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Ancelina Maeva July 5, 2020 Worksheets
Subtraction worksheets help a child learn the skills required for subtraction. It also gives you, as a parent or teacher, an opportunity to understand how much he has grasped and what the best way of making him learn more will be. Subtraction is integral in math and it is something children will be using all their lives. There are various levels of subtraction worksheets available which match the skill levels of different children.
A systematic set of mathematics worksheets will help you teach your child the basic principles of math and help them prepare for school. Worksheets can be used as the basis for counting and adding games and other activities. Teaching your child with worksheets also makes them more comfortable with doing worksheets – which will help them when they get to kindergarten and school, where worksheets are used every day.
If you home school your children, you will quickly realize how important printable homeschool worksheets can be. If you are trying to develop a curriculum for your home-schooled child, you may be able to save a lot of time and money by using free online home school worksheets. However, while they can be a helpful tool and seem like an attractive alternative to a homeschool, they do have a number of limitations.
The next step is learning to write numbers, and this is where mathematics worksheets become almost a necessity. Unless you have great handwriting, lots of spare time and a fair amount of patience, writing worksheets will help you teach this valuable skill to your child. Dot-to-dot, tracing, following the lines and other writing exercises will help your child learn how to write numbers. A good set of worksheets will include practice sheets with various methods to help your child learn to write numbers.
Worksheets are now being used in our day to day lives. A large proportion of people use worksheets to teach or impart certain lessons to their children. There are various kinds of worksheets for kids, which are nowadays used in schools for easy learning. Worksheets for kids which are particularly used in schools are basically to write letters, joining dots, numerical and so on. Students in kindergarten school and under that uses free worksheets for learning the basics. These worksheets for kids are even used to draw out shapes and differentiate them from the other one. Free worksheets are even easily available from the internet.
By the age of three, your child is ready to move onto mathematics worksheets. This does not mean that you should stop playing counting and number games with your child; it just adds another tool to your toolbox. Worksheets help to bring some structure into a child`s education using a systematic teaching method, particularly important with math, which follows a natural progression.
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Potential Digestive Tract Problems Caused by Antibiotics
Most people taking an antibiotic will be fine, but the accompanying diarrhea that affects the other 20 percent can range from a mild, short-lived bout of diarrhea to colitis, an inflammation of the colon. Some people may experience a more serious form of colitis caused by the bacterium Clostridium difficile (C. difficile), which can be life threatening.
People over age 65 are more prone to develop antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis, as are those who have recently stayed in a hospital or nursing home, have had surgery on the intestinal tract, or have another illness affecting the intestines, such as inflammatory bowel disease or colon cancer.
While any antibiotic has the potential to cause diarrhea, whether it's oral or injected, the most likely candidates are stronger, broad-spectrum antibiotics, which include:
- cephalosporins like cefixime (Suprax) and cefpodoxime (Vantin)
- extended-coverage penicillins like amoxicillin
- quinolones such as ciprofloxacin (Cipro) and levofloxacin (Levaquin)
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) involves occasional loose stools or mild diarrhea for several days. The problem typically begins five to 10 days after starting an antibiotic; however, in 25 to 40 percent of cases, symptoms don't appear until up to 10 weeks after treatment ends. Most cases of AAD do not require treatment and will resolve on their own within two weeks after finishing an antibiotic.
If you experience diarrhea, be sure to stay hydrated by drinking plenty of liquids such as soft drinks, sports drinks, broth, or oral rehydration solutions. Until the problem resolves, avoid dairy products, wheat flour (such as bread, pasta, and pizza) and high-fiber foods. Also, avoid antidiarrheal medications like loperamide (Imodium)—your body is trying to rid itself of the bad bacteria, and you don't want to slow down this process.
If you experience fever, abdominal pain, or cramping or your diarrhea is watery or bloody, you could be having a more severe problem such as C. difficile colitis, and you should call your doctor immediately. C. difficile is a species of bacterium that lives inside the digestive tract in many healthy adults. It can be spread by people with or without symptoms. C. difficile is normally held in check by helpful bacteria, but if allowed to grow it can release toxins that can damage the large intestine. C. difficile is responsible for 10 to 15 percent of AAD cases. C. difficile colitis is especially dangerous for the elderly, for whom the mortality rate is up to 25 percent. In addition to loose stools, symptoms include bloody diarrhea, fever, nausea, abdominal pain, and dehydration. If you're experiencing these symptoms, your doctor may examine one or more stool samples for the presence of a toxin made by the bacterium.
C. difficile colitis can be treated by stopping the antibiotic that you're already taking and switching to an antimicrobial drug called metronidazole (Flagyl). If the problem persists, you may need to take a drug called vancomycin (Vancocin). As with all forms of AAD, it's also important to keep hydrated, stay away from foods that can trigger diarrhea, and avoid antidiarrheal medications.
A condition called pseudomembranous colitis can occur in about 3 percent of people with C. difficile colitis, in which patchy yellow plaques appear on the intestinal wall. Two other potential complications include the development of a hole in the bowel wall (called bowel perforation) and a distended colon that retains fecal matter (called toxic megacolon). These complications can require surgery to remove the affected part of the colon.
Antibiotics and Yeast Overgrowth
Many women already know that a course of antibiotics can leave them susceptible to a vaginal yeast infection. But some researchers theorize that antibiotics can cause a yeast overgrowth in the digestive tract as well—in both men and women. The likely result is diarrhea, making yeast overgrowth a possible cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea.
Not all studies have found an increase in yeast in people with AAD. However, a 2008 study from Korea found that in 38 people with AAD, the common yeast Candida was present in the stool cultures of three participants, while four had evidence of C. difficile in their stool. They concluded that Candida, among other organisms, might be responsible for some cases of AAD that aren't caused by C. difficile.
Other studies have suggested yeast as a possible cause of diarrhea by looking at probiotics as a treatment. Women are often told to eat yogurt or take a probiotic supplement along with antibiotics to avoid yeast infections, and some studies have found that people who take a probiotic are less likely to develop AAD.
For example, researchers in London randomly assigned 135 hospitalized patients receiving antibiotics (average age 74) to either a probiotic drink containing Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and Streptococcus thermophilus or a milkshake twice a day while taking the medication and for one week after. AAD occurred in only 12 percent of the probiotic group compared with 34 percent of the placebo group. While more randomized, controlled studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of certain probiotic strains, this trial adds to evidence that probiotics may help prevent diarrhea.
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The International Campaign to Stop Rape & Gender Violence in Conflict (the Campaign) is deeply concerned about the increasing levels of violence in Syria and the impact that the ongoing conflict has on women and their families.
There is increasing evidence that government forces and others are committing egregious human rights violations—including murder, torture, rape and other types of sexual violence—against Syrian women, men and children. A recent report by Women's Media Center's Women Under Siege project, a member of the Campaign's advisory committee, found that nearly 70 percent of sexual attacks were seemingly perpetrated by government forces, with 42 percent of the incidents against women carried out by multiple men.
“The fact that a large portion of the alleged crimes involved multiple attackers indicates possible coordinated, orchestrated, or systematic violence without restraints on the behavior of government and other forces,” said Susannah Sirkin, deputy director of Physicians for Human Rights, and an advisory committee member to the Campaign.
And while it is almost impossible to know the full extent of the violence or the exact numbers of those who have died, it is clear that such brute force is being used to instill fear and oppress the Syrian civilian population. Women Under Siege’s reports show that at least 20 percent of the women who were raped were killed afterward—a number that shows the level of terror being sown.
The Security Council failed to adopt a resolution on Syria on July 19. International Campaign to Stop Rape & Gender Violence in Conflict urges the international community to stand in solidarity with the people on the ground in Syria and call for an end to the senseless violence. The Campaign supports the women, men and children in Syria dealing with this crisis and demands that those in need of help receive shelter, medical attention and other humanitarian assistance.
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By Our Reporter
For much of last week, where two or three top government The situation is functionaries or Chief Executives of some flourishing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises, SMEs, gather in the two major cities of Lagos, the nation’s Commercial hub and Abuja, the Federal Capital Territory, FCT, their discussion centered on the one day Forum organised by the United Bank For Africa, UBA plc, a pan African Bank, African Day Conversations and the far reaching decisions on how to develop the African Continent. The situation is the same in other African countries.The UBA one day Forum on African Conversations Day, was said to have attracted experts from different fields including Agriculture from both the African Continent and outside the Continent.
The experts were said to have come to the conclusion that African countries require homegrown solutions like investment in human capacity building and agricultural expansion to rebuild Africa and put the continent on a stronger footing post COVID-19. The participation Macky Sall, President of Senegal and George Opong Weah, a former Liberia Foot ball Star and the country’s president may have exposed the two African leaders to the reality on ground and to help in drawing a roadmap for the African Union, AU, for the development of the Continent in Post COVID 19 era.
Abiola Bauwah, a Ghanaian and senior Program Coordinator, Regional Network of Agricultural Policy Research Institutes, may have used his expert knowledge on Agriculture to emphasis on how Africa should rely less on foreign donors, but invest in Agriculture in order to make the Continent self-sufficient in food production., he noted that “There are five areas that the African governments need to work on to reach the SDG goals: the private sector, rapid industrialization, institutions and the rule of law, human capital and remove the barriers across Africa.
The Agricultural expert was said to have suggested that that African should institute its own brand of capitalism which is an economic philosophy that says that the human and capital resources of Africa are the only ways in which the Continent can develop Africa.
Nalishebo Meebelo, a Zambian, described in Zambia circles as a Leadership Coach and who incidentally is the Chairman Go Ahead Africa Limited, revealed that there are a lot of young people who can go along with the value chain of manufacturing, transporting, technology and marketing, adding that, “Government cannot do it alone, as it had to work with other stakeholders. The Zambian warned that ‘’cut and paste solutions will not work in Africa, insisting that what the Continent need now is to have its own homegrown solutions to fight this coronavirus pandemic.”
Eugenia Abu, a veteran Journalist, who was said to have focused on the huge role that women and youth must play in rebuilding the continent, stressed the need for African countries to work together to provide solutions to its numerous challenges. “Women, entrepreneurial champions, young people and collaborations between African countries are very key to developing Africa,” she had stated.
Ndidi Nwuneli, aNigerian and Founder of Leap Africa, was saddened that the agricultural sector remained hugely untapped, emphasising the need for a change of mindset where people usually equated agriculture to poverty. “This is a $1 trillion industry and we are neglecting it’’, he lamented. Appealing to Africans to have a change of mindset and invest in the agricultural sector, she urged the government to prioritize it, leverage on it, transform our educational system in order to prepare young people to go back to Agriculture and trade with each other.
Sobel Aziz Ngom, a Senegalese, pointed out on the need for the youths to take charge in Africa. “It is time for young people to lead, he said. According to him, the challenge which African countries have at the domestic and continental level is making the change in our structure and in the political system that will give a place to young people to be 100 percent engaged,” Ngom remarked.
In his own submission, Tolu Ogunlesi, a Nigerian and Social Entrepreneur and Founder Leap Africa, disclosed that “All over the developed economies and some developing countries, young people are seizing the opportunities, open to them to lead their countries, noting that the time has come for African countries to start thinking about how to make sure that this is not just for the age of COVID 19 but beyond COVID-19.
He noted that even if the pandemic was to disappear today, ‘’I hope that the lessons we have learnt, we are not going to forget them and go back to where we used to be in the past”, he declared.
For Roland Kwemain, a Cameroonian, Founder and Executive Director, Social Change Factory, suggests the need for other Financial institutions to tow the line of UBA in events such as UBA Africa Conversations that would expose African countries on the path of development.
He averred that “If 100 multinationals in Africa were doing that UBA had done over the years in promoting SMEs and holding such investment workshops,, African could have gone far because CSR is an amazing leverage not just for the brand but also for supporting people & women in terms of activities. “The truth is that we need partnership between the government, Corporate Organisations and the civil society,” he said.
T Note that the pan African Bank is one of the leading pan-African financial institutions offering banking services to more than twenty million customers across the globe. With an established presence in 20 African countries, the bank also has established operations in the United Kingdom, the USA and France, thus, connecting people and businesses across Africa through retail, commercial and corporate banking, innovative cross border payments and remittances, trade finance and ancillary banking services.
It is not surprising why Sall, the President of Senegal, had always associated with the bank activities because of the exposure he had received in running his country over the years without always running to the International Monetary Fund, IMF, or multi-lateral Financial Institutions to borrow or waiting for donor nations.
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Sleep apnea is a serious sleep disorder that occurs when a person’s breathing is disturbed during sleep. People with untreated sleep apnea stop breathing in their sleep and start again, this may occur hundreds of times, which means that the brain and the rest of the body may not get enough oxygen.
There are two types of sleep apnea:
* Obstructive sleep apnea, which is more common and occurs when the throat muscles
* Central sleep apnea, which occurs when the brain does not send proper signals to the
muscles that control breathing.
Common signs and symptoms of sleep apnea: Excessive daytime sleepiness, loud snoring
abrupt awakenings accompanied by shortness of breath, waking up with a dry mouth or sore throat, morning headaches, and difficulty staying asleep ( insomnia ). If you have any of these symptoms and think you may have sleep apnea, consult a doctor. Treatment is necessary to avoid heart problems and other complications.
Self-care is the most appropriate way to deal with sleep apnea
• If obese, weight loss would help relieve constriction In the throat. in some cases, sleep
apnea may be cured by gaining a healthy weight.
* Doing 30 minutes of activity, such as a brisk walk, most days of the week may help ease obstructive sleep apnea symptoms.
alcohol and sleeping pills. These relax the muscles in the back of the throat, that
Interfere with breathing.
*Sleep on the side or abdomen rather than on the back. Sleeping on the back can cause the
tongue and soft palate to rest against the back of the throat and
block the airway.
• Keep the nasal passages open at night by using a saline nasal spray. Consult a doctor
before using a spray because they are usually recommended only for the short-term.
• Stop smoking, if you are a smoker. Smoking worsens obstructive sleep apnea,
• Follow a good sleep routine that helps you to relax and get enough sleep.
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Worksite health promotion programs can operate at several different levels. First, individual-level programs, such as phone coaching for tobacco cessation, a walking program, or a Web-based stress management program, can provide access for workers to reduce their health risk factors. Second, group-level programs may provide social support to change behavior and can include programs, such as team competitions or team-based training for a local 5-K fun run. In addition, organizational-level interventions also may be considered. These interventions tend to operate across all employees and cover the entire company. Oftentimes, this level of intervention is linked to company policies, protocols, and procedures - in fact, if this linkage between policy and protocols and procedures is absent, it is highly questionable whether the policy will be effective. If the goal is to engage the entire company in certain aspects of health promotion and health protection, a company policy type of intervention is often a good solution.
WHAT CONSTITUTES A COMPANY POLICY?
A company policy may be defined as a principle or rule created to guide decisions and achieve rational outcome(s). It may be considered a statement of intent or a commitment for the company because it assumes that the activity will be implemented across the entire organization. It also represents something quantifiable against which the company can hold itself (or be held) accountable. A company policy tends to denote the what and the why of the given topic a company wants to address. As such, it is a good idea to connect company policies with formal protocols or procedures that describe and delineate the how, the where, and the when. Policies tend to be formal enough to actually get adopted by the company's board of directors or senior governance body, whereas protocols and procedures would be developed and adopted by senior executive officers.
Policies may be classified as either external compliant or internal compliant (6). An external compliant policy relates to how a company interprets, monitors, and enforces governmental regulations or other regulatory requirements. Examples of such policies include compliance with privacy of health information (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act [HIPAA]), safety regulations (Occupational Safety and Health Administration [OSHA]), or the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). On the other hand, an internal compliant policy is created and enforced by the company to achieve desired organizational goals. Examples of internal compliant policies include compensation, benefits, substance abuse, and smoke-free policies.
WHEN ARE COMPANY POLICIES NEEDED?
In an ideal world, it would be possible to just communicate to everyone in the company what everyone should be doing and how everyone should behave. Ideally, the communications will be clear and fully understood by all. Of course, this is not the usual experience. In reality, there are a variety of good reasons why company policies are needed so that the expectations are defined clearly and standards of accountability are available. The Table provides some of those reasons and also some examples of the type of company policy that may be able to address the reasons stated.
However, it should be noted that inappropriate behavior or infrequent incidents on the part of a single individual or a handful of employees necessarily do not constitute a reason to institute company-wide policies that affect all workers. Such an approach may well prove to be counterproductive. There are very good reasons not to put everything a company decides to do in the form of a policy or in an employee handbook that is widely distributed to all employees. If it is written down in a handbook or as a formal policy, it is not unreasonable for employees to expect that the company will follow such guidance and enforce such policies. Companies certainly want to have flexibility, where possible, instead of dealing with the challenges of outdated or limiting policies.
HEALTH AND WELLNESS POLICIES
If a company is serious about the health and well-being of its people, a formal wellness policy is a powerful way to explain such a commitment. It can support the commitment to employee health as stated in the company's mission or vision statement. This type of commitment has been associated with elements of highly successful corporate wellness programs (4). However, such statements are likely to be broad and may represent only a general intent to support wellness. Specific policies are likely to be more impactful when they create an environment in which employees are engaged in healthful practices that help reduce health risk factors. Examples of such policy initiatives include, but are not limited to:
* workplace smoking bans
* alcohol policies
* illegal substance use and abuse policies
* time-off or paid time-off policies
* flexible work schedule policies
* ergonomically designed workstation policies
* seat belt use
* incentive programs
* workplace violence
* free preventive screenings
* healthy food subsidy in corporate cafeteria
* healthy food menus from which selections must be made for company functions
AN EXAMPLE: SMOKE-FREE POLICY TO REDUCE TOBACCO USE AMONG WORKERS
The Task Force on Community Preventive Services recently has published recommendations related to the use of a company policy intervention for the purpose of reducing tobacco use among workers (2,5,6). Based on systematic reviews of the tobacco-related literature, the Task Force recommends smoke-free policies implemented by the company based on sufficient evidence of effectiveness in reducing tobacco use among employees. More specifically, smoke-free policies were found to be effective when implemented in single worksites, across multiple worksites, as well as by communities when the ordinances and regulations prohibit smoking in indoor and enclosed workplaces. Furthermore, the Task Force also recommends smoking bans based on strong evidence of effectiveness of these policies in reducing exposures to secondhand tobacco smoke.
When a policy prohibits workers to smoke or use tobacco, it also is reasonable for the company to provide access to tobacco cessation resources to support tobacco users to receive help in their attempts to quit. These additional interventions that support the policy include tobacco cessation group treatment, educational materials, telephone-based smoking cessation coaching, health care provider assistance and counseling, and access (ideally with full financial coverage) to effective pharmacological quit aids.
So, clearly, the implementation of a smoking ban or smoke-free policy supports the worksite health promotion goals and objectives. Furthermore, in many communities and across many states, smoking bans have been enacted that prohibit smoking in all public and private workplaces. This circumstance is a major legal restriction that takes the decision to allow smoking at work out of the hands of many employers. Smoke-free policies help reduce tobacco use, help employees quit smoking, and reduce secondhand smoke exposure for nonsmokers. But besides these relatively direct effects on smoking, they also increase productivity because workers spend more time on task because of fewer smoking breaks and experience less smoking-related absences from work. It also reduces the company's exposure to health-related legal claims especially from nonsmokers who experience secondhand smoke exposure (e.g., OSHA violation, workers' compensation claims). Finally, smoke-free policies associate the company with good health, wellness, and well-being. This provides for a positive and healthy company image.
A good example of a corporate smoke-free policy is the one drafted in March 2003 by the city of New York and signed by then Commissioner of Health, Dr. Thomas R. Frieden, the current director of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This policy example was attached to an introductory letter that states the legal requirement for employers to adopt and disseminate a written workplace smoking policy, provides guidance for employers around flexibility regarding style and format, and refers to a Web site for further details and information. The policy is organized around key content, including a clearly stated purpose, the specific areas inside the workplace where the policy applies, signage, compliance, resources, and a contact where questions and inquiries may be addressed. This example can be found at: www.nyc.gov/html/doh/downloads/pdf/smoke/tc9.pdf (3).
DOES YOUR HEALTH AND WELLNESS POLICY FIT?
So, implementing a policy can drive major improvement in population health because it reaches all employees across the entire workforce. However, it behooves anyone to be cautious about the language used and avoid unintended consequences. Using the acronym FIT, companies can double-check if their policies are well-designed using the following three steps (1):
* Fact based: is the policy based on credible data (perhaps even evidence based such as the smoke-free policy recommendation of the Task Force?
* Integrated: are all primary stakeholders included in the planning and deliberations that led up to the policy formulation? Are roles for stakeholders clearly defined? Will communications be clear to all employees, and is there a clearly delineated plan for enforcement?
* Targeted: is the policy clearly relevant to a specific organizational need, and will the associated health promotion goals and objectives be achieved?
Worksite health promotion programs that leverage organizational policies are more likely to generate impact. They will support individual-level efforts of employees to improve their health, reduce their risks, and more likely to provide major benefits for the organization as a whole. Just be sure the policy approach is well balanced, considerate, and likely not to generate unintended consequences.
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Before he became a world-renowned depicter of the banality of corporate America with his “Dilbert” comic strip, Scott Adams was rejected for an arts school, and instead earned an undergraduate degree in economics from Hartwick College and an MBA in economics and management from the University of California-Berkeley. In 1997, at the invitation of Logitech CEO Pierluigi Zappacosta, Adams, wearing a wig and false mustache, successfully impersonated a management consultant and tricked Logitech managers into adopting a mission statement that he described as “so impossibly complicated that it has no real content whatsoever.”
SMM: In an NPR story recently on workplace morale, a software engineer in Lexington, Ky., said he got a good sense of worker morale in offices that he visited by looking at the number of “Dilbert” comics that were pinned up in workers’ cubicles.
A lot of “Dilbert” comics seemed to be a passive aggressive way for employees to complain. How does it feel to have your work be a barometer for job satisfaction?
ADAMS: The “Dilbert Index” idea has been around for about 12 years or so, by my best guess. My own version says the best office to work in has a few “Dilbert” comics, which indicates they have a lenient policy about humor. If you see zero indications of humor in a workplace, run away. If you see entire walls of “Dilbert” comics, you have a different problem. Somewhere in the middle is best.
SMM: Some companies try to pump up morale by bringing in a motivational speaker. Have you ever served in that role?
ADAMS: I’ve done hundreds of corporate speeches, but I always promised the client that no one would be motivated or educated, just entertained.
SMM: What’s your feeling about motivational speakers?
ADAMS: I haven’t seen any studies that indicate people stay motivated 10 minutes after they leave a motivational speech. On the other hand, every little bit of positive energy probably helps. If the speech is the only motivating element of work, I doubt it has much impact. If it’s part of a larger motivational thrust, it might help.
SMM: Have you seen someone else speak live who you found to be especially motivational?
SMM: I saw two graduates of the Dale Carnegie course get on stage without notes and give excellent, animated talks on the benefits of Dale Carnegie’s methods. It motivated me to sign up for the course myself, and it was one of the smartest things I ever did.
SMM: Who is not on the motivational speaking circuit that you think would be well-suited to it?
ADAMS: Oprah, Jay-Z, Bill Clinton. I’m motivated by anyone who changed the world by force of personality and desire.
DILBERT © 2006 Scott Adams. Used by permission of Universal Uclick. All rights reserved.
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What are the management options?
The management of patients with peripheral vascular disease needs to be directed at their overall atherosclerotic risk factors as well as consideration of revascularisation. The medical optimisation of risk factors is important. Advice and help in regards to ceasing smoking, good blood pressure control, good glucose (“sugar”) control for diabetics and cholesterol lowering measures is essential. All patients should be commenced on a blood thinning agent (anti-platelet agent) such as low dose aspirin, unless contra-indicated. All patients should be considered for commencing on a “statin” agent to lower cholesterol regardless of their cholesterol levels unless contraindications exist. For many people, claudication can be managed conservatively with the above “medical” management, exercise (which can improve the walking distance for many people), learning to live and adapt to any limitation in activity (eg allowing more time to walk from one place to another with short “rests” as needed) and reassurance of the generally benign nature and natural history of this problem. Many people are walking around with complete blockages in the arteries in their legs without even knowing it!! For claudication, the need for intervention is really determined by the level of inconvenience for the patient.
If claudication is becoming disabling, there is rest pain or ulcers and/or gangrene, revascularisation is considered. Revascularisation may involve open surgery (bypass, endarterectomy) endovascular techniques (minimally invasive – balloon angioplasty, stents) or a combination of both. There are many considerations in order to provide the best revascularisation option for you. Most patients today are thankfully able to be offered some form of minimally invasive treatment for their PVD. Early assessment is recommended as treatment can become harder and more risky if the situation is allowed to progress unmonitored for too long. In some cases, treatment in the form of revascularisation is just not possible and in dire circumstances amputation becomes the only option. With modern endovascular and surgical techniques, this is thankfully becoming a much less common (and potentially avoidable) outcome. If needed however, amputation can of course lead to another form of reconstruction – with modern artificial limbs (prostheses).
Further information on the diagnosis and treatment options for PVD is available at the time of consultation with one of our specialist vascular surgeons.
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An illustration of the environmental and social effects of peatland drainage.
Many human activities in peatlands cause changes in ecological processes, ecosystem structure and species composition (Limpens et al., 2008), usually as a result of drainage and the destruction of native vegetation (Parish et al., 2008). The social and environmental impacts can continue for decades or even centuries, with huge economic consequences. These result in land loss from subsidence, fires and their associated haze, reduced water quality, loss of unique biodiversity, loss of the potential for the sustainable use of peatlands (paludiculture), as well as a contribution to global warming caused by loss of peat carbon stocks.
From collection: Smoke on Water (Revised)
Nieves Lopez Izquierdo
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Surrounded by the rich nature and fresh air of the Abukuma Mountains, the town of Takine, away from Tamura City, is a perfect spot for astronomical observation.
This 16-meter high, three-story facility has an exhibition room on the first floor, an administration room on the second floor, and a half-dome shaped observation room with a diameter of 6.5 meters on the third floor.
The dome is particularly noted for having a reflecting astronomical telescope with a diameter of 650 mm, the largest of its kind in Fukushima Prefecture.
It is connected to a computer system that indicates the direction in which the telescope is pointing on the constellations chart.
Observe through a reflecting astronomical telescope with a diameter of 650 mm.
The telescope is equipped with a special filter, so you can even observe the sun on a clear day.
The observatory also has a planetarium where even beginners can easily understand and enjoy the mysteries of the universe through original programs that include various projections of star charts and skies of the surrounding area.
■Nighttime Observatory (held every Saturday)
[Starry Sky Tour]
See the moon, planets, and other seasonal stars through an actual astronomical telescope.
Observe the actual starry sky that night from the rooftop of the observatory.
The Hoshinomura Observatory, with its extensive knowledge of astronomy, invites many people to explore the mysteries of space. If you have never seen the stars up close, visit the Hoshinomura Observatory!
■Tohoku DC Special Event!
A special chance to operate the observatory's equipment. There will also be special experiences such as a night sky photoshoot and lectures on telescopes. Join the event for your study project during the summer break!
*Date TBD. Reservations are required (number of participants limited).
Details will be announced on the Hoshinomura Observatory official website. "https://www.city.tamura.lg.jp/soshiki/20/"
A thematic journey in the Tohoku region:Experiences
- Telescope Tour: 500 yen for adults, 300 yen for children
Planetarium: 500 yen for adults, 300 yen for children
Nighttime Tour: 500 yen for adults, 300 yen for children
- Opening Times
- April to September 10:00-17:00
October to March 10:00-16:00
- April to November: Tuesday
December to March: Tuesday/Wednesday
- 20 minutes from Ono Interchange and Tamura Smart Interchange (Ban'etsu Expressway)
10 minutes by taxi from Kanmata Station (Ban'etsu East Line)
- Car Park
- Official Website
- Hoshinomura Observatory Fukushima Prefecture Tamura City Official Website
- Hoshinomura Observatory
- Telephone Number
- Fax Number
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Here we show our work reducing a Eucalyptus in someone’s back garden. The tree had grown too big for the location, and ivy was starting to engulf it. As a result it was taking too much light from the gardens below.
If left unchecked, the ivy would have started to compete with the tree’s leaves for light. We reduced and reshaped the tree and stripped the ivy.
If you’ve liked our work reducing a Eucalyptus, and you would like to discuss how we can help with your trees, hedges, shrubs or climbing plants, please get in touch.
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In New Zealand, Leadership Week takes place from June 22th – 29th whereby many events across the nation are hosted – in schools, communities and corporate sectors – which focus on New Zealand peoples’ dreams and visions for the future. Leadership Week is an annual event for all ages that highlights the value that great leadership provides for New Zealand.
The PACIFICA Women of Influence – Dare to Dream event was organised by Auckland Central Branch President, Sina Wendt-Moore and the Auckland Central Branch team to mark the Sir Peter Blake Leadership week (read more about it HERE). I would like to thank Sina Wendt-Moore for her inspirational leadership within PACIFICA. The PACIFICA Women of Influence event last week left many guests completely inspired and the same inspiration was felt by those who were not able to make it to the event but had read the various articles that were published about that wonderful evening. The attendees of the PACIFICA Women of Influence – Dare to Dream event received Issue 5, 2012 of the Leadership Magazine produced by the Sir Peter Blake Trust. Since last Thursday, I have been sick with the flu and it was only yesterday that I finally managed to read through the Leadership magazine. This edition profiles great Kiwi (i.e. New Zealanders) thinkers and leaders of all ages who have had the courage to explore the possibilities and act on their dreams. The stories shared in this magazine are inspirational!
With a couple more days left to celebrate Leadership Week here in New Zealand, I would like to share excerpts from one of the articles that was featured in the Sir Peter Blake Trust Leadership Magazine. I hope that this serves as an encouragement to you. I have come to recognise that some of my readers have a background or interest in the creative arts and this article highlights the leadership that exists within that discipline. The article was written by Dame Jenny Gibbs entitled A Quiet Leader.
Dame Jenny Gibbs is a philanthropist, an art patron and a member of the Sir Peter Blake Leadership Awards Selection Panel. Her opening statement caught my attention: “There are many forms of leadership. And some of the characteristics that we most commonly associate with leadership, such as the ability to build and lead a team, are not always applicable in the arts”. As I continued to read through the article I understood exactly what she had meant. She explained that there are of course areas within the creative arts where leadership is essential, for example, the formal role of a director of a major museum or art gallery. However, she delved into the more solitary pursuit that artists, writers, poets, composers, performers take in order to “dare to dream”. She stated: “I think this takes a special sort of courage and commitement – in fact in some cases an almost obsessional determination to pursue the dream. I have quite often asked leaders in the creative arts why they chose such a difficult path. Almost invariably they answer that they had no choice – that they were driven to do what they do regardless of the obstacles and difficulties, regardless of lack of monetary reward or recognition.” That particular statement made me smile as I have seen many people in the creative arts industry tirelessly crafting their gifts and talents and not because monetary rewards or recognition are the incentive(s) (don’t get me wrong, both are great!) but they do so because of their sheer passion. According to Dame Jenny Gibbs, creative leadership exists “in a field where the odds are stacked against you, where rewards and recognition often are elusive in spite of both talent and hard work”.
Dame Jenny Gibbs described how people within the creative arts “frequently display an equivalent focus, determination and courage, to that required to climb a mountain, create a business or sail the oceans” which is an encouraging analogy particularly for myself and my passion for poetry. Much like my Tongan ancestors, poetry for me acts as the vessel by which stories are passed down from one generation to the next through oral traditions. Reading Dame Jenny Gibbs’ article made me reflect and appreciate the ongoing support and encouragement that I receive from the leaders in my family, in my circle of friends, in my place of study and in my community. She concluded her article by saying “leadership is often not obvious or noisy, but is all around us”. When your creative work positively inspires others to follow or lead in their field of interest, then YOU my friend, are a leader!
Dame Jenny Gibbs’ concluding statement reminded of this quote by Mahatma Gandhi:
Visit the Sir Peter Blake Trust website: www.sirpeterblaketrust.org
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What it is: An instant mobile answer to all your questions. Most of the nation's 230 million cellphone users can text a question and get a response. Unlike a PC search, where the response comes in the form of other links, when you text 4Info for weather, sports scores or trivia facts, the answer turns up in 10 to 15 seconds.
Who is using it: For consumers, texting continues to grow, particularly among youth. Some 99 billion text messages were sent last year, expected to hit 142 billion by 2010. Other 4Info services include a self-service marketplace that allows marketers and publishers to send text messages. The service has 2 million unique visitors and 700 publishers.
Who's backing it: Gannett, with a less-than-15% ownership stake, is a strategic investor; its USA Today newspaper is a media partner, plugging the service on its pages.
Marketing tactics: Chevrolet, Denny's restaurants and First Republic Bank have tried campaigns, while MobiTV and other mobile firms are taking ads to sell mobile applications. Evite is using 4Info to send e-mails to partygoers.
ROI: First Republic targeted by location for a low-ATM-fee promotion and reported an 18% response rate. MobiTV used 4Info click to call and had a 15% response rate. Revenue from ads is split 50-50.
The market: Heavy hitters of web search are going after the mobile market, but wireless carriers also have their hands in the pot. Unlike PC search, which roams freely around the web, mobile search can be controlled by the carriers. Verizon Wireless, for example, allows search through Medio Systems only to Verizon content.
Zaw Thet, CEO of 4Info, said his company has a leg up on Google. Publishers may use Google's AdWords, he said, but "in no way do they want to be even more beholden to Google."
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http://adage.com/article/media-morph/instant-mobile-answer-questions/116395/
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The Kidney: Morphology, Biochemistry, Physiology, Volume I focuses on present knowledge about the kidney under normal and pathological conditions, as manifested by morphological, biochemical, and physiological studies.
The selection first takes a look at the embryonic kidney and the general anatomy and histology of the kidney. Discussions focus on the morphogenesis of transient kidneys, physiology of the fetal nephron, renal malformations, vascularization of the kidney, uriniferous tubules, and innervation of the kidney. The book then examines the histochemistry of the kidney and ultrastructure of the normal and pathological glomerulus.
The manuscript ponders on electron microscopy of uriniferous tubules and ultrastructural pathology of tubules and interstitial tissue. Topics include proximal convoluted tubule, basement membranes of the tubules, capillaries, interstitial cells, morphology and functions of the tubular epithelium, fixation and preparation of tissues for electron microscopy, and structure of the submammalian vertebrate tubule.
The selection is highly recommended for morphologists, biochemists, physiologists, pathologists, pharmacologists, and clinicians.
To view this DRM protected ebook on your desktop or laptop you will need to have Adobe Digital Editions installed. It is a free software. We also strongly recommend that you sign up for an AdobeID at the Adobe website. For more details please see FAQ 1&2. To view this ebook on an iPhone, iPad or Android mobile device you will need the Adobe Digital Editions app, or BlueFire Reader or Txtr app. These are free, too. For more details see this article.
|Size: ||105.6 MB|
|Publisher: ||Academic Press|
|Date published: || 2014|
|ISBN: ||9781483271743 (DRM-PDF)|
|Read Aloud: ||not allowed|
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ALBANY — Legislation designed to improve the resiliency of New York’s food supply chain has been introduced by Assemblywoman Donna Lupardo, Chair of the Assembly Committee on Agriculture. The bill (A10607) would create a working group to provide advice, guidance, and recommendations on New York’s food supply and related supply chain logistics in the wake of COVID-19.
“This pandemic exposed a number of fundamental weaknesses in our food supply chain,” said Assemblywoman Donna Lupardo. “Because the supply chain was unable to adapt to changing market demands, bottlenecks were created in processing, distribution, and storage. Consumers watched as milk and other commodities were disposed of, at the same time food lines grew and some shortages began. The working group I’m proposing would develop contingency plans for disruptions like COVID, recommending infrastructure and other needed improvements.”
“While our food production system is strong in New York, the pandemic also exposed some fragile points along the supply chain as commodity markets were upended by sudden changes in supply and demand,” said David Fisher, New York Farm Bureau President. “New York Farm Bureau appreciates the Assembly Agriculture Committee Chair Donna Lupardo’s proactive approach to bring stakeholders together to improve the food distribution system in New York to work better for producers, consumers, and our state’s economy.”
This legislation would authorize the Commissioner of Agriculture and Markets, in coordination with the Commissioner of Economic Development, to establish a New York food supply working group. The group would include representatives from farming, food processing, food retail, foodservice, wholesalers, food transporters, labor, emergency food providers, academia, government representatives and others. Through a series of meetings and roundtables, policy recommendations would be advanced to strengthen and protect NY’s food supply chain.
–The Office of Assemblywoman Donna Lupardo
For more articles out of New York, click here.
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Botswana and Children and young people
Check the most recent online additions, updated daily.
Content from selected partners can be found by following the relevant links in the central panel below - or check out our editor's selection of the best sector specific information from other websites.
- The BLDS children & young people collection
- Search for the latest children & young people-related print documents on this country from the British Library for Development Studies collection
- The implementation and impact of national qualifications frameworks: report of a study in 16 countries.
- S. Allias / International Labour Organization 2010
- This report aimed to produce empirical evidence and analysis of countries’ experiences of introducing qualifications framework as part of a strategy to achieve skills development and employment goals. A qualifications fra...
- HIV-related discrimination among grade six Students in nine Southern African countries
- B. Maughan-Brown; N. Spaull / PLoS ONE 2014
- HIV-related stigmatisation and discrimination by young children towards their peers have important consequences at the individual level and for our response to the epidemic, yet research on this area is limited. This study exam...
- A comparison of supply chains for school food: exploring operational trade-offs across implementation models
- A. Gelli; A. Kretschmer; L. Molinas / Home Grown School Feeding 2012
- School feeding is a complex form of intervention that is delivered in various, context-specific models or configurations. This paper indicates that an increasing need for support and understanding of the different models and modalitie...
- Factors affecting prevalence of malnutrition among children under three years of age in Botswana
- S.E.O. Mahgoub; M. Nnyepi; T. Bandeke / African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 2006
- This study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey conducted to evaluate the level of malnutrition and the impact of some socio-economic and demographic factors of households on the nutritional status of children under 3years of age ...
- How effectively do National Plans of Action address the needs of the youngest orphans and vulnerable children?
- P. Engle / Bernard van Leer Foundation 2008
- Although it is recognised that the focus of support must be on all children made vulnerable by HIV and AIDS, including those living with sick parents or in extreme poverty, the youngest are often invisible to programme planners, despi...
- Life skills for young people leaving school
- Ditshwanelo - the Botswana Centre for Human Rights 2007
- Young people leaving school face many challenges in new areas of life which they may not have had to deal with while still under the care of their families. This comprehensive guide from Botswana gives advice and support to young peop...
- Examining worldwide practices of youth social entrepreneurship
- S. Maak / Child Rights Information Network 2007
- The term “social entrepreneurship” has emerged as a recognisable field in development work with young people. This growing interest began in the 1980s with the emergence of two schools of practice that aimed to invest in y...
- Harmonising child rights laws in Eastern and Southern Africa
- African Child Policy Forum 2007
- This report reviews and analyses how far 19 Eastern and Southern African countries have gone in harmonising and implementing the principles of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and the African Charter on the Righ...
- Stigma reduces take-up of support services for orphans and vulnerable children in Botswana
- G.N. Tsheko / Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa 2007
- Through a snapshot view drawn from interviews and focus groups in the town of Palapye, this book examines the situation of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in Botswana. Part of a wider project to improve support for OVC in Botswa...
- Social disruption, AIDS and poverty contribute to increasing sexual abuse of girls in Botswana
- S. Okello-Wengi / Child Rights Information Network 2005
- This study investigates girl-child abuse, especially sexual abuse, and identifies the major economic, social, and situational factors that contribute to the problem in Botswana, with the goal of lobbying government to protect children...
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On the Trail of the Orient Express: Forget the Train. We Travel From Paris to Istanbul -- The Interesting Way
Paris to Strasbourg
And a Sparkling Taste of the Good Life
Daybreak, and we’re parked outside the Gare de l’Est, one of six major railway stations that serve Paris. Nothing particularly unusual about that, perhaps, except for the cars we’re driving: a pair of California-registered Hyundai Genesis sedans, both loaded 4.6-liter V-8s. We’re a long way from Orange County, Toto. And we’re about to go farther.
The Gare de l’Est is where the famed Orient Express train began its journey. We’ve all heard of the Orient Express: It was featured in Bram Stoker’s 1897 novel “Dracula” and was the setting for Agatha Christie’s 1934 thriller, “Murder on the Orient Express.” James Bond rode it in “From Russia With Love.” It’s become a pop-culture icon.
The original Orient Express, inaugurated in October 1883, ran from Paris via Strasbourg, Munich, Vienna, Budapest, and then into Romania and Bulgaria before finishing in Istanbul, the ancient Turkish city where Europe literally meets Asia. Look at the route on a map and it screams road trip. Which is why we’re here: We’re planning an Orient Express of our own.
Our Genesis sedans — one silver, one blue — are drawing curious looks from the Parisians in the early morning traffic. The Genesis is not sold in Europe, and while Hyundai may be a latecomer to the luxury segment, it’s obvious the big, well-finished, well-proportioned sedan is sending all the right signals to an audience otherwise unfamiliar with the Korean automaker’s upmarket aspirations in the United States: The reactions are overwhelmingly positive.
We work our way through the city to the A4 autoroute, heading into the sun as the commuter traffic jams the inbound lanes. Our destination is the town of Épernay, and the headquarters of Moët & Chandon (well, this is a luxury trip). Moët’s H.Q. occupies pole position on Épernay’s Avenue de Champagne. Underneath, hundreds of thousands of bottles of liquid gold age quietly in the cool darkness of nearly 18 miles of tunnels carved into the soft chalk.
We’re met by the charming Veronique, who takes us on a tour of the historic site. We walk in the tunnel where Napoleon drank champagne with Jean-Remy Moët, grandson of company founder Claude, and under the tree where, in March 1814, the Duke of Wellington shared a glass of Moët champagne with Emperor Francis II of Austria, the Tsar of Russia, the King of Prussia, and the future King of Holland. It’s that sort of place.
As we’re about to depart, Veronique appears with a magnum of Moët’s Imperial champagne. “It’s for you to celebrate your arrival in Istanbul,” she says. Bless her.
Strasbourg to Munich
A Waltz Through the Black Forest
to the Land of Giants
We awake in the heart of Strasbourg’s medieval old town to the pitter-patter of rain on the hotel windows, and guide the Hyundais over slick cobblestones as we head east toward the Rhine, and Germany. Within 20 minutes or so, we’re on the A5 autobahn in the sunshine, heading south to Freiburg at a relaxed and legal 100 mph or so. It’s nice to be back in a country with a civilized attitude toward automobile travel…
We leave the autobahn at Freiburg and head east into the heart of the Black Forest. The Black Forest natural park covers nearly 927,000 acres between the Rhine and Neckar rivers, and in places looks a lot like the landscapes of the Cascade Range of Oregon and Washington.
While not as sporty as, say, a BMW 550i, the Genesis nonetheless proves a happy hauler along 60- to 80-mph sweepers that meander through the verdant hillsides. Grip and balance are commendable, steering is light and linear, and the power and smoothness of the Tau V-8 is impressive. On tight hairpins, the Hyundai‘s size and softer turn-in translate to moderate understeer: This Korean is a luxury sedan you want to aggressively nudge rather than flat-out push.
The wide, calm Bodensee allowed early Zeppelins to be taken out onto the water in floating hangers that could be turned against the wind so the lugubrious giants could float gently aloft. Why are we here? Well, like the Orient Express (and the Queen Mary ocean liner), the Zeppelin was the last word in luxury travel in the 1930s. If you’re a car guy, the engineering in these things is simply amazing.
At 268 yards — the length of about three American football fields — the Hindenburg was the longest aircraft ever to make a transatlantic flight. To minimize weight, even the grand piano in the passenger lounge was made of aluminum. Giant Maybach diesel engines drove the Hindenburg’s propellers through locally made ZF gearboxes (the company, which also built the six-speed automatics in our Genesis sedans, is still based in Friedrichshafen). During flights, engineers climbed ladders over open space from the main hull to access the outboard-mounted gondolas and spent four-hour shifts huddled next to the giant diesels amid an inferno of heat and noise.
It’s our very own Orient Express.
Munich to Vienna
The Long Way, Because We Feel the Need for Speed
Hammer time! We’re on the A92 autobahn that runs from Munich to Deggendorf, a small town of no particular importance except for the fact that it’s at the end of one of the quieter and less speed-limited superhighways in southern Germany. We’re here to see whether the Genesis can run with all those fancy Bimmers and Audis that are built within a few miles of this road.
The Genesis might have been designed and engineered in Korea, but the Tau V-8 feels eerily German in its power delivery. It’s smooth and linear till about 3000 rpm, then you get a noticeable surge as the engine gets a second wind; old Benz V-8s used to feel just like this. At 3000 rpm in top, the Genesis is cruising at 110 mph and could do it all day long. Wind and road noise are impressively hushed, and the car feels surprisingly relaxed.
It doesn’t take too much of a gap in the traffic for the Genesis to surge to 130, then 140 mph. We see an indicated 150 mph a couple of times. At these speeds, however, the Genesis’ demeanor gets a nervy edge. It feels like it’s balanced on the balls of its feet, moving around on the road in a way German cars never do. You need to be extra delicate with your steering inputs above 120 mph and careful with your braking, especially if you’re ambushed by a slow-moving car midway through a fast sweeper. And speaking of brakes, the standard Hyundai stoppers fade like Greg Norman on the back nine when you hustle the Genesis hard.
