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Burning Scrap Lumber
I have a lot of scrap pieces of plywood and treated lumber from woodworking projects. Are they safe to use as kindling in a home fireplace or an outside fire pit?Answer
Burning scrap lumber such as plywood or treated lumber in a fireplace or fire pit is not recommended for a variety of different reasons.
Plywood contains glues, adhesives and even chemicals. When plywood is burned it can create health problems if these contaminants are inhaled. They're also destructive to the environment.
Pressure treated wood gives off a toxic smoke when it burns. It is dangerous to burn any wood that has been treated with chemicals because they become airborne and can easily be inhaled by people nearby.
Burning the wood in your fireplace also creates a problem because the glues and adhesives from the plywood can adhere to the chimney walls creating unwanted buildup.
Finally, many states have laws that make it illegal to burn construction materials such as treated lumber and plywood.
I hope this helps!
Firewood For Life
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The Biden administration is scrambling to limit the damage both at home and abroad as Russia once again this week slashed its energy supplies to the European Union.
Russia’s state-owned gas giant Gazprom announced it will cut the flow through the Nord Stream 1 pipeline into Germany — and thus the EU — to only 20% of capacity. It is, of course, retaliation for U.S. and Western sanctions and arming of Ukrainian forces.
The result is something one U.S. official called “uncharted territory.” Even as July heat sears the northern hemisphere, will Europe have enough natural gas to get through the frigid winter months?
At home, the same U.S. official worried that what Moscow is unleashing in Europe will push energy and electricity prices back skyward after their recent dips.
The national average for a gallon of regular gas continues to fall, though that may be short lived. AAA reported the average on Tuesday was down to $4.32 per gallon, off from the June 14 record of $5.01.
Still, it is critical to note that Biden’s stubborn and nonsensical refusal to increase the supply of what the U.S. has readily available continues to be dangerous. It is likely to bite U.S. consumers hard, and absolutely will impact an EU virtually cut off from its Russian suppliers.
The White House on Tuesday was quick to trumpet the Department of Energy’s new notice of oil to be sold globally from the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve. The administration, of course, wants credit for the price of gas falling recently.
But experts note that the impact of those millions of barrels tipping over into the markets may be as small as $0.13 per gallon. It’s not nothing, but it’s also not the lion’s share of the drop either.
Interestingly, the program of releasing oil from the nation’s reserves ends in October — just before the November midterms.
Russia almost closing the tap on natural gas just adds fuel to inflationary fires that pushed the commodity up 77% in July alone. U.S. natural gas futures skyrocketed 11% on Tuesday after Russia’s announcement to their highest levels since 2008.
As long as the president sits on his hands and thus on drilling for energy independence, Americans can look forward to being held hostage even more by Russia and other tyrants. The spillover that is coming across the Atlantic, thanks to the White House’s refusal to drill, is inevitable.
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An important component of my recent paper (previous post) on imaging protist (micro-eukaryotes) communities is a classifier that classifies each individual object into one of 155 classes. These classes are organized hierarchically, so that the first level corresponds to living/non-living object; then, if living, classifies it into phyla, and so on. This is the graphical representation we have in the paper:
Using a large training set (>18,000), we built a classifier capable of classifying objects into one these 155 classes with >82%.
What is the ML architecture we use? In the end, we use the traditional system: we compute many features and use a random forest trained on the full 155 classes. Why a random forest?
A random forest should be the first thing you try on a supervised classification problem (and perhaps also the last, lest you overfit). I did spent a few weeks trying different variations on this idea and none of them beat this simplest possible system. Random forests are also very fast to train (especially if you have a machine with many cores, as each tree can be learned independently).
As usual, the features were where the real work went. A reviewer astutely asked whether we really needed so many features (we compute 480 of them). The answer is yes. Even when selecting just the best features (which we wouldn’t know apriori, but let’s assume we had an oracle), it seems that we really do need a lot of features:
(This is Figure 3 — supplement 4: https://elifesciences.org/articles/26066/figures#fig3s4sdata1)
What about Deep Learning? Could we have used CNNs? Maybe, maybe not. We have a fair amount of data (>18,000 labeled samples), but some of the classes are not as well represented (in the pie chart above, the width of the classes represents how many objects are in the training set). A priori, it’s not clear it would have helped much.
Also, we may already be at the edge of what’s possible. Accuracy above 80% is already similar to human performance (unlike some of the more traditional computer vision problems, where humans perform with almost no mistakes and computers had very high error rates prior to the neural network revolution).
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Iranian Foreign Minister Urges Deal at Upcoming Talks
Iranian Foreign Ministry officials have confirmed weekend speculation that they have resumed the conversion of uranium into reactor fuel, a move which will keep their stockpile from growing in the near term.
Most of Iran’s enrichment is to 3.5 percent, meant for its power plant in Bushehr, while a smaller amount is produced to the 20 percent level. This 20 percent uranium, still far short of the 90-plus percent needed for weapons, has Western officials condemning Iran, but it is the level needed for fuel for the Tehran Research Reactor (TRR).
The TRR was built by the United States in the late 1960s, and the aging reactor produces materially all of the medical isotopes in Iran. Iran has struggled to acquire fuel from abroad for the reactor, and has instead made several attempts of varying success to replicate the fuel rods.
Once the uranium is converted into the rods it is effectively useless for further enrichment, and out of the “stockpile” equation. Iran’s continued use of its civilian enriched uranium for civilian purposes has kept the stockpile from growing to the levels predicted by Israel, though officials have hinted they believe this use in and of itself is some sort of trick.
With the “stockpile” issue once again revealed as illusory, the Foreign Ministry also urged Western nations to approach the upcoming talks scheduled for later this month to negotiate a settlement on Iran’s civilian program.
Last 5 posts by Jason Ditz
- US: Kurdish Troops Will Be Involved in Invading ISIS Capital of Raqqa - October 26th, 2016
- Iraqi Offensive South of Mosul Stalls as ISIS Resistance Grows - October 26th, 2016
- At Least 37 Killed in Yemen Fighting Since Ceasefire's End - October 26th, 2016
- US Abstains From UN Vote Against Cuba Embargo - October 26th, 2016
- Israel: Ancient Papyrus Proves Jerusalem Belongs to Israel - October 26th, 2016
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Question: Could a crash like this happen again?
Justin Fox: Financial markets get nutty. They have bubbles, they crash. That’s part of capitalism. It’s been there from the very beginnings: since financial capitalism started. And sometimes bubbles and crashes are big economic disasters. Sometimes they’re not, and we look back at them somewhat fondly—like the dotcom bubble. It left some in infrastructure in place. It left a lot of people with skills, and startup companies in place. Definitely, there was a hangover, but it wasn’t an economic disaster. When you think about it, the real reason why is because that was not a bubble built on debt—it was a bubble built on people’s expectation and fantasies, or what this companies would be worth—but they were putting equity into it, putting cash into it [when] there was no promise that they’d get it back. And so when they didn’t get it back, they didn’t get it back.
When you build a bubble upon debt, like we did in housing, it leads to this much more difficult situation, where suddenly all these people thought they’d given money to somebody who is promising to pay them back. And suddenly, a huge percentage of those people can’t pay back because their assets weren’t worth what they paid—anywhere near what they paid—anymore and the economy is struggling. So it’s some link between debt and markets, that’s the problem. So it seems like the most important thing is going for some sort of structure that reduces leverage, especially in boom times.
Question: What foreign countries have better economic regulation than the U.S.?
Justin Fox: Well, it’s been interesting in this crisis. A lot of people have looked at both Canada and, to a large extent, India, and to a lesser extent at countries that just kept their banks from getting in too deep. It’s hard to identify whether there are some structures that made that happen, or if there just happened to be the right regulators in place at the right time. Because one of the things that’s interesting—in the US there’s a lot of talk now like, “We need to break down financial institutions, make them smaller. So it’s okay if they fail.” But you look at Canada, which has been very successful at navigating this financial crisis, there they’ve got basically four or five banks that matter. They’re all too big to fail from a Canadian perspective. And yet things worked fine.
Economically speaking, I would say the Scandinavian countries have this wonderful balance of providing a safety net, but at the same time understanding that they are competing in the global economy: you need to have a tax system and other things that are competitive. So at that level, I’d say those are great examples. In terms of financial regulation, I just don’t know. I mean, one of the things all of us funded to the US complain about is how we got a zillion different banking regulatory agencies and they are all sometimes cross-purposed and things fall between the cracks. But then, the UK has a universal regulator that is in charge of every financial system. And they’re the other country that did the worst in this crisis along with us. So I don’t see any obvious model other than people doing their job better, as they did in the few countries like Canada and India.
Question: How will banking in the U.S. change as a result of the crisis?
Justin Fox: A lot of people say that we seem to be moving in the direction of having a smaller group of even bigger banks dominating our financial system. And maybe a couple of years down the road, that will start to change, and [we’ll] decide that it’s too unwieldy to have Bank of America and Merrill Lynch, and start breaking [them] up, and that would partly solve the problem.
I think part of it has been remembering a lesson that was learned in the 30’s and since have been forgotten, which is that if you want to have a banking system that doesn’t collapse every few years, you need to have a government role in it. People have looked nostalgically back to the 19th century where there were rashes of bank failures all the time. On the flip side of that, you [had] far less finance and a much less developed financial system, and [it was] much harder to get financing to start companies to buy houses, to do whatever else. So you could have that kind of system where everybody is just used to failure every few years, but then you probably have a smaller economy [with] much less lending over all.
So I think there has been this understanding by a lot of interesting people on the conservative side. Richard Posner, the federal judge in Chicago and law professor, is the most obvious example. We realize that there’s a reason for bank regulation. There’s a reason why we have it. There’s a reason why we keep banks from taking certain risks. So I think that’s back, and people understands that’s what we’ve got to see looking forward, because what happened over the past 20 years is that banks per se were still restricted from taking risk.
Then, even before Glass Stengal was repealed in 1999, subsidiaries of bank holding companies were allowed to engage in all these really risky behaviors. And I think now there’s this understanding that, “Okay, [what] all these other people were doing is—if it involves lending, it’s basically banking, and it should probably subject to the same set of rules that we had before.” So I guess the big difference is there’s been a reaffirmation that there is a reason for banking regulation, and there has been this realization that all these things that didn’t call themselves banks actually were banks and are subject to the same risks and runs that banks were and therefore we need to think differently how to regulate them.
Recorded on: June 30, 2009
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Welcome to Hyperion Records, an independent British classical label devoted to presenting high-quality recordings of music of all styles and from all periods from the twelfth century to the twenty-first.
Hyperion offers both CDs, and downloads in a number of formats. The site is also available in several languages.
Please use the dropdown buttons to set your preferred options, or use the checkbox to accept the defaults.
All of the music on this album is also available as part of the specially priced box set: ‘This is an archive of glorious Lieder singing as much as it is a definitive treasury of the greatest Lieder ever composed’ (The Guardian).
Taking musical stock of the year 1815 is rather awe-inspiring, for it was one of the most productive in Schubert’s life. He wrote about 150 songs, four operas, two symphonies, two Masses and various pieces of liturgical music, as well as dances and sonata movements for piano, and a string quartet. A fuller account of the creative chronology is given in the opening essays of Volumes 7 and 10 of the Schubert Edition which like this disc and the forthcoming Volume 22 are devoted to the songs of this celebrated annus mirabilis. The actual documents relating to the year are rather scanty, however, and when one pages through both Deutsch’s Documentary Biography and Thematic Catalogue one has the impression that the composer was almost too busy composing to have a life of his own.
Not even a genius is spared the normal traumas of being eighteen – old enough to have one’s own ideas (something of an understatement in this case!) yet lacking the financial independence to live alone and in the manner of one’s choosing. An eighteen-year-old boy often lacks the experience of life to make mature decisions (this was obviously Schubert’s father’s viewpoint) and the domestic conflict about whether young Franz should pursue music as his career must have been heated and, knowing something of the father’s temper, uncomfortable. Not that the home in the Säulengasse lacked music. Far from it. Since 1814 there had been weekly music practices in the Schubert household with dances and orchestral music arranged for strings. Schubert senior was an enthusiastic amateur musician and the young composer’s self-discipline, indeed the fact that he had been trained in music at all, owed much to the father’s efforts in Franz’s formative years. The young composer had had an astonishing success the year before with the F major Mass performed on 16 October 1814 (two days before Gretchen am Spinnrade was written) in the Lichtental church. On that auspicious occasion the great Antonio Salieri, Schubert’s teacher, sat proudly in the audience, but despite all the praise which Franz had received it seems that the father was by no means convinced that his son could make a living out of music. As far as Schubert senior was concerned, ambitions to be a full-time composer were pure fantasy; he thought that Franz should temper his musical ambitions to the harsh exigencies of reality. In any case the aspiring composer was needed in the school; it was expensive to hire assistant teachers from outside.
With this background of hack routine work in the schoolroom it is astonishing that the year yielded so much music. It is hardly surprising that some of the most productive days for songs fell in the period of the summer holidays, though we may never know which works were written actually in the classroom (surely some of them?) while the children were working away at tasks rather less sublime, rendered worse by the stilted teaching techniques of the age and no doubt by the composer’s lack of enthusiasm. Despite this handicap, or perhaps because of it, Schubert seems to have been driven by a need to express himself in this year more than in any other. Perhaps he was trying to show his father that he was destined to be a musician after all, but it is rather more likely that he was merely responding to The Muse who expected far more of him than of those less favoured by her gifts. The models of Mozart and Beethoven, one a legend from the past, the other no less legendary but living proof that one man could master all musical mediums, were fixed as lodestars in his aspiring gaze. The composer was actually flexing his muscles and testing his powers: he was in the process of discovering who Schubert really was. The successes of 1814, including Gretchen am Spinnrade and many other fine songs (see Volume 12), were far more than flashes in the pan. They were a prelude to a sequence of on-going musical fireworks. Here was a young man greeting his destiny, and (despite his modesty) glorying in his power to render his epoch immortal. The volcano of music which erupted in the Säulengasse poured the lava of inspiration on top of the citizens of Vienna (who were as unconcerned and unsuspecting as those of Pompeii) and fixed the numbers 1815 in letters of fire in the annals of musical history. Much of this blazing heat was to do with the natural phenomenon of adolescence. Schubert was a teenager in love. We are told that Therese Grob, soprano in the church choir and baker’s daughter, was the object of his affections, but however deeply he felt for Therese it is certain that Schubert was in love with Love, a state of mind that was to last throughout his life. Even when there was no special recipient (or at least no one known to us) for the feelings which some of his friends disapprovingly tell us were turbulently sexual and somewhat ungovernable, Schubert seems to have been forever in a state of heightened amorous sensibility. The urges which are unquenchable in a lively eighteen-year-old were strictly restrained by religious and social conventions. This left only Schubert’s mind free to roam where it would. And roam it did, aided and abetted by poets great and small, and using music as the most potent means to press a passionate suit in which he became a spokesman for lovers of all time, and of both sexes. To steal Shakespeare’s description of Autolycus in The Winter’s Tale, the composer ‘hath songs for man, or woman, of all sizes; no milliner can so fit his customers with gloves’.
Much has been written about Schubert’s private circumstances and his relationship with his father and his friends. Because of the paucity of documentary evidence in this year much remains speculation. But there is something about Vienna in 1815 which is incontrovertible and which has to be taken into account when listening to the music recorded on this disc. War was still very much on everybody’s mind; the city was on a war footing for a part of the year at least, military marches (and thus the music for them) were commonplace in public areas, and it was the last time for many decades that everyone was an unquestioning patriot. Most people knew, or knew of, someone who had been part of the fray. As we shall see, Schubert was no exception. As a twelve-year-old in 1809 he had experienced the panic of his home city’s being occupied by the French. In 1813 the citizens greeted the news of the victory against Napoleon in Leipzig (known as ‘The Battle of the Nations’) with delirious rapture. In 1814 Napoleon’s abdication and exile to Elba prompted the Congress of Vienna and a false sense of security. Between 20 March and 28 June 1815 however (the so-called ‘Hundred Days’ leading up to Napoleon’s final rout at Waterloo) the whole of Europe was once again on tenterhooks fearing that Boney was capable of returning successfully, as it were, from the dead.
The spirit of the poet Theodor Körner, who died of war wounds at a skirmish in 1813 (biography and portrait on page 9 of the booklet accompanying Volume 4) animates all the warlike and drinking songs on this disc. However romantic and brave a soldier young Körner actually was, the posthumous publication of his collection of poems Leyer und Schwert in 1814 made him, in John Reed’s words, the Rupert Brooke of his generation. Schubert certainly treated him as a real hero, one might almost say of the picture-book variety, when setting his words to music. But Körner’s significance in the composer’s life was greater than hero-worship at a distance: he had played an important part in Schubert’s own battle to be a composer by encouraging him, on a memorable evening in 1811, following an opera performance in Vienna, to ‘live for art’ as Josef von Spaun put it in his memoirs. Thus Körner was not only someone to admire but someone who could be counted, even if only in the most distant way, a friend. It is hardly surprising, given this combination of patriotic fellow-feeling and the romance of personal contact, that the composer was inspired to play the part of purveyor of music for heroes. The Körner war songs and choruses seem designed for popular appeal and mass performance. They often contain scarcely any trace of Schubert the sensitive tone-poet and master of modulation, and we should try to understand why. They were written in response to that side of the composer’s nature which aspired to the ultra-masculine and hearty, signs of a desire to embrace the popular and rabble-rousing which emerged from time to time in Schubert’s work right until the end of his life. The composer’s admirers of today who may attempt to define what is quintessentially ‘Schubertian’ about his music would hardly nominate the Körner choruses as typical or worthy of praise. But it is a failure to understand Schubert if one cannot accept his debt to Beethoven (the tub-thumping Beethoven of Wellingtons Sieg, as well as the glories of the symphonies and Fidelio) as much as Mozart. We should also not underestimate the pressures put on him by other people, his father chief among them, to conform to the standard masculine ideals. He was too short to qualify for military service, and too rotund to be happy with physical exercise, much less feats of bravery; his military music written when he was still young enough not to be able to see through the illusions of war may represent a type of wish-fulfilment fantasy – as if the composer had been born as tall, brave and handsome as Franz von Schober for example, whom Schubert first met in 1815. The unlikely friendship between great composer and dilettante poet (perhaps the most intense of all Schubert’s relationships for which the brief friendship with Körner may have been a prototype) has always puzzled Schubertians. I believe it is hardly surprising that the composer, patronised by many people because he was short and tubby, must have wished at times to modulate out of his body and exchange it for a well-toned and athletic one with sharp definition and a flat stomach – the key to all that he might have been if he had looked like a Shelley or Byron rather than a mushroom (Schubert’s friends nicknamed him ‘Schwämmerl’ or ‘little mushroom’ because of his shape). The aggressive soldier-boy of the Leyer und Schwert settings is Schubert himself as an adolescent Walter Mitty. Such stereotypes give rise to the music which suits them best, which may explain why Schubert’s patriotic songs and choruses of 1815 lack originality and the stamp of his own well-rounded greatness.
The war music which is wonderful however is that at one remove, inspired by bereavement and loss. Many fine young men, apart from Theodor Körner, had died during those dreadful years of war, and Schubert’s respect for the fallen and grief for the slain produced a number of elegies of simple but grave beauty. It also seems likely that he was first attracted to the work of the Gaelic bard Ossian by three grandiose laments for dead heroes (Kolmas Klage, Ossians Lied nach dem Falle Nathos and Das Mädchen von Inistore) with sentiments which had a special significance for the bereaved victors of the Napoleonic wars.
After 1815 the music rehearsals which had regularly taken place in the Schubert schoolhouse moved to the home of Franz Frischling in the Dorotheagasse. The musical gatherings which had been part of the Schubert family life were beginning to outgrow their humble beginnings. As the composer became ever more determined to leave home, so did he wean himself from music-making at home under the parental eye. There is no documentary evidence that his father and stepmother attended the great Schubertiads of the 1820s, and it is likely that they would have felt out of place in the ever-growing and increasingly elevated social scope of their son’s circle of friendship. Times were changing and Schubert’s music with them. Once the danger of Napoleon was over, the government of Austria looked within the state (and at student intellectuals in particular) for its enemies. The spectre of the French Revolution haunted the conservative rulers of Europe and the younger generations paid the price. Although Schubert was fortunate enough to pass the years of his manhood at a time of general European peace, it was peace bought at the price of stultification and repression. There is everything of the shiny-eyed political innocent about the composer in 1815 before Metternich created the police state which was to attempt to fetter the intellectual development of Schubert’s generation. The composer belonged to a group of young men who were intellectually curious and healthily anti-establishment, and along with his friends he had to struggle to hold his tongue and hide his heart during a particularly vicious backlash against freedom of behaviour and expression. Once he had become an intimate of the poet and reluctant book censor Mayrhofer, we find no more war songs about the Fatherland, no more glorying in the bravery of the sword. Only two years later, in 1817, we find in the texts Schubert set a nostalgia for the civilization of the ancient Greeks which became an emblematic contrast to the political and philosophical crudities of the Austrian present. The songs of that period (see Volume 14) show us a composer of a very different set of values. Schubert grew out of Körner’s Leyer und Schwert with its mixture of patriotism and religion; the strong connection between church and state at the time made both these things problematic for him and many of his contemporaries. Körner wrote these poems as a man defending his homeland against aggression, but such stirring sentiments are all too easily invoked by aggressors of another age for their own less noble purposes. This is why such revivals of the nationalism of the past (and 20th-century history makes German jingoism resound more ominously than most) make for a feeling of unease among many people. It is very likely that invited to the ‘Last Night of the Proms’ the mature Schubert would not have cared much for the words of Land of Hope and Glory, but had he heard them in 1815 he would certainly have been on the side of Austria’s most powerful ally.
Graham Johnson © 1994
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The new European regulation on personal data will become officially applicable in May 2018. The regulation, which complements and strengthens a European directive from 1995, guarantees unprecedented rights for citizens, including the right to be forgotten, the right to data portability, and the right to be informed of security failures in the event of a breach involving personal data… But for these measures to be effective, companies in the data sector will have to be in agreement. However, they have little time to comply with this new legislation that, for most companies, will require major organizational changes. Failure to make these changes will expose them to the risk of heavy sanctions.
With very little media coverage, the European Union adopted the new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) on April 27, 2016. Yet this massive piece of legislation, featuring 99 articles, includes plenty of issues that should arouse the interest of European citizens. Because, starting on May 25, 2018, when the regulation becomes officially applicable in the Member States, users of digital services will acquire new rights: the right to be forgotten, in the form of a right to be dereferenced, an increased consideration of their consent to use or not use their personal data, increased transparency on the use of this data… And the two-year period, from the moment the regulation was adopted to the time of its application, is intended to enable companies to adapt to these new constraints.
However, despite this deferment period, Claire Levallois-Barth, coordinator of the IMT chair Values and policies of personal information (VPIP) assures us that “two years is a very short period”. The legal researcher bases this observation on the work she has carried out among the companies she interviewed. Like many stakeholders in the world of digital technology, they find themselves facing new concepts introduced by the GDPR. Starting in 2018, for example, they must ensure their customers’ right to data portability. Practically speaking, each user of a digital service will have the option of taking his or her personal data to a competitor, and vice versa.
Two years does not seem very long for establishing structures that will enable customers to exercise this right to data portability. Because, although the regulation intends to ensure this possibility, it does not set concrete procedures for accomplishing this: “therefore, it is first necessary to understand what is meant, in practical terms, by a company ensuring its customers’ right to data portability, and then define the changes that must be made, not only in technical terms, but also in organizational terms, including the revision of current procedures and even the creation of new procedures,” explains Claire Levallois-Barth.
The “privacy by design” concept, which is at the very heart of the GDPR, and symbolizes this new way of thinking about personal data protection in Europe, is just as restricting for organizations. It requires the integration of all of the principles that govern the use of personal data (principles of purpose, proportionality, duration of data storage, transparency…) in advance, beginning at the design phase for a product or service. Furthermore, the regulation is now based on the principle of responsibility, which implies that the company itself must be able to prove that it respects this legislation by keeping updated proof of its compliance. The design phases for products and services, as well as the procedures for production and use must therefore be revised in order to establish internal governance procedures for personal data. According to Claire Levallois-Barth, “for the most conscientious companies, the first components of this new governance were presented to the executive committee before the summer of 2016.”
Being informed before being ready
While some companies are in a race against time, others are facing problems that are harder to overcome. During the VPIP Chair Day held last November 25th, dedicated to the Internet of things, Yann Padova, the Commissioner specializing in personal data protection at the French Energy Regulatory Commission (CRE), warned that “certain companies do not yet know how to implement the new GDPR regulations.” Not all companies have access to the skills required for targeting the organizational levers that must be established.
For example, the GDPR mentions the requirement, in certain cases, for a company that collects or processes users’ data, to name a Data Protection Officer (DPO). This expert will have the role of advising the data controller—in other words, the company—to ensure that it respects the new European regulation. But depending on the organization of major groups, some SMEs will only play a subcontracting role in data processing: must they also be prepared to name a DPO? The companies are therefore faced with the necessity of quickly responding to many questions, and clear-cut answers do not always exist. And another reality is even more problematic: some companies are not at all informed of the contents of the GDPR.
Yann Padova points out that before they can be ready, companies must be aware of the challenges. Yet he recognizes that he “does not see many government actions in France that explain the coming regulations.” Joining him to discuss this subject on November 25, lawyer Denise Lebeau-Marianna—in charge of personal data protection matters at the law firm of Baker & McKenzie—confirmed this lack of information, and not only in France. She cited a study on companies’ readiness for the GDPR that was carried out by Dimensional Research and published in September 2016. Out of 821 IT engineers and company directors in the data sector, 31% had heard about the GDPR, but were not familiar with its contents, and 18% had never heard of it.
Without sufficient preparation, companies will face risks… and sanctions
For Claire Levallois-Barth, it seems obvious that with all of these limits, not all companies will comply with all aspects of the GDPR by 2018. So, what will happen then? “The GDPR encourages companies to implement protection measures that correspond to the risk level their personal data processing activities present. It is therefore up to companies to quantify and assess this risk. They then must eliminate, or at least reduce the risks in some areas, bearing in mind that the number of data processing operations is in the tens or even hundreds for some companies,” she explains. What will these areas be? That depends on each company, what it offers its users and its ability to adapt within two years.
And if these companies are not able to comply with the regulations in time, they will be subject to potential sanctions. One of the key points of the GDPR is an increase in fines for digital technology stakeholders that do not comply with their obligations, especially regarding user rights. In France, the CNIL could previously impose a maximum penalty of €150,000 before the Law for a Digital Republic increased this amount to €3 million. But the GDPR, a European regulation with direct application, will repeal this part of French regulation in May 2018, imposing penalties of up to €20 million euros or 4% of a company’s total annual worldwide turnover.
The new European Committee for data protection—currently called G29—will be in charge of organizing this regulation. This organization, which combines all of the European Union CNILs, has just published its first three notices on the regulation issues that require clarification, including portability and the DPO. This should remove some areas of uncertainty surrounding the GDPR, the biggest of which remains the question of the GDPR’s real, long-term effectiveness.
Because, although in theory the regulation proposed by the EU is aimed at better protecting users’ personal data in our digital environment, and at simplifying administrative procedures, many points still seem unclear. “Until the regulation has come into effect and the European Commission has published the implementing acts presenting the regulation, it will be very difficult to tell whether the protection for citizens will truly be reinforced,” Claire Levallois-Barth concludes.
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The recently elected right-wing National Action Party (PAN), led by president-elect Vicente Fox, has a disturbing history of hostility towards women's human rights. In the PAN-controlled state Chihuahua, PAN legislators repealed clauses that allowed abortion in circumstances where the women were raped or where their lives were in danger. Elsewhere, in Ciudad Juarez, a city within Chihuahua, more than 100 young women have been raped and killed in the past six years that PAN has been in power - with little legislative or judicial action being taken. Local NGOs charge that Fox's "indifference" towards women and his strong ties with the Catholic Church will threaten the family planning programs and birth control used by over 11 million Mexican women.
Media Resources: Inter Press Service, 10 July 2000
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Víctor Hugo Robles remembers feeling minimal next to the monumental images of Commander Che Guevara all over the Arcis University campus where he studied journalism in the early 1990s. Having spawned an iconic poster and taken on a life of its own, Che's image had become both a fashionable de-politicized logo as well as a potent anti-establishment symbol used by a wide spectrum of human rights movements and individuals affirming their own liberation.1 Robles experienced an untamable desire to contaminate the figure that loomed over the university's counter-cultural scene. His first intervention into el Comandante's image was to apply lipstick to a graffiti depiction of the guerrillero located in Arcis. Soon thereafter, a peculiar character with a black beret and a starfish walked onto the Chilean public stage.
Víctor Hugo's public persona "el Che de los gays" emerged as a politicized, performative character bent on provoking the "establishment"-from government agencies to established left-wing and LGBT organizations.2 Specifically, Robles chose to incarnate the intersection of homosexuality and politics to draw attention to the devastating effects of HIV/AIDS in Chile as well as Chilean society's haunting fear of contagion.
"Escogí la figura del Che porque es la máxima metáfora del revolucionario contemporáneo y al asumir parte de su figura representacional (estrella, boina y actitud guerrillera), busco politizar la homosexualidad y/o homosexualizar la política, demostrando que es posible ser homosexual y ser revolucionario; ser homosexual y ser de izquierda; ser homosexual y luchar por los cambios y la transformación de la sociedad." (Oquendo-Villar 2009)
["I chose the figure of Che because it is the maximum metaphor for the contemporary revolutionary. By assuming part of his representational figure (star, beret and guerrilla stance), I sought to politicize homosexuality and/or homosexualize politics, demonstrating that it is possible to be homosexual and to be revolutionary; to be homosexual and to be a leftist; to be homosexual and fight for change and the transformation of society."]
Víctor Hugo's decision to use the image of Che Guevara to challenge the separation between homosexuality and revolution places his performance in a unique position, given that many gay rights activists and intellectuals consider Che Guevara a homophobic figure within the Cuban Revolution (see Bejel, 2001). In Gay Cuban Nation, Emilio Bejel refers to che Guevara as "one of the staunchest homophobic leaders of the revolutionary period" (Bejel 2001: 100). Despite the UMAPs (forced labor camps to rehabilitate "anti-social" people, including gays in Cuba), Víctor Hugo remains a loyal defender of the Cuban Revolution. During his most recent visit to the island, Mariela Castro, Cuba's leading sexologist and director of the National Center for Sexual Education (who also happens to be the daughter of the Cuban leader, Raúl Castro), officially sanctioned Víctor Hugo's impersonation of che by stating that "if che were alive, he would be supporting our cause" (Robles 2008).
A media savvy activist and performance artist, Robles has a keen understanding of the power of polemic to draw media coverage of his interventions in, and disruption of, protest demonstrations and public acts. As illustrated in the accompanying gallery and interview, throughout the 1990s El che de los gays engaged in numerous acts of improvised yet calculated interruption-contamination-of political events, deploying his agendas through a performatively parasitic relationship with other causes in the public sphere. Whether taking a critical stance or expressing support, his actions and movements always require other actions and movements, underscoring both the relational and intersectional nature of his demands. Among his many acts, we find: his striptease at the official May Day event of the National Workers Federation in 1998; throwing water labeled AZT (the first HIV medication) at a renowned television celebrity and artist at a 1997 anti-censorship event (from which he was subsequently thrown out); breaking a statue of the Vírgen del Carmen, patron saint of the Chilean army, as part of a political performance against former dictator Pinochet's political immunity; occupying MOVILH headquarters to boycott the exclusion of the Chilean transgender community in elections endorsed by the gay movement during the campaign for the 1996 municipal elections; and wearing a white scarf in allusion to the grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo during the 2000 Gay Pride parade. A practicing journalist, Víctor Hugo thus used mass media outlets to draw attention to LGBT demands and to disseminate and multiply the impact of his political message. Robles' mediatized interventions acquired a political potency and permanence that was a key component of the performances themselves.
