. He likes most of the people, particularly the fighters. He seems to know more about Parallel than most anyone else leads on, but even he seems to have a certain curiosity about it… Abilities (in Ability - Description format): Flight - John Doe can call forth wings from his back, which allow him to fly at incredibly fast speeds. Blade Summoning - John Doe can summon forth a long sword which materializes in his hand by will. Magic - John seems to possess control over various types of magic. So far, he’s been seen using water and fire. Telepathy, John possesses the ability of telepathy. To what extent is unknown. Other Abilities Unknown Fefe (Move your mouse to reveal the content) Fefe (open) Fefe (close) Name: Fefe Title (nickname): Hopper Time on Parallel (in years): 512,687 Location (at RP start): Shibuya in Japan Position (guard, ruler, etc.): Leader of Nejire, Plot Device Appearance (anime picture or two paragraph description): Fefe most often wears a black overcoat with a pink outline and a hood. She’s rather short, being only 4’10”. Under the overcoat is a short sleeve, open, pink jacket. Criss-crossed black and white straps cover her upper chest and her stomach is exposed when the overcoat is not being worn. She also wears a black and white skirt to match the straps over her chest. She can summon forth a scythe with a pink-outlined edge. History (two paragraph minimum): Fefe came into existence much before modern humans did. This being said, she also came into existence before aberrations started appearing. As there was no need to really teach the other inhabitants how to better hone there abilities, schooling wasn’t as enforced. Fefe was one of those who decided not to attend, and instead decided to train her abilities on her own. She was an awkward girl for the first few hundred thousand years of her existence, and didn’t make many friends. She preferred to be alone, instead choosing to interact with little creations that she made with stuff she found lying around. She was later able to bring these creations to move as she willed using one of her abilities. Eventually, aberrations would start appearing. Unlike most other inhabitants, she opted out of fighting them. She chose instead to merely observe their actions, the way they moved and behaved. She took a great interest in these beings, and brought herself to capturing some of them. Fefe went into hiding with her captives and began to examine and study them even further. When the revelation came that damage done to this world also occurred on Earth, Fefe was ecstatic. She began devising a plan to allow inhabitants to travel freely back and forth between Parallel and Earth. Knowing that such a desire was unpopular, she went about recruiting people in secret. Once she had enough followers, she created the Nejire organization. It was an underground organization whose goal was a mystery. Even to this day, no one but its leader and its members know their motive. Fefe would remain hidden, not allowing anyone to discover her position as the leader of Nejire. She issued her followers to cause trouble for the other inhabitants. While they went to work stirring things up, she spent more time capturing aberrations, observing them, as well as creating more handmade creations. As of present, Fefe is keeping low while her followers continue their work, waiting for just the right moment to launch her greatest strike against Parallel. Personality (one paragraph minimum): Fefe is a psychotic being, but she still manages to maintain her rationale. She’s come to enjoy being by her lonesome with her creations, and detests unnecessary interactions with others. She’s quick to grow bored when she isn’t doing anything, and will lash out if it overcomes her. She likes toying with people and has a bit of a superiority complex. Feelings about Parallel (one paragraph): In her earlier years, Fefe was one to detest being part of Parallel. She blamed her inability to socialize properly with others on its nature, even though it was merely her own social ineptness. Later on, once the appearance of aberrations began, she grew more hateful of how she had to live carefully, even though her abilities were more than enough to aptly defend herself. After learning of the connection between Parallel and Earth, she began contemplating ways to make it possible for her to travel to Earth. Abilities (in Ability - Description format): Time-Space Manipulation - Fefe is able to control and distort time and space by pointing at a particular thing or in a general direction with her index finger. As powerful as her ability is, the connection between Earth and Parallel is not weak enough for her to open a portal to Earth. Scythe Summoning - Fefe is able to summon her scythe at will. She is able to control it from a distance using Time-Space Manipulation. Telepathy - Fefe has extraordinary telepathic abilities. She can confidently engage a Tsecua in a battle of minds and overpower it. She can also communicate with others on a large scale. Dancing