Of course no one in the U.S. — or the rest of the world, for that matter — is ever going to drive a Genesis at these speeds. But many of the defining characteristics of German luxury cars — excellent stability, good steering, resilient brakes, smooth engines — come from their being developed in a country where it is possible to drive 150 mph or more legally. As a luxury car, the Genesis is an impressive debut, but to truly take the fight to BMW and Audi, Hyundai engineers are going to have to start spending a lot more time on roads like the A92.
Just before Deggendorf, we turn right and head southeast on the A3 autobahn toward the Austrian border, en route to Vienna, one of the major stops on the Orient Express route. With heavy traffic, speeds are much more relaxed, and when we cross into Austria the 80-mph limit is heavily policed. What a difference the change of pace makes: During our full-throttle charge up the A92, the 4.6-liter Tau guzzled a gallon of super bleifrei every 13 miles. Holding a steady 80 mph on cruise control-with occasional stints at 60 mph for up to 10 miles through road construction-the Genesis is getting an impressive 26-27 mpg.
Vienna is a stately city, full of baroque buildings and wide boulevards. The Austrian capital, situated at the crossroads of Europe since Roman times, has been the home of princes and the heart of empire, a major player in the political and cultural development of modern Europe. So we decide to go to an amusement park. The Wurstelprater is in the corner of a small island in the Danube. It has the usual flashing lights, fast food, and ear-splitting, trashy pop music, but also boasts uniquely Viennese baroque-style buildings and an old-school amusement park ambience that would cost Disney hundreds of millions of dollars to replicate. Plus, there are a couple rides that have MT’s hard-core Six Flags veterans shaking their heads: “No way!”
Our reason for visiting the Wurstelprater is to see the Riesenrad, the giant ferris wheel that plays a supporting role in one of our all-time favorite movies, “The Third Man,” an atmospheric thriller filmed 60 years ago. Here Orson Welles delivers the movie’s most famous lines, summing up the weary cynicism of a ruined Europe on the eve of the Cold War: “You know what the fellow said: In Italy, for thirty years under the Borgias, they had warfare, terror, murder and bloodshed, but they produced Michelangelo, Leonardo Da Vinci, and the Renaissance. In Switzerland, they had brotherly love, they had five hundred years of democracy and peace. And what did that produce? The cuckoo clock.”
As we’re leaving the Wurstelprater, a group of Austrians watches us curiously. One of them spots the license plate. “California!” he shouts. “Arnold Schwarzenegger!” They all laugh. We don’t think they’re being cynical.
Vienna to Szeged
New Luxury Meets Old Europe
After an easy cruise from Vienna, we roll into Budapest, Hungary’s richly baroque capital, around lunchtime. Sitting astride the Danube River it was once two cities-aristocratic Buda on the western bank of the river and commercial Pest on the eastern. We drive up into Buda’s castle district, enjoying sweeping views of the city and the grandiose Mátyás Church, which was built sometime around 1255, plus some delectable herb risotto with chicken at the Pierrot Café, the first privately owned café to open in the city during Communist times.
When we return to the Hyundais, a young man inquires about snapping a few photos of the Genesis. “This is a very nice, expensive car,” he says. Even though most Europeans seem unaware that the Genesis is a Hyundai, they all seem to think it’s a high-class luxury car. One valet even tells photographer Brian Vance it is a ringer for a BMW.
Outside of Budapest, Hungary seems mostly flat and uninteresting. We cruise gently southeast to our destination, Szeged, the fourth-largest city in Hungary and famous for being the home of paprika and the birthplace of engineer János Csonka, coinventor of the carburetor. Szeged is still clearly hung over from decades of Communist neglect. While the center of the city is slowly being spruced up, the rest of it looks as dowdy and dilapidated as a scene from a John Le Carré novel. We see a couple of Trabants and a Wartburg.
We stop in at the Restaurant Matuzsálem for dinner, and Vance orders up a local specialty-pork rolls stuffed with cheese, bacon, and mustard, all covered in breadcrumbs and then deep-fried to a golden brown. Served with French fries, naturally. The plate looks like it could be an ad for Lipitor, but the flavors are outstanding. We wonder why more Hungarians don’t look like they’re about to audition for “Dance Your Ass Off.”
Szeged to Sibiu
Where the Cold War Still Chills
We’re heading into Transylvania. The skies should be leaden, with lightning strobing in the wet gloom and thunder grumbling like a distant artillery barrage. Instead we’re traveling in bright sunshine and a soft summer breeze.
The four-lane highway finishes just outside Szeged and, per the map, the next time we’ll see one is somewhere near the Romanian capital, Bucharest. The Garmin Nuvi (the Genesis’ standard nav system won’t read European discs) directs us down a string of back roads to an ancient car ferry over the Tisza River. The road the other side has collapsed into a series of humps and hollows that would challenge an F-150 Raptor. We have both Hyundais darting and weaving all over the road as we try to keep the wheels on the high ground — and the oil pans away from the hungry surface — as we average barely 40 mph on the run to join Route 68, the road that will take us east into Romania.
It’s been almost 20 years since the Romanians deposed Nicolae Ceausescu, but the brutal Communist dictator’s legacy is still visible. Romania has ATMs and gas stations and shiny new-car dealerships. But it also has tumbledown villages with dirt streets, hordes of battered, old Dacia 1300s (badly built 1970s Renault 12 copies), and a landscape dotted with ugly, rusting Soviet-era factories. Just outside the town of Arad, a beggar pushes a wheelchair into the middle of moving traffic at a rail crossing near a decaying power station, pulling up the pant legs of the poor unfortunate in the chair to show his amputated limbs. Rich and prosperous Europe suddenly seems a million miles away…
It takes us about eight hours to cover fewer than 250 miles. The E68, one of the main roads into the country from the west, is virtually a two-lane highway all the way. If you’re not stuck behind a semi, you’re cruising at 30 mph through one of the countless towns and villages along the way, and you have to crawl over every rail crossing or leave your front suspension behind. With traffic banked up behind a truck, impatient drivers simply pull out and pass long lines of cars, relying on someone letting them back onto the right side of the road before they head-butt an oncoming semi. When it doesn’t work, it gets messy. We see three wrecks: one car upside down by the side of the road, another teetering crazily down an embankment, and a third facing the wrong way with its front end pushed in.
Tired of being shuffled back in the line behind the trucks, we make good use of the Genesis’ 375 horsepower when we can, overtaking small groups of cars en masse so we can position ourselves to pass the lumbering semi at the head of the line. We feel sorry for those Romanians driving rattly, old Dacias that don’t have the power to pass a modern truck. They have no alternative but to sit there sniffing diesel fumes. Forever.
Sibiu to Bucharest
The Real-Life Vampire Diaries
The Col du Galibier in France. Italy’s Stelvio and the Pordoi in the Dolomites. Austria’s Grossglockner. All are Alpine passes with challenging roads and spectacular scenery that make them a must for the enthusiast. Editor-in-chief Angus MacKenzie’s driven them all, and even before we’ve reached the 6099-foot summit, he’s added Romania’s Transfagarasan Road, which crosses the brooding Carpathian Mountains, to the list.
Our approach is from the north, the road climbing through forest before snaking up a wide, open glacial valley in an exhilarating series of sweeping turns. Traffic is relatively light, so we can hustle the Hyundais a little, flicking the shifter into manual mode and working the ratios. The Genesis is a big car and a little lazy on turn-in, but it’s still fun. Not as much fun as this pass would be in a Ferrari Scuderia, though…
On the south side of the range, the road plunges quickly back into the forest and immediately gets badly acned. The Hyundais skip and jitter all over the place, the abrupt vertical motions barely tamed by the seats.
We catch some traffic too, and spend the last few miles crawling as the road jinks and jerks along the heavily wooded shoreline of Lake Vidraru before popping into bright sunshine and crossing the giant 545-foot-tall curving dam that created the 3.4-square-mile lake.
The road starts descending again after the dam, and we catch a glimpse of a ruin perched atop a solitary peak ahead — Poienari Castle, the 13th-century home of the real Dracula. Or, as the locals know him, Vlad Tepes.
In Romanian, Tepes means “The Impaler,” a name Vlad received from the grisly way he used to punish his enemies. King during the 15th century, and regarded as a folk hero by Romanians for fighting off Turkish invaders, Vlad’s actual last name was Draculea, which means son of Dracul. Bram Stoker based his antagonist-very loosely-on Tepes, though his Dracula lived in Bran Castle, located 50 miles to the east. The novel’s protagonist, Jonathan Harker, traveled the Orient Express so he could meet the mythical Count.
On the winding road leading away from Poienari, we’re moving along at what seems like a brisk 60 mph when the driver of a giant, red Iveco truck passes us under brakes on the entrance to a fast left hander, then seemingly drifts the 10-ton beast through the snug S-turn just after it. He’s good, this guy. MacKenzie comes over the radio: “I think that’s the only time I’ve been passed by a huge truck on a mountain road,” he says admiringly.
The broad avenues into central Bucharest are lined with drab, decaying concrete-and-rust Communist-era apartment blocks. Near the center of the city Ceausescu’s elaborate 1100-room, 12-story former palace, now Romania’s parliament building, reveals the obscene irony of this so-called worker’s paradise. Our hotel, the Carol Parc, is nearby, atop the highest hill in Bucharest in a charming, decayed art-nouveau neighborhood that somehow survived the megalomaniacal Ceausescu’s obsession with brutalist concrete. It’s only five-star boutique hotel in the city and, according to the manager, Beyoncé and Enrique Iglesias are just two of the famous patrons who have stayed in the posh 17-room building.
Bucharest to Istanbul
It’s Not Just the Destination. It’s the Journey
As we travel south out of Bucharest, we are driving into the unknown. Ahead lies Bulgaria, another former Soviet state — and one with an edgy reputation. We’ve heard stories of genuine Bulgarian cops routinely stopping foreign cars to impose fines for trivial traffic offenses, and of Bulgarian gangsters in fake cop uniforms that pull over and rob their victims of everything, even the clothes they stand in.
“Unless you see a proper police car nearby, do not stop,” our helpful Romanian friend at the Carol Parc Hotel advises. “What are they going to do? They’re not going to shoot you.” That’s comforting to know…We decide to stick to the speed limit and quietly cruise through Bulgaria without stopping, attracting as little attention as we possibly can.
We’re convinced we’ve taken a wrong turn as we head toward the border control area in Giurgiu, on the Romanian side of the Danube. We drive down a dusty, pothole-filled back road into what looks like a deserted factory lot, with crumbling buildings and acres of weed-filled concrete. The border guards are friendly, though, and after a cursory glance at our passports, and the carnet documents for the two Hyundais, wave us on to the giant Friendship Bridge over the Danube into the city of Ruse, and Bulgaria. The 9186-foot span is impressive, but the bridge, opened in 1954, is only two lanes wide and rougher than a back alley in Tijuana.
The highway in Bulgaria is smoother, but it’s still only a two-lane. Our plan is to follow Route 5 from Ruse south through the heart of the country, via Bjala, Veliko Tarnovo, and Stara Zagora, then turn east on Route 8 south of Dimitrovgrad and head for the Turkish border. It looks simple enough on the map, and we’re still in territory our Garmin Nuvi sat nav system recognizes. The reality proves a little more complicated.
Bulgarian signposting is haphazard, and not helped by the fact that, off the main roads, the signs are in Cyrillic script. Time-consuming diversions around construction zones are common, and even Bulgarian drivers treat Bulgarian cops with respect. Only a few brave souls pass us as we cruise along the open stretches at a leisurely and legal 56 mph, and through the numerous villages at 30 mph or less.
We average barely 35 mph for 200 miles. But the slow speeds mean we get a good look at the countryside. We drive through gently rolling hills covered with corn, sunflowers, and fruit trees, passing horsedrawn hay wagons that would look like something straight out of the 17th century, except they all have rusty, old car wheels and threadbare tires. After a couple hours, mountains appear on the horizon. It’s the eastern arm of the Balkans.
Route 5 starts twisting and climbing up the Shipka Pass just past the picturesque town of Veliko Turnovo, and as we near the top we get diverted onto a detour along a ridge roughly paralleling the main road. We round an open corner and pull off to look at the plains stretching out below us to the south. Then we look behind us and our jaws drop: A giant concrete flying saucer appears to have landed on the peak behind us. The adjacent spire and red star-and the giant sculpture of torch-bearing hands by the roadside below-clearly indicate it’s some sort of Communist structure. It’s the Buzludja Monument, built between 1974 and 1981 and used as a meeting place for Communist Party bigwigs.
Religiously observing the speed limits helps the gas mileage — the Hyundai’s trip computer shows we’re averaging 27 mpg — but doesn’t save us from getting stopped by the cops. We’d already been through a couple checkpoints without attracting attention-traffic is slowed to 25 mph to give the police a chance to carefully eyeball passing cars — but this time the officer flags us down straight away. I check for the cop car — it’s there — and pull over, expecting the worst. “Registration,” he says pointing to the front of the car. “On the back,” I reply, point to the rear of the car. The cop walks around, has a look, and walks back. “Ah, California,” he says, then smiles. “Okay, go, go,” he says, waving us on.
For some silly reason, we feel like we’ve dodged a bullet. Metaphorically speaking, of course.
It’s nearly 7 p.m. by the time we hit the Turkish border. The Bulgarian border officers glance at our papers and wave us through to the huge, sparkling-new complex on the Turkish side. Then the fun starts. The Turks aren’t being difficult, but there are procedures that must be followed. By the time we get our temporary visas, sort the import/export carnets on the cars, and the insurance, two hours pass. We wait patiently in the warm dusk air and hear the muezzin calling the faithful to evening prayer at a nearby mosque. We’ve definitely left Europe behind.
It’s all motorway into Istanbul, and with light traffic we hum along at a legal 75 mph for the first time in more than 300 miles. It feels like we’re blazing down the road; the 150 mph we saw in Germany a few days back now seems almost beyond comprehension.
The sat nav doesn’t work in Turkey, and our map doesn’t clearly show our exit into central Istanbul off the freeway. We miss it, and are forced to cross the Bosphorus on the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge north of the city before we can backtrack. After a detour to Asia and back — not many places in the world you can say that — we arrive at the elegant Ciragan Palace Hotel at about 1 a.m., tired but elated. We’ve made it. And although historic, beautiful, exotic Istanbul is a city well worth visiting on its own merits, just getting here has been an adventure.
The original Orient Express pulled into Sirkeci Station, just a couple miles down the road, some 80 hours after leaving the Gare de l’Est in Paris. One hundred and twenty-six years later, it’s taken us 137 hours, thanks to a couple of detours and stops for photography, videos, food, and sleep.
We’ve covered more than 2200 miles across seven countries, and the Hyundais haven’t missed a beat. They purr just as quietly across the Galata Bridge over Istanbul’s Golden Horn as they did around the Arc de Triomphe in Paris a week ago. In between, they’ve been driven flat out on the German autobahn, tiptoed through the cobbled streets of medieval villages, and in Romania and Bulgaria pounded for hundreds of miles over some of the roughest tarmac we’ve seen this side of a test-track durability course.
There’s a new Orient Express: Paris to Istanbul in the Hyundai Genesis. Time to crack open that magnum of Moët Imperial we brought with us from Épernay and celebrate.
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A sentence for the word chattered. ESL students, spelling bee organizers, and people looking to increase their knowledge of English might especially enjoy this webpage. The lines of text below use chattered in a sentence, and provide visitors a sentence for chattered.
- And while they worked they chattered, laughed sometimes, now and then sighed. (8)
- As the way is with men when they are too happy to be sentimental, I chattered of anything but my feelings. (10)
- Boleskey too was silent, plunged in gloom; Rozsi was dumb; Margit alone chattered. (8)
- Mary Ann Wicklow chattered all the while to the general ear. (10)
- Sir Willoughby chattered of his felicity in meeting her. (10)
- They chattered on happily till bedtime. (10)
- We chattered pleasantly at the dinner-table. (10)
Glad you visited this page with a sentence for chattered. Perhaps also see a sentence for corners and ways to use chills in a sentence. Now that you’ve seen how to use chattered in a sentence hope you might explore the rest of this educational reference site Sentencefor.com to see many other example sentences which provide word usage information.
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The global development community is teeming with different ideas and interventions to improve the lives of the world's poorest people. Whether these succeed in having a transformative impact depends not just on their individual brilliance but on whether they can be brought to a scale where they reach millions of poor people.
Getting to Scale explores what it takes to expand the reach of development solutions beyond an individual village or pilot program so they serve poor people everywhere. Each chapter documents one or more contemporary case studies, which together provide a body of evidence on how scale can be pursued. The book suggests that the challenge of scaling up can be divided into two solutions: financing interventions at scale, and managing delivery to large numbers of beneficiaries. Neither governments, donors, charities, nor corporations are usually capable of overcoming these twin challenges alone, indicating that partnerships are key to success.
Scaling up is mission critical if extreme poverty is to be vanquished in our lifetime. Getting to Scale provides an invaluable resource for development practitioners, analysts, and students on a topic that remains largely unexplored and poorly understood.
Contributors: Tessa Bold (Goethe University, Frankfurt), Wolfgang Fengler (World Bank, Nairobi), David Gartner (Arizona State University), Shunichiro Honda (JICA Research Institute), Michael Joseph (Vodafone), Hiroshi Kato (JICA), Mwangi Kimenyi (Brookings), Michael Kubzansky (Monitor Inclusive Markets), Germano Mwabu (University of Nairobi), Jane Nelson (Harvard Kennedy School), Alice Ng'ang'a (Strathmore University, Nairobi), Justin Sandefur (Center for Global Development), Pauline Vaughan (consultant), Chris West (Shell Foundation)
About Laurence ChandySee more books from this Author
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The question surfaces each time a mass murder unfolds: Will this one change the political calculus in Washington against tougher gun control?
The massacre at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Conn., the bloodiest attack against youngsters in the nation's history, stands as a possible tipping point after Washington's decade-long aversion even to talking about stricter gun laws.
So it seems in the stunned aftermath, judging from President Barack Obama's body language as much as his statement. "We have been through this too many times," said the famously composed president, this time moved to tears. "We're going to have to come together and take meaningful action to prevent more tragedies like this, regardless of the politics."
It remains to be seen whether Sandy Hook will break the usual cycle of universal shock fading into political reality. That reality is based on a combination of powerful gunlobbying and public opinion, which has shifted against tougher gun control and stayed that way. However lawmakers react this time, it's the president's call whether the issue fades again or takes its place alongside the legacy-shaping initiatives of his time, with all the peril that could mean for his party.
With the murder rate less than half what it was two decades ago, and violent crime down even more in that time, gun control has declined as a political issue.
But New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg, a gun control advocate, heard the familiar in Obama's initial response, despite the striking emotion.
"Not enough," Bloomberg said of Obama's words. "We have heard all the rhetoric before. What we have not seen is leadership — not from the White House and not from Congress. That must end today."
The Newtown shooter brought three guns into the school, and the weapons were registered to his slain mother, according to a law enforcement official who was not authorized to discuss information with reporters and spoke on condition of anonymity. The official said a Glock and a Sig Sauer, both pistols, and a .223-caliber Bushmaster rifle were found in the school after the attack, and a fourth weapon was recovered outside.
One certainty in the weeks to come is that both parties in Washington will carefully watch public opinion on gun control and the Second Amendment, and whether any impact lasts.
Opposition to stricter laws has proved resilient. Firearms are in one-third or more of households and suspicion runs deep of an overbearing government whenever it proposes expanding federal authority. The argument of gun-rights advocates that firearm ownership is a bedrock freedom as well as a necessary option for self-defense has proved persuasive enough to dampen political enthusiasm for substantial change.
In July, a gunman opened fire on Aurora, Colo., theatergoers watching the Batman movie, "The Dark Knight Rises," killing 12 people. The next month, an Associated Press-National Constitution Center poll found that 49 percent of Americans felt laws limiting gun ownership infringe on the right to bear arms, while only 43 percent said such laws do not infringe on those rights.
By many measures, Americans have changed on the question since the 1990s, when people favored gun control over gun rights — by a 2-to-1 margin in polling after the 1999 Columbine High School massacre in Colorado. In a Gallup poll last year, 55 percent said gun laws should stay the same or be more lenient, while 43 percent wanted them toughened.
None of this is lost on Washington, where most Democrats long ago abandoned their advocacy of gun control, convinced that it is a losing issue for them. Obama has proposed reinstituting a federal ban on military-style assault weapons that lapsed years ago, but he's put no weight behind it, while signing laws letting people carry concealed weapons in national parks and in checked bags on Amtrak trains.
After the movie-theater attack, Obama declared "we should leave no stone unturned" to keep young people safe in a speech indicating he would challenge Congress to act on gun control. That expectation lasted for one day. The White House swiftly clarified that Obama would not propose stiffer gun laws this election year and favored more effective enforcement of existing law — a position hardly distinguishable from that of his Republican rival, Mitt Romney.
Likewise, early last year, Obama weighed in on guns after an assailant killed six people and wounded 13, shooting then-Rep. Giffords in the head outside a grocery store in Tucson, Ariz. The president called for "sound and effective steps" in gun laws as part of a "new discussion on how we can keep America safe for all our people." He soon went back to silence on the topic and gun-control advocates waited in vain for the steps.
With his last presidential campaign behind him, Obama is freer to take up contentious matters that he wouldn't touch when he was an incumbent seeking re-election. Odds are favorable that he will have at least one vacancy to fill on a Supreme Court now closely divided on gun cases.
The Aurora attack happened in the heat of the campaign, when Democrats wanted no trouble from gun owners. In its first official response to the killings, Obama's White House pledged to protect fundamental gun rights. Obama and his spokesmen never failed to couple his wish for "common-sense measures" with his devotion to the Second Amendment.
But after the massacre of children Friday, Obama spoke mainly of the anguish, and the need for action, and not at all about the right to bear arms.
By the standards of gun-control politics, that alone was a crack in the status quo.
Associated Press writer Matt Apuzzo in Newtown, Conn., contributed to this report.
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(CNN) -- Iran should release seven Baha'i prisoners accused of espionage because it does not have any evidence against them, their lawyer Shirin Ebadi told CNN on Saturday.
Attorneys Abdolfattah Soltani, left, and Shirin Ebadi, shown in Tehran in 2004.
"In the files, in the case basically, there is nothing, no reason that basically convicts them," said Ebadi, a Nobel Peace Prize laureate.
The trial will begin Tuesday despite the fact that one of their lawyers is behind bars and Ebadi is outside the country.
Other attorneys can be appointed, Hassan Haddad of the Prosecutor's Office in Tehran told the state-run Islamic Republic News Agency.
But the court must recognize the replacements, who are colleagues of Ebadi at her Tehran-based Defenders of Human Rights Center, not appoint other lawyers, Ebadi said.
The imprisoned lawyer, Abdolfattah Soltani, is a well-known advocate with the human rights center. He was arrested in the aftermath of Iran's disputed June 12 presidential election and is being held at Evin prison, the same place where his clients are detained, according to the International Campaign for Human Rights.
He is being held on charges of taking "measures against national security," Ebadi said. "Mr. Soltani is completely innocent."
Soltani had an opportunity to leave prison, but under conditions he chose not to accept, Ebadi said.
Along with not giving any interviews after his release, Soltani would also have to end his work with the human rights center and no longer support Ebadi, she said.
In another attack on the law firm, a lawyer was arrested after agents entered the center with guns, searched each room and then declared that they found opium on the premises, Ebadi said.
That lawyer, whose family had been harassed by police, accused the agents of planting the opium, she said.
Ebadi was on a speaking tour when Soltani was arrested and has not returned to Iran.
The firm founded by Ebadi took up the case of the seven Baha'is last year. They are accused of spying for Israel, spreading propaganda against the Islamic republic and committing religious offenses. The Baha'i International Community, which has a delegation to the United Nations, denies the allegations.
The evidence against the defendants includes communication from Israel, but that is because the Baha'i World Center has its headquarters in Israel, said Kit Bigelow, director of external affairs at the American Baha'i Community. Prosecutors are calling that communication espionage, she said.
Human rights groups have demanded the release of the prisoners and accused the government of targeting them because of their religious beliefs.
The Baha'i faith originated in 19th-century Persia, and while modern-day Iran does not recognize it, the government denies any mistreatment of the members of the largest non-Muslim religious minority.
The International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran has reported a rise in persecution of Baha'is in recent years, including cemetery desecration, arbitrary detention, home raids, property confiscation, work expulsion and denial of basic civil rights.
The case of the seven Baha'is has drawn global attention. Roxana Saberi, the Iranian-American journalist freed from Evin prison earlier this year, spoke on their behalf, as have Human Rights Watch and the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom, an independent bipartisan federal commission.
The defendants face the death penalty if convicted.
Six of the defendants were arrested in May 2008 at their Tehran homes, and one was arrested in the eastern city of Mashad in March 2008, said Diane Ala'i, the Baha'i International Community's representative to the United Nations. The defendants were held under solitary confinement for the first five months of their incarceration, she said.
The investigation into the charges against the prisoners concluded months ago and the trial was initially scheduled to start in July. Iran has continued to hold them in Evin prison without access to their lawyers and with minimal contact with their families, Ala'i said.
CNN's Moni Basu contributed to this report.
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Workers compensation legal requirements
What Happens if you have a work related illness or injury at work?
The primary goal of WHS legislation is the prevention of work-related illness and injury. This goal is reflected in WHS legislation. In the event of failure to prevent illness and injury then workers compensation legislation provides for the rehabilitation of workers and compensation for losses arising from the illness or injury. Rehabilitation and workers’ compensation are covered in each state and territory under workers compensation acts. Rehabilitation focuses on returning a worker to their pre-illness or injury status as soon as possible. This involves covering the costs and providing for medical and any other treatments (e.g. physiotherapy, drugs, etc.) and helping the worker to return to their former duties or find alternative duties if this is not possible. Compensation provides for loss of income due to inability to work and may include some financial payment related to disability incurred and/or pain and suffering.
If you are sick or injured at work you should report immediately to your supervisor or first aid officer. The supervisor or first aid officer will organise the treatment you need for the illness or injury.
If you have a work related injury and cannot work for a period then you may be entitled to workers compensation. In this case you should talk with your supervisor or go to the human resources (HR) department and ask for a workers compensation claim form. You will also need a medical certificate from a medical practitioner. Your supervisor or the HR department can help you fill out the form and explain the process of lodging a claim. You may also need assistance to return to work. For example your doctor may advise you to return to work initially on a part-time basis and build the time you work gradually until you are fully fit to resume fulltime work. This process is called rehabilitation.
Workers compensation is set out in workers compensation laws in each state and territory of Australia. It is compulsory for employers to hold workers compensation insurance to provide coverage for their employees in the event of a work related illness or injury. Insurance coverage is provided irrespective of the cause of the illness or injury or of the contribution of the worker to the accident.
Benefits under workers compensation legislation are based on the nature of the injury and the average wage paid to the employee. Depending on the nature and seriousness of the accident or illness, entitlements for sick or injured workers may include:
- the cost of medical treatment
- related expenses such as pharmaceutical and pathology tests
- hospital costs
- replacing lost personal effects damaged in the accident
- weekly payments to compensate for lost wages
- a lump sum payment to compensate for permanent disability
- payment to compensate for pain and suffering
- payment for permanent disfigurement
- rehabilitation/return to work costs.
What assistance is given to return to work after a work related injury?
If you have a work related injury and your doctor advises that you are unfit for normal duties and need assistance to help you to return to your normal work then you are entitled to rehabilitation in the form of a return to work program.
The rehabilitation sections of the relevant state workers compensation act stipulate that employers must provide rehabilitation services to employees who are off work or not fully fit for their normal duties, as a result of a workplace related event.
To do this, your workplace is required under the legislation to have:
- a policy and procedures for rehabilitating workers
- a coordinator of the rehabilitation/return to work program in the workplace
- access to the services of rehabilitation providers who can assist with the return to work program.
A work-related injury or illness may have a big impact on your life. Research has shown that getting back to work is important for your health and wellbeing. The earlier you start planning to return to work, the better your chances of getting back sooner.
You may not have to wait until you are 100 per cent recovered to return to work. It’s important to try to keep positive and motivated – focus on what you can do, rather than what you can’t. Whether it’s on reduced hours in your regular job or on modified or alternative duties, getting back to work is part of your rehabilitation. Talk to your treating doctor about what will help you to get back to your pre-injury status. Take the medical certificate to your HR department. They will direct you to the Return to Work Coordinator. You can work with your Return to Work Coordinator and supervisor to plan your return to work program. Rehabilitation service providers may be involved if required. Rehabilitation service providers are external experts with technical expertise in returning injured workers to work. Return to work is a team effort and communication between everyone involved in your return to work is essential.
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The Guardian and New York Times writer James Montague tells The Voice of London about the reality behind American ownership in football, its genesis and impact.
That Americans don’t know much about football has become a cliché almost as common as that white men can’t jump. Yet, in London there are three clubs owned by investors from across the pond: Arsenal, Crystal Palace and Fulham. What else is a common thread between them? They haven’t been particularly successful for some time now.
“It’s just a different way of getting what success is,” says James Montague, author of the book The Billionaires Club, which delves into the issue of wealthy oligarchs taking over football.
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Listen to James Montague bringing up the only non-money American takeover story, explaining the origin of the term ‘soccer’ and talking over the anti-Americanism in football.
For football fans, success means glory. Simple as that. Glory from winning cups for the top-table clubs. Glory from over-performing or pulling off a miracle for the small or medium market clubs. From setting off on an exciting, Tottenham-like project or, from fighting for promotion to an upper division.
However, the aforementioned clubs have hardly been through good times recently. A lack of on-pitch stability, lowering standards and early-season disappointments – that’s the reality for those fans who sometimes cannot bear the owners from across the pond anymore.
“Somebody like [Stan] Kroenke would say ‘look, we’ve won the FA Cup two years in the row’,” Montague explains. “He’s famous for saying on the record ‘you are not in it to win trophies’.”
That’s the mantra the Arsenal owner has brought with him from the States. His Denver Nuggets, playing in the NBA, and LA Rams from the NFL haven’t made it to the post-season since 2013 and 2005 accordingly.
But, the Nuggets are profitable and have expand their brand globally, having played in London last year, for instance. The Rams, who have just moved to LA, an up-market city, played in London this year as well; and will soon be homed at a new, £3bn stadium in Hollywood Park, the world’s most expensive sports arena.
“The people involved in ownership at Arsenal, Fulham, Palace; they are not idiots. These guys are very, very successful businessmen who know how to make money out of sports teams. The way the clubs are being run, they are being run like businesses which,” Montague says, preparing football fans for a sting straight to their hearts, “doesn’t necessarily mean you are going to win cups.”
The Glazers were the trailblazers for the Americans here in the UK. Envisioning the club’s global commercial potential, they borrowed money against its value and then leveraged the buy-out between 2003 and 2005.
Although the severe criticism pouring from the fans experiencing first-hand the hurtful big-money takeover, Manchester United have been incredibly successful since then, despite the recent post-Ferguson hiccups, winning all the trophies a club can possibly win.
“When Malcolm Glazer died, there was a big piece in one of the Florida papers [the Glazers own NFL’s Tampa Bay Buccaneers] they said this guy has kind of revolutionised America’s thinking on sports business outside the US.
“There is also a great interview with Jerry Jones, the owner of the Dallas Cowboys. What the Glazers did at United, for Jones it was a huge success and a model for others to follow.”
You can guess, the Cowboys haven’t played in the Super Bowl since 1995. But, the franchise is the most valuable sports enterprise in the world.
That’s the money-orientated thinking that has attracted the Americans to the British sports market. The booming TV rights deal and global marketing potential of the clubs have created financial opportunities never before seen in football; which couldn’t go unnoticed by the hard-headed Americans who have capitalism running in their blood.
“There is an interesting story how Kroenke came to Arsenal in the first place. He was in Hong Kong doing business, he looked at a newspaper and it was just wall to wall Premier League football. That’s how he came to decide ‘this is something we have to look at’.”
The takeovers of some sports entities in Europe could well be just the beginning. The Americans might not know much about football, but they do about business; and with their money they have the power to push certain ideas that facilitate their interests even further.
The closed-league format, inspired by American major sports leagues, has been an inspiration for football grandees for a while, exemplified by the constant tinkering with the most prestigious club competition – the Champions League.
No relegation or promotion means protection, and securing the long-term futures of their investments. That’s the kind of thinking that actually pretty much converges with the interests of sports investors from all around the world, thus the pressure to adapt the model mounts.
“We already have kind of semi-closed European Super League and it will get worse,” Montague says about this year’s changes to the Champions League allowing the Premier League to have five clubs playing in the competition, for instance.
“We might be just a couple of years away from a big team not qualifying for the Champions League and given a kind of wild card pass. It’s going to be chipped away.
“I think what is going to come next is a global closed Super League. If you think about the number of fans and growth of football in China. A team like Guangzhou Evergrande is going to be compatible to any big European club in terms of fanbase, money, type of players you can attract.”
And that rings a bell. We’ve already had proposals of the North European League, and we’ve seen big offers from the Middle East for Barcelona or Manchester United to participate in their Super League project making the headlines.
Money and prestige over football, matchday excitement, trophies and results? Sadly that looks like an ongoing process. The oversimplification of our beloved sport, to just some financial results, means the issue of American ownership, under which many clubs are in decline, is not a hoodoo. It’s a pattern.
Out of political dimension, opportunistic, nationality ignoring, and absolutely devoted to profit-making; this model is changing the vintage definition of success, in which to compete is to earn. The desire to win is being put on the back burner.
Perhaps it is time to start appreciating lower league competitions, domestic cup success, or any form of competitiveness a bit more until it’s too late? If ‘we are not in here for cups’ they might disappear for good, sooner than expected.
Words: Damian Burchardt | Subbing: Étienne Fermie
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The horrifying saga of the Nechemya Weberman trial and the guilty verdict on 59 or 60 of the consolidated counts has caught the attention of the world.
If the allegations are true, as guilty verdicts tend to indicate, and as the existence of 11 other victims too fearful to step forward indicates, then what we have here is truly sickening.
We have a 12-year-old girl that did not quite meet the standards of the community around her. The school officials refused to admit her back into the school unless her parents pre-paid for therapy—to the tune of $12,900.
And then she suffers three years of horrifying abuse at the hands of the very “therapist” that the school had required her to meet with regularly. Imagine the pain of such a girl who must endure the sickest of acts—with the knowledge that no one would believe her if she told of what was being done to her.
The Navi cries out, “Bagda Yehuda v’soaivah ne’esasa b’Yisrael!” Our schools are named after our heilege imahos and avos. And the matriarch, Mama Rachel, is crying now. Of that there is no doubt.
Our schools have handed over these precious souls to monsters for abuse. And then, when they ultimately come forward, we vilify them and their families. We exclude them from our camps and our schools.
Hakezona ya’aseh es achoseini?
And this was aided and abetted by the kehilah leadership, rachmana litzlan! The kehilah leadership! Not even a brush full of the blackest of paint could put such horrors on a canvas!
Has there ever been such a parallel in our entire history?
During the reign of Nicholas the First, y’s, in Tsarist Russia, we had something close, when he initiated the heartless conscription of precious Jewish children for 25 years in the Russian army. The kehillah leadership selected the recruits. They were from the weakest of the weak, the young boys of defenseless widows. The kehillah had hired vicious people called, “khappers” who would do the vile deeds.
It was the Bubby of Yehuda Leib Katzenelson, who best related the dark history of this time, a history that finds parallel in our very own times now too:
“First I thought that the khappers could only be Plishtim or mizera Amalek. But no, my child, to my horror, to our great shame and horror, the khappers, all of the khappers were, in fact, Yidden. Yidden mit beard un payos! And that is our greatest problem. We Jews are accustomed to attacks, lies, libels, and evil decrees from anti-Semites, yes. This has happened from the dawn of time, and such is our lot in the galus. In the past, our enemies held a cross in one hand and a knife in the other and said, “Jew! Kiss the cross or feel the blade of the knife!” and Jews preferred death rather than conversion. But now there comes Yidden, fruma Yidden, who capture children and send them off to oblivion. Such a punishment was not even listed in the most horrible curses of the toychacha. Yidden spilling the blood of their brothers! And, rachmana litzlan, the rabbanim are silent!”
Her words, so poignant and so painful, describe the fate of this dear daughter of Williamsburg as well, who suffered not once but twice! Once at the hand of her tormentor and again at the hands of our community who so abandoned her.
The horrifying reality is that all this was brought about by the existence of a so-called “Vaad HaTzniyus!” Clearly, we need to do teshuvah. We need a teshuvah so profound and deep that it should shake the very mountains that surround us.
This op-ed does not mean to question the notion of an institution that watches over tzniyus within Torah communities. The need for an oversight committee to ensure that matters between the genders do not get out of hand is established both in the Talmud, the Shulchan Aruch, as well as in the codes and laws of numerous societies and nations throughout history.
What we are questioning, however, is how this particular Vaad HaTzniyus is staffed and operated. The revelations made in this trial and by various people who have been in touch with rabbanim as to their experiences are appalling.
It seems, unfortunately, that we have allowed this institution to run amok, staffed by corrupt individuals, who have lost all sense of propriety in what types of behaviors the Torah demands of us. The Weberman case reveals the tip of the iceberg in how low we have sunk in terms of corruption, extortion, and yes, violations of arayos.
If we look into the halachic sources, the officers of these organizations must be an extension of a beis din. It is sad to say that in this Vaad HaTzniyus, there is no affiliation whatsoever with the community beis din—they are gangs of self-appointed ruffians with little or no Torah training whatsoever, who use threats and intimidations to line their own pockets or to fulfill some psychological need to exert power over others. In short, the Williamsburg community must face up to what we have allowed to develop within our midst.
We have our own home-brewed mafia.
This mafia is not represented by poskim, rabbanim, or by batei dinim. Indeed, our Torah leaders are frightened to take a stand against their excesses. We need to take steps to remedy this situation, and we need to do so now.
Firstly, we must abolish the current organizations now and disenfranchise them from any power base that we can. The Vaad HaTzniyus organizations and everyone involved in them must be directly run by batei dinim and poskim. The beis din must have oversight over every individual involved in these activities and anything said and done must have the approval of qualified poskim.
Secondly, like in other areas of halacha, the beis din should have the ability to consult with trained experts in the medical, psychological, social work, and legal fields to assist and advise in their decision as to what is proper and appropriate. Violations of hilchos yichud with a 12-year-old girl is never appropriate, notwithstanding Mr. Weberman’s horrible and incorrect misrepresentation that hilchos yichud is not a Torah violation.
Thirdly, we cannot have the chillul Hashem of forcing clients, students, or others who may have stumbled to attend “therapy sessions” with non-professionals who happen to be our own family members. Therapists should only be of the same gender as the client, and must be unrelated to the one pushing the recommendation. As Torah Jews we must make every effort to avoid even the appearance of impropriety. Here we have what appears to be gross and wholesale “scams.” The chilul Hashem that we have all witnessed here in the past two years is of a dimension never seen in our history.
And finally, we must end the culture of punishing those who come forward. The menahelim of the schools that refused admittance to family of those who came forward must be either removed from their positions or severely warned. They must be identified and told not to do so again. We must learn the lesson of this toeivah that happened in Klal Yisrael and make sure that it never happen again.
In the early 1850’s when the great gaon and tzaddik Rav Eliyahu Shik of Grodno found out about the kehillah’s involvement in the horrible reality of khapping yiddisher kinder, he called upon everyone to “revolt and rebel against the heads of the kehilah, to tear the kahal building to shreds.” He himself ran with an axe in his hand in front of the crowd that had gathered, each man armed with an axe. Before they were stopped they had broken the iron bolts on the door of the kahal building and freed the three young men that were held there.
Our reaction must be to immediately dissolve this Vaad HaTzniyus which forced Yiddishe girls into the hands of a monster. Their names should be recorded and never again must such people be put in charge of such grave matters of responsibility. A vaad of tzniyus must only be direct representatives of choshuvah and leading poskim well respected throughout the Torah world. And no matter who it may be, which meyuchasdika person, we must never forget the holy words of Chazal, “Ein apitropus l’arayos—no one, absolutely no one can be trusted alone in matters of arayos.”
Posted by Rabbi Nuchem Rosenberg at 12/12/2012
The Chappers and the Klappers
Rabbi Nuchem Rosenberg
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The adverse impact of the pandemic on the arts and cultural sector is widely acknowledged. The collapse in income and employment comes on the heels of a decade-long decline in public funding and a growing precarity amongst cultural workers. The brunt of the pandemic, the ‘great unequaliser’, has fallen differently on full-time permanents and insecure casuals, on well-paid arts sector CEOs and the self-employed. The established patterns of inequality in class, gender, race, disability and region—well-documented long before the pandemic—have been reinforced. Whatever the effects of the government’s ‘bail-out’ – beyond mothballing what Oliver Dowden called the country’s ‘crown jewels’—it is safe to say that any recovery may be a long time coming.
Cultural workers have joined their close relatives in the lower reaches of higher education, where, as in health, social services, public transport and social housing, ‘essential’ has become synonym for low paid and precarious. This is a stunning fall from grace. Only two decades ago culture, glamorously rebadged as the ‘creative industries’, was set to spearhead a revitalised UK PLC, regenerate our cities, and remake us as the new ‘creative workshop of the world’. Some of that clings on in the 2018 ‘industry strategy’, the first since the bad old days of ‘picking winners’ in the 1970s, where the creative industries were to be part of the UK’s hi-tech competition with China. But the Tories slashed arts and culture funding, dragged their feet on their high-profile arts relief package, and gave jobs in the “Red Wall” rustbelt the rhetorical priority, not millennials sipping flat whites in the metropolis.
Whilst conditions for cultural workers should be a central concern, as livelihoods and careers, institutions and embedded knowledge evaporate, a return to a status quo ante is not feasible. Public policy for art and culture, a crucial part of our democratic contestations since the 1960s, has been eviscerated, along with so much of the infrastructure of social and cultural citizenship. This is not just the work of the Tory austerity drive but goes back to New Labour and a creative industries ‘imaginary’ by which they positioned themselves at the cutting edge of global modernity.
The Creative Industries Imaginary
This imaginary had an enormous influence on how art and culture came to be valued by the public, government and industry alike. Inclusion in the 2018 industrial strategy was the pinnacle of an ambition to establish culture as central to the post-industrial ‘knowledge’ economy, transforming the rebellious energies of the 1970s into the ‘proper jobs’ of the 1990s. The creative industries had emerged as one of the few explicit continuities between Old and New Labour. The Greater London Council’s 1980s ‘cultural industries’ had coupled post-Fordist economy with popular culture and the radical politics of post-’68 social movements. Recast in new guise in 1998, the ‘creative industries’ offered the prospect of high-value, innovation-rich and meritocratic employment without requiring the kind of industrial strategy New Labour was keen to offload. Channelling the distant memory of Wilson’s ‘white hot heat’ through the radical revisionism of ‘New Times’, the creative industries helped New Labour to regain its hold on the future.
We should be wary of dismissing this as purely Blairite PR, as it captured a zeitgeist that ran deeper than the infamous ‘Britpop party’ at Number 10. For sure, the Dot-Com inspired rebadging of art and culture as ‘creative’ was pure spin, just as including IT and computing (inflating the employment figures by nearly 50 percent) was, as one insider put it, pure ‘scam’. Yet the creative industries promised hope after the dislocation of the Thatcher and Major years. They held out possibilities for new kinds of meaningful work, for self-creation, and for grassroots micro-businesses transforming and energising our cities. The creative industries would redeem the promise of culture—especially post-sixties popular culture—but by working in partnership with the market, rather indulging in patrician disdain or bohemian opposition. This appealed to the globalising technocrats so central to the Blairite project, but also to a ‘Gen X’, trying to make its way in the aftermath of Thatcher’s counter-revolution.
By 2008 the shine had already worn off, and ‘Generation Left’ inherited the ruins. Despite the rhetoric, most creative industry growth was contained within IT and communications, largely benefitting the new media monopolists alongside the long-incumbent corporations. Freelancing and entrepreneurial ‘independence’ helped mainstream the ‘gig economy’, now increasingly absorbed into the networks of platform capitalism. Inequality in the creative workforce became further entrenched. Cities got their creative make-over, but the main beneficiary was global development capital. Many local and grassroots cultural economies were left to flounder or sink as ‘cultural regeneration’ strengthened its grip. While New Labour increased public funding for the traditional arts, especially the GLAM infrastructure, this was accompanied by the punitively bureaucratic KPI regime we have come to associate with ‘actually existing neoliberalism’. Yet neither New Labour nor the Tories ever really took the idea of the arts as ‘industry’ seriously. When finally incorporated in 2018, the industrial strategy was not predicated on creative arts and culture per se but focussed on digital and technological innovation (basically, consumer VR and AI), exportable screen content and opening new post-Brexit markets in China.
Culture and the Radical Left
The Left should not be tempted to unmask all this as a cynical ploy nor dismiss it as just the ideology of the metropolitan ‘centrist dads’ who abandoned Corbyn in 2019. Its ending is a collective deflation, a puncturing of an imaginary which, for all its accelerationist, ‘acid Thatcherism’ overtones, represented for many a hopeful vision of the future. The imaginary of the creative industries absorbed the cultural politics of the radical left across a decade of demoralisation and defeat, preserving, for a time, the energies still visible in the final blaze of the Greater London Council. It ended by thoroughly debilitating the cultural left, hollowing out the language of democratic emancipation with the insidious discourse of homo economicus, the everyday vernacular of capitalist realism. The long march of social democracy through the institutions of cultural citizenship—education, public administration, the cultural sector itself—begun during the New Deal and accelerated after 1945, has been halted. The Gramsci-reading agents of ‘dark money’ have succeeded, finally, in either turfing out an oppositional Left or subjecting cultural institutions to a slow strangulation. Those remaining have lost their capacity to articulate any coherent opposition, continuing to wave their statistics and impact statements at a government that relishes its ability to simply ignore them.