However, Robles's media-friendly appearances were often not welcomed by political groups organizing the events, regardless of their ideological inclination or Robles's endorsement of their cause. Such was the case of Viviana Díaz, Vice President of the Agrupación de Familiares de Detenidos Desaparecidos, who reacted negatively to Víctor Hugo's shattering of the statue of the Vírgen del Carmen, which she criticized publically. Similarly, when Víctor Hugo publically presented communist leader and presidential candidate Gladys Marín with a presidential sash, her campaign director, Tomás Moulian noted the resistance of older militant communists who felt they were witnessing "the installation of Sodom and Gomorrah in the Party" (Oquendo-Villar 2009). Other organizers have also feared the disruption and contamination of their political message by Victor Hugo's irreverent interventions at press conferences, book fairs, rallies, and official appearances of international personalities visiting Chile. When Danielle Mitterand was speaking at a Congress of the Socialist Party, for instance, Víctor Hugo interrupted the event carrying a Chilean flag with a hole. The hole represented the lack of lesbian, homosexual, and transgender participation in Chilean politics.
Dressed as Che, Víctor Hugo has joined a long list of che Guevara impersonators including, most notably, Omar Sharif, Antonio Banderas, Madonna, Cher and, more recently, Gael García Bernal and Benicio del Toro.3 Yet, unlike the Hollywood stars that glamorously impersonated Guevara, Víctor Hugo's trademark guerrillero look had a specific queer left-wing political agenda and, though seduced by the combatant image of che,4 drew on the image of a deceased and defeated Che Guevara best captured by Bolivian photographer Freddy Alborta's iconic photo of the dead Che. According to sociologist Tomás Moulian, Víctor Hugo's performance directly referenced that defeated Che:
"Tiene un aspecto desvalido, no puede representar a che de la carabina, entonces, él representa un cierto Che, el Che de la derrota y él usa las imágenes de la derrota. Yo creo que se inspira en el che muerto, entonces, es un gesto interesante, es un gesto descolocante, que se vincula más al che patético, el patetismo del profeta desarmado, al profeta semiarmado. El no representa el realismo, sino que el idealismo, el gesto. Es alguien que busca el poder abandonándolo, hay algo en la figura misma de Víctor Hugo Robles que le permite jugar bien ese papel, y donde se une la simbología cristiana con la simbología política, entonces yo creo que es una performance interesante, muy interesante." (In El Che de los gays, 2005)
[He has a helpless appearance; he cannot represent the Che of the carbine rifle; he represents a certain Che, the defeated Che, and he uses images of defeat. I believe he is inspired by the dead Che, therefore, it is an interesting gesture, a disconsolate gesture, that links him more to the pathetic Che, the pathetic quality of a disarmed prophet, a semi-armed prophet. He does not represent realism but rather idealism, the gesture. He is someone who looks for power by abandoning it; there is something in the very figure of Víctor Hugo Robles that allows him to act this role well, a role in which Christian symbolism mingles with political symbolism, thus I think this is a very, very interesting performance.]
Víctor Hugo distorted Che's image by irreverently mixing it with other culturally sacred and defeated figures such as the Abuelas de Plaza Mayo, Salvador Allende, and Gladys Marín. Reflecting on his use of tormented figures, Robles states:
"Utilizo imágenes utópicas, desvalidas, castigadas, agonizantes y dolientes de profetas cruzados por la política y la cristiandad que no conquistaron poder institucional, sino más bien dejaron un mensaje de esperanza, de búsqueda de cambios y transformación. Las utilizo porque busco asimilarlas con las figuras desvalidas y sufrientes de homosexuales contemporáneos con derechos no garantizados, travestis contemporáneos golpeados, asesinados y de lesbianas de hoy estigmatizadas por el sistema. Más que levantar una imagen de orgullo y de gay feliz, intento mostrar la imagen discriminada y estigmatizada de la figura del homosexual en tanto sujeto distorsionado y peligro para el orden social heterosexual." (Oquendo-Villar 2009)
[I use utopian images of prophets who are destitute, punished, in agony and pain, prophets crossed by politics and Christianity who did not gain institutional power, but rather who left a message of hope, of the search for change and transformation. I use those images because I seek to assimilate them to the destitute, suffering figures of contemporary homosexuals who have no guaranteed rights, contemporary transvestites who are beaten and murdered, lesbians who are stigmatized by the system. More than raising a proud image of the happy gay, I intend to show the discriminated and stigmatized image of the homosexual as distorted subject and threat to the heterosexual social order.]
Header photo: Juan Catepillan
Carmen Oquendo-Villar (Harvard Ph.D) is the Jacob Javits Fellow at New York University's Kanbar Institute of Film and Television in Tisch School of the Arts, where she is continuing her filmmaking training, and at the Hemispheric Institute of Performance and Politics, where she serves as film curator. She has published academic articles on diverse cultural fields including film, narrative, performance studies, media and politics, and gender and sexuality in several scholarly publications including E-misférica: Performance and Politics in the Americas, Revista: Harvard Review of Latin America, and Memory Market in Latin America, a forthcoming book from Duke University Press. She is completing a book on Chile's 1973 Coup as a performance and media event, with Augusto Pinochet as its leading political icon. As a visual artist and filmmaker (www.oquendovillar.com), she has focused her work around issues of gender and sexuality, having completed a series of film portraits of members of the Boston and Puerto Rico Latin@ trans community. She is currently working on a documentary with José Correa about beauty ideals and practices amongst the Puerto Rican transgender community. "Trans," her latest curatorial work for the Hemispheric Institute of Performance and Politics, has been exhibited in Space Other Gallery in Boston and in the Centro Cultural Recoleta in Buenos Aires. She is currently curating a film and video program for the 2009 Encuentro in Bogotá about citizenship and cultural rights, after having served for 6 years as part of the Boston Latino International Film Festival's curatorial team.
Charlton, Hannah. 2006 "Introduction." In Ziff, Trisha, ed. 2006. Che Guevara: Revolutionary and Icon. New York: Abrams Image.
Bejel, Emilio. 2001. Gay Cuban Nation. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
El Che de los gays. 2005. Dir. Arturo Alvarez. Escuela de la Universidad Arcis, Santiago de Chile.
Hernández-Reguant, Ariana. 2004. "Copyrighting Che: Art and Authorship under Cuban Late Socialism." Public Culture 16, 1: 1-29.
Oquendo-Villar, Carmen. 2009. Interview with Víctor Hugo Robles. 15 April. Santiago de Chile.
Robles, Víctor Hugo. 2008 Bandera hueca. Historia del movimiento homosexual de Chile. Santiago: ARCIS /Cuarto Propio.
______. 2009. Toda la Justicia (Revolución en la revolución). Una entrevista a Mariela Castro Espin. February. Havana, Cuba. El Che de los Gays. Accessed 29 June 2009.
Sutherland, Juan Pablo. 2002 A corazón abierto: geografía literaria de la homosexualidad en Chile. Santiago: Editorial Sudamericana.
Ziff, Trisha, ed. 2006. Che Guevara: Revolutionary and Icon. New York: Abrams Image.
1 Having gone through a process of "poster-ization" the image of Che Guevara has taken on a life of its own distinct from the legendary hero's actual life story and ideological beliefs. For a survey of the international transformation of Che Guevara's image see Ziff (2006). For an account of its transformation in Cuba, see Hernández-Reguant (2004).
2 Chile's LGBT movement, MOVILH (Movimiento de Liberación Homosexual de Chile,) to which Víctor Hugo belonged, opposed Pinochet's dictatorship, even as left-wing political movements tacitly excluded queer folk. For a history of the LGBT movement in Chile, see Sutherland (2002) and Robles (2008).
3 For an extensive list of Che Guevara impersonators see Ziff (2006).
4 Korda's image of Che Guevara has been reproduced more than images of the Mona Lisa, Christ, Marilyn Monroe, or the Beatles. See Charlton (2006: 7).
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After an absence of several years, suppliers are refocusing on the water, wastewater and utilities spaces. Companies all over North America are replacing, upgrading and repairing infrastructure that was built in the 1970s and 1980s and migrating to new control systems, data historians and entire existing systems (see the article “Water Works” on p. 52 of this issue).
They’ll Come Back!
High energy prices will continue to bolster the oil-and-gas sector and refining. While $3.00 per gallon gasoline is certain to return in the coming months because demand globally and in North America continues to outstrip supply. Biofuels and alternative energy will provide additional revenue for automation suppliers and jobs for automation professionals. And wonder of wonders, the nuclear power generation industry has gotten off its deathbed. Several new projects are either in the planning or permitting stage in North America for the first time in nearly thirty years.
The big cloud on the horizon is the consistent prediction by many financial analysts of a recession, possibly a deep one, beginning in 2008. Some analysts are predicting that this may last two to three years, depending on the geopolitical situation, among other factors. The current economic rising tide has lifted all the automation suppliers, but a prolonged recession may show us whose boats are leaky and whose are not.
You Mean We Have to Justify This?
Manufacturing automation systems gradually have been integrated into business systems for some time now. Automation purchase criteria are increasingly driven by business value propositions and the projected impact on bottom-line growth. Touting expected automatic productivity or growth gains to justify new or upgraded systems is not enough. Now the suits want to see how automation plans mesh with overall corporate goals.
We are seeing a fundamental change in the theory of tuning systems and plants.
From the earliest days of automation, control loops and machine cycles have been continuously optimized—the goal is to get each loop or each machine cycle to perform to at its best. Unfortunately, at the ERP and MES layers, it may be necessary to de-tune a plant or a process train or manufacturing line to bring the output in line with the overarching goals of the enterprise. This has taken some automation professionals and even some supplier companies by surprise. The idea that downtuning may be a desirable goal is still taking some time to sink in.
The Wireless Cloud: Standards Sorta
With asset availability overtaking loop performance as one of the most important issues in automation, it has not escaped anybody’s notice that there are already over 20 million devices installed with HART communications onboard. This is why more than 20 companies displayed prototype HART wireless devices, including wireless upgrade kits for existing HART transmitters, while those same companies and others are in a knife fight over ISA’s attempt to create a single industrial wireless standard, SP100. Depending on which side of that battle you’re on, you either see the existing HART installed base as “low-hanging fruit” or a real opportunity to open up the number of sensors and the amount of data from existing sensors that plant operators can access and use to make decisions on how best to run their plants.
Whether the rest of the wireless cloud—plant security, wireless workers, RFID, geolocation—will be integrated seamlessly into the plant control systems is still in doubt. In fact, some senior end-user engineers have privately expressed doubt that it will happen or that it is even necessary.
And It Just Keeps Going…
The comeback of North American manufacturing after predictions of its demise shows the underlying strength of the NA market. Analysts estimate it will continue to be the largest in the world for at least another 15 years, while China and India take over places two and three, respectively. T
his means that, now that the offshoring and outsourcing trends have burned out over the twin issues of supply-chain unreliability and increasing cost, we can expect a robust North American manufacturing scene for the next few years and, correspondingly, a healthy and growing automation industry.
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For weight loss, many practitioners take the energy balance approach. It's commonly recommended to increase energy (calorie) expenditure and decrease energy (calorie) intake so the body uses stored energy (body fat) to provide the energy that is needed, but not immediately available from food, resulting in a negative energy balance. Since one pound of body fat stores approximately 3,500 calories, it takes a 3,500-calorie deficit to achieve an average weight loss of one pound of body weight. And a 3,500-calorie negative calorie balance could be achieved in one week by:
• Cutting calorie intake by 500 calories per day (7 days x 500 calories = 3,500 calories),
• Increasing physical activity by 500 calories per day, or
• Cutting calorie intake by 250 calories per day and increasing physical activity by 250 calories per day.
Sounds pretty simple, right? Many people argue that it's not that simple and that when people of varying weights, diets, and exercise habits try to change their weight by eating 3,500 fewer calories (or burning them off exercising) it doesn't always result in a pound of weight loss. To address this, researchers at the National Institutes of Health have developed a computer simulation that accounts for metabolic changes among different people to more accurately predict how body weight will change and how long it will likely take to reach weight goals. The online tool simulates how factors such as diet and exercise can alter metabolism over time and lead to changes in weight and body fat.
To test the model, researchers compared predicted weight changes to actual changes in people - of differing genders, ages, heights, and weights. They found that people's bodies adapt slowly to changes in dietary intake. They also found that heavier people can expect greater weight change with the same change in diet, though reaching a stable body weight will take them longer than people with less fat.
Practitioners may find this tool helpful in assisting people with setting realistic goals for amounts of weight to be lost in a given time period as well as determining the changes in eating (calories) and exercise that are required to achieve and maintain a certain goal weight. The researchers who developed this tool emphasize, however, that the tool is for research/clinical use only and is not intended to provide personal medical advice or substitute for the advice of a physician or weight management professional. In fact, the program can run simulations for changes in calories and exercise that would not be recommended for healthy weight loss.
Check it out: http://bwsimulator.niddk.nih.gov/ and let us know what you think!
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The museum was set up in 1951 as the Society's contribution to the Festival of Britain that took place that year. The inventory contains over 4000 items of mainly local historical interest. Many of these items can be seen on display including an extensive collection of "fire marks" and historic coins.
There is also a model which shows how Bridgnorth Castle would have looked around the time of the English Civil War. This model has been made and kindly donated by one of the society's members, Gerry West. A project has been undertaken by Edward Williams, a student of Birmingham City University, to create a 3D image of this model. If you are unable to view the castle in the museum then alternatively you can click here to see the interactive model.
Images and brief descriptions of most of the artifacts can be seen on the museum's web page by clicking here.
Normal opening is from Easter to October. Saturday, Sunday and Wednesday afternoons and also on Bank Holidays from 12:00pm to 3:30pm. Other visits by schools and clubs etc. can be arranged. The museum is maintained and run solely by volunteers from the society membership.
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N00162766.jpg was taken on 2010-09-09 09:51 (PDT) and received on Earth 2010-09-10 17:20 (PDT). The camera was pointing toward Saturn, and the image was taken using the CL1 and CB2 filters. This image has not been validated or calibrated. A validated/calibrated image will be archived with the NASA Planetary Data System
For more information on raw images, checkout our frequently asked questions section.
Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute
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2017-12-1 · 【GRE】GREGRE QR，At least how much money will it cost to fill a rectangular solid pit featuring a length, width and height of 12 feet, 8 feet and 4 inches with 3.5-cubic-feet sized concrete bags that
How Much Does Screed Floor Cost in 2021? Checkatrade
2021-1-22 · Cost . All contractors must likely provide performance bonds to meet contractual requirements. When you are bidding the work, sometimes it is difficult to provide a specific cost that will cover the performance bond unless you
2016-8-10 · With appropriate coination of cementitious materials, adequate sand gradation, and incorporation of fiber reinforcement and high-range water reducer (HRWR), ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) can be produced to deliver high flowability (self-consolidating), mechanical properties, and durability [1, 2].However, high material cost is restricting UHPC’s
Cement screed is the most commonly installed type of screed and averages around £12 per sqm. Anhydrite screed usually costs in the range of £15 – £20 per sqm, mastic asphalt screed averages £7 per sqm and dry screed starts at around £20 per sqm. A detailed overview of the different types of screed and their appliions can be found below.
2022-6-5 · Dry volume = 1.54 × 1 = 1.54 m3. step 2, Cement quantity:- we know that cement density is 1440 kg/m3 and 1 bag cement weight is 50 kg. Quantity of cement = 1/13 × 1.54 m3 × 1440 kg/m3 = 170 kg, no of bag cement for 1m3 m7.5 concrete = 170/50 = 3.4. If rate of cement = INR 400 per bag, then cost of 3.4 bags cement = 3.4 ×400 = INR 1360.
2021-7-14 · Screed Boards. And last but not least, the simplest, cheapest option for screeding concrete – the good ole screed board. Generally made from a nice sharp 2×4, a screed board is the simplest solution for screeding concrete –
6. DNYSYSJ 4 Stroke Gas Concrete Power Screed Motor Commercial Vibration Concrete Wet Screed Cement Road Construction Air-Cooled Engine 35.8cc 1.36HP 7000r/Min. Features : 【Reliable and powerful】 Power screed is ideal for smoothing, leveling, and placing concrete on a horizontal surface.
Cement boards are made from a coination of cement and reinforcing fibres and are high performance, medium density cement bonded particle boards, that offer great strength, stability and provide excellent acoustic properties. 20mm Cellecta Screedboard 20 Dry Screed Panel 1200mm x 600mm (4'' x 2'') (2) £22.49 Inc VAT. £31.24 Per M²
These cement boards are also ideally suited for use on our Profix Systems as an alternative option to self levelling. Tongue and Groove interlocking glued joints – No screws required. Our High density overlay floor boards are ideally suited for underfloor heating and feature a tongue and groove edge detail (no screws) and benefit from high
Ligchine SPIDERSCREED™ drive-in systems are compact, lightweight and manoeuvrable systems for upper deck concrete and ground floor slab screeding appliions. They offer powerful performance, allowing lower slumps and cooler running at all times. Also they incorporate Ligchine’s patented machine levelling system to ensure flatter floors
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Heat can kill
How long does it really take for your car to become a dangerous place to be for a child?
According to the National Weather Service, not too long.
Data from the NWS shows that if the temperature outside is just 80 degrees, on a sunny day, things can go south very quickly.
The National Weather Service says that car can heat to nearly 100° in just about ten minutes...
In 30 minutes, the temperature inside your car, if it is receiving direct sunlight, can reach 114°...
And over a 1 hour period the temp inside your car can reach 123°...
According to data from noheatstroke.org, compiled by Jan Null of San Jose State U., there have already been 11 children who have died in cars this year from heat stroke or "probable heat stroke," in the US.
With temps much higher than this likely in our area, on Friday and throughout the weekend, it's a good idea to keep in mind the dangers of heat stroke. Whether in a car, or out working in the garden, it's a real danger.
Please keep this in mind as we embark on what could be a very long summer.
Chief Meteorologist Darby Bybee
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Excess ectopic fat storage is linked to type 2 diabetes. The importance of dietary fat composition for ectopic fat storage in humans is unknown. We investigated liver fat accumulation and body composition during overfeeding saturated (SFA) or polyunsaturated (PUFA) fat. LIPOGAIN was a double-blind, parallel-group, randomized trial. Thirty-nine young and normal-weight individuals were overfed muffins high in SFA (palm oil) or n-6 PUFA (sunflower oil) for 7 weeks. Liver fat, visceral (VAT), subcutaneous abdominal (SAT), and total adipose tissue (TAT), pancreatic fat, and lean tissue was assessed by MRI. Transcriptomics were performed in SAT. Both groups gained similar weight. SFA however markedly increased liver fat compared with PUFA and caused 2-fold larger increase in VAT than PUFA. Conversely, PUFA caused a nearly 3-fold larger increase in lean tissue than SFA. Increase in liver fat directly correlated with changes in plasma SFA and inversely with PUFA. Genes involved in regulating energy dissipation, insulin resistance, body composition and fat cell differentiation in SAT were differentially regulated between diets, and associated with increased PUFA in SAT. In conclusion, overeating SFA promotes hepatic and visceral fat storage whereas excess energy from PUFA may instead promote lean tissue in healthy humans.
- Received October 20, 2013.
- Accepted February 14, 2014.
- © 2014 by the American Diabetes Association.
Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ for details.
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In this subtracting pennies learning exercise, students count the cents in a set and write the total. Students subtract the given number from the value of the pennies. There are 3 problems on the page.
K - 1st Math 3 Views 5 Downloads
Second Grade Adding and Subtracting
Reinforce addition and subtraction in your second grade class with a series of lessons that feature manipulatives, ten frames, spinners, and number lines. The unit is divided into three sections and includes concepts such as counting...
1st - 3rd Math CCSS: Designed
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Lloyd’s of London monopolized the marine insurance of the slave trade by the early 18th century. Lloyd’s Register was established in 1760 as the first classification society in order to provide insurance underwriters information on the quality of vessels. The classification of the ship allows for a more accurate assessment of its risk. Lloyd’s Register and other classification societies continue to survey and certify shipping vessels and their equipment. Lashing equipment physically secures goods to the deck of the ship, while its certification is established to insure the value of the goods regardless of their potential loss.
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The elections in Assam, which began on April 3, kicked off a month-long poll process in five states in India's south and east.
Officials said turnout reached around 65% of the 8.2 million registered voters in Assam, the biggest state in India's isolated northeast, despite heavy rain.
The senior election officer in Guwahati said: "For the first time in many years the election process ended in such a peaceful manner in Assam. It is really a record."
Police said unidentified militants threw an improvised bomb at a vehicle carrying paramilitary troops in the remote Karbi Anglong district, injuring two of the passengers.
But otherwise they said voting had passed off peacefully.
Monday's polling concluded elections in Assam, but results will be announced only after polls in the other states are completed early next month.
The Congress party rules three of the five states facing polls and heads the federal government. Congress and its allies are fighting stiff battles against the national coalition's own communist allies as well as regional opposition parties.
"For the first time in many years the election process ended in such a peaceful manner in Assam. It is really a record"
Senior election officer
Assam - ruled by the Congress - is home to ancient tribes but is plagued by insurgencies against Indian rule and previous elections have been marred by rebel attacks on candidates, political workers and civilians.
The Congress government in Assam is fighting for re-election against a regional opposition party and the Hindu-nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), India's main opposition party.
The other states voting are southern Tamil Nadu and Kerala as well as the federal enclave of Pondicherry and communist-ruled West Bengal in the east.
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http://www.aljazeera.com/archive/2006/04/2008410145347988647.html
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I just read your most interesting article on Compliance Energy’s proposed underground coal project. The article informs us that Compliance Energy has scheduled a re-submission of its mining permit application by the end of this year.
Critics were quick to point out that they had missed two previous scheduled submissions in the past.
Perhaps those critics might keep in mind a “Catch-22” which is faced not just by Compliance, but by virtually every company attempting to advance resource development projects on our Island and in our province. That difficulty has to do with economics.
In order to obtain all the information now required by the various regulatory agencies within B.C., a company would need a host of expensive professionals such as geologists, botanists, biologists, mining engineers, metallurgists and so forth to gather the required information.
However, given the enormous time lines now involved in gaining project approvals — and they are steadily lengthening — few junior resource companies have the funds to pay this array of professionals nor can they successfully access capital markets during a time when the future of their projects looks uncertain at best and high-risk at worse.
Therefore, quite understandably, any unanticipated complication can easily result in a missed deadline.
Before congratulating themselves, environmentalists — who also tend to be advocates for enlarged government social programs — should question the value of placing so many obstacles in the pathway of economic resource development because it is new wealth generated from economically successful resource development which offers the best opportunity for government to find the funds necessary to create and develop those desired programs.
Without economic growth, government can only accelerate program creation by the acquisition of new debt — and that is clearly a most unsatisfactory process in the long run.
We need sane, rational and realistic natural resource development in B.C. if we are going to have an attractive and successful future.
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http://www.pqbnews.com/opinion/letters/270339591.html
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Mutual Fund Regulations
The Indian mutual fund industry witnessed robust growth and stricter regulation from SEBI since 1996. The mobilisation of funds and the number of players operating in the industry reached new heights as investors started showing more interest in mutual funds. Safeguarding the interests of invetors is one of the duties of SEBI. Consequantly, SEBI (Mutual Funds) Regulations, 1996 and certain other guidelines have been issued by SEBI that sets uniform standards for all mutual funds in India.
SEBI (Mutual Funds) Regulations
AMFI Codes and Guidelines
The Indian mutual fund industry witnessed a number of public sector players entering the market in the year 1987. In November 1987, SBI Mutual Fund from the State Bank of India became the first non-UTI mutual fund in India. SBI Mutual Fund was later followed by Canbank Mutual Fund, LIC Mutual Fund, Indian Bank Muatual Fund, Bank of India Mutual Fund, GIC Mutual Fund and PNB Mutual Fund. By 1993, the assets under management of the industry increased seven times to Rs. 47,004 crores. However, UTI remained to be the leader with about 80% market share.
||Codes of ethics to be followed by the members/mutual fund companies
||Regulatory framework along with a code of conduct for intermediaries like individual agents, brokers, distribution houses and banks engaged in selling of mutual fund products
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<urn:uuid:392571bd-18d4-480a-bf14-08e7175b0dc1>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.appuonline.com/mf/knowledge/regulation.html
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After seven small grass fires, The Bay Minette Fire Department wants to spread awareness about the bone-dry conditions.
Dayton Dawkins and his wife were in for a shock as they left their house and saw the damage just feet away from their driveway.
And they weren’t the only ones. Smaller spots could be seen along the Jaycee road.
“As you’ll see, it’s burnt. I thought maybe somebody threw a cigarette out and burned it. But we had no idea what was happening,” Dawkins said.
The Bay Minette Fire Department took to social media to explain. They said these fires were caused by something dragging behind a vehicle causing a spark.
Fire Chief Mike Minchew says the conditions were just right for something like this to happen.
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https://www.dailydispatch.com/StateNews/WE/2022/January/13/Alabama.grass.fires.caused.by.dry.conditions.aspx
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My name is Tanush Wadhawan and I was born in New Delhi, India. I have a diverse educational background, Bachelor of Science (B.S.) in Biotechnology (2008) and Master of Science (M.S.) in Environmental and Conservation Science (2010) from North Dakota State University (NDSU). I have worked with viability and biomass quantification of naturally and artificially immobilized bacteria. Currently, I am pursuing Ph.D in Civil Engineering at NDSU with an emphasis on Environmental Engineering. My project deals with understanding transport of Cryptosporidium oocysts in agricultural drainage system.
Role of Agricultural Drainage on Transport of Cryptosporidium oocysts in North Dakota
Fellow: Tanush Wadhawan, Civil Engineering Department, NDSU
Advisor: Eakalak Khan, Ph.D., Professor and Department Chair, Department of Civil Engineering, North Dakota State University.
Degree Progress:Ph.D.in Civil Engineering expected graduation in fall 2013.
Cryptosporidium is an infective protozoan which is one of the most important contaminants found in drinking water and is known to cause a parasitic gastrointestinal disease called cryptosporidiosis. Several outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis due to both groundwater and surface water contamination have been reported in North America. The use of manure for farm applications can be a major source of Cryptosporidium in the environment. Cryptosporidium in manure can infiltrate through soil and reach groundwater. Recent findings suggest Cryptosporidium in surface water comes from the overland runoff from the field. In this project, we propose an alternative route for Cryptosporidium contamination in surface water. Subsurface drain tiles are a network of subsurface drains that are used to enhance the drainage of agricultural land. We suspect these drains play a significant role in facilitating the transfer of Cryptosporidium from land to surface waters.
The main scope of this project is to investigate the role of agricultural drainage system on transport of Cryptosporidium in North Dakota. The specific objectives of this study are as follows:
Untill now preliminary experiments have been performed to understand the adsorption characteristics of the Cryptosporidium oocysts to the natural soil. Soil box studies have been set up and will be conducted in the near future.
The outcomes of the proposed project will greatly benefit North Dakota in identifying a possible source of cryptosporidiosis outbreaks in North Dakota. The data generated can be used for risk assessment and development of control practices which will benefit public health. For the first time, the potential impact of subsurface drainage systems on the transport of Cryptosporidium will be evaluated.
Professor and Department Chair, CivilEngineering Department, NDSU
Phone: (701) 231-7717
Co-Advisor: Dr. John M. McEvoy,
Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, NDSU
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WITH RENEWED HELP FROM HOWARD HUGHES, RICHARD LOSICK INVIGORATES UNDERGRADUATE SCIENCE
May 15th, 2006
Losick was one of twenty HHMI Professors who each received a $1 million, four-year educational grant in 2002. These grants were designed, as HHMI put it, to give professors free rein "to bring the creativity they have shown in the lab to the undergraduate classroom" and "to make science more engaging for undergraduates". Only eight of the HHMI Professors received renewals this April to further leverage their projects, and Losick was among them. He was allotted another $1/2 million by HHMI.
With the first grant, Losick’s tri-part plan involved first, improving teaching of the introductory molecular biology course Biological Sciences 52 (BS52); second, creating a new course, MCB100, an undergraduate experimental biology program in which teams of students tackle research with faculty support; and finally, a program to introduce freshmen with disadvantaged science backgrounds to sustained, inquiry-based research.
The first two initiatives are now largely self-sustaining; the innovations to BS52 are being carried forward and MCB100 has become part of the educational fabric at Harvard. Losick will focus the bulk of his new resources on disadvantaged students, in an initiative he calls "FEEDS", for Freshman from Economically and Educationally Disadvantaged Backgrounds in Science.
Infusing Undergraduates with the Spirit of Research
Prof. Losick suspects that HHMI chose him for the original award because he shares their commitment to both research and teaching. He also shares their alarm at the prevalent cookbook approach to teaching science, and had already set about to do something to correct this by incorporating more inquiry-based methods and experimental research into introductory biology courses.
"It’s so easy to teach science badly, as if it were downloading facts into students," says Losick. "So many students are enthusiastic about science as they enter college, but we kill their interest by presenting science as an accumulation of facts. They confuse taking tests with doing science." Also traditional laboratory courses don’t simulate science as it is practiced. Rather than offering truly open-ended inquiry and experimentation, they rely on recipes that thousands of students have followed before in hopes of obtaining the same, invariable results.
To give students a taste of real experimental research, Losick, whose own work involves microbial development and gene regulation, and Robert Lue, Director of Undergraduate Studies in the Biological Sciences, created a new inquiry-based molecular biology course, the resoundingly successful MCB100. MCB100 students work in small groups on a semester-long project of current research interest, such as characterizing the interaction between a tumor suppressor and small molecules, or using systemic RNAi to study the worm C. elegans. To simulate the reporting practices of science, at the end of the term students make oral presentations and write individual reports modeled after the NIH grant format.
The course has become so popular that it is oversubscribed and also has been attracting non-majors. "I have a sense that its approach will be emulated in other courses and departments," Losick comments. "The HHMI money has catalyzed something new that has become self-sustaining, which was one of their goals."
For Losick, a key challenge in his introductory course on molecular biology, BS52, is teaching intricate and dynamic processes like DNA replication, translation, and recombination. This is traditionally done with static diagrams, but Losick has developed a series of computer animations to make these processes come alive. In these videos, the enzymes, polymerases, transcription factors, and signaling molecules that drive the mechanisms are more readily seen in their dynamic relations. His students access these tools online for study and review – and so can teachers and students anywhere with access to the free website. "That helps meet HHMI’s goal of disseminating our new pedagogical initiatives beyond the host institution, so that undergraduates everywhere may benefit," Losick comments.
A Counter-Intuitive Strategy Works
With MCB100 now well-established, the new grant money will largely support the third, and for Losick most personally rewarding aspect, of the HHMI-funded project, the FEEDS program for disadvantaged students. "I interpret the term ‘disadvantaged’ very broadly," Losick explains. As well as members of minorities and underprivileged communities, his recruits could be refugees from a war-torn country, middle-class honor students from small, rural high schools with limited science offerings, or children from families who did not encourage the study of science.
"The most challenging part is identifying these ‘disadvantaged’ students," Losick says. "I use a counter-intuitive strategy. Unlike most selection processes at Harvard, I don’t necessarily seek out the hot shots." He scours the incoming freshman class for underachievers, looking for a mismatch between a student’s enthusiasm for science and the performance on placement exams. For this, he enlists the admissions office, which knows about the students’ home and high school situations, and freshman proctors and advisors. With a short list of names in hand, he pitches his program, invites the students to write an essay about their interest in scientific research and interviews those with the most compelling essays. He accepts six to eight each year.