Rabbit: Fefe’s agility and force receive an immense boost. She faces no exhaustion penalty. Dance of Death: Combination between Dancing Rabbit and normal scythe attacks. Her speed increases to a point as though she’s teleporting. She attacks in great succession with her scythe. This ability does not stop until the target(s) is/are killed, she wills to stop, or if she is forced to. She faces a great exhaustion penalty, particularly if she is interrupted. Creationism - Fefe is able to give life to her handmade creations. They have no thoughts or will of their own, and act only on Fefe's will. Aberrations Credits to @neuroticapeiron Aberrations: Void Void Aberrations Aberrations listed in general strength order. Aberrations in this category are highly variable though, due to the corrupted energy that flows through them intensely. See Mutations. Saer’nai The Saer’nai are the smallest of their variety. However, they are never found alone, either travelling in the wake of a larger beast, or forming huge hosts. They resemble a cross between a rat and some sort of insect, but with several inch long blades of living metal replacing front hands. Their carapace is a deep violet. Saer’nai attack by leaping toward an enemy and lashing out with blades, typically all of them at the same time. The wounds may not be too deep but the blood loss from a horde of Saer’nai will quickly cause bleeding death, and then a swift consumption by the horde as the Saer’nai attempt to gain as much flesh material as possible. Using traditional weapons against the Saer’nai is very difficult due to their size and agility. Anything with an area effect, such as a shotgun, flamethrower, or something like a shockwave ability will be effective at knocking multiple out but the one who wishes to kill Saer’nai will always need to account for the few that persist. Alternative terms for the Saer’nai depending on the amount of mutation it has undergone include Saer’qoi and Saer’cyeth. Higher forms of Saer’nai will function as hivemind controllers, but are often impossible to distinguish from the rest of the horde. Scythi [appearance reference: image of Kha’Zix] The Scythi are the powerful hunters of the void-realm. Travelling alone or with a small host of Saer’Nai, their insectoid forms make them quite fast and agile, while their multiple foot-long blades are enough to cleave through a human. The Scythi also have a hardened purple carapace, with highly toxic blood. The Scythi prefer stealth and to leap out and decapitate or otherwise instantly kill an approaching enemy. An attack with both blades at once is sure to cause serious damage. They usually act independently but the rare Scythi horde is something akin to the Saer’nai horde from hell. Killing a Scythi will require either flame, or an excellent knowledge of the weak points in its carapace. They are numerous but difficult to get to, and Scythi agility may cause even bullets to hit a harder spot of carapace rather than a weak point. However, with adequate weapons technology, a Scythi is about equally matched to a single human hunter. Kanthorn The Kanthorn take an alternate appearance to the majority of voidbeasts: with a hard brown leathery skin rather than a purple or black carapace. The general form of a Kanthorn is somewhat similar to the insectoid form of the Scythi, but with a larger yet variable number of front limbs that terminate in spikes. The spinal ridge of the Kanthorn is often also covered in spikes. Another unique aspect of the Kanthorn is that the spikes are bone rather than the typical void-steel. Kanthorn are somewhat uncommon, usually created specifically by a higher being to bring support to a large horde of beasts. The easiest way for one to attack is with the spikes/claws on their limbs, but it is also possible for for a Kanthorn to suddenly extend their bodily spikes, impaling anyone who gets too close. The bone spikes absorb blood and organic matter by pseudo-osmosis, making touching them in any way a deadly proposition but also allowing the Kanthorn to regenerate and mutate further with every kill. Killing a Kanthorn should be done with a large amount of burst-fire to quickly get past their hardened skin and bypass their swift regeneration. Getting within three meters of a Kanthorn is not recommended. Also, keep in mind that while fire will absolutely destroy a lesser beast, the Kanthorn is near immune to heat and cold, even magically produced. Combat shields are also an option, provided they are strong enough to stop bone spikes. Only the most seasoned of fighters will be able to take down a Kanthorn solo, although a well-coordinated large group should have no problem. Tsecua Tsecua are not typically seen as “monsters” per se; rather, they are a sort of empty spirit. Visually, the tsecua appears to be a cross-legged human silhouette encased within a sphere of lightly coloured crystal. The tsecua have telepathic abilities to the extreme, managing at times a range of up to 150 metres and able to kill the mentally