Under Corbyn, Labour responded to concerns about low pay, precarity and the lack of diversity in the cultural sector, with many welcoming its concern with the more-than-economic value of culture. But nothing coherent emerged, as one might expect from a party riven by the political dynamics that underlay Brexit. If the technocrats and Gen X still looked to the creative heydays of the 1990s, many around Corbyn dismissed culture as post-68 identity politics. As with the Tories, ‘Blue Labour’ and the old left focused on those generations left behind by global modernisation, bread and butter class issues uppermost, not millennial cultural concerns. Any cultural policy must begin to make connections across these divides. If a radical post-68 left is to re-emerge at the core of a new ‘cultural front’, a broad class-based politics in new a ‘popular bloc’, then it needs to seriously rethink culture after the creative industries.
A New Imaginary?
A Labour cultural policy should articulate a distinctive vision for the future, part of a wider hegemonic shift in social perspective, from post-industrial boosterism to social justice and a sustainable future. What might this new imaginary look like?
First, it would need to engage in a discursive struggle to return a sense of culture as both public value and participatory entitlement, part of what TH Marshall called ‘social citizenship’—that inclusive bargain between governments and people which the last 40 years has worked so hard to rip up. It would have to de-couple art and culture from an alignment with an ever-expanding consumer economy, and with ‘creativity’ as an economic input at the cutting edge of a ‘post-industrial’ creative economy. Rather, we would need to reposition culture within an economy of needs, an ‘everyday’ or ‘foundational’ economy, re-aligning arts and culture with public services—health, education, social services or housing. Public services along with utilities, transport and food form a high proportion, often a majority, of the economic activities of local towns, cities and rural areas. Support for arts and culture should be combined with this everyday economy, not be hived off into some growth compact with a ‘creative class’.
Second, promoting art and culture as part of a foundational or everyday economy, is not simply about providing state-funded culture directly to the public, but creating a mixed economy. Tony Judt once argued that railways ought to be nationalised, but not necessarily the sandwiches. For decades now culture has been seen as mainly sandwiches. It is both. The premium should be on meaningful participation, the more local the better, encouraging a diverse set of organisational structures (co-ops, digital commons, rent collectives and so on) in a genuinely inclusive cultural economy. Much of this is being explored in the experiments of the ‘new municipalism’, but remains latent in older forms of civic cultural amenities and services.
Third, the increasing intersection of culture with sustainability and Green New Deal thinking would be much better placed if culture was not regarded (or dismissed) as simply an ‘experience’ industry that deals in ephemeral and infinite desire—but rather as a route to participation in progressive social change and a vital component of what makes life worth living. Access to a public cultural infrastructure is a basic prerequisite for participation in the shared journey of our democratic life. Having the means to develop a taste for one’s own culture, alone or with others, in the home or in public, is a vital freedom that such an infrastructure can help to nurture.
Fourth, finding ways to challenge the precipitous rise in casualised, low paid work is paramount, as is addressing the lack of social diversity in the cultural sector. Such concerns have been centre stage for some time now and should remain so. But enumeration of inequalities is not enough; we need a vision of what fair and decent work might actually look like in the arts and cultural sector—a better idea of ‘creative justice’. Above all, we must recognise that culture is not just infrastructure, or economy, but imaginary, and that they all work together. In this we need also to reaffirm the value of art, not as discriminatory closure but as expressive life that includes all texts and artefacts from pop music and video games to dance and installations.
The challenge for cultural policy is therefore to articulate a new cosmopolitan social vision, uncoupled from nationalist narratives, civilisational superiority or enlightenment hubris. Explicit opposition to the Right’s manufacturing of regressive ‘culture wars’ must be a given. The wider aim is to articulate the radical sense of a new communal luxury in which art and culture are part of the everyday, and cared for, possessed in common as part of social citizenship. It needs to re-enter and remake those institutions from which it has been ejected or left to starve.
In the 1930s, there was a union movement, a complex web of working class and liberal philanthropic networks, and indeed the USSR, which funnelled in material support before it became a dead hand. It is going to be hard to rebuild such an organisational capacity rooted in a wider popular movement, but this has to be our task.
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Meditation on the Spiritual Eye
Sit as above. Practise Jyoti mudra 3 times. Then sit quietly concentrating on the mid eyebrow center. Concentrate on any light that becomes perceptible. In the beginning you may not see any light just an empty darkness or a somewhat hazy glow. Keep looking intently, be still, calm but fully concentrated. As and when you see any speck of tight or some colored glow, concentrate gaze steadily. Many colored lights of different shapes and intensities will appear from time to time. Do not waste time in trying to analyze them. Just know that the astral body is made of such colored lights. Regular practice of Jyoti mudra and steady gazing at the eyebrow center will reveal a golden circular light with a blue circle inside it. This is the light of the spiritual eye. Inside the blue circle advanced Yogis see a five pointed white star. This star is the focal point of advance concentration and meditation. Yogis penetrate their consciousness through this star and experience the infinite kingdom of God beyond and its bliss.
Meditation on the cosmic sound of ‘OM'
Prepare a wooden structure like that of a T. Sit as above. Place the T between your legs and rest your elbow above it for support. Plug your ears with clean cotton wool. Then press the tragus of each ear with your thumb to close the ears completely and block out all external sounds. Place your little fingers at the corner of each eye exerting a very slight pressure on each eyeball. The eyelids should be closed and eyeballs gazing at the mid eyebrow center. The other fingers gently placed on the forehead.
Now concentrate on any sound you hear inside your closed ear. Forgetting every thing just keep absorbing your mind in listening to the inner sounds. As the sound becomes loud and clear; concentrate on the background of the loud sound to hear the deeper inner astral sounds. Many sounds of different types will be heard.
The advance yogis patiently wait for the sound of ‘OM' to be heard, which is the sound produced by the vibrating Ajna Chakra When they hear the sound they concentrate on that sound and find their consciousness expanding spherically beyond their body infinitely. This expansion of consciousness brings great bliss to the yogi.
Sit as above. Visualize the sushumna nadi as a hollow tube and the chakras as beautifully blossomed lotus flowers. Study the characteristics of each chakra, specially the number of petal in each of them. This will make the visualization better and effective. Now concentrate on the Moolajhara Chakra and chant mentally OM, OM... ten times, very slowly very deliberately. Take 10 sec's to chant one OM. Every time you chant one OM feel that the chakra is getting energized and purified. After finishing 10 Oms, try to feel the energy movements of the chakra deep within you. Now move on to the next chakra Svadhisthan & repeat the whole process. Continue and do the same with each chakra till you finish with the Sahasrara Chakra. Then sit quietly feeling the peace and joy within. You may repeat the whole practice a few times.
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Helen Phillips’ body once bulged uncomfortably in size 22 pants. The Michigan woman – who went on to vanquish an astonishing 140 pounds on NBC’s “The Biggest Loser” last year – had fallen victim to a destructive cycle of overeating, inactivity and self-pity. Like millions of obese Americans, it seemed Phillips’ fate had been predetermined to include a plethora of weight-related illnesses like hypertension, diabetes and possibly heart failure.
In Baltimore, where the obesity rate among African Americans is dangerously high, officials at St. Agnes Hospital sought to develop a multi-faceted wellness program to combat the metropolitan area’s battle against the bulge. According to hospital officials, “smarthealth” is the first multidisciplinary initiative in Maryland offering a medically-supervised and comprehensive approach to diet, exercise, lifestyle and mind. The program, founded by Saint Agnes’ renowned bariatric expert Dr. Kuldeep Singh and Sykesville, Md.-based corporate wellness company WellAdvantage, seeks to affordably offer the emotional and fitness support “Biggest Loser” participants enjoyed.
“When I look back at my life, I wish I’d started this type of program a long time ago,” said Phillips in an interview with the AFRO. “I was such a horrible yo-yo dieter that I was always looking for a quick fix. Now I realize there is no quick fix; it’s all about living a healthy lifestyle.”
To celebrate the program’s launch, Phillips, 50, visited St. Agnes where she spoke to more than 200 community members and health experts about her journey to wellness and the enduring effects of dramatic weight loss. But Joe Meyers, director of strategic planning at St. Agnes, said most Americans looking to improve their health will not experience the media fanfare – and $250,000 winning prize – that fuels many reality show contestants. And while smarthealth touts its team of über-dedicated lifestyle coaches, participants must be equally invested in the initiative’s cause.
“One of the biggest differences you’ll see with the programs is the level of support you will get from your health coach and the other members of the team on an ongoing basis,” said Meyers, who also works part-time as a fitness instructor. “You can come in and out of the gym and people don’t even know you’ve been there…but this program does require a level of work and participation from the participant and we’re very clear about personal accountability.”
In addition to a supportive team of coaches, a nurse practitioner or health care expert conducts a biometric screening that tests cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose levels. Participants are then educated about their overall health outlook and encouraged to nix unhealthy habits like smoking or excessive drinking. According to the Baltimore City Food Policy Task Force, 14 percent of the city’s low-income families did not have adequate access to healthy foods in 2009 and advertisers heavily promote alcoholic and tobacco products in urban neighborhoods. While smarthealth cannot solve the city’s public health disparities, Meyers said it could become a community resource for those lacking structure and guidance on their weight loss journey.
“It has to be more than about weight and really more about your health,” said Meyers. “We’ve also integrated technology, particularly to the web, as a way to bring the experience to the average person on a more affordable level. In addition to face to face meetings with the coach, the coach will interface with the client via the web and be able to monitor them on an ongoing basis with affordable technology.”
In Baltimore, more than a third of adults are obese, according to the city’s health department, and nearly twice as many obese adults are African American compared to White city-dwellers. Even more disturbing is the mortality rate among Baltimoreans compared to other Maryland residents. According to the health department, city residents die six years earlier than other Marylanders, on average, and life expectancy can vary by up to 20 years in nearby neighborhoods. Factors like HIV/AIDS and homicides also factor into these statistics, but diseases often born of overweight/obesity also play a pivotal role in the city’s startling health trends.
It was this fear of a future wrought with uncertainty and disease that prompted Phillips to enter the “Biggest Loser” competition and ultimately, become a weight loss victor.
“The smarthealth program is exactly what everybody needs to check into. It’s amazing to me because after I read over everything in their program, it’s exactly what the ‘Biggest Loser does,’ said Phillips, who was moved to tears as she reflected on her weight-loss challenge. “There are no big surprises, there’s no magic. The magic is you and how committed you want to be to change your lifestyle. It’s hard…but it’s so well worth it when you’re seeing progress and you’re able to get off meds and you’re able to live healthy and you feel good.”
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GC-MS for Multi-disciplinary Ecological Studies
Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) provides tremendous analytical capability for the identification and quantification of organic compounds. The instrument will be used by diverse disciplines from animal science to human nutrition to insect ecology to soil biochemistry. The addition of chemical ionization capacity at the University of Idaho will improve the analytical capability of researchers, as it is an improvement over electronic ionization for the identification of organic compounds due to reduced fragmentation. The GC-MS will allow examination of fatty acid metabolism in lactating cows and women using stably labeled fatty acids toward efforts to improve the healthful characteristics of milk. Further, metabolism of these beneficial fatty acids can be determined within the whole animal. The addition of chemical
ionization provides improved determination of organic compounds in plants, insects and soil that will lead to the identification of novel natural pesticides.
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Well known Tasmanian writer, journalist, speaker and historian, Reg Watson is available to service clubs, military organisations, businesses, associations, Leagues or as a luncheon/dinner speaker.
For more than 51 years’ experience in writing he has appeared since 1978, 554 times on television and radio within Tasmania and nation-wide. He has had work published in article form in excess of a thousand, state-wide, nationally and internationally. He has eighteen books to his name.
HIS SUBJECTS INCLUDE:
- Thomas Francis Meagher – Irish exile to Van Diemen’s Land
- The Canadian/American exiles to Van Diemen’s Land
- Tasmanian participation in the Boer War
- Independence for Tasmania (secession)
- Strange Happenings over the skies of Bass Strait and Tasmania.
- The Australian and Tasmanian flags, their history and symbols.
- Jack the Ripper and the Tasmanian connection.
- Lt. John Bowen RN – The first British settlement in Tasmania, 1803
- Betty King – first white woman to settle in Australia?
- Historic Tasmanian Parliamentarians.
- Richard Morgan and his barn – first settler on the eastern shore of Hobart.
- Convict transportation – was it white slavery?
- Tasmanian connection to the American Civil War
- Martin Cash – Gentleman bushranger?
- Tasmanian First, Innovations and Firsts.
- The Last man to be hanged in Tasmania.
Commencing from $250. Travelling expenses are additional if outside Hobart and environs. If required to stay overnight, accommodation at a respectable hotel/motel or B&B required.
For further information please contact Reg:
Mobile: 0409 975 587.
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Training for machinists/lathe operators (m/w)
As machinist with HSP you will manufacture precision components from metals using machining processes such as turning, milling and grinding. You will work on the latest computer-programmed CNC tooling machines.
- You will program CNC tooling machines and production systems, set them up and perform test runs
- You will load the workpieces, put the machines in operation and monitor the production processes
- You will perform quality control checks
- You will deburr workpieces if required
- You will document the work and results
- You will clean the machines and systems and service them
- You will check mechanical and electric components of the machines and systems and arrange for a repair if necessary
You will start your training as a machinist/lathe operator at HSP with a solid and extensive basic training in Wuppermann Bildungswerk (Wuppermann Vocational Training Institute) in Leverkusen. This will be followed by a 1.5 years of training on modern CNC machines in our factory in Langenfeld.
|Duration of the training||3.5 years|
|Prerequisites||Minimum certificate of secondary education|
|Degree||Certificate of proficiency from Industrie- und Handelskammer (German Chamber of Commerce and Industry)|
HSP lays great emphasis on teamwork. We are naturally happy if every team player brings his own ideas and suggestions. Because this is how new tasks and challenges can be mastered in a constructive dialog.
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Injection molding visualization is the experimental method of direct observation on the melt filling behavior in the mold cavity. By using developed visualization system, the influence of mold structure design on the injection molding product’s defects, such as jetting and weld were studied in this paper. The forming process of jetting was observed by the visual method, and results show that it is useful to avoid jetting by locating gate correctly. According to the generation of weld line in single gate cavity, an improved measure to adjust the weld locations by adding overflow traps was proposed. The result indicates that the overflow trap is good for adjusting weld location and makes the defects appear in the unimportant points of surface. Another experiment on the forming process of weld line in two-gate cavity with setting different distance parameters were carried out. The result shows that increasing of gates distance may significantly affect the performance of weld line.
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Название: The German Air Raids on Great Britain 1914-1918
Автор: Joseph Morris
Издательство: Nonsuch Publishing
Год издания: 2007
Количество страниц: 94*2
Размер: 61 mb
When it was originally published in 1925 this was the first complete account of the German bombardment of Britain during the First World War, in which 280 tons of bombs were dropped. Written with access to a wealth of official records, Morris outlines how the menace posed by airship and aeroplane bombing began, grew and was countered. He describes how German air-raid tactics aimed to demoralise the British public, destroying homes, crippling means of supply and inflicting heavy casualties, and how successful air defences were mounted in response to this threat. Complete with War Office maps and photographs, this is a detailed study of the development of a new method of warfare that established the future potential for direct strikes against human and industrial resources, and which describes experiences from both the British and German sides of the campaign.
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We consider homework to be an important part of every learner’s education. When doing homework learners learn to work independently, to meet deadlines and to manage their time. They also build on skills they have learnt in the classroom.
What is Satchel One?
Satchel One is a simple online homework calendar showing homework information, deadlines and attachments for learners. All learners' homework will be displayed online using Satchel One. The benefits of the system for parents are that you can see exactly how much homework has been set, when it is due in and whether or not it has been completed.
All parents will be given a login to check on the homework that has been set for their child. By logging in, you and your child can see just the homework relevant to you. You can review submission times, see grades and communicate with teachers around specific assignments.
LOGIN HERE: www.ysgolemrysapiwan.satchelone.com
For articles, help, and advice for getting the most out of 'Satchel One' please visit their help centre.
Satchel One App
The Satchel One App is available to download from:
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This article originally appeared in this post for the Forbes Technology Council by Guardhat CEO Saikat Dey.
Saikat Dey is CEO of Guardhat, a pioneer in connected worker tech. He’s led and consulted on industrial operations globally.
We need to come back better in a multitude of ways as the pandemic becomes endemic. President Joe Biden’s Build Back Better framework takes aim at some of these challenges, attempting to help the United States “meet its climate goals, create millions of good-paying jobs, enable more Americans to join and remain in the labor force, and grow [the] economy from the bottom up and the middle out.”
This includes the $1.2 trillion bipartisan Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act passed in November 2021, covering funding to rebuild roads and bridges, improve water and energy systems, expand high-speed internet access, revamp transportation programs, and much more. The larger bill, still being negotiated, would fund additional infrastructure projects.
Rebuilding our infrastructure will make us better, but we also have the opportunity and responsibility to make how we build better.
According to the Department of Labor, 5,333 workers died on the job in 2019—more than 100 people a week, 15 every day. One in five of these worker fatalities was in construction. Not only is construction the most dangerous industry in terms of worker fatalities, but the number of fatalities has increased in recent years. We need to face a hard truth: If we double or triple infrastructure spending with current construction practices, are we OK with the 10,000 to 15,000 worker deaths that could result.
Building back “better” must take account of those doing the building.
“Safety First” Done Right
The infrastructure act will create millions more jobs in repair and building projects. To ensure the safety of workers, we cannot leverage funding as we have in years past. Jobs, bridges, and clean energy can’t come at such a cost to workers on the ground.
Passive safety and reactive post-incident response are the bare minimum. Advancements in technology—like worker tools that can directly sense threats—can allow real-time response, predictive intervention, and incident prevention. Investing in making our workforce safer can help attract new talent to these jobs.
Better technology and safer building efforts ought to be baked into the legislation itself, as we see in the transportation portions of the law. If done right, we have the opportunity to set a global benchmark for what safe, efficient, and effective industrial work looks like.
Here’s how we get there.
- Leverage safer, smarter connected technology. Our industrial workers, including construction, manufacturing, energy, and other sectors, are in dire need of updated technology to better help them do their jobs. The good news is that Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) technology and Industrial Internet of People (IIoP) solutions can be put to work for people to truly revolutionize workplaces. Sensors on a railway track can tell workers a train is coming and to move, for example, and wearables can alert workers of lightning nearby and where to take shelter. The right technology can reduce risk, eliminate guesswork, create safer working conditions and even increase the bottom line. LNS Research surveys have shown leaders in environmental health and safety tech see 18.5% higher net profits than laggards.
- Lead in a labor market that prioritizes safety. We’re in the Great Resignation, and 33 million Americans have quit their jobs since the spring of 2021. Industrial sectors are in a bind, ramping up projects while workers retire en masse. U.S. manufacturers believe finding the right talent is 36% harder now than it was in 2018. The manufacturing industry has seen a larger increase in resignations and job openings relative to pre-pandemic levels than any other. We need to better showcase why workers, especially new entrants, should consider industrial jobs—from the excitement of creating something real to growth opportunities and working with cutting-edge technology. Even more, the work can’t come at the cost of workers’ health or safety. If this bill is going to be an effective jobs program, the jobs need to be safe ones. Sector leaders must implement policies within their organizations that better support their workforce and create safer work environments. When infrastructure projects begin, our political leaders need to choose to work with organizations that offer competitive pay and benefits, continuously train their staff and keep workers safe. Prioritizing safety starts at the top, and when leaders turn talk into action, people will take notice.
- Set the global standard on worker safety and tech. U.S. workplace safety metrics have plateaued after years of reductions since the 1970s. Other regions have even more work to do. If the U.S. wants to lead on worker safety, now is the time to step up. We can’t have a narrow scope. Leading in electric cars means leading in the infrastructure that enables them. We must go a layer deeper and invest in the people who build, maintain, and supply those batteries and charging stations. Worker-focused technology helps people learn faster on the job. It increases the quality and efficiency of their work. Most importantly, it protects them from harm.
It doesn’t stop there. The construction industry alone needs more than half a million workers beyond its current pace of hiring in order to meet demand in 2022. With high rates of turnover, this wave of new hires needs to see a future in their choice. To get there, leaders also need to ensure that their workforce is properly trained, skilled, and reskilled so workers can do their jobs today and gain skills for tomorrow while following essential safety protocols associated with their tasks. This isn’t about checking a box. It takes time, and it requires training programs to be integrated with work in the field, whether you’re a 30-year veteran doing something new or a brand-new hire.
The infrastructure act and Build Back Better agenda can improve our national economy and make our businesses more productive. However, we could truly establish a leading competitive edge if we put the safety of our people at the center of the initiative, setting a new benchmark for what’s possible in how we build. Who will take the lead if we don’t?
Guardhat is pioneering end-to-end connected worker safety solutions for industrial workers. We offer cutting-edge, wearable technology; a proprietary connected worker platform – unrivaled in its ability to ingest, manage and analyze unstructured data; easy-to-deploy monitoring and reporting software; and a growing system of partner integrations.
Guardhat enables companies to monitor worker location, health, and work environment to shorten reaction time and help proactively solve safety challenges. We hold 15 patents in real-time location systems, wearable solution design, and connected worker software. If you are interested in our connected safety solutions – including situational awareness, environmental and biometric monitoring, multi-modal communication, RTLS, Covid-19, and other advanced technology solutions – contact us to arrange a demo.
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<urn:uuid:b4f00d20-cb3a-47e0-86ea-86923b9d8d76>
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History: 25 year old female with acute lower abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting.
Given the history, this is essentially diagnostic of appendicitis. Take a look again at the image. The appendix has a target appearance, which also aids in the diagnosis. The target appearance is caused by edema within the various layers of the appendix wall.
The appendix is very difficult to localize in most attempts of abdominal ultrasound, and many times patients go on to CT for definitive diagnosis. A nice overview of the radiology of appendicitis can be found here.
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Jetson Leder-Luis is a Professor at Boston University who examines fraud and overbilling in taxpayer-funded projects—exactly what the False Claims Act and other whistleblower laws are designed to combat.
He joins us on Fraud in America this week to discuss his research, how fraud works, the big infrastructure bill and the potential for fraud, and how whistleblowers are uniquely equipped to combat fraud.
Fraud in America Social Links
To learn more about Fraud in America, visit taf.org/podcast.
Thoughts? Guest suggestions? Email us at [email protected]
“Fraud in America” is produced by Jeb White, James King, Emma Bass, and Jacklyn DeMar; research by Kathleen Scanlan and Max Voldman; edited by Rachel Brooks; original music by Connor Kaos.
Fraud in America is a project of Taxpayers Against Fraud Education Fund, a 501(c)(3) organization. You can learn more about it at taf.org.
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Dear Solar Fred,
What’s the difference between a Solar Lease and a PPA?
-Confused in Cali
You’re right to to be confused because they’re similar…yet very different. I outlined each option and others in my Cash Poor Series of posts, so you can see an outline of each program there.
Update Feb 27, 2014: Solar Leases have been for years now, but in the latest of those years they mostly come with performance guarantees, which can make the difference between them and many power purchase agreements almost semantic. In short, this article will well explain the differences, but in practice, none of this should matter and whether it’s a lease or PPA probably won’t affect your decision making. What WILL affect your decisions is the bottom line guaranteed cost to you each month and the bottom line value of the electricity is promised to produce every month. If you’re getting a quote for a solar lease and also one for a solar PPA, each will break it down to monthly guaranteed costs and savings so… who cares whether you’re paying for the electricity or renting a piece of equipment that happens to produce free electricity?…. what you call that agreement doesn’t matter all that much”
Solar lease vs a PPA (Power Purchase Agreement)
- Solar PPA stands for solar “Power Purchase Agreement.”
- PPA gives you a low ($1000 or more) up front cost.
- You’re locked in for 15 to 18 years to this agreement, which is transferable to a new owner or home.
- They charge you a set electrical rate that is sometimes flat, and sometimes calculated to rise over the term of your agreement. So instead of paying for coal fired electricity rates, you’re paying for PPA rates generated through your solar panels.
- The PPA company takes care of the maintenance and any needed repairs and monitors your system.
- You don’t get any tax benefits or State rebates or Renewable Energy Credits (RECs).
- You usually have some kind of option to buy later or at the end of the agreement for a set price per watt. Sometimes this is negotiable (and you should at least try since used solar panels aren’t worth much.)
- You need to have an excellent credit rating to qualify.
- You’re always tied to the grid, so any residual electricity needs that your solar panels don’t produce is covered by your utility.
- There is usually no down payment, so 0 down.
- You’re locked into 15 years or more years, which is transferable to a new owner or home.
- In a solar lease, vs. PPA, you do NOT pay for any power that your solar panels generate.
- Instead, you pay a lease payment plus any extra power you need buy from your electric company. So, solar panel power is technically free, but you have a set lease payment that rises 3 to 4% a year. That’s typically less than the 5% rate increases by your electric company. Some programs, like the CT Solar Lease program, is a flat rate, so no yearly increases.
- Like a PPA, they may take care of maintenance and repairs and monitor your system, but that’s not always the case.
- Similarly, you don’t get tax benefits or rebates or Renewable Energy Credits (RECs).
- Like PPA’s, you have an option to buy later or at the end of your term for a set residual price. You should try to negotiate the Fair Market Value (FMV) at the end of the lease, as used panels ain’t worth much more than the cost of taking them off your roof.
- You need to have a good to excellent credit rating also, depending on the program.
- Also like a PPA, you’re always tied to the grid, so any residual electricity needs are covered by your utility.
So, bottom line for a solar lease vs. PPA:
- PPA, you pay for power generated by solar panels with some money down and flat or yearly increases on your PPA electric rate. You also benefit from tiered rates.
- Lease, you have no money down (typically) and pay a flat leasing fee that rises every year by a certain percent, plus left over utility bill. You also benefit from tiered rates.
While both these options are good for low cost financing, there’s not a huge difference when it comes to a solar Lease vs. PPA. If it saves you money and you like what you see, go for it.
Either way, you have nothing to lose by getting a quote from these various companies and comparing the financial pros and cons. Some companies can give you both options, so you can compare solar leasing/solar ppa with purchasing.
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If you've ever played golf in England or watched the British Open, you know how much wind plays a role on chip shots.
The golf “chip-and-run” is one of the most important shots to know – not just in the wind – but also for getting close to the hole. This shot gets the ball on the ground quickly to start running and is less affected by wind.
Here's how to do the chip-and-run, why it's so great for consistency around the green:
Once you're around the green, be sure to choose the right club. For a chip-and-run, select a club that gets the ball running on the ground soon after impact; typically, the 8 or 9-iron are good clubs for this shot.
One key to hitting this shot is to position the ball toward your back foot, then open your stance a little. This will promote more of an arm-swing, taking your lower body out of the shot. (With the ball set back in your stance, your hands will naturally be ahead of the ball at address; this gets you into the proper position at impact.)
Your shoulders and arms should move together in one piece. Practice the feel of taking the club back in a pendulum-type motion, with your shoulders controlling the motion. Remember to keep your left arm straight and your legs stable (no body-swaying).
Another very important key is to think “swing length.” The length of the back swing and forward swing is what should control the travel distance of your chip-and-run. Using a specific golf swing length is a much better way to control shot distance than trying to adjust the swing strength, like hitting harder. It's also very important to make sure the length of your forward swing matches the length of your back swing; this will prevent deceleration during the stroke (a major cause of inconsistent chipping). Practice different swing lengths so you get the feel and know the right length to use for each situation on the course.
Using the Chip and Run for Consistent Shots
Golf is all about the short game. Sure, it is a big help if you can hit quality shots with your long clubs, but it is the short game that will determine how successful you are on the scorecard at the end of the day. Without a short game, you really have nothing in terms of scoring ability. Only when you can combine a good short game with some nice ball striking will you have a chance to live up to your potential.
Many golfers focus on putting when it comes to the short game, and putting is certainly very important. However, chipping should not be overlooked in terms of its importance to the game. You are inevitably going to miss at least a couple greens during any given round – and likely many more than that. Your ability save par when you do miss the green is largely going to be determined by how well you can chip and pitch the ball onto the putting surface. Are you able to consistently chip to within tap-in range of the cup? Or, are you constantly leaving yourself 10-foot putts to save par? Obviously, setting up easy par putts is crucial to a productive short game, and you are only going to be able to do that when you chip in a reliable fashion.
For most players, the chip shot that is going to be most consistent is the chip and run. This is a short game shot that stays low to the ground from start to finish, as it is hit only high enough to carry to the edge of the green before it lands, bounces, and rolls out toward the cup. This shot might not look as impressive as a high flop shot with a ton of spin, but it is much more consistent in the long run. Pro golfers will make the highlight reel from time to time with a high flop shot, but they actually prefer to keep the ball down lower whenever possible.
It is wise to think about the chip and run as the foundation of your short game from around the greens. Sure, you are going to need to have other shots in your arsenal that you can pull out at the right time, but everything should build from the chip and run. Once you are comfortable with the technique needed to produce this shot, you can then move on to learning how to play other, more advanced shots in order to widen your repertoire. The mechanics required to hit a good chip and run are simple and straightforward, making this a great place to start when working on your short game.
All of the content below is based on a right handed golfer. If you happen to play left handed, please take a moment to reverse the directions as necessary.
What is a Chip and Run?
This point was touched on briefly above, but it should be highlighted again for clarity before we move on to the technical points of this shot. Basically, a chip and run is a shot that is barely played onto the edge of the green before it is allowed to run out toward the hole. Rather than chipping the ball most of the way to the hole in the air, and using spin or loft to stop it, you are going to land the ball just on the edge and let it run like a putt. That last point is the key – a chip and run should look just like a putt once the ball is on the green.
Most of the time, you are going to play a chip and run with one of your short irons, although you can even use a mid-iron from time to time when the situation is right. The exact club that you decide to use for your chip and run shots will depend on your personal style and preference, but most players land somewhere between a seven iron and a pitching wedge. Practice time is crucial for mastering the chip and run in large part because you need to learn how to control your distance with a variety of clubs. Having the ability to hit a chip and run with at least two or three different irons is ideal, as that versatility will enable you to use this shot in a greater number of situations.
As you can probably imagine, there are a number of different situations where you may want to pull the chip and run from the bag instead of another chipping option. The following list includes some of the best times for you to think about using your chip and run shot.
- Chipping with plenty of room to work. You will often need plenty of green between your ball and the hole when you use a chip and run. Since the ball is going to run out as a result of having little backspin and little loft, you will need some space to let the ball slow down and come to a stop – hopefully near the cup. Anytime you find your ball sitting in the grass somewhere close to the green while the hole location is on the other side of the green, a chip and run should be your first thought. You may be able to play a chip and run from time to time while short sided, but those will be the exception – typically, you are going to need some room to work in order for this shot to succeed.
- Chipping to a back hole location. When the hole is cut all the way at the back of the green, and you have missed short, playing a chip and run is likely to be your best bet. Flying the ball all the way to the back of the green is a risky bet, as hitting the shot too far and over the green could quickly lead to a bogey or worse. By playing the chip and run, you should be able to take the 'big mistake' out of play while still giving yourself a good chance to get up and in. Also, since most greens are tilted from back to front, using the chip and run is a nice way to get the ball up the hill without having to take a big swing with a lofted wedge.
- Chipping under pressure. One of the best things about playing a chip and run is the fact that it is much easier to execute under pressure than most other kinds of chip shots. For instance, if you are in a pressure spot and you are trying to decide between a high lofted, spinning shot and a chip and run, you should pick the chip and run every time. Going high with your chip shots requires a steady nerve and perfect execution. You might be able to pull it off just fine in practice, but the game gets far more difficult on the course. Keep the ball low to the ground when you are chipping in a pressure situation and the results are likely to be far more positive.
You aren't going to be able to hit all of your chip shots as chip and runs, but you should be able to use this play a large percentage of the time. Keeping the ball down is a great option in the short game, and you shouldn't need too much time to learn how to execute this shot either. In the next section we will get down to business on exactly how the chip and run is supposed to be played.
In addition to the advantages that this shot brings once the ball leaves the face of the club, there are also advantages to picking this shot from a technique perspective. Specifically, the big advantage to this shot is the fact that you get to basically use the same mechanics that you use while putting. With just a few basic tweaks, which will be outlined below, you can take your putting stroke and put it to use when playing a chip and run. Having consistency between your putting and your chipping will make it easier to transition from one to the other, which you are going to have to do several times during the average round of golf.
So, what are those basic adjustments that need to be made in order to turn your putting stroke into a motion that is suitable for creating a chip and run? They are as follows –
- Lean to the left. When you are putting, you should be nicely balanced between your two feet. That is not the case when playing a chip and run. Rather than distributing your weight evenly between your feet, you should be leaning rather significantly onto your left side. This lean will establish a downward angle of attack for your swing path, which is crucial for making clean contact and getting the ball up out of the grass. You shouldn't be leaning so far that you are about to fall over, of course, but make sure a majority of your weight is set into that left side.
- Open your stance to the target. You want to swing slightly from outside-in when hitting a chip and run, so open up your stance at address to make that happen. Not only will opening your stance help you swing across the ball as necessary, but it will also give you a better look at the target – which is always a good thing. You want to get squared up perfectly when you are putting, but hitting a chin and run shot is going to be easier if you stand a bit open to the hole.
- Allow a little wrist hinge. As you should know, it is important to keep your hands quiet while you are putting. The only movement needed in a putting stroke is a simple rocking of the shoulders back and through – everything else should be nice and still. However, when you are hitting a chip and run, you need to allow your wrists to get involved just slightly in order to 'pop' the ball toward the target. Using a strictly putting-style stroke without any hand action usually won't give you the power needed to propel the ball toward the hole. Also, if your ball is sitting down in the grass, you are going to need to use a little wrist action to move the club head through that grass on the way to the ball. By keeping your grip pressure light throughout the shot, you should be able to free up your wrists so that they can pop the ball nicely at impact.
As you can see, none of the changes that you need to make to go from a putting stroke to a chip and run swing are very significant. These are minor adjustments, but each of them is important. Spend some time at your local golf course practicing your chip and run while paying specific attention to each of the three points on the list above. As long as you are focused on practicing the right things, you should find that your chip and run technique quickly rounds into form and this becomes one of your favorite shots to use during every round.
Reading the Shot
You want to approach your chip and run shots in much the same way you approach your putts in terms of reading the green. Since the ball is going to roll most of the way to the hole, you are going to need to carefully read the slope of the green between you and the cup. Is the ground sloped from right to left, or from left to right? Is the shot uphill or downhill? Many golfers don't bother to consider these factors when chipping, but they are crucial to your success. A good read will give you a chance to place the ball right next to the hole – while a poor read (or no read at all) will make it tough to get up and down at all.
Before making any concrete decisions on how you are going to approach the shot, the first thing you should do is walk onto the green and read the last 10 feet or so of the chip. The end of the chip is the most important part to read, as the ball will be slowing down at this point – meaning the slope is going to have more influence over the movement of the ball. If the area around the cup is relatively flat, you probably don't need to play too much break. However, if there is a significant slope around the cup, you will need to give the shot plenty of margin to turn toward the hole as it slows down. One you have read the area around the hole carefully, you can step back and get an overall read for the slope of the ground between the ball and the hole.
With your read in the back of your mind, the big decision that you need to make before stepping up and making a swing is picking out a specific landing point for the shot. It is crucial that you pick out a specific landing point each and every time you chip the ball – no matter what kind of chip you are playing. The landing point is exactly as is sounds – it is the point where you are going to attempt to land the ball. This point is based not only on the read of the green, but also on the club you are using. A lower-lofted club is going to roll out more than a wedge, so think about club selection in concert with your read to decide on the right landing point. Also, you need to consider course conditions at this time – a soft course isn't going to offer as much bounce and roll, meaning you will need to move your landing spot closer to the hole.
It is really the art of mastering how to pick a landing spot that is going to be your biggest challenge when learning the chip and run. The mechanics of this shot are pretty simple, so you should be comfortable with them after just a little bit of practice time. However, picking a good landing spot takes experience and attention to detail, so you will need to work hard on that skill if you hope to improve. Remember, each and every chip and run shot that you face will be unique, so give them all the attention they deserve. By paying attention to each shot, you will have a good chance to execute nicely and set up a short putt for par.
Before ending this section, it is important to touch in the role that your lie is going to play in a chip and run shot. If the ball is sitting on short grass, such as the fairway cut or the fringe of the green, you will have nothing to worry about. That short grass isn't going to get in the way of your club, so you should be able to hit the ball cleanly without any trouble. On the other hand, if the ball is sitting down in longer rough, you will need to make sure that you hit down aggressively in order to get the ball up and out. Consider using more loft from the rough than you would use from the fairway to help you get the ball up and out – since the rough is going to basically eliminate any backspin that you might get otherwise, you won't have to worry about the ball checking up when played with a wedge. During your practice sessions, be sure to work on your chipping from both fairway and rough lies to ensure you are ready for whatever comes up on the course.
Pin In or Out?
This is an interesting question that is often debated among golfers whenever the ball happens to clank off of the flag stick. When chipping, should you leave the pin in the hole, or should you take it out? While you might currently have a personal preference for this decision, have you ever really thought about why you do what you do? Is there any reason behind your choice, or is it just whatever makes you feel most comfortable?
To make a smart decision, you need to think about the expected speed of the ball as it approaches the hole. If you think you are going to be able to control the speed of the shot without a problem – such as on an uphill chip – you should take the pin out, as it is only going to hurt your chances to make the shot. When the ball is going the right speed, it doesn't need the pin to help it fall in, as it will go in just like a putt. However, if you playing down a steep hill and you think the ball might be racing when it reaches the cup, you will want to leave the pin in as a possible 'backstop'. The pin can indeed help you out when the ball is going too fast, so this is the time to leave it in for assistance. For most golfers, the decision can be just that simple – if you think you can control the speed, take the pin out. If not, leave it in and hope that it comes to your rescue as the ball speeds toward the hole.
The chip and run is one of the most useful shots in golf. Not only is a chip and run a reliable way to get the ball close to the hole, it is also an easy shot to pull off under pressure. Once you learn the basic technique needed to hit a chip and run, you should be able to make this shot a regular part of your game. Most of the chip shots you face during the average round can be handled with this kind of play, so make sure it is always near the top of your options list when you miss a green. Every golfer needs to have the chip and run in their 'bag of tricks', so start working on this technique right away.
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Critical thinking isn't as easy as it sounds. CRITICAL THINKING shows you how decision-making errors are made, and how to avoid them. By combining simple explanations with time-tested theories, CRITICAL THINKING helps you meet the challenges of life head-on. And because it includes over one thousand examples drawn from everyday life and tons of study tools, this textbook helps you get the grade you need.
Guides the college level student through the fundamentals of reasoning, the structure of arguments, how to avoid bad arguments, and the specific kinds of arguments used in reasoning. Intended for a one- semester introductory course, the text includes a particularly useful chapter discussing the principles of rational discussion and a guide to repairing arguments. Some 1,200 exercises and hundreds of relevant examples help clarify the concepts discussed. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
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Objective: To assess the consumption and perceptions of soy among low-income adults. Design: A survey, which included demographic items, Likert scales for items on perceived benefits and barriers to soy consumption and factors that may increase soy consumption, and a soy food consumption frequency questionnaire. Subjects/Setting: A convenience sample of 353 adults enrolled in either the Pennsylvania Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program or the Pennsylvania Food Stamp Nutrition Education Program. Statistical Analyses: Descriptive statistics. Results: Few participants (13%; n = 44) reported currently consuming soy foods. The percentage of respondents recognizing potential health benefits of soy ranged from 53% to 57%. The major barriers to soy consumption were a lack of knowledge on how to use soy (87%), cost (55%), and unavailability (45%). Participants indicated that education on how to use and incorporate soy into the diet (88%) and addition of soy into familiar foods (82%) may increase their soy consumption. Applications/Conclusions: The findings suggest that this population would benefit from exposure to soy foods and instruction on preparing low-cost soy foods that can easily be included in their diet, in addition to education on the potential health benefits of soy foods. The results may provide direction for the development of curricula that educate this population on the potential benefits and uses of soy.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Medicine (miscellaneous)
- Nutrition and Dietetics
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https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/consumption-and-perceptions-of-soy-among-low-income-adults
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Provisional Tax Return
Provisional Tax Return.
What it is. How its payable?
The Provisional Tax for Return is paying your income tax in advance to avoid incurring a large debt on your income tax due. The document for submission is the yellow document (Here in Namibia) 6-0/0132.
Definition of terms:
Estimated Taxable Income: All your income minus the business related expenses incurred in earning that income. Minus all donations, exempt income and funds.
Less Employees Tax: Total of all PAYE - Pay As You Earn contributed to your employees.
The duration (period) that NamRa usually ask for, for Provisional Tax Return is for 6 months.
Provisional Tax for Return is for a person or business who receives income other than from a salary. Rent is a typical example.
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1) Cable for PLC connection
Select the cable depending on the connected PLC (The positioning units and
the programmable cam switch are included)
2) Cable for personal computer connection
Select the cable according to the shape of the RS-232C connector of the personal computer used.
- 9-Pin D-Sub: F2-232CAB-1
- 14-Pin Half pitch: F2-232CAB-2
- 25-Pin D-Sub: F2-232CAB
1) Turn OFF the power supply of the PLC.
2) Remove the connector cover of the FX-232AWC-H.
3) Connect the cables to the connectors of the FX-232AWC-H.
(Select the cable referring to "3. System Configuration")
4) Fix the connector of the FX-232AWC-H and the connected cable with the fixing screws.
5) Turn on the power supply of the PLC.
6) Turn on the power supply of the Personal computer.
7) Make sure the POWER Lamp of the FX-232AWC-H is lit.
(The POWER Lamp of the FX-232AWC-H lights when the power supply is normally supplied by the PLC)
8)When the FX-232AWC-H is not in use, reattach the connector cover to prevent dust from entering.
Contact Name: Marshall
Company Name: Chinaplccable
Street Address: Buji Town, Longgang
District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
Member name: chinaplccable
Member Since: 27 November 2010
Total Leads: 42 chinaplccable Import Export Business Leads
Business focus: Plc Cable, Mitsubishi Plc Cable, Siemens Plc Cable, Allen-bradley Plc Cable
Verify: Safe Import Export Tips
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Paperless Road Policing: New Zealand Police’s Implementation of Digital Infringement Notices and Traffic Crash Reporting Using Smartphones
Keywords: Police Papers - Enforcement
In 2016, New Zealand Police transitioned fully from the use of paper forms to issue traffic infringement offence notices (ION) and complete traffic crash reports (TCR) to dedicated smartphone applications developed on the Apple iOS platform. A baseline time-and-motion study indicated that a significant mean time saving of 40% was associated with digital notice completion over paper forms, which annualised equates to freeing up about 30 full time staff. The implementation of Mobility for both IONs and TCR shows major potential for delivering more efficient Policing. The current paper provides a detailed overview of the development and implementation of Mobility.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://acrs.org.au/article/paperless-road-policing-new-zealand-polices-implementation-of-digital-infringement-notices-and-traffic-crash-reporting-using-smartphones/
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| 0.889956
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The National Endowment for Democracy: Not National and Not for Democracy
June 24, 2016 (Tony Cartalucci – NEO) – Using a front to hide illegal or immoral activities has been a feature of human criminality since the beginning of human civilization itself. Facades, both ideological and economical, have helped criminal enterprises conceal the true nature of their activities for centuries.
In ages past, organized religion would often take systems of legitimate philosophy and spirituality, and transform them into a means of organizing the masses for the benefit of an elite few, often those heading empires, kingdoms, or nation-states. More recently, patriotism and now the notion of “democracy” have been used successfully by similar cadres of special interests to conceal their self-serving agendas behind notions likely to recruit support from large segments of a population that would otherwise be disinterested.
There is no example of this more transparent than that of the US National Endowment for Democracy (NED). According to its own website, it claims:
The National Endowment for Democracy (NED) is a private, nonprofit foundation dedicated to the growth and strengthening of democratic institutions around the world. Each year, NED makes more than 1,200 grants to support the projects of non-governmental groups abroad who are working for democratic goals in more than 90 countries.
“The growth and strengthening of democratic institutions around the world” sounds noble enough. One would expect, then, that the NED would be led by a collection of some of the most notable activists involved in the empowerment of “the people.” Instead, upon NED’s board of directors, we find people representing corporate-financier interests notorious for instead, exploiting and subjugating “the people.”
Unfortunately, for those receiving the millions upon millions of dollars the NED hands out annually to “nongovernmental organizations” (NGOs) around the world, few bother to actually check who it is underwriting their daily activities, and fewer still have the integrity to both turn down the money let alone inform the people they claim to represent just who is attempting to reach into their respective nations and subvert their political systems, and to what end.
Quite literally, each and every member of the NED’s board of directors represents Fortune 500 corporations, insidious corporate-financier funded policy think-tanks, and a wide variety of other obvious conflicts of interest unbecoming of an organization truly interested in, “the growth and strengthening of democratic institutions around the world.”
NED: Who’s Who
The worst part of NED’s activities worldwide and the fact that allegedly liberal progressive NGOs are taking money from them and aiding and abetting their agenda, is the fact that the background of NED’s board of directors is posted directly on NED’s own website. This means recipients of NED cash either recklessly didn’t bother to look into the organization sponsoring them, or simply do not care about the compromised nature of their sponsors.
For example, Marilyn Carlson Nelson (NED secretary) is co-CEO of one of the largest privately held companies in the world, Carlson Holdings operating hotels around the world. She also serves on the board of Exxon Mobil and chairs the U.S. Travel and Tourism Advisory Board. She alone represents such a tangled web of compromising and conflicting interests, it calls into question the integrity and true agenda of NED.