Then Losick plays matchmaker, finding a research colleague who helps the student design and conduct a research project that, ideally, will last the four undergraduate years. "We’re very lucky to have a wealth of topflight science labs not only here at Harvard College but also at the Medical School, Harvard-affiliated hospitals, and the Harvard School of Public Health."
Students do not receive course credit for the research undertaking, but their projects segue into senior theses, while HHMI funds relieve them of work-study obligations. Of the 24 students who have entered the program, 22 are continuing, including a creative writing major. Some work in labs in the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, in the Division of Engineering and Applied Science, and the Harvard Medical School. One student who entered FEEDS as a sophomore graduated in 2005 and is currently researching AIDS at Stanford. Six more students graduate in May 2006 with plans for medical school, graduate school in science fields, or staying on for one more year of lab research.
Going forward, some of the FEEDS students will also participate in Harvard’s new Program for Research in Science and Engineering (PRISE) for undergraduates engaged in summer research. PRISE covers summer room and board, freeing HHMI funds to organize retreats and for programs that help form a community for mentoring participants, both within and beyond Harvard. He will invite alumni of the program back to meet with current students, and encourage upper classmen to discuss their work with younger students.
"I’m happy with the program as it is," Losick says. "I want to sustain it when the HHMI funding runs out." Before the next four years are up, Losick hopes to have an endowment for the program from Harvard alumni.
"It’s a privilege to teach undergraduates at Harvard," Losick reflects regarding his involvement in the HHMI Professors Program. "We attract such enthusiastic students. It’s a great joy to teach them at the introductory level when they are still formative and we can have a big influence and stimulate their enthusiasm about science. Doing research and teaching undergraduates are both enormously rewarding. I can’t imagine doing one without the other."
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This is a space for all sorts of literature related to biking. We will put suggested books, printable zines and small pamphlets for you here. If you have any of your own suggestions for this page, email us at email@example.com! We always want your input and suggestions.
Chainbreaker Bike Book: A Rough Guide to Bicycle Maintenance : A hand-illustrated and accessible introduction to the world of bike repair! Through working at both Plan B Bike Project and French Quarter Bicycles in New Orleans, our co-authors have gathered a wealth of experience to share with would-be mechanics. The first half of this book is a complete repair manual to get you started on choosing, fixing, and riding your bike. The second half reprints all four issues of Chainbreaker zine, whose originals were destroyed in Hurricane Katrina.
Do It Yourself Bike Touring : for those who want to tour, but think they need to save a ton of money to do so (you don’t).
A Rough Guide to Bicycle Maintenance : an awesome zine with detailed drawings and labeling for repairs and know-how. Later published as part of the Chainbreaker Bike Book.
Why Critical Mass?: some information on what critical mass is and why we participate in it.
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Combatting Dance Aches and Pains
We all know the drill- you come back to dance after a long summer break, and the first few weeks of class are going great…. until you start to feel that soreness creeping in. Believe it or not, sore muscles aren’t necessarily anything to worry about. Switching up your exercise routine (and we know that dance is exercise!) can definitely cause your muscles to feel more fatigued than normal, but this isn’t always a bad thing. In fact, sore muscles can be a sign of a hard day’s work put in; you cannot expect to grow as a dancer without putting in a bit of work! Still, what can you do to alleviate some of that soreness? Read on to find out:
Understand that soreness is okay. It’s normal to feel a bit sore a day or two after trying something new. Do your best to hang in there, and that soreness should get better over the course of a few weeks, as your body adjusts to your new dance routine.
Make sure you eat protein. Our muscles thrive on protein- that’s why athletes often drink protein shakes before working out. While you should discuss your specific protein needs with your doctor to make sure you are providing your body with the proper fuel, looking for ways to incorporate lean meats, nuts, and beans into your diet is never a bad idea!
Stay hydrated! Your muscles begin to cramp and tighten up when they are deprived of water. It is important to make sure you drive water not only while dancing, but throughout the entire day to make sure you are staying hydrated! While the amount of water you should drink varies by person, a good goal to aim for is 8-10 glasses of water a day!
Warm up! You wouldn’t take off on a marathon without warming up, so why would you dance without warming up? An adequate warmup helps ease the body into its workout, which in turn lessens the risk of injury and muscle soreness. While most of our classes begin with a warmup, it is never a bad idea to get to the studio 5-10 minutes early to do a few warmup stretches and exercises of your own.
Cool down. Dance classes normally end on a “high note,” finishing with demanding jumps, leaps, and turns. Your body warms up over the course of class, but if you leave dance right away, gather your belongings, and head outside right away, your body is quickly going from a state of activity to inactivity, which is somewhat jarring to the muscles. Even worse, temperature changes from the warm studio to the cold outdoor air can put your body into a state of tension. Just as it is important to warm up before dancing, it is important to allow your body some time to cool down as well!
Know when muscle pain is more than soreness. Sometimes, we think we are just feeling sore, when really, there is something bigger going on. Whenever you are feeling an unusual pain in your muscles, or have a pain that doesn’t go away over the course of a few days, make sure you check in with a doctor.
How do you know whether you’re simply feeling sore, or if there is a possibility you are setting yourself up for an injury? Look out for our next post to find out!
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WWII Army Staff Sgt. Edward Joseph O'Donnell passed away Nov. 30, 1960, but his service to his country will always be remembered.
His family reached out to Congressman Brian Higgins in an effort to receive military medals that he was entitled to through his service.
Edward's son, William O'Donnell, and three generations of O'Donnells were present for a small ceremony in Higgins office, where they accepted the medals on behalf of their patriarch.
"It is never too late to pay tribute to a veteran," Higgins said. "Staff Sgt. O'Donnell lived a life much too short, but his contributions to this great nation live on for generations to come. It has been our honor to work with the O'Donnell family to recognize Edward's nearly eight years of service in the U.S. Army."
Edward was born in Buffalo June 2, 1922, to Cornelius A. O'Donnell and Esther Mary Geising. He was baptized on June 18 at Blessed Trinity Church, attended Blessed Trinity Elementary School and then Bennett High School, where he graduated in 1940.
Edward was a talented baseball player and an all-around great athlete. In fact, he told his family Warren Spahn (from South Buffalo) was the only athlete to ever strike him out.
Edward enlisted into the United States Army Nov. 13, 1942, and was activated in August of 1943. He was assigned to the 734th Bombing Squadron. After receiving military training as a pilot and a radio mechanic, Edward was assigned to serve the Allied forces in the Pacific during World War II. On Dec. 14, 1944, he was stationed in New Caledonia, a small French island located east of Australia. He remained in the Pacific Theater until 1945.
After service both abroad and at home, Edward was honorably discharged June 28, 1950.
Prior to his discharge, on Feb. 9, 1949, at the age of 26, Edward married Erin Mary Morrison. They went on to have five children: William, Erin Mary, Margaret, Daniel and Maureen. Edward worked for the U.S. Postal Service as a postal clerk in the "Old Main" post office located in downtown Buffalo.
Edward passed away at the young age of 38.
For his honorable and committed service to this country, Higgins presented the family of Edward J. O'Donnell with the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, Good Conduct Medal, Honorable Service Lapel Button WWII, American Campaign Medal and the World War II Victory Medal.
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Anyone can develop heat exhaustion, but certain factors increase your sensitivity to heat. They include:
Nov. 25, 2014
- Young age or old age. Infants and children younger than 4 and adults older than 65 are at higher risk of heat exhaustion. The body's ability to regulate its temperature isn't fully developed in the young and may be reduced by illness, medications or other factors in older adults.
- Certain drugs. Medications that affect your body's ability to stay hydrated and respond appropriately to heat include some used to treat high blood pressure and heart problems (beta blockers, diuretics), reduce allergy symptoms (antihistamines), calm you (tranquilizers), or reduce psychiatric symptoms such as delusions (antipsychotics). Additionally, some illegal drugs, such as cocaine and amphetamines, can increase your core temperature.
- Obesity. Carrying excess weight can affect your body's ability to regulate its temperature and cause your body to retain more heat.
- Sudden temperature changes. If you're not used to the heat, you're more susceptible to heat-related illnesses, such as heat exhaustion. Traveling to a warm climate from a cold one or living in an area that's experienced an early heat wave can put you at risk of a heat-related illness because your body hasn't had a chance to get used to the higher temperatures.
- A high heat index. The heat index is a single temperature value that considers how both the outdoor temperature and humidity make you feel. When the humidity is high, your sweat can't evaporate as easily and your body has more difficulty cooling itself, making you prone to heat exhaustion and heatstroke. When the heat index is 91 F (33 C) or higher, you should take precautions to keep cool.
- Heat injury and heat exhaustion. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00319. Accessed Oct. 1, 2014.
- Extreme heat: A prevention guide to promote your personal health and safety. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.bt.cdc.gov/disasters/extremeheat/heat_guide.asp. Accessed Oct. 1, 2014.
- Marx JA, et al. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Mosby Elsevier; 2014. http://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Oct. 1, 2014.
- Mechem CC. Severe nonexertional hyperthermia (classic heat stroke) in adults. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed Oct. 8, 2014.
- Using the heat index: A guide for employers. U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration. http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/heatillness/heat_index/index.html. Accessed Oct. 2, 2014.
- Dehydration and heat stroke. Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/non-traumatic_emergencies/dehydration_and_heat_stroke_85,P00828/. Accessed Oct. 1, 2014.
- Frequently asked questions about extreme heat. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.bt.cdc.gov/disasters/extremeheat/faq.asp. Accessed Oct. 1, 2014.
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The President Needs to Talk About How We Got Economic Inequality
Our current economic state was not created by an 'Act of God' but by a long series of policies enacted in Washington, DC
On Tuesday night, President Barack Obama is going to give his fifth State of the Union address. The president is likely to call for policies that will help working people, like an increase in the minimum wage and the extension of unemployment benefits to the long-term unemployed workers.
But what will his larger message be? In December, he gave an exceptionally blunt and powerful speech about economic inequality. But the speech had two serious problems. He described inequality as a problem affecting the poorest Americans, while in reality the majority of America's workers are no longer advancing economically. Second, the president described inequality as something that just happened without anyone making it happen—a piece of bad luck or an act of God.
But for the kind of people who pay the bills in Washington, the fact that the president used the word “inequality” is too much, and the chorus of insiders urging the president to back off is growing.
So the president faces a choice of rhetoric on Tuesday night—but that choice is not just about political gamesmanship. It will have serious policy implications. But there is also an issue of simple credibility. The American people are watching, and they are furious about inequality. Large majorities in poll after poll want a more progressive tax system, accountability for bankers, less power in public life for corporations and the rich and, most of all, higher wages.
The public’s anger shouldn’t be a surprise—anyone whose eyes are open who lives in today’s America knows that inequality doesn’t just happen. The 1% make it happen.
Just look around.
This week, as the president drafted his speech, Jamie Dimon, the CEO of JPMorgan Chase got a 74% raise, taking his salary from $11 million to $20 million. Since much of his compensation is in the form of stock and stock options, he will pay 20% taxes on those gains, less than the marginal tax rate for many middle-income Americans.
Jamie Dimon runs a bank that just paid the largest civil penalty in American history for a single company, for misconduct in the mortgage markets. Nonetheless, Dimon and his colleagues at JPMorgan Chase appear as of now to have avoided all criminal penalties and all personal responsibility for their actions.
And meanwhile since 2008, 10 million families have been thrown out of their homes and more than 3 million Americans have been incarcerated, the majority for non-violent offenses involving sums and social consequences a bit smaller than what went on at Chase.
Then there is Walmart. Walmart is the largest employer in the country—1.4 million people work for Walmart. Last summer, Walmart associates went on strike, demanding that Walmart pay a minimum of $25,000 a year. Walmart is majority owned by the Walton family, the richest family in the world. Walmart has responded to its employees’ exercising their legal right to ask for a wage barely enough to keep a family of four out of poverty by firing people brave enough to stand up to them. The National Labor Relations Board has issued formal complaints against Walmart, but our labor laws are so weak the Walton family is much less worried than Dimon that making money by breaking the law might actually come back to haunt them.
Finally, there is the actual policy agenda of America’s elites—measures that will put more downward pressure on wages. Every trade agreement we have done since The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has been based on the same template, and the cumulative effect has been a huge trade deficit that saps our economy, loses millions of jobs and continues the relentless downward pressure on wages. Yet the Obama administration is using that same template again in drafting the Trans Pacific Partnership, the biggest trade deal the United States has ever done, and the implementing the same process, Fast Track, that gave us NAFTA with no questions asked.
When it comes down to it, what is a speech like the State of the Union for a second-term president leading a gridlocked government? It is a chance to speak to the people directly, and to gain what political momentum may be gained by telling the truth, by speaking to the experience of the people the president represents.
What would that sound like? It might sound like this.
“Since 1997, all the gains in income in our country have gone to the top 10%. Our workforce is dramatically more productive, but our real wages have fallen.
This isn’t an accident, or an act of God. People with power in America made decisions that led to this result. The key decision was to use the power of the government to help corporate America push wages down. Falling wages drives grotesque inequality. So any serious effort to deal with inequality has to begin with restoring workers’ bargaining power, not just for the poorest workers, but for all workers. It's that simple. If we care about inequality, we must raise wages.
It’s time we made different decisions. Because the survival of the American Dream is at stake.
Grotesque inequality kills the American Dream because the American Dream is not the fantasy that we can all be rich, or the fact that a few of us will be rich. It’s about what happens for the vast majority of people who work hard, who contribute to the life of our country, who will never get rich but who deserve lives of economic security and dignity, who should get their share of the vast wealth they produce. Our economy used to do just that, and now it doesn’t, but it can again if we choose to make it so.”
President Obama has the power to begin to fix what has gone wrong in America, even if not to solve it entirely within the next three years. Everything he's said suggests he very much wants to try. He should begin by telling the truth about what the 1% have taken from the 99%. That much is certainly within his power to do.
© 2014 AFL-CIO
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A deficiency of ceramide biosynthesis causes cerebellar purkinje cell neurodegeneration and lipofuscin accumulation.
Sphingolipids, lipids with a common sphingoid base (also termed long chain base) backbone, play essential cellular structural and signaling functions. Alterations of sphingolipid levels have been implicated in many diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. However, it remains largely unclear whether sphingolipid changes in these diseases are pathological events or homeostatic responses. Furthermore, how changes in sphingolipid homeostasis shape the progression of aging and neurodegeneration remains to be clarified. We identified two mouse strains, flincher (fln) and toppler (to), with spontaneous recessive mutations that cause cerebellar ataxia and Purkinje cell degeneration. Positional cloning demonstrated that these mutations reside in the Lass1 gene. Lass1 encodes (dihydro)ceramide synthase 1 (CerS1), which is highly expressed in neurons. Both fln and to mutations caused complete loss of CerS1 catalytic activity, which resulted in a reduction in sphingolipid biosynthesis in the brain and dramatic changes in steady-state levels of sphingolipids and sphingoid bases. In addition to Purkinje cell death, deficiency of CerS1 function also induced accumulation of lipofuscin with ubiquitylated proteins in many brain regions. Our results demonstrate clearly that ceramide biosynthesis deficiency can cause neurodegeneration and suggest a novel mechanism of lipofuscin formation, a common phenomenon that occurs during normal aging and in some neurodegenerative diseases.
Pubmed ID: 21625621 RIS Download
Animals | Base Sequence | COS Cells | Cell Differentiation | Ceramides | Cercopithecus aethiops | Homeostasis | Lipofuscin | Membrane Proteins | Mice | Mice, Inbred BALB C | Mutation | Purkinje Cells | Sphingosine N-Acyltransferase
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- Scott BlackmunPresident, US Olympic Committee
- Jacques Rogge (President, International Olympic Committee)President, International Olympic Committee
US Olympic Team: Fly the colors of gay pride during the 2014 Olympics Opening Ceremony
Please join me in asking the US team at the 2014 Winter Olympics to show their support for human rights by flying the gay pride colors at the opening ceremony in Russia.
Like so many people around the world, I have been watching the increasingly violent treatment of the LGBT community in Russia and the passage of anti-gay legislation there. These laws that broadly criminalize speech about gay rights as "propaganda" are so vague that people simply wearing a t-shirt or holding a banner supporting gay rights can and have been arrested. The laws have also acted to tacitly accept hatred and violence against the LGBT community; since the passage of these laws there have been a spate of anti-gay attacks, some resulting in death.
Many athletes are already speaking out in support of human rights in Russia -- and displaying their support publicly. Two Swedish athletes recently painted their nails in rainbow colors at a track competition in Russia. Openly gay speed skater Blake Skjellerup of New Zealand has stated that he plans to wear a pride pin if he is able to attend the opening ceremony. These athletes -- and the LGBT community in general -- should be supported and the International Olympic Committee should take action to ensure that athletes who express support for human rights are protected, rather than punished.
By carrying the Gay Pride flag alongside their country's flag or wearing the colors on their uniform, athletes at the 2014 Sochi Olympics will be sending a strong message to the Russian government that their current policies of discrimination are not acceptable to the rest of the world. To truly march with pride, the athletes of the world should act with a single voice against this oppression. A voice that Russian citizens, themselves, cannot express.
Join me in asking the US team to show its support for human rights at this year's Olympic games in Russia.
- President, US Olympic Committee
- President, International Olympic Committee
Jacques Rogge (President, International Olympic Committee)
Fly the colors of gay pride during the Olympics Opening Ceremony
Laurence Hewitt started this petition with a single signature, and now has 32,327 supporters. Start a petition today to change something you care about.
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Classes in canoeing, fishing and other outdoor activities will be held in Ibaraki Prefecture May 29 and 30. Kawa asobi kyoshitsu (Class for playing on a river) is organized by canoeist Tomosuke Noda, who has written many books about his experiences canoeing on rivers around the world.
In order to conserve rivers or restore them to health, Noda believes it is important that more people have a chance to enjoy them and learn about their wildlife and ecology. With that aim, he first organized this annual event in Ibaraki last year, for both adults and children.
During the classes, on the Kuji River in the town of Daigomachi, participants will be able to canoe and fish — and also learn how to make smoked fish and cook chicken in a Dutch oven, and take part in a handicrafts workshop using bamboo from the riverside. In the evening, Noda will give a talk and also play harmonica.
People who join the two-day event — participation fee, ¥2,500 for adults, ¥1,500 for high school students and free for younger children — can stay in their own tents at the campsite near the river, or share rooms in bungalows at the campsite. Accommodation costs ¥1,200 per person to stay in a tent, or ¥2,000 for those in bungalows. Some of the programs cost a few hundred extra yen.
The campsite, named Camp Mura Yanase, is 36 km along R118 from the Naka Interchange on the Joban Expressway. By train, take the JR Suigun Line from JR Mito Station (an hour to Kamiogawa Station). The campsite is a 12-min. walk from the station. The event is from 1 p.m. on May 29 until 2 p.m. on May 30. For more details, visit kawa-asobi.com/ or call (03) 5281-0062.
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- The report contains detailed information about Santa Fe Gold Corporation that gives an unrivalled in-depth knowledge about internal business-environment of the company: data about the owners, senior executives, locations, subsidiaries, markets, products, and company history.
- Another part of the report is a SWOT-analysis carried out for Santa Fe Gold Corporation. It involves specifying the objective of the company's business and identifies the different factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieving that objective. SWOT-analysis helps to understand company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and possible threats against it.
- The Santa Fe Gold Corporation financial analysis covers the income statement and ratio trend-charts with balance sheets and cash flows presented on an annual and quarterly basis. The report outlines the main financial ratios pertaining to profitability, margin analysis, asset turnover, credit ratios, and company’s long-term solvency. This sort of company's information will assist and strengthen your company’s decision-making processes.
- In the part that describes Santa Fe Gold Corporation competitors and the industry in whole, the information about company's financial ratios is compared to those of its competitors and to the industry. The unique analysis of the market and company’s competitors along with detailed information about the internal and external factors affecting the relevant industry will help to manage your business environment. Your company’s business and sales activities will be boosted by gaining an insight into your competitors’ businesses.
- Also the report provides relevant news, an analysis of PR-activity, and stock price movements. The latter are correlated with pertinent news and press releases, and annual and quarterly forecasts are given by a variety of experts and market research firms. Such information creates your awareness about principal trends of Santa Fe Gold Corporation business.
About Santa Fe Gold Corporation
Santa Fe Gold Corporation engages in the acquisition and development of mining properties.
The company has four projects: Summit silver-gold and Ortiz gold projects located in New Mexico; and its Black Canyon mica and Planet micaceous iron oxide projects located in Arizona.
Summit Silver-Gold Project
The company's Summit operations in southwestern New Mexico are conducted through its wholly-owned subsidiary, The Lordsburg Mining Company (Lordsburg Mining). Lordsburg Minings primary assets are the underground Summit silver-gold mine and related property consisting of 117 acres of patented mining claims and 740 acres of unpatented mining claims in Grant County, southwestern New Mexico; and the Banner mill, including mineral processing equipment consisting of a crushing and screening plant, a ball mill and a 400 ton-per-day flotation plant, and related property consisting of approximately 1,500 acres of wholly owned and leased patented and unpatented mining claims, located approximately 57 miles south of the Summit mine near Lordsburg, Hidalgo County, New Mexico.
Ortiz Gold Project
The company owns rights for exploration, development, and mining of gold and other minerals on 42,297 acres (66 square miles) of the Ortiz Mine Grant in Santa Fe County, New Mexico.
Black Canyon Mica Project
The Black Canyon mine is located 30 miles north of Phoenix, Arizona, and 3.5 miles west-southwest of Black Canyon City. The companys property holdings at and around the Black Canyon mine consist of 67 federal unpatented mining claims in Yavapai County, Arizona and 9 federal unpatented mill site claims in Maricopa County, Arizona, which in total cover approximately 1,385 acres.
Planet Micaceous Iron Oxide (MIO) Project
The Planet property consists of 31 patented mining claims totaling 523 acres located in western Arizona. It has leased the Planet property for its potential to produce micaceous iron oxide. The property is located in the northwest corner of La Paz County, west central Arizona.
Lordsburg Exploration Project
In June 2010, the company commenced an exploration program on its ground holdings in the Lordsburg (Virginia) Mining District, where it controls approximately 1,500 acres of prospective ground, the majority of which comprises patented mining claims that the company owns, and the remainder patented and unpatented mining claims that the company leases.
Santa Fe Gold Corporation was founded in 1981.
The above Company Fundamental Report is a half-ready report and contents are subject to change.
It means that we have all necessary data in our database to prepare the report but need 2-3 days to complete it. During this time we are also updating the report with respect to the current moment. So, you can get all the most recent data available for the same price. Please note that preparation of additional types of analyses requires extra time.
1. SANTA FE GOLD CORPORATION COMPANY PROFILE
1.1. Key facts
1.2. Financial Performance
1.3. Key Executives
1.4. Ownership and Major Holders
1.5. Company History
2. SANTA FE GOLD CORPORATION BUSINESS OVERVIEW
2.1. Business Description
2.2. Major Products and Services
2.3. Markets and Sales Activities
2.4. Locations, Subsidiaries, Operating Units
3. SANTA FE GOLD CORPORATION SWOT ANALYSIS
4. SANTA FE GOLD CORPORATION FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
4.1. Financial Statements
4.1.1. Income Statement
4.1.2. Balance Sheet
4.1.3. Cash Flow
4.2. Financial Ratios
4.2.2. Margin Analysis
4.2.3. Asset Turnover
4.2.4. Credit Ratios
4.2.5. Long-Term Solvency
4.2.6. Growth Over Prior Year
4.2.7. Financial Ratios Charts
4.3. Stock Market Snapshot
5. SANTA FE GOLD CORPORATION COMPETITORS AND INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
5.1. Santa Fe Gold Corporation Direct Competitors
5.2. Comparison of Santa Fe Gold Corporation and Direct Competitors Financial Ratios
5.3. Comparison of Santa Fe Gold Corporation and Direct Competitors Stock Charts
5.4. Santa Fe Gold Corporation Industry Analysis
5.4.1. Metals & Mining Industry Snapshot
5.4.2. Santa Fe Gold Corporation Industry Position Analysis
6. SANTA FE GOLD CORPORATION NEWS & EVENTS
6.1. News & PR Activity Analysis
6.2. IR Corporate News
6.3. Marketing News
6.4. Corporate Events
7. SANTA FE GOLD CORPORATION EXPERTS REVIEW1
7.1. Experts Opinion
7.2. Experts Estimates
8. SANTA FE GOLD CORPORATION ENHANCED SWOT ANALYSIS2
9. UNITED STATES PESTEL ANALYSIS2
9.1. Political Factors
9.2. Economic Factors
9.3. Social Factors
9.4. Technological Factors
9.5. Environmental Factors
9.6. Legal Factors
10. SANTA FE GOLD CORPORATION IFE, EFE, IE MATRICES2
10.1. Internal Factor Evaluation Matrix
10.2. External Factor Evaluation Matrix
10.3. Internal External Matrix
11. SANTA FE GOLD CORPORATION PORTER FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS2
12. SANTA FE GOLD CORPORATION VRIO ANALYSIS2
APPENDIX: RATIO DEFINITIONS
LIST OF TABLES
Santa Fe Gold Corporation Key Facts
Income Statement Key Figures
Balance Sheet Key Figures
Cash Flow Statement Key Figures
Financial Performance Abbreviation Guide
Santa Fe Gold Corporation Key Executives
Key Executives Biographies1
Key Executives Compensations1
Santa Fe Gold Corporation Major Shareholders
Santa Fe Gold Corporation History
Santa Fe Gold Corporation Products
Revenues by Segment
Revenues by Region
Santa Fe Gold Corporation Offices and Representations
Santa Fe Gold Corporation SWOT Analysis
Yearly Income Statement Including Trends
Income Statement Latest 4 Quarters Including Trends
Yearly Balance Sheet Including Trends
Balance Sheet Latest 4 Quarters Including Trends
Yearly Cash Flow Including Trends
Cash Flow Latest 4 Quarters Including Trends
Santa Fe Gold Corporation Profitability Ratios
Margin Analysis Ratios
Asset Turnover Ratios
Long-Term Solvency Ratios
Financial Ratios Growth Over Prior Year
Santa Fe Gold Corporation Capital Market Snapshot
Santa Fe Gold Corporation Direct Competitors Key Facts
Direct Competitors Profitability Ratios
Direct Competitors Margin Analysis Ratios
Direct Competitors Asset Turnover Ratios
Direct Competitors Credit Ratios
Direct Competitors Long-Term Solvency Ratios
Metals & Mining Industry Statistics
Santa Fe Gold Corporation Industry Position
Company vs. Industry Income Statement Analysis
Company vs. Industry Balance Sheet Analysis
Company vs. Industry Cash Flow Analysis
Company vs. Industry Ratios Comparison
Santa Fe Gold Corporation Consensus Recommendations1
Analyst Recommendation Summary1
Price Target Summary1
Experts Recommendation Trends1
Revenue Estimates Analysis1
Earnings Estimates Analysis1
Revenue Estimates Trend1
Earnings Estimates Trend1
LIST OF FIGURES
Santa Fe Gold Corporation Annual Revenues in Comparison with Cost of Goods Sold and Gross Profit
Profit Margin Chart
Operating Margin Chart
Return on Equity (ROE) Chart
Return on Assets (ROA) Chart
Debt to Equity Chart
Current Ratio Chart
Santa Fe Gold Corporation 1-year Stock Charts
Santa Fe Gold Corporation 5-year Stock Charts
Santa Fe Gold Corporation vs. Main Indexes 1-year Stock Chart
Santa Fe Gold Corporation vs. Direct Competitors 1-year Stock Charts
Santa Fe Gold Corporation Article Density Chart
1 – Data availability depends on company’s security policy.
2 – These sections are available only when you purchase a report with appropriate additional types of analyses.
The complete financial data is available for publicly traded companies.
Enhanced SWOT Analysis
Enhanced SWOT is a 3×3 grid that arranges strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats into one scheme:
- How to use the strengths to take advantage of the opportunities?
- How to use the strengths to reduce likelihood and impact of the threats?
- How to overcome the weaknesses that obstruct taking advantage of the opportunities?
- How to overcome the weaknesses that can make the threats a reality?
Upon answering these questions a company can develop a project plan to improve its business performance.
PESTEL (also termed as PESTLE) is an ideal tool to strategically analyze what influence different outside factors – political, economic, sociocultural, technological, environmental and legal – exert on a business to later chart its long term targets.
Being part of the external analysis when carrying out a strategic assessment or performing a market study, PESTEL gives an overview of diverse macro-environmental factors that any company should thoughtfully consider. By perceiving these outside environments, businesses can maximally benefit from the opportunities while minimizing the threats to the organization.
Key Factors Examined by PESTEL Analysis:
- Political – What opportunities and pressures are brought by political bodies and what is the degree of public regulations’ impact on the business?
- Economic – What economic policies, trends and structures are expected to affect the organization, what is this influence’s degree?
- Sociological – What cultural and societal aspects will work upon the demand for the business’s products and operations?
- Technological – What impact do the technological aspects, innovations, incentives and barriers have on the organization?
- Environmental – What environmental and ecological facets, both locally and farther afield, are likely to predetermine the business?
- Legal – What laws and legislation will exert influence on the style the business is carried out?
IFE, EFE, IE Matrices
The Internal Factor Evaluation matrix (IFE matrix) is a strategic management tool helping audit or evaluate major weaknesses and strengths in a business’s functional areas. In addition, IFE matrix serves as a basis for identifying and assessing relationships amongst those areas. The IFE matrix is utilised in strategy formulation.
The External Factor Evaluation matrix (EFE matrix) is a tool of strategic management that is typically utilised to assess current market conditions. It is an ideal instrument for visualising and prioritising the threats and opportunities a firm is facing.
The essential difference between the above mentioned matrices lies in the type of factors incorporated in the model; whilst the latter is engaged in internal factors, the former deals exceptionally with external factors – those exposed to social, political, economic, legal, etc. external forces.
Being a continuation of the EFE matrix and IFE matrix models, the Internal External matrix (IE matrix) rests upon an investigation of external and internal business factors integrated into one suggestive model.
Porter Five Forces Analysis
The Porter’s five forces analysis studies the industry of operation and helps the company find new sources of competitive advantage. The analysis surveys an industry through five major questions:
- What composes a threat of substitute products and services?
- Is there a threat of new competitors entering the market?
- What is the intensity of competitive rivalry?
- How big is the bargaining power of buyers?
- How significant is the bargaining power of suppliers?
VRIO stands for Value, Rarity, Imitability, Organization. This analysis helps to evaluate all company’s resources and capabilities and bring them together into one aggregate table that includes:
- Tangible resources
- Intangible resources
- Innovation and Creativity
- Organizational capabilities
The result of the analysis gives a clear picture of company’s competitive and economic implications, answering the questions if the resources mentioned above are:
- Costly to imitate?
- Organized properly?
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CC-MAIN-2016-44
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https://marketpublishers.com/report/industry/metallurgy/santa_fe_gold_corporation_swot_analysis_bac.html
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Isn't it pitiful for an artist to admire his own work? That wretched "Sightless Goddess of Love" kept attracting visitors. I stood there among the mesmerized crowd, looking at the unfinished painting by the supposedly anonymous author. Little did they know he was standing next to them, as they ecstatically commented on the well-painted yet undone piece of art. The origin of the name was rather obvious - her eyes had never been finished.
Even as a young student in art school I have always been interested in Greek mythology. I find the contrast between mortal and godlike fascinating. But I've always been fond of one figure in particular - The Goddess of love, Aphrodite. She was described as a beauty unknown to mankind, so humble and caring, yet I wasn't able to find even one painting that revealed her true divine charm. For many years I've tried again and again, throwing away canvas after canvas, to recreate the image that was stuck in my head. It was trial and error. Two years had passed since my last attempt. As I started noticing great improvement in my art, I decided to try one last time.