unguarded from up to 15 metres. They are rather uncommon, but will often appear at the core of a medium-sized horde. Because of their telepathy they are never forced to act alone. Tsecua are highly intelligent and strategic. Tsecua will typically attack through their thralls -- with energy, a tsecua can create a rift which will bear forth monsters. However, if forced to, the Tsecua can take control of, kill, or simply drive someone mad. Direct telepathy onto human entities is consuming of the Tsecua’s energy, however. Tsecua are nigh indestructible using purely physical weapons. The reason is that the Tsecua does not exist fully in any plane of existence, but rather creates its own plane as it moves throughout the plane its image exists in. Therefore, to kill a tsecua one must meet telepathy with telepathy, and force the Tsecua to destroy itself. It is of course possible to kill one with conventional weaponry, but most who have tried quit their attempt after a few bombs. Ulkai [appearance reference: image of Ultralisk] Ulkai are massive creatures, with immense crescent-shaped blade-tusks and appendages. Their weight is enough to cause small earthquakes, and the blades will cleave through nearly anything, including buildings, barricades, and pretty much anything else that isn’t a mountain. They appear slow (and do have a low acceleration) but with can reach very high speeds, making them very dangerous in many aspects. The carapace of the Ulkai is dark purple, black, or brown, and can be over a metre thick in some places. It is almost a consistent covering, with spaces at joints (the stronger ones re-form their carapace as they move to keep a consistent covering) and randomly distributed weak points where the carapace may be only about 10 centimetres, but typically about 25. The Ulkai attacks with the blades, with its tremendous weight, or both. they can be used as rams or instruments of slaughter. Luckily, given their size, it is easy for them to miss a small human target -- but all but the fastest vehicles will be crushed or cut in half. Killing an Ulkai relies on finding the weak points in its carapace: a near impossible endeavour without some sort of 3d imaging (which sometimes may even be clouded by a nearby Tsecua). Thus, fighting the Ulkai typically relies on brute force -- wearing down the beast one shell at a time until it crashes to the ground, causing a minor earthquake. This takes a massive resource expenditure, but luckily the appearance of Ulkai is quite rare. The trick is to aim for the head or the mouth, at least for those that have not mutated additional armouring. Psanto (esoteric knowledge) The Psanto is, excepting some miracle of mutation, by far the most powerful of void aberrations. The Psanto is the collapse of space manifest. Similar to Tsecua in appearance, it appears more shrouded and distant, and often gives onlookers the feeling of wrongness. On the basic level, the Psanto’s abilities are basically that of a Tsecua amplified. The Psanto exists in the physical world however. It can thus exert its huge dimensional influence over the space around it. A direct physical attack might consist of scrambling all the atoms in an attacker’s body, or creating into existence a new object in the same place as the attacker, entirely destroying the coherence of their body structure and creating an obstruction for any following attackers. Causing more catastrophic events is not outside the power of a Psanto. It will however require energy for the Psanto to do such things. The Psanto is not contained within its own energy system like the Tsecua, so it must draw energy from external sources. Spending a year or so drawing energy from a star could do the trick, as could drawing energy from more mystical sources such as the life-force of plants and other living organisms or from the convergence of ley lines and magical ambience. The Psanto is limited only by its energy reserves, and it can draw large amounts just from the life-force contained in the space around it: a Psanto performing a particularly intensive ability may cause mass death in a kilometer radius, or merely the corruption of all nearby life into aberrations, serving thenceforth the will of the Psanto. The Psanto clearly possess immense intelligence and potency, so there is no way to express all the possibilities of the Psanto’s power. However, a short list must suffice. Scrambling: The Psanto scrambles the particles in an area causing a loss of cohesion. This is equivalent to applying a noise filter to the quantum information of the area. Creation/Destruction: The Psanto brings an object into or out of existence. Cannot be done to living things as they are too heavily anchored to existence. Nullifying: The Psanto draws energy from an area, dampening the potential for other forms of energy to exist in that area. Dampens magic as well. Spacebending: The Psanto folds space between two zones, causing an overlap where two spaces exist as one. This has utility both for destruction and transportation. Telepathy: The Psanto has the telepathic abilities of the Tsecua immensely amplified. Aberration: Assuming a source of energy the Psanto can create and thenceforth control Aberrations. Catastrophe: The Psanto creates a major disruption in energy, causing natural disaster. Reflection: The Psanto creates a reflection of itself which it can act through. Attempting to trace the energy signal of the original Psanto’s exploits will lead to the reflection. Without destroying the reflection it is impossible to discern the identity of the original Psanto. Corruption: The Psanto twists and perverts the energy of a being, mutating it into an aberrant being serving the Psanto. The higher the form of life, the harder this action is to perform. Planeshifting: The Psanto can create its own temporary plane of existence. Keep in mind that the Psanto cannot exist between planes like the Tsecua and that these planes are entropic in nature, meaning the Psanto can not get more energy out of a plane than it has put in. Psanto-planes will thus be of finite magnitude. Mutations This deserves its own section because some forms of mutations are more common than others. Some of the most common or easiest to form will be listed here, as well as what sort of beings they could apply to. Keep in mind that with these sorts of aberrant beings anything is possible, even beings entirely out of the listed categories. This is more of a set of idea-seeds for mutated beings rather than a set list of possible mutations to be applied directly. “No recorded instance” is not a forbiddance but merely additional information as to what is common. Tsecua and Psanto do not mutate per se but their minds can develop and evolve, which is akin to mutation. Telepathy. Applies to all (telepathic beings can improve or extend telepathy) Telepathy with similar beings is easier, as well as with less complex beings. Void aberrations naturally form hierarchical relationships. Saer telepathic hierarchy is typically just Saer’nai/Saer’cyeth but in technical speech the intermediates Saer’ktah, Saer’sen, and Saer’qoi are sometimes (infrequently) used, making the full sequence Saer’ktah < Saer’nai < Saer’sen < Saer’qoi < Saer’cyeth. (technical/uncommon knowledge) Large numbers of similarly powerful telepathic beings without a definite hierarchy have the potential to rarely form a sort of super neural net. This is a force to be reckoned with, but can actually be destroyed by introducing a more powerful telepathic aberration. Shapeshifting. Applies to Scythi, Kanthorn, Ulkai generally; Saer* rarely Without a huge amount of intelligence and focus, this will generally be more instinctual shapeshifting, such as regeneration, combat optimization of the body, or the rearrangement of protective carapace as a more heavily armoured being (typically Ulkai) moves. No recorded instances of the mimicry of earth life. It is perhaps beyond aberration understanding/capacity. Some Scythi and Kanthorn will absorb materials and add them to their body, eventually becoming very far removed from the original designation of Scythi or Kanthorn and becoming something else entirely. Flight. Applies to Saer*, Scythi, Kanthorn generally, (Ulkai very rarely: esoteric knowledge) Being will typically grow wings but for those connected to a magical channel, the ability may be a sort of instinctual levitation. Appearance is bug-like for Saer* and Scythi, bat-like for Kanthorn, and variable shape for Ulkai. Flying Ulkai are so large in size that lifting off the ground would take them into what is technically space in a short period of time. Thus the ability is extremely uncommon. Tsecua/Psanto can already hover, increasing their height at will albeit at an energy cost. Intelligence. Applies to all (intelligent beings can improve their intelligence generally or in certain areas) Telepathy and intelligence are a powerful combination. Intelligence also gives a being hierarchical priority. No recorded instance of a Saer*/Scythi/Kanthorn/Ulkai surpassing the intelligence of a Tsecua, or of a Tsecua surpassing a Psanto. Of course this would be near impossible to detect. More intelligent beings often take control over their own mutation and thus end up with more efficiency overall. Magick. Applies to all (magical beings can improve their magical connection or extend their power) Nonmagical entities typically use more unorthodox forms of magic such as enhancing the force of their muscles. The possession of a magical channel opens up many mutation possibilities. A good combination with intelligence. Tsecua/Psanto often act through magically mutated underlings in order to shroud their identity.
|
<urn:uuid:1ab0f333-fdb8-40db-8cb8-342ac6107cfc>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://www.iwakuroleplay.com/threads/from-the-other-side.119890/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00558-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.973692
| 8,954
| 1.773438
| 2
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.