Carlson Nelson’s company, Carlson Holdings, deals in hotels, yet she concurrently sits on a government board under the International Trade Administration which makes decisions and policies on behalf of the US that directly benefits private industry specifically like that of Carlson Holdings. Her position upon Exxon Mobil’s board of directors is also troublesome. Exxon, a gargantuan multinational corporation, conducts business around the world and by necessity, requires political (and military) interventions to enter into and overwhelm those few remaining markets it has yet to dominate.
Carlson Nelson’s role in the NED, then, could be (and is) easily abused to subvert foreign governments that pose barriers to Carlson Holdings or Exxon, and put into power opposition parties that would deal in favor of such multinations – all under the guise of “the growth and strengthening of democratic institutions around the world.”
Other NED board members representing compromising corporate-financier special interests includeMarne Levine (Facebook, Coo, Instagram), Mark Ordan (WP Glimcher – real estate), and with Carl Gershman, Princeton Lyman, Stephen Sestanovich, and Melanne Verveer serving as members of the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) – a corporate-financier funded think-tank representing the collective economic and geopolitical ambitions of Wall Street, London, and Brussels’ most powerful special interests.
The CFR’s corporate sponsors include Bank of America, Chevron, Citi, Exxon, Goldman Sachs, JP Morgan, PepsiCo, Shell Oil, Coca-Cola, BP, Google, Lockheed Martin, AT&T, Boeing, Facebook, DynCorp, Northrop Grumman, Pfizer, Raytheon, Microsoft, and Merck – a virtual who’s who of abusive special interests plaguing the world with socioeconomic disparity, compromising “free trade” deals, and driving conflicts ranging from “color revolutions” and proxy wars to full-scale invasions and decade-long occupations.
NED – which poses as a liberal-progressive organization – includes a surprising number of right-wing Neoconservatives (Neocons). This includes Vin Weber, a Bush-era Neocon who strongly advocated the invasion and occupation of Iraq – a war now revealed to have been predicated on an intentional lie regarding Iraq’s supposed chemical and biological weapons program.
Weber is a partner at the public strategy firm, Mercury. There, he consults and lobbies for multinational corporations, governments, and corporate-funded foundations including Microsoft, Visa, Pfizer, AT&T, Ebay, the Ford Foundation, pharmaceutical firm Gilead, NBC, the government of Qatar, and many others.
For what reason would NED include a pro-war corporate lobbyist on its board of directors if not for the fact that NED itself is but a facade for carrying out pro-corporate-financier agendas under the guise of promoting “democracy” around the world?
Other Neocons populating NED’s board of directors includes Elliot Abrams, Francis Fukuyama, Zalmay Khalilzad, and Will Marshall. One pro-war Neocon could have been an anomaly – five begins to fit a pattern. It should be noted that NED’s subsidiary, Freedom House, also hosts corporate lobbyists and pro-war Neocons as well, including Kenneth Adelman.
NED Funds Your Local “Pro-Democracy Activists,” But Who Funds NED?
One of NED’s subsidiaries, Freedom House, is admittedly funded by multinational corporations including AT&T, defense contractors BAE Systems and Northrop Grumman, industrial equipment exporter Caterpillar, tech-giants Google and Facebook, and financiers including Goldman Sachs.
NED itself – according to a 2013 disclosure (.pdf) – is funded by among others, Chevron, Coca-Cola, Goldman Sachs, Google, Microsoft, and the US Chamber of Commerce.
The US Chamber of Commerce in particular is also heavily involved in post-regime change operations carried out by the US government either through direct military conflict or proxy wars and “color revolutions,” being the first to appear in front of new proxy governments to establish Western corporate-financier hegemony over newly “opened” market space.
NED’s individual donors also are telling. They include Frank Carlucci of the notorious Bush-family linked equity firm, the Carlyle Group. There is also former NED board member Kenneth Duberstein, a board member of defense contractor Boeing, big oil’s ConocoPhillips, and the Mack-Cali Realty Corporation. Duberstein also served as a director of Fannie Mae until 2007. He too is a CFR member as are two of the companies he chairs, Boeing and ConocoPhillips.
Also listed as an individual donor to NED is Neocon Paula Dobriansky – a trustee at NED’s subsidiary Freedom House, as well as former US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice who served during the Bush administration.
Supposedly liberal-progress NGOs around the world taking money from corporate-financiers, warmongers, and right-wing ideologues embodies perfectly the notion of a fraudulent front used to conceal criminal intentions under the guise of a noble cause.
How it Works: A Case Study
The Southeast Asian state of Thailand is currently gripped by a long-running political crisis centered around Thailand’s indigenous institutions and political order, and that of US-backed proxy Thaksin Shinawatra. Shinawatra himself was – like NED individual donor Frank Carlucci, a member of the Carlyle Group. Before becoming prime minister in 2001, Shinawatra would pledge to his friends in the US business community that he would use his office to serve as a “matchmaker” between Wall Street and Thailand’s people and resources.
Upon taking office, he would carry out a series of abusive and unpopular moves including the commitment of Thai troops to America’s illegal invasion and occupation of Iraq, the hosting of the CIA’s abhorrent rendition program on Thai soil, and an attempt to ram through a US-Thai free trade agreement in 2004 without parliamentary approval.
In 2006, Shinawatra would ultimately be ousted from power by the Thai military. Since then, he has been represented by some of the largest lobbying firms in Washington, including by the above mentioned Freedom House trustee Kenneth Adelman. However, that is not the limit to which the NED has helped prop up Shinawatra’s political front in Thailand.
The NED also funds a myriad of “NGOs” in Thailand aimed specifically at undermining Thailand’s institutions – most notably the military, monarchy, courts, and even the economy itself. These are included on a long list on NED’s own website and include:
- Thai Poor Act;
- Thai Civil Rights and Investigative Journalism;
- Thai Volunteer Service;
- Makhampom Foundation;
- Cafe Democracy;
- Media Inside Out Group;
- ENLAWTHAI Foundation;
- Human Rights Lawyers Association and;
- Foundation for Community Educational Media
It should be noted that in recent years, NED has become as ambiguous as possible about listing which NGOs it specifically funds – while NGOs in Thailand receiving NED funding regularly attempt to conceal NED funding and have been caught on several occasions outright lying about it.
For instance, while NED lists “Foundation for Community Educational Media,” it actually includes organizations like Thai Netizen and Prachatai – two entwined media fronts who have habitually covered up their foreign funding all while asking for donations locally.
|Image: US Ambassador to Thailand Kristie Kenney visits US NED-funded media front Prachatai. Prachatai has habitually lied to the Thai public about its significant foreign funding all while regularly soliciting donations from its readers.|
Such behavior indicates that NGOs like Thai Netizen and Prachatai are fully aware of the impropriety they are a party to.
Each and every NED-funded NGO in Thailand is currently engaged in daily attacks against the current government, and serves a direct supporting role in bolstering opposition fronts directly tied to the ousted regime of Thaksin Shinawatra. “Human rights lawyers” underwritten by NED regularly represent US-backed agitators rounded and charged for various crimes while media fronts like Prachatai churn out a daily tidal wave of disinformation in support of US interests both in Thailand and across Asia.
Legitimate grassroots campaigns such as opposition to foreign multinational agribusiness and attempts to impose genetically modified organisms (GMOs) upon Thai agriculture receive little to no support from this milieu of US-funded fronts. Likewise, pragmatic and constructive opposition to current government policies done within a framework of cooperating with government agencies to arrive at compromises are also ignored entirely by NED’s networks.
NED’s various fronts are solely focused on pressuring the government into arranging elections and giving America’s proxies, Thaksin Shinawatra and his political allies, another opportunity at seizing power.
Shinawata, once back in power, and after sufficiently diminishing the power of Thailand’s existing political order, would return to destructive pro-US policies ranging from “free trade” with Wall Street special interests to supporting America’s unending wars worldwide. His regime would also likely mobilize Thailand’s population and resources on behalf of Washington’s proxy war with China – costing Thailand a valuable trade and military partner along with peace and stability across Asia.
When political instability surfaces around the world – opposition forces mobilizing in the streets and over the airwaves must be carefully scrutinized. Determining from where they receive their funding and political support is essential in determining whether these opposition forces are legitimate or the manufactured pawns of Western corporate-financier special interests being funded through fronts like the National Endowment for Democracy – a front that is private – not national, and that is for corporate-financier special interests – only under the guise as being “for democracy.”
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I’ll be demoing tomorrow a couple of different software options for recording instructional videos. Below is a list of software I’ll be sharing.
On an Ipad, the following two apps allow you to record audio & video on an interactive whiteboard screen:
- Explain Everything – $2.99 in the app store – allows you to annotate documents, photos & videos or just a whitescreen. Quick & super easy to use!
- Vittle – free in the app store – pretty similar to Explain Everything. I haven’t been able to figure out what extra features Explain Everything has, but I assume there are some extra bells and whistles in a paid app.
Example video I made using Explain Everything found here. (I’ve made a few videos in this app now that upload to youtube out of synch. Not sure what the issue is, but this video has a lag time when I’m writing.)
On a computer or tablet that’s stylus enabled:
- Camtasia Studio – software that allows you to record your computer screen and has an editor. Higher frame rate, compression and production options in comparison to Snagit.
- Snagit – made by the same company as Camtasia, but is intended for a one-take video that doesn’t require editing. There’s no rendering like in Camtasia, so recording and publishing a video clip is fairly quick. (Note that it is possible to edit the video clips using another program such as Windows Movie Maker.)
Example video I made using Snagit found here.
Has anyone else used screen capture video? If so, which software do you use? I’ve only used these two, but there are plenty of other choices.
If you ever want any help making a screen capture video, I’d be happy to help!
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Albert Einstein - Anonymous - Stephen Hawking TV - Jim Al-Khalili TV - The Universe TV - Neil deGrasse Tyson TV - John C Mather & John Boslough - Brian Cox TV - Beyond the Big Bang TV - Geoffrey Landis - Nova TV - The Washington Post TV - Extreme Universe - BBC Horizon TV - Kip Thorne - Inside Einstein’s Mind TV - Sylvia Nasar -
139,710. It followed from the special theory of relativity that mass and energy are both but different manifestations of the same thing – a somewhat unfamiliar conception for the average mind. Furthermore, the equation E = mc², in which energy is put equal to mass, multiplied by the square of the velocity of light, showed that very small amounts of mass may be converted into a very large amount of energy and vice versa. The mass and energy were in fact equivalent, according to the formula mentioned before. This was demonstrated by Cockcroft and Walton in 1932, experimentally. (Einstein & Theories of Relativity) Albert Einstein, Atomic Physics, 1948
79,374. There was a young lady named Bright
Who travelled much faster than light.
She set out one day
In a relative way,
And came back the previous night. (Limericks & Light & Theory of Relativity) Anonymous, attributed to Arthur Buller
2,752. Hawking was going to have to unify the two great but very different theories of physics – Einstein’s theory of relativity is the theory of the very large ... Quantum physics is the theory of the very small ... Hawking would have to force the two together. (Universe & Theory of Everything & Theories of Relativity & Quantum Physics) Stephen Hawking, Master of the Universe
2,925. By 1928 Physics was struggling with a big problem. The two most important theories that describe how the universe worked didn’t agree with each other. (Universe & Astronomy & Quantum Physics & Theories of Relativity & Physics & Theory) Professor Jim Al-Khalili, Everything & Nothing: Nothing
3,336. But if a black hole is extremely tiny, the laws of quantum mechanics merge with the laws of General Relativity. (Black Hole & Quantum Physics & Theories of Relativity) The Universe s2e2: Cosmic Holes, 2007
91,035. For decades scientists have been searching for one cohesive all-encompassing theory, one that would unite Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity, which explains how gravity works over long scales with Quantum Physics, the science of the tiniest matter. Together, these two great theories explain everything humanity knows so far about the cosmos. But, like a cartoon cat and mouse, they’re at war with one another. (Theory of Everything & Quantum Theory & Theories of Relativity) The Universe s3e2: Parallel Universes, 2008
3,097. Space itself then is the exception to the rule: it can expand faster than the speed of light. But everything inside it remains bound by Albert Einstein and his Theory of Relativity. (Space & Light & Theory of Relativity & Universe) The Universe s3e3: Light Speed, 2008
91,192. Of all the riddles of the universe time travel may be the most perplexing. Time travel could involve going back in time or speeding into the future. But for the moment every one of us is frozen in the present. Yet Science holds out the possibility that we might loosen the hold that Time has on us. Einstein’s Theory of Relativity, in which Time plays a central role, makes time travel an open question. (Time & Theories of Relativity & Universe) The Universe s5e4: Time Travel, 2010
3,268. Most of what Einstein said and did has no direct impact on what anybody reads in the Bible. Special relativity, his work in quantum mechanics, nobody even knows or cares. Where Einstein really affects the Bible is the fact that general relativity is the organizing principle for the Big Bang. (Big Bang & Einstein & Theories of Relativity & Bible) Neil deGrasse Tyson
3,274. In groundbreaking papers in 1922 and 1924, [Alexander] Friedman demonstrated mathematically that the universe could very well be a dynamic system that, regulated by the gravity of general relativity, could expand indefinitely or collapse back on itself like a deflated balloon. A third possibility was that the universe was in a state of precise balance between infinite expansion and collapse. What would determine the true dynamic of the universe? According to Friedman, the average density of mass within the universe would define how space curved as described by general relativity. Such a curvature would establish the way the universe changed over time.
Einstein would have none of this. Philosophically insecure with anything but a static universe, he had inserted into the equations of general relativity his famous ‘cosmological constant’. This was a mathematical contrivance aimed at preventing just the kinds of unstable universe predicated by Friedman who, in making a number of simplifying assumptions, had removed the constant from his own mathematical calculations. (Big Bang & Theories of Relativity) John C Mather & John Boslough, The Very First Light p36
3,275. If the universe were expanding, the question remained: What had it expanded from? Georges Lemaître, one of the strangest characters to wander onto the stage of twentieth-century physics, was the first one to attempt an answer. Born in Belgium in 1894, Lemaître was plump, irritating, and ahead of his time. In 1927, unaware of Alexander Friedman’s work, Lemaître published a paper in an obscure Belgian journal in which he drew a mathematical theory that linked general relativity with the comparatively few redshifts that already had been seen. Lemaître concluded in the paper that the universe must be expanding. His hypothesis was two years before Hubble’s announcement that he had discovered galaxies in recession.
Later the same year at the fifth Solvay conference on physics in Brussels, Lemaître tried to get Einstein’s attention. Normally tolerant and kind, Einstein pushed him aside abruptly, saying, ‘Vos calcus sont corrects, mais vorte physique est abominable.’ [Your calculations are correct, but your physical insight is abominable.] Undeterred by Einstein, already the most famous physicist in the world, and bolstered by the confirmation Hubbles’s redshift observations had given his new theory, Lemaître extrapolated his theory to what seemed to him its logical conclusion: The universe must have originated in a primordial explosion.
A letter Lemaître wrote to Nature magazine in 1931 was effectively the charter of what was to become the Big Bang theory. He theorized that this primordial explosion, occurring on ‘a day without yesterday’, had burst forth from an extremely dense point of space and time. He began calling this the ‘primeval atom’. By now Lemaître had become a celebrity in his own right for his revolutionary ideas. At an immense gathering of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in London the same year, he speculated before an audience of several thousand scientists that the cosmic rays may have originated in the primordial explosion. Eventually, he thought, they might prove to be material evidence of the universe’s ‘natural beginning’. (Big Bang & Theories of Relativity) ibid. pp41-42
3,435. The new theory – called General Relativity – was published in 1915 by Albert Einstein after ten years of work. And it stands to this day as one of the great achievements in the history of Physics. (Gravity & Theories of Relativity & Albert Einstein) Professor Brian Cox, Wonders of the Universe: Falling 3/4
71,126. Born in Germany in 1879 Albert Einstein may be the most famous scientist that ever lived ... He thought of a revolution in Space and Time. Without Einstein we might still be struggling to understand how the universe really works. In 1905 Einstein published his Theory of Special Relativity exploring the link between Space and Time ... He thought of this new Space-Time as a fabric weaving together Space and Time. In 1915 Einstein developed his Theory of General Relativity, which modifies Special Relativity to include Gravity, and its effects on this fabric of Space-Time. (Einstein & Theories of Relativity) Beyond the Big Bang
71,128. In Einstein’s view there isn’t really a separate thing as Space and then there’s Time. But there’s just one thing – Space-Time, that we all live in. (Einstein & Theories of Relativity) Geoffrey Landis, NASA Glenn Research Centre
71,130. What would I see if I rode on a beam of light? (Einstein & Theories of Relativity & Light) Nova: Einstein’s Big Idea I PBC 2013, Einstein
71,131. Would you like me to check your mathematics? (Einstein & Theories of Relativity & Mathematics) ibid. wife to Einstein
71,132. Bern, Switzerland 1905: a hundred years ago a deceptively simple formula revealed a hidden unity buried deep in the fabric of the universe. (Einstein & Theories of Relativity) ibid.
71,133. What Einstein would call the Great Revolution. (Einstein & Theories of Relativity) ibid.
79,270. So, the day after news broke of a possible revolution in physics – particles moving faster than light – a scientist leading the European experiment that made the discovery calmly explained it to a standing-room-only crowd at CERN, the giant particle accelerator straddling the Swiss-French border.
The physicist, Dario Auterio, made no sweeping claims.
He did not try to explain what the results might mean for the laws of physics, let alone the broader world.
After an hour of technical talk, he simply said, ‘Therefore, we present to you today this discrepancy, this anomaly.’
But what an anomaly it may be. From 2009 through 2011, the massive OPERA detector buried in a mountain in Gran Sasso, Italy, recorded subatomic particles called neutrinos generated at CERN arriving a smidgen early, faster than light can move in a vacuum. If confirmed, the finding would throw more than a century of physics into chaos.
‘If it’s correct, it’s phenomenal,’ said Rob Plunkett, a scientist at Fermilab, the Department of Energy physics laboratory in Illinois. ‘We’d be looking at a whole new set of rules for how the universe works.’
Those rules would bend, or possibly break, Albert Einstein’s special theory of relativity, published in 1905. Radical at the time, the theory tied together space and time, matter and energy, and set a hard limit for the speed of light, later measured to be about 186,000 miles per second.
No experiment in 106 years had broken that speed limit. (Light & Theories of Relativity & Particle Accelerator) The Washington Post online article, Particles Faster than Light: Revolution or Mistake? 23rd September 2011
91,023. Einstein’s Theory of Special Relativity shows how speed changes the very fabric of Space and Time. Near the Speed of Light, Time slows to a crawl; reach the Speed of Light and Time stops altogether. The Theory of General Relativity: it’s been called the greatest scientific insight in human history. General Relativity builds on the Theory of Special Relativity and everything it said about Speed. Extreme Universe: Speeding Through Space
General Relativity shined a light on Speed’s role in the workings of our universe. And while it shook the foundations of Physics, it led to a greater understanding of the cosmos. It’s predicted things like black holes. And hints at the existence of a universe where truly strange things might be possible. ibid.
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Custom «George McGovern» Essay Paper Sample
McGovern starts with tremendous admiration for the new changes promised by the young and energetic president. The so called well-meant suggestions he makes are, to me, the innermost thoughts of any intelligent and experienced American of the present era. He makes it a point to remind everyone about the 2006 preemptive war was fought based on deceit and the frustration in putting thousands more US troops into Afghanistan, with the back up of an exhausted treasury.
‘For our sake and Gods sake, let us get out of there and begin healing our bankrupted land’ these words seem to be the some total of his suggestions. In order to convince his fellow citizens to urge president Obama to have the troops back in our own country with in a year, he has made every logical argument to prove the catastrophe the country faces now and will face in the future. He exhorts the people of the enormous public opinion that requested first not going into the war and then to have the troops safely back in the country. The purposelessness of taking another three years long to bring the troops back home is stressed over in the article. While pointing out the past history to show how impractical it would be to think that the troops along with the great liabilities they hold for the country in distant land can be brought back, if they are given the responsibility of policing the troubled country. More importantly, it would be unwise when our political judgment and moral standing in the world has declined due to the back to back wars fought.
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This exhortation becomes even more powerful, when one thoroughly thinks about the source of it and recognizes it as the voice of a generation which has lived through half a dozen wars. This is the generation which understood the folly of rage through out the life and urging for a recovery and rebuilding for the days to come. To make the American dream come true.
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Social behavior is defined as interactions among individuals, normally within the same species, that are usually beneficial to one or more of the individuals. It is believed that social behavior evolved because it was beneficial to those who engaged in it, which means that these individuals were more likely to survive and reproduce. Social behavior serves many purposes and is exhibited by an extraordinary wide variety of animals, including invertebrates, fish, birds, and mammals. Thus, social behavior is not only displayed by animals possessing well-developed brains and nervous systems.
Benefits of Social Behavior
Social behavior seems to provide many benefits to those who practice it. Studies have shown that many animals are more successful in finding food if they search as a group. This is especially true if food resources are clumped together only in certain places. If more individuals are cooperating in the search, there is a greater chance one of them will find the clump of food. In some cases, foraging in a group makes it easier to capture a prey. Dolphins are known to surround a school of fish and to take turns darting into the center to eat the fish that are trapped in the middle. Many carnivores will band together when they try to capture large prey. For examples, wolves
Many animals live in social groups partly for protection. Although one baboon might not be able to fight off a leopard, a troop of baboons often is able to do so. In addition, with more individuals cooperating together, some can serve as sentries looking for danger while the other group members are eating or sleeping. Prairie dogs and large flocks of crows normally have some individuals acting as sentries, which makes it nearly impossible to sneak up on a prairie dog town or a flock of crows.
Many prey species, such as schools of fish and flocks of shorebirds, travel in groups in which their movements are highly coordinated. The entire group moves quickly, darting one way and then another as an entire group, as if they were all somehow physically connected with one another. It is believed this behavior creates confusion for the predator. Predators generally need to pick out a single individual in a group that they will focus on and try to capture. A rapidly moving and turning school of fish, flock of birds, or herd of antelope is believed to make it very difficult for the predator to remain focused on a single individual. However, if one individual is unable to keep up with the group, the predator will then be able to focus on it and usually will succeed in catching it.
Some animals form social groups to make travel easier. Canada geese and other bird species typically fly in a V formation. Just like bicyclists who ride behind one another in order to reduce wind resistance, the geese fly in formation to reduce the wind they must encounter. In this situation, the lead bird has the most tiring job, which is why several birds usually take turns leading the V. Some animals congregate in close proximity to one another in cold weather in an effort to stay warm. Small birds are sometimes known to huddle so closely they form a single large ball of birds.
Sometimes social behavior is exhibited by groups of males or females during the breeding season. In some cases, males may band together and try to chase the dominant male away so they have a better chance of mating success. In other instances, males are known to cooperate in making their courtship displays. Turkeys often perform their courtship display in pairs, even though only one of the turkeys ends up doing most of the mating. Why would the unsuccessful male agree to help? The two male turkeys are usually brothers. Since brothers share about 50 percent of the same genes, even if only one brother mates, many of the genes of the unsuccessful brother are passed on too.
In some species, the females form social groups during the breeding season. In certain circumstances, females will look after one another's offspring while the other mother goes out to find food. In other species, such as lemurs, females may form social groups as a kind of defense. Males of some lemur species will try to kill the offspring of females that mated with another male. By banding together, the females are sometimes able to ward off the attacking male.
Many animals form social groups only during certain times of the year. Many bird species flock together in foraging groups in the winter. However, these same birds that sought one another out in the winter set up breeding territories in the spring and will go to great lengths to keep the same birds out of their territory. Thus, for many species, social behavior is a flexible form of animal behavior, one that can be adopted or abandoned depending on the conditions of the environment and the time of year.
Some of the most well-developed social behavior is exhibited by insects such as ants, termites, bees, and wasps. Many of these species live in colonies with thousands or even millions of individuals. One benefit of social behavior for these insects is that different individuals specialize in certain activities. For example, some are the workers who build the colony and go out looking for food that they bring back. Other individuals are the soldiers of the colony. Their job is to continually patrol the colony perimeter and to protect the colony from possible attacks from other colonies. In many ant and bee colonies, all worker and soldier ants are females. Males are usually present in the colony, but do not contribute much. Finally, there is the queen ant
There are substantial benefits to forming social groups and there are also some definite costs to living closely with others of the same species. First, one competes most with others that are most like oneself, and thus a member of a social group always has to share or compete with others for resources. Second, because of the numbers and close proximity of individuals in many social groups, disease may spread through social groups relatively rapidly.
Mark A. Davis
Alcock, John. Animal Behavior, 3rd ed. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, 2001.
Wilson, E. O. Sociobiology, abridged ed. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1980.
The male bower bird, of the Australian rainforest, has long interested scientists with its unusual courting behavior. The bower constructs a sort of bachelor pad on the forest floor, a complex structure of twigs, leaves, and moss. Further decorating it with berries and shells and feathers, scientists believe that it is specifically designed to attract mates.
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UCLan are in the process of rolling out SharePoint (SP) as a system to facilitate collaboration across the university, documentation management, meetings and (to a certain extent) communication.
The SharePoint4 Collaboration project is being run to ensure that the business processes around the following tasks are correctly established on SharePoint – being led by the business needs rather than the technology:
The outcome of this should be that SP enables staff to carry out these tasks effectively and is set up to suit your needs rather than you adapting to a system.
JISC has been facilitating the JISC Enterprise Architecture Practitioners Group (EAPG) following a series of projects trailing the use of EA in HE. Due to the membership of the EAPG – now the Strategic Information Practitioners Group (SIPG), of a UCLan project manager and the recent field test of the Strategic ICT Toolkit, the University are keen to explore how an EA approach could improve UCLan’s maturity with regards to strategic ICT and ensure the university is in a position to be as effective, flexible and efficient in the delivery of its ICT provision to meet future demands of the sector. This project was submitted to the JISC Transformations funding call.
UCLan has a range of documentation and information that is required across the institution, for example meeting documentation. Currently UCLan shares information and documentation through email, shared areas on the UCLan network, VLEs and on paper, with no defining process. This can result in; lack of version control, duplicate copies, no audit trails and mis-information. As with other universities, UCLan is attempting to balance a number of priorities including cost reduction and sustainability. Reducing printing costs will be achieved through a number of initiatives, including paperless meetings. A number of channels are utilised for communication including email both across the institution and to identified groups, notices on plasma screens or through the staff intranet. Other than the email system, the communication tools available are generic and many staff do not engage with them as they feel they are not relevant. As a result a lot of key information can be missed.
To attempt to tackle this UCLan has introduced SharePoint as a tool for documentation management, collaborative working space and communication. It is anticipated that the introduction of SharePoint will improve efficiency with accessing and sharing documents, reduce printing costs with the introduction of paperless meetings and improving targeted communication at all levels across the university.
JISC Central Website for updates to this project
Although the roll out of SharePoint and Outlook across the business is already underway, it would be beneficial for both the monitoring of the impact of the new systems and to ensure they are meeting the business need (being used effectively). Therefore this project will take an EA approach to map the business processes in the areas of documentation management, collaborative working space and communication.
The documentation management and collaborative working processes will be implemented within the scope of this project, with new policies for documentation management (using the JISC ERDM toolkit) and meeting management published. The review of the communication structure will be undertaken and a new service design created for to be reviewed for implementation.
This will be achieved by;
It is intended that the JISC resources used to deliver this will include the use of the EA resources published in November, the current EA resources published and new resources when available, the JISC Archi modelling tool and the Service Design resources
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For heavy drinkers in treatment for domestic violence problems, an extra therapy session targeting alcohol abuse may help to speed overall improvement in violent behavior, according to a new study.
Alcohol can lower inhibitions and impair judgment, according to lead author Gregory Stuart of the University of Tennessee in Knoxville. “One theory is that alcohol can narrow focus to negative aspects of the environment, and is linked to impulsivity,” he told Reuters Health.
Men who are arrested for domestic violence are usually referred by the court to group educational sessions called batterer programs, which don’t always address alcohol - even though drinking is involved in a high percentage of domestic disputes, experts said.
Because previous research has found these programs especially ineffective for batterers who also have drinking problems, Stuart’s team set out to test whether adding a therapy session devoted to alcohol would affect both drinking and violent behaviors over the course of a year.
For the trial, the researchers recruited 252 men who had been arrested in Rhode Island for violence against an intimate partner and who reported binge drinking (having five or more drinks per occasion) at least once a month.
All attended the court-mandated standard battery program, consisting of 40 hours of group educational programs split into 20 sessions, and half of the men attended an additional 90-minute one-on-one substance abuse session with a therapist.
The men were then asked to complete a survey about their behavior at 3, 6 and 12 months following the treatment program. The researchers also gathered any police reports relevant to the study participants, and analyzed only data for men who had intimate partners at the beginning of the study period.
On average, all of the men participating in the study reported lowered overall violence levels after one year, Stuart’s team reports in the journal Addiction.
But participants who received the extra alcohol counseling session had greater short-term improvement in both violence and alcohol consumption compared to men in the standard batterer program.
When the researchers looked at specific aspects of partner violence, for example, men who received the alcohol intervention were less physically aggressive toward their partners at the three-month mark, and less psychologically aggressive at the six-month mark.
The alcohol-intervention group also drank less per day at the three-month mark and drank less often at the six-month mark.
But at every checkpoint in the study, there was little difference in overall frequency of partner violence in both groups, and after a year, the levels of physical and psychological aggression among men in the comparison group caught up to those of the men in the alcohol therapy group.
“I would have preferred to see these results maintained over time, but for the first six months the rate of improvement was greater for the folks who got the alcohol intervention,” Stuart said.
The improvements associated with the extra alcohol-focused session didn’t fade over time, Stuart pointed out, but the extra therapy seemed to give those men a “jump start” over the other group during the early months.
“These 90-minute motivational enhancements have been shown to be effective with a variety of different (people),” but usually for those who seek out treatment of their own accord, according to Kenneth Leonard, director of the Research Institute on Addictions at the University at Buffalo in New York who was not involved in the study.
For that reason, seeing any positive result, even a small one, in a group of men in a court-ordered program who had not sought treatment on their own was promising, Leonard said.
In Rhode Island, the 40-hour standard batterer program includes a short section on alcohol, but the duration and content of such programs can vary widely by state, according to Stuart.
Other studies have questioned the effectiveness of existing batterer programs, which Stuart says were “created with the best of intentions” but sometimes include methods that aren’t supported by evidence and have a lot of room for improvement.
“All of the participants on average had substantially less substance use and violence relative to where they started, however, there was still too much violence and substance use,” Stuart said.
He and his colleagues suggest that the jump-start might have lasted longer if there had been multiple follow up “booster” sessions with a therapist over the course of the year.
“When you start getting into these more severe samples, my sense is that something more than 90 minutes would be required, or additional sessions,” Leonard agreed.
Although the gains were small and temporary, Stuart thinks the results of this study are a promising start toward improving batterer programs.
“The goal is to gently lead them to the conclusion that potentially stopping the use of alcohol and drugs is a good idea,” he said.
SOURCE: Addiction, online February 18, 2013
Randomized Clinical Trial Examining the Incremental Efficacy of a 90-Minute Motivational Alcohol Intervention as an Adjunct to Standard Batterer Intervention for Men
Relative to SBP alone, men receiving SBP+BAI reported consuming fewer DPDD at 3-month follow-up (B=-1.36,95%CI=-2.65,-.04,p=.04) but not 6-month or 12-month follow-up. In secondary analyses, men receiving SBP+BAI reported significantly greater abstinence at 3- (B=.09,95%CI=.03,.14,p=.002) and 6-month (B=.06,95%CI=.01,.11,p=.01) follow-up but not 12-month follow-up. There were no significant differences in physical IPV between men receiving SBP and men receiving SBP+BAI. In secondary analyses, men receiving SBP+BAI reported less severe physical aggression at 3-month (IRR=.18,95%CI=.05,.65, p=.009) but not 6-month or 12-month follow-up. Men receiving SBP+BAI reported less severe psychological aggression (B=-1.24,95%CI=-2.47,-.02,p=.04) and fewer injuries to partners at 3- and 6-month follow-up (IRR=.33,95%CI=.12,.92,p=.03), with differences fading by 12 months. Conclusions: Men with a history of intimate partner violence and hazardous drinking who received a batterer intervention plus an alcohol intervention showed improved alcohol and violence outcomes initially, but improvements faded by 12 months.
Gregory L. Stuart PhD,
Ryan C. Shorey MA,
Todd M. Moore PhD,
Susan E. Ramsey PhD,
Christopher W. Kahler PhD,
Timothy J. O’Farrell PhD,
David R. Strong PhD,
Jeff R. Temple PhD,
Peter M. Monti PhD
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Lewin’s Change Model; Why it Still Matters After 70 Years
Change management is a discipline as old as mankind itself. Even our cave-dwelling ancestors must have struggled with introducing new ideas to their tribes.
Organizational change is hard because it rarely affects each individual positively. Even if it does, it’s highly unlikely that everyone realizes that.
There have been many attempts to create a cohesive change management model. One that can serve as a foundation on which companies can embrace change with least friction. The most enduring among them was created by Kurt Lewin.
Recognized as the founder of social psychology, Lewin was a German American psychologist who pioneered the scientific study of group dynamics and organizational development. Towards the end of his career, he created his three-step change management model.
Lewin’s model is pretty simple. He describes organizational change by taking the metaphor of a block of ice that needs to be reshaped. As you’d imagine the first step of the model is…
To reshape the ice cube, you need to melt it first. Similarly to drive a change in an organization, you have to first challenge the status quo.
During this stage, you need to sell the change to the company. The team members need to be convinced why the current way of doing things needs to change and how is the new way an improvement?
Communication can make or break the deal at this stage. Change that requires people to alter their behaviors invokes different emotions among different people. Rather than making the age-old assumption – people resist change, it’s important to understand how the change would affect different people in your team. Some might get enthusiastic, some anxious, some downright rebellious.
It’s important to be transparent at this stage and clarify in detail how the change would affect the team. Better create a controlled crisis at this stage than to let rumors spread.
The objective at this stage is to build consensus and (if possible) excitement about the impending change.
After the expectations are set, the transformation can begin. This is where the change actually kicks into action.
During the transformation phase, people would learn new skills and behaviors associated with the change. This requires both persistence and patience from the management. It’s important to note that different people in the team will embrace change at a different pace. This is when the team is most vulnerable during the change management process and therefore requires constant support and attention. Mistakes are inevitable at this stage, therefore one should focus on the long term benefits that the change aims to achieve.
This is one of the rare instances where micromanagement isn’t a bad idea. It’s tough for any employee to unlearn existing and adopt new behaviors. Mentorship and handholding can really help expedite the process.
In certain situations, despite the best intentions and support, some people will not adapt well to the change. As a manager, you’ll need to figure out how to deal with such scenarios.
The objective at this stage is to support the team and guide them through the practical aspects of the change.
Once the transformation is complete, it can be easy to believe that the change is complete. However, there is still one critical step left – refreeze.
Unless steps are taken to reinforce the change, people have the tendency to fall back to their previous ways. Organizations need to proactively ensure that the change becomes a part of the culture.
Similar to the first stage, communication is critical here. It’s not enough to simply tell the team why the change is important. They also need to see it for themselves. When you reiterate how the change helped improve things, you also set the stage for future changes by making your team more receptive.
Occasionally it’s said that this step has lost its importance because of the ever-changing business landscape. By the time a change is reinforced, it’s time for another one. However, unless the process of refreezing is done, organizations will lose control over any change that they introduced. It still remains as important as ever.
The goal at this stage is to ensure that the change becomes the new status quo against which future changes would be measured.
Why does Lewin’s model still endure?
Lewin’s often draws flak because of its simplicity. Critics argue that it’s an oversimplification of a highly complex process. However, it’s this simplicity that made it popular in the first place because every team can relate to it.
It also stresses the importance of leadership in each of the three stages. After all change management is one of the defining functions of leadership. How well a change is introduced in an organization is one of the best indicators of how efficient its leadership is.
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Hotels advertise “bleisure” packages. The Thai Tourism Authority is promoting “honeyteering.” And a Mississippi TV anchor told advocates of gay equality to “go on gaycation.”
Whatever you’re doing on vacation, chances are there’s a made-up word to describe it. Combine honeymoon and volunteering, you get honeyteering. Combine business and leisure, you get bleisure. Add glamour to a camping trip with wine, steak and scented candles, and you’re glamping.
Lexicographers call these blended words portmanteaus. The travel industry doesn’t have a monopoly on them — think “brunch.”
But they do “come in handy in a business sector where there’s often a need to come up with clever marketing spin,” said Ben Zimmer, executive producer of Vocabulary.com and language columnist for The Wall Street Journal. “It’s niche marketing. You’re trying to appeal to different sectors of the public: ‘Well, we have a special kind of tourism for you and it has a special name.'”
Other examples: voluntourism, ecotourism and mancations. And while the word honeymoon is centuries-old, one of the first cited references to babymoons — a couple’s trip before the first baby — was in a 2004 promotion for luxury resorts.
Sometimes heavy marketing can make these blends seem like “stunt words,” said Katherine Connor Martin, head of U.S. Dictionaries for Oxford University Press, which publishes the Oxford English Dictionary. “They’re so cute and self-conscious.”
Their overuse can even lead to a backlash, as with staycations, a term that often elicits an “UGH!” response. The word staycations was used before the recession, but it was only when people cut back on vacations during the economic slowdown that destinations started using the term to market themselves to locals.
“It was trying to take a bleak economic picture and make it into something happy,” Zimmer said. “It had a euphemistic sound.”
The suffix “-cation” is also well-suited to blends, especially if you come up with a term that rhymes with vacations. And so, in addition to staycations and gaycations, there are nakations at nudist colonies, hurrications if you leave town ahead of a storm, and playcations, just for fun.
But how do portmanteaus go from being terms nobody can figure out at first glance — like honeyteering or bleisure — to words everybody loves to hate, like staycation?
“People coin many more words than we end up adopting,” Martin said. “It’s hard to predict which will catch on and which won’t. It’s about seeing people actually using the word in an un-self-conscious way, expecting people to know what they mean.”
A made-up word crosses over into acceptability — and maybe consideration for a dictionary entry — “when it’s used for a period of time and in a variety of contexts in independent use, and not just the same magazine trying to make it happen again and again,” Martin said.
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December 11th International Mountain Day: and a fresh call for action
Today, December 11th, is the tenth annual celebration of International Mountain Day, as designated by the General Assembly of the United Nations in 2003. This is a day for both mountaineers and flatlanders to celebrate the benefits that mountains provide in terms of natural beauty, priceless environmental services, and cultural and historic riches. It is also a day to recall the diverse and severe threats these ecosystems and their people face – threats that, unattended, will bring severe repercussions for all of us. This is a day to remember that mountains need our help.
Freshwater is the crown jewel of gifts from mountains. Fully half of humanity depends on mountain sources for drinking, irrigation, and industry. Here in Washington, DC our tap water comes from the Appalachians via the Potomac River watershed. Across the globe, the Hindu-Kush and Himalayan mountain ranges are the source of water for well over a billion people in China, India, and Southeast Asia. Mountains are also critical to food security, with six of the globe’s twenty most important food crops originating in high altitude regions. The world would be a hungrier place without apples, barley, maize (corn), potatoes, sorghum, and tomatoes.
In terms of other natural riches, half of the world’s biodiversity hotspots, geographies containing exceptional concentrations of plant and animal species, are in mountains. A thousand varieties of orchid can be found on the slopes of the Andes or Himalayas alone. Mountains are also home to such inspiring wildlife as snow leopards, giant pandas, and condors; but, also such charming and bizarre creatures as Appalachia’s Hellbender, one of the planet’s largest salamanders.
Extraordinary native cultures — Tibetan monks, Quechua speaking descendants of the Incas, and Tyrolean mountaineers — make the high country their homes. Even today, more than a thousand languages are spoken in peaks, ranges, and high valleys around the world. Historically, the Alps challenged Hannibal’s elephants, but mountains also contain an abundance of historically important cultural sites from temples and monasteries across Asia, to Machu Picchu in South America. On a higher plain, mountains have been a source of spiritual inspiration for all major religions – with individual mountains considered sacred by many cultures around the world. Worryingly, ten of the thirty-eight UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Danger are located in mountain regions.
With the northern hemisphere skiing season underway I am reminded of the importance of mountains for sports and recreation. The uplifting beauty of mountain summits, waterfalls, and steep misty valleys combined with their wildlife and historic sites attract millions of visitors annually. Today, a quarter of all tourism dollars are earned from such high altitude attractions.
All these riches and the apparent immutability and permanence of mountains mask extreme environmental and social fragility. Mountains today are at the epicenter of a host of daunting, but interlinked challenges.
Unquestionably, the greatest threat is climate change. The inconclusive end last week to the Climate Change Conference in Doha, the 18th under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, bodes poorly for the steps that global human society must take with increasing urgency. With temperatures increasing two to three times faster at higher altitudes than at lower elevations, mountains are already severely impacted. Fewer and fewer ranges are maintaining snow cover year round. This is far from a matter of aesthetics, as it has severe repercussions for the snowmelt that extends water flow during critical dry seasons, affecting people, agriculture, and industry. Most alarmingly, as glaciers recede and snowpack melts, unstable lakes are rapidly forming in mountain ranges around the world. These lakes threaten to burst through their natural dams, which along with landslides, have the potential to kill thousands of people as they have done in the past. Finally, mountain ecosystems face stresses like never before as the climate warms and invasive species move uphill. Already the tree composition of forests in the high Rocky Mountains in the US is changing. Also, animal and plant diseases are occurring at ever higher altitude, threatening vulnerable populations.
Poverty is chronic in many mountain regions, made so by isolation, limited economic options, and weak or absent government services. Twenty of the fifty poorest countries outside Africa are mountainous. Belts of poverty span the ranges of Southwest, Central, South, and East Asia including such impoverished countries as Yemen, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Burma, and Papua New Guinea. In Latin America the mountain peoples of Ecuador and Bolivia are among the poorest in the Western Hemisphere. Extreme poverty is endemic in the mountainous regions of the counties of the Albertine Rift in Africa. Moreover, within countries, the worst human welfare is often associated with isolated mountain regions, be it in high western Nepal where malnutrition is endemic, or in Appalachia here at home. This poverty is also often associated with deforestation, habitat degradation, and poaching and trade in endangered species.
Across the mountain world such economic conditions have led to migration, particularly by young men. They leave shrinking communities of women and the elderly to manage the farms and tend the children – as well as fraying native traditions and cultures. As a consequence, mountain urban areas are forming, stressing the environment and job markets. However, many leave the regions altogether for menial jobs, for instance in the Middle East. Particularly troubling is trafficking in young women migrants for prostitution, for instance from Nepal to India or from Bolivia to Argentina, where HIV/Aids and abuse awaits.
This lack of economic opportunity, combined with isolation and weak rule of law, has opened the door to opium production in the mountain belts of Asia and cocaine in the cloud forests of South America. Coupled with these, and other geopolitical issues, mountain regions today host more than half of the world’s wars and insurgencies. A small sampling includes the Kachin rebellion in northern Burma, Uighur unrest in west China, the Siachen Glacier battleground of Kashmir, and Kurdish unrest in the mountain borderlands between Turkey, Iraq, and Iran. In South America, the FARC has long grappled with the government of Colombia from mountain refuges, and border skirmishes were fought between Ecuador and Peru as recently as 1995 in the foothills of the Andes.
This is just a sampling of the challenges that mountain regions face. The frustration to me is that solutions exist. The United Nations, since at least the Earth Summit in Rio in 1992, has recognized the important of sustainable mountain development and conservation. New solutions, innovations, and approaches are appearing all the time. Here at The Mountain Institute we are working with local communities to generate solutions for glacial lake outbursts, and our work to bolster livelihoods has resulted in a six-fold increase in household income in some of the poorest communities in Asia. I dream of new transnational peace parks, say in the Siachen Glacier of Kashmir, to both conserve mountain environments and reset relations between neighboring countries.
Further, a warming climate may bring new opportunities for agriculture, albeit with considerable environmental risks. Mountains, with their huge diversity of microhabitats are likely to provide critical refuge to thousands of species preventing extinctions. The challenge is to develop a full systems approach to mountain conservation and sustainable development which will take reinvigoration of the mountain research and development communities, business, government, and above all the isolated mountain communities that throughout history have shown extraordinary resilience and adaptability.
The challenges tropical forests face have captured global attention in recent years, as have marine conservation issues. This attention has led to increasing action, much research, and improved policies to meet the threats. Although much remains to be done, the world is paying attention to their needs. Mountains, covering a quarter of our planet’s land surface and containing some 750 million people, need at least the same attention. So today, let us celebrate mountains, and tomorrow let us do something about it.
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The Holy Land Christian Ecumenical Foundation (HCEF) invites you to travel with us in January 2006 on a Christian pilgrimage and fact-finding mission to see the holy sites in Jordan, Palestine, and Israel and to meet with Christian communities in the Holy Land.
The Holy Land Christian Ecumenical Foundation (HCEF) invites you to travel with us in January 2006 on a Christian pilgrimage and fact-finding mission to see the holy sites in Jordan, Palestine, and Israel and to meet with Christian communities in the Holy Land. A very special part of this Pilgrimage will be participating in the Second Ecumenical Children's Christmas Celebration at the Nativity Church in Bethlehem. This celebration sponsored by HCEF will bring approximately 1000 Christian children aged 7 -13 from different Christian villages to celebrate Christmas at the place where the Prince of Peace was born. Many of these children have never been to Bethlehem before even though it is close to their homes.
Jordan will be our gateway to the Holy Land. In Jordan, we will visit Amman, Petra, Madaba, Mount Nebo, and the exciting new archeological find at Bethany Beyond the Jordan where John the Baptist baptized Jesus. The pilgrimage will also include visits to many Holy Land towns with established Christian communities including Bethlehem, Birzeit, Ramallah, Madaba, and Nazareth. Some of the sites pilgrims will visit include the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and the Via Dolorosa in Jerusalem and the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem. There will be opportunities to shop for gifts in family-run shops that sell the fine handcrafts of local artisans.
Pilgrims will visit, share meals, and worship with Palestinian and Jordanian Christians in villages throughout the Holy Land. There will be many opportunities to observe firsthand the full impact of the occupation on the indigenous Christians living in Palestine.
For more details on the pilgrimage, please click on the link below:
January 2006 Pilgrimage
The pilgrimage dates are January 7 – 20, 2006. The cost of the pilgrimage in under $3000 (including roundtrip airfare) from any major city in the U.S. Space is limited and reservations must be made by December 4, 2005. For additional questions or to make reservations, please contact Gail Freeman, Pilgrimage Coordinator, by phone at 1-866-871-HCEF (toll-free) or by e-mail at http://www.hcsn.org/HCEFfirstname.lastname@example.org.
All are encouraged to join us . it is a journey that will change your life!
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Microsoft Project 2010 Introduction Course Outline
*** WARNING: High Volume Class, Sign Up Early ***
This is one of our most popular classes. A green flag beside a date on the right means that a session has met the minimum enrollment levels and is running. However, it is common for dates for this course to fill several weeks in advance. Even if a date has a green flag, you might not be able to get into that session if it is full. To avoid disappointment, it is best to register for this class at least three weeks in advance.
You will create and manage a project schedule using Microsoft Project 2010.
You will exchange project plan data with other applications, update project plans, create visual reports, and reuse project plan information.
This course is designed for a person who has an understanding of project management concepts, who is responsible for creating and modifying project plans, and who needs a tool to manage those project plans.
Our Registered Education Provider (REP) number is: 3452
This course is worth: 14 PDU's
Students enrolling in this class should have the following:
•A basic knowledge of Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel.
•An understanding of project management concepts.
•Knowledge of a Windows operating system
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:
•identify the basic features and components of the Microsoft Project environment.
•create a new project plan file and enter project information.
•manage tasks by organizing tasks and setting task relationships.
•manage resources for a project.
•analyzefinalize the project plan. file.
•exchange project plan data with other applications.
•update a project plan.
•manage project costs.
•report project data visually.
•reuse project plan information.
Lesson 1: Getting Started with Microsoft Project
Topic 1A: The Microsoft Project 2010 Environment
Topic 1B: Display an Existing Project Plan in Different Views
Lesson 2: Creating a Project Plan
Topic 2A: Create a Project Plan
Topic 2B: Assign a Project Calendar
Topic 2C: Add Tasks to a Project Plan
Topic 2D: Enter the Task Duration Estimates
Topic 2E: Add Resources to a Project Plan
Lesson 3: Managing Tasks in a Project Plan
Topic 3A: Outline Tasks
Topic 3B: Link Dependent Tasks
Topic 3C: Set Task Constraints and Deadlines
Topic 3D: Add Notes to a Task
Topic 3E: Add a Recurring Task
Lesson 4: Managing Resources in a Project Plan
Topic 4A: Create a Resource Calendar
Topic 4B: Assign Resources to Tasks
Topic 4C: Enter Costs for Resources
Topic 4D: Resolve Resource Conflicts
Lesson 5: Finalizing the Project Plan
Topic 5A: Shorten the Project Using the Critical Path
Topic 5B: Set a Baseline
Topic 5C: Print a Project Summary Report
Lesson 1: Exchanging Project Plan Data with Other Applications
Topic 1A: Import Project Information
Topic 1B: Export Project Plan Cost Data into Excel
Topic 1C: Copy a Picture of the Project Plan Information
Lesson 2: Updating a Project Plan
Topic 2A: Update Task Progress
Topic 2B: Enter Overtime Work
Topic 2C: Edit Tasks
Topic 2D: Reschedule a Task
Topic 2E: Filter Tasks
Topic 2F: Set an Interim Plan
Topic 2G: Create a Custom Table
Topic 2H: Create a Custom Field
Topic 2I: Create a Custom Report
Lesson 3: Manage Project Costs
Topic 3A: Update Cost Rate Tables
Topic 3B: Group Costs
Topic 3C: Link Documents to a Project Plan
Lesson 4: Reporting Project Data Visually
Topic 4A: Create a Visual Report
Topic 4B: Customize a Visual Report
Topic 4C: Create a Visual Report Template
Lesson 5: Reusing Project Plan Information
Topic 5A: Create a Project Plan Template
Topic 5B: Create a Custom View
Topic 5C: Make Custom Views Available to Other Project Plans
Topic 5D: Share Resources
Topic 5E: Sync Project Information with SharePoint
Topic 5F: Create a Master Project
Appendix A: Additional Procedures to Create a Schedule in Microsoft Project 2010
View outline in Word
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|Incorporated||February 13, 1975|
|• Mayor||Jerilyn Kelly|
|• State senator||Lyman Hoffman (D)|
|• State rep.||Zach Fansler (D)|
|• Total||5.33 sq mi (13.81 km2)|
|• Land||4.38 sq mi (11.33 km2)|
|• Water||0.96 sq mi (2.48 km2)|
|Elevation||16 ft (5 m)|
| • Estimate |
|• Density||131.07/sq mi (50.60/km2)|
|Time zone||UTC-9 (Alaska (AKST))|
|• Summer (DST)||UTC-8 (AKDT)|
Its name is Kuinerraq in the Central Alaskan Yup'ik language. This name was used as early as 1000 A.D.
Location[change | change source]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city covers 5.2 square miles (13 km2). It is 4.7 square miles (12 km2) of land and 0.6 square miles (1.6 km2) of water. About 10.86% of the city's area is water.
Demographics[change | change source]
In 2000, there were 555 people living in Quinhagak. These people made up 137 households and 113 families. The population density was 118.5 people per square mile (45.8 people/km².) The people were 2.70% white, 96.04% Native American, and 1.26% multiple races. 0.72% were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
The median income (middle) for a household was $25,156 per year. The median income for a family was $25,313 per year. Men had a median income of $23,750. Women had a median income of $36,250. The per capita income for the whole city was $8,127. 26.1% of the population was below the poverty line.
Economy[change | change source]
Most of the people in Quinhagak are subsistence hunter-gatherers. This means that they hunt, fish, and pick berries and plants to eat but not to sell. There are lots of salmon, trout, birds, caribou, moose, and berries around the city. There is a little bit of work for money available through the government. The Lower Kuskokwim School District and the Native Village of Kwinhagak have some wage jobs.
References[change | change source]
- 1996 Alaska Municipal Officials Directory. Juneau: Alaska Municipal League/Alaska Department of Community and Regional Affairs. January 1996. p. 125.
- "2016 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved Jun 22, 2017.
- "Quinhagak". Alaska Community Information Summaries (CIS). Archived from the original on 2011-06-05. Retrieved 2010-11-30.
- "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". US Census Bureau, American FactFinder. Retrieved 2012-11-11.
- "US Gazetteer files: 2000 and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2005-05-03. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
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This week we begin a new series “How do we cope with James?” This week we ask “How do we cope with ... Speaking?” We all face difficulties in life and James has some great advice.
The Gospel Coalition have produced a playlist of 100 songs inspired by the book of James, and I intend to share some of those songs each day on the Blog, but you can listen to the full playlist during the next few weeks as we continue our studies in this book. I have benefited greatly from listening to these songs over and over again as I have asked God to speak from His word.
You can stream the playlist on Spotify or on Apple Music right now.
Here are the songs for today with a little thought about their subject matter.
- “Every Praise,” The Recording Collective - Perhaps a little bit too American for some tastes but a song all about offering every praise to God
- “Praise the Lord Ye Heavens,” Young Oceans, Harvest - another song about offering our praise to God.
Youtube Playlist https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLq2dO6q3VUIbGS7l8qyXDSrTrU3iXS_-y
I’ll add the songs to this playlist each day.
Let’s Pray For University & College Chaplains
Pray for Rev Dave Gray at Queen’s University Belfast and Derryvolgie Halls and Revs Cheryl Meban, John Coulter and Graeme Orr at the various campuses of Ulster University as they continue to support students and staff during Covid-19 restrictions. Pray for students preparing for and sitting exams.
As restrictions ease and chaplains are allowed more contact with prisoners, pray for wisdom and God’s guidance for them as they seek to bring the hope of the gospel and transformation to many.
“Reading Between The Lines” a series working through the bible looking at the well known phrases.
Sheltering Under His Wings
Q. What Else Does Christ’s Death Redeem?
A. Christ’s death is the beginning of the redemption and renewal of every part of fallen creation, as he powerfully directs all things for his own glory and creation’s good.
In this episode of TGC Q&A, @PaulTripp and @JDGreear discuss the question, “What are the biggest issues the church will face in this decade?” https://t.co/RH3PV6MKg9
Jesus was a Rabbi (teacher). Rabbis would traditionally visit the synagogue to teach the Torah, but Jesus' teaching and miracles were sensational...
Schaeffer was the right man at the right time, wisely guiding the global church through an upheaval of cultural change. Francis Schaeffer cared about the world, he cared about truth, he cared about people. Do we? https://t.co/dCXpWgIl1O
The times for yesterday’s Jigsaw
Play the "Danger Tuesday" puzzle!
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Learn about resources available from the GCC Connect team to support students on the pathway to employment. The team works to connect students with local employment and internship opportunities, and can provide valuable assistance to your students in areas such as resume writing, cover letters, and interviewing skills.
Look at this helpful document, Career Skills Checklist for Students and Advisors as we work to create students who are “job ready”. Another important part of preparing students for jobs and the business of finding the perfect position is creating a cover letter that truly represents their skills and potential while also speaking to the needs of the position and employer. Use this workshop idea from Andrew Baker as it is, or modify it to suit the needs of your class. Jumpstart – Writing Effective Cover Letters
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Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a high molecular weight polymer, one of the most versatile plastic materials known and useful for large range of products for applications excluded to other materials.
The most outstanding characteristics are:
- high heat resistance
- high resistance to chemical agents and solvents
- high antiadhesiveness
- high dielectric properties
- low friction coefficient
PTFE is generally considered a thermoplastic polymer; at 327°C, it maintains, a very high viscosity, thus requiring particular transformation techniques for manufacturing of finished and semi-finished goods.
PTFE can be employed at any temperature from -200°C to +260°C.
Properties of PTFE
Table 1 shows the physical properties of molded PTFE, methods for determining these values are listed.
1 Thermal properties
1.1 Thermal Stability
PTFE is one of the most thermally stable plastic material. There are no appreciable decompositions at 260°C, so that PTFE, at this temperature, still possesses the greater part of its properties.
Appreciable decomposition begins at over 400°C.
1.2 Transition points
The arrangement of the PTFE molecules (crystalline structure) varies with the temperature. There are different transition points, with the most important ones being the following: at 19°C corresponding to a modification of some physical properties and that at 327°C which corresponds to the disappearance of the crystalline structure: the PTFE assumes an amorphous aspect conserving its own geometric form.
PTFE linear thermal expansion and expansion coefficient vs. temperature
The liner thermal expansion coefficient varies with the temperature. In addition, because of the orientation caused by the working process, the PTFE pieces are in general anisotropic; in other words, the coefficient of expansion varies also in relation to direction.
1.4 Thermal conductivity
The coefficient of the thermal conductivity of PTFE does not varies with the temperature. It is relatively high, so that PTFE can be considered to be a good insulating material. The mixing of suitable fillers imrpvoes the thermal conductivity (see filled PTFE)
1.5 Specific heat
The specific heat, as well as the heat content (enthalpy) increases with the temperature.
2 Behaviour in presence of foreign agents
2.1 Resistance to chemical agents
PTFE is practically inert against known elements and compounds. It is attacked only by the alkaline metals in the elementary state, by Chlorine trifluoride and by elementary Fluorine at high temperatures and pressures.
2.2 Solvent resistance
PTFE is insoluble in almost all solvents at temperatures up to about 300°C, exercise a certain dissolving effect upon PTFE.
2.3 Resistance to atmospheric agents and light
Test pieces of PTFE, exposed for over twenty years to the most disparate climatic conditions, have not shown any alteration of their characteristic properties.
2.4 Resistance to radiations
High energy radiations tend to cause the breaking of the PTFE molecule, so that the resistance of the product to radiations is rather poor.
2.5 Gas permeability
The permeability of PTFE is similar to other plastic materials. The permeability does not depend, obviously, only on the thickness and pressure, but also on the working techniques.
3 Physical – mechanical properties
3.1 Tensile and compressive properties
These properties are to a large degree influenced by the working processes and the employed powder. PTFE, however, can be used continuously at temperatures up to 260°C, while possessing still a certain compressive plasticity at temperatures near to the absolute Zero.
PTFE tensile strength vs elongation
PTFE is quite flexible and does not break when subjected to stresses of 0,7 N/mm2 according to ASTM D 790. Flexural modulus is about 350 to 650 N/mm2 at room temperature, about 2000 N/mm2 at -80°C, about 200 N/mm2 at 100°C and about 45 N/mm2 at 260°C.
3.3 Impact properties
PTFE possesses very high resilience characteristics at low temperatures (see table 1).
3.4 Plastic memory
If a piece of PTFE is subjected to tensile or compression stresses below the yield point, part of the resulting deformations remain (as permanent deformations) after the discontinuance of the stresses, with the result that certain strains are induced in the piece. If the piece is reheated, these strains tend to release themselves within the piece which resumes its original form. This property of the PTFE is commonly indicated as “plastic memory” and is made use of in different applications.
Also the greater part of the semi-finished products, because of the transformation processes, possesses similar strains, to a certain degree. When it is desired to obtain semi-finished parts dimensionally stable at high temperatures, it is possible to subject the parts to a temperature of 280°C for one hour every 6mm of thickness and then cool them slowly. The parts obtained in this manner are almost completely free from internal strains and are in general known as “conditioned” or “thermostabilised” material.
The hardness Shore D, measured according to the method ASTMD2240, has values comprised between D50 and D60. According DIN 53456 (load13,5 Kg for 30 sec) results in a hardness range between 27 and 32 N/mm2.
PTFE possesses the lowest friction coefficients of all solid materials; between 0.05 and 0.09:
- the static and dynamic friction coefficients are almost equal, so that there is no seizure or stick-slip action
- when increasing the load, the friction coefficient decreases until reaching a stable value
- the friction coefficient increases with the speed
- the friction coefficient remains constant at temperature variations.
The wear depends upon the condition of the other sliding surface and obviously depends upon the speed and loads. The wear is considerably reduced when adding suitable fillers to the PTFE (see filled PTFE).
Influence of sliding velocity on Dynamic friction coefficient
4 Electrical properties
PTFE is an excellent insulator and precious dielectric as shown by the relative data reported in table 1, and maintains these characteristics throughout a large range of environmental conditions, temperatures and frequencies.
4.1 Dielectric strength
The dielectric strength of PTFE varies with the thickness and decreases with increasing frequency. It remains practically constant up to 300°C and does not vary even after a prolonged treatment at high temperatures (6 months at 300°C). It depends also upon the transformation processes.
4.2 Dielectric constant and dissipation factor
PTFE has very low dielectric constant and dissipation factors values; these remain unvaried until 300°C, in a frequency field of up to 109 Hz even after a prolonged thermal treatment (6 months at 300°C). The dielectric constant, dissipation factor as well as the volume resistivity and surface resistivity may be considered as being independent from the transformation processes.
PTFE has a good resisstance to the arc. The arc resistance time according to ASTM D 495 is 700 sec..
After a prolonged action there are no signs of surface charing.
4.4 Corona effect resistance
The discharges caused by the corona effect may result in erosions of the PTFE surface which, nevertheless, is indicated as a suitable insulator in case of high potential differences.
5 Surface properties
The molecular configuration of PTFE brings to its surfaces a high anti-adhesiveness. For the same reason these surfaces are hardly wettable, the contact angle with water is about 110° and it is possible to affirm that, beyond a surface tension of 20 dine/cm, the liquid no longer wets the PTFE.
A special etching treatment renders the surfaces bondable and wettable.
The following table shows the way each filler affects physical and mechanical properties.
Combinations of two or more fillers (not considered in the table) allow a large number compounds. Thus the resulting combined properties offer a variety of applications.
|Filler||Property||Most common applications|
|Glass||Enhanced wear resistance.Enhanced chemical resitance (except for alkali and hydrofluoridacid).||Valve seats, seals, bearings, requested to resist sliding and chemicals.Suitable for bearings working at low PV values.|
|Graphite||Extremely low coefficient of friction.Fairly good compressive strength.Good wear resistance.||Bearings for high speed on fairly hard surface.|
|Carbon||Good thermal conductivity.Good resistance to deformation.||Valve seats. Bearings for high speed and when fast dissipation of electrical charges is needed.Elastic bands for unlubricated compressors.|
|Molibdenum disulphide||Enhanced non-stick properties.Low static coefficient of friction.Fairly good resistance to deformation.||Guide bands.Details needing good resistivity.|
|Bronze||Enhanced compressive strength.Good wear resistance and high thermal conductivity.||Anti-extrusion rings.Unlubricated bearings for high speed on not hard surface.|
PTFE ETCHED SHEETS
- Uniform Etching
- A safe and low pollution process
- Clean and contamination free etched surfaces
- Unique etching capabilities
· Thin film
· Effective on irregular surfaces
- Treatment one side or both sides
- Wider range of products in Virgin and Filled P.T.F.E.
· Skived tapes
· Machined parts
Sheets and Skived Tapes
Sheets and skived tapes, etched one side or both sides, are available in the following standard sizes:
- Thickness (mm) : min. 2 max 80
- Width (mm) : 600 x 600
: 1000 x 1000
: 1200 x 1200
- Thickness (mm) : min. 0.02 max 2
- Width (mm) : min. 300 max 1200
Other sizes are available on request.
Rings, bushes, parts and other products as required can be etched either in small or large quantities at low cost, and with uniform quality.
According to end use etching can be carried out partially or on the total surface of the finished product.
QUALITY OF ETCHING
Contact Angle Method
The angle formed by a distilled water droplet on the P.T.F.E. surface is measured.
In Figure 1, two examples of contact angle are illustrated, on an unetched surface (bad wetting), and on a surface (good wetting).
The qualitative relation between contact angle value and degree of etch is illustrated in Figure 2.
Contact angle and etched P.T.F.E surface energy are related by the following formula:
SURF. EN. = 72 + (cos contact angle – 1)
Figure 3. shows contact angle vs. surface energy.
INSTRUCTION FOR USE
To obtain the best results it is necessary to remove grease or other contamination from the etched surface.
To clean the polymer surface use of an ALCOHOL or ACETONE is recommended, afterward making sure it is removed.
WARNING!!! DO NOT USE CHLORINATED SOLVENTS
Etched P.T.F.E. can be bonded to different substrates like metals, rubber, plastics and glass, using conventional adhesives.
Choice of adhesive will depend on the nature of the material to be bonded to P.T.F.E., the characteristics of needed of the bond, and operational conditions of the product (temperature, chemical agents, etc.).
Temperature, humidity, and U.V. light have a negative effect on the etched surface.
It is advisable to store the etched material in a warehouse at room temperature, and low humidity, protecting it from light, direct sun light in particular.
If stored according to the conditions above, the etched products can stay unchanged for a long period. Our experience suggests 10-12 months.
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YOUR DEVOTIONAL LIFE
By A.W. Tozer
Be strong in the Lord, and in the power of his might.
Too many of us object, perhaps unconsciously, to the
rather evident fact that the maintenance of the devotional
mood is indispensable to success in the Christian life.
And what is the devotional mood?
It is nothing else than constant awareness of God's
enfolding presence, the holding of inward conversations
with Christ and private worship of God in spirit and in
To establish our hearts in the devotional mood we must
abide in Christ, walk in the Spirit, pray without ceasing
and meditate in the Word of God day and night. Of
course this implies separation from the world and
obedience to the will of God, as we are able to understand it.
No matter how we may argue, true holiness and
spiritual power are not qualities that can be once received
and thereafter forgotten, as one might wind a clock or
take a vitamin pill. Every advance in the spiritual life
must be made against the determined resistance of the
world, the flesh and the devil!
Yours in Christ,
Here is more help for the above.
"We must know before we can love.
In order to know God, we must often think of Him.
And when we come to love Him, we shall then also think of Him often,
for our heart will be with our treasure."
... Brother Lawrence
© Light Heart
on the web since 1999
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3M E-A-R ear plugs, the leader in hearing protection for over 40 years
The classic, cylindrical 3M™ E-A-R Classic™ ear plug has been protecting the hearing of workers in high noise environments for the last 40 years.Developed in the late 1960’s at the National Research Corporation by chemist Ross Gardener Jr, the Classic Ear Plug has remained unchanged ever since.
Gardener had developed a new vinyl material with exceptional high energy absorption properties and was looking for an appropriate use. Remembering lessons he had learned from an acoustic consultant he decided to make foam ear plugs.The now classic, cylindrical design was quickly arrived upon for its ability to be easily compressed and reform to fit almost any ear canal. By 1972 the first commercially available E-A-R™ ear plug was introduced and over 40 years later it remains one of the worlds best selling single use hearing protection products.
The 3M™ E-A-R™ Classic Ear Plug has remained unchanged for over 40 years due to the incredible properties of the slow recovery foam vinyl from which they are constructed.
The flat ended cylindrical shape of the Classic Ear Plug allows it to be securely inserted into the ear canal and remain there even while subjected to deformation caused by talking or eating. The unique vinyl foam is both sweat and humidity resistant which ensures a slow and comfortable expansion each and every time; regardless of the environment you are working in. The textured surface of the Classic Ear Plug increases friction between the ear plug and the ear canal preventing it from slipping during strenuous use and therefore maintaining its seal and protection from excessive noise.
Attenuation is the measure of the amount of noise reduction achieved by an ear plug or other hearing protection device. The E-A-R™ Classic Ear Plug has been subjected to many real world attenuation studies comparing laboratory generated data with field performance and has consistently outperformed other ear plugs. The slow recovery vinyl foam construction has been tested in 5 countries, in over 30 laboratories involving over 600 participants – more than any other foam construction ear plugs. Each pair of E-A-R™ ear plugs is CE marked and conforms to all relevant EU directives.
The firmness of the vinyl foam of the 3M™ E-A-R™ Classic Ear Plug is integral to its outstanding noise reducing properties. Too firm and the ear plug would become uncomfortable for the wearer and sit awkwardly in the ear canal, affecting attenuation. Too soft and the ear plug would collapse or fold during insertion. The foams firmness allows it to be quickly rolled and inserted securely into the ear and its slow recovery allows it to gently adapt to the users unique ear canal providing maximum comfort and attenuation.
The E-A-R™brand has continued to expand and innovate the world of hearing protection and the brand now boasts several additional products including Banded Ear Plugs, Corded Ear Plugs and Detectable Ear Plugs to suit any hearing protection need.
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How dementia affects family life
A person experiencing memory loss is, at the least, confused. When we can’t remember and track what’s going on, it’s very confusing. And it can be scary!
Anger and fear are natural responses. People with dementia often don’t recognize they have a problem. They just know that the world is not as they expect it to be.
Personality changes are common, as are changes in behaviors as the disease progresses. For instance, people with middle stage dementia frequently lose their social inhibitions. They forget the social customs we call manners. This can lead to actions that are embarrassing and very confusing for families.
Research indicates that caring for a person with memory loss is extremely stressful. A diagnosis of dementia, more than other conditions, takes its toll on the family.
Dementia caregivers are much more likely to be depressed. They also are more likely than other caregivers to develop significant health problems.
If your relative has dementia, you need to be extra careful to mind your own health. And you need to develop strategies for coping with stress.
Return to top
Although working together as a team is optimal in elder care, that can be challenging in the case of dementia.
In the earlier stages, it is important that the person with dementia be involved in decision making. As the disease progresses, however, he or she will lose the ability to make reasoned decisions. More than with other conditions, the role of the family will change.
Determining when and how to phase out responsibility for decision making can be difficult. A nurse care manager can give you a sense of the stage of dementia. He or she can help walk you through the formal diagnosis process. A nurse care manager can also help you find resources now and to plan for the future.
Return to top
Even if the memory loss condition is not curable, there are things you can do to make daily life more pleasant for all of you.
It’s very important that you reach out and get help. People with dementia need support and access to others who know what it’s like. Joining a support group of people with early stage dementia is invaluable!
Caring for someone with dementia can be physically and emotionally taxing. Family members need patience, strength, and regular breaks from caregiving. Support groups can be extremely helpful. There are also other programs and sources of support.
You don’t have to do this alone
At Senior Care Advocates, we understand dementia. Give us a call at 248-798-6914. We’d be happy to help with resources for everyone in the family.
Who can you talk to about this big change in your life?
Return to top
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The role of firms has been in a slippery slope ever since finance theory began replacing the pursuit of profit maximization by maximization of shareholder or firm value.
Before outlining this evolution let me recall first why for-profit organizations choose to incorporate and its consequences in terms of finance.
Following Veblen (1923), one may say that a “corporation arises out of a collective credit transaction whereby funds supplied … are entrusted to the corporation as a going concern … therefore, an impersonal incorporation of liabilities to the stockholders, and by employing these liabilities as collateral (formally or informally) it will then procure further capital by an issue of securities (debentures, typically bonds) bearing a stated rate of income and constituting a lien on the assets of the corporation.” For him, the two main consequential facts were: a) an inflation of credit (increased leverage), and b) a capitalization of funds, essentially liabilities, with fixed charges. This way the value of a firm could be gauged by the value of its securities traded in exchange markets.
So, in the 1930s, people began questioning whether the profit or return maximization rule used in economic theory to optimize the allocation of resources through market exchanges. In particular, if it was appropriate to ignore the non-pecuniary motives that so often drive business or if a focus on current income would be myopic, ignoring uncertainty and long term considerations.
The non-pecuniary motives were rule out, on the usual grounds that on average they would have a small impact, but different schedules of future income could not be compared unless using an appropriate index of time preference to convert future income into its present value.
Hence the suggestion that investors replace profit maximization by maximization of investment value, defined as the discounted value of an expected income stream.
However, this shift was not a simple question of semantic. While under profit maximization the optimal business expansion proceeds until the marginal return on capital equals the rate of interest, for the maximization of investment value stockholders must consider if their shares will be worth more or less following the expansion.
That is, the rate of earnings on the new investment must exceed not only the interest cost of borrowed money but also the rate of earnings required by stockholders to maintain the value of their shares. This rate is the opportunity cost for stockholders and, although it is not an out-of-pocket cost, it can be interpreted as a cost for the corporation.
As shown in Durand (1952), the required return is higher than the interest rate and therefore the optimal level of expansion as determined by the schedule of investment value is smaller than the level determined by the schedule of total return. Most importantly, the required schedule of the rate of return depends on the method used to capitalize earnings. For instance, with capitalization based on operating profit the interest rate and the required rate of return coincide up to the point of zero borrowing, while if capitalization is based on net profit the required rate schedule will be always above the interest rate curve.
Under the net profit approach the required return curve defined as a function of financial leverage has a maximum which implies the existence of an optimal capital structure. This is at the core of the heated debates on the cost of capital and the neutrality of capital structures mentioned previously (see Modigliani and Miller (1959) and Durand (1959)). For reasons given above the subsequent academic literature choose to ignore the theoretical implications of the choice of capitalization method and proceeded with a theory of corporate financing based on the concept of neutrality of capital structure.
From the 1960s onwards, this otherwise reasonable substitution of profits by investment value was used to justify the linking of management compensation to the stock market which led to the uncontrolled rise of their compensation relative to shareholders and employees. Whether the cost of this side-effect of shifting from profit-based compensation to stock market-based compensation exceeds the benefits of a better selection of investments through investment value is an unsettled empirical matter.
What a cursory look at the history of this process shows is that the pursuit of stockholder value maximization, which was initially welcomed, come to be also increasingly criticized for generating “short-termism”.
A living symbol of the shareholder value theory was Jack Welch during his tenure as CEO of General Electric from 1981 to 2001. But, according to Steve Denning (Forbes, June 26, 2013) he became one of the strongest critics of shareholder value. On March 12, 2009, he gave an interview with Francesco Guerrera of the Financial Times and said, “On the face of it, shareholder value is the dumbest idea in the world. Shareholder value is a result, not a strategy… your main constituencies are your employees, your customers and your products. Managers and investors should not set share price increases as their overarching goal… Short-term profits should be allied with an increase in the long-term value of a company.”
It is interesting to notice that, instead of narrowing the constituency that management has to serve, he not only enlarged it substantially but also demoted investors to a secondary role. Under managerial capitalism, this is consistent with a rising perception of management (and not the owners) as the real rulers of corporations.
In summary, history has shown that moving from corporate profits to stakeholders value made the metrics to assess performance more vague and accountability more diffused, while leaving unsolved the supposed short-termism of corporations and compromising their future by transforming them into major self-serving bureaucracies.
Given that this process generated many market and fiscal distortions one has to consider whether regulators and tax authorities opposed them or were accomplices on this evolution. The role of regulation is difficult to ascertain because of the successive cycles of excessive/deficient deregulation-regulation-deregulation. So, there is little empirical evidence on which one can rely.
However, there is a common sense perception that excessive regulation damages small investors by treating them as children while protecting the big players which have the scale and resources needed to cope with the cost of regulation. Likewise, the recurring shifts in the taxation of dividends and capital gains distorts most serious attempts to estimate long-term investment returns. There is nevertheless a large field of taxation – subsidization - where it is easier to assess if regulation (or lack thereof) contributes to an unfair leveled playing field. I will illustrate that below through various examples.
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It's a good time to start thinking and planning ahead for your garden. A neat and tidy front yard can enhance a property, but a beautifully planned one can really make an ordinary house look special.
Some accessories that will make your yard look really good can be very inexpensive. Most of us are on a budget, especially these days when we never know how much it will cost to fill up our gas tank. Sometimes at this time of the year, you can find last year's garden accessories discounted. Benches or garden lights may be listed for sale before the new stock comes in.
There are some basic rules which apply to every garden. Before you start you should try and afford a soil test. This is quite inexpensive and either your local nursery or the Internet will tell you how to go about it. You can also buy do-it-yourself kits. The second thing is to dig compost into your garden, and now (winter) is a good time.
If you are having a soil test carried out, you will know from the results if you should add any other nutrition to your soil. A soil test will mean you will not be buying the 'wrong' shrubs, plants etc for your soil type.
There is one last thing that you should monitor: how long and where the sun shines on different parts of your garden. Plants can thrive without direct sunlight, but only if you plant a type that likes the shade. This can still include many bright, colorful plants (ie impatiens), so you can still brighten up dull areas.
Once you decide to buy, you do not want to waste your money by having the plants or shrubs die on you. The soil test will curb some of these mistakes. The other thing to do is to look up, on the Internet or from a book, your particular growing zone. If you live in an area where, for instance, you come into the 'Hardiness Zone', it will enable you to pick the type of plant that has the best chance of surviving in your type of climate.
Always put short and stocky plants in front of taller ones. Remember to check the expected height to know this information – do not decide by the height at purchase time. Remember that short and stocky plants are generally tougher and more tenant, so choose more of these.
Try to resist buying plants in bloom at the time of purchase. The ones that still have to bloom will probably be stronger for the transplant process. If you have more shady areas than you wish, think about drastically trimming a tree to get more sunlight onto certain patches. Remember that some plants like a lot of water, so group these together to make the watering less laborious for you.
There are many small accessories that will really make your yard stand out. Obviously a strategically placed bench -or chairs and small table- under a tree will look welcoming and relaxing. A small bridge can really enhance a yard, and you can use it as a focal point for a few reeds or grasses to give the impression of water. Or if you feel boring you can try digging your own long shaped pond. Instructions on this are easy to find in books or on the 'net.
For cheap plants (in fact free ones!) Buy a can of 'root powder' and offer to swap cuttings with your neighbors. It is not recommended to sneak out at midnight with your scissors in hand !!
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Code.org has partnered with Bootstrap to develop a curriculum which teaches algebraic and geometric concepts through computer programming. The twenty lessons focus on concepts like order of operations, the Cartesian plane, function composition and definition, and solving word problems - all within the context of video game design. By shifting classwork from abstract pencil-and-paper problems to a series of relevant programming problems, Code.org CS in Algebra demonstrates how algebra applies in the real world, using an exciting, hands-on approach to create something cool.
These videos were created as part of the CS in Algebra professional development program. The nine videos are intended for teachers to build their background knowledge in preparation to teach CS in Algebra.
The videos introduce teachers to the curriculum materials and tools, data modeling and coordinates planes, multiple representations of functions, using design recipes to solve problems, and more concepts vital in game design.
Access the CS in Algebra Curriculum.
Code.org’s library of videos may be redistributed freely on the express conditions that (1) the videos are redistributed AS-IS, (using the embedded video player provided, or download link IF provided) with attribution to Code.org (2) the videos are not incorporated into any mash-ups, (3) the videos are used for computer science education purposes, and (4) the use of the video does not constitute an endorsement of a 3rd party brand, service or product and (5) if access to such redistributed Content or Services is provided free of charge.
The celebrities and video "cast" members appearing in Code.org tutorial videos reserve all rights to their likeness and name. By allowing you to redistribute these videos or tutorials AS-IS, Code.org does not grant any additional rights to use of the likeness or name of these individuals.
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BRUSSELS (AFP) – European Union foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton will hold talks in Brussels next week on Iran's contested nuclear drive with senior officials from six global powers, the first since Tehran elected a new president.
Ashton's spokesman Michael Mann said Ashton would meet on Tuesday with political directors from the group of nations that have been negotiating with Iran on its nuclear programme.
It will be the first such meeting of the so-called P5+1 group -- the five permanent UN Security Council members Britain, China, France, Rusia, and the United States plus Germany -- since Hassan Rowhani was declared Iran's new president in June.
Western powers believe the programme is being used to develop an atomic bomb, but Iran insists it is for peaceful purposes.
Ashton met Iran's top nuclear negotiator Saeed Jalili in Istanbul in May for talks he described as "long and useful" that followed fruitless discussions the previous month in Almaty, Kazakhstan.
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Anna Nolan: Few things are as stressful as coming out as a gay person - I even lost my hair
Why would a man in his mid 40s come out as being gay? Why would he risk his job, his reputation and possibly many of his relationships? What would he gain?
What possessed Monsignor Krzysztof Charamsa to tell the world that he was gay and that he had a boyfriend - the day before the biggest gathering of Vatican officials in Rome?
Shakespeare wrote "To thine own self be true". Authenticity is something we have to constantly reassess throughout our lives. When we are not 'being true to ourselves' the effect can be extremely harmful.
Some believe that holding onto secrets will causes people to have difficulty with memory and learning. And the excess release of cortisol as a result of the stress will cause a host of other ailments.
I remember when I went through the coming-out process when I was a novice nun. The complex feelings had a huge effect on my health. While I was grappling with faith, vocation, sexuality and the future...my hair began to fall out. My teeth also became very weak and two fell out.
It was a very frightening period because I had mapped out a life for myself and it was all thrown into the air.
It is amazing that even though we might think we are managing to get through an anxious time in our lives our bodies let us know that all is not right. If we don't listen to what is going on inside, our brain takes over and tells us to cop on by giving us signs on the outside.
So after I left the convent and took time to explore my sexuality my hair stopped falling out and I became genuinely happy. I told family and friends and they were all supportive. It was one of the best decisions of my life.
I have huge admiration for Monsignor Charamsa. He has taken on the might of the biggest institution of the world - the Catholic Church.
He has been authentic, true to himself and as a result has been sacked.
No doubt the man knew that this would happen but he has sacrificed his career and, in a way, his life as he knows it for speaking out.
You would do the same, wouldn't you? If you knew that there were hundreds of gay men and women in religious life who are also living a lie, you'd surely speak up. If you knew that the Catholic Church condemns homosexuality (don't ever buy that 'love the sinner hate the sin' rubbish) you would leave, right? Or would you keep your head in the sand, continue life as half a person and not upset the apple cart?
Coming out, acknowledging who you really are, is tough. Even after all that we have gone through in this country it's still difficult to tell family and friends that you are gay.
But it's worth the trouble. I guarantee that if you asked Monsignor Charamsa if he regretted what he has done, he would say no. He would feel that a huge weight has lifted and he can tell the world that he is being true to himself.
They're horrific and haunting, but we cannot turn away from car crash ads
There is a very good ad on the television at the moment. It deals with a subject that can make us turn away from the screen - dangerous driving.
The Road Safety Authority (RSA) ad, called 'Anatomy of a Split Second', shows lots of moments that take just one second.
We see a child dropping an ice cream onto grass. We see a hedge being clipped. We see a burger being flipped on a BBQ.
Then we see a driver looking down for one second as he texts - and the results are catastrophic.
Dangerous driving ads over the years have been tough to watch. It is a skill to be able to balance making the audience sit up and take note, but not upsetting them too much. I will never forget the ad some years back which showed a car flipping over and landing in a garden where children are playing. The father lifts his child, who has been struck by the car, and screams.
There was also the ad which left a girl paralysed after a car smashed into her and boyfriend. The song used in the ad, 'I Can't Take My Eyes Off You' was horrendously haunting.
But the best dangerous driving ad I ever saw was made in New Zealand. It also focused on time as a way of getting the message across.
In this ad a father is about to pull out of a road and a car comes speeding towards him. He has a child in the back and a crash is about to happen.
Then time stops and the driver gets out of the car to talk to the driver of the speeding car. He tells him his child is in the back. The other driver tells him he is sorry but he cannot do anything to change what is about to happen.
It's heartbreaking, as the two drivers return to their cars, time returns to normal and the crash happens.
The RSA have done great work over the years to encourage safer driving. And they have done an amazing job with 'The Anatomy of a Split Second'.
Time for second bite at Apple movie
So we're about to have a Steve Jobs-off. Ashton Kutcher (inset) played the Apple boss a couple of years ago in a movie and seemingly it wasn't great.
Now we have a polo-necked, roundy-glassed Michael Fassbender (left) taking on the role - but will he be any better? I feel we have been Jobbed-out, over-Jobbed, whatever. Do we need any more information on this man?
The trailer is exciting, but then all trailers are these days - a low thundering soundtrack, lots of fading to black, tonnes of strops being thrown building up to a crescendo of ear-busting noise.
Will it be worth it? We'll just have to see - but I won't hold my breath for a cinema classic.
At least the set was worth watching
I'm LOVING the TV3 coverage of the Rugby World Cup. I think Matt and the panel are doing an incredible job. And I love the set.
It was designed by a pal, Anita Barrett, who has designed many of the sets you see on Irish television. It's smart and pretty, but in a rugby sort of way.
Now I know that some folk are not happy with the amount of advertising between the matches, but this is a small price to pay for some fresh, enthusiastic sports punditry.
As for Ireland's match against Italy last weekend, we'll ignore for a moment that they produced the lowest-winning score of the tournament so far. Onwards and upwards lads, bring on the French!
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Could the Olfactory System Be a Target for Homeopathic Remedies as Nanomedicines?
ABSTRACT: Homeopathic remedies (HRs) contain odorant molecules such as flavonoids or terpenes and can lose their efficiency in presence of some competitive odors. Such similarities, along with extreme sensitivity of the olfactory system, widespread presence of olfactory receptors over all organic tissues (where they have metabolic roles besides perception of odors), and potential direct access to the brain through olfactory nerves (ONs) and trigeminal nerves, may suggest the olfactory system as target for HRs. Recent works highlighted that HRs exist in a dual form, that is, a still molecular form at low dilution and a nanoparticulate form at high dilution, and that remnants of source remedy persist in extremely high dilutions. From the literature, both odorants and nanoparticles (NPs) can enter the body through inhalation, digestive absorption, or through the skin, especially, NPs or viruses can directly reach the brain through axons of nerves. Assuming that HRs are recognized by olfactory receptors, their information could be transmitted to numerous tissues through receptor-ligand interaction, or to the brain by either activating the axon potential of ONs and trigeminal nerves or, in their nanoparticulate form, by translocating through axons of these nerves. Moreover, the nanoparticulate form may activate the immune system at multiple levels, induce systemic various biological responses through the pituitary axis and inflammation factors, or modulate gene expression at the cellular level. As immunity, inflammation, pituitary axis, and olfactory system are closely linked together, their permanent interaction triggered by olfactory receptors may thus ensure homeostasis.
Project description:The infectious disease melioidosis is caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Melioidosis is characterised by high mortality and morbidity and can involve the central nervous system (CNS). We have previously discovered that B. pseudomallei can infect the CNS via the olfactory and trigeminal nerves in mice. We have shown that the nerve path is dependent on mouse strain, with outbred mice showing resistance to olfactory nerve infection. Damage to the nasal epithelium by environmental factors is common, and we hypothesised that injury to the olfactory epithelium may increase the vulnerability of the olfactory nerve to microbial insult. We therefore investigated this, using outbred mice that were intranasally inoculated with B. pseudomallei, with or without methimazole-induced injury to the olfactory neuroepithelium. Methimazole-mediated injury resulted in increased B. pseudomallei invasion of the olfactory epithelium, and only in pre-injured animals were bacteria found in the olfactory nerve and bulb. In vitro assays demonstrated that B. pseudomallei readily infected glial cells isolated from the olfactory and trigeminal nerves (olfactory ensheathing cells and trigeminal Schwann cells, respectively). Bacteria were degraded by some cells but persisted in other cells, which led to the formation of multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs), with olfactory ensheathing cells less likely to form MNGCs than Schwann cells. Double Cap mutant bacteria, lacking the protein BimA, did not form MNGCs. These data suggest that injuries to the olfactory epithelium expose the primary olfactory nervous system to bacterial invasion, which can then result in CNS infection with potential pathogenic consequences for the glial cells.
Project description:ABSTRACT Melioidosis is a potentially fatal disease that is endemic to tropical northern Australia and Southeast Asia, with a mortality rate of 14 to 50%. The bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent which infects numerous parts of the human body, including the brain, which results in the neurological manifestation of melioidosis. The olfactory nerve constitutes a direct conduit from the nasal cavity into the brain, and we have previously reported that B. pseudomallei can colonize this nerve in mice. We have now investigated in detail the mechanism by which the bacteria penetrate the olfactory and trigeminal nerves within the nasal cavity and infect the brain. We found that the olfactory epithelium responded to intranasal B. pseudomallei infection by widespread crenellation followed by disintegration of the neuronal layer to expose the underlying basal layer, which the bacteria then colonized. With the loss of the neuronal cell bodies, olfactory axons also degenerated, and the bacteria then migrated through the now-open conduit of the olfactory nerves. Using immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated that B. pseudomallei migrated through the cribriform plate via the olfactory nerves to enter the outer layer of the olfactory bulb in the brain within 24 h. We also found that the bacteria colonized the thin respiratory epithelium in the nasal cavity and then rapidly migrated along the underlying trigeminal nerve to penetrate the cranial cavity. These results demonstrate that B. pseudomallei invasion of the nerves of the nasal cavity leads to direct infection of the brain and bypasses the blood-brain barrier. IMPORTANCE Melioidosis is a potentially fatal tropical disease that is endemic to northern Australia and Southeast Asia. It is caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, which can infect many organs of the body, including the brain, and results in neurological symptoms. The pathway by which the bacteria can penetrate the brain is unknown, and we have investigated the ability of the bacteria to migrate along nerves that innervate the nasal cavity and enter the frontal region of the brain by using a mouse model of infection. By generating a mutant strain of B. pseudomallei which is unable to survive in the blood, we show that the bacteria rapidly penetrate the cranial cavity using the olfactory (smell) nerve and the trigeminal (sensory) nerve that line the nasal cavity.
Project description:<i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> can infect the brain and has been linked to late-onset dementia. <i>Chlamydia muridarum</i>, which infects mice, is often used to model human chlamydial infections. While it has been suggested to be also important for modelling brain infection, nervous system infection by <i>C. muridarum</i> has not been reported in the literature. <i>C. pneumoniae</i> has been shown to infect the olfactory bulb in mice after intranasal inoculation, and has therefore been suggested to invade the brain <i>via</i> the olfactory nerve; however, nerve infection has not been shown to date. Another path by which certain bacteria can reach the brain is <i>via</i> the trigeminal nerve, but it remains unknown whether <i>Chlamydia</i> species can infect this nerve. Other bacteria that can invade the brain <i>via</i> the olfactory and/or trigeminal nerve can do so rapidly, however, whether <i>Chlamydia</i> spp. can reach the brain earlier than one-week post inoculation remains unknown. In the current study, we showed that <i>C. muridarum</i> can within 48 h invade the brain <i>via</i> the olfactory nerve, in addition to infecting the trigeminal nerve. We also cultured the glial cells of the olfactory and trigeminal nerves and showed that <i>C. muridarum</i> readily infected the cells, constituting a possible cellular mechanism explaining how the bacteria can invade the nerves without being eliminated by glial immune functions. Further, we demonstrated that olfactory and trigeminal glia differed in their responses to <i>C. muridarum</i>, with olfactory glia showing less infection and stronger immune response than trigeminal glia.
Project description:Exploring the potential of eucalyptol as a masking agent for aversive odors, we found that eucalyptol masks the olfactory but not the trigeminal sensation of ammonia in a previous study. Here, we further investigate the processing of a mixture consisting of eucalyptol and ammonia, two olfactory-trigeminal stimuli. We presented the two pure odors and a mixture thereof to 33 healthy participants. The nostrils were stimulated alternately (monorhinal application). We analyzed the behavioral ratings (intensity and pleasantness) and functional brain images. First, we replicated our previous finding that, within the mixture, the eucalyptol component suppressed the olfactory intensity of the ammonia component. Second, mixture pleasantness was rated differently by participants depending on which component dominated their mixture perception. Approximately half of the volunteers rated the eucalyptol component as more intense and evaluated the mixture as pleasant (pleasant group). The other half rated the ammonia component as more intense and evaluated the mixture as unpleasant (unpleasant group). Third, these individual differences were also found in functional imaging data. Contrasting the mixture either to eucalyptol or to both single odors, neural activation was found in the unpleasant group only. Activation in the anterior insula and SII was interpreted as evidence for an attentional shift towards the potentially threatening mixture component ammonia and for trigeminal enhancement. In addition to insula and SII, further regions of the pain matrix were involved when assessing all participant responses to the mixture. Both a painful sensation and an attentional shift towards the unpleasant mixture component complicates the development of an efficient mask because a pleasant perception is an important requirement for malodor coverage.
Project description:BACKGROUND:Insects detect a multitude of odors using a broad array of phenotypically distinct olfactory organs referred to as olfactory sensilla. Each sensillum contains one to several sensory neurons and at least three support cells; these cells arise from mitotic activities from one or a small group of defined precursor cells. Sensilla phenotypes are defined by distinct morphologies, and specificities to specific odors; these are the consequence of developmental programs expressed by associated neurons and support cells, and by selection and expression of subpopulations of olfactory genes encoding such proteins as odor receptors, odorant binding proteins, and odor degrading enzymes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:We are investigating development of the olfactory epithelium of adult M. sexta, identifying events which might establish sensilla phenotypes. In the present study, antennal tissue was examined during the first three days of an 18 day development, a period when sensory mitotic activity was previously reported to occur. Each antenna develops as a cylinder with an outward facing sensory epithelium divided into approximately 80 repeat units or annuli. Mitotic proliferation of sensory cells initiated about 20-24 hrs after pupation (a.p.), in pre-existing zones of high density cells lining the proximal and distal borders of each annulus. These high density zones were observed as early as two hr. a.p., and expanded with mitotic activity to fill the mid-annular regions by about 72 hrs a.p. Mitotic activity initiated at a low rate, increasing dramatically after 40-48 hrs a.p.; this activity was enhanced by ecdysteroids, but did not occur in animals entering pupal diapause (which is also ecdysteroid sensitive). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:Sensory proliferation initiates in narrow zones along the proximal and distal borders of each annulus; these zones rapidly expand to fill the mid-annular regions. These zones exist prior to any mitotic activity as regions of high density cells which form either at or prior to pupation. Mitotic sensitivity to ecdysteroids may be a regulatory mechanism coordinating olfactory development with the developmental choice of diapause entry.
Project description:Infection with Burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, a disease with a high mortality rate (20% in Australia and 40% in Southeast Asia). Neurological melioidosis is particularly prevalent in northern Australian patients and involves brain stem infection, which can progress to the spinal cord; however, the route by which the bacteria invade the central nervous system (CNS) is unknown. We have previously demonstrated that B. pseudomallei can infect the olfactory and trigeminal nerves within the nasal cavity following intranasal inoculation. As the trigeminal nerve projects into the brain stem, we investigated whether the bacteria could continue along this nerve to penetrate the CNS. After intranasal inoculation of mice, B. pseudomallei caused low-level localized infection within the nasal cavity epithelium, prior to invasion of the trigeminal nerve in small numbers. B. pseudomallei rapidly invaded the trigeminal nerve and crossed the astrocytic barrier to enter the brain stem within 24 h and then rapidly progressed over 2,000 ?m into the spinal cord. To rule out that the bacteria used a hematogenous route, we used a capsule-deficient mutant of B. pseudomallei that does not survive in the blood and found that it also entered the CNS via the trigeminal nerve. This suggests that the primary route of entry is via the nerves that innervate the nasal cavity. We found that actin-mediated motility could facilitate initial infection of the olfactory epithelium. Thus, we have demonstrated that B. pseudomallei can rapidly infect the brain and spinal cord via the trigeminal nerve branches that innervate the nasal cavity.
Project description:Peripheral nerve injury presents significant therapeutic challenges for recovery of motor and sensory function in patients. Different clinical approaches exist but to date there has been no consensus on the most effective method of treatment. Here, we investigate a novel approach to peripheral nerve repair using olfactory derived stem (ONS) cells delivered in a biphasic collagen and laminin functionalized hyaluronic acid based nerve guidance conduit (NGC). Nerve regeneration was studied across a 10-mm sciatic nerve gap in Sprague Dawley rats. The effect of ONS cell loading of NGCs with or without nerve growth factor (NGF) supplementation on nerve repair was compared to a cell-free NGC across a variety of clinical, functional, electrophysiological, and morphologic parameters. Animals implanted with ONS cell loaded NGCs demonstrated improved clinical and electrophysiological outcomes compared to cell free NGC controls. The nerves regenerated across ONS cell loaded NGCs contained significantly more axons than cell-free NGCs. A return of the nocioceptive withdrawal reflex in ONS cell treated animals indicated an advanced repair stage at a relatively early time point of 8 weeks post implantation. The addition of NGF further improved the outcomes of the repair indicating the potential beneficial effect of a combined stem cell/growth factor treatment strategy delivered on NGCs. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1894-1904.
Project description:Although the brain structures involved in integrating odorant and trigeminal stimuli are well-documented, there is still a need to clarify (1) how emotional response is represented in the human brain during cross-modal interaction between odors and trigeminal stimuli, and (2) whether the degree of congruency between the two types of stimuli influences these emotional responses and their neural processing. These questions were explored combining psychophysics, event-related potentials (ERP) and fMRI in the same group of 17 subjects under a "congruent condition" (intranasal carbon dioxide mixed with the smell of orange, a combination found in soda drinks, for example), and an "incongruent condition" (intranasal carbon dioxide mixed with the smell of rose, a combination not encountered in everyday life). Responses to the 3 constituent stimuli (carbon dioxide, orange, and rose) were also measured. Hedonic and intensity ratings were collected for all stimulations. The congruent bimodal stimulus was rated as more pleasant than the incongruent. This behavioral effect was associated with enhanced neural activity in the hippocampus and anterior cingulate gyrus, indicating that these brain areas mediate reactivation of pleasant and congruent olfactory-trigeminal associations.
Project description:<h4>Background</h4>TRPA1 ion channels are involved in nociception and are also excited by pungent odorous substances. Based on reported associations of TRPA1 genetics with increased sensitivity to thermal pain stimuli, we therefore hypothesized that this association also exists for increased olfactory sensitivity.<h4>Methods</h4>Olfactory function and nociception was compared between carriers (n?=?38) and non-carriers (n?=?43) of TRPA1 variant rs11988795 G>A, a variant known to enhance cold pain perception. Olfactory function was quantified by assessing the odor threshold, odor discrimination and odor identification, and by applying 200-ms pulses of H2S intranasal. Nociception was assessed by measuring pain thresholds to experimental nociceptive stimuli (blunt pressure, electrical stimuli, cold and heat stimuli, and 200-ms intranasal pulses of CO2).<h4>Results</h4>Among the 11 subjects with moderate hyposmia, carriers of the minor A allele (n?=?2) were underrepresented (34 carriers among the 70 normosmic subjects; p?=?0.049). Moreover, carriers of the A allele discriminated odors significantly better than non-carriers (13.1±1.5 versus 12.3±1.6 correct discriminations) and indicated a higher intensity of the H2S stimuli (29.2±13.2 versus 21±12.8 mm VAS, p?=?0.006), which, however, could not be excluded to have involved a trigeminal component during stimulation. Finally, the increased sensitivity to thermal pain could be reproduced.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The findings are in line with a previous association of a human TRPA1 variant with nociceptive parameters and extend the association to the perception of odorants. However, this addresses mainly those stimulants that involve a trigeminal component whereas a pure olfactory effect may remain disputable. Nevertheless, findings suggest that future TRPA1 modulating drugs may modify the perception of odorants.
Project description:Olfactory and trigeminal chemosensory systems reside in parallel within the mammalian nose. Psychophysical studies in people indicate that these two systems interact at a perceptual level. Trigeminal sensations of pungency mask odour perception, while olfactory stimuli can influence trigeminal signal processing tasks such as odour localization. While imaging studies indicate overlap in limbic and cortical somatosensory areas activated by nasal trigeminal and olfactory stimuli, there is also potential cross-talk at the level of the olfactory epithelium, the olfactory bulb and trigeminal brainstem. Here we explored the influence of olfactory and trigeminal signaling in the nasal cavity. A forced choice water consumption paradigm was used to ascertain whether trigeminal and olfactory stimuli could influence behaviour in mice. Mice avoided water sources surrounded by both volatile TRPV1 (cyclohexanone) and TRPA1 (allyl isothiocyanate) irritants and the aversion to cyclohexanone was mitigated when combined with a pure odorant (rose fragrance, phenylethyl alcohol, PEA). To determine whether olfactory-trigeminal interactions within the nose could potentially account for this behavioural effect we recorded from single trigeminal sensory axons innervating the nasal respiratory and olfactory epithelium using an isolated in vitro preparation. To circumvent non-specific effects of chemical stimuli, optical stimulation was used to excite olfactory sensory neurons in mice expressing channel-rhodopsin (ChR2) under the olfactory marker protein (OMP) promoter. Photoactivation of olfactory sensory neurons produced no modulation of axonal action potential conduction in individual trigeminal axons. Similarly, no evidence was found for collateral branching of trigeminal axon that might serve as a conduit for cross-talk between the olfactory and respiratory epithelium and olfactory dura mater. Using direct assessment of action potential activity in trigeminal axons we observed neither paracrine nor axon reflex mediated cross-talk between olfactory and trigeminal sensory systems in the rodent nasal cavity. Our current results suggest that olfactory sensory neurons exert minimal influence on trigeminal signals within the nasal cavity.
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Government Executives Network
Life Insurance For Parents Over 70
Many of our members often face a financial hit when their parents die, and they have not prepared ahead of time with a life insurance policy.
Many parents and their children think ahead of time and get life insurance coverage to cover final expenses. These include, funeral and burial costs, any outstanding debts, medical expenses, etc.
If your parents are over seventy, this is the time to seat down with them and start thinking about a life insurance policy.
The more you wait, the more it will cost. If your mom and dad are still in their 70's, the premiums may still be affordable. But, if you wait until late seventies or eighties, the costs may be prohibitive.
Two main factors set the life insurance premiums, their age and their health status.
If they are still fairly young - 60's or 70's - the premiums are affordable.
If they do not suffer of any serious medical conditions - cancer, heart issues, etc - then, they can still be insured affordably.
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Being happy doesn’t mean that everything is perfect. It means you’ve decided to look beyond the imperfections. – Unknown
What makes you happy? Not what you think makes your happy, but what you know makes your happy.
I stumble to find my answer every day.
If there’s a poster child for overthinking, it would be me.
I overthink what people say to me, and what they don’t say. Ordinary decisions, like picking out which shirt to wear, require careful deliberation. Also, imagining my life five or ten years into the future isn’t an innocent case of thoughtful planning; it’s about trying to predict each nuance and every detail needed to be happy while forgetting there’s a now to be happy in, too.
So, what about now?
Don’t I deserve to be happy today?
Don’t you deserve to be happy today?
The answer is, yes.
To both questions.
That’s where the stumbling part comes in.
Every now and then I’m able to silence my hyper-analytical mind and listen to a part of me that is less manic and seldom wrong – my inner voice. It never lies. My inner voice is able to rise above the nonsensical noise that fills my head. This voice knows what makes me happy.
It captures my attention by reminding me of this simple truth: Happiness isn’t a choice that’s waiting down the road; it’s a choice that is waiting now. And if I take one more step, I’ll stumble right over it:
- I’ll stumble over the present moment and the joy it holds.
- I’ll stumble over knowing my children are warm, safe and well.
- I’ll stumble over Mary Beth’s love.
- I’ll stumble over the pride of being the person I am today.
- I’ll stumble over my rock-solid faith.
- I’ll stumble over the power of kindness.
- I’ll stumble over the start of a new baseball season.
- I’ll stumble over a courageous decision.
- I’ll stumble over early-morning workouts.
- I’ll stumble over making a difference.
Sometimes the simple path to stumbling on happiness begins with being aware that we can get so caught up with looking for happiness that we don’t even realize we are tripping all over it.
Sure, I would like to be a multi-millionaire, full-time writer who lives on the beach, but that’s not the plan for me right now. I’m a middle-income, full-time executive, part-time writer who lives in the Midwest.
And you know what?
Even on the days when I overthink; and always on the days when I stumble.
What is A Simple Path?
This post is in A Simple Path, a series of short pieces inspired by my own life experiences. Each post is a simple path to experiencing something wonderful: maybe seeing life from a different perspective, or celebrating its beauty. Please be sure to check out my book on Amazon: 20 Simple Paths to an Amazing Life.
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Five questions: Fire prevention
Fire Prevention Week started in 1922 to commemorate the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, according to the National Fire Protection Association. This year’s observance starts Sunday. Kansas State Fire Marshal Doug Jorgensen answers a few questions about fire prevention.
Q: How can folks help safeguard against residential fires?
A: The big thing is to have working smoke alarms. We usually recommend the two different time changes (beginning and end of daylight saving time) to replace batteries. An evacuation plan with two ways out of each room in the house also is important.
Q: What have you found to be the likeliest culprits in starting house fires?
A: Inattentive smoking, kitchen fires, an electrical failure or short, and gas leaks.
Q: Is there still a chance for grass fires this year?
A: The recent rains we’ve had have been a little deceiving. That has helped in some parts of the state, but the majority still is dry. The other issues are dead vegetation and thatch.
Q: Any other fire safety tips?
A: Be careful when burning any trash. For farmers, it’s important to have fire extinguishers on their implements. A lot of fires are started by farm equipment getting hot and overheated.
Q: How often do house fires occur?
A: According to the most recent annual figures, from 2010, home fires were reported in the United States every 85 seconds, killing 2,640 people and injuring another 13,350.
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first,I would like to say it is an honor to join such anice dialogue forum.
I faced a-31 years old female single patient complaining of recurrent red cell anaemia(low Hb)that necicitates multiple repeated blood transfusions,&here is whole story:
problem get started 2years back when she got a rickettsial infection manifested in purpuric rash in both palms&soles,spleenomegaly,admitted to infectous department &managed there ,no document regarding receiving a-chloramphicol,few months later spleenectomy was done for here probably on basis of hypersplinism,soonafter, she was presented with severe dyspnea&diagnosed to have a-pericardial effussion that is treated,here suspesion raised about SLE but workup was totally free,
thymoma is ruled out,bone marrow aspirate showed hypoplastic picture with low erythroid &normal other cell lines,no atypical cells were found.
usual Hb is 4%,2.9g% but with changing ESR.
WHAT COULD BE THE CAUSE.
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ESTIMATION OF LIGHT ABSORPTION RATE IN A TANK TYPE PHOTOREACTOR WITH MULTIPLE LAMPS INSIDE
A radiation model has been developed to estimate light energy absorbed in a photoreactor with multiple lamps. In this study a diffused line source emission model is adopted and a light path length distribution is used for computing the light absorption rate. The results of computation were confirmed to be adequate by chemical actinometric experiments.<BR>The optimum lamp location in a photoreactor with <I>n</I> lamps in symmetry is determined to attain the maximum average light intensity. As a rule of thumb, the optimum ratio of the distance between the lamp center and the reactor center to the reactor radius is 1/3 for <I>n</I> = 2, 2/5 for <I>n</I> = 3, and 1/2 for <I>n</I> = 4.
- Journal of chemical engineering of Japan
Journal of chemical engineering of Japan 28(3), 300-305, 1995-06
The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan
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The Palladium Pantomimes
We are very grateful for the help of Chris Woodward - archivist of The London Palladium Theatre Collection
The London Palladium can trace its history back to 1870, when a hall known as The Corinthian Bazaar was erected on the site of the Duke of Argyll’s residence- the current Palladium stands on Argyll Street. Twelve years later the building was enlarged, and renamed Hengler’s Circus. Early pantomimes were produced there-Cinderella, Jack the Giant Killer and Red Riding Hood amongst others, but it was not until it became The London Palladium in 1910, that the building began a tradition of presenting top class Pantomimes. In 1914, for matinees only the Palladium presented Dick Whittington and his Cat for a few short weeks, starring Clarice Mayne and Harry Weldon.
The following year (1915) the Palladium presented Cinderella, following that with The House That Jack Built in 1916. After the end of the First World War the Palladium did not present another pantomime until 1922, with Aladdin. The next year Clarice Mayne and Nellie Wallace starred in Dick Whittington. In 1925 Clarice Mayne returned in Cinderella, with Charlie Austin, to be followed by Aladdin in 1926 and once again Cinderella in 1927.
RELATED MEDIA - Pathe News Reel 'Siftings from Cinderella'
Cinderella at the Palladium - 1926
Link will open in Windows Media Player
- alternatively you can download it for free or purchase one with a higher definition from www.britishpathe.com
Click on images to enlarge
After this period, the Palladium changed its policy, with George Black as Managing Director. The Palladium was to present different seasonal programmes.
It was not until the late 1940’s that the London Palladium established itself as the home of the most prestigious West End Pantomimes. Notable productions included “Humpty Dumpty” in 1951 with Norman Evans (Over the Garden Wall) and Terry Thomas, The 1953 production of “Cinderella” with Julie Andrews as “Cinders”, with Max Bygraves and Richard Hearne, and the 1954 “Mother Goose”, starring Peter Sellers, Richard Hearne (Mr Pastry) as Dame, and Max Bygraves. The script for this panto was written by Eric Sykes and Spike Milligan.
The 1956 “Aladdin” saw a break in tradition with Norman Wisdom cast in the role of Principal boy, launching an era that was to last for fifteen years. The role of “boy” was filled by stars such as Cliff Richard, Frank Ifield, Frankie Vaughan and Tommy Steele. It was not until Cilla Black played the role of “Aladdin” in 1970 that the balance was restored, and the Palladium returned to using male performers in the role from 1972 onwards, with a few exceptions- Marti Webb in 1987 for instance.
Other notable Pantomimes were the 1969 “Dick Whittington” with Tommy Steele, the 1972 “Cinderella” featuring Terry Scott and Julian Orchard as the Ugly Sisters, and the “Cinderella” featuring Dame Anna Neagle as Fairy Godmother, her last stage appearance, in 1985/6.
THE PANTOMIME LIST
|Year||Production||Starring||Click on image to enlarge|
|1948||Cinderella||Tommy Trinder, Evelyn Laye and George & Bert Bernard|
|1949||Puss in Boots||Tommy Trinder & Zoe Gail|
|1950||Babes in the Wood||Jewel & Warris, Eunice Gayson, Adele Dixon, Sonnie Hale, Herbert Hare|
|1951||Humpty Dumpty||Norman Evans, Terry Thomas, Peggy Mount, Gillian Lynne, Noele Gordon|
|1952||Dick Whittington||Frankie Howerd, Richard Hearne, Sonnie Hale, Warren Mitchell and Vanessa Lee.|
Max Bygraves, Julie Andrews, Richard Hearne, Adele Dixon, Jon Pertwee, Tony Simpson, Ted & George Durante, Joan Mann, David Dale, Cyril Wells, Elaine Garreau, Silvia Ashmole
Peter Sellers, Richard Hearne, Max Bygraves, Shirley Eaton, Margaret Burton
|1955||No Pantomime||The Revue “Painting the Town” starring Norman Wisdom & Ruby Murray|
|1956||Aladdin||Norman Wisdom, Sonnie Hale, Valentine Dyall, Ken Wilson, Stephanie Voss, David Davenport and Hope Jackman|
|1957||Robinson Crusoe||Tommy Cooper, Arthur Askey, David Whitfield|
|1958||Sleeping Beauty||Charlie Drake, Edmund Hockridge, Bruce Forsyth, Bernard Bresslaw|
|1959||Humpty Dumpty||Harry Secombe, Roy Castle, Alfred Marks|
|1960||Dick Whittington||Norman Wisdom, Yana, Billy Whittaker, Desmond Walter-Ellis, Dave Jackley & Tommy Locky, Eddie Leslie, Thelma Ruby, Ken Wilson, David Davenport and Sadie Corre.|
Old King Cole
Thanks to David Cavanagh for this information
|Charlie Drake with Janette Scott, Jackie Ray, Gary Miller, Bert Brownbill, Billy Danvers, Roger Delgado, Sandra Michaels, Pamela Cundell & the Seven Volants|
|1962||Puss in Boots||Frankie Vaughan, Joan Reagan, Jimmy Edwards, Mike & Bernie Winters, Dick Emery, Gillian Lynne|
|1963||No Pantomime||The Revue “Man in the Moon” starring Charlie Drake|
|1964||Aladdin||Cliff Richard (Aladdin);
The Shadows (Bruce Welch, Hank Marvin, Brian Bennett & John Rostil as
Wishee, Washee, Noshee, Poshee);
Arthur Askey (Widow Twankey)
Una Stubbs (Princess Balroubadour), Charlie Cairoli (Chief Inspector Bathrobe) , Alan Curtis (Abanazar), Wendy Barry (Genie of the Ring), Michael Henry (Grand Vizier), Billy Tasker (Town Crier), Paul King, Little Jimmy, Henry Lytton & Johnny Volant Five (Chinese Policemen), Joan Palethrope (So Shy), Audrey Bayley (Tai-Ping), Tom Chatto (Emperor of
|1965||Babes in the Wood||Frank
Ifield, Arthur Askey, Sid James, Kenneth Connor and Roy Kinnear.
Elaine Paige and Sharon Osbourne (Arden) were part of the Aida Foster Children.
Thanks to David Cavanagh for this information
Richard starred as Buttons in "Cinderella" with The Shadows as
Broker's Men, Terry Scott and Hugh Lloyd as Ugly Sisters, Peter Gilmore
as The Prince, Tudor Davies as Dandini, Jack Douglas as Baron Hardup,
Pippa Steele as Cinderella and speciality act The Adorable Tanya - a
Although not listed Sharon Osbourne (Arden) was part of the Aida Foster Children for this production.
|1967||Robinson Crusoe||Engelbert Humperdink, Arthur Askey, Jimmy Logan, Hope & Keen and Tricia Money|
|1968||Jack and the Beanstalk||Jimmy Tarbuck, Arthur Askey, Jean Bayless and Ivor Emmanuel|
Steele, Mary Hopkin, Billy Dainty, Kenneth Connor
Thanks to Pat Richmond for the handbill image.
It has recently come to light that David Essex was in the ensemble of this production and actually understudied Tommy Steele in the title role, performing the role on occasion.
|1970||Aladdin||Cilla Black, Leslie Crowther, Terry Scott, Alfred Marks|
|1971||Cinderella||Ronnie Corbett, Terry Scott & Julian Orchard, Clodagh Rogers, The Patton Brothers|
|1972||Babes in the Wood||Edward Woodward, Adrienne Posta, Julian Orchard, Derek Nimmo, Rod Hull and Emu|
|1973||Jack and the Beanstalk||Frankie Howerd, Dora Bryan, Mark Wynter, Alfie Bass, Calli, Michael Kilgarrif|
|1974||No Pantomime||The Musical “Hans Christian Andersen” Starring Tommy Steele, Milo O’Shea, Lila Kaye|
|1975||No Pantomime||The Musical play “Peter Pan” starring Ron Moody as Captain Hook, and Lulu as Pan|
|1976||Cinderella||Richard O’Sullivan, Richard Hearne, Yootha Joyce, Brian Murphy, Gordon & Bunny Jay, Fiona Fullerton, Robert Young|
|1977||No Pantomime||The Musical “Hans Christian Andersen” starring Tommy Steele, Anthony Valentine, Sally Ann Howes|
|1978||Aladdin||Danny La Rue, Wayne Sleep, Wei Wei Wong|
|1979||No Pantomime||The Musical “The King & I”|
Jim Davidson, Mollie Sugden, Windsor Davies, Lionel Blair, Melvyn Hayes
Musical “Barnum” starring
|1982||No Pantomime||Barnum continues until Feb 1983|
|1983||No Pantomime||The Musical “Singing in the Rain” Starring Tommy Steele, Roy Castle|
|1984||No Pantomime||Singing in the Rain continues until Oct 1985|
|1985||Cinderella||Des O’Connor, Dame Anna Neagle, Paul Nicholas, Hope & Keen, Lambert & Ross (as the ugly Sisters), Sarah Payne and John Junkin|
|1986||No Pantomime||The Musical “La Cage aux Folles”|
Babes in the Wood
Cannon & Ball, Marti Webb, Barbara Windsor, John Inman, Derek Griffiths, Cheryl Baker, Peter Howitt, Nicholas Smith, The Sanctus Troupe, Rod Hull & Emu
The 1987/88 Pantomime was the last, to date, to play the Palladium however it has just been announced that for the 2016/17 season pantomime will return with Qdos producing Cinderella.
This page was last updated 8th April 2016
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Tips for Meditating at Home
There is a lot of stress associated with the work and daily routine for everyone. This brings up the concept of meditation so that people can relax and take time to recharge their batteries. Since the schedules are jam-packed, people are now willing to meditate at home itself.
Meditating doesn’t only give peace to the body and mind, there are also health benefits associated with it. It improves posture, and well-being, enhances health, and also helps in improving sleep. Meditation also showed a reduction in stress and anxiety.
Here’s how to meditate at home using various techniques and resources around you.
It’s not easy to have an optimistic approach always but one should start practicing to look at things positively. Looking for the best things in a situation saves you from added stress and results in a calmer approach since you are keener to look at the positives out of the bad situation as well. Usually, the positive thinkers have a better approach to life and succeed more often hence this tip is the best and the first one mentioned here.
Meditation has this word integrated into it. Focus is the main aspect and one should keep mindful of what they are presently doing. Without thinking about anything else be it work or personal life, try to focus and concentrate on the moment you are spending meditating. This moment is to be free of any thought that might cause you distractions.
The best method to use for focusing would be to notice your breathing pattern. The breathing pattern keeps your mind focused on what you are currently trying to do, i.e., meditating. Try to keep all your distractions away and try to feel nature by opening the windows and you can also listen to nature sounds by RelaxFrens which will connect you to the world.
Pick your time and meditating place so that whenever you have to contemplate, you will be able to imagine yourself in that place.
Keep a place at your home that is a little isolated in terms of distractions and gives you a zen-like feeling.
Along with setting a proper place for meditating, keep in mind that following routine meditating sessions will be the best approach. Hence, set a time for when you will be meditating daily or weekly.
What’s Your Motivation?
Many people who are willing to find peace find their primary motivation for meditating. While others want to meet their health goals, meditation finds the right person. Other motivational sources might be keeping a fit body, and mind, controlling your emotions, etc.
It is not easy to get out of your bed and start your exercise. Hence it is better if you try to understand the “Why?” aspect of the work you are trying to do daily.
Once you understand it, there is no going back. You start working on your goals because achieving them is the reward you have been waiting to enjoy.
How do you eat an Elephant?
Weird question ain’t it? But think logically. You cant simply fix your goal for tomorrow as 1 hour of meditation and achieve it. You have to start thinking practically before you apply it to your routine. You eat an elephant by dividing it into pieces. That’s your answer!
Now now, you might have understood what is going to be presented here. Yes, you are required to divide your time in such a way that you start by doing little and then slowly increase the load.
Start small and work your way up. This will maintain consistency and your confidence will add up since you are easily able to pull off the daily small goals rather than worrying about how you will complete a gigantic goal.
Not only meditating at home, but you can also apply this rule everywhere in your life where you are required to set and achieve your goals.
Hoping that this article made clear your doubts regarding meditation at home and hopefully it'll help you maintain your peace at home itself.
Writer : Masrath Sultana
Follow my LinkedIn account
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Once you set up Microsoft
Word for typesetting and figure out your design—the steps covered in part
1 of this series—it’s time to set up your pages based on that design. For
most books, you’ll need three different layouts:
· the first page of a chapter
· a left (verso) page
· a right (recto) page
Dedicated typesetting programs set
these up with “master pages.” Word lacks such a feature, so to set up different
kinds of pages you should:
1. Click File –> Page Setup.
On a Macintosh, click the Margins button.
2. Click the Layout tab. Notice
that the preview shows only one page.
3. Under “Section start,” select
“Odd page” if you want every chapter to start on the traditional odd page, or
“Next page” if you’re willing to let a chapter open on a left-hand page when
the preceding chapter ends on a right.
4. Under “Headers and footers,”
put a check in the box labeled “Different odd and even” and a check in the box
labeled “Different first page.” The preview now shows two pages. Hey, this is
starting to look like a page layout!
5. Go back to the Margins tab.
6. Notice that you can set margin
size for top and bottom and left and right. In Word 2002 or later, under
“Pages,” select “Mirror margins” from the dropdown list. In Word 97, 98, 2000,
or 2001, put a check in the box labeled “Mirror margins.” Now you’ll see that
“Left” and “Right” have become “Inside” and “Outside.”
7. Set the margins. Let’s say body
text is 10/12—that’s 10-point type with 12-point leading, which means 2
points of space between lines (which you set via Formatting –> Paragraph
–> Indents and Spacing –> Line spacing: Exactly).
Let’s also say a standard page has
35 lines. That means you should calculate top and bottom margins to create a
text block of 420 points (12 х 35).
If you’re using paper that’s 8.5<span
style=’font-size:11.0pt’> 11“ (the U.S. standard), multiply
the number of vertical inches (11) by the number of points in an inch (72).
From the figure you get—792 points in this case—subtract the figure
for your text block (420 points) and then divide the result (372 points) by 2
(because you need both a top and a bottom margin). Set the top margin to 186
points and the bottom margin to 186 points to center the block on the page. (If
you prefer a larger margin on the bottom, subtract points from the top and add
them to the bottom until you get the look you want.)
If you’re mathematically inclined,
this calculation equates to [(11 х 72)– (35 х<span
style=’font-size:11.0pt’> 12)] ÷ 2. So here’s the formula, which you should be
able to apply in any situation:
[(Paper length in units х Points
per unit) – (Lines х<span
style=’font-size:11.0pt’> Leading point size)]
8. After setting margins, click
the OK button to put your decisions into effect.
When you set margins and line
spacing in this way, page bottoms and lines of type will align, giving pages a
Adding Other Specs
“But what about headings?” you
ask. “And block quotations? Won’t they throw things off?”
Yes, they will. One way to solve
the problem is to make sure headings, block quotations, and other elements have
the same leading as body text—or multiples of that leading. As Robert
Bringhurst explains in his book <span
style=’font-size:11.0pt’>The Elements of Typographic Style (p.
main text runs 11/13, intrusions to the text should equal some multiple of 13
points: 26, 39, 52, . . . and so on. . . . If you happen to be setting a text
11/13, subhead possibilities include the following:
style=’font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol’>· subheads in 11/13 small caps, with
13 pt above the head and 13 pt below;
style=’font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol’>· subheads in 11/13 bold u&lc
[upper and lower case], with 8 pt above the head and 5 pt below, since 8 + 5 =
style=’font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol’>· one-line subheads in 14/13 italic
u&lc, with 16 pt above the head and 10 pt below.
Those who don’t want to deal with
math can choose another option. If you were setting metal type, you could
insert thin strips of lead (hence the term <span
style=’font-size:11.0pt’>leading for line spacing) between lines
to align page bottoms thrown off by subheadings and block quotations.
You can do the same thing in Word
by inserting carriage returns, formatted with a point size of 1, as many times
as needed to force the type to the bottom of the page. Put them before and
after block quotations and even between paragraphs if you have to, trying to be
as unobtrusive as possible.
Creating Headers and
Your pages aren’t finished until
you’ve set up headers and footers to help readers keep track of where they are.
To set them up:
1. Click View –> Header and
Footer. You’ll find your cursor in the Header pane, with a toolbar that lets
you do various things. To see what a button does, point at it with your mouse
and let the pointer sit a few seconds until the explanatory ToolTip appears.
2. Omit a header on your first
page (labeled “First Page Header”), which will be the opening page of your
chapter and thus doesn’t need a running head. To do this, click the button to
Switch between Header and Footer.
3. You’re now in the footer
(labeled “First Page Footer”) of your chapter’s opening page. Insert a page
number by clicking the Insert Page Number button (for pages in front matter,
you can also click the Format Page Number button and set your numbering to use
4. Decide whether you want the
page number on the left, center, or right of your page and make it so using
Format –> Paragraph –> Alignment.
5. Move to the next page by
clicking the Show Next button. This will take you to the next page’s footer
(labeled “Even Page Footer”). Since you previously set up your document to have
different first, left, and right pages, you’ll need to insert another page
number here; numbering won’t just continue from the first page. Again, format
the number as left, center, or right. Since this is an even (and therefore
left, or verso) page, you may want to put the page number on the left.
6. Repeat step 5 for the footer on
the next page, which will be a right-hand (recto) page. You may want to put the
page number on the right.
7. Move to the previous page’s
header (verso; labeled “Even Page Header”) by clicking the Show Previous button
and then the button to Switch between Header and Footer. Type the text of your
header into the Header pane. In book publishing, items that are more inclusive
go on the left; items that are less inclusive go on the right. A few options:
8. Again, the easiest way to put
the running head on the left, center, or right of the page is to click Format
–> Paragraph –> Alignment. Since this is an even page, you may want to
put the running head on the left.
9. Move to the next page’s header
(recto) by clicking the Show Next button. Type the text of your header into the
Header pane. Since this is an odd page, you may want to put the running head on
10. Set the font and point size
for your running heads and page numbers by modifying their styles under Format
–> Style. You want them to match the rest of your text, right? While you’re
in there, make sure they’re not set up with an automatic first-line paragraph
11. Adjust the space between
headers, text blocks, and footers by clicking the Page Setup button and the
Margins tab. Then set the distance “From edge” (of the paper) of the header and
footer. Getting this right may take some experimentation, but when you’re
finished, your pages should look pretty good.
12. Click the Close button to get
back to your document text.
To see your handiwork, click View
–> Print Layout and set View –> Zoom to Whole Page. Wow! Note that your
folios (page numbers) and running heads are automatically repeated on
You’ll need to repeat this whole
procedure for each chapter, and if all your chapters are in one document,
you’ll need to separate them with section breaks (Insert –> Break –>
After inserting a section break,
always turn off “Link to previous” for both header and footer (View –>
Header and footer –> Link to previous [fourth icon from the left]). To move
from header to footer, click the “Switch between header and footer” button
(third icon from the left). Again, turn off “Link to previous.” That means you’ll
need to insert folios and running heads separately for each section. It’s a
pain, but it’s the only way to make sure Word does exactly what you want it to.
Next time: Setting type.
Jack M. Lyon is proprietor
of The Editorium (www.editorium.com), which provides macros to automate
publishing tasks in Microsoft Word. He’s also managing editor of a publishing
house in Salt Lake City and co-author of a business book, <span
class=8StoneSans>Managing the Obvious.
To subscribe to Editorium
Update, his free newsletter about publishing with Word, send a
blank email message to email@example.com. For more information,
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Before joining Google, the internet giant’s head of research Peter Norvig was NASA’s highest-ranking computer scientist. He was recently in Ireland to give the Boole Lecture at University College Cork.
You have been instrumental in creating the Google we know and use today as well as the development of the NASA Mars Exploration Rover. What inspires you to create?
I look at the opportunities for how you can do something better with the technologies that are available. It takes a lot of effort to keep somebody alive in space and if you want to send them to someplace like Mars it costs an extra amount because you have to bring them back.
If you send a robot, it doesn’t cost so much if the rocket blows up. So if you could just make robots capable enough we could explore a lot more for the same budget and wouldn’t risk lives. It seemed like a good thing and the technology was just getting to the point where that would be feasible.
I guess it’s the same thing at Google: if you had the choice, you would go to an expert, ask a question and get a reasoned response, but maybe technology could do almost as good a job and do it faster.
You wrote a book on artificial intelligence and are currently looking at the future of search. Do you think we’ll soon be talking to our computers?
Yep, that is happening to a degree now, but we’re not using the same language. We’re talking to a search engine in keywords rather than in whole sentences and it doesn’t quite understand us as well as a person would.
But on the other hand it is giving us answers that a person wouldn’t, so it has its strengths and weaknesses.
Where do you see technology such as the internet going? For example, the next 1 billion people to come on the internet will do so via mobile phones.
Mobile is going to be extremely important. Our interaction will be different – we won’t be typing as much, we’ll be talking more and speech recognition is going to be increasingly important and display a lot smaller.
The advantages with mobile are that if you’re in a specific location and you ask a specific query then – because of GPS – there’s going to be an answer that’s appropriate to the location.
What makes Google researchers get up in the morning?
Some of it is need, in terms of what is it I want to do and tried but I can’t. Or we look at search logs and say here’s somebody seeking an answer and we couldn’t help them. Some of it is driven by opportunity, by saying: “I was working on something, I got this solution and I think some of this would relate to a related area” and figure out if there’s a need for that.
How do you co-ordinate so many people who are inventing stuff all the time, resulting in a product?
It’s a little bit of chaos. People have ideas and what we try to do is make it easy to test the ideas out. It’s a small investment and doesn’t have to be a big strategy decision to say we’re going to try something out.
So one or two people should be able to say: “I saw something that might work and I can build it and test and make a demo, try it out.” Maybe it’s not the final product, but it would give other people an idea if it is going to work or not. Other people see it and may then get behind it. Only at that stage do we come in and say yes, we’ll make it an official product.
By John Kennedy
Photo: Google’s head of research, Peter Norvig
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Islam calls for uncompromising social equality of all humanity. Race, color, caste and ethnic origin have no value in Islamic understanding of things — piety being the only determinant. This, however, has not stopped the Muslims from adopting un-Islamic practices of social discrimination. Caste differences within the Muslim society are more apparent in the sub-continent than anywhere else. The book under review claims to ‘explore various dimensions of the caste question among Muslims in India.’
The first chapter provides the development of caste in the Indian Muslim society. It was historically divided in the ashraf or the ‘noble’ and ‘respectable’ castes and the ajlaf or the ‘inferior or lowly castes.’ Sikand argues that to the medieval scholars, ‘Muslims of Arab, Central Asian, Iranian, and Afghan extraction were superior in social status to local converts. This owed not just to racial differences, with local converts generally being dark-skinned and the ashraf lighter complexioned, but also to the fact that the ashraf belonged to the dominant political elites, while the bulk of the ajlaf remained associated with ancestral professions as artisans and peasants, and as such were looked down as inferior.’ (p.22). This claim is supported by references to a translation of a singular text of Ziauddin Barani, a courtier of Muhammad bin Tughlaq.
Barani’s Fatawa-i-Jahandari, essentially a treatise on political theory, emits a racist attitude towards the natives of India and promotes the supremacy of the ashraf. He advised the Sultan to consider his religious duty to deny the ajlaf access to knowledge, branding them as ‘mean’ and ‘despicable.’ Relying on this solitary text Sikand makes this far-fetched claim that Barani’s views were shared by many of his contemporaries. However, no proof is provided to support this allegation. If these assertions are indeed true to the extent claimed then how does one explain the almost century long rule of the ‘Slave Dynasty’ in India ? As on many other significant questions on this topic Sikand is silent on this and ignores the ‘Slave Dynasty’ to the extent that it is not even mentioned once.
The book deals with considerable length on the all-important issue of inter-case marriages and the concept of kafa’a (suitability and compatibility in marriage). For this he relies on the comprehensive tract written in Urdu on the topic by Maulana Abdul Hamid Nu’mani, a senior leader of the Jamiat Ulema-e- Hind. Nu’mani has forthrightly brought to light, in no unambiguous terms, the internal hypocrisy of the community which claims to be belonging to a universal brotherhood while at the same time shunning marital relationships with fellow Muslims. He deconstructs the widely misunderstood concept of Kafa’a and decisively proves that it has no basis in Islam. He also does not hesitate to criticize the revered ulema like Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanwi and Maulana Ahmed Raza Khan Barelwi whose views on kafa’a contradicted that of the Qur’an and
Chapter 2 provides an insight on the Dalit (‘low caste’) Muslims, their leadership, the formation of the All India Backward Muslim Morcha and the assertion of their rights. This chapter provides context to the current debate over reservations for Muslims in India. The Dalit Muslim leaders argue that instead of giving reservations to the Muslim community as a whole, they should only be given to the backward classes among them. Other Muslims object to this suggestion calling it divisive.
The book also covers briefly the Dalit attempts to free themselves from the Brahmanical caste oppression by converting to Islam, the Muslim mission to them and calls for Dalit-Muslim unity in the face of rising right-wing Hindutva nationalism. The case of the leading Dalit intellectual Rashid Salim Adil who converted to Islam and has successfully integrated into the larger Muslim society is a classic example of what could happen if Muslims demolish the artificial walls of caste that they have constructed around themselves. Adil is married into a family of Syeds. His children are also married into well off Muslim families and their ‘taint of their having once been ‘untouchable’ has disappeared.’ (p.83)
The fourth chapter is a review of the writings in the radical journal Dalit Voice. Here Sikand gives undue importance to writers with exotic names and suspect identities, whose outbursts contribute nothing at all to the development of Dalit-Muslim unity. The critiques include that of the Jamaat-e-Islami, Tablighi Jamaat and the custodians of the Sufi shrines. It is a fact that all of these organizations are lacking in creating intra-Muslim brotherhood terms of speaking out against oppression on the Dalits. Far from alleviating the prevailing situation the militant rhetoric of the writers of Dalit Voice offers nothing substantial and instead create even more disunity. One writer calls the Ulema as the ‘progeny of iblis’ and appeals to the Muslims to stop reading their literature at once. (p.98).
The last section of the book titled ‘Liberation and the Plurlaist Predicament: A New Islamic Vision,’ offers nothing instructive except for incoherent statements like: “This new understanding of Islamic (sic) departs from traditional Islamic theology on several important counts. Firstly, in contrast to traditional Islamic theology, it is inductive in its methodology and contextual in its approach, in that it emerges from reflection, in the light of the Qur’an, on the actual context in which oppressed Muslims find themselves confronted with.’ (p.114)
There is no denying that the evil of casteism continues to exist among Indian Muslims and will destroy the community if it is not addressed as a top priority issue. But there is also positive change setting in. Just a glance through the matrimonial columns in the newspapers will now show that education and job security are more important for prospective candidates than caste. Organizations like Jamiat Ulema have also launched several initiatives in addressing the issue. These include the organizing of communal meals where Muslims and Dalits (non-Muslims and Muslims) eat from one large plate. It is interesting to note that Sikand had earlier written an article on this communal meals phenomenon but for some unknown reason haven’t even mentioned it in the book. While concentrating on extremist and marginal proponents of Dalit-Muslim unity he ignores the saner voices of Dalit intellectuals and leaders like Udit Raj of the Indian Justice Party. Similarly, the work of Muslim leaders of recent past like Bahadur Yar Jung finds no mention. To Sikand’s materialist theory influenced vision painful but curable cankerous sores appear as terminal cancer requiring radical surgery. He cuts and pastes the Brahmanical caste structure on the Muslim society, which while being influenced by the former has its own dynamics. In short Islam, Caste and Dalit-Muslim Relations in India is an important and path breaking but disjointed collection of essays which provide an incomplete and partial analysis of the topic. «
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- Minor in Applied Physics
Physics is the fundamental science from which many fields of science and engineering developed. It is essentially an inter-disciplinary undertaking, interacting with computer science, mathematics, the life sciences, medicine, and other disciplines. Applied physics focuses on the hi-tech applications of physics, and on developing technological skills. It applies a thorough analytic understanding of the principles to the complexities of real applications at the frontiers of science and technology, e.g. in imaging and computer vision, electronic instrumentation, and biomedical engineering. The Applied Physics Minor will equip you with the solid cross-disciplinary background that is highly valued by industry and academia. It takes a unifying, systems approach to science and technology to provide you with a strong background in fundamental science and the transferable skills (such as analytical thinking, communication skills, computer literacy and cooperative learning) relevant to a rapidly changing working environment.
The program gives you the opportunity to explore selected area(s) in greater depth, thus providing you with the depth and flexibility to explore a wide variety of career opportunities, including graduate study, medical school, teaching, imaging science, instrumentation, investments and technical management.
Gregory Wood, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Physics
Aliso Hall, Room 102
Contact Information [top]
Requirements for the Minor in Applied Physics [top]
Lower Division Requirements (12 units)
MATH 150 Calculus I (4)
PHYS 200 General Physics I (4)
PHYS 201 General Physics II (4)
Upper Division Requirements (13 units)
- Applied Physics (9-10 units)
PHYS/MATH/COMP 345 Digital Image Processing (3)
PHYS/BIOL/HLTH 434 Introduction to Biomedical Imaging (4)
PHYS/MATH/COMP 445 Image Analysis and Pattern Recognition (3)
PHYS/BIOL/HLTH 464 Medical Instrumentation (4)
- Applied Physics Electives (3-4 units)
PHYS 490 Topics in Physics (3)
PHYS 492 Internship (3)
PHYS 494 Independent Research (1-3)
PHYS 497 Directed Studies (1-3)
PHYS 499 Senior Colloquium (1)
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Acts of Parliament relating to the Post Office:
King George IV 1820-30
In the listing below, hyperlinks, where given, are to the copy of the text on this site (if there is one yet). If the link has a after it, only the relevant part(s) of the Act are quoted. For an explanation of the referencing conventions for Acts as used below see this short guide.
(24th July 1820)Postage Act 1820
1 Geo 4 c.89
An Act for imposing additional Rates and Duties on the Conveyance of Letters between Port Patrick in Scotland and Donaghadee in Ireland.
(24th July 1820)Donaghadee Harbour Act 1820
1 Geo 4 c.113
An Act for granting a certain Sum of Money towards improving the Harbour of Donaghadee in Ireland, and rendering it a more fit Situation for His Majesty's Packets.
(28th May 1821)Conway Bridge Act 1821
1 & 2 Geo 4 c.35
An Act for applying a certain Sum of Money out of the Consolidated Fund of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, for the Purpose of building a Bridge over the River Conway, in the County of Carnarvon, and for imposing additional Rates of Postage on Letters and Packets conveyed over the said Bridge.
(5th August 1822)Postage Act 1822
3 Geo 4 c.105
An Act for granting Rates of Postage for the Conveyance of Letters and Packets between the Port of Liverpool in the County of Lancaster and the Isle of Man.
(6th August 1822)Turnpike Roads Act 1822
3 Geo 4 c.126
An Act to amend the General Laws now in being for regulating Turnpike Roads in that Part of Great Britain called England.
(4th July 1823)Turnpike Roads (Scotland) Act 1823
4 Geo 4 c.49
An Act for regulating Turnpike Roads in that Part of Great Britain called Scotland.
(18th July 1823)East India Company's Service Act 1823
4 Geo 4 c.81
An Act to consolidate and amend the Laws for punishing Mutiny and Desertion of Officers and Soldiers in the Service of the East India Company, and to authorize Soldiers and Sailors in the East Indies to send and receive Letters at a reduced Rate of Postage.
(19th July 1823)Turnpike Roads Act 1823
4 Geo 4 c.95
An Act to explain and amend an Act passed in the Third Year of the Reign of His present Majesty, to amend the General Laws now in being for regulating Turnpike Roads in that Part of Great Britain called England.
(5th March 1824)Post Office Buildings Act 1824
5 Geo 4 c.5
An Act for enabling a Conveyance to be made of Part of a House in Lombard Street, vested in the Right Honourable Henry Frederick Lord Carteret formerly His Majesty's Postmaster General.
(16th March 1824)Postage Act 1824
5 Geo 4 c.10
An Act for granting to His Majesty Rates of Postage on the Conveyance of Letters and Packets to and from Buenos Ayres, or any other Port or Ports on the Continent of South America.
(12th April 1824)Conveyance by Post of Bank Notes, etc. Act 1824
5 Geo 4 c.20
An Act to regulate The Conveyance of Packets containing re-issuable Country Bank Notes by the Post, and to charge Rates of Postage thereon; to prevent Letters and Packets being sent otherwise than by the Post; to punish Persons embezzling printed Proceedings in Parliament, or Newspapers; and to allow the President of the Commissioners of Revenue Enquiry to send and receive Letters and Packets free from the Duty of Postage
(21st June 1824)Gaols, etc. (England) Act 1824
5 Geo 4 c.85
An Act for amending an Act of the last Session of Parliament, relating to the building, repairing, and enlarging of certain Gaols and Houses of Correction; and for procuring Information as to the State of all other Gaols and Houses of Correction in England and Wales.
(10th June 1825)Postage Act 1825 (c.28)
6 Geo 4 c.28
An Act for granting Rates of Postage for the Conveyance of Letters and Packets between Great Britain and Ireland by way of Liverpool.
(22nd June 1825)Postage Act 1825 (c.44)
6 Geo 4 c.44
An Act for granting to His Majesty Rates of Postage on the Conveyance of Letters and Packets to and from Columbia and Mexico.
(22nd June 1825)Postage Act 1825 (c.68)
6 Geo 4 c.68
An Act to regulate the Conveyance of printed Votes and Proceedings in Parliament, and printed Newspapers, by Packet Boats between Great Britain and Ireland and the British Colonies, and also in the United Kingdom.
(27th June 1825)Currency Act 1825
6 Geo 4 c.79
An Act to provide for the Assimilation of the Currency and Monies of Account throughout the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
(11th April 1826)Chelsea and Kilmainham Hospitals Act 1826
7 Geo 4 c.16
An Act to consolidate and amend several Acts relating to the Royal Hospitals for Soldiers at Chelsea and Kilmainham.
(21st March 1827)Postage Act 1827 (c.6)
7 & 8 Geo 4 c.6
An Act for granting to His Majesty Rates of Postage on the Conveyance of Letters and Packets to and from Saint Domingo and Cuba.
(28th May 1827)Postage Act 1827 (c.21)
7 & 8 Geo 4 c.21
An Act to amend the Laws relating to the Duties of Postage in Great Britain and Ireland.
(2nd July 1827)Average Price of Corn Act 1827
7 & 8 Geo 4 c.58
An Act to make Provision for ascertaining from Time to Time the Average Prices of British Corn.
(15th July 1828)Church Building Society Act 1828
9 Geo 4 c.42
An Act to abolish Church Briefs, and to provide for the better Collection and Application of voluntary Contributions for the Purpose of enlarging and building Churches and Chapels.
(1st June 1829)Greenwich Hospital Outpensions, etc. Act 1829
10 Geo 4 c.26
An Act for transferring the Management of Greenwich Out-pensions, and certain Duties in Matters of Prize, to the Treasurer of the Navy.
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FAQs on the Rainbowfishes
Related Articles: Rainbowfishes, Fishes at the rainbow's
end; An introduction to the Atheriniformes, the
rainbowfish and silversides by Neale Monks
Related FAQs: Rainbowfishes 1, Rainbowfishes 2, & FAQs on: Rainbow Identification, Rainbow Behavior, Rainbow Compatibility, Rainbow Selection, Rainbow Feeding, Rainbow Disease, Rainbow Reproduction,
|"Water changes. Rainbowfish REALLY like water changes. I
typically perform 50% water changes on my fish (weekly suggested
but at least 1x every 2 weeks) and they really enjoy this. 10-20%
weekly changes really just doesn't get the job done. Hardness,
pH On the GH side anywhere between 100 ppm - 250 is fine for them.
Harder is ok too but they get tougher to breed and the eggs
sometimes don't hatch at the higher hardness values. On the KH
end I feel that it is extremely important to get at least 3-4
degrees of carbonate hardness here. If you have softer water
supplement it by adding baking soda, sodium bicarbonate. In my
water a tablespoon in ~ 55 gallons increases by about 1 degree KH.
pH bounce is something that really stresses Rainbowfish and if
present can cause them to get TB. Most of the Rainbowfish people
have pretty well discounted the other wasting diseases. TB is not
easy to test for but when it has been done - skin ulcers, mouth
ulcers, bloating (shot kidneys) and wasting have all been positive
for TB." Excerpted from a note in by Gary Lange
community tank- 8/20/11
Hope you are well. I greatly appreciate the hard work you put into
maintaining WWM as a great resource to both novice and experienced
<Thanks for the kind words.>
I have a question involving stocking, planning for future growth of
juvenile fish and the actual projected adult size of my fish. I have a
75 gallon, heavily planted freshwater community aquarium with EI dosing
and DIY CO2. My temperature is 76, PH at 7-7.2, KH is 10 and GH of
In February of this year (2011), I purchased some Boesemanni Rainbow
fish from a breeder via the internet-I purchased 10 and received
The plan was for them to join my; yellow Gourami, 5 Brochis Splendens
(best fish ever!),
<Agree; charming, underrated fish, perhaps even better than
Corydoras for medium-sized community tanks.>
5 Giant Danios, 7 Otos, 100 or so red cherry shrimp and 2 Amano shrimp
which they did. It was winter when I purchased them, so I ordered 10
assuming I would get 8 or 9 after shipping casualties (had never
purchased fish in that manner before, and read that casualties should
be planned for).
<Actually, less of an issue than many expect. Most of the fish we
buy are air-freighted, and provided the seller knows what they're
doing, and you don't choose species that ship poorly, you should do
well with this approach.>
The seller shipped an extra 3 and they all survived, putting me +5
When I got them, they were but a few months old, still unsexed and
bland in color.
<Absolutely standard with Rainbows.>
It looks like they are 3 females and 10 males (not the ratio I was
hoping for) and there is a bit of a size difference between the largest
and the smallest.
The rainbows are starting to get a bit larger, the largest being 2.5
inches or so but most in the 2 inch range.
Currently I am not having any issues-all my fish are getting along and
my water quality is top notch. What is the actual adult size I can
expect for the Rainbows-the information on the web isn't very
<Oh, realistically a good 10 cm/4 inches, but occasional specimens
do get bigger. Wild-caught specimens tend to be bigger and more
colourful than farmed ones. I have seen some nearer 12 cm/5
Likewise, my giant Danios and Gourami have not really lived up to
maximum sizes listed on most sites-they are all about 3-3.5 inches and
I have had them for nearly 2 years. I have seen estimates on max size
for all 3 (Danio, rainbow and Gourami) species maxing out at 6
<Six-inch Giant Danios are really very uncommon. Farms tend to breed
from specimens that reach sexual maturity quickly, and these are often
smaller than average specimens. So over the generations, farmed fish
tend to be smaller than wild specimens. In the wild, only the biggest
specimens have the strongest genes, and so they're the ones that
breed the most. So you get the opposite thing there, selection in
favour of big, strong specimens rather than small but precocious ones.
There are some exceptions here, notably among the Mbuna cichlids that
live longer and eat better in captivity than in the wild, so
they're often bigger than in the wild. But almost everything else
is smaller in captivity once it's been farmed for a few
What are your thoughts on the eventual growth I can expect from my
fish, specifically the rainbows, and do you have any recommendations on
how I should adjust my stocking for future success?
<Oh, I think you have good ideas already. The Rainbowfish/Gourami
combination works well, and I've seen things like Lace Gouramis and
Moonlight Gouramis work particularly well. Is there any particular type
of fish you'd like to keep?>
My original plan was to add a school of 4f and 4m rainbows to my
existing livestock, but I am now 5 fish richer then I planned for. I
doubt upgrading to a 90 gallon tank would provide much benefit, and I
don't think I am in a position to start from scratch and spend all
of the money that would come with upgrading all of my lighting, stand
etc to get a 6ft long tank. Thanks much for your help!
P.S. here is a link to full details on my tank with pics:
Re: Boesemanni rainbow community tank- 8/20/11
Thanks Neale. I have no intention of adding any additional fish-just
don't want to end up too crowded with the fish in there right now.
I figured that I would be pushing the bio-load limit a bit, but I am
glad to know I
will be within reason at adult sizes. I appreciate your analysis and
<I see. I don't think you're overstocked yet. Good luck!
Boesemani Rainbowfish in sg
1.003 tank? 11/15/10
This is my second question in a week. I don't want to abuse this
wonderful resource, but I do have another question.
I have a Rainbowfish that looks to be a Lake Kutubu Rainbowfish (my
knowledge of Rainbowfish is pretty limited, though I have read your
articles on the WWM site). Its other Rainbowfish "friends"
died over the
past year; I'm pretty sure the deaths were from Columnaris.
He is in a tank that has softer water and a lower ph than I now know
Could he thrive in a 90 gallon, low-end brackish tank, sg 1.003, ph 7.8
with an Archer (Toxotes jaculatrix) and a spiny eel (tyre track)?
If so, I would want to buy more of his species and create a proper
school for him.
Thanks for your thoughts on this.
<Hello Laura. As a very general rule, Melanotaenia species from
hard, alkaline water environments will do well at low specific
gravities, even if they don't naturally come from brackish water
habitats -- off the top of my head, the only Melanotaenia species that
I can recall coming from brackish water in the wild is M.
nigrofasciata. In any case, Melanotaenia lacustris and Melanotaenia
boesemani need hard, basic water anyway, and the addition of very small
amounts of salt should do them no harm at all. I'd be keeping
the tank at 10% seawater salinity, i.e., 3.5 grammes/litre, or about SG
1.002. My guess would be that your Rainbowfish will thrive kept in such
conditions. Archerfish aren't fussy about salinity at all, and
Spiny Eels need fairly low salinity conditions, so reducing the
salinity shouldn't cause problems. Cheers, Neale.>
Re: Boesemani Rainbowfish in sg 1.003 tank?
Thanks, Neale--that's great news.
By the way, I saw your book on brackish fish at my favorite fish store
in Manhattan over the weekend.
<Ah, and if you look in the Australian Fish chapter, you'll see
quite a bit about Rainbowfish in brackish water systems!>
It took me by surprise and I nearly squealed in delight when I saw your
name. I told the manager that I had had a back-and-forth with you
through the WWM website. I don't know if he quite grasped the
importance of the moment (!), but I was impressed. Anyway, I know that
book is going to be on my Christmas list!
<God bless Santa Claus!>
Re: Boesemani Rainbowfish in sg 1.003 tank?
I had to give you an update on my Blue Rainbowfish.
Since I put him in the 90 gallon low-brackish tank he's a different
His color is so intense and beautiful and he has a bright neon band of
yellow (I have never seen this before) on his dorsal line (don't
know the technical term but that's as good as I can do).
I got him some Rainbowfish friends (6) and he immediately (and I mean
didn't skip a beat) started courting all the females. In fact, I
think all but one is a female because he's very aggressive with
only one of the fish.
The tank is big and I have it heavily planted but the fish that he is
attacking doesn't try to hide. If the fish was suffering would it
The most amazing thing just happened--I went to take a photo of my
beautiful fish to attach to this email. I had turned out the lights
about a half an hour ago. When I turned on the light I couldn't
find him, then I
saw him: pitch black!!!! Absolutely black as night! I didn't know
they changed color like that. Wow--that is so cool!
<Glad your fish have responded so well to the slightly brackish
While not essential by any means, many aquarists have found that under
home aquarium conditions the addition of small amounts of marine salt
mix is beneficial to Rainbowfish. Anyway, yes, males are aggressive
towards one another, though rarely to the point of causing harm unless
the tank is too small. Having lots of females causes male Rainbowfish
to exhibit extremely bright colours, and when people buy just males
they lose out on some of the best colours you'll see on male
rainbows. And yes, rainbows change colour at night. Many other fish do,
too, so it's worth keeping an eye out for.
Pencilfish are famous for this, as are neon tetras. Cheers,
Australian rainbow fish, hlth.,
I am writing concerning one of my rainbows. I have 55 gal. freshwater
aquarium with 15 fish 6 of which are rainbows.
<All one species, I hope. Australian Rainbowfish are not only
schooling fish, but also prone to bullying one another if insufficient
numbers. Keep at least six of each species, and don't mix species
of radically different sizes. Make sure there are equal numbers of
females and males (or better yet, more females than males).>
My perimeters are Ph-7.0-7.2, Ammon.-0, No2-0 and No3-10, with weekly
<Fine. But what about water hardness? Rainbowfish on the whole come
from either soft water habitats or hard water habitats depending on the
A good all-around option would be medium hard water (~10 degrees dH)
and neutral to slightly basic pH (7 to 7.5).>
Two days ago I noticed one the rainbows swimming almost vertical with
head down and tail up. He is also using his whole body in a wiggly
motion as he swims. There are no spots or marks on him and he is eating
fine. At times
he looks like he doesn't know where he is swimming to because he
almost bumps into other fish.
<Doesn't sound good. Review water chemistry and water quality.
Check for potential sources of poisons: insect sprays, paint fumes,
children doing stupid stuff like putting soda pop into the aquarium
(happens). Make sure
the food you are offering is adequate. Flake, pellet and freeze-dried
foods are fine up to a point, but they tend to cause constipation if
used on their own, and in some cases this can lead to swimming problems
(I guess the extra weight inside them messes up their buoyancy). A mix
of quality flake with wet-frozen bloodworms and mosquito larvae, plus
live brine shrimp and daphnia would be a good balanced diet. Live brine
shrimp and daphnia are laxatives, so highly recommended for all small
fish now and again.>
Is this cause for concern-something internal---parasite-etc.
<Most likely caused by the environment (i.e., the aquarium) rather
than a mystery parasite; while there are Whirling Disease parasites,
they have complex life cycles that can't be completed in aquaria,
so usually affect only pond fish. Live tubifex can introduce them
though, but I don't think anyone uses live tubifex anymore.>
Need for quarantine?
<Would likely kill a schooling fish like a Rainbowfish. Much better
to identify the possible source of problems, and fix the aquarium. Even
though you have zero ammonia and nitrite, be open minded about this
aspect, and think about whether there could be other problems like
unstable pH or inadequate oxygen distribution throughout the tank that
could be to blame.>
I would appreciate any info you can give me.
Thank you for your time,
Rainbow fish.. Sys. -- 6/17/09
I was just reading this article
Neale about rainbow fishes, because I've been investigating setting
up a brackish system with some Melanotaenia boesemanni. I know some
rainbows do well in brackish and some do not, and was wondering about
<They'll do fine in slightly saline conditions, up to around
1.003 at 25 degrees C. They aren't brackish water specialists
though; of the traded species, only Melanotaenia nigrans is a true
brackish water specialist, and
it certainly does well to around 1.005 at 25 degrees C.>
Also, I was going to set the system up in a 29G tall tank, but read
they might need more swimming room than that, and wanted to get an
opinion from the experts.
<Certainly these medium- to large-sized rainbows will need a tank
upwards of 1 metre/36 inches in length.>
Thanks for everything.
Neale re: threadfins (Rainbows)
4/24/08 Hello again Neale, <Hello Aileen,> I have been fish
keeping almost a year now and it amazes me how much I learn every time
I look through pages of this site. Sometimes too much and the
information gets all jumbled in my head (could be age too) and other
times I learn enough to lead me to ask more questions.. it really is a
wonder resource. <Thank you!> You mentioned some time ago that if
I wanted threadfins I should consider another tank. I thought you were
nuts at the time but...I am going to look at a used 40g tomorrow.
Actually somebody had a 100g I can have but I think two monster tanks
might be a bit much. My thinking is leading me to include in this tank:
threadfin rainbows, wrestling halfbeaks, Corydoras and then I was
wondering about bumblebee gobies or something with some colour. I was
reading on WWM that most bumblebee gobies are considered brackish
except one species, which may or may not, tolerate fresh water better?
<BBGs are complicated: you cannot possibly identify species; even
scientists have trouble doing this under a microscope, let alone with
live fish! Most BBG species seem to be found in a variety of habitats,
from blackwater streams to brackish water. But in aquaria they are
temperamental, and slightly brackish water does seem optimal. This is a
lot like Mollies for example, which may be freshwater fish in the wild,
but unquestionably are easier to keep in brackish. Because BBGs are
very difficult to keep well fed, I'd not keep them in a community
tank.> My water is liquid rock. What are your thoughts on this
community and any numbers you may think appropriate? Are there any
other species you might include instead? <Almost anything that
doesn't explicitly need soft water should thrive. pH stability is
more important than pH value in most cases, and people routinely keep
all sorts of things in hard water conditions. With Threadfin Rainbows,
I'd be looking at Corydoras (and their relatives, like Aspidoras
and Dianema) in terms of bottom dwellers. Kuhli loaches and small
Loricariidae such as Whiptail Catfish would also be appropriate. You
might also opt for some surface fish like Halfbeaks. Tetras and Barbs
are best avoided because of potential problems with fin nipping, but
Rasboras and other small Rainbowfish are certainly an option.
Livebearers are certainly a possibility, though some Goodeidae are fin
nippers so choose with care.> And since I have your attention, I was
reading on here some time ago about separating swordfish fry before the
appearance of the sword to prevent inbreeding. So I immediately set up
another 10 gal to do so. But I realized when I was trying to sex them
that they appear to be all female! Is this a probability? <No. While
the idea that Swordtails change sex is widely held, there are actually
no scientific studies that backs it up. It is much more probable that
aquarists mistake undeveloped males for females. Male livebearers
don't develop their sexual characteristics until a certain age
(usually around 2-3 months depending on the species). Obviously until
the gonopodium is formed they cannot fertilise the females, so you
don't need to separate them until that time.> Or am I missing
something like the triangular fin I am supposed to be seeing on only
the females? Is the differentiation not as great in fry as adults? I
ended up separating by size as it seemed the best alternative at the
time. Since I was having so much trouble purchasing healthy vibrant red
swords I decided to keep the try of a lone surviving, vibrant female.
The batch was small but healthy, I have not lost any and they are about
5 months old. But still, not a sword in the bunch...I was hoping for
some nice deep red males for another long term plan. <If you have
just 5 fry, it is statistically possible, though unlikely, they are all
one sex. But if the fry are less than a couple months old, you
can't sex them anyway.> Thanks in advance for your help Aileen
<Good luck, Neale.>
Rainbow-Killies-Planted Tank set Up
9/12/06 Hi, I'm in the process of planning a FW planted 54g
corner tank (38"x27"x22") and was wondering if I could
get a second opinion on a stocking list. Equipment will be an Eheim
2028 can. filter (275gph output), 300w in line heater, 55w pc light
w/6700k bulb, 15g QT tank and a separate 15g hospital tank. I'm
planning on weekly water changes of approx. 10 gallons, (more if
nitrates rise beyond 20ppm.) Also, the water from my tap tests: 7.2 pH,
3 degrees KH and 6 degrees GH. My current stocking plan is: 1m & 3f
threadfin rainbows, I. werneri 1m & 3f Pacific blue-eyes, P.
signifier 1m & 3f forktail blue-eyes, P. furcatus 1m & 1f
red-lined killifish, A. striatum 1m & 1f rainbow notho, n. rachovi
1m & 3f spotted blue-eyes, p. gertrudae 1m & 1f clown
killifish, a. annulatus 1m & 1f blue notho, n. patrizi My main
questions would be... Too many fish? < Between the filter and the
plants you should be able to handle the nitrate load.> Any obvious
aggression/territoriality problems sure to surface over the weeks??
< Many of the rainbows are in the same genus. I would expect males
not to get along. The rainbows may be too active for the Killies and
out compete them for food.> I'd rather have less fish than more
problems. Also, should all of these guys be okay with my tap water?
< Most of your fish would prefer a pH to be lower than 7, but you
are very close already.> And any suggestion on a temperature that
everyone would be happy with? Thanks in advance for your input and
dedication to helping the hobby, (and hobbyist.) < Go with 77 F and
thanks for your kind words.-Chuck> Enough already? Adding
Melanotaeniids to a largely FW Amazon mix 1/31/07 Hi,
<Hello> Thanks for running such a fantastic site. It
has been a real help with a whole bunch of questions that I have
had. However, I now have one that I am not sure how to work
out the answer to. <We're in the same boat...> I'd really
like to add a few Dwarf Neon Rainbows to my tank (Juwel Rekord 96l /
25g US). Ideally 2 males and 4 females as I read that you
need a 1:2 male female ratio. <Better than "even pairs"
yes> The staff at more than one LFS have said that it would be fine,
but I suspect that I am pretty much up against the carrying capacity of
my set up. As it has been healthy (more or less) for the year or so
since it was set up, I don't want to risk messing things
up. The current inhabitants are: 9 x Neon Tetra 5 X Oto 6 x
Amano Shrimp 3 x Corydoras What do you think? <Mmm, there's room
enough, but the Rainbows do "like" different water quality
than the fishes you presently have... likely some "middling
ground" could/can be found to suit all here though> Enough
already, or should I go for the Rainbows? I guess the
alternative would be to wait until some of my fish die off through
(hopefully) old age. Thanks in advance. Phil <Do take a read on...
WWM, Fishbase.org re the water conditions of all these fish species.
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This thesis is based on a study of senior social work supervisors in provincial offices of the Department of Social Welfare in the Central Districts region of New Zealand.
Senior social workers are middle management supervisors who are expected by the organisation to administer, manage and support a team of social workers in the delivery of the services required of the department under statute.
The Social Welfare Department's definition of the senior social worker's role is outlined and considered. The literature and theory surrounding the role of middle-management in organisations, including social service organisations, is reviewed. The approach to supervision by the social work profession and its theoretical assumptions are debated.
To examine and understand the position of senior social workers in the department, a middle range theoretical perspective is adopted, using the dramaturgical views of Erving Goffman.
A detailed analysis of personal interviews with senior social work supervisors in seven provincial offices is made in the light of the middle range theory.
The findings reveal that while senior social workers experience satisfaction in the performance of their task, they have difficulty balancing the requirements of the agency as against those of the social workers they supervise.
Suggestions for improvements in the preparation, training and support for senior social workers are set out in the final section.
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The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops' Committee on Domestic Justice and Human Development has issued a strong statement on the current economic crisis, urging the Bush administration and Congress to focus on finance as a moral issue.
Bishop William Murphy of Rockville Centre, New York, chair of the committee was addressing the credit crunch and banking collapse on 26 September.
He stressed responsibility, accountability, awareness of advantages and limitations of the market, solidarity, subsidiarity and the common good, in the search for just and effective responses to the economic turmoil, while considering its human impact and ethical dimensions.
Catholic life and prcatice calls for a "society of work, enterprise and participation' which 'is not directed against the market, but demands that the market be appropriately controlled by the forces of society and by the state to assure that the basic needs of the whole society are satisfied", the statement says.
The full text of the letter is as follows:
Dear Secretary Paulson, Majority Leader Reid, Minority Leader McConnell, Speaker Pelosi and Minority Leader Boehner:
The economic crisis facing our nation is both terribly disturbing and enormously complicated. I write to offer the prayers of the U.S. Catholic Bishops and express the concerns of our Conference as you face difficult choices on how to limit the damage and move forward with prudence and justice. As pastors and teachers, my brother bishops and I do not bring technical expertise to these complicated matters. However, we believe our faith and moral principles can help guide the search for just and effective responses to the economic turmoil threatening our people.
* Human and Moral Dimensions: This crisis involves far more than just economic or technical matters, but has enormous human impact and clear ethical dimensions which should be at the center of debate and decisions on how to move forward. Families are losing their homes. Retirement savings are at risk. People are losing jobs and benefits. Economic arrangements, structures and remedies should have as a fundamental purpose safeguarding human life and dignity. The scandalous search for excessive economic rewards even to the point of dangerous speculation that exacerbates the pain and losses of the more vulnerable are egregious examples of an economic ethic that places economic gain above all other values. This ignores the impact of economic decisions on the lives of real people as well as the ethical dimension of the choices we make and the moral responsibility we have for their effect on people.
* Responsibility and Accountability: Clearly, effective measures are required which address and alter the behaviors, practices and misjudgments that led to this crisis. Sadly, greed, speculation, exploitation of vulnerable people and dishonest practices helped to bring about this serious situation. Many blameless and vulnerable people have been and will be harmed. Those who directly contributed to this crisis or profited from it should not be rewarded or escape accountability for the harm they have done. Any response of government ought to seek greater responsibility, accountability and transparency in both economic and public life.
* Advantages and Limitations of the Market: Pope John Paul II pointed out that 'the free market is the most efficient instrument for utilizing resources and effectively responding to needs'. But there are many human needs which find no place on the market. It is a strict duty of justice and truth not to allow fundamental human needs to remain unsatisfied.'? Both public and private institutions have failed in responding to fundamental human needs. A new sense of responsibility on the part of all should include a renewal of instruments of monitoring and correction within economic institutions and the financial industry as well as effective public regulation and protection to the extent this may be clearly necessary.
* Solidarity and the Common Good: The principle of solidarity reminds us that we are in this together and warns us that concern for narrow interests alone can make things worse. The principle of solidarity commits us to the pursuit of the common good, not the search for partisan gain or economic advantage. Protection of the vulnerable '" workers, business owners, homeowners, renters, and stockholders '" must be included in the commitment to protect economic institutions. As Church leaders we ask that you give proper priority to the poor and the most vulnerable.
* Subsidiarity: Subsidiarity places a responsibility on the private actors and institutions to accept their own obligations. If they do not do so, then the larger entities, including the government, will have to step in to do what private institutions will have failed to do.
This is a challenging time for our nation. Everyone who carries responsibility should exercise it according to their respective roles and with a great sensitivity to reforming practices and setting forth new guidelines that will serve all people, all institutions of the economy and the common good of the people as a nation. This includes not just the leaders of the economic life of our country. It means the political leaders and all those whose own expertise can contribute to a resolution of the current situation.
Our Catholic tradition calls for a 'society of work, enterprise and participation' which 'is not directed against the market, but demands that the market be appropriately controlled by the forces of society and by the state to assure that the basic needs of the whole society are satisfied' (Centesimus Annus). These words of John Paul II should be adopted as a standard for all those who carry this responsibility for our nation, the world and the common good of all.
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In 1982, Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five released what’s largely considered the first ‘conscious’ mainstream rap single, “The Message,” a harrowing seven-minute journey into the hellish existence of project housing and the means one must utilize to escape it. Freedom from this infernal reality has multiple paths, it seems: moving away from your home in the hopes of finding something better; being locked up for petty crimes committed to simply feed your family; or being killed in a continuous cycle of drug-related violence, by either a rival gang member or by an officer sworn to protect you. The echoes of the phrase “You lived so fast and died so young” close out the song, a stark reminder that being a black man in America comes with having a limited life expectancy, little to no personal freedom, and the constant reminder that you’ll never amount to anything. Flash-forward 12 years. Nasir Jones — a “ghetto baby” born and raised in Queensbridge, America’s largest housing project — has just released his highly anticipated debut album, Illmatic. Nas was nine years-old at the time “The Message” was released, but his own harrowing recollection of youth, on “Memory Lane (Sittin’ in da Park),” feels like a spiritual successor. Nas recalls that he “Grew up in trife life, the times of white lines / The high pipes, murderous night times / And knife fights invite crimes” with such deft dexterity that you never once question his authenticity; this is the childhood, like thousands of black Americans, that he was born into, and the one that was expected to result in his death. But with Illmatic, Nas re-wrote the narrative that was bestowed upon him — and on opening skit “The Genesis,” an ingenious sample of the film Wild Style presents this new worldview, as brothers Hector and Zoro quarrel over what’s “out here” in the ghettos that they’ve been raised in. Hector contends with a traditionalist attitude, that there’s nothing but despair; younger brother Zoro, though, disagrees, and offers his counter-argument by turning on his boombox: the limitless possibilities of hip-hop. After all, it’s with hip-hop that Nas was able to elevate himself into the poet, and man, that he became. But before Nas was the prophet of Nastradamus, the old man raging against a new generation of Hip-Hop Is Dead, or even the political firebrand that changed the title of his ninth studio album because it was too incendiary for release, he was a some fresh-faced kid out of New York, ready to live up to his growing reputation as the second coming of Rakim.
But what makes Nas’s work so vital are the ways in which he acknowledges these hardships, yet never wavers in his resolve.
To back up an already radical perspective on the state of his own existence, Nas broke the accepted practice in hip-hop at the time of working with only one producer for an entire project; on Illmatic, the aspiring star teamed-up with the most foundational architects of East Coast rap, and demanded nothing but perfection from this most ambitious crossover team in hip-hop history. (Which is rather humorous to think about now, considering Nas’s latter day reputation for being a horrible beat picker.) DJ Premier’s haunting boom-bap stylings give “N.Y. State of Mind” a cutting edginess, which Nasty Nas runs with to spit one of his most lyrically ambitious verses, coming “Straight out the fucking dungeons of rap.” A Tribe Called Quest’s Q-Tip supplies the childlike mbira of “One Love,” which rounds out the rougher tones of Nas’s voice as he lovingly writes to imprisoned companions, informing them of the outside world from which they’ve been cutoff. Pete Rock’s sampling of pianist Ahmad Jamal’s “I Love Music” on “The World Is Yours” celebrates humble beginnings, as Nas reflects on his eventual legacy (“My strength, my son, the star will be my resurrection”), and caps things with a call of unification for all five boroughs to share in this newfound wealth. And Large Professor, who has three different credits on the album — most notable being his reworking of “Human Nature” on “It Ain’t Hard To Tell” — spurs Nas on at the end of his magnum opus, as the rapper concludes that his “Raps should be locked in a cell.” Again, this is Nas changing his birthright narrative — successfully reversing the stigma of prison for black men, seeing imprisonment under a racist judicial system as a response to aspirations of greatness. So what has changed in society since the release of “The Message,” or since Illmatic? To be brutally honest, nearly nothing. It’s now been over 25 years, and to be a person of color in America is still to live in threat of your wellbeing, to know that your life can end at any second from the chaos of a harsh social environment. But what makes Nas’s work so vital are the ways in which he acknowledges these hardships, yet never wavers in his resolve. He reclaimed his life and molded it in the image that he desired, knowing full well that no matter what he eventually attempted, he would end up six feet under anyway — or, as AZ, the only credited guest on Illmatic, puts succinctly: “Life’s a bitch and then you die.”
Part of Kicking the Canon – The Album Canon.
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Seattle Bike to Work Month – Safety and Health Tips
May is Bike to Work Month in Seattle, and to help keep riders as safe as possible during the month we have assembled a few handy tips to keep in mind.
- Wear bright clothing. Sometimes a light or reflectors aren’t enough. Make sure to wear a bright coat/shirt, the more visible you are the better for everyone.
- Always wear a helmet even when you are only going a short distance. You never know what might happen, and you can’t control what mistakes someone else could make. Plus, it is the law.
- Remember your water bottle. You can easily lose track of time on a long flat ride. Make sure to have plenty of hydration before, during, and after. Having a small snack with you is also a great idea.
- Keep your eyes peeled. You may ride the same way to work every morning, most of it may be on a bike path. Don’t get lazy, keep your eyes and ears peeled. Safety first people!
- Stretch! Sometimes you just look at biking as pure transportation. However it’s first and foremost exercise. Make sure to get some leg swings, hip flexor stretches, low back rotations, chest stretches etc. done before and after a ride. The repetitive motion of biking can cause tightness in your hip flexors, hamstrings, quads etc. Most of us sit too much at our desks already shortening our muscles. Add biking up hills, long distance, etc. into the mix and you have a recipe for injuries.
- You are not a car. Stop at lights, stay in the bike lane, use hand signals. Be safe for you and others around you.
- Make sure your bike fits you! Take your bike into any local bike shop or stop by the fitness desk and ask Jake Pedersen or our Multisport Coach, Teresa Nelson for tips on fitting bikes.
- Always do a walk through of your bike before taking off on a long ride, check the tire pressure, brakes and seat to make sure everything is where it should be.
Handy Links to Official Bike to Work Information – Seattle 2011
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Oxford is a wonderful place to study and it has unrivalled facilities. We have been running this part-time masters course successfully for thirteen years. The overwhelming response gained from our students is one of satisfaction, enjoyment and fulfilment. We have brought together a good balance of men and women, older and younger students, historic environment professionals and those with a personal or community interest in the subject. We have had some great field experiences and outstanding seminars. Although the coursework requires a solid commitment from you over two years, the course atmosphere is informal and friendly, and we aim to support every student with ideas, guidance and encouragement.
Visit the website https://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/about/msc-in-applied-landscape-archaeology
What the course offers
The MSc in Applied Landscape Archaeology is a part-time modular course over two years, leading to an Oxford University Postgraduate Degree in Archaeology. Students become fully matriculated members of Oxford University during their period of registration, and therefore also become a member of a college. The course is designed for the needs of students who wish to study part-time and this includes those who are in full-time employment. Those with a personal or professional interest in landscape archaeology are welcome to apply.
Landscape Archaeology is an increasingly popular and widely-understood concept. Using a multi-period systematic approach, it is concerned with understanding past human impacts on the resources, topography and environment of the whole landscape, from uplands to coasts, and from farmed landscapes to urban/industrial areas.
Many methods of research are being developed in landscape archaeology, including geophysical survey, digital mapping and remote-sensing techniques such as LiDAR. These take their place alongside fieldwalking, historic landscape analysis, aerial photography and selective excavation to provide an effective armoury of techniques for the researcher. Skills such as survey and resource assessment are becoming essential for anyone involved in the management of the historic environment. Effecive communication and presentation of the value and potential of the historic landscape is vital in the world of planning, tourism, outreach and education.
The course involves a combination of academic study and field practice - survey and geophysics form a central theme, and we enjoy the support of Bartington Instruments Ltd for this.
This course is designed to appeal to those who already have experience of studying archaeology (or a closely-related subject) at undergraduate degree or diploma level and who wish to expand their academic, practical and professional skills in landscape archaeology. With a strong (but not exclusive) emphasis on the archaeology of Britain, it focuses on the applications of research methods in varying landscape situations. The course format is flexible and enables students to pursue their own research interests leading to a 15,000 word dissertation.
All students studying for a degree (including the DPhil) must be a member of a college. A number of Oxford colleges accept applications from part-time postgraduates whereas others do not: please consult the graduate prospectus or enquire with individual colleges. The majority of part-time DPhil students in Archaeology have chosen to apply to Kellogg College and most of the tutors and lecturers are members of the College. Kellogg is dedicated to graduate part-time students and has developed a unique expertise in attending to the intellectual, social, IT and welfare needs of part-time, mature graduate students. If a college choice is not specified on your application, it will be automatically sent to Kellogg if places are still available there.
The course is divided into two one-year modules, Year A and Year B, which are run in alternate academic years (from October to September):
Year B begins in October 2015
Year A begins in October 2016
All students attend both modules, but they may be done in any order depending on year of admission. Because the course is modular there is no advantage to one combination over the other. Students normally study two consecutive modules and this is regarded as the best way to experience the course. However, in exceptional cases, regulations permit a student to intermit between modules (by permission of the Board of Studies only).
Both one-year modules have one core paper and two advanced papers spread over three terms.
- Core Paper: Method and Theory in Landscape Archaeology
- Advanced Paper (Artefacts and Ecofacts in the Landscape)
- Advanced Paper (Archaeological Prospection)
- Core Paper: Managing Historic Landscapes in the 21st Century
- Advanced Paper (Digital Landscapes)
- Advanced Paper (Reading the Historic Landscape)
- Field Training Week
Instead of one advanced paper, students may choose to opt for a ‘flexi-placement’ comprising at least 14 days spread over approximately one year to be spent working at an organisation which is involved in an aspect of landscape archaeology. The Course Director will supply details of these.
The dissertation (15,000 words) is the student’s own project which develops throughout the course and is submitted at the end of the second module. It can be based on a piece of fieldwork, or a methodological or artefactual study. Each student will be assigned a tutor who will supervise their dissertation. A dissertation workshop is held each year to help students work together on this essential course element.
In addition, once every two years (in late June - early July of Year B) a compulsory field survey training week will take place. Each student will also have a series of tutorials with the course director and tutors; these may take place in person or on-line.
Find out how to apply here - http://www.ox.ac.uk/admissions/graduate/courses/msc-applied-landscape-archaeology/
Please see course website.
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Many people find no use for a second checking account because it will only mean another bank account to manage. However, there are several reasons that may be cause for reconsideration.
A checking account generally serves as the command center for a person’s finances. Money goes in and out from wages to expenses, savings, and retirement.
The need for a second checking account is normally regarded as excessive and unnecessary. But for some, a second checking account can prove to be beneficial for their financial habits.
1. You want a backup checking account.
It is difficult to predict when something may render your primary checking account inaccessible. Maybe the bank had a technical error or you’ve become a victim of identity theft, which left your account frozen until the matters are resolved.
In that scenario, you’d feel financially handicapped. A second checking account would assure that you can remain current on all bills and expenses and that you can access cash immediately.
2. You want to earn interest on deposits.
The traditional bank account to save money and earn interest is a savings accounts, ideally one with a high interest yield. Federal rules limit the number of transactions in savings account to six per month.
Interest checking accounts from online banks such as ING Direct, Everbank, and FNBO Direct can deliver APYs that even beat high-yield savings accounts, while the funds are easily accessible. An interest checking account as a second checking account would make for a great emergency fund and back up checking account.
3. You want better perks.
If an advertised checking account has desirable features missing from your primary checking account, it may be worth opening that account (assuming you can handle the costs and fees, if any).
For example, your primary checking account is with Chase but the bank charges $2 for a withdrawal at a non-Chase ATM. If you tend to visit non-Chase ATMs, you can open an Ally Interest Checking account that refunds transaction fees at any ATM.
Or, if you use debit cards more than credit cards, you may opt to sign up for a Perkstreet Checking account with 2% cash back debit card rewards, which is becoming increasing scarce.
4. You want to withdraw more cash.
Depending on your checking account, you are limited to a maximum daily withdrawal limit that typically ranges from $500 to $1,000. For the average American, there is rarely an occasion when that isn’t enough cash. If you want to be able to withdraw more cash, a second checking account would extend cash withdrawal capacities.
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A food program in Regina is looking for more affordable options due to higher prices for fruits and vegetables.
Regina Education and Action on Child Hunger sells fresh produce to people at discounted prices. The group buys food in large quantities and such bulk-buying allows REACH to pass along savings as discounts to its customers.
Recent hikes in produce prices have diminished the power of bulk-buying.
REACH used to buy a case of cauliflower for $49. In December, it rose to $85. (Abby Schneider/CBC)
“Six months ago, we could provide 50 pounds of food for $30. We can no longer do that,” Dana Folkersen, executive director of REACH, explained. She said they currently buy about 25 to 30 pounds of food for that $30 amount.
Bill Brown, a professor in the College of Agriculture at the University of Saskatchewan, noted two factors affecting produce prices: drought in the U.S. and the fall of the Canadian dollar.
“Our Canadian dollar is dropping [and] that makes American fruit and vegetables more expensive,” Brown said. “If our dollar doesn’t improve, then we’re going to be facing higher prices for American fruits and vegetables which is the majority of our importing.”
Folkersen said the past few months were particularly bad. She said REACH could buy a caseload of cauliflower in October for $49. That jumped to $73 a month later. In December, a case of cauliflower cost $85.
Looking for options
REACH is setting up focus groups with customers to consider options. They might have to raise their prices or reduce the variety of produce offered.
Folkersen said two things they can do, for now, is to buy in season and buy foods grown in Canada such as squash, potatoes, mushrooms, and onions.
REACH also educates people on how to eat healthy on a budget. They teach cooking classes that encourage participants to buy and make food in bulk, and use frozen fruits and vegetables.
Folkersen said there is a growing interest in these programs as food prices go up.
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American Shakespeare Company WorkshopsJanuary 28, 2014
“When You Do Dance” —An ASC Approach to Dance and Choreography Monday, Feb. 10, 12:30 p.m., OP 310.
Contact David Goyette.
Shakespeare’s use of dance in plays such as Twelfth Night, Romeo and Juliet, and Midsummer Night’s Dream shows that he possessed an intimacy with the specific requirements of each step and gesture in specific moments in his plays. Students will learn about Elizabethan concepts of dance and the symbolism of dancing in the plays. The class will discuss ways of presenting the dances now considering their purpose and the director’s vision. An interdisciplinary workshop suitable for a range of audiences.
If you would like to attend this workshop, please RSVP at https://www.facebook.com/events/679762395407559/.
“Within This Wooden O” —Shakespeare’s Staging Conditions (ASC Style) Monday, Feb. 10, 3:45 p.m. Baldwin 231
This overview workshop considers staging from Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, As You Like it and A Midsummer Night’s Dream in the context of the early modern stage and demonstrates Shakespeare’s expertise in writing for his playhouses’ conditions. Topics covered include: audience contact, playing darkness and the supernatural, hiding on the early modern stage, and asides. Excellent for classes of all types, especially those new to the American Shakespeare Center’s performance practices.
Links for further information: http://www.americanshakespearecenter.com/v.php?pg=1627; http://www.americanshakespearecenter.com/v.php?pg=1657
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Sonar Supervisor PO2 Adam Coolidge is just weeks away from hanging up his navy combats for good and leaving the tight knit naval community.
But he won’t be floundering when he immerses himself into the civilian world. The sailor has created his own business and its already proving a success.
With the skills attained through almost 17 years of service to the Royal Canadian Navy, and 20 years of recreational diving, the sailor has opened his own commercial diving business, Cold Water Divers Inc.
“The most important skills my training with the navy gave me were timings, organization, and administrative experience,” he says. “Timings means everything for a diver, and I have to keep all of my dive gear perfectly organized and in good working order, ready to go at a moment’s notice. And, of course, as the owner I’m responsible for all of my company’s paperwork.”
Cold Water Divers Inc. specializes in maintenance and repair of operational civil infrastructures built in water, such as bridges, docks, and sewage outfalls; therefore, divers must have a high level of expertise working with tools.
His company currently employs five divers capable of heavy lift salvage and removal, underwater welding and broco cutting, and live HD video inspections.
On a typical project, two divers are sent below the water to work on the task, which can range from cleaning a ship’s propeller to completing a hull inspection, to repairing a wharf.
Their 20-foot boat is always nearby with a small crew responsible for ensuring the divers’ safety, with one employee tending, and a supervisor overseeing the entire operation including providing the divers with their unlimited air supply.
His company also boasts it is the only modular dive company on the Island.
Divers can operate out of a shipping container that contains everything needed to do the work.
This means his team can operate with no assistance at any location, be it on a barge, a ship or a remote location.
PO2 Coolidge got hooked on diving in 1995, after giving himself the gift of his first lesson.
His first dive, in the crystal clear waters of an Ontario quarry, sparked his diving interest.
He has traveled to some of the most sought-after waters for diving such as the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Malta, Guam, Japan, Scotland, Azores, and Alaska, and diving his re-breather on many of the shipwrecks in the Florida Keys while on his summer break during his 6A Sonar Control Supervisor course.
Diving is also a part of his navy job.
His secondary duty in HMCS Ottawa is a ship’s team diver.
This work includes being a rescue diver for a man overboard, inspecting, clearing the ship drive-line from debris, and jetty searches.
While the change from navy life to full-time business owner has its stresses, PO2 Coolidge says he’s ready to immerse himself fully into his successful dive company and take it to the next level.
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Summary and Info
Any businessperson can tell you that doing business is more than just selling consumer goods. It covers the entire panoply of interactions with suppliers, distributors, investors,staff,as well as customers-all of the entities that have a stake in the performance of the company. This book is about doing electronic business (or e-business),and a new initiative called Electronic Business XML (ebxml),designed to extend the benefits of e-business and covering the entire potential spectrum of these interactions-to a much wider audience than ever before.
Review and Comments
Rate the Book
ebXML: The New Global Standard for Doing Business Over the Internet 0 out of 5 stars based on 0 ratings.
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Primitive Tyrannosaur from Asia – Alioramus remotus
Known only from a few fragmentary remains, Alioramus (A. remotus) is perhaps one of the more unusual of the Late Cretaceous Tyrannosaurs. Palaeontologists have suggested that this dinosaur may have been a particularly fast runner when compared to other Tyrannosaurids of the Maastrichtian faunal stage (70-65 million years ago). It might have specialised in hunting other types of prey when compared to the larger and more heavily built Tarbosaurus (T. bataar).
Alioramus is known from only fragmentary remains, discovered by a joint Soviet/Mongolian expedition to a remote part of Mongolia in the early 1970s. Parts of the skull including the lower jaw and a portion of the upper jaw were discovered along with some toe bones (metatarsals). It is believed that the fossil material represents a sub-adult. The long snout had a series of five small bumps running along it in a line from the nostrils, ending just in front of the large eyes, these were possibly small horns or bony crests. Perhaps this ridge became more prominent as the dinosaur matured. Alioramus may have weighed more than one thousand kilogrammes and perhaps exceeded six metres in length, but since no fossilised remains of a fully grown, mature animal have been found, the size of this particular carnivorous is open to speculation. Alioramus was formally named and scientifically described by Sergei Kurzanov of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1976.
A Scale Drawing of Alioramus (A. remotus)
Picture Credit: Everything Dinosaur
This dinosaur had relatively long jaws when compared to the dimensions of its skull. The jaws had more teeth in them than any other known Late Cretaceous Tyrannnosaurid. There were eighteen teeth in the front of each lower jaw, many more than found in the front of dentary bones (lower jaw bones) of other Tyrannosaurs. The maxilla (upper jaw) had sixteen possibly seventeen teeth.
Recently Collecta, the model and figure manufacturer introduced a model of Alioramus into their not-to-scale dinosaur model range, to view this model and the other replicas available in this series: Collecta Dinosaur Models
The first specimen of Alioramus was found in strata known as the Nogoon Tsav Beds of the Ingenii Hoovor valley of Mongolia. A second slightly more complete specimen of Alioramus was found during an expedition to another part of Mongolia (Nemegt Formation). This fossil material also represented a juvenile and for the time being it has been described as a separate species of Alioramus being formally named and described in 2009. However, some scientists speculate that this too could be an example of Alioramus remotus.
Dinosaur fossils, especially those of meat-eaters such as Tyrannosaurs are highly prized by practitioners of Chinese medicine who use the teeth in various potions (dragon’s teeth), this and demand for fossils from private collectors has led to a thriving black market in the smuggling of fossils and other artefacts from this part of Asia.
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Japanese officials try using army helicopter flights Thursday to dump water on an overheated reactor at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear complex disabled by last week's tsunami. They are evaluating if the unusual measure is working. At the same reactor, soldiers sprayed 30 tons of water toward a pool where used fuel is stored, hoping to cool it and keep it from catching fire. Police failed in an earlier attempt to cool the pool with water cannons.
In an encouraging development, crews were finishing laying a new cable to supply more reliable electricity to motors, valves and pumps needed to keep reactors cool.
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This barque was called the queen of the Lošinj sailing ships because of its twelve beautiful snow-white sails that adorned it. It was built in Glasgow in 1875 under the name “Blairgowrie” and it first sailed the England-Australia passenger route. It had 1646 GRT, it was 76.8 m long, 11.6 m wide and 6.8 m high, with 17 crew members.
The beautiful and slender lines made it look like a sail-powered yacht. The lower masts were made of iron, while the topgallant and royal masts were made of wood. Under favourable wind conditions, it could achieve a speed of up to 16 nautical miles per hour. The 6-mm-thick steel plates provided it with great strength, allowing it to sail for over 35 years. The deck was adorned with boards made of American teak-wood, while the walls of the comfortable ship lounge were covered with mahogany panelling. Its central section below the deck held a storage space for 10 tonnes of drinking water, which was used in unlimited quantities, except during draughts when water consumption was supervised by the ship's bookkeeper (škrivan).
In 1902, Lošinj’s Captain Franjo Leva and 85 other co-owners (karatist) bought the ship from its English owners, and from 1907 to 1910, when it was sold as scrap in Genoa, it was owned by Captain Klodoveo Budinić from Veli Lošinj.
The first local captain commanding the Contessa Hilda was Aldebrand Petrina who was, following his death in Iquique in 1906, succeeded by Captain Ivan Volarić from Vrbnik. From 1908 until its decommissioning, it was commanded by Captain Branko Širola.
It was on this very ship that Captain Petrina demonstrated his exceptional seafaring skills. On his last voyage to Chile in 1906, shortly before his death, he set a record sailing the route from Trieste over the Cape of Good Hope to the Chilean Port of Taltal in only 94 days (over 19,000 nautical miles). At that time, this was the fastest voyage ever made from one of the Adriatic ports to Chile by a sailing ship.
In 1910, the ship set sail on its last voyage for Genoa carrying coal. Captain Širola sadly said goodbye to the ship that was the last Lošinj overseas sailing ship.
GLASGOW - FREMANTLE (AUSTRALIA) - 106 days
EAST LONDON (SOUTH AFRICAN REPUBLIC) - IQUIQUE (CHILE) - CAPE HORN - TRIESTE - 56 days
TRIESTE - CAPE OF GOOD HOPE - TALTAL (CHILE) - 94 days
“ETTORE M.” (barque)
The last sailing ship owned by Lošinj’s shipowners and the Martinolić family. It was built in 1904 under the name “San Giovanni” in Chiogga, where it was purchased by Casimiro Martinolić from Lošinj for 32,000 francs. Because of its tall masts it was nicknamed Guardasuso (Looking up).
It was 44 metres long, 8 metres wide with three masts and an iron hull. The foremast had five cross-masts, which made it extremely powerful, while the main and stern masts had additional gaff and top sails. Its navigational instruments consisted of a compass, sextant, chronometer, mechanical speed log, nautical charts, pilotage and tables. It could achieve speeds up to 14 knots when fully loaded.
It most often sailed for the port of Kalyves on Crete via Corfu and Benghazi. On Crete they would load carobs for feeding the French Army’s horses. Casimiro and his sons Ottavio and Marino were fluent in Greek, which significantly helped them in their trade dealings. They would look for carobs in small villages, from which they were transported on donkeys and loaded in bags onto the ship anchored in shallow and inaccessible bays. The carobs were transported in bulk and, in order to achieve the best possible stability of the ship, they pressed them by rolling barrels full of water over them. The freight was unloaded manually in bags in Nice.
The ship was sold on 4 February 1911 in Genoa for 32,000 francs, the same amount for which it was purchased seven years before. It was sunk during the First World War.
CORFU - BENGHAZI - KALYVES (CRETE, GREECE)
MARTINIQUE (ANTILLES, CARIBBEAN SEA) - MARSEILLES (FRANCE) - TUNISIA
GREECE - TRIESTE
BLACK SEA - SICILY - TUNISIA - NICE - SAINT TROPEZ - TRIESTE
The first Lošinj sailing ship made of iron and the first iron sailing ship in the Austro-Hungarian Merchant Navy built in a local shipyard, as well as the last large ship ever built in Lošinj. It was launched in 1885 from the shipyard owned by Nikola Martinolić who built it at the initiative of his son Marko, while its construction was ordered by the consortium of Tarabocchi, Ivančić and Hreljić. The carrying capacity of the ship was 1680 tonnes.
When Nikola Martinolić installed the first iron keel, the entire town got excited because it was the first time ever that one of the Mediterranean shipyards tried to build an iron sailing ship. Until then, only the English managed to do it. The most difficult task was to solve the problems regarding the processing of the new material. It was simpler for the ordering parties to buy used wooden ships, thus the construction of Gange was Martinolić's greatest challenge.
He entrusted the command of the ship to his cousin Carl Martinolich di Matte (Mali Lošinj, 1848 – Trieste, 1922), one of the most skilled masters serving on regional coastal liners. "Gange" was one of the few sailing ships that did not belong to the Lloyd Company, whose ships sailed on specific routes and had a special status.
From the material left after the construction of "Gange", Martinolić built the first Lošinj steamship called “Flink” with a carrying capacity of 100 tonnes, which was ordered by Carl Martinolich di Matte, who in the meantime became manager and owner of several sailing ships and coastal steamships.
This full-rigged ship (nava) of the Venetian Merchant Navy became part of the history of Lošinj maritime navigation because it was commanded by Captain PETAR PETRINA (1706 - 1758) from Veli Lošinj, who during one of its voyages saved the ship from the threat of pirates.
This heroic victory by the courageous captain took place on 4 August 1752. Headed for Alexandria carrying rich cargo, Captain Petrina received a notification from the English consul in Alexandria that a dangerous Algerian pirate, known as Hadzi Bekir, was planning to seize the captain’s ship on its route by a ship carrying as many as 300 pirates and 44 cannons.
After consulting with his crew of 72 men (of which 50 soldiers), Petrina concluded that they should continue the voyage even though they are outnumbered by the vicious pirates both in terms of cannons and men. The two ships stood face to face on a scorching summer day of 4 August near the Turkish coast. The fighting began when Grazia Divina fired 15 of its cannons. After three hours of constant exchange of fire, the enemy ship, which was visibly damaged, retreated. Two days later, near the coast of the Turkish Province of Karaman, the two ships confronted once more. The ruthless fight lasted the entire day and ended in Captain Petrina’s victory with only negligible losses.
For his heroic deed of saving the crew and the ship’s rich cargo, he was awarded with a gold medal and a diploma by Francesco Loredan, Doge of Venice, who also named him a knight of the Order of St. Mark.
Although he saved the ship from Algerian pirates and fought bravely at Candia and Morea in the war between the Turks and the Venetians, Captain Petar Petrina could not escape the fate of most of the sailors of that time. Together with the entire crew of Grazia Divina, he was killed in a shipwreck on 27 October 1758 in the English Channel.
This full-rigged ship (nava) built for shipowner Ivan Antun Tarabocchi became part of the history of Lošinj maritime navigation for two reasons: weighing 2,500 tonnes, it was a ship with the greatest tonnage in the history of Lošinj, and its launch on 13 May 1875 was attended by Emperor Franz Joseph I. The ship was built in the shipyard of Nikola Martinolić and was named after Empress Elisabeth of Austria known as Sissy. The locals were so excited about the fact that the emperor himself was coming to the launch that a Lošinj woman who had the same name as the ship, Elisabetta B., wrote a poem called “Pisma od dana”.
A barque was the most common type of sailing ship that was built and sailed by Lošinj seafarers, so it is the main feature on the coat of arms of the town Mali Lošinj. It had three masts, the mainmast was the largest, followed by the somewhat smaller foremast and the smallest stern mast. Its was 40 to 60 metres long, 7 to 12 metres wide and 5 to 8 metres high, which made it especially suitable for ocean navigation.
In merchant navy the name of the ship was affiliated with the shipowner and the crew, while shipbuilders and shipowners often named their ships for sentimental reasons - after their local customs or places, and many were named after shipowners’ and captains’ wives. For example, the family Cosulich de Pećine named their ship “Kalk” after an area in Mali Lošinj where their ancestral home is still located, while others were named after family members – “Mater” (Mother), “Slava”, “Ugo”. The most distinct ship names were given by Nikola (Nicoletto) Martinolić who named his ships after the conditions under which they were built - “Sudore” (Sweat), “Lavoro” (Labour) and “Perseveranza” (Perseverance).
The most beautiful barque was “Contessa Hilda“ with its 12 elegant sails, followed by “Jupiter“ and “Amor“, that were built in 1869 in the shipyard of Nikola Martinolić.
The name of this ship was meant to symbolise strength, fierceness and success, as well as to help it on its maritime voyages. However, despite of its powerful name, Sator was damaged, run aground or collided with other ships so many times that it was dubbed the Bad Luck Sailing Ship.
The origin of its name is unknown, it is probably derived from the Latin word sator (satoris), which means sower, creator, father. The other possibility is that it came from the saying: Sator Arepo tenet opera rotas (God holds the plough, but you turn the furrows), which was at that time frequently recited in educated social circles. It is also possible that the ship’s name cames from the Latin phrase: Sator hominum deorumque, which pertains to God Jupiter.
It was built in the shipyard of Nikola (Nicoletto) Martinolić in 1864 for Captain Ivan Anton Tarabocchi, co-owned by Ivan Augustin Kozulić. It was 45.9 m long, 8.9 m wide, 6.3 m high and had a carrying capacity of 634 GRT. This ship’s commanders included the following citizens of Lošinj: Mihovil Inocent Hreljić, Josip Premuda, Anton Minio, Franjo Ivančić, Ivan Mate Rodinis and Mihovil Dinko Hreljić, son of Capt. Hreljić.
It sailed the routes between the Black and Mediterranean Seas, eastbound-westbound across the Atlantic and towards the North Sea and the Baltics, where it transported Slavonian and Gorje barrel battens (dužice) and large beams (bordunale), Russian grains, Caucasian and American raw oil, Canadian and Baltic timber, Mediterranean salt and English coal.
In 1875, during the ship’s return voyage on the route Odessa – Grimsby – Hull, before arriving to the British port of Hull, it collided with a steamship in the River Humber and its masts were damaged.
On its voyage from Cagliari to Philadelphia in 1887, it ran aground at the Schuylkill River, but remained undamaged.
In 1892, while transporting Algerian lilies, it collided near the Škarda Island with the Italian schooner “Maria R.” The collision was so severe that the Italian schooner had to be evacuated and Sator was tugged to Mali Lošinj by a gunship called Nautilus where it was repaired. That was its last arrival to its native town. After being repaired, Sator set sail from Rijeka towards Port Vendres, but was damaged in a storm and had to find shelter in Marseilles. The ship returned from its last voyage to Rijeka in 1894, where its masts and its equipment were removed and since then it served for years as the port barge (maona) for transporting coal to steamships.
NEW YORK - QUEENSTOWN (NEW ZEALAND)
NEW YORK - CONSTANTINOPOLIS (ISTANBUL)
BORDEAUX - LEWES (GREAT BRITAIN)
NEW YORK - DUNKERQUE
PICTOU (NOVA SCOTIA, CANADA) - QUEBEC
MONTREAL - QUEENSTOWN
MARSEILLES - PORT EADS (LOUISIANA, USA)
PENSACOLA (FLORIDA) - GENOA
GENOA - BATOUM (BLACK SEA)
RIJEKA - CALA BONA (MALLORCA)
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In politics, there are no permanent friendships and enmities, only permanent interests. This Bismarckian principle is nowhere better exemplified than in the joint naval exercises recently carried out off the Shanghai coast by India and China. Beijing and New Delhi, except in the halcyon days of Jawaharlal Nehru’s Hindi Chini bhai bhai, have never been the best of friends. Relationships, at best, have been frosty ever since the Sino-Indian border skirmish of 1962. But the global ambience and the demands of realpolitik have changed too much to cling to past hostilities. Both governments, over a period of time, have decided not to beat an antique drum. On both sides, gestures have been made to place Indo-Chinese relationships on a more realistic level where dialogue and a certain amount of cooperation are not ruled out of court. The joint naval exercise is a product of long and fruitful backroom dialogues and its political implications are perhaps more important than what they mean for the navies of the two countries. Over the years, China has changed dramatically: communism is only its rhetorical shell. Economic growth had made it open out to the world. So has India even if it has been slower to respond to global economic trends. There are clear reflections of the changed attitudes on the mirror of Sino-Indian relations. A high-powered committee has been formed to look into the border dispute and the two countries have agreed to trade through Sikkim. The latter implies that China has accepted Sikkim to be a part of India.
The cooperation is obviously based on a mutual perception that on some issues India’s and China’s interests converge. It is too early to draw any wide generalization about this convergence. But on matters arising out of trade and the World Trade Organization, India and China could both benefit from greater cooperation. With the economies of both countries burgeoning, neither wants the irritant of a border dispute to distract from their principal driving force. By befriending China, India has the advantage of using it as a counterweight against Pakistan. The latter has been China’s ally and it would be in India’s interest to drive the thin end of the wedge into this alliance. A developing relationship between India and China has the potential to act as a transforming agent in Indo-Pak relations.
There is also a wider picture to be borne in mind. The phenomenon of the United States of America as the world’s only superpower is the most significant development of the last decade. Indian foreign policy, thanks to the efforts of two prime ministers — Mr P.V. Narasimha Rao and Mr Atal Bihari Vajpayee — has adjusted to this changed global environment and has also gained certain advantages from it. But there is the unexpressed discomfort with one power calling the shots in all matters of consequences. This discomfort is a factor in the closer ties that are emerging between India and China. If the dragon is no longer breathing fire, the Indian elephant has woken up to Asian and global realities.
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Darkness to Light Home Page
Books and eBooks by the Director
By Gary F. Zeolla
Darkness to Light is dedicated to explaining and defending the essential doctrines of the Christian faith. But also, at various places on this Web site, it is mentioned that this ministry and its the director ascribe to a "Reformed-Baptist Perspective" of the Christian faith. I have been asked what I mean by this phrase. This question will be answered by looking at each term separately.
The Reformation began in 1517 by Martin Luther (1483-1546) when he nailed his 95 Theses to the door of the Wittenberg church. Lutheran churches of today trace their roots to Martin Luther and his teachings.
John Calvin (150964) was the second major reformer. Calvins views were similar to Luthers; but with some significant differences. Calvin articulated his ideas in great detail in his Institutes of the Christian Religion and in his many Biblical commentaries.
Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1531) was a third major reformer of the 1500s. His views were similar to Calvins. Various Reformed and Presbyterian churches trace their roots to the teachings of Calvin and/ or Zwingli.
For the purposes of this article, these three men, along with their close companions, will be collectively called the Reformers. The theological system based on the teachings of Calvin, Zwingli, and others of like-mindedness is known as "Calvinism" or more generally, "Reformed."
Calvinism is summarized in "The Five Points of Calvinism."1 These points are also called "The Doctrines of Grace."
Another way to summarize the teachings of the Reformers and the Reformed faith is with the three "rallying cries" of the Reformation. This article will look at each of these, along with one additional point. The "cries" were expressed by three Latin phrases.
The first rallying cry was sola Scriptura (Scripture alone). This idea is represented in this ministrys Confession of Faith when it states that the Scriptures are, "the Divine and final authority for all Christian faith and life" (2Tim 3:14-17).
Moreover, the Reformers believed in the perspicuity of Scripture. Perspicuity comes from "perspicuous" which means, "Clearly expressed or presented; easy to understand."2
The Reformers believed the basic teachings of the Scriptures could be understood by the common person. They did not need an ecclesiastic authority to interpret the Bible for them (Deut 30:11-14; Rom 10:6-8; 1John 2:27).
What the people needed was a reliable translation in their own language. So Martin Luther translated the Bible into his native German. Other Reformers then translated the Scriptures into their native tongues.
However, by Sola Scriptura the Reformers did not mean that only the Bible should be read and studied. They recognized that God has been working in his people throughout the centuries, raising up faithful teachers for Himself. And the reading of these writings can be of much spiritual benefit (Neh 8:6-8; 1Cor 12:28; Eph 4:11).
Moreover, they were just as they were called "reformers." Initially, Luther simply wanted to reform the Catholic Church. But in April 1521 Luther was summoned to Worms by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. The Archbishop of Tier asked Luther if he would recant his writings.
After a day of reflection, Luther uttered his now famous words:
Since then your Majesty and your lordships desire a reply, I will answer without horns and without teeth. Unless I am convicted by Scripture and plain reasonI do not accept the authority of popes and councils, for they have contradicted each othermy conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and I will not recant anything, for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. God help me. Here I stand; I cannot do otherwise. Amen.3
It was only after the Diet at Worms that the reformation was moved to outside of the Catholic Church. But even then, the Reformers did not believe they were starting a new church; they believed they were reforming the true Church.
But they now used the original definition of the word "church" as being a community or assembly, rather than an organization.4 They considered the Church to be where Christians were gathered together with the Gospel being preached rightly and the sacraments of Baptism and the Lords Supper being administered (Acts 2:42).
Moreover, the Reformers took great pains to demonstrate that their teachings, along with being Biblical, also agreed with what Christians leaders had taught at various times, especially in the early centuries.
Calvins Institutes, for instance, is filled not only with Biblical quotes, but also with quotations of numerous Christian writers since the time of the Apostles.
Nor did the Reformers believe that all the Catholic Churchs traditions needed to be tossed out. But they differed in how far to go in this regard. Luther believed any tradition could be retained provided it did not conflict with Scripture (Matt 15:1-6; Mark 7:1-13). So much of the Catholic liturgy was retained. Calvin, on the other hand, believed any Catholic church laws without explicit Scriptural support should be discarded. Only traditions based on the Word of God should be retained (1Cor 11:2; 2Thes 2:15; 3:6; Col 2:8). So Reformed and Presbyterian churches are much less liturgical than Lutheran churches.5
This writer agrees with Luther that traditions conflicting with Scripture need to be avoided. And I agree with Calvin that traditions without Scriptural support must not become church "laws" that must be followed. Our liberty in Christ should never be compromised (Gal 5;1,13; Col 2:20-23; 1Tim 4:1-5).6
The second rallying cry of the Reformation was sola gratia (grace alone). But before discussing this point, another emphasis of Reformed thought needs to be looked at: the holiness of God.
The importance of a proper grasp of Gods holiness became apparent to this writer years ago when I read R.C. Sprouls book The Holiness of God.
On the back cover is a quotation by Chuck Colson, "The material in this book drove me to my knees and dramatically changed my Christian life."7 I had the same experience.
The most interesting chapter in the book is Chapter Five entitled, "The Insanity of Luther." In it, Sproul relates the events that transpired when Luther performed his first Mass as a Catholic priest. When it came time for the Prayer of Consecration, Luther froze. He was unable to pray the words, "We offer unto thee, the living, the true, the eternal God."
Luther later explained what happened:
At these words I was utterly stupefied and terror-stricken. I thought to myself, "With what tongue shall I address such majesty, seeing that all men ought to tremble in the presence of even an earthly prince? Who am I that I should lift up mine eyes or raise my hands to the divine Majesty? The angels surround him. At his nod the earth trembles. And shall I, a miserable little pygmy, say, "I want this, or I ask for that?" For I am dust and ashes and full of sin and I am speaking to the living, eternal and the true God.8
Luther had been a monk before he became a priest. And, "As a monk Luther devoted himself to a rigorous kind of austerity. He set out to be the perfect monk."9 He knew that since God was perfectly holy, he had to be perfectly holy in order to please Him (Matt 5:48).
But no matter how hard he tried he simply could not be perfectly sinless (Deut 27:26; Gal 3:10; 1John 1:8).
Eventually, Luther came to understand the grace of God by studying the Book of Romans. It was only then that his troubled heart could be settled (Rom 4:4-8; 5:1,2).
The order here is important, first a grasp of Gods holiness, then a grasp of our utter sinfulness before God, then, and only then, can Gods grace be truly understood (Isa 6:1-7).10
The third rallying cry of the Reformation was sola fide (faith alone). This term refers to the doctrine that salvation is by faith alone, apart from any human works (Rom 3:20-22; Gal 2:16). This idea is common in the evangelical world today; however, most today do not take it as far as the Reformers did.
Calvin explains the doctrine:
If a price is to be put upon works according to their own worth, we hold that they are unfit to appear in the presence of God: that man, accordingly, has no works in which he can glory before God, and that hence, deprived of all aid from works, he is justified by faith alone. Justification, moreover, we thus define: The sinner being admitted into communion with Christ is, for his sake, reconciled to God; when purged by his blood he obtains the remission of sins, and clothed with righteousness, just as if it were his own, stands secure before the judgment-seat of heaven.11
With the above paragraph the average evangelical would agree. However Calvin goes further. He states, " faith itself is produced only by the Spirit." He also refers to "the gift of faith" and says, "faith is a special gift." Even further, "election is the parent of faith" and "faith is aptly conjoined with election, provided it hold the second place." 12
So salvation by faith alone for the Reformers was bound up with the idea of election. Faith is a gift God gives to his elect (Acts 13:48; 16:14; Eph 2:8). Thus it could truly be said, "Salvation is of the Lord" (see Jonah 2:9).
Sovereignty of God:
The last aspect of the Reformed faith to be looked at is Gods sovereignty. All of the Reformers put an emphasis on the sovereignty of God. But it is Calvin who is best remembered for this doctrine, and the resultant predestination.
Simply put, this doctrine states that God is in control (Dan 4:34,35). And in the Reformed view, this means God is in control all things, including so called human freewill (Ezra 1:1; 7:27f; Prov 21:1).
This concept is important. Unless God is absolutely sovereign there would be no basis for trusting in him. If any event in history were outside of Gods control, He could not be trusted with our lives, our destinies, or even our prayers.
Calvin comments on the first clause in the "Lords Prayer" ("Our Father in heaven"), " we must put our confidence in him, understanding that heaven and earth are governed by his providence and power . Then when his throne is fixed in heaven, we are reminded that he governs the world, and, therefore, that it is not in vain to approach him whose present care we actually experience"13 (Neh 1:4-2:8; Acts 7:9,10).
Much more could be said on the Reformed faith. But this section will have to close by saying this writer, for the most part, ascribes to the "Westminster Confession of Faith." This document is a detailed expression of the Reformed faith, originally drafted in 1647.
The Baptist movement was, " begun (c.1608) by English Separatists in Amsterdam. The first American congregation was founded (1639) by Roger Williams in Providence, R.I.14
Christian History magazine lists "Five key convictions that have been essential to Baptists from their beginnings." These five Baptist distinctives will be overviewed.
A quotation from a Baptist writer will first be used to explain each point.15 Then a comparison with the Reformed view will be made, and lastly, my own position articulated.16
1. The supreme authority of
"The Holy Scripture is the only sufficient, certain and infallible rule of all saving knowledge, faith and obedience" (Thomas Helwys - 1611).
Calvinists would most definitely agree with the first point. However, as stated above, the Reformers were just that, reformers. But the Baptists more considered themselves "restorers." They felt the truth of God had been lost and needed to be restored. As such, they did not see as much as a need to refer to Christian writers of centuries past as the Reformers did.
This writer is more in accord with the Reformers on this point. God has been working throughout the centuries. He did not stop working when the last Apostle died and start to work again yesterday. If Christians ignore the great Christian writings of the past two millennia, they do so to their spiritual detriment.17
But it must be emphasized, both Calvinists and Baptists would agree that the Scriptures are "the divine and final authority" (Isa 8:20).
2. Preaching and evangelism:
"The work of the Christian ministry, it has been said, is to preach the gospel, or to hold up the free grace of God through Jesus Christ, as the only way of a sinners salvation. This is doubtless true; and if this be not the leading theme of our ministrations, we had better be anything than preachers" (Andrew Fuller - 1785).
The Reformers would wholeheartedly agree with this attitude, and so would this writer (Luke 24:46; 1Cor 2:2).
3. Believers baptism:
"Baptism is an ordinance of the New Testament, given by Christ, to be dispersed only upon persons professing faith. The way and manner of dispensing this Ordinance the Scripture holds to be dipping or plunging the whole body under water" (The London Confession - 1644).
This is where the Reformers part company with the Baptists. The Reformers uniformly believed in infant baptism by sprinkling or pouring. The difference here is the result of differing definitions of what a local church should be.
To the Reformers a church included Christians, and their children. They considered baptism to be the New Testament equivalent of Old Testament circumcision. Just as the children of the old covenant were circumcised and made a member of the community, so should children in the new covenant be baptized and become members of the church.
For Baptists, a church is a community of believers.18 Children and non-believers are, of course, welcome. But only believers are considered members of the church.
As for baptism itself, nowhere in the New Testament are infants specifically said to be baptized. Moreover, every example of baptism in the New Testament occurs after someone places their faith in Christ.
Also, baptism is a symbol of dying and rising with Christ. Only baptism by immersion fits this description (Rom 6:1-4).
On this subject, this writer agrees with the Baptist position.19
4. Local church autonomy
"Each particular church has a complete power and authority from Jesus Christ to administer all gospel ordinances, provided they have sufficient, duly qualified officers to receive in and cast out, and also to try and ordain their own officers, and to exercise every part of gospel discipline and church government, independent of any other church or assembly whatever" (Benjamin Griffiths - 1746).
Baptists churches do, however, sometimes join an association or loosely connected organization for missionary and other endeavors. For instance, this writer attended Denver Seminary, which is run by the Conservative Baptist Association.
In contrast to this view, Reformed and Presbyterian churches generally follow some form of Presbyterian church government. This refers to a church being overseen by a board of elders or Presbyters. These Presbyters then meet together with other Presbyters in a local area to make decisions for the organization of churches.20 There is then often a larger meeting of Presbyters throughout a given country.
Each view, again, flows out of each traditions definition of a local church. If, in the Reformed view, children are baptized and made members of the church, then eventually there will be adult members who are not actually Christians. So not all members should participate in decisions. Only the ordained Presbyters, who assumable will be Christians, are qualified.
But in the Baptist view, only believers are members. Further, Baptists believe strongly in the "priesthood of believers" (1Peter 2:9).21 So any member is qualified for making decisions in the church.
So which view does this writer agree with? Thats hard to say. A few years ago I purchased The Classic Bible Dictionary. Under the entry of "Church, Nature and Government of" there are separate articles on seven different views of church government. Most are written by proponents of that particular view.22
I found myself in agreement with two of the articles: "Autonomous View" and "Presbyterian View." So I guess I believe in some kind of combination of the two.
In fact, Christ Community Fellowship (CCF), the church this ministry is associated with, ascribes to a "modified congregationalism" according to Pastor Jeff Youell.
As a member of the Evangelical Free Church of America, which is officially congregational, CCF has aspects of congregationalism.23 But CCF also believes the elders should have decision making authority (Acts 20:17,28; Heb 13:17).
5. Separation of Church and
"As religion must always be a matter between God and individuals, no man can be made a member of a truly religious society by force or without his own consent, neither can any corporation that is not a religious society have a just right to govern in religious affairs" (Isaac Backus - 1781).
The Reformers views on this subject were varied, and probably changed over time with shifting political situations. One thing is certain though, the Reformers did not advocate religious freedom to the degree the Baptists did.
As a citizen of the USA, this writer thanks God for the First Amendment to The Constitution of the United States, "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof" (Matt 22:21; John 18:36).
Again, much more could be said on the Baptist movement. The above should show, though, that there are affinities between the Baptist and Reformed views, with a few significant differences. But overall, the two viewpoints are not incompatible.
The word "perspective" can mean, "The relationship of aspects of a subject to each other and to a whole: a perspective of history; a need to view the problem in the proper perspective."24
So to get a "perspective" of a subject one needs to understand each individual element of a subject in relationship to each other element and to the entire overall subject.
Throughout this Web site, various, individual elements of the Christian faith are explained and defended. The emphasis is on the "essentials of the faith" as outlined on Darkness to Light's Confession of Faith. But also, other important topics are addressed.25
As all of these Biblical teachings are put together, this writer believes a combination of "Reformed" and "Baptist" thinking helps best to organize and understand the material.
So "Reformed-Baptist Perspective" means this writer believes that in a combination of these two traditions is found the best expression of the Biblical worldview.
"I have my own private opinion that there is no such thing as preaching Christ and Him crucified, unless we preach what nowadays is called Calvinism. It is a nickname to call it Calvinism; Calvinism is the gospel, and nothing else.
"I do not believe we can preach the gospel, if we do not preach justification by faith, without works; nor unless we preach the sovereignty of God in His dispensation of grace; nor unless we exalt the electing, unchangeable, eternal, immutable, conquering love of Jehovah; nor do I think we can preach the gospel, unless we base it upon the special and particular redemption of His elect and chosen people which Christ wrought out upon the cross."
(C.H. Spurgeon, who probably would have said he ascribed to a "Reformed-Baptist Perspective" also. From a sermon by Spurgeon titled "A Defense of Calvinism" as found in the book Charles H. Spurgeon: The Best from All His Works. Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1988, p.264.)The links below are direct links to where the book can be purchased from Books-A-Million.
1 See the Scripture Study The Five Points of Calvinism found in my Scripture Workbook and Introduction to Calvinism by Ted Sims.
2Language, Third Edition copyright © 1992 by Houghton Mifflin The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Company. Electronic version licensed from InfoSoft International, Inc. All rights reserved.
3Diet of" in Walter A. Elwell, editor, Evangelical Dictionary of Theology (Grand Rapids, Quoted in C.G. Fry. "Worms, MI: Baker Book House, 1984), p.1192.
4 "Church" comes form the Greek word ekklesia. It can refer to: 1. An assembly in the ordinary classical sense (Acts 19:32,39,41). 2. The whole body of the redeemed (Eph 5:23,25,27,29 Heb 12:23). 3. A few Christians associated together in observing the ordinances of the Gospel (Ro 16:5 Col 4:15). 4. All the Christians in a particular city (Acts 8:1; 13:1; 1Cor 1:2; Rev 2:1). 5. Christians throughout the world (1Cor 15:9; Gal 1:13 Mt 16:18). Adapted from the Online Bible 7.0. In none of these definitions is there the connotation of an organization.
5Another area of major disagreement between Lutheran and Reformed views would regard the nature of the presence of Christ in the communion elements. The Baptists would then disagree with both of these views. This complex subject will not be pursued here. I will only say that my view would probably be somewhat between the Reformed and Baptist views.
6 It must be said, all churches have traditions, even less liturgical ones like Baptists. The traditions and liturgy may not be written down, but they are there. Further, though this writer prefers a less liturgical format, neither strongly liturgical nor less liturgical formats are "better" just different.
7 Quoted in R.C. Sproul. Knowing God (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1985), back cover.
8 Ibid., p. 107.
9 Ibid., p. 112.
10 For more on holiness and grace see Is Your God the God of Isaiah? and Acquaint Yourself with God by Joel Rishel.
11 John Calvin. Institutes of the Christian Religion , Book 3, Chapter 17, Section 8.
12 Ibid., Book 3, Chapter 1, Section 4.
13 Ibid., Book 3, Chapter 20. Section 40.
14 Concise Columbia Encyclopedia is licensed from Columbia University Press. Copyright © 1995, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
15 "Baptist Distinctives," Christian History, Vol. IV, No.2, p.25. All Baptists quotations are from this source.
16 The Anabaptists of the 1500s (the "Radical Reformers") held many beliefs similar to the Baptists, including all five of the "Baptist distinctives" described here. So I could almost say I ascribe to a "Reform-Anabaptist perspective." However, the Anabaptists also held some unique doctrines, such as pacifism, that Im not quite so sure about. See the Scripture Study Christians and the Government.
17 I am NOT saying these Christian writings are inspired in the sense that the Bible is. However, God gave some to be teachers (see Eph 4:11). The ministry of those with the gift of teaching is to help people better understand what the inspired Biblical writers meant by what they said (Neh 8:1-12). See the Scripture Study Teaching and Defending the Faith for more on the need for teachers and About Darkness to Light for this ministry's perspective in this regard.
18 Hence why Baptists churches are called "Believers churches."
19 For more on this subject, see the Scripture Study Questions on Baptism.
20 Adapted form Milliard J. Erickson, Concise Dictionary of Christian Theology (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1986), p.132,133.
21 The Reformers also believed in the "priesthood of believers." But they did not draw the conclusion of a regenerate church as a result.
22 Jay P. Green, Sr., editor, Classic Bible Dictionary (Lafayette, IN: Sovereign Grace Trust, 1988), pp.281-295.
23 "The Evangelical Free Church of America is an association of local churches joined together in the bonds of love for the purpose of developing and carrying on ministries which are most effectively accomplished by mutual cooperation" (www.r-i-b-s.com/EFCA/; file no longer found). The EFCA is basically Baptist in doctrine and practice.
24 The American Heritage® Dictionary.
25 See the Scripture Study Teaching and Defending the Faith for the need to explain and defend the essentials of the faith, but also other doctrines as well.
Books and eBooks by Gary F. Zeolla, the Director of Darkness to Light
Reformed-Baptist Perspective. Copyright © 1999 by Gary F. Zeolla of Darkness to Light ministry (www.dtl.org).
For a follow-up to the above article, see Re: Reformed-Baptist Perspective.
The above article was published in Darkness to Light
and posted on this Web site in October 1997.
- Introductory Articles
Calvinism (Reformed Theology)
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List of Pages Subject
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Click Here for Books and eBooks by Gary F. Zeolla
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Riding a motorcycle can be a freeing and liberating experience for a bike enthusiast. The wind blowing on your face and being able to flip in between cars is a tantalizing experience for many. However, motorcycle riding comes with several risks. For instance, 80% of all motorcycle accidents lead to either serious injury or death, as against 20% of four-wheeler accidents.
As per the US Department of Transportation’s National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), there is an average of 90,000 motorcycle accidents in a year with 5985 fatal motorcycle accidents. While we pray that you never get involved in such massive accidents, knowing what to do and what not to do is imperative for every motorcyclist. Read on to know about the dos and don’ts at the crash scene.
Things to do at the scene of the accident
In the event when you’re involved in a motorcycle accident, here are the steps to take as urgently as possible:
- Remain at the scene of the accident but be safe
Based on the circumstances you’ve faced and the injuries you’ve got, you might be able to move further from the accident spot and sit in a safer place. In case, you don’t think you can move away for safety reasons, then it is crucial for you to switch on the hazard lights and alert other drivers about the accident.
- Call the police
The next thing to do is to call 911, report the details of the accident and request the police to arrive at the crash scene. If the police are present at the accident spot, this will help you with an injury claim, as you’ll be provided a paper trail. While reporting the accident to the police, ask for an ambulance if you or the other driver need medical help.
- Assemble evidence
If you’re not seriously injured, take video and photographs of the accident scene and also the damage done to the vehicle and the motorcycle. Don’t forget to get the vehicle details of the other driver like the license number of the driver and his insurance policy. In case your severe injuries don’t allow you to click pictures, ask someone for help.
Things you shouldn’t do at the accident scene
- Discussing who’s at fault
There are times when an individual feels he is possibly at fault for the motorcycle accident but you can’t be sure who caused it. How would you know who violated the traffic law and who should be blamed for it. Hence, wait for the professionals to determine who is at fault. Never apologize or accept blame.
- Speaking with your insurance company from the accident spot
There are many who wrongly think it is their duty to inform the insurance company about the accident from the spot. Calling the insurance company before being aware of the severity of the injuries and damage is not recommended by experts.
- Denying your injuries
Often, people who are injured don’t pay heed to their injuries as they hope the pain will lessen in few days after the accident. However, it is seen that the pain gets worse, and different other injuries reveal themselves later. This is why it is vital that the motorcyclists never report the police saying that they’re not injured.
Once you’re done with the immediate steps after an accident, it is time to call an attorney. You may check out Fisher & Talwar for the best accident attorneys in Los Angeles. They can help you with all legal questions, obtaining your insurance claim, and deciding who is at fault.
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Carda S, Bertoni M, Zerbinati P, Rossini M, Magoni L, Molteni F: Gait changes after tendon functional surgery for equinovarus foot in patients with stroke: Assessment of temporo-spatial, kinetic, and kinematic parameters in 177 patients. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2009;88:292-301. Objective: In patients with hemiplegic stroke, equinovarus foot is one of the most frequent deformities. Outcome evidence for surgical correction of equinovarus foot is scarce, and results are usually assessed only clinically. Moreover, concerns about possible loss of function after elongation of the plantar flexor muscles are still at issue. The objective of this study was to verify if surgical correction of equinovarus foot can improve gait speed and function. Design: We used a retrospective, nonrandomized design. One hundred seventy-seven chronic hemiplegic patients who underwent surgical correction of equinovarus foot were evaluated before and 1 yr after surgery. Outcome measures were walking handicap score, temporalspatial parameters, gait kinematics and kinetics, and paretic propulsion. Results: After surgery, walking handicap and temporal-spatial parameters significantly improved, as did ankle kinematic data and gait kinetic data. Patients' gait at follow-up was faster, with a more normal base of support and with better foot advancement. Paretic propulsion increased significantly after surgery, even if ankle power at push-off was reduced. We also observed a low complication rate. Conclusions: Surgical correction of equinovarus foot deformity in patients with stroke is a safe and effective procedure. Even if the power generation at the ankle decreased, overall gait function and parameters improved after surgery.
|Number of pages||10|
|Journal||American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation|
|Publication status||Published - Apr 2009|
- Equinus deformity
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
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There are several basic structures to a story.
The stories people come up with are the same throughout the ages and places.
People’s brains, although they have some differences, were basically similar in structure. It follows, then, that the stories they make are similar to an extent.
One of the basic structures of stories is called the [leaving and returning]
Heroic sagas are mostly structured in this way.
This is the general gist of it:
- There was a peaceful world and a child born in that world, the world was destroyed and the child was forced to set off on a journey.
They met with the “Mentor” and trained with them.
At the end of training, they would receive a weapon or a killing move, and would be reborn as the strongest existence.
They would continue on their travels, gathering “Helpers”, defeating all kinds of enemies, and grow.
Finally, they would obtain the “McGuffin” — the objective of their journey.
After many twists and turns, they would return to their original world.
They differ in the details, but most follow along those lines.
Even reincarnation stories popular on the web in Japan also follow this form.
It was not necessarily done consciously, but before they knew it, it became like that.
A human’s thoughts are free and yet they are not.
— However, webnovels possess a certain characteristic.
The protagonists, tempted by the goddess to go to another world, never return to Earth.
They never return to Earth. They never even thought about returning to Earth.
I once thought, why?
Then I came to a conclusion.
— It’s because they never grew up.
In stories, the greatest goal of the journey was growth.
The reason why reincarnators never returned was because they never achieved the goal of growing up.
… Because they had been given cheat skills by the goddess from the start, the webnovel protagonists’ growth was stunted.
They were always wrapped in their overwhelming power — like a baby in its mother’s womb, or a chick inside an egg.
They were isolated from the world.
Thus no matter what events they experienced, they would never accumulate experience.
Always, always a child.
Rather, their attitudes became worse and worse.
They were praised, “amazing, amazing”, even though they had no substance, and they no longer considered that a problem anymore.
Finally, they became a token “Character”.
“So in order to save such an idiot … has to be that way,” I muttered, looking down onto the ring.
Montavo chased after the fleeing Yuutarou.
“Blood … wai … time out, I’m bleeding …”
Even though he wasn’t greatly wounded, Yuutarou was shocked by the exsanguination.
He was all flustered, holding down his arm.
“It’s only blood!! Deal with it!!”
Cutting Yuutarou off, Montavo closed his distance.
If he rushed in now he could do a great deal of damage, and yet Montavo only unleashed the minimal degree of attack.
… he’s in teacher mode, is he.
Sheesh, what a softie.
“It’s hot …!? IT HURTS…!!”
Having his left arm cut off, Yuutarou cried miserably.
Because it hurt.
“That’s right, it hurts when you’re wounded. Remember that stupid brat” I muttered
He felt pain, he felt the fear of death.
Montavo taught him that.
— Montavo is trying to bring Yuutarou back to humanity.
In order to bring a reincarnator protected by the goddess back to humanity, they had to first know that the shell is not perfect.
They won’t gain anything if they stayed in a perfectly safe place.
To grow, one needs to understand pain — and thus they would have to understand a human’s pain.
Reincarnators are terribly cruel things.
Even though they were born in peace on Earth, the moment they came to another world they committed mass murders.
They forgot their own pain because of the powers given by the goddess, and thus forgot other people’s pain.
They lacked the power to emphatize.
People who stand in an inviolable space would be the most cruel.
“It hurts, right? It’s painful, right? This is what you’ve been doing to Demihumans”
Be aware of your sins.
You slaughterer, murderer.
I looked over around the audience seats.
It was wrapped in a strange atmosphere.
The once boisterous arena had now gone rather quiet.
Only Yuutarou’s companions were shouting loudly.
The main heroine Lugindall and the supporting cast were shouting for Yuutarou to somehow stay calm.
“Yuutarou, take some distance! Calm down! Ready your sword!”
But the voices didn’t reach him.
A child, once brought to such confusion, won’t regain their calm so easily.
Finally, discouraged voices started streaming down from the audience.
‘What the hell’s that … so shameful’
‘What’s he fussing about, it’s just blood …’
‘He looks like he’s going to cry’
The discouraged voices soon turned into jeering.
“Fight properly!” the mean voices said.
They splendidly changed their stance.
“Well, humans are things like this”
There’s no one more untrustworthy than those who are attracted to power.
They were simply beaten down to submission.
Such a worthless bunch.
Their voices surely reached Yuutarou.
I wonder if he heard the true nature of humans.
I’m sure Yuutarou had been pampered ever since he came to this world.
Since he had power, people were gentle towards him.
Because they treated him kindly, Yuutarou decided to treat them kindly as well.
He used his power and protected them.
Now that he’s being jeered at, what will become of his mind.
He’s seen the ugly side of humans with his own eyes, but will he still think of saving people.
“If he doesn’t”
— Then you’re a fake, Yuutarou.
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Housing program is basically a never ending problem in the central point of the Philippine archipelago – Metro Manila Philippines. For it is where all class and types of Filipinos conglomerate into a congesting situation due to Manila is the center of commerce and industry wherein most Filipinos thought to gain a lot of opportunities for them to grow and progress financially and materially, thus squatting is rampant throughout Manila though there are spacious lots in their respective provinces wherein they could own it legally than just squatting which end up their houses being demolished because of lack of legal ownership of the lot or real estate their houses were erected.
However, though there are a lot of real estate communities being developed throughout the Philippines, it is inaccessible and can’t afford by a less learned and financially poor and destitute Filipinos, respectively. Yes, the Philippines then and up to present administration is trying and struggling to form an effective government housing program for the poor Filipinos to solve the congesting problem, basically on Metro Manila and to stop the battle between the lot owners and the Filipinos who love to squat on real estate properties they don’t legally own.
For every year, there is a struggle between the squatters and the house demolition team that demolished squatting houses on the lot of the real estate owner.
The Philippine government has settled some squatters that become homeless due to the demolition process into a government own house resettlement community which was founded and created by the government itself. However, these free housing programs have not yet solved the squatting problems.
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