One rainy Spring day I picked up the dusty old brush, sat on the little oak-wood stool and prepared my canvas. I stared at the blank piece of paper for more than half an hour, not knowing how to start, so I gently guided the brush through the surface. I started with a light beige color which later mixed with the darker shades. So the very first thing I drew was a straight nose with a slightly pointed tip. Using a beautiful ruby red I formed the Goddess's perfect, full, red lips, which were curved in an alluring smile.
Pleased with my work I moved along to the face, painting the basic shape of it, focusing on its feminine features. Suddenly my hands froze. For some reason I was unable to continue with my work. I figured that I was just tired and left the canvas to dry with the thought of finishing it some other day
While in its presence I felt a slight unease with the painting. Realism was, after all, what I was aiming for. However, I had never expected for her cherry lips to actually move. Was it the lack of sleep, maybe I wasn't eating right? Or maybe it was just stress in general; whatever the reason,I blame this unusual phenomenon on my restless imagination. At this point rest was the only option I had.
The next morning I was woken up by the grim caw of a crow. The previous evening's events seemed like a vague dream, and I was once again ready to face the painting. I was anxious to continue my work, rushing in the drawing room, without even getting the usual cup of morning coffee. Soon the basic outlines came into place - the shape of the face was long, finishing with a nicely rounded chin and a fresh-faced complexion. The shadowing itself was easy but as the different shades of brown and pale yellow made their way into the paper, the painting came frighteningly close to reality. Yet I was quite proud of my work at that time. Pausing, I dully looked at the canvas half expecting the illustration to reach out to me.
I was beginning to crudely sketch the neck, when my phone rang. I had absolutely forgotten about an organized meeting with the manager of the local gallery, which I had to attend at all cost. It appeared that I had to postpone my more pleasant activity.
As I reached for the door knob, I heard a muted voice. Figuring it was my old radio acting up again, I walked out the door in a hurry. Midnight had arrived when I finally got home. My friends helped me get my mind off things for a while, but I couldn't fully forget about my unfinished masterpiece, waiting for me at home. As I walked in and hanged my coat, I was greeted by a rather eerie silence.
An hour after my returning, I was eager to crawl in my bed and just doze off to the sound of thunder, which for some reason, I found extremely calming. Just as I was about to give in to slumber, I heard a voice echo from the drawing room. A soft, honeyed female voice called out to me. Alarmed, I grabbed the first thing I could, which happened to be my night lamp, and slowly made my way towards the source of the noise. I was like a sailor drawn in by a siren's song. I entered the dark room with great caution, but no one was there.
It was practically impossible, but I still felt as if the voice was originating from the painting. I knew it was a silly thing to assume but there was literally nothing else in the room.
For weeks that event kept recurring. Some nights I would hear the voice again, leaving me with the choice of either ignoring it or tracing it once more. And every time I would end up in the drawing room, staring at the unfinished image of the Goddess. I was, and still am, a single man. There was no possible way that a woman was just hiding in my home and playing with my sanity. Nor did I ever believe in ghosts, so the thought that I was haunted never crossed my mind.
Whatever the case, it was becoming unbearable. I couldn't help but feel like all of this had some sinister connection to the painting. I felt the unexplainable urge to finish it, regardless of the fact that I couldn't stand to look at it anymore. For what I hoped to be the last time, I sat on the same chair, in the same little dusty room. The last rays of the fading sun were rushing through my window, illuminating my creation. I rapidly grabbed the brush, almost knocking down the palette. I carried on from where I had stopped.
With every stroke of the brush the painting became more alive. I wasn't sure if I was drawing the Goddess anymore, as the woman on that canvas was vastly different compared to what I had envisioned. Rather than golden locks, obsidian strands of hair fell down both sides of her slender face. Instead of the warm smile I associated the mythical figure with, her red lips were shaped in a devilish grin. I knew destroying it and starting over again would only bring me more torture, so I continued.
The painting was not quite what I had imagined. The consideration of actually quitting only dawned on me for a few seconds but then I realized that I had physically lost control of my hands. Internally I started to panic, trying to look away from the woman's lustful smile. On the outside she was pure as an angel but inside the Goddess of love was mischievous and ready to play tricks on any man. Maybe that was the actual image I was trying to recreate all that time.
After what felt as an eternity I had succeeded but yet the result wasn't as fulfilling as I had hoped. Before I always used to start with the eyes, but each time something was off. I felt as if her judgmental gaze would pierce into my soul, as if I was the most horrid person that ever walked the Earth. As the shape of her eyes were finally taking place, a primal fear was triggered in my system. For a moment it seemed as if I had control over my body once again, which the Goddess didn't appreciate, as her smile turned into a disappointed frown.
As I saw that, I abruptly pulled my hand away. Doing that, I felt great resistance from an unseen force. One of her thin eyebrows arched up questioning my sudden protest.
Was it day? Or was it night? I had honestly lost track. There she was - beautiful, stunning, out-of-this-world even, but her perfection was frightening. Her divine beauty felt unnatural and fake. As if it was hiding something below the surface - an ugly, evil, subversive creature, that wanted to take the last drop of sanity away from me. It was the only thing I had left and wasn't about to let it go. If before I felt unease with the masterpiece now I felt pure resentment toward it. I saw the lips move and heard false, pretended kindness come out of her mouth. She besought me to finish her heavenly, hazel eyes, so she could lay them on me. But I wasn't ready; I would never be.
I smiled, as her fate was in my hands. The puppet had become the puppeteer. The Goddess of love was once unfair to me, it was only fitting that I returned the favor. I leaned forward and began working on the final details, only leaving two blank spaces where her eyes should have been. For whatever reason I knew that if I had finished them that would mean giving up my sanity to this ambidextrous, inpatient young lady.
As everything was done I stood back admiring my work. It was perfect. Love is blind, just like Aphrodite - "The sightless Goddess of love". That night was extraordinary - no word was heard from the drawing room and no sleepless midnight roaming through the house.
Soon the masterpiece was safe behind a glass frame in the biggest gallery in the city. Safe as the artist that sacrificed his time to leave it unfinished. The gallery owner agreed to keep my anonymity, even though he couldn't understand why, judging by all the attention the panting was getting.
I never really forgot her - my little mischievous Goddess. Sometimes I give her a visit. The illustration looked like a normal, well-painted portrait, made by a talented artist. To this day relatives ask me why would I spare myself the fruits of my labor. My answer is simple, she just wasn't my type.
Written by Franchescadawnkills
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http://creepypasta.wikia.com/wiki/The_Sightless_Goddess_of_Love
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|
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Hawaii creeper (Oreomystis mana)
Where Listed: WHEREVER FOUND
11 cm. Inconspicuous bark-picker with conical, very slightly downcurved bill. Adults dull grey-green, paler below with white chin and throat, pale grey bill, and dark grey mask from base of bill to behind eye. Juvenile similar but with pale face and white superciliary.
- States/US Territories in which the Hawaii creeper, Wherever found is known to or is believed to occur: Hawaii
- US Counties in which the Hawaii creeper, Wherever found is known to or is believed to occur: View All
- USFWS Refuges in which the Hawaii creeper, Wherever found is known to occur:
Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge
- Additional species information
|Status||Date Listed||Lead Region||Where Listed|
|1975-10-28||Pacific Region (Region 1)||Wherever found|
» Federal Register Documents
|2003-10-16 00:00:00.0||68 FR 59635 59636||Draft Revised Recovery Plan for Hawaiian Forest Birds|
|2008-04-29 00:00:00.0||73 FR 23264 23266||Initiation of 5-Year Status Reviews for 70 Species in Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, and the Pacific Islands|
|2013-02-05 00:00:00.0||78 FR 8185 8187||Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Initiation of 5-Year Status Reviews of 44 Species in Oregon, Hawaii, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands|
|1975-09-25 00:00:00.0||40 FR 44149 44151||Lists of Endangered and Threatened Fauna; 40 FR 44149 44151|
|2006-09-28 00:00:00.0||71 FR 57004||Revised Recovery Plan for Hawaiian Forest Birds|
|1975-04-21 00:00:00.0||40 FR 17590 17591||Lists of Endangered and Threatened Fauna (10); 40 FR 17590 17591|
|Date||Title||Plan Action Status||Plan Status|
|2006-09-22||Revised Hawaiian Forest Birds Recovery Plan||View Implementation Progress||Final Revision 1|
|Date||Citation Page||Title||Document Type|
|2006-09-28||71 FR 57004||Revised Recovery Plan for Hawaiian Forest Birds||
|2008-04-29||73 FR 23264 23266||Initiation of 5-Year Status Reviews for 70 Species in Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, and the Pacific Islands||
|2013-02-05||78 FR 8185 8187||Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Initiation of 5-Year Status Reviews of 44 Species in Oregon, Hawaii, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands||
|2003-10-16||68 FR 59635 59636||Draft Revised Recovery Plan for Hawaiian Forest Birds||
|2015-08-18||Hawaii Creeper 5-year review 2015|
|2010-08-27||Hawaii creeper (Oreomystis mana), 5-Year Review Summary and Evaluation|
» Critical Habitat
No critical habitat rules have been published for the Hawaii creeper.
» Conservation Plans
No conservation plans have been created for Hawaii creeper.
» Life History
No Life History information has been entered into this system for this species.
» Other Resources
NatureServe Explorer Species Reports -- NatureServe Explorer is a source for authoritative conservation information on more than 50,000 plants, animals and ecological communtities of the U.S and Canada. NatureServe Explorer provides in-depth information on rare and endangered species, but includes common plants and animals too. NatureServe Explorer is a product of NatureServe in collaboration with the Natural Heritage Network.
ITIS Reports -- ITIS (the Integrated Taxonomic Information System) is a source for authoritative taxonomic information on plants, animals, fungi, and microbes of North America and the world.
FWS Digital Media Library -- The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Digital Library is a searchable collection of selected images, historical artifacts, audio clips, publications, and video.
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http://ecos.fws.gov/ecp0/profile/speciesProfile?spcode=B04M
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At the end of June 2021, the Migrant Resource Center (CRM for its acronym in Spanish) celebrated 15 years of support to migrants travelling in both directions on the border between Agua Prieta, Sonora, Mexico, and Douglas, Arizona, USA. The CRM—a collaboration of several faith-based organizations—offers food, first aid, phone calls, and information to people whom US Border Patrol has repatriated to Mexico. Additionally, in the last 15 years, the CRM has helped Mexican citizens locate relatives who might be in detention in the US and has provided support to asylum seekers. Presently the number of migrants returned to Mexico is the same or higher than in the early 2000s. On many days, more than 100 people walk into the CRM where staff meet them with a welcoming smile, food and drinks, first aid for damaged feet, and information about where to stay in Agua Prieta or how to return home.
- Pray for the safety and physical and emotional health of everyone who walks through the gate of the CRM.
- Give thanks for the volunteers who meet the migrants at any hour of the day or night.
- Mourn for every person who has died crossing the desert and those who return to Mexico damaged in body and soul.
- Celebrate with the CRM 15 years of faithful service.
- Pray that one day all migrants everywhere can travel safely.
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<urn:uuid:92075a7d-808e-46a8-9db4-ce2f02cc5d9a>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://cpt.org/2021/07/28/prayers-peacemakers-28-july-2021-usmexico-borderlands
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The Senate Education Committee took its second week of testimony on SB 103, a gutted educator evaluation bill that puts the focus on student growth rather than professional practice. Several groups spoke on the legislation and while a number of organizations supported the bill on paper, their testimony told a different story.
After letting the issue languish for nearly a year, the Senate Education Committee has finally started debating educator evaluation legislation.
On Tuesday, the Senate Education Committee took testimony on SB 103, a largely stripped down version of educator evaluation legislation introduced by committee chair Sen. Phil Pavlov (R-St. Clair). MASSP opposes this legislation and testified against the bill, which fails to ensure that Principals have access to quality evaluation tools or the training they deserve.
The House Education Committee took testimony, but did not vote Tuesday on a pair of bills that would impact secondary Principals. The first was legislation that has already passed the Senate and would restore the ability of schools to allow some bake sales and other food-related fundraisers during the school day. The second is a new bill that would allow a course in personal economics and financial literacy to substitute for a student's .5 credit economics graduation requirement—so long as the replacement course covers the state's economics content standards.
If you have done any work with Formative Assessment, CASL, or standards-based grading, or many other powerful instructional initiatives, you will have worked with learning targets. Lets talk about how learning targets are a part of our learning culture for students and learn together at #MASSPchat on April 20 at 8:00!
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<urn:uuid:b4206027-17ac-4e0d-b666-2981bd0203c1>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://mymassp.com/blog?page=51
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Über den Autor
Robert J. Tomanek, PhD, is Professor Emeritus, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City.
General concepts of blood vessel formation and remodeling.- Prenatal coronary morphogenesis.- Postnatal coronary morphogenesis and growth.- Structure-function of the coronary hierarchy.- Historical perspectives.- Coronary anomalies.- Aging.- Adaptations to exercise training.- Hypoxia.- Myocardial ischemia and infarction.- Cardiac hypertrophy.- Therapy for coronary circulation.
Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. The high metabolism and oxygen demand of the cardiac myocardium depends on both a high blood flow and a rich capillary density. For this reason, the growth of the coronary vasculature is vital, not only in early development, but also in the adult faced with various stresses. Novel technologies have enabled the discovery of the molecular mechanisms underlying the growth and assembly coronary vessels, and this volume covers the hierarchy of the coronary vasculature from its embryonic origins through its postnatal growth, adulthood, and senescence. Chapters address normal coronary development, coronary anomalies and their possible underlying developmental errors, coronary vessel adaptations to exercise training, aging, hypoxia, myocardial ischemia, and cardiac hypertrophy.
This comprehensive overview of current research in coronary vessels and myocardial perfusion was written by Dr. Robert J. Tomanek, Emeritus Professor of Anatomy and Cell Biology at the University of Iowa. The book reviews, discusses, and integrates findings from various areas of coronary vasculature research, and as a result, will be a valuable reference source for cardiovascular scientists and physicians for many years to come.
Comprehensive and current Useful for physicians and scientists Covers coronary vasculature from embryonic origins to senescence
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<urn:uuid:98bbb1fc-c4a7-4bf9-9230-96200d2acf82>
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CC-MAIN-2016-44
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https://www.moluna.de/buch/4212655-coronary+vasculature/
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|
en
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Posted on Feb 12, 2010 | Comments 2
Photography has progressed over the years in tremendous leaps and bounds. Going from the old tintype pictures of yore to black and white pictures to Polaroid and 35mm and then to digital photography you can see that the technology has progressed at an incredible pace.
What could they possibly come up with next for the casual picture taker? We have probably all seen a 3D movie, but now you can take your own 3D pictures with a digital camera.
Ikonoskop, a Swedish camera manufacturer has come up with a 3D digital camera for the casual user. Lightweight and easy to use, it will bring pleasure and fun to even the most tech challenged user.
With the technology made simple, can we expect the digital art to become three-dimensional?
Posted in: Digital Cameras
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.digitalpicturezone.com/digital-cameras/3d-moves-up-in-digital-photography/
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|
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Program at a Glance
The involvement of Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT) in SRI promotion dates back to 2006, when the methodology was piloted with a couple of partners under its existing livelihoods programme. The number of partners increased to five during 2007 with a coverage of 11,000 farmers. The appreciable success of the initial years and the encouraging studies of the report presented by eminent rice scientist Dr V. P. Singh prompted the Trust to start a full-fledged program on System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in 2008. This program was launched as part of the Trust’s strategy to address the issue of food security at household level in rainfed areas for small and marginal farmers. A budget of INR 10.94 crores was allocated for this dedicated programme on SRI.
Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT) and Allied Trusts, Mumbai, has supported a total number of 127 partner NGOs in promotion of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) through its network of nodal agencies in each of the eleven states where the Programme is in operation till the Kharif 2012-13 season. So far 1,76,847 small and marginal farmers have benefitted by adopting the SRI methodology with coverage of 89,893.30 acres through this initiative of the Trusts. The eleven states in India where SDTT and Allied Trusts has extended its support base are Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Assam and Manipur.
Livolink Foundation publishes a document titled “Strategies for the diffusion of SRI technology in eastern and north-eastern part of India”. The study on the social dimensions on SRI was undertaken by a team of experts from Centre for Environment and Development (CED), Thiruvananthapuram, to carry out a research in select SDTT-SRI programme states, for assessing factors affecting wider adoption of SRI. The document was released in presence of key Government functionaries, officials and partner NGOs during the sixth SDTT-SRI partners meet at Raipur, Chhattisgarh.
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https://www.livolink.org/system-of-rice-intensification-sri/program-details/
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The looming 8 million dollar reduction in the school budget supports a complete disregard for our community with a lack of sagacity towards public education. When our family was relocated from New York 5 years ago we chose Union County because of the schools, not because of the low taxes. We “bought” the best school district that we felt the Charlotte area had to offer, and that was Union County. It is unfortunate that the school budget is in the hands of a few who appear to not place the same value on education.
As a whole North Carolina is at the bottom of the barrel when it comes to money spent on education with a ranking of 44th in the nation. Despite this fact, Union County schools has proved to rise above this statistic. Within the state, Union County schools underspent the majority of school districts with a per pupil expenditure of 7,718 during the 2009-2010 school year, yet received the highest ranking for educational productivity. In other words we do more with less, an honorable distinction. The question we need to ask ourselves is whether we are willing to continually gamble with the educational future of our children.
Clearly, budget cuts of this magnitude will have grave consequences on our schools. There is only so far a dollar can stretch. The proposed impact of this budget cut to our schools will involve reductions in expenditures for materials and supplies, a loss of teacher positions, increased class size, short fallings in special and gifted education with a cumulative negative consequence on quality programs and education. With these types of cuts there will be clear ramifications in educational outcomes. Studies have consistently sited class size reduction as having a positive effect on academic performance especially in the elementary years. For minority students the impact is even more substantial. When material and supplies are cut parents and teachers are the recipients of making ends meet. For those parents who do not have the financial means their children will just do without. And our teachers who are already grossly underpaid will be stretched even further making it increasingly difficult to attract competent high quality professionals. So, yes… this budget reduction will have a massive impact on our schools and community, there is no doubt.
If the commissioners really are concerned with providing quality education and ensuring the vitality of this school district and community then a tax increase or some other means to address this budget shortfall should be on the table. The ability to maintain quality education for all children in this county is clearly contingent upon at least level funding for our schools even if it involves paying a bit more. By improving education we are improving our economy.
We all have an obligation to support public education; I’m just wondering how much longer we can do more with less…
Christine Somma Ph.D (ABD), Ed.M, MA/CCC-SLP
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<urn:uuid:c4e37028-7e01-492d-92c7-53078859ceb6>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://unioncountyweekly.com/news/2011/04/dollars-and-sense-2/
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|
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What is a Registered Dietitian and how do I become one?
A Registered Dietitian is a food and nutrition expert. In order to achieve the RD credential, certain academic and professional requirements must be met:
Complete a bachelor’s degree through an accredited program like the KSC Health Science/Nutrition Option. Course work must be accredited or approved by the Accreditation Council for Education in Nutrition and Dietetics (ACEND) of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. (Keene State’s degree program is accredited.)
Complete a dietetic internship accredited by ACEND. This is a separate program that students apply to after a bachelor’s degree is obtained. Students applying to dietetic internships should be aware that admittance to programs is very competitive, and it is not guaranteed that all who apply for dietetic internship programs will be accepted. In recent years, the acceptance rate has been approximately 50 percent. Dietetic internships are typically nine to twelve months long.
Pass a national examination administered by the Commission on Dietetic Registration (CDR). Applicants can sit for the exam after the completion of the dietetic internship. Passing the national examination leads to attainment of the credential of Registered Dietitian (RD).
In order to maintain registration, RDs must complete continuing professional education requirements.
Some RDs have specialty certifications, including pediatric nutrition, renal nutrition, sports nutrition, and diabetes education. These certifications are not mandatory. About 50 percent of RDs hold advanced degrees.
Many states have state-specific regulatory laws or licensing for dietitians.
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<urn:uuid:90e8f8cc-4d1a-4705-9faa-32c32e6c91cb>
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http://www.keene.edu/academics/programs/hlsc/nutrition/dietitian/
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- Rohde & Schwarz and Colby Instruments have developed a test solution that accurately simulates the the moving direction of UWB devices.
- Ultra Wide Band (UWB) technology is a short-range wireless communication protocol that enables devices to geo-locate themselves based on distance, moving direction and position relative to other UWB devices.
Rohde & Schwarz and Colby Instruments, a manufacturer of high-precision programmable delay lines, have developed a test solution for characterizing angle of arrival (AoA) and phase difference of arrival (PDoA).
This solution combines the R&S CMP200 radio communication tester and Rohde & Schwarz’s WMT software service, dedicated to the automatic testing of wireless technologies in production, with Colby Instruments’ XT-200 family of high precision delay lines. The combination of these solutions enables measurements to be made in a conducted mode, including calibration and verification phases.
To determine the distance between two devices, UWB technology measures the time of flight of a UWB signal between a transmitter and receiver. By measuring the time or phase difference of a signal received by two UWB receiving antennas, the angle of arrival can be calculated.
The delay lines allow users to characterize the DUT with a delay range of 0 to 625 ps and a resolution of 0.50 ps. This allows for accurate simulation of angles and distances. The R&S CMP200 radio communication tester, which integrates a signal analyzer and a generator in a single instrument, enables transmitter and receiver measurements in both conducted and radiated modes.
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<urn:uuid:644f408c-65c3-4197-9fba-e3cad3e7beb8>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.temcom.com/rohde-schwarz-partners-with-colby-instruments-to-provide-a-solution-for-testing-the-localization-of-uwb-devices/
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| 0.901447
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Your employer takes the tax you owe from your wages through Pay As You Earn (PAYE).
The amount you pay depends on what kind of benefits you get and their value, which your employer works out.
Check your Income Tax to see how company benefits affect the tax you pay.
Some company benefits can be tax-free, eg childcare and canteen meals.
You have to pay tax and National Insurance on things that are paid in cash, as they’re treated as earnings.
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<urn:uuid:acba0e8d-0b4c-4091-b70e-5f42c00ea812>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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The identity of O’Neill Triangle’s namesake is something of a mystery. The Board of Aldermen named it O’Neill Square in 1940, stating they were naming it after “a World War I hero named O’Neill.” However, they mentioned no first name. Records list more than a dozen New York residents named O’Neill who fought in World War I, but none of them was from the Bronx. Starting in the early 1930s, the City named many parks after World War I veterans without regard to where they grew up. Historians offer several possibilities of who the unknown veteran was: Private Lewis E.G. O’Neill, who died of war wounds in November of 1918; Sergeant Richard W. O’Neil, of the 165th Infantry; or Corporal Alfred H. O’Neil, also of the 165th Infantry. Others suggest that it was named after Patrick J. O’Neil, a realtor and major local figure in the Democratic Party. The park was renamed O’Neill Triangle in 1997 because it has three sides.
O’Neill Triangle is bordered by Elton Avenue, East 161st St., and Washington Avenue. Tracks from the old New York and Harlem Railroad run underneath the park. It lies in the neighborhood of Morrisania, originally the estate of the Morris family, one of the early, aristocratic families to inhabit the Bronx. The most famous Morris was Gouverneur Morris (1752-1816), one of the leading American politicians during and after the American Revolution. Witty and urbane, his greatest achievement was to write the final draft of the Constitution, giving the document its coherent form and elegant language.
Aside from politics, his pride and joy was his estate, Morrisania. At the time, Morrisania was a gentleman’s farm in the country, far away from the noise and bustle of New York City, which then inhabited only the southern tip of Manhattan. Morris spent much of his later years making improvements to the estate and building and rebuilding his mansion to fit his aristocratic tastes. The estate was a haven from the world, in the same mode as Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello or George Washington’s Mount Vernon. However, unlike those domiciles, Morrisania did not survive. In 1848, Gouverneur Morris Jr. sold the estate to a developer, who converted it into Morrisania Village. The village expanded to become the town of Morrisania, and in 1874 it was annexed by New York City as part of the 23rd ward.
In the early part of 2000, Parks completed a $52,126 reconstruction of O’Neill Triangle, funded by Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani. The renovation refurbished the asphalt pavements, paths, and playing surfaces, concrete sidewalks and pavements, tennis and basketball court surfaces, and chain link fences. It also included general site work, such as bench repair, flagpoles, drinking fountains, painting and landscape restoration work. This work was carried out as part of the Greenstreets program. Begun in 1986 and revived in 1994, Greenstreets is a program of Parks and Transportation funded through Parks’ capital budget that plants trees and shrubs in some of the smaller city parks and squares. O’Neill Triangle remains a small green haven in the midst of a busy city, reminiscent of this neighborhood’s historic past.
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From Poetic Economy to Significatogenesis is a performance by Benjamin Efrati and Noel Sarlaw produced by the Monnaie de Paris in 2010 as part of the online exhibition Art et Argent: Liaisons Dangereuses.
Following on from Merjom Climacus and the 2008 work on significatogenesis, Benjamin Efrati extends his questioning on signification in art in terms of the contemporary economy. Noel Sarlaw, historian of experimental economic thought, adds a degree of scientific poetry to the demonstration.
Does the meaning of an artwork determine its value? Frédéric Lordon, inspired by Spinoza and Marx, claims that value is a construction, that an object never has intrinsic economic value. If this is the case, the consequence in art history is that economic indicators reflect the enthusiasm of the public rather than the inherent value of the content or form of a work. Deadlock for art or the economy? Not at all, the art market remains a flourishing field with shifting borders.
Lordon à Pompidou is a short film directed by Benjamin Efrati in 2010. It was screened as part of the performance From economics of poetry to significatogenesis.
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Perhaps it’s a self portrait, and I am the cup — beset by indefinable and menacing-seeming massivities on either side. Under me is a solid slab, but it’s probably cold — solid but cold.
Or maybe it’s your portrait. Maybe it’s not me — I am a sunny optimist, after all. So maybe I just drew it, and it’s your portrait.
At least it has abundant green, green like leafy forest over-hanging canopy. And it has orange, warming deep and comforting. And that emblematic slab — the tile coaster where the coffee mug sits — is blue ethereal. And those un-identifiable massivities are night colored like a field of stars. The emblems, the symbolism are much to unravel.
Maybe it’s just a still life of a coffee mug. But one cannot rule out the symbolic portrait.
Which is it? You or me?
All you have to ask yourself is: “What do human beings do?” What characterizes the human story? Compare us with the animals, and ask what are we particularly good at? And here one asks not about the geniuses only, but about each ordinary person. We are creators of ourselves and discoverers of ourselves too, and molding this individual personality is the chief business of each person’s existence. And too, it is a marvel how people project the sense of themselves upon others, how you can walk past a total stranger and merely nod the most summary of greetings and receive in return a distinct impression of this unknown other. Sometimes quick impressions of this sort turn out to have been very revealing.
We ought to be teaching it in school, using every subject and every endeavor to get the message across, bending every discipline to the task – science, art, history, literature, music, having all these things as tools for creating the self, for becoming a person.
I think the great Aussi poet Paul Squires read my mind.
Anything with water in it seems very psychologically suspicious to me! Water is Nature’s great big mirror, and all landscapes with water strike me as sideways alllusions to Narcissus!
Look into these waters and see the waves in my mind! Cause I’m deep!
But, really. Blue is such a rich, luxurious color. We are all wealthy beyond our dreams on a day when we stand beneath a deep blue sky. I make this series of landscapes in my apartment studio from photographs and imagination. Sometimes the weather outside has been frigid and grey. But indoors its 72 degrees, humid and mild beyond measure beside the river bank of my thoughts where many singing birds sound out their bright chorus.
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Posted on 23/11/2016 by Jan Woerner
Moon Village: A vision for global cooperation and Space 4.0
Editor's note: This is a cross-post from the ESA Ministerial Council 2016 minisite.
From the earliest astronomy to the space race, humankind has witnessed a constant evolution in the exploration and use of space. Now, with the International Space Station (ISS), an unparalleled level of cooperation has been achieved which has continued largely unaffected by any crises that may be occurring on Earth: many nations all pulling together, demonstrating day in, day out, just how important it is to invest in research and technology.
The paradigm shift that we see today in space activities is best encapsulated by the term ‘Space 4.0’, and the ‘Moon Village’ concept seeks to transform this paradigm shift into a set of concrete actions and create an environment where both international cooperation and the commercialisation of space can thrive.
The Moon Village concept was developed through a process of thorough analysis but it is vital to understand that what we are describing is neither a project nor a programme. By ‘Moon Village’ we do not mean a development planned around houses, some shops and a community centre. Rather, the term ‘village’ in this context refers this: a community created when groups join forces without first sorting out every detail, instead simply coming together with a view to sharing interests and capabilities.
The Moon Village is open to any and all interested parties and nations. There are no stipulations as to the form their participation might take: robotic and astronaut activities are equally sought after. You might see not only scientific and technological activities, but also activities based on exploiting resources or even tourism. It is precisely the open nature of the concept that would allow many nationalities to go to the Moon and take part while leaving behind them on Earth any differences of opinion.
From a scientific perspective, the Moon is truly fascinating, firstly as an archive of Earth's early history, but also because you could site a radio telescope on the far side of the Moon and stare deep into the Universe without any interference from human made signals. For future space missions, you could develop and test methods based on new technologies, such as additive manufacturing, that could potentially make use of locally available resources.
Moon Village is not a single project, nor a fixed plan with a defined time table. It’s a vision for an open architecture and an international community initiative.
It is clear that in the future, humans will take part in crewed flights farther into the Solar System, so the Moon Village could also act as the perfect springboard and testing ground with that objective in mind.
The Moon Village concept has the potential, by providing fascination and inspiration in equal measure, to awaken renewed interest in STEM subjects, with benefits being felt well beyond the world of space. Now we must bring interested parties together so as to achieve at least some degree of coordination and exploitation of potential synergies.
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By Rodrigue Tremblay
“The problems we face today cannot be solved by the minds that created them.”
Albert Einstein (1879-1955), Physicist and Professor, Nobel Prize 1921
“I don’t see (subprime mortgage market troubles) imposing a serious problem. I think it’s going to be largely contained.”
U.S. Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson, April 20 2007
“Providing assistance to banks and their borrowers can be counterproductive, resulting in increased losses to banks, which often … take unproductive risks at government expense. The typical result … is a deeper hole in the net worth of banks, crippling tax burdens to finance bank bailouts, and even more severe credit supply contraction and economic decline.”
The International Monetary Fund (IMF), (Study of financial crises from 1970 to 2007)
“The dirty little secret … is that every Republican in this country wants Obama to fail, but none of them have the guts to say so; I am willing to say it.”
Rush Limbaugh, radio activist, February 27, 2009
It has become a truism to say that the Democrats and the Obama administration now “own” the crucial issue of the economy. Justly or unjustly, voters are bound to hold them accountable for the poor state of the U.S. economy. This is not an enviable political position to be in just before an election, at a time when disgusted voters are most angry and very anxious about the economy and their economic future. Recent polls indicate that nearly two-thirds of Americans think their nation is in a state of decline and that the economy will remain in the same recessionary state or get worse next year.
Contrary to what President Franklin D. Roosevelt did in the 1930s, President Barack Obama did not confront the banking industry head-on after fraudulent practices caused one of the worst financial crises in U.S. history. In particular, he did not reverse the blanket financial deregulation that the Clinton and Bush administrations engineered in 1999 , in 2000, in 2004, in 2005 and in 2007 that allowed for creating mortgage-linked synthetic subprime securities and for betting against them. Instead, his economic operatives (Geithner, Summers, Bernanke, Orszag, Emanuel, (L.A.) Sachs, Romer, Bair,..etc.) threw trillions of public dollars to the largest banks, allowing top bankers to keep enjoying hundreds of million of dollars in yearly bonuses, at a time when some 300,000 Americans are losing their homes through foreclosures every month. Such a persistent epidemic of home foreclosures is creating a tremendous drag on the economy, besides being a social disaster. —The system that is responsible for so many home foreclosures has not been fixed, although valiant attempts have been made to mitigate the process.
Meanwhile, also with the intention of saving the largest banks, regulators began pressing the banks to raise capital asset ratios and to shrink their risk assets. The Bernanke Fed went so far as to lend money to the largest banks at zero interest rate, while paying interest on the excess reserves the banks kept at the Fed, a practice that resulted in an outright gift to the banks.
All these policies have resulted in tightening credit availability and in provoking the largest plunge in the M3 money supply since the Great Depression. As long as this condition endures, there won’t be any substantial economic recovery in the United States.
Just as Obama did for the wars, when he kept in position and even promoted Bush operatives Gates and Petraeus, Obama kept or brought back as his economic team some of the very Wall Street-connected people who were responsible for creating the conditions that led to the financial crisis in the first place.
Now, at mid-term, President Barack Obama is saddled with the devastating image of a defender and promoter of Bush’s wars in Afghanistan and Iraq and is viewed by many as having sided with Wall Street bankers against Main Street folks, just as George W. Bush did with his Goldman Sachs-connected Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson and his banking bailouts. To many Americans, indeed, the Obama administration looks more and more like a third-term Bush II administration. For many Americans, it’s a nightmare.
The biggest mistake that President Barack Obama seems to have made, at the beginning of his mandate, was to not disassociate himself more clearly from the previous Bush administration. Now, it’s too late, and unfortunately for him and the divided Democrats, they are poised to suffer the wrath of an enraged and disillusioned electorate.
Indeed, with U.S. real unemployment rate hovering around 17 percent, with 3 out of 4 workers telling pollsters that they doubt that their wages will increase next year, with many American households’ financial situation deteriorating, with home foreclosures approaching 10 million, with huge fiscal deficits and future tax hikes likely, with the Bernanke Fed adopting third-world monetary policies in monetizing the public debt, and with an overall anemic economic growth, the Obama administration and the Democratic Congress are going into the November 2 midterm elections with many monkeys on their backs and very little public confidence.
The only thing that runs in their favor is the poor quality and vision of their Republican opponents who have followed an obstructionist strategy and have sided time and again with lobbyists, thus blocking most attempts to straighten things up. Only a credible campaign to persuade the electorate in extremis that Democrat incumbents are “less worse” than their Republican opponents, coupled with a high turnout at the polls could prevent a Democratic bloodbath in the U.S. Congress, especially in the House of Representatives, next November. —If not, President Barack Obama will officially become a lame-duck president after November 2, and Congress will be paralyzed at a very crucial time when strong leadership is required to get out of the economic mess. This is a most unappealing perspective.
Rodrigue Tremblay is professor emeritus of economics at the University of Montreal. He is the author of the book “The Code for Global Ethics” at: Dr tremblay is a regular contributor to Opinion Maker.
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Has anyone considered the angle that maybe spending 24/7 in a rather sterile spaceship can make you partial towards "little spots of nature" to reconnect with something "natural" and "organic"? In my experience humans who spend a lot of time cooped up indoors with nothing "green" in sight tend to try to compensate for this in some way. Think potted plants in the office. This might just be more pronounced/exaggerated on starships, don't you think? If you discount the Arboretum and the ("fake") nature on the holodeck, there's not much "nature" on the Enterprise. So maybe the crew tries to make up for that. That would also explain why plants seem to be such a popular gift in the ST:TNG universe...
It would also be interesting to see whether non-human crewmembers share the "plants by the bed" thing. Data acquires a bed at some point, but AFAIK he has no plants near it/ at its head. And what about, say, Worf? Do we ever get to see his bed, and does it have plants? Troi is half-human after all, so maybe human nature is a factor.
As to why the plants are near the bed: Maybe it's just convenient. (You see them every evening/morning, less chance to forget to care for them, if 24th century plants need watering/trimming/fertiliser. Since Keiko's orchids apparently recquire active care I think it is reasonable to assume that they do.) Or maybe it adds to the "view"? Space + plants = prettier than just space? Or it's a left-over affectation from the days of the good old Terran windowsill, as a classical plant-space? Or, a less "esoteric" reason: Starfleet regulates these things, and for some (possibly emergency-related) reason, plants may only be placed in certain parts of/places in your quarters.
I know that this question is old, but I just felt that this angle deserved to be mentioned.
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Welcome to my ultimate guide to sweet potato.
I have to say that I am a huge fan of sweet potato and I have been enjoying them for a while now. But it wasn’t something that I ever tried until about two years ago. The way I always saw it was that white potatoes was cheaper, sweet potatoes were so small and its not like you could eat them in the same way as you could with a white potato.
So I would buy them rarely as a treat but over the last 12 months I have turned into a sweet potato addict. As I type this I know that I have about three medium sweet potatoes in my kitchen and that they will be used in some nice dishes later in the week.
Because sweet potatoes cost more, I seem to have a bigger plan in mind when it comes to eating them. This means that the meals that have my sweet potatoes in them always end up really delicious, though I do sneak in some sweet potato fries when I get the chance.
Here are my typical dishes that I use my sweet potatoes in:
- Sweet potato fries
- Chicken casserole
- Sweet potato mash (also great as a pie topping)
- Garlic sweet potatoes (perfect for on top of soup)
- Sweet potato and cauliflower soup
- Sweet potato and vegetable tray bake
- Baked sweet potato with mince
- Coconut chicken & sweet potato curry
- Sweet potato roasties (who said they had to be white potatoes)
- Sweet potato & butternut squash risotto
But first of all I am sure you want to know more about sweet potato….
What is sweet potato?
I love the definition given by Wikipedia for the sweet potato:
The sweet potato is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the family Convolvulaceae. Its large, starchy, sweet-tasting, tuberous roots are a root vegetable. The young leaves and shoots are sometimes eaten as greens.
Well I have never eaten the young leaves that is for sure 😉 I also note that it is used by a lot of Paleo followers for an alternative to white potatoes and because it is a vegetable it still has a lot of health benefits. If you want to be semi healthy then it doesn’t get any better than adding sweet potato to your casseroles and stews especially over these winter months when we crave something lovely and warm over winter.
What are the benefits of eating sweet potato?
For benefits the sweet potato is better for you than you would think.
These are probably the most famous benefits of the sweet potato but some of these you may not have heard of:
Low in calorie – 100g of sweet potato is just 86 calories.
Vitamin C – The sweet potato is very high in vitamin C something that we all need in winter to attempt to avoid a cold or the flu.
Excellent high carb alternative – Many people turn to sweet potato because it has better carbs in it than the white potato. It also doesn’t leave you as bloated or lethargic.
Versatile – When I mentioned the ten recipes above it was ones that came into my head quickly because there is just such a big range of dishes you can make with sweet potato.
High in vitamin D – This is the same vitamin that we get from the sun so it is perfect for the winter months.
High in magnesium – Magnesium is very high in sweet potatoes and is linked to improving depression. So if you have the winter blues then it is time to have more sweet potato.
Good for weight loss – because it is a low sugar release food and because of its other vitamins it is good for keeping your sugar levels better balanced and this results in eating less sugary produce.
What else can you cook with sweet potato
After my talented virtual assistants researched online for recipes with the delicious sweet potato, I went through them and chose my ten favourite recipes. All of these dishes are easy to make and make good use out of the sweet potato, as I am sure like with us you want to get your monies worth!
Actually I lied. After going through different blogs I realised there was so many nice ones that I expanded to 15!!!!
Top 15 Sweet Potato Recipes:
If you would like to learn even more about sweet potato then we thoroughly recommend that you read our infographic below:
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December 9, 2009
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi has been collecting and analysing data on the question, “What is the good life?” since 1967. He explores issues such as the structure of everyday life, develops well-known concepts such as psychic entropy and challenge-skill ratio (CSR). MC’s flow model and the Experience Sampling Method blend the science of pyschology and folksy-self-help (1997) He reveals that the moments of flow where an individual experiences a good challenge-skill ratio, are likely to happen at work (2000:121-123) although they can also occur when an artist is at work in her studio, or a Nintendo players is up to her game.
Memory: Floods and Flows
“The American psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi has written about the concept of flow, which is the feeling we have of being completely focused on and absorbed in the work we are doing. An artist painting a picture who is so engrossed in his work that he becomes unaware of himself and the passage of time is in a state of flow. Flow can also be attained when a surgeon performs a difficult operation in which she has to use all her abilities and skills. What Csikszentmihalyi has tried to do is identify the circumstances that elicit flow. He reasons that if we analyze situations in terms of the challenges they present and the skills of the person involved in them, we find that flow arises in contexts characterized by a high level of challenge and skill, in which capacity of the doer exactly matches the demands of the task being done (Klingberg 2009:167-8).”
“Considering Csikszentmihalyi’s diagram as a cognitive map with north at the top, it is in the northeast sector where we find the state of flow. When the challenge exceeds skill, we get stres. When skill exceeds challenge we get a sense of control, which becomes boredom as the level of challenge drops. Exchange “skill” for “working memory capacity” and “challenge” for “Information overload,” and perhaps we have a map illustrating the subjective side of the information demand. When this demand exceeds our capacity, we experience the relative attention deficit due north of the map. However, we should not simply avoid these demands, for when they are too low we become bored and apathetic. In other words, there is a reason for us to cater to our need for stimulation and information. It is when demand and capacity, or skill and challenge, are in a state of equilibrium that the situation is conducive to flow. And perhaps it is precisely here, where we exploit our full capacity, that we develop and train our abilities (Klingberg 2009:168)”
“While our working memory load exactly matches working memory capacity and we hover around the magical number seven, the training effect is its most powerful. Now that we know this, it is up to us to control our environments and reshape the work we do to our abilities. Let us hope that we can learn to perfect the compass that will show us where to find balance and help us navigate into the northeast corner of the map, where we can feel the flow and develop to our full capacity (Klingberg 2009:169).” Read the rest of this entry »
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Norway bids to capture business by capturing carbon
Carbon capture and storage projects face long odds, struggling to show the technology can both work and be affordable. But the potential benefits of success could be huge, allowing the world to burn oil, coal and gas without unleashing runaway climate change. Greenhouse gases emitted by burning fossil fuels would then be pumped back underground, preventing them from warming the planet.
If it works, Norway could keep selling its vast deposits of oil and gas; otherwise most forecasts predict that the use of fossil fuels would need to be sharply curtailed. And the country could make use of its depleted oil and gas reservoirs under the North Sea to store CO2 emitted by factories and power plants from other parts of Europe — for a fee.
The problem is that carbon capture and storage (CCS) is hugely expensive and technologically difficult. There are also questions as to how safely the gas can be stored underground without eventually leaking back up into the atmosphere.
As a result, carbon capture and storage projects from Poland to Saskatchewan, have been stalled, eliminated or over budget. The U.K. in November binned a £1 billion CCS competition project. There are currently 15 large-scale projects around the world, according to a report by the Global CCS Institute.
Norway has one of the world’s most ambitious CCS research programs, a sign of its enormous importance for the country’s future. The country assessed three emission-capturing pilot projects in a report issued Monday, together with options for shipping and storing the CO2. It found that setting up a full-scale CCS plant in Norway would cost between €780 million and €1.36 billion.
“When it comes to fighting climate change, CCS costs way too much now,” Tord Lien, Norway’s energy minister, said. “Costs have to be brought down … but if you are looking at how to handle greenhouse gas emissions without CCS, that is most likely going to cost a lot of more.”
Norway pushes on
Norway’s hope is that a world which committed to limiting global warming to significantly less than 2 degrees Celsius in the Paris climate agreements is one where carbon capture and storage could play a key role.
But the costs are still astronomical, although those in favor of the technology believe it is crucial to reaching Europe’s goal of reducing greenhouse gases by 80 to 95 percent from 1990 levels by 2050.
In order to get CCS “functioning and working,” the carbon price in the EU’s Emissions Trading System would have to be from €70 to €90 per ton, Ian Duncan, a British MEP from the European Conservatives and Reformists Group, said at a POLITICO Energy Visions event last month. The current price is around €5 per ton.
Environmental groups are suspicious of carbon storage, and of Norway’s intentions. Their worry is that the money and time devoted to trying to develop the technology takes attention away from proven ways of cutting greenhouse gases, such as shifting economies towards renewable energy sources.
Brook Riley from Friends of the Earth Europe called Norway’s carbon capture and storage plans “a spoke in the wheel of the energy transition.”
“As long as Norway and others claim the technology may deliver one day in the distant future, full-scale EU commitment to energy efficiency and renewables will be delayed,” he said.
The vision of a world powered by windmills and solar panels is one that leaves much of Norway’s oil and gas unsold.
Even with the incentive of showing that CSS can be a viable technology, Norway has had trouble making it work.
In 2013, the country’s former center-left government dropped its ambitious plans for a full-scale CCS project after spending about €1 billion on the scheme over the previous six years. Dogged by delays and ballooning costs, the project turned into a political scandal and had to be abandoned.
“The main challenge is obviously people’s perception of CCS as a really difficult and expensive technology, [with] the last project’s failure … actually linked to really poor project management,” said Sirin Engen, with the Oslo office of the non-profit environmental group Bellona.
While not giving up on the idea, the current center-right government is now pursuing more modest schemes, spending only about €70 million this year.
The previous project involved “a lot of big words, a lot of festivities, a lot of ambitious targets,” Lien said. “We have chosen a completely different approach.”
Instead of one big and expensive project, the country is testing several CO2 sequestration technologies, while also looking separately at storage options under the North Sea.
Just outside of Oslo, a tangle of pipes at the Klemetsrud garbage treatment plant is supposed to test the viability of carbon capture and storage. The pilot project snatches a small proportion of the CO2 emitted by burning trash.
The plant emits over 300,000 tons of carbon dioxide per year, or about 20 percent of the city’s total emissions, and it would need an investment of about €200 million to set up a working system able to capture 90 percent of the CO2, said Johnny Stuen, the plant’s technical director.
The government’s report found CO2 capture is feasible at all three pilot plant locations. It encourages industry to prepare for the next phase in CCS by working on technical requirements and engineering design.
Norway’s original goal was to have a full-scale CCS facility by 2020, but in a sign of the technology’s problems, Lien said the deadline would be delayed by another two years.
If the industrial capture schemes are shown to be both technologically and financially workable, there would be widespread interest beyond Norway. CCS could be used to capture about 10 percent of the CO2 emitted by the EU by 2050, according to reports.
Energy-intensive industries “have very limited options in terms of what they can use — they do require a fossil fuel input,” Marie Donnelly, director general of Commission’s renewable energy division, said at the Energy Visions event. “We want the industry to be in Europe, we want the growth and we want the jobs from it and therefore we will have to find solutions that work for the industry in terms of their emissions.”
Some CCS schemes call for CO2 to be stored close to industrial plants, but there are also ideas for using more distant sites — and that’s where Norway comes into the picture.
Statoil recently completed a feasibility study into the possibility of sequestering large amounts of CO2 under the North Sea in old oil and gas fields. The best option would be to store it in the Troll gas field, about 50 kilometers from the coast, according to the government report.
“This solution has the lowest implementation risk, large storage capacity and it is relatively easy to develop the capacity of the infrastructure,” it reads.
If carbon capturing technology becomes cheaper, EU countries would be able to ship CO2 to Norway and then pay to store it.
“They assume Europe will have a problem,” said Bellona’s Keith Whiriskey. “The steel mills in Rotterdam and the refineries in Germany — that CO2 has to go somewhere and Norway has by far the largest physical capacity to store CO2 in Europe.”
Lien said that from the perspective of global climate change it doesn’t matter if CO2 is stored in Norway or elsewhere, “but if we can contribute and also create a business model, [then] better for us.”
Not everyone is thrilled with making CCS work. Riley worried it would keep Europe hooked on fossil fuel imports.
“That’s probably the whole point of Norway’s plan: keep us dependent on gas and make us dependent on their CO2 storage,” he said.
But Whiriskey saw a upside to Norway’s CCS evangelism.
Norway earned a lot of money selling greenhouse gas-emitting oil and gas, “so maybe they should put some money to help solve the problem,” he said.
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The Handyguys discuss the controls and maintenance of a John Deere LA115 lawn tractor in this audio only podcast.
When Handyguy Paul first received his LA115, he sat on the seat, stared at the controls and realized he better read the manual. It is not as simple as turning the ignition and mowing the lawn. Your first step when using any power equipment is to read the manual and understand all the potential dangers involved. The Handyguys mention a couple of these safety warnings:
- Any power tools with rotating blades are dangerous but mowers have the added danger of being mobile.
- They will amputate any human limb that gets in their way.
- They can hurl objects through their discharges.
Please review and understand all the controls and safety devices on the mower before using for the first time.
Do not allow children to play with or on mower. Do not give rides as it could encourage children to treat the mower as a toy. You don’t want children running out to a moving mower while you are mowing and unaware of their presence. Children should stay away from mowers and understand its dangers.
The Handyguys explain the controls and features of the LA115 tractor. Here are some of the features that the Handyguys noted in their podcast are:
- This model has a combined choke and throttle lever.
- There is a “window” under the seat revealing your gas level
- In order for the mower to start, you must have a brake depressed, the blades disengaged and be sitting on the seat.
Listen to the podcast for a full review of the LA115 controls
Like any mower, you must maintain the engine and chassis to keep it running smoothly. Most important, you must change your engine oil after the first 8 hours of mowing and every 50 hours after that. The Handyguys will be releasing a video detailing this maintenance within the next month. Be sure to check it out for details on basic maintenance, including changing engine oil, lubrication and removing the deck.
Your owners manual has some good tips regarding technique. For a healthier lawn mix up your pattern from week to week. Essentially you will want to do the edges and around flower beds first then cut even rows over the remainder of your lawn. Overlap your cuts a little to make sure you don’t miss a spot.
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In January, Those Cats, a soul and funk band from Statesboro, Georgia, used Kickstarter to solicit funding for their début album. In a video on the site, Scott Underwood, a drummer who works as a cook, listed the project’s expenses. “All these things add up,” he said, in a charming drawl. “And, frankly, our resources are limited.” Supporters pledged thirty-four hundred and fifty-nine dollars. Not bad, but hardly enough for the band members to quit their day jobs.
Kevin Kelly, in his 2008 essay “1,000 True Fans,” imagined a class of artists supporting themselves not through mass popularity but by building a community of dedicated fans who would buy everything they produced. “I am suggesting there is a home for creatives in between poverty and stardom,” he wrote. “Somewhere lower than stratospheric bestsellerdom, but higher than the obscurity of the long tail. I don’t know the actual true number, but I think a dedicated artist could cultivate 1,000 True Fans, and by their direct support using new technology, make an honest living.”
In the years since, crowdfunding has allowed tens of thousands of artists to realize one part of Kelly’s vision—they are connecting with fans who are helping them fund their art. (Kelly himself mounted a Kickstarter campaign in 2012 to fund the second volume of a “techno epic graphic novel” called “The Silver Cord.”) A show at MOMA a few years ago included four Kickstarter-funded works. Last year, a Kickstarter-funded film called “Innocente” won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Subject. Nineteen films at this year’s Sundance Film Festival originated on Kickstarter; another six Sundance films were funded on Indiegogo, a similar site.
Discussions of crowdfunding tend to focus on the blockbusters—Amanda Palmer’s million-dollar campaign to produce an album after breaking from her label, or fans rallying to finance a film version of the cancelled television show “Veronica Mars.” But these projects are exceptional. The truth is that relatively few artists have crowdfunded their way to an “honest living.” Of the nearly fifty-six thousand projects funded on Kickstarter, about three-quarters have raised less than ten thousand dollars. The poster child of crowdfunding is not Amanda Palmer, it’s Those Cats. And for Those Cats, music isn’t paying the bills.
In her essay “In the Name of Love,” Miya Tokumitsu argues that the mantra “Do what you love, love what you do” devalues the “arduous, low-wage work” of many Americans, and “reinforces exploitation even within the so-called lovable professions, where off-the-clock, underpaid, or unpaid labor is the new norm.” She writes, “It should be no surprise that unpaid interns abound in fields that are highly socially desirable, including fashion, media, and the arts.”
If we believe artists perform labor of value, we should also care about how (and whether) they get paid. A vibrant culture benefits from a creative middle class—arts workers who earn enough to support themselves and their families. For some artists, the marketplace offers sustaining income (a part in a long-running Broadway show, for example, or a job as a graphic designer at an ad agency); for others, it offers nominal financial support (the average book advance). Non-profit institutions provide artists both direct support and employment, funded by a combination of private philanthropy, public giving, endowment income, and ticket sales. Many artists also work in academia—the number of post-secondary art, drama, and music teachers grew from around fifty-eight thousand in 2002 to more than ninety-two thousand in 2012.
According to an analysis of government data by the National Endowment for the Arts, in 2010 twelve per cent of working artists had a different primary job. Yancey Strickler, a co-founder of Kickstarter and, since last fall, its C.E.O., told me that his father is a guitar player and a country singer who has supported himself as a travelling waterbed salesman his entire life.
Crowdfunding has undoubtedly funnelled lots of cash into the arts. According to a report released last year, in 2012 around three hundred crowdfunding platforms raised about $2.7 billion across all categories (artistic and otherwise); twelve per cent of that went to films and the performing arts, and eight per cent to music-related projects. In 2013, supporters gave four hundred and eighty million dollars to projects on Kickstarter alone—about three and a half times the N.E.A.’s budget for 2013, after sequestration. According to Sunil Iyengar, the director of the office of research and analysis at the N.E.A., some arts organizations are using crowdfunding to meet the “match” required by certain N.E.A. grants. Even so, crowdfunding is still a small fraction of the sum donated to arts nonprofits by private donors, which was thirteen billion dollars in 2011.
One sweetly idealistic site, Gittip, invites users to donate money toward a weekly salary for “people you love and are inspired by,” no strings attached. But Gittip is tiny, and most crowdfunding is aimed at specific projects. (Kickstarter prohibits “fund my life” campaigns.) We give to a campaign because we want to be part of a project and enjoy the work it will yield. The ethos of crowdfunding is participatory.
When it comes to supporting a creative middle class, the most promising aspect of crowdfunding seems to be the access to traditional sources of income it offers after the work has been made. For example, a new theatre company might use crowdfunding to establish a track record that will make it eligible for larger grants, enabling it to pay its actors; a filmmaker might make a movie that catches the attention of a distributor; or a comic-book artist might build a following for her work, allowing her to sell more copies in bookstores and online.
Some project-based campaigns do include compensation for artists, but rarely in amounts that can sustain them for very long: a Kickstarter drive for a feature film called “Duke’s World” raised just over twelve thousand dollars, including pay for actors, extras, and camera and sound operators; a play and art installation about the BP oil spill whose twenty-five-thousand-dollar Indiegogo campaign closed in December, included compensation for actors, designers, and the director. Some individual artists also include an allocation for living expenses while they’re working on their project—for example, Hannah Engelkamp’s Kickstarter campaign to complete a book and film about her journey around Wales with a donkey budgeted “a modest amount of money for living very cheaply in Aberystwyth, so that we can afford to not take on any other work.”
Even in cases where compensating artists is the whole point, the compensation isn’t much. The choreographer Amy Seiwert raised just over four thousand dollars to pay eight dancers about five hundred dollars each for a week’s worth of rehearsal and performance. The Irondale Ensemble Project and American Opera Projects are currently attempting to raise twenty thousand dollars on Kickstarter to mount a folk opera about Harriet Tubman and a musical about abolitionists in Brooklyn before the Civil War, with contributions going “directly to our creators—composer, Nkeiru Okoye, our hardworking casts of actors and singers, talented instrumentalists from the Harlem Chamber Orchestra, local chorus members, and technical artists.”
Perhaps the number of artists who use crowdfunding to connect with a thousand true fans, as Kevin Kelly envisioned, will grow as fund-raising technology—and the culture surrounding it—matures. Still, in our excitement over the creative projects made possible by crowdfunding, we shouldn’t forget that a flourishing creative middle class requires good jobs for arts workers and healthy arts institutions. It’s not enough to help artists fund projects—we need to help a meaningful number of artists turn projects into careers.
Photograph: Oli Scarff/Getty
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Critical infrastructure globally across sectors are at a particularly vulnerable state due to the continued heightened pace of cyberattacks on the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), according to a report from Lloyd’s Register Foundation, the U.K.-based global safety charity. Lloyd’s suggests a series of measures to meet the increasing IIoT risks to energy, transport, built and physical infrastructure, as well as manufacturing, since the Covid-19 pandemic engulfed the world earlier this year.
The core finding of the report is that the current pace of change will not match the fast emergence of new security threats to IIoT environments. Current capabilities do not scale, have not been tested or simply do not yet exist, believes Lloyd’s.
The study also suggests that many complacent organizations may not be able to recover from a catastrophic cyberattack, and therefore each needs to prepare for such a mindset through regulation and insurance that can build preventative security practices.
The report, co-written principally by Robert Hannigan, executive international chairman of BlueVoyant, and Oxford University cybersecurity professor Sadie Creese, aims to prioritize action by identifying key emerging risks, and gaps in capability for which the current pace of change in operational cybersecurity will not be sufficient. In these environments, the consequences of failure can be systemic, and the report calls for international cooperation and the urgent adoption from the IIoT community of guiding principles to increase resilience to cyberattacks.
Lloyd’s noted the differing perspectives of those responsible for managing risk within industry, which includes operations executives and board members, companies and regulators, procurement and cybersecurity teams, and urges increased cyber awareness for all.
Managing cybersecurity risks already faces many challenges, including the sheer difficulty of trying to map the complicated relationships between technical and human systems, and the challenges of communication between different communities where the frameworks for understanding risk are fundamentally different.
Throw IIoT into the mix and these existing challenges become even more exacerbated, creating key capability gaps that Lloyd’s suggests organizations should address by:
- Always consider harm consequences when planning how to manage risks
- Consider how security controls may fail as you increase use of IoT devices
- Use techniques that can provide you with a continuous assessment of your position (near real-time) as opposed to periodic assessments
- Consider how your supply-chains are using IoT: consider their failure to maintain cyber security as risk to your security risk management plans
- Invest in forensic readiness processes
- Include a consideration of future scenarios in your risk assessments
- Invest in training for staff on IoT standards and good practice
- Collaborate to establish a device interface protocol for sharing security monitoring information
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"At home and in government, contemporary America finds itself riven by a culture war in which aggression and defensiveness alike are on the rise. It is not alone. In such partisan conditions, how can humans best approach one another across our differences? Taking the study of whiteness and white supremacy as a guiding light, Claudia Rankine explores a series of real encounters with friends and strangers - each disrupting the false comfort of spaces where our public and private lives intersect, like the airport, the theatre, the dinner party and the voting booth - and urges us to enter into the conversations which could offer the only humane pathways through this moment of division. Just Us is an invitation to discover what it takes to stay in the room together, and to breach the silence, guilt and violence that surround whiteness. Brilliantly arranging essays, images and poems along with the voices and rebuttals of others, it counterpoints Rankine's own text with facing-page notes and commentary, and closes with a bravura study of women confronting the political and cultural implications of dyeing their hair blonde."--Publisher's description.
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https://projects.iq.harvard.edu/hksdigitalbookdisplay/publications/just-us-american-conversation
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Improving outcomes for service users in adult placement - Commissioning and care management
Introduction - Policy context
This project has been carried out during a period of considerable change for social care services, and particularly for adult placement.
In August 2004 new regulations and national minimum standards for adult placement schemes were established. (4). During the period this project was carried out schemes were working to comply with new requirements and develop best practice standards. Also during this period the Commission for Social Care Inspection (CSCI) was developing and piloting methodology for inspecting adult placement schemes; two schemes participating in the SCIE project were involved in the CSCI work. (This methodology is now in place but being reviewed as part of a wider review of inspection methodology for all registered services.)
The adult services White Paper, Our health, our care, our say was published in January 2006. (5). It builds on the Green Paper, Independence, well-being and choice, (6), which set out a vision of greater choice and support, involving the whole community, and identified adult placement as an innovative service that the Government wished to see develop and grow. The White Paper calls for closer working between health and social care toassess and plan for the needs of the local population and to ensure the local care service market meets those needs. It further strengthens the development of commissioning at the level of the service user through expansion of 'individual budgets’.
These messages from the White Paper are reinforced by the first annual report from the Office for Disability Issues (ODI), (7), set up in response to the Prime Minister’s Strategy Unit report Improving the life chances of disabled people. (8). The ODI report, which sets out progress towards meeting the Government’s goal of achieving substantive equality for disabled people, includes a call for extensive development work to ensure that individual budgets and other proposed changes improve outcomes for disabled people.
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http://www.scie.org.uk/publications/guides/guide14/introduction/policy.asp
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|
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Free online EFL activities and videos
Exercises in pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, FCE and more...
TV clips with transcripts and comprehension questions.
Reading activities based around well known topics or events.
Songs with lyric gap fills and follow up activities.
Links to many more useful pages for learning and teaching English
Saturday, 29 September 2012
Friday, 21 September 2012
Writing informal letters
Opening greetings: Hi Jill, Hello,
Closing greetings: all the best, best wishes,love, hugs and kisses xx
Opening lines: how are you?, How's everything in/at... How's things/it going.. I'm sorry I haven't been in touch/written for ages/so long/a while.
Closing lines: Will write again soon. hope to hear from you soon. Take care of/look after yourself. Make sure you write soon. Well, I've got to go now. Send my love to... Say hello to...for me.
Responding to previous letter/email
Saying thank you:Thank you/thanks (so much) for your letter/email/message.
It was great/really nice to hear from you.
good news: (it was)great to read about...(I was) glad to hear about...That's great news about your...
Bad news: I'm extremely/really sorry to hear/read/find out about... It's very sad to hear...
introducing points: By the way, Did you hear about... Another thing, Have you seen... I wanted to ask you if/whether... I was wondering if... Can you let me know if...
1. Write 120-150 words in an appropriate style
Your Scottish friend, Maggie, has sent you an email asking you to help her organise
a special surprise birthday party for her brother Rupert. Read Maggie’s email
and the notes you have made. Then write an email to Maggie using all your notes.
We must make sure that Rupert doesn't know we are planning this surprise.
I'm not sure how many people to invite but our house is definitely too small.
Do you think we should book the Royal hotel for the evening and have the
party there? You know that Rupert is very keen on music so we could hire
a live band.
I've also been wondering what we could all buy as a present. What do you think?
Could you come the day before the party to help with preparations.
There's a lot to plan so I'd really like your help.
Can you suggest something else that will really make the party special?
All for now,
Paragraph 1 - Royal Hotel sounds OK but very expensive
Paragraph 2 - Rupert really enjoys fishing
Paragraph 3 - Sorry, busy that day.
Paragraph 3 - Something else - Yes, how about ....
Saturday, 18 August 2012
~Read the text and then use the words below to fill the gaps.
A mayor in a small Spanish town has become a hero (1) ____ helping steal food from supermarkets to give to the poor. The modern-(2) ____ Robin Hood is Juan Manuel Sanchez Gordillo, 59, the elected leader of the southern town of Marinaleda in Andalusia. Mayor Gordillo has (3) ____ from prosecution under Andalusian law and so can break the law without being arrested. He has so far (4) ____ several raids on supermarkets to hand out the stolen food to poor families. Unfortunately, those helping him are not immune from prosecution and seven have been arrested for (5) ____. Gordillo has been mayor for 30 years and his recent exploits have seen his popularity skyrocket, with crowds gathering to see his food (6) ____.
Many Spaniards are (7) ____ severe economic conditions. A quarter of Spain's workforce is jobless and austerity measures mean many now live (8) ____ poverty. Things are even worse in Andalusia where unemployment is over 30 per cent. Mr Gordillo defended his role in stealing food for the (9) ____ well-off. He said: "There are people who don't have enough to eat. In the 21st century, this is an (10) ____ disgrace." Spain's conservative government has criticised Gordillo, accusing him of (11) ____ part in publicity stunts to boost his own popularity. The mayor retaliated by saying he would happily accept being arrested. He is currently (12) ____ a three-week anti-austerity protest march to Spain's capital Madrid.
Put the correct words from the table below in the above article.
True or False?
|a.||The people in a small town are angry their mayor is stealing food.||T / F|
|b.||The mayor cannot be arrested for stealing the food.||T / F|
|c.||The mayor only organizes the stealing but does not actually steal it.||T / F|
|d.||The mayor said prices have skyrocketed for 30 years.||T / F|
|e.||Around 25% of Spain's workforce is unemployed.||T / F|
|f.||Unemployment in the mayor's region is double the national average.||T / F|
|g.||The mayor said he understood his actions were a disgrace.||T / F|
|h.||The mayor is now on a three-week protest walk to Madrid.||T / F|
Source: Breaking news English.
Follow link for full lesson plan and answers:
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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| 0.904915
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|
Release Number: 05-17
November 29, 2005 Contact: Jim Mohan, 314-263-4142; [email protected]
Stephen Honda, 301-227-2057; [email protected]BETHESDA, MD -- The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) will go forward with its previously announced proposal to remove its Flight Information Publications (FLIP) and Digital Aeronautical Flight Information File (DAFIFTM) from public access. NGA is taking this action due to the increased numbers of international source providers claiming intellectual property rights of their data. Many of these sources forewarned NGA they intended to copyright their aeronautical data. NGA's public release of data produced by others violated claimed copyright, forcing NGA to discontinue the release of this data to the general public. Government agencies and authorized government contractors are not affected by this action. "The removal of this aeronautical data from general public access will assure the continued availability of information vital to national security," commented NGA Director, Lt. Gen. James R. Clapper, Jr., USAF (Ret). NGA officially announced its proposed intention to remove the aeronautical products from public access on Oct. 1, 2005 in the Nov. 18, 2004 Federal Register. As a result of the feedback received from organizations and individuals, NGA invited public comment on this proposed action between Dec. 17, 2004 and June 30, 2005. Numerous comments were received and addressed from private citizens and special interests groups. As a result of input from the public comment period, NGA will phase in the removal of the affected NGA products from public access over a 22 month period. NGA, in consultation with the Federal Aviation Agency has determined this action will not affect chart products for US airspace or Caribbean and South American charts and also Pacific, Australia, and Antarctica charts in areas considered part of the US Flight Information Region. NGA has decided not to withdraw paper map products to a scale of 1:250,000 to 1:5,000,000. These products will continue to be available to the public. The first phase of the product withdrawal begins in January 2006 with the removal of worldwide DAFIFTM from public sale. The electronic distribution of DAFIFTM over the World Wide Web (www) and public sale of NGA FLIP outside US airspace will cease in October 2006. The remaining NGA FLIP will be removed from public access in October 2007. The NGA is a Department of Defense combat support agency and a member of the National Intelligence Community. The Agency's mission is to provide timely, relevant and accurate geospatial intelligence in support of our national security. Headquartered in Bethesda, Md., NGA has major facilities in the Washington, D.C., Northern Virginia, and St. Louis, Mo., areas with NGA support teams worldwide.
THE NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
TO GO FORWARD WITH PROPOSAL TO REMOVE
AERONAUTICAL DATA FROM PUBLIC ACCESS
-- 30 --
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|
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THE words are mundane, an everyday greeting on the line connecting a mine controller to the men working underground.
Malcolm Campbell, a young Scot, answers the intercom to his colleague Dan Duggan: “Hello Dan, who are you after?”
There is a split second of silence that follows and then a noise like thunder as the mine in New Zealand is engulfed by a devastating explosion.
The blast tore through the Pike River Mine, killing Malcolm and 28 others.
Now an audio recording of the call, which captures the last-known moments of 25-year-old Malcolm’s life, has been included in a documentary about the tragedy.
The recording features maintenance supervisor Malcolm speaking to his colleague Dan, who called the mine from the control centre on ground level.
As alarms go off in the control room, signalling power has been lost in the mine, Dan calls for any electricians to answer.
When no electrician responds to his call, he asks for anyone in the mine to answer – but no one does. He is heard saying, “Hello, anyone underground… anyone underground, anyone?”
The short film, Pike River: A Failure To Learn, was inspired by a similar documentary made in the aftermath of the Piper Alpha oil platform disaster.
Malcolm’s heartbroken family say that, while they expect it will be painful to watch the DVD and hear their son’s voice, they hope it will help to save the lives of other miners across the world.
Malcolm’s dad, also Malcolm, from St Andrews, said: “We haven’t seen the film yet but we know there is a copy on its way over to us from New Zealand.
“Malcolm’s voice can be heard on it just as the blast goes off. On the day of the explosion, he was on and off the line to the control room many times, including when the explosion happens.
“We’ve heard the recordings and we were asked to identify his voice by the Royal Commission set up to look into what happened.
“It’s very hard to hear him talking one second and then hear what we now know is the explosion in the background. But we know Malcolm would be happy for this audio recording to be out there.
“Improving mine safety is the legacy we want for all the boys who were killed and, if this film helps do that, we are more than happy for Malcolm’s voice to be on it.”
Malcolm was one of 29 miners and contractors killed after a methane gas explosion ripped through the Pike River Mine near Greymouth on November 19, 2010. Pete Rodger, 40, from Perthshire, was also among those who died.
More than three years on, their bodies are yet to be recovered from the mine, which is still ruled too dangerous to enter.
In the wake of the disaster, the New Zealand government ordered a Royal Commission investigation into the tragedy, which produced a damning report into the circumstances leading up to the disaster.
Repeated warnings about excessive methane levels and inadequate safety systems were ignored before the blast, which was ruled to be “entirely preventable”.
The short film aims to highlight the lessons the Royal Commission wanted to be learned from the deaths. It uses audio recordings, CCTV images and emotional news footage of families gathering at the mine to give a blow-by-blow account of what happened, mistakes that were made and what must be done to ensure improved mine safety in the future.
Australian mine safety expert Mark Parcell created the DVD with help from Stewart Bell, who was part of the Royal Commission team.
Later this year, Stewart plans to visit Scotland and hopes to meet the families of Malcolm and Pete.
Mark said: “The Royal Commission found many faults at Pike River but arguably none more important than a failure to learn from previous mining tragedies across the world.
“Underground mines blow up with alarming frequency and the truth is the events are all very similar.
“We know what we have to do and we just have to do it.
“In the wake of the Piper Alpha oil rig disaster, when 167 people died, Lord Cullen produced a long report detailing exactly what had happened, which very few people read.
“But everyone saw the Piper Alpha BBC documentary Spiral To Disaster, which has become the world’s best industrial accident film and is still watched today.
“With that in mind, we created this film to communicate the lessons from Pike River in a way that anyone can easily understand.
“Someone who starts working in a mine today may not know what happened at Pike River three-and-a-half years ago but if you sit down for half an hour and watch this movie, it will tell you what you need to know.
“This DVD cannot change what happened but we hope it can influence people so that the same mistakes are not made again.”
The Pike River families were given a special viewing of the film in New Zealand.
While Malcolm’s family, including his mum Jane and sister Kerry, did not attend the event, they’ve spoken to other families who have seen it.
Malcolm Sr said: “We might be across the other side of the world from most of the families but we keep in regular contact with them.
“They found it hard to watch and listen to but they were also very supportive of it. Hopefully, it will help to save lives.”
He added: “Malcolm was so full of life with so much to live for – including the fact he was supposed to be getting married just a few weeks after the explosion.
“Three-and-a-half years on from his death, Malcolm is still over there, still in the mine, which makes it all the harder as we just want to bring him home.
“They are pushing on with plans to safely re-enter, hopefully in June. We just have to let them get on with it and keep as positive as we can.”
Visit to www.pikeriverdvd.com for more information.
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To develop improved antibiotics for multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections
Selcia, a contract research organisation based in Ongar, Essex, UK, has entered into a drug discovery collaboration with Cantab Anti-Infectives in Cambridge, UK to develop improved antibiotics for multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections based on the polymyxin nucleus. Cantab has recently been awarded a grant of £2.3m from the Biomedical Catalyst Fund to continue its research in this area.
Polymyxins have become an important ‘last resort’ therapy for certain MDR Gram-negative infections, but suffer from complex pharmacokinetics and dose-limiting toxicities, which often lead to sub-optimal therapy. Polymyxins are the only effective antibiotic to act specifically on the lipopolysaccharide of Gram-negative bacteria and, given the rise of problem infections with such bacteria, Cantab Anti-infectives says it is timely to harness this mechanism of action into improved antibiotics.
Selcia will provide medicinal chemistry resource to: generate a range of polymyxin-based entities to continue the optimisation of antibacterial activity against MDR strains in vitro.
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THE PELAGIAN ISLANDS
Their name, of greek origin, literally translates as ‘High-Sea Islands’. They lie about 200km off the coast of Agrigento, between Malta and Tunisia. The archipelago comprises Lampedusa, the main island with a surface area of 33 square kilometres, and the two smaller Linosa and Lampione. The latter, desert and only accommodating a lighthouse, with its steep walls plunging to 60m depth and uncontaminated sea-floors, is a real paradise for divers and snorkelers.
The island of Lampedusa consists of a flat limestone platform which culminates, at the northern end, in a series of dramatic cliffs. The south coast, on the other hand, is jaggedly rugged as headlands alternate with small, precipitous creeks sheltering sandy beaches.
Closer to Africa than it is to Italy, the island is surrounded by a spectacular seascape, with incredible colors ranging from transparent-blue, to turquoise and emerald-green. On the island there is no farming activity, its soil being white, dry and stony, much alike a desert. The residents mostly live on tourism and fishing, as a considerable flight anchored at its sheltered harbor will testify. Discoveries across the territory attest to human settlements on Lampedusa dating from the Bronze Age. In 1843, the island belonged to the aristocratic Lampedusa family (one of its members, Giuseppe Tomasi, was the author of the celebrated novel The Leopard) and was successively acquired by King Ferdinand who had a penitentiary built and sent a handful of people to reside there.
A Submerged World
Lampedusa is a paradise for snorkelers and divers who can enjoy a rich and unspoiled submerged world inhabited by corals, sponges, madrepores, the colored parrot-fish and, by Capo Grecale at only 50m depth, the lobster. Its mostly sandy sea-ground suddenly turns into a dark-green due to the posidonia, a marine plant that is known as the Mediterranean lung for its releasing oxygen in the water, giving life to beautiful underwater plains.
The only city on Lampedusa, bearing the island’s same name, develops around the main Roma street, notably crowded at breakfast time and at night, it hosting a cluster of shops and cafés with outdoor tables, where, in the summer, live music or entertainment shows take place.
Circumnavigation of the Island
A boat tour of the island can be easily reserved at the harbor where lots of boats are available at cheap prices. The tour usually departs at 10.00am and returns at 5.00pm.
The low and jagged coast of Lampedusa is rich in inlets and bays; among these, is the Tabaccara, a splendid bay bathed by turquoise waters. The northern shore features a high cliff with plenty of impressing caves. Past the Baia della Madonnina (that got its name because of a rock that resembles the Virgin Mary) is the Sacramento Cliff, with a deepest grotto. In the North-Eastern end, known as Capo Grecale, is a lighthouse visible from up to 60 miles away, where extends a beautiful view of the coastal landscape. Then is the Grotta del Teschio (the Skull Grotto), hiding a 15m long sandy-beach, reachable by boat or along a rough path at right. Tourists are advised to hire a bike or a mini-truck for a driving tour since roads of the island are partly unpaved. From the centre of Lampedusa head eastwards for the airport. The unpaved road running alongside the landing strip passes by the many bays on the Southern side of the Island.
Albero del Sole – (the Sun Tree) So is called the highest point on Lampedusa (about 133m a.s.l.), where stands a circular structure preserving a wooden crucifix. There, from a stone wall at the edge of a steep slope, you can enjoy a dramatic sight of the sea. Tourists are recommended to be extremely careful when near the edge. Returning to the semi-asphalted road you will see an area of recent reafforestation. At the end of the enclosing wall, follow the path soon leading to a small iron cross. On your right, a promontory offers an enchanting view of the Sacramento Cliff. From here, the small Lampione Island is visible, on the left, in the distance. Return to the main road and continue southward to the Rabbit Island’s Bay.
Bay of the Isola dei Conigli – This broad bay is petticoated with white cliffs and the most beautiful beach on the island; few metres offshore nestles a little islet. The beach, with its finest sand, gently slopes to transparent waters that splendidly turn to turquoise and emerald green. Here the Caretta-Caretta turtle lays her eggs during the breeding season, an event today threatened by the big influx of tourists staying late at night when she usually comes ashore for nesting.
Further, here is the only habitat in Italy for the psammodromus algarus, a particular type of striped lizard native to North-Western Africa, namely Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco.
Madonna di Porto Salvo – It is a small shrine of ancient unknown date and origin surrounded by a beautiful garden.
How to reach Lampedusa – The simplest way to reach Lampedusa is by plane, it being well-served by connections from Palermo and, in the summer months, by directs flights from Milan, Bergamo, Rome, Venice and Verona. A ferry service is also available from Agrigento. Since this arrives late at night, tourists may encounter problems to overnight, unless they have or hire a vehicle.
What to buy – The island’s natural sponges are a favorite souvenir for tourists. Whiter sponges, albeit attracting, may result from a chemical treatment that shortens their life span. The darker ones will definitely last longer. Linosa is especially renowned for food “souvenirs”, like lentils and pomodorini, and for its reed-baskets, much appreciated by tourists.
And for dinner? – On the island are many small restaurants and trattorias specialized in fish dishes, among which is a not-to-miss couscous. The Trattoria-Pizzeria Da Nicola, by the Rabbit Islands’s Bay is especially recommended.
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Introducing glycol into lubricating oils exposes your machines to a powerful and poisonous mixture of chemicals. Unlike other harmful contaminants such as water and dirt, the destructive potential of glycol can progress to massive failure of machine components in a narrow window of time.
There could hardly be a more important role for the oil analyst than the routine screening of lubricating oils for the presence of glycol. One large oil analysis laboratory that specializes in heavy-duty fleet equipment deployed in mining and construction reported that glycol was found in 8.6 percent of motor oil samples over a period of years - about one in 12 samples.
In fact, oil analysis laboratories have been testing for coolant leaks in used motor oils and other drive train lubes for nearly as long as used oil testing has been around. The techniques vary considerably from lab to lab, as do the alarming limits. This article brings the subject of glycol testing in the oil analysis lab into the spotlight by describing the latest laboratory techniques for detecting and measuring its concentration plus tips for troubleshooting.
How Glycol is Formulated and Used
Glycol, the principle ingredient in antifreeze, is typically mixed with water 50/50 to form a liquid “coolant” to transfer heat, raise boiling point temperature (above 225°F or 107°C) and lower the freezing temperature (below -32°F or -35°C). When additives are incorporated into the formulation, the coolant can guard effectively against corrosion and cavitation.
Both propylene glycol and ethylene glycol are used in coolant formulations. Propylene glycol is the choice of some users, because unlike ethylene glycol, it is neither toxic nor considered a hazardous material. Ethylene glycol is far more widely used, however, primarily due to its higher heat transfer properties. This article will focus entirely on ethylene glycol.
Antifreeze formulations used as coolants deploy an assortment of organo-metallic and organic additives. These are used to protect metals in the cooling system from corrosion/cavitation, to control scale, to prevent foaming and to maintain pH. Common examples of additives include various phosphates, sodium borate, molybdate, sodium silicate, potassium sebacate and sodium nitrate. Just like additives in a lubricating oil, these additives will contribute to ranging elemental concentrations of sodium, boron, potassium, silicon and phosphorous in the coolant. As will be discussed in greater detail later, the elemental families from the coolant additive system help serve as markers, like DNA, to identify glycol contamination of lubricating oils.
Additive treatments used in antifreeze formulations vary considerably between aftermarket suppliers and OEMs that provide the original factory fill and offer supplemental coolant additives (SCAs). There are also marked geographical differences in coolant additive chemistry, influenced by environmental regulations and water quality. For instance, the Japanese use no silicates but large amounts of phosphates. Conversely, the Europeans deploy silicates, benzoate, borate, nitrite and nitrate additive compounds. U.S. formulations employ silicates, phosphates, as well as numerous organic inhibitors.
How Glycol Gets into Motor Oils and Other Lubricants
Glycol can leak into motor oils and other lubricating oils in a variety of ways. These include:
In fact, a major diesel engine OEM has estimated 53 percent of all catastrophic engine failures are due to coolant leaks. For many diesel and natural gas engines, the highest risk of contamination occurs during the time the engine is not operating. In such instances, the cooling of the engine from intermittent use can lead to internal leaks associated with thermal creep, such as at the cylinder heads where there is risk of recession or movement from gasket seals. Higher hydrostatic pressures of the coolant in relation to the lube oil system compound the risk when the engine is at rest. This can lead to a slug feeding of the coolant into the lubricant.
Figure 1. Schematic of Cylinder Liner Cavitation Corrosion
Another common source of leakage in engines with wet cylinder liners is associated with a chemi-mechanical perforation of the liners, promoted by vaporous cavitation. This occurs when the liners vibrate violently (on the load side) to the rhythm of piston movement, compression and combustion. This movement causes the rarefaction portion of pressure waves to form negative pressure regions that nucleate vapor bubbles (cavities). As the combustion chamber fires, the vapor bubbles implode at the speed of sound causing fluid jets and surface pressures as high as 60,000 psi. Such localized energy can literally blast small holes in the protective oxide film on the liner wall, similar to vaporous cavitation in hydraulic pumps.
The damage can be further propelled by chemical attack of the nascent metal exposed during this cavitation event. Over time this can lead to perforation of the liner and leakage (Figures 1 and 2). Note, many researchers have postulated on the exact mechanism of damage. While there are variations in theory, there is general agreement that the failure mode is propagated by a combination of mechanical (localized cavitation) and chemical (corrosion of the exposed base metal) attack.
Figure 2. Cylinder Wall Cavitation Erosion
Reprinted Courtesy of Caterpillar Inc.
Certain additives used in SCAs, such as molybdate and sodium nitrite, have been found to sharply inhibit the progress of cavitation corrosion. If the liner’s protective oxide film becomes delaminated by the cavitation energy, the additive reforms a barrier film to stop further progress. The concentration of these SCAs introduced to the coolant blend is important however. An undercharge can result in accelerated pitting while an overcharge can cause coolant gelation, lead-based solder corrosion and other problems.
Harm Caused by Glycol-Contaminated Lube Oil
Glycol is an all-around bad guy when it commingles with oil. The problem is intensified by coolant water that enters the lube system at the same time as glycol. Evidence of glycol contamination is often seen by mechanics charged with the responsibility of repairing the damage it causes. For instance, main and connecting rod bearings may become darkened, almost charcoal in appearance, when glycol has contaminated diesel engine crankcase lubes.
Owing to the fact that glycol is not soluble in mineral oil and that the thermal conditions within engines lead to the transformation of the glycol and coolant additives to an assortment of other chemicals, it is no surprise that there are so many degenerative consequences. Following is a discussion of several common and a few not-so-common symptoms or harmful effects of glycol leakage and contamination.
It was previously mentioned that coolants could corrode and erode the walls of cylinder liners. This can result in pinhole perforations. When an engine is at rest, the combustion chamber within the cylinder can literally be flooded with coolant passing through these holes. Later, when cranking the engine, the lack of compressibility of the coolant can cause hydraulic lock, like deadheading a pump. Since the coolant has nowhere to go, bearings, rings and/or rod failure can occur.
Acid Formation and Bearing Damage
Under normal operating conditions, ethylene glycol oxidizes to form organic acids such as glycolic acid, oxalic acid, formic acid and carbonic acid. Typically the reaction rate doubles for each 18°F (8°C) in temperature. These acids contribute to secondary and tertiary effects as further described. However, their presence alone in lubricating oil can jeopardize bearings and other frictional surfaces. The corrosive conditions can pit the clad surfaces of the lead/tin overlay of journal bearings, promote rust on steel and iron surfaces, and tarnish cupric metals of bronze and brass. One study found that even a small coolant leak in a large integral gas engine/compressor was enough to severely corrode engine steel and copper surfaces.
Figure 4. Additive Precipitation - 2 Percent of a 50/50 Ethylene Glycol Water Solution Added
(Grams per Gallon)
Oil Balls and Additive Precipitation
Chevron and other researchers have reported that when glycol-based coolants thermally age in crankcase lubricants oil balls form, largely from the reaction of the glycol with oil additives. The additives involved include sulfonates, phenates and ZDDP (Figure 3). This is further evidenced in a study by the Fleetguard filter division of Cummins Engine that reported as much as 77 grams of filterable solids are formed when oil is contaminated with coolant containing ethylene glycol at a concentration of just two percent (Figure 4).
Loss of Dispersancy and Filter Plugging
The acids and water that form in crankcase oil as a result of coolant contamination will often disrupt soot dispersancy, even at low soot loading. Fleetguard reports “75 percent of filter plugging complaints from customers involved coolant or moisture in the crankcase.” Once soot begins to dump, a chain reaction of associated failures can result, including loss of antiwear protection, sticky sludge on valve deck surfaces and carbonaceous deposits on ring grooves, piston crown lands, valve train components and oil ways to bearings, etc. If the problem is not identified, the oil is often changed without a system flush (described later in the Procedure for Cleaning Glycol from Engines section). The chain reaction then gains new life as the detergents and dispersants coming in with the new motor oil can mobilize the sludge and deposits. Then, within minutes after an oil and filter change, the new filter can become plugged again. Following is the summary of this chain reaction:
1. Coolant leaks into the crankcase oil.
2. Acids and precipitants form as the glycol, coolant additives and lubricant additives react.
3. These insolubles begin to plug the oil filter.
4. Concurrently, the acids and water disrupt soot dispersancy causing a dumping condition. More sludge and insolubles form.
5. By now the filter is plugged with the glycol transformation by-products and coagulated soot.
6. The oil and filter are changed (typically around 15 percent of the old oil remains, either in the oil pan or occluding to engine surfaces). The new oil (with detergents and dispersants) mobilizes the soot and the sludge, carrying it to the filter.
7. Once again, the filter becomes plugged (even with the coolant leak fixed).
Oxidation and Viscosity Change
When glycol contaminates lubricating oils, the viscosity of the oil can increase dramatically. This problem is especially acute in highly additized motor oils. High viscosity can lead to inadequate flow of the lubricant to critical frictional surfaces. So too, glycol and its reaction products can aggressively promote oxidation of the base oil. Caterpillar reports that “coolant contamination in transmissions and hydraulic fluids usually shows up as an increase in oxidation.”
How Glycol is Detected in the Field
Astute mechanics, lubrication technicians and operators are always on the lookout for the telltale signs of a lubricant contaminated with coolant. In truck, bus and mobile equipment fleets, the first sign might be white smoke billowing from diesel engine exhaust pipes. Or it might appear as a shiny adherent sludge having the consistency of mayonnaise on a used filter during a routine change out. Perhaps as previously mentioned, the oil pressure in a diesel engine runs unusually high only minutes after an oil and filter change.
Blotter Spot Test
One test that has gained renewed attention is the blotter spot test. It first appeared on the lubrication scene as a field test dating to about 1880. It reemerged in studies conducted by Shell Oil in the 1950s and now again it seems to be catching the attention of even the most sophisticated oil labs. Because of its simplicity, the test is easily conducted in the field, although time is required for the results to fully develop.
The test is based on the established procedure of paper chromatography and involves placing a couple of drops of used oil on common blotter paper (available from lab supply catalogs), or even the back of a business card. Let the drops soak into the paper for a couple of hours. If a dark or brownish stain is left in the center after the oil absorbs outward, then this could be disrupted dispersancy and soot coagulation, a common consequence of glycol contamination. A black sticky paste with a well-defined (sharp edge) periphery is cause for serious concern. Very often a soot ring develops around a yellow/brown center when glycol is present. Figure 5 shows this unique pattern on blotters developed from used diesel crankcase oil that was thermally aged in the presence of varying concentrations of glycol and water.
When passing a small amount of solvent-diluted oil through a one-micron membrane you will often see sludge, additive precipitants and other insoluble contaminants present on the membrane surface. The use of a handheld 30-power microscope can help in the examination of the material present. Field patch test kits are available from several suppliers. Note if the membrane pore size is too large (>3 microns), much of the sludge and insolubles will pass through. The use of a 0.8 mm patch is recommended. Also avoid the use of solvents that risk dissolving condensed oxides and other target materials from glycol-contaminated oil.
Schiff’s Reagent Method
The Schiff’s reagent method (ASTM D2982) is a colorimetric method for detecting trace amounts of glycol in lubricating oils. In this method, a solution of hydrochloric (HCl) and periodic (HIO3) acids is introduced to the oil to oxidize any glycol that may be present. The reaction produces an aldehyde, which in turn reacts with the Schiff’s reagent, yielding a positive color change from colorless to pink/purple - the darker the color, the more glycol present. There are several suppliers of Schiff’s reagent test kits.
Please note, false positives have been frequently reported from the presence of trace impurities in new oils. Chevron has documented this effect as being due to residual traces of glycol in new oil from lubricant additive manufacture. However, others have reported that it might also be due to aldehydes and ketones from base oil refining, despite the published Chevron data. This makes sense because new oil can show a positive with Schiff’s before oxidizing with HIO3.
In another case, the Cummins oil analysis lab reported that it ran successive tests on a single sample of used oil that yielded results that were positive, negative and indeterminate. Because of the instability of ethylene glycol in lubricating oils at high sump temperatures, it is rapidly converted to acids and other compounds. Because this and other test methods discussed below rely on the presence of molecular glycol, any chemical or thermal decomposition of the coolant can make the Schiff’s reagent test unreliable. Lab tests by Cummins show that “an oil containing four percent coolant will retain only 10 percent of the glycol originally present upon heating at 200°F (93°C) for eight hours.” However, other telltale signs for glycol contamination do remain in the oil.
How Glycol is Detected in the Lab
Commercial oil analysis labs deploy a number of different test methods and instruments to detect and measure glycol concentrations in used lubricants. The effectiveness of these techniques varies considerably, and for this reason, a discussion that compares and contrasts them is warranted. To this end, the three most common methods used by oil analysis labs are discussed below:
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
Many oil analysis laboratories use this procedure for analyzing used oil molecular properties routinely. Practicing Oil Analysis magazine has covered infrared spectroscopy in several issues. Common target properties detected and measured with FTIR include soot load, water contamination, fuel dilution, oxidation, nitration and sulphation. Many labs also report absorption bands commonly associated with ethylene glycol.
While there is much merit to including glycol among the various properties reported by infrared, there are also interferences and lower sensitivity limits that labs and users need to be aware of. The interferences relate to other properties and contaminants that share common spectral absorption regions with glycol. For instance, the strongest band for glycol, a broad region around 3450 cm-1 corresponding to the O-H functional group, is also cohabited by water and other alcohols that have similar functionality. Because water is blended with antifreeze (ethylene glycol) to form coolant, the distinction is often impossible to make.
There is however, a more unique band for ethylene glycol at 1070-1030 cm-1 corresponding to the C-O functional group, that is commonly used because there are fewer overlapping bands from other oil contaminants and degradation by-products (Figure 6). The main risk in this region is associated with certain additives (such as barium sulfonate) and oxygenated compounds (ethers, lactones and alcohols) from base oil and additive degradation. As with water contamination, there is very limited ability using FTIR to detecting glycol concentration below 1,000 ppm. Just like the Schiff’s reagent test, FTIR also relies on the presence of molecular glycol. However, because glycol can rapidly degrade chemically and thermally as previously mentioned, its presence in used oil may be completely disguised. In this instance, for FTIR to be successful, an astute analyst would need to recognize the absorption bands of glycol’s several transformation products.
There has perhaps been no analytical method that has had a greater impact on petroleum analysis than gas chromatography (GC). In the realm of used oil analysis, it is widely held to be the most accurate method for detecting and measuring glycol and fuel, although more costly and time-consuming than alternatives. The most commonly used GC procedure for glycol analysis is ASTM 4291, “Standard Test Method for Trace Ethylene Glycol in Used Engine Oil” (Figure 7). The procedure involves first extracting the glycol from the oil using water followed by centrifugation. The extract is then removed and injected into the GC where the polar compounds are separated and detected on a chromatogram.
Note, this procedure has been reported by Chevron to be so sensitive that it can give false coolant leak indications. This is due to the presence of additive manufacturing by-products and fuel contamination that can leave trace levels of glycol in new and use oils. It is helpful to baseline new lubricants using GC before deploying the method with used oils.
The major drawback with GC detection of glycol is that glycol can rapidly decompose into acids, aldehydes and esters which can result in a false negative or understatement of the true concentration of glycol and glycol derivatives. This is also true for Schiff’s reagent and FTIR tests.
Elemental Analysis of Used Oil and Filters
Elemental analysis by Inductive Couple Plasma (ICP) emission spectroscopy or by arc-spark Rotating Disc Electrode (RDE) emission spectroscopy has been the mainstay of the oil analysis lab for years. The use of elemental analysis is perhaps the single most reliable method to verify that glycol or its derivatives have contaminated a lubricant. The procedure is keyed to detecting the presence of organo-metallic antifreeze additives that become blended with a lubricant on contamination. These elemental markers are telltale signs that the oil has received a dose of antifreeze.
For instance, sodium, boron, potassium and silicon are commonly found in antifreeze formulations (Figure 8). In order to know specifically which additive elements and their concentrations are found in new or used antifreeze (included blends containing SCAs), a sample could easily be analyzed in the same way as used oils. Of the different compounds that make up antifreeze additives, sodium and potassium compounds are the most stable, even though there is risk that they will precipitate and be removed by the filter. Boron presents a risk of evaporating at typical crankcase sump temperatures, while silicon from a coolant leak may be confused with dirt ingression or oil antifoam additive. See the sidebar for developing a calibration curve for glycol contaminant levels using sodium against various antifreeze concentrations.
Quoting again from the report by the Fleetguard division of Cummins Engine, “Oil samples will sometimes have several hundreds parts per million sodium, yet there will be no moisture or glycol present. The amount of sodium indicates that at least a gallon of coolant has leaked into the crankcase, but there is no sign of it (other than the sodium).” Cummins summarizes by saying, “Our experience is that the most reliable indicator of coolant leakage is the sodium level of the filter paper ash followed by the level of the sodium in the oil.” Due to the loss of sodium from oil consumption or by insoluble sodium captured by the oil filter (80 to 90 percent of the total sodium that has leaked into the crankcase in some instances), an increase in sodium in the oil by as little as 50 ppm can mean as much as one gallon of coolant has leaked into a 10 gallon (38 L) lube oil system.
If the residue of a used filter is suspected to be coolant additives, an analysis to determine sodium could be performed as follows:
1. Using an ultrasonic bath, transfer the particulates from a piece of the filter media to a solvent such as kerosene or mineral spirits.
2. Use an acid digestion method to determine the additive elements (sodium, etc.) in the filter residue, or
3. Transfer the residue to a filter membrane and analyze the materials using x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (or SEM/EDX, PIXE), or
4. Transfer the residue to a glass slide and analyze the particulate matter using chemical microscopy.
When a sudden increase in sodium is observed, the analyst needs to be aware of other common sources. These include: salt and saltwater, grease, dirt, fly ash, sodium hydroxide, etc. For this reason, other members of the coolant additive family may be needed to confirm the contaminant is antifreeze, such as boron, potassium, silicon and phosphorous, bearing in mind that some of these elements may also be oil additives.
Limits and Alarms
Setting alarms and limits for glycol is difficult because of the different oil analysis instruments in use and the transient states of glycol in the lubricant. To the extent that the analyst can confirm a coolant leak, no matter how small, the matter is of serious concern. However, false positives can occur if the alarm limits are set too low for the reasons previously discussed. Likewise, if the alarms are set too high, the actual coolant leakage levels could be several times higher than the measured amounts and the engine may be dangerously close to catastrophic failure.
In the case where false positives occur as a result of new oil chemistry associated with additive manufacturing and base oil refining, the interferences that cause these false positives often burn off during service. Hence a new reference oil or an oil placed into service a short period of time may test positive for glycol, then later test negative.
When a false positive due to oil chemistry occurs in labs that report the result of a glycol test (Schiff’s reagent, FTIR and GC) they are typically bound to place a positive indication on the report. However, based on their review of other indicators (including coolant additive elements) as previously discussed, the analyst commenting on the oil analysis data should emphasize that the positive glycol result is not a cause for concern.
Some labs use the approach of reporting coolant or antifreeze contamination instead of glycol to eliminate this potential cause for unwarranted concern. The same principle holds true in the case of a negative glycol test where its presence is disguised by the fact that it has converted to by-products. Looking at other indicators such as sodium and potassium, the analyst should report a positive for coolant contamination despite the fact that no actual glycol was detected. In such instances, the lab analyst is making a contamination entry determination based on review of multiple factors.
In general, glycol above 200 ppm in most cases is considered reportable. Levels greater than 400 ppm should be regarded as significant and levels as high as 1,000 ppm flagged as critical.
Procedure for Cleaning Glycol from Engines
A flushing procedure proposed by one major oil company to remove glycol from engine internal surfaces involves the use of Butoxy-Ethanol (trade name Butyl Cellosolve, Union Carbide). The flushing procedure for conditions of less than five percent glycol contamination is summarized below:
1. Drain oil from compartment and all lines and components.
2. Install new filter elements.
3. Mix an ISO VG 32 R&O mineral oil 50/50 with Butyl Cellosolve.
4. Use the mixture to turbulently flush (using an external pump installed at the turbocharger supply line or other suitable pumping method) internal surfaces by ample flow and volume for one hour at a temperature not less than 70°F (21°C).
5. Drain the system completely, mop out crankcase and replace filters.
6. Repeat steps 2 through 5, using a 60 percent R&O 32, 40 percent kerosene mixture.
7. Remove and inspect all main bearings, journals and other engine surfaces.
8. Remove the external pump and recharge with the correct lubricant. Replace the filter.
9. Monitor the engine carefully until all conditions stabilize.
Anderson, Daniel P., Lucas, Malte, and Lynch, Brian K. - Spectro Incorporated. “Diesel Engine Coolant Analysis.”
Anonymous (Phillips 66). Cleaning Procedures to be Used When Lube Oil Systems are Contaminated with Ethylene Glycol.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 2000, Section Five, Petroleum Products, Lubricants, and Fossil Fuels.
Beal, Roy E. (1993). Engine Coolant Testing, Third Volume, ASTM.
Birke, Mike - Southwest Research Institute (1999). “New Challenges in Detecting Glycol Contamination with New Anti-Freeze Additive Formulations,” Practicing Oil Analysis ‘99 Conference Proceedings.
Booser, Richard E. (1997). Tribology Data Handbook, CRC Press.
Caterpillar, various S·O·SSM Services publications.
Chevron Technical Bulletin LTB-03 (1993). “Avoiding False Coolant Leak Indications with Lubricating Oil Analysis.”
Coates, J.P., and Setti, L.C. (1985). Oils, Lubricants, and Petroleum Products, Characterization and Infrared Spectra. DEKKER.
Hudgens, R. D., and Feldhaus, L. B. - Fleetguard, Inc., (1978). “Diesel Engine Lube Filter Life Related to Oil Chemistry,” International Fuels & Lubricants Meeting, Society of Automotive Engineers, Toronto.
Mathys, Mark - Butler Machinery, Caterpillar (1999). “Coolant and Coolant Analysis,” Seminar Course Materials.
Peterson, F.S. (1979). Lubrication - Chromatography. Texaco, Vol. 65.
Staff editor. (1999). “Schiff’s Reagent Glycol Test - Controlling False Positives,” Practicing Oil Analysis magazine, November-December. Glycol123 glycol123 glycol 123 coolant123 Coolant123 coolant 123
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WHITING - Nancy L. Nielsen, 85, died Monday, May 23, 2016, at home. She was born August 28, 1930, in Indianapolis, IN, to Miriam Fitzpatrick and Theodore Fredriks. Her childhood was spent in Indianapolis and in Elsmere, NY. She attended Syracuse University as a New York State Regent Scholar. In 1951, she married Reinald Nielsen, with whom she raised two children. After her marriage, she lived in Windsor, NY and several other places before settling in Carlisle, MA in 1960. In Massachusetts Nancy worked as a school librarian, environmental educator, wildlife rehabilitator, and naturalist, and as Operations Manager for DeCordova Museum.
Nancy began summering in Maine in the mid-1960s and in 1980 moved full-time to her beloved Stone Man Farm on Straight Bay in Lubec. It was there that her talents as a poet and her commitment to conservation and community flowered. Her poems have been published in the Beloit Poetry Journal and other magazines, with collections published by Slow Dancer Press in England and by Stone Man Press, which she co-founded with her partner and fellow poet, Alan Brooks.In 2011 she and Alan started a blog for their poems, Salt and Stone Poetry, which Alan will continue after her death.
Nancy and Alan started the Straight Bay Association in 1981 to fight development projects harmful to the Cobscook Bay ecosystem. She also served as President of Audubon Expedition Institute. In 1987, she co-founded Quoddy Regional Land Trust (now Downeast Coastal Conservancy), serving for many years as board member and volunteer staffer. She donated QRLT's first conservation easement, on Stone Man Farm. More recently, Nancy and Reinald gave an easement on their land in Whiting, and also gave the remainder interest in Stone Man Farm to DCC while retaining life estates for themselves and Alan.
Nancy became well known in Maine land trust circles for her vision, commitment and conservation values. At the end of her life, she found joy in knowing that she had done so much to help conserve so many of Downeast Maine's most special places forever. Nancy lived and acted with the awareness, as expressed in her poem, "Spring Tide," that "it is no small thing to live in a holy place."
Nancy was an avid and knowledgeable botanist, gardener and landscaper who made every place she lived more beautiful. She was especially attuned to the use of native flowers, trees, and shrubs for their interest in every season and for their wildlife value. She shared her knowledge freely and took pleasure in the gardens of others. She also delighted in her house plants, which surrounded her in her final home.
Nancy was predeceased by her parents, by her brother, Theodore (Ted), and by a child lost before birth. As well as her husband, Reinald, she leaves behind a sister and brother-in-law, Judy and Montcalm Strever, of Rexford, NY, and their children, Cynthia and Starr, and families; her very special daughter, Christine (Chris) Nielsen, and son-in-law, George White, of Head of St. Margaret's Bay, Nova Scotia; a son, Dreas, and daughter-in-law, Jamie, of Issaquah, WA and their children Caitlin and Hannah; and her dear friend and life partner, Alan Brooks, of Lubec.
The family would like to thank Laurie, Sam, Carol and other current and former staff of Sunrise County Homecare Services for their help and kindness during her final years.
Nancy made the world a better place. Her life and spirit will be celebrated at a memorial service to be announced later. Memorial donations may be made to Downeast Coastal Conservancy, PO Box 760, Machias, ME 04654. Memories and condolences may be offered at www.directcremationofmaine.com.
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Published: Jan 1966
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Most of the important properties of hardened concrete are related to the quantity and the characteristics of the various types of pores in the paste and aggregate components of the concrete. The engineering properties of concrete, such as strength, durability, shrinkage, and permeability, are directly influenced or controlled by the pores in the concrete and the relative amounts of the different types and sizes of these pores. The pores can exert their influence on the properties of the concrete in various ways. As regards the strength and elasticity of the concrete, it is primarily the total volume of the pores that is important, not their size or continuity. The permeability is influenced by the volume, size, and the continuity of the pores. Shrinkage, at least that part of drying shrinkage that is reversible, is largely a function of changes in surface energy at the solid to pore interface and, therefore, depends upon the nature of the solid surface and the total surface area of the pore system. Irreversible drying shrinkage may involve capillary phenomena. The resistance of concrete to freezing and thawing and deicer scaling is controlled by the volume and the characteristics of entrained air voids. It is, therefore, not surprising that there has been considerable interest in developing ways of measuring and characterizing the different types of pores in concrete and in elucidating the various mechanism by which they influence the properties of the concrete. In order to understand the significance of the various pore types and their characteristic effects and interrelationships in connection with some of these engineering properties, it is important to understand the manner in which these pores originate, the factors that affect them, and the limits within which their quantities may vary.
Director of research, Portland Cement Assn., Skokie, Ill.
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Electric vehicles in Space
Today marks an interesting event in science, NASA's Dawn spacecraft has entered orbit around the asteroid Vesta.
For space geeks, this is a really cool event, possibly comparable to the spacecraft that visited a comet. But for electric vehicle geeks like us, this should be seen as an equally momentous event. Why? Because the Dawn spacecraft has an electric drive.
It's called an 'ion' drive. Normally, a spacecraft uses a chemical rocket for propulsion, stored chemical energy creates heat and forces hot gasses to expand out of a nozzle, producing a reaction thrust. In an ion drive, the chemical reaction isn't used. Instead, solar panels create electrical energy on board the spacecraft. That electricity powers an electromagnetic thruster that accelerates electrically charged ions (usually Xenon gas) out the back of the engine, creating a reaction drive.
Ion drives are low-thrust, but highly efficient. So instead of using a chemical rocket in brief bursts of power, an ion drive is used almost continuously throughout a spacecraft's flight. This constant thrust eventually accumulates into a much higher speed, so the spacecraft can actually arrive at it's destination faster than a rocket-driven craft might have. And the efficiency means that less weight is dedicated to fuel, so more weight is dedicated to spacecraft instrumentation. Dawn's ion drive gets the spacecraft from 0 to 60mph in 4 days, but can run for years on end.
After a year Dawn's ion propulsion system will have increased the spacecraft's speed by 5,500 mph while consuming the equivalent of only 15 gallons of fuel. By the end of its mission Dawn will have accumulated more than 5 years of total thrust time, giving it an effective change in speed of about 23,000 mph.
In short, it's everything we love about electric ground transportation, but in space.
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Frigidity - is, in other words, frigidity, which is a decrease or complete absence of sexual desire in women, orgasm and specific sexual sensations.In some cases, frigidity may be accompanied by discomfort or even an aversion to sexual intercourse.
to 40% of women frigidity is a very serious problem which manifests itself in various forms.Some women avoid sex because of unpleasant sensations, while others may experience weak pleasant, but did not get an orgasm.Frigidity - is a condition manifested by recurrent or persistent.Correct diagnosis can be made only physician-sexologist after passing a thorough examination of the woman have specialists such as gynecologist, endocrinologist, psychologist and others. All this will help to identify the physiological causes of frigidity and hidden psychological factors.
The main symptom is a lack of willingness to engage in sexual intercourse, as well as the absence of manifestations of various sexual responses.
Usually, frigidity -
addition, frigidity is primarily manifested in enhanced modesty, suspiciousness, indecision, addiction to the loops on the negative emotions.
Very often frigidity can be caused by trauma-related pain during defloration, with attempted rape.The woman may see the fear of getting pregnant or fear of publicity relationship.Lack of orgasm also causes psychological trauma and is one of the main causes of frigidity.And often the woman gets an orgasm because of nervous system disorders.Nerve impulses in the excitation does not reach the desired part of the brain and, therefore, there is no muscle contraction and of orgasm.In some cases, the momentum is dropped due to persistent worries and fears that cause a certain kind of psychological closure.
addition to psychological and physiological reasons exist frigidity, expressed, as a rule, in the defeat of certain parts of the brain, ovarian dysfunction.Very often frigidity physiological cause gynecological and sexually transmitted diseases, beriberi, a very strong physical or mental fatigue.In some cases, the emergence of frigidity associated with congenital disorders of genital organs and inflammatory diseases.
After considering all the factors the question arises: how to cure frigidity?This disease, as well as any other required treatment.In identifying physiological disorders need to solve it by using a prescribed course of treatment.Generally, treatment is quite long, it is very often carried out simultaneous treatment of both sexual partners.The spectrum of methods applied fairly wide: from acupuncture and physical therapy to pharmacological and psychological methods.
the treatment is very important to the patient personal contact with the doctor.There should be full confidence in the specialist and a sincere desire to heal.In the course of treatment can be used different trainers: they can be used to accurately determine the ability of women to control the body, in particular, at the right time to relax the muscles of the vagina.All these skills will help her in the future to come back to normal psychological state during intercourse.
Thus, it is very important for any woman to promptly recover from frigidity.After all, everyone knows that the unstable and defective sexual life extremely negative impact on a woman's body and can lead to various kinds of physical illness.
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Christ heals one sick of the palsy. (1-12) Levi's call, and the entertainment given to Jesus. (13-17) Why Christ's disciples did not fast. (18-22) He justifies his disciples for plucking corn on the sabbath. (23-28)
Verses 1-12 It was this man's misery that he needed to be so carried, and shows the suffering state of human life; it was kind of those who so carried him, and teaches the compassion that should be in men, toward their fellow-creatures in distress. True faith and strong faith may work in various ways; but it shall be accepted and approved by Jesus Christ. Sin is the cause of all our pains and sicknesses. The way to remove the effect, is to take away the cause. Pardon of sin strikes at the root of all diseases. Christ proved his power to forgive sin, by showing his power to cure the man sick of the palsy. And his curing diseases was a figure of his pardoning sin, for sin is the disease of the soul; when it is pardoned, it is healed. When we see what Christ does in healing souls, we must own that we never saw the like. Most men think themselves whole; they feel no need of a physician, therefore despise or neglect Christ and his gospel. But the convinced, humbled sinner, who despairs of all help, excepting from the Saviour, will show his faith by applying to him without delay.
Verses 13-17 Matthew was not a good character, or else, being a Jew, he would never have been a publican, that is, a tax-gatherer for the Romans. However, Christ called this publican to follow him. With God, through Christ, there is mercy to pardon the greatest sins, and grace to change the greatest sinners, and make them holy. A faithful, fair-dealing publican was rare. And because the Jews had a particular hatred to an office which proved that they were subject to the Romans, they gave these tax-gatherers an ill name. But such as these our blessed Lord did not hesitate to converse with, when he appeared in the likeness of sinful flesh. And it is no new thing for that which is both well done and well designed, to be slandered, and turned to the reproach of the wisest and best of men. Christ would not withdraw, though the Pharisees were offended. If the world had been righteous, there had been no occasion for his coming, either to preach repentance, or to purchase forgiveness. We must not keep company with ungodly men out of love to their vain conversation; but we are to show love to their souls, remembering that our good Physician had the power of healing in himself, and was in no danger of taking the disease; but it is not so with us. In trying to do good to others, let us be careful we do not get harm to ourselves.
Verses 18-22 Strict professors are apt to blame all that do not fully come up to their own views. Christ did not escape slanders; we should be willing to bear them, as well as careful not to deserve them; but should attend to every part of our duty in its proper order and season.
Verses 23-28 The sabbath is a sacred and Divine institution; a privilege and benefit, not a task and drudgery. God never designed it to be a burden to us, therefore we must not make it so to ourselves. The sabbath was instituted for the good of mankind, as living in society, having many wants and troubles, preparing for a state of happiness or misery. Man was not made for the sabbath, as if his keeping it could be of service to God, nor was he commanded to keep it outward observances to his real hurt. Every observance respecting it, is to be interpreted by the rule of mercy.
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Guatemala's death toll following Hurricane Stan has risen past 500, as rescuers continue to retrieve bodies from whole villages buried by mudslides.
Guatemalan officials said Saturday that rescuers may find hundreds more. Already, Hurricane Stan has become the country's worst natural disaster. Its death toll has surpassed that of Hurricane Mitch, which killed 268 people in 1998.
Guatemala was the worst-hit of the nations ravaged by Stan, which struck Central America during the past week, and Mexico's Gulf Coast Tuesday. Officials say at least 67 people were killed in El Salvador. At least 15 deaths are reported in Mexico, and at least 10 in Nicaragua.
Thousands of people in the region are in shelters or homeless after their homes were covered in mud or washed away.
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A good night’s rest is important for your mental and physical health. Unfortunately, some people develop problems that affect them while they sleep, so this period can actually create trouble for them. Individuals who grind their teeth while they sleep are dealing with a problem known as bruxism. This issue interferes with their well-being because it creates unwelcome tension on their jaw joints and muscles, and because it leads to dental damage. Another problem that can affect you at night is sleep apnea. If you struggle with this problem, you may suffer from issues with snoring, and you can have difficulty completing your rest cycles. At our Mansfield, TX dentist’s office, we can help patients affected by these issues. The right oral appliance can ensure that you sleep soundly and without difficulty!
Problems That Occur While You Sleep Can Affect Your Daily Life
Difficulties that affect you while you sleep can have more impact on your daily life than you might anticipate. If you are unable to sleep peacefully because of sleep apnea, you may show signs of fatigue, irritability, and a lack of focus. You can also experience physical troubles, particularly if you have let sleep apnea go untreated for an extended period of time. Those who are affected by bruxism can find themselves waking up to pain in their face and jaw, experience headaches frequently, and even experience discomfort with their jaw movement.
Correcting Breathing Problems To Address Sleep Apnea
An oral appliance provided by your dentist can help you by keeping your airways clear while you sleep. Its presence addresses problems with restricted airway flow that will upset your ability to remain in a state of rest. When worn, it changes the position of your jaw so that your soft tissues do not block your throat. Putting a stop to these interruptions will effectively put a stop to nightly disruptions in your sleep cycle that have kept you from enjoying the full benefits of rest.
We Can Keep Teeth Safe With A Guard To Protect Against Bruxism
In time, bruxism can do enough damage to teeth to require cosmetic dental work, or even restorative dental work due to significant chipping and cracking. To stop yourself from grinding your teeth while you sleep, your dentist can provide you with an apparatus that keeps your upper and lower rows of teeth apart during the night. Creating this separation protects your enamel, and it can stop you from continuing to cause tension on your jaw joints and muscles.
Talk To Your Mansfield, TX Dentist About Using A Custom Oral Appliance
In some cases, the use of a custom oral appliance can help a person stop ongoing problems with their oral health which affect them at night. To learn more about how we can use these appliances to help those experiencing sleep apnea or bruxism, reach out to Mansfield Dental Associates by calling 817-473-6227.
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The UK Supreme Court has just signed up for Twitter, and plans to tweet about the cases it hears in an effort to increase transparency at the upper echelons of the legal system.
The @UKSupremeCourt account has been tweeting for less than 24 hours, and already it has live-tweeted the swearing in of a new judge and amended its Twitter policies thanks to the watchful eye of its community.
The first tweet from the account asked that followers visit the Supreme Court’s Twitter policy page to familiarize themselves with how the Court will approach this new medium.
The short document spells out how often they’ll tweet on average (2-3 times per week), its rules on @replies, and why they will not follow you back if you follow them. A smart move, as they can simply point to their posted rules whenever they receive a complaint or inquiry.
About two hours after tweeting the link to their Twitter policy, they began live tweeting the swearing in of Lord Reed, the newest member of the Supreme Court. They covered the ceremony in six tweets, and directed followers to live video coverage of the event as well.
But perhaps the most impressive thing the Supreme Court has done on Twitter thus far was respond to its community about Freedom of Information requests.
In its initial Twitter policy, the Court stated that,
“Sending messages to our Twitter feed will not be considered as contacting the Supreme Court for any official purpose (including the administration of cases or Freedom of Information requests). If you need to contact the Court for official correspondence, visit our Contact Us page.”
However, an intrepid Twitter user @FOIManUK pointed out in a tweet linking to a blog post that that policy was apparently wrong – and the Supreme Court responded to his concerns in just under an hour:
— UK Supreme Court (@UKSupremeCourt) February 6, 2012
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2009 New Year celebrations quieter than last year
Whilst the damage caused by New Year celebrations was less this time around, there is still justified consternation from different parts of Dutch society following incidents across the country.
From 10am New Year’s Eve until 2am on New Year’s Day, the Dutch streets could be mistaken for a military zone. This is the only time of the year that Dutch law allows the public to use fireworks.
According to figures from the Ministry of Interior and Kingdom Relations (BZK), reported in Elsevier Nieuws on 2 January 2009, there were 7,641 reported firework related ‘incidents’ across the Netherlands over New Year.
The celebrations to see 2009 in resulted in: 2,753 reported crimes relating to violence, mishandling, arson and vandalism, 1,370 cases of arson, 800 arrests, more than 325 people admitted to hospitals with firework injuries, 216 vehicles set alight, 97 incidences of violent behaviour against emergency services personnel, four schools burning, two people losing an eye, one fatality.
The consensus seems to be that the celebrations this time around were quieter than last.
Arsonists set fire to ‘only’ four schools this year, compared to 23 last year. In Zuid-Holland, there were ten percent fewer calls to the emergency services this year than last, and in The Hague vandals set fire to 50 cars, half of the damage done in 2007/8.
However, whilst the damage is less, there is still justified consternation from different parts of Dutch society following incidents across the country.
It was necessary to deploy riot police (ME) in Haarlem to protect fire officers, 150 people threw bottles and stones at police in Rotterdam and in Nijmegen a group bombarded police and fire officers with Molotov cocktails.
In Wijchen, a police station was the target of a firebomb and in Uddel emergency service crews had bottles thrown at them. Police made 52 arrests in Friesland for obstructing the emergency services.
More fun with fewer fireworks
Groen-Links councillors, Arno Bonte (Rotterdam) and David Rietveld (The Hague), have called for a ban on the public sale of fireworks through the petition “Meer Plezier met Minder Vuurwerk”. As an alternative, they want local authorities to organise professional displays like the annual event in Rotterdam.
“The Netherlands is one of the few countries where fireworks can be lit by non-professionals,” explains the petition.
The petition highlights the air pollution and smog caused by the sheer mass of fireworks, the risks for those with respiratory problems, the stress felt by older people, children and animals, as well as the financial costs.
A survey revealed that 30 percent of people do not leave home on New Year’s Eve because of the perceived danger of fireworks. David Rietveld sees this as a serious problem, adding, “The streets are for everyone, not just the 15 percent of the population who like to set off fireworks”.
Amanda van Mulligan/ Expatica
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Conditions of Use
Given the title of the book limits the coverage of the book to implementing a one address CPU, I think the book does a good job of covering the basics required to understand the components necessary to build this type of CPU as well as the... read more
Given the title of the book limits the coverage of the book to implementing a one address CPU, I think the book does a good job of covering the basics required to understand the components necessary to build this type of CPU as well as the reasoning behind the design choices made. The book also goes into some detail about other possible architectures and provides good insight on assembly language, and the assembly process.
I think the book portrays the material accurately, however there were several grammatical and spelling errors that stood out from the generally excellent material.
The ideas presented in this book are fundamental to understanding the basics of modern processors and could be found in a textbook forty years ago and without a dramatic shift in computing technology will probably be valid for the foreseeable future.
I think this book is written in a way that is very easy to understand and presents concepts in a way that I think is very accessible to students see the material for the first time. The only problem I encountered was the occasional grammatical or spelling error that detracted from the flow of information and caused some temporary confusion.
I did not have any issues with the consistency of the material
The modularity of the book was on par with a commercial textbook, in my opinion.
I thought the organization was logical and concepts were presented in a order that allows later topics to build on concepts introduced earlier in the book.
The interface with the book was through a PDF and worked normally. Ideally this book would be built as a website with separate pages devoted to the different chapters and material that is currently included as a zip file, accessible based on the chapter it goes with. Obviously this would take time and money and is not strictly necessary
I found several grammatical and spelling errors in the text. This is unfortunate because these errors really detract from an otherwise good text and could be fixed with less that a week of the authors or a graduate students time.
The content of this book is not culturally insensitive or offensive.
I really liked this book and am considering using at least part of it in a future class. Also the other two books by this author, Introduction To MIPS Assembly Language Programming, and Digital Circuit Projects: An Overview of Digital Circuits Through Implementing Integrated Circuits - Second Edition, are also valuable, with with caveat of a few grammatical and spelling errors.
Table of Contents
- 1.1 Basic Components in a CPU
- 1.2 Comparisons of Computer Architectures
- 1.3 Von Neumann and Harvard Architectures
2. Assembly Language
- 2.1 What is Assembly Language
- 2.2 Assembly Language Caveats
- 2.3 Assembler Directives
- 2.4 Data types
- 2.5 Designing an Assembly Language
- 2.6 Assembler Programs
3. Machine Code
- 3.1 Overview of the machine code instruction format
4. Assembler program
- 4.1 Running a program on the One-Address CPU
5. CPU implementation
- 5.1 The sign extend unit
- 5.2 The ALU
- 5.3 The Control Unit (CU)
- 5.4 The CPU
- 5.5 Implementing the CU
About the Book
Most computer users have an incorrect, but useful, cognitive metaphor for computers in which the user says (or types or clicks) something and a mystical, almost intelligent or magical, behavior happens. It is not a stretch to describe computer users as believing computers follow the laws of magic, where some magic incantation is entered, and the computer responds with an expected, but magical, behavior. This magic computer does not actually exist. In reality computer are machines, and every action a computer performs reduces to a set of mechanical operations. In fact the first complete definition of a working computer was a mechanical machine designed by Charles Babbage in 1834, and would have run on steam power. Probably the biggest success of Computer Science (CS) in the 20th century was the development of abstractions that hide the mechanical nature of computers. The fact that average people use computers without ever considering that they are mechanistic is a triumph of CS designers. This purpose of this monograph is to break the abstract understanding of a computer, and to explain a computer's behavior in completely in mechanistic terms. It will deal specifically with the Central Processing Unit (CPU) of the computer, as this is where the magic happens. All other parts of a computer can be seen as just providing information for the CPU to operate on. This monograph will deal with a specific type of CPU, a one-address CPU, and will explain this CPU using only standard gates, specifically AND, OR, NOT, NAND and XOR gates, and 4 basic Integrated Circuits (ICs), the Decoder, Multiplexer, Adder, and Flip Flop. All of these gates and components can be described as mechanical transformations of input data to output data, and the overall CPU can then be seen as a mechanical device.
About the Contributors
Charles W. Kann, Gettysburg College
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Aspiring Minds Computer Adaptive Test (AMCAT) is a type of Computer Adaptive Test to check skills of candidates such as aptitude skills, reasoning skills, technical skills and mental ability skills. Candidates may check AMCAT Exam 2022 Dates from here.
Candidates who are going to take part in Aspiring Minds’ Computer Adaptive Test 2022 must go through this page. Here we have provided AMCAT Registration, Fees, Pattern, Eligibility Criteria, selection process, exam pattern and other Details. Please have a look at the below segment.
Highlights of AMCAT Online Exam 2022:
- Conducting Body: Aspiring Minds’
- Exam Name: Aspiring Minds’ Computer Adaptive Test 2022
- Category: AMCAT Exam 2022
- AMCAT Exam Dates: Check Below
- Official Website: www.myamcat.com
AMCAT Exam 2022
A computer adaptive test is a type of computer-based test that adapts to an examinee’s ability. Essentially, such tests choose questions based on candidate’s performance in preceding questions.
AMCAT Exam Eligibility Criteria:
All those candidates who possess diploma or bachelors or masters or doctorate degree are eligible to apply for AMCAT 2021. There is now age limit to apply for AMCAT Exam.
There is no limit to the number of attempts that a candidate can take. However, a gap of at least 3 months is mandatory between two successive attempts.
Get Best Answer: How Do Toppers Study?
AMCAT Exam Fee:
- A candidate can choose between two types of subscriptions for AMCAT such as 1-year subscription and 2-year subscription.
- For one-year subscription, candidate will have to pay Rs. 990 (plus GST) and their score would be valid for one year.
- For two-year subscription, candidate shall pay another Rs. 900 (Plus GST) along with the base price of Rs. 990.
AMCAT Exam Date 2022:
- AMCAT is conducted every month in as many as 32 cities across India.
- The frequency of the conduction varies city to city.
- For Example, in a city like Bangalore where there are a lot of techies, the test is held on every 3rd day of the month.
AMCAT Exam Duration:
Pitambar Infovision, Mayapuri conducts exam in three shifts such as
- 10:00 am – 1:00 pm
- 1:00 pm – 4:00 pm
- 4:00 pm – 7:00 pm
Today many industries have come under the purview of AMCAT with major MNC’s taking this examination into consideration. Following major industries are actively using this test for recruitment.
- Financial Institutions
- Information Technology companies
- Automobile Companies
- Banking Companies and Institutions
- Corporate Companies
- Telecommunication companies
- Hospitality sector companies
- Digital Marketing Companies
- Education Industry
- Manufacturing Sector
- Advertising & Marketing
Must Know: Latest Jobs Openings For Freshers
AMCAT Registration Process:
- Initially all the aspirants need to visit to the official web portal that is www.myamcat.com for AMCAT Registration 2021.
- After reaching to home page of official website you need to press on “Register” tab visible at the top in right side.
- A new window will be displayed in front of your computer screen in an image form asking some details as shown in below given image for AMCAT Registration 2021.
- Fill AMCAT Online Application Form with asked details.
- Once you register with AMCAT, you will be provided with your login details via an email to the registered mail address.
- Now, you can log in to your AMCAT account through login details.
- Afterwards, complete your profile since it helps you showcase your skills and achievements.
- You can fill all the relevant options under the My Profile option for AMCAT Registration.
- After that if you think that you are ready to give a test then go to the Schedule Test button under the Test Schedule Details Window on the right sidebar.
- Now select the city in which you would like to appear for AMCAT.
- Various centres are available for AMCAT 2021; you can make your choice.
- After that, you have to select which date you want to appear for the exam.
- The dates are to be selected from a given list and each date has an AMCAT exam centre and a time slot associated with it.
- You can book slots 3 months in advance.
- Choose the date and the time slot in which you prefer to appear for the AMCAT exam for a selected city.
- After deciding timings, you can go ahead and hit Book.
- In Book section you can verify your personal details and proceed with the payment of the prescribed fee.
- The payment can be done for AMCAT Registration by using various means such as credit card, debit card, net banking, wallets, etc.
AMCAT consists of 3 types of modules:
- Language and Aptitude (Compulsory) – English Ability, Quantitative ability, Logical ability.
- Personality (Compulsory) – AMCAT Personality Inventory.
- Skill specific Modules (Optional) – Domain or interest related modules like Computer programming for CS/IT students. Electronics and Semiconductor for ECE students, Finance and Marketing for MBA students.
AMCAT Exam Pattern:
AMCAT shall be a 3-hour computer-adaptive test. The test comprises of 4 sections:
- English language test
- Logical Ability
- Quantitative Aptitude
- Two Optional subjects
- Maximum Marks: 900 Per Subject
|Section||Number of questions||Time duration|
|Quantitative Ability||16||18 mins|
|English Ability||18||16 mins|
|Logical Reasoning||14||16 mins|
|AMCAT Personality Inventory||90||20 mins|
|Domain-specific test (Select any 1 or 2 modules)||(based on the modules you select)||(based on the modules you select)|
More Links Related to AMCAT Exam
|AMCAT Official Website||Link|
|AMCAT Exam Schedule||Choose Slot|
Check More Links
|AMCAT Sample Papers||Details|
AMCAT Exam Centres:
Once the test has been taken by the candidate, he/she can download the scores using his official AMCAT account. And the candidate will soon start getting interview calls from the desired companies.
Know About: Top 10 Job Oriented Courses
Now, the test score would be taken into consideration by AMCAT administration and they would forward your profile score to the companies looking for the skills that you possess. Aspiring Minds (test conducting body) will facilitate this process.
Candidates can get the rest of details regarding AMCAT Exam 2021 from here, we have given complete details about the AMCAT Registration process so you can bookmark this page or can visit the Official Link to know the more updates. For any query regarding AMCAT Registration 2021, ask in below given comment box.
Something That You Should Put An Eye On
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|Best Career Options||List Of Scholarships in India|
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The protection period continues during the lifetime of the owner of the work and for 70 years after his death.
For works published after the death of their owner, the protection period is 70 years after the date of death.
In cases stated in the first paragraph of article 12, the protection period is 70 years from the date that the work is published, unless the owner of the work discloses his name before the expiry of this period.
In case the first owner of the work is a legal person, the protection period is 70 years from the date that the work is published.
Article 11 ("IN WORKS WHERE THE NAME OF THE OWNER IS STATED")
The person using his name or his known pseudonym in the published copies of a work or in the original of a work of fine arts as the owner of such a work is considered as the owner of the said work until otherwise is proven.
(Amended: 7.6.1995—4410/5) The person regularly presented as the owner of the work in public places or in the conferences and performances broadcast by radio-television is considered as the owner of the said work; unless another person is considered as the owner of the work by way of the inference set forth in the first paragraph.)
Article 12 ("IN WORKS WHERE THE NAME OF THE OWNER IS NOT STATED")
If the owner of a published work is not known per article 11, the publisher, and in case the publisher is also not known, the duplicator may exercise the rights and authorities as the owner of the work in his own name.
Such authorities belong to the deliverer of the conference or the executor of the performance in cases where the owner of the work is not known by inference in the second paragraph of article 11.
The provisions of ordinary proxy are applied in the relations between the persons authorized under this article and the original owners of the right.
Article 47 ("Expropriation")
The authority to make use of the financial rights on a work that is deemed to carry importance for the country culture may be expropriated by way of paying a suitable value before the expiry of the protection period through a decree. In order to decide on this matter, the work should have been promulgated in Turkey or by Turkish citizens out of Turkey and at the same time the copies of the work should have been sold out for two years and the promulgation of new copies by the owner of the rights within a suitable period should have been considered impossible.
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For Earth's first couple, obedience trumps rebellion then leads to redemption.
But what of their children?
Seduced by evil, Cain kills Abel then flees with his sister to the land of Nod. Bereaved of all their children in one day, Adam and Eve are heartbroken...until they see a vision of Abel in paradise with their childhood pets, Lion and Lamb, and Eve finds the strength to wait upon the Lord for His blessing.
Though dead on earth, Abel's soul lives on in paradise, resting and learning from the old cherub who God sent to teach the murdered son of Adam. He listens to the war songs the legions of angels sing that battle for his brother and sister, and even his mother's soul. But best of all, the angel elder tells him stories of Heaven and how one day, man and God will be reconciled.
Again, the first couple is tested and must wait upon the Lord's blessing to begin again. Can they walk in obedience for 70 long years? And Cain's offering is finally accepted, but by whom?
Three parallel storylines offer a new perspective to an age-old story.
At the end of the story, a section called Search the Scriptures helps listeners understand where the author got her ideas for the story and encourages them to do their own searches as well.
©2014 Caryl McAdoo (P)2015 Caryl McAdoo
Ms. McAdoo has written an interesting book based loosely on the Biblical story of Adam and Eve and their children. While I disagree with many of the author's theological conclusions, I found it to be an entertaining and imaginative story. She fleshed out the simple story with possible human emotions and reactions to the issues confronting the first family. Her ideas are fresh and very creative!
The cover of the book doesn't do it justice. It needs a fiery angel or something. :)
This narrator is outstanding. He excels at maintaining the identity of each character, male and female, and moderating the pace of the "action" of the story without overacting. His voice is strong and flexible.
Report Inappropriate Content
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Unless you’re a parent yourself, you probably haven’t had cause to think about the Early Learning Centre since you were about… ooh, six years old. But the iconic British children’s retailer has suddenly found itself at the centre of a heated debate about gender stereotyping – and it’s not backing down.
The ELC, as it is known, has been slammed for a recent online marketing campaign that presents girls and boys in an acutely gendered light.
In the email advertisement, which was picked up by gender-neutral toy campaign Let Toys Be Toys, three little girls are shown dressed up as Belle from Beauty and the Beast, Cinderella and “Brianna the Ballerina”.
Their male counterparts, meanwhile, are depicted wearing traditionally ‘male’ costumes: Spiderman, a doctor, and a “Wise Wizard”.
More troubling that the costumes alone, however, is the fairy tale narrative ascribed to the young characters in the advertisement.
“Once upon a time,” reads the copy, “Belle and Cinderella [were] all ready to go to the ball when Spiderman flew in from out of nowhere!”
The wizard (who, lest we forget, is very very wise) tries to warn the girls that Spiderman is “super fast” – but to no avail. “Brianna the Ballerina had a tumble! Uh-oh!”
Fortunately for the hapless girls, “Danny the Doctor” was on hand to “save the day with his medical case”.
Perryman said that Let Toys Be Toys had had “very pleasant and productive” meetings with some of the ELC’s major rivals, including Toys R Us and The Entertainer, to discuss how they can reduce stereotypes in their products.
The ELC, in contrast, has so far refused to meet with representatives from the campaign group, and has ignored all correspondence from them since 2013.
On Twitter, many people expressed their disappointment and frustration that gender stereotypes were still being promoted by children’s shops.
Perhaps sensing a social media firestorm brewing, the ELC released a statement insisting that the store features “both boys and girls playing with many different toys and dressing-up outfits” in their marketing material.
A spokesperson for the store said: “At Early Learning Centre our aim is to offer a wide enough range to appeal to the many different tastes and play interests of little ones.”
A quick look at the ELC’s website does reveal a photo of a little boy wearing a hairdresser’s belt and a girl photographed carrying a blue “explorer kit”. However, the vast majority of their dressing-up costumes are shown in a distinctly gendered light.
It’s important to push back against stereotypes like those shown in the ELC’s marketing campaign, because research has shown that children of both genders can be influenced by such ideas from a very young age.
Girls as young as six are often convinced that boys are more innately gifted or smart than them, according to one recent study published in the journal Science.
Other research indicates that children have developed very clear ideas about what jobs are ‘suitable’ for boys and girls by the time they reach late primary age – and these beliefs can be very difficult to shake later in life.
So come on, retailers. Let’s start seeing a few more girl doctors and superheroes, as well as some more male ballerinas and princes. It might just make the world a better place for everyone.
Images: ELC, iStock
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GEN’L J. J. PERSHING recording from the Battlefields of France withOrig Sleeve WWI
It has Pershing’s autograph etched in the shellac but, in my opinion, the historical significance of this WWI recording is the speech on the other side by Ambassador James W. Gerard where he warns those German-Americans who are enemy sympathizers that they might be hung from America’s lamposts. Definitely VERY politically incorrect. Record in very good condition. Here is full content of Ambassador Gerard’s recorded speech. I know that it is hard for Americans to realize the magnitude of the war in which we are involved. We have problems in this war no other nations have. Fortunately, the great majority of American citizens of German descent have, in this great crisis of our history, shown themselves splendidly loyal to our flag. Everyone had a right to sympathize with any warring nation. But now that we are in the war there are only two sides, and the time has come when every citizen must declare himself American – or traitor! We must disappoint the Germans who have always believed that the German-Americans here would risk their property, their children’s future, and their own neck, and take up arms for the Kaiser. The Foreign Minister of Germany once said to me your country does not dare do anything against Germany, because we have in your country 500,000 German reservists who will rise in arms against your government if you dare to make a move against Germany. Well, I told him that that might be so, but that we had 500,001 lamp posts in this country, and that that was where the reservists would be hanging the day after they tried to rise. And if there are any German-Americans here who are so ungrateful for all the benefits they have received that they are still for the Kaiser, there is only one thing to do with them. I have travelled this year over all the United States. Through the Alleghenies, the White Mountains, and the Catskills, the Rockies and the Bitterroot Mountains, the Cascades, the Coast Range, and the Sierras. And in all these mountains, there is no animal that bites and kicks and squeals and scratches, that would bite and squeal and scratch equal to a fat German-American, if you commenced to tie him up and told him that he was on his way back to the Kaiser. The item “GEN’L J. J. PERSHING recording from the Battlefields of France withOrig Sleeve WWI” is in sale since Saturday, September 22, 2018. This item is in the category “Collectibles\Historical Memorabilia\Political\US\Other US Politics Collectibles”. The seller is “phonobob2″ and is located in Scottsdale, Arizona. This item can be shipped to United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Denmark, Romania, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Czech republic, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Estonia, Australia, Greece, Portugal, Cyprus, Slovenia, Japan, China, Sweden, South Korea, Indonesia, Taiwan, Thailand, Belgium, France, Hong Kong, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Italy, Germany, Austria, Bahamas, Israel, Mexico, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, Switzerland, Norway, Saudi arabia, United arab emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Croatia, Malaysia, Chile, Colombia, Costa rica, Dominican republic, Panama, Trinidad and tobago, Guatemala, El salvador, Honduras, Jamaica.
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This campaign cycle, even election rules were grounds for partisan fighting. Republican Ken Detzner, Florida’s secretary of state, attempted a purge of the voter rolls, prompting accusations of discrimination. In Colorado, Secretary of State Scott Gessler, also a Republican, tinkered with a similar effort. Pennsylvania’s Secretary of the Commonwealth Carole Aichele, another Republican appointed by Governor Tom Corbett, openly supported the state’s voter-ID law. Most famously, there was Jon Husted, Ohio’s Republican secretary of state, whose decision to limit early-voting hours to keep them consistent across the state prompted cries of outrage.
All of the partisan wrangling makes Wisconsin, which has a nonpartisan model for running elections, look pretty appealing. In 2008, the Badger State created Government Accountability Board, a group of retired judges approved by members of both parties who administer elections for the state. While it doesn’t stop legislative tinkering—the state did pass a voter-ID law only to see it knocked down by the courts—the GAB can more easily advocate reforms without the appearance of benefitting one side or another.
But though secretaries of state complain a lot about the partisan politicking around elections, plenty actually prefer having a partisan affiliation.
I first asked Washington State Secretary of State Sam Reed, a Republican, and Missouri Secretary of State Robin Carnahan, a Democrat about making election officials nonpartisan. Both were speaking on a panel at a conference on voting in 2012 held by the Pew Center on States this week. The conference featured a number of elections officials, and just about all of them complained about the difficulties of working with state legislatures.
Both officials have been reasonably successful at gaining trust from both parties. Reed in particular has garnered praise from across the political spectrum for his work increasing registration options and providing online resources for voters, as well as moving his state to an entirely vote-by-mail system. However, they each described frustrating partisan roadblocks that blocked reforms like online registration, early voting and other ways of expanding options.
Still, neither thought moving to nonpartisan models was a good idea.
Carnahan didn’t like the idea of a non-partisan commissions or panels because they weren’t as visible to voters. “Having accountability and knowing who to be mad at when something goes wrong has a lot of value,” she said. “The problem with a commission, of course, is that you don't know who to be mad at and you don't know how to kick those people out when they do a bad job.”
Reed focused on the problems with nonpartisan elected officials. “We know, people who are running in nonpartisan positions, what their parties are,” he said. “Generally though I don't see where that makes a whole lot of difference.”
California’s Democratic Secretary of State Debra Bowen, who got attention for starting an online voter-registration system in the state that yielded hundreds of thousands of new voters, concurred with Reed and Carnahan. Without the partisan labels, she said, insiders would know a secretary’s loyalties, but voters might not. “It becomes secret partisanship, not nonpartisanship,” she explained. “It's better for voters to know and to be able to hold their secretaries of state accountable.”
Across the conference, which featured more than a dozen chief elections officers, there seemed to a surprising amount of agreement that elected, partisan officials offered the most small-"d" democratic option for voters.
The appeal of nonpartisan commissions still remain. Throughout the two-day conference, election officials complained frequently about convincing lawmakers of what they needed—more money for training poll workers, better machines, better technology. They said logistical decisions, like cutting off early voting to allow more time for poll workers to process ballots or expanding voter registration options, were always perceived as benefitting one side. By relying on retired judges, Wisconsinites can actually trust that decisions are made for the right reasons and not for partisan gain.
In most cases, voters have no idea of the fights over election rules unless things get controversial. And then, there's undoubtedly advantages to being able to vote folks out of office. The goal should probably be preventing the controversy in the first place.
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|Artist / Origin||
Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez (Spanish, 1599–1660)
Period: 1400 CE - 1800 CE
Oil on canvas
|Dimensions||H: 121 in. (307 cm.), W: 144 ½ in. (367 cm.)|
|Location||Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain|
|Credit||Courtesy of Art Resource, NY/Photo by Erich Lessing|
|Jonathan BrownProfessor of Fine Arts, Institute of Fine Arts at New York University|
Brown, Jonathan. Painting in Spain, 1500–1700. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999.
Brown, Jonathan. Velázquez: Painter and Courtier. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988.
Brown, Jonathan, and John H. Elliot. A Palace for a King: The Buen Retiro and the Court of Philip IV, rev. and expanded ed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004.
Harris, Ann Sutherland. Seventeenth-Century Art and Architecture. London: Laurence King Publishing, 2004.
Moffitt, John F. “Diego Velázquez, Andrea Alciati and the Surrender of Breda.” Artibus et Historiae, 3.5 (1982): 75–90.
Surrender of Breda
In the early 1630s, a massive project to build and decorate a new palace for Philip IV was underway outside of Madrid.
Called Buen Retiro, the palace was intended as a retreat for the king and his court. In addition to the temporary spectacles that were held there, Buen Retiro came to house an impressive collection of art by some of the greatest masters of seventeenth-century Spain.
Among the works commissioned for the palace was a series of twelve paintings for the Hall of Realms, where royal audiences and other ceremonies took place. The paintings, by different artists, depicted recent Spanish victories, some won just a year or two earlier. The Surrender of Breda, by the court’s leading artist Diego Velázquez, celebrates the Spanish takeover of the Dutch town of Breda on June 5, 1625. At the center of the canvas, Dutch commander Justin of Nassau stands facing Italian general Ambrosio Spinola, leader of the Spanish troops. It is clear that Nassau (left) is the losing party—not only does he bow slightly before Spinola, but he also relinquishes the key to the city. Traditional scenes of surrender in early modern Europe generally showed the victor raised above the vanquished. Here, Spinola’s willingness to meet the man he trumped on level ground is understood as an act of magnanimity. Yet, the hand he places on his opponent’s shoulder is ambivalent—a concurrent show of respect and condescension.
The Surrender of Breda and the other images in the Buen Retiro series served a dual purpose. On the one hand, they offered evidence of Spain’s power to contemporary audiences; on the other, they commemorated the success of Philip’s reign for posterity. In order to meet these objectives effectively, they sometimes played with the facts. For instance, there was no handing over of keys at Breda and although the Dutch army looks tattered and torn beside the upright Spanish, eyewitness testimony suggests that the battle was extremely rough for both sides. What’s more, by depicting events that had not yet withstood the test of time, the artists (and their patron) were taking a major risk. In this case, the gamble was lost. Spain’s dominance did not last, and by the end of the decade, many of the victories depicted, including that at Breda, had been reversed.
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CU-Boulder Program Pursues More Engagement in Teaching the STEM Teachers
At the University of Colorado at Boulder, as at so many colleges throughout the country, most students with a drive for natural science and technology pursue degrees, and subsequently careers, in these fields. However, a 2007 report from The National Academies made the case that American students' declining interest in and pursuit of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education will "inevitably degrade its social and economic conditions and in particular erode the ability of its citizens to compete for high-quality jobs."
In other words, there's a bit of a downward spiral in motion. People who are passionate about scientific subjects, and subsequently more likely to inspire passion in others, are not showing interest in teaching these subjects. Those who do pursue education careers, while they may become extremely qualified teachers, are not in large numbers bringing the additional zest for science necessary to drive their future students towards STEM education and careers. The likely result? The next generation will be even less interested in science, and therefore less interested in pursuing related careers or in teaching the subject to others. And the degradation of American students' qualifications will continue until the country is no longer even a major player in the global community of science and technology.
But CU-Boulder has devised the Learning Assistant program in an effort to reverse the spiral. The school launched the LA program in 2003 as a means to recruit and train eager, talented K-12 science teachers, encourage faculty to recruit such teachers, and improve overall undergraduate science education through greater engagement of students. It is a component of the school's iSTEM program, which is the school's five-year initiative to establish itself as a national hub of STEM education reform through STEM teacher preparation and extensive research on STEM education.
Several faculty at the school have come to realize that undergraduate science students possess several unique traits that may make them better facilitators of both education and interest in the sciences. Explained biochemistry learning assistant Sarah Berger, a sophomore biochemistry major, "they know that I don't have all the answers either, so they don't feel like I'll think their questions are silly or dumb." She added that more advanced scientists may tend to "glaze over" concepts that have become second nature after years of study and application but are extremely difficult for science novices to comprehend.
Associate Professor of Education Valerie Otero is the program's current overseer, and she said she has noticed a significant impact, one that empirical data supports. The program assesses students at the beginning and end of selected courses, and those coached by learning assistants consistently score higher. In addition, internal data indicate that the LA program has encouraged significantly more math and science students to pursue careers in teaching.
"These data indicate that learning assistants know their stuff," said a spokesperson, "which will help them, and the nation, regardless of whether they become research professors or high school physics teachers." And, Otero noted, at least 12 other universities have made efforts to replicate the program.
Scott Aronowitz is a freelance writer based in Las Vegas. He has covered the technology, advertising, and entertainment sectors for seven years. He can be reached here.
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Newswise — Vitamin D levels in the body at the start of a low-calorie diet predict weight loss success, a new study found. The results, which suggest a possible role for vitamin D in weight loss, were presented at The Endocrine Society's 91st Annual Meeting in Washington, D.C.
"Vitamin D deficiency is associated with obesity, but it is not clear if inadequate vitamin D causes obesity or the other way around," said the study's lead author, Shalamar Sibley, MD, MPH, an assistant professor of medicine at the University of Minnesota.
In this study, the authors attempted to determine whether baseline vitamin D levels before calorie restriction affect subsequent weight loss. They measured circulating blood levels of vitamin D in 38 overweight men and women before and after the subjects followed a diet plan for 11 weeks consisting of 750 calories a day fewer than their estimated total needs. Subjects also had their fat distribution measured with DXA (bone densitometry) scans.
On average, subjects had vitamin D levels that many experts would consider to be in the insufficient range, according to Sibley. However, the authors found that baseline, or pre-diet, vitamin D levels predicted weight loss in a linear relationship. For every increase of 1 ng/mL in level of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol—the precursor form of vitamin D and a commonly used indicator of vitamin D status—subjects ended up losing almost a half pound (0.196 kg) more on their calorie-restricted diet. For each 1-ng/mL increase in the active or "hormonal" form of vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol), subjects lost nearly one-quarter pound (0.107 kg) more.
Additionally, higher baseline vitamin D levels (both the precursor and active forms) predicted greater loss of abdominal fat.
"Our results suggest the possibility that the addition of vitamin D to a reduced-calorie diet will lead to better weight loss," Sibley said.
She cautioned, however, that more research is needed. "Our findings," she said, "need to be followed up by the right kind of controlled clinical trial to determine if there is a role for vitamin D supplementation in helping people lose weight when they attempt to cut back on what they eat."
The National Institutes of Health, the University of Minnesota, and the Pennock Family Endowment at the University of Minnesota funded this study.
MEDIA CONTACTRegister for reporter access to contact details
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The molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococus aureus (MRSA) in a university hospital in Italy was studied in a five-month period in 1996, during which all S. aureus isolated were collected.
All MRSA isolates (95) and a sample of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (20) were typed with a variety of phenotypic and genotypic methods.
Clonal identities were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of chromosomal SmaI digests and. for M RSA isolates, by probing ClaI digests with a mecA probe and a Tn554 probe.
Overall, MRSA represented 32.3% of all isolates. with very high percentages from the intensive care units (adult and neonatal).
PFGE after restriction with SmaI resolved genomic DNA of 95 MRSA strains into 26 major PFGE patterns.
The use of southern blot hybridization of ClaI genomic digests with mecA and Tn554 allowed us a significant increase in discrimination, differentiating at least 32 different clones.
Two major clones. however, each sharing common ClaI-mecA and Tn554 type and PFGE pattern as well as a common resistance phenotype, represented more than 50% of all MRSA isolates.
The recovery of these two clones in the majority of the isolates of adult and neonatal intensive care units, respectively, is indicative of typical nosocomial outbreaks and clonal spread.
It is concluded that intensive care units are major areas requiring preventative interventions.
Mots-clés Pascal : Italie, Europe, Homme, Infection nosocomiale, Résistance traitement, Staphylococcie, Bactériose, Infection, Epidémiologie, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcaceae, Micrococcales, Bactérie, Méticilline, Antibiotique, Antibactérien, Biologie moléculaire, Isolat clinique, Pénicilline dérivé, bêta-Lactamines, Résistance méticilline
Mots-clés Pascal anglais : Italy, Europe, Human, Nosocomial infection, Negative therapeutic reaction, Staphylococcal infection, Bacteriosis, Infection, Epidemiology, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcaceae, Micrococcales, Bacteria, Meticillin, Antibiotic, Antibacterial agent, Molecular biology, Clinical isolate, Penicillin derivatives, bêta-Lactams
Notice produite par :
Inist-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique
Cote : 99-0127071
Code Inist : 002B05B02N. Création : 16/11/1999.
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Barrier Reef snubbed in Lonely Planet's top 10 dive spots
Lonely Planet has left Queensland's Great Barrier Reef off its list of the world's top dive spots.
Belize's Great Blue Hole in central America tops the travel guide's list, with WA's Cocklebiddy Cave under the Nullarbor Plain the only Australian mention at number nine.
However, one of the natural wonders of the world, the Great Barrier Reef, did not make the top 10.
Dive Queensland spokesman Col McKenzie says he is amazed places like the Yongala wreck off Townsville and Osprey Reef off Cape York have been overlooked.
"I have no idea how they managed to put Cocklebiddy Cave up," he said.
"I've been out there and I certainly wouldn't rate it as a high-quality dive."
A Lonely Planet spokesman says the list was put together by the online editorial team in London and was not meant to be definitive.
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Also see Kibi, mebi, gibi, tebi, pebi, and all that, which are relatively new prefixes designed to express power-of-two multiples.
Kilo, mega, giga, tera, and peta are among the list of prefixes that are used to denote the quantity of something, such as, in computing and telecommunications, a byte or a bit. Sometimes called prefix multipliers, these prefixes are also used in electronics and physics. Each multiplier consists of a one-letter abbreviation and the prefix that it stands for.
By submitting your personal information, you agree that TechTarget and its partners may contact you regarding relevant content, products and special offers.
In communications, electronics, and physics, multipliers are defined in powers of 10 from 10-24 to 1024, proceeding in increments of three orders of magnitude (103 or 1,000). In IT and data storage, multipliers are defined in powers of 2 from 210 to 280, proceeding in increments of ten orders of magnitude (210 or 1,024). These multipliers are denoted in the following table.
|Prefix||Symbol(s)||Power of 10||Power of 2|
|kilo-||k or K **||103||210|
|* Not generally used to express data speed|
|** k = 103 and K = 210|
Examples of quantities or phenomena in which power-of-10 prefix multipliers apply include frequency (including computer clock speeds), physical mass, power, energy, electrical voltage, and electrical current. Power-of-10 multipliers are also used to define binary data speeds. Thus, for example, 1 kbps (one kilobit per second) is equal to 103, or 1,000, bps (bits per second); 1 Mbps (one megabit per second) is equal to 106, or 1,000,000, bps. (The lowercase k is the technically correct symbol for kilo- when it represents 103, although the uppercase K is often used instead.)
When binary data is stored in memory or fixed media such as a hard drive, diskette, ZIP disk, tape, or CD-ROM, power-of-2 multipliers are used. Technically, the uppercase K should be used for kilo- when it represents 210. Therefore 1 KB (one kilobyte) is 210, or 1,024, bytes; 1 MB (one megabyte) is 220, or 1,048,576 bytes.
The choice of power-of-10 versus power-of-2 prefix multipliers can appear arbitrary. It helps to remember that in common usage, multiples of bits are almost always expressed in powers of 10, while multiples of bytes are almost always expressed in powers of 2. Rarely is data speed expressed in bytes per second, and rarely is data storage or memory expressed in bits. Such usages are considered improper. Confusion is not likely, therefore, provided one adheres strictly to the standard usages of the terms bit and byte.
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Ground Burial Options
As the most traditional burial choice, in-ground burial typically involves a casket and is marked by an upright memorial or flat marker. Lots (graves) are sold side by side (for two people) or one on top of the other (double depth), also for two people.
No matter which option you choose West Oak Memorial Gardens is the perfect place for quiet reflection.
The six basic components of in-ground burial are:
- The final resting place is the lot/grave/plot within the cemetery. If you’ve already purchased your space, you can complete your pre-planning by setting up an appointment to purchase the remaining necessary components.
- The casket, which would be purchased from one of the local funeral homes, and contains the deceased for burial.
- The vault is installed in the burial site first, prior to placing the casket. The vault helps provide protection for the casket. It also helps to maintain a flat and level gravesite, in turn providing safe, sure footing for your loved ones.
- The opening-and-closing or interment service is to prepare the gravesite for burial. It consists of ground opening, closing (back-filling), and landscaping (to restore the gravesite’s appearance).
- An upright monument or flat marker at the gravesite to honour and celebrate a life worth remembering.
- A post interment reception is a reception or gathering after a funeral. As in most Christian faiths it is common to provide food and beverages after the burial. It is a good opportunity for people to spend time together to celebrate the life of the deceased. Funerals often bring people together who may not have seen each other in some time, and a reception also provides an opportunity for people to reconnect.
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The First Information and Learning Center for the Practical Implementation of Stakeholder Capitalism
What makes this Stakeholder Capitalism and this information, learning center and community unique? Explains Ralf Specht, Co-Founder, Spark44, an international ad agency, and author of Building Corporate Soul: Powering Culture & Success with the Soul System, “CEOs have been saying for years that people are their No. 1 asset, but as we all know, employee engagement remains low throughout the world. Leadership is not just about empathy or humility: it requires a strategic and systematic approach to day-to-day management—a system.”
This one-of-a-kind resource, education, and information sharing organization is designed for educators, boards, CEOs and the C-suite, investors and all managers at organizations seeking to benefit from the last bastion of value creation: the contribution of all your stakeholders—customers, employees, supply chain and distribution partners, and communities. Unlike other organizations and education programs, the EEA Stakeholder Management and Enterprise Engagement education program focuses on the alignment of management and engagement practices across the enterprise, rather than looking at human resources and marketing in siloes.
Business leaders worldwide are talking about Stakeholder Capitalism. The EEA information resources and learning platform focus on how to implement the principles of Stakeholder Management and Enterprise Engagement through:
News and information: Ongoing reporting on the field through:
- ESM at EnterpriseEngagement.org and EEXAdvisors.com resource center for information and solution provider resources.
- RRN at RewardsRecognitionNetwork.com and BrandMediaCoalition.com resource center.
- EEA YouTube channel for over 35 evergreen panel discussions with experts with practical, actionable insights on dozens of topics related to Stakeholder Management and Enterprise Engagement.
- Quarterly members-only meetings to discuss latest trends, issues, challenges, and opportunities with guest panelists.
Education and certification. The EEA has created the first executive education program on the implementation principles of Stakeholder Management and Enterprise Engagement by world-recognized pioneers in Stakeholder Management and Enterprise Engagement—the theory, framework, and practical implementation of Stakeholder Capitalism principles by fostering the proactive involvement of all stakeholders and through effective internal and external human capital reporting.
Outreach. Through its own media platforms and in cooperation with other organizations, the Enterprise Engagement Alliance and its Brand Media Coalition focus on activities to educate management around the world on the principles of Stakeholder Management and Enterprise Engagement, and the critical strategies, tactices, and resources required for success.
Advisory services. The EEA provides access to expertise in all areas of strategic and tactical implementation for human capital gap analyses; process design and measurement; and human capital reporting.
Books. EEA individual and corporate memberships include copies of the six books in the core Stakeholder Management and Enterprise Engagement curriculum. Click below if you wish to purchase books if you are not yet ready to join.
- Strategic Theory: Concepts and Strategies ($17.99) by Edward Freeman. The theory and principles of stakeholder management from the academic founder of the field based on principles first published in 1984 in Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach.
- Grow the Pie: How Great Companies Deliver Both Purpose and Profit, ($17.99) by Alex Edmans. The financial principles of Stakeholder Capitalism based on research of the performance of companies designated as “Great Places to Work” research confirmed in independent research.
- Building Corporate Soul: Powering Culture & Success with the Soul System, ($22.49) by Ralph Specht, on the new approach to leadership and culture in the world of stakeholder management. The lesson is that leadership is a system that aligns purpose, culture, values, brands, and goals and objectives across the organization.
- Humanizing Human Capital: Invest in Your People for Optimal Business Returns ($28), by Dr. Solange Charas and Stela Lupushor. The book (coming out September 2022) is the latest comprehensive guide to human capital management and reporting.
- Enterprise Engagement: for CEOs ($15.99) by Bruce Bolger. The practical guide for executives seeking to bake stakeholder management into current organizational processes.
- Enterprise Engagement: The Roadmap, ($36) by Bruce Bolger, Allan Schweyer, and Richard Kern. A detailed guide to all the tactics involved with the implementation of the people aspects of Stakeholder Capitalism for those in charge at the front lines.
- Fishing With Dynamite, a one-hour film and lesson plan to instruct business professionals on the history, principles and framework of Stakeholder Capitalism. Click here to rent starting at $2.99 or buy at $7.99.
- Practical education. Membership includes nine recorded one-hour webinars with experts in all areas of Stakeholder Capitalism and implementation that cover all aspects of the field and include preparation for those seeking formal certification.
For more information. Contact Bruce Bolger at 914-591-7600, ext. 230 or firstname.lastname@example.org.
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Fourth generation language:
A programming language that can be employed directly end users or less skilled programmers to develop computer applications more rapidly than programming languages.
This refers to a preliminary working version of an information system for documentation and evaluation purposes.
Facilities of 4GLs:
1. Query languages e.g. SQL
They could be used in retrieving data stored in databases or files in a prototype application.
2. Report generators e.g. RPG III
They extract data from files or databases to create customized reports in a wide range of formats not routinely produced an information system. Report generators could be used to implement the reporting facility of a prototype.
3. Graphics languages e.g. SAS Graph, Systar
They retrieve data from files or databases and display them in a graphic format. Some graphics software can perform arithmetic or logic operations on data as well. Graphics languages could thus be used to implement prototypes, which prevent graphing features.
4. Application generators e.g. FOCUS, PowerBuilder
They contain pre-programmed modules that can generate entire applications including websites greatly speeding development. A user can specify what needs to be done, and the application generator will create the appropriate program code for input, validation, update, processing and reporting.
5. Very high programming language languages e.g. APL, Nomad2
They generate program code with fewer instructions than conventional languages such as COBOL or FORTRAN. They are designed primarily as productivity tools for professional programmers who may need to code a prototype in a short period of time.
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|Restrictions||No 2025 2024 2023|
|Distribution||Human Thought and Expression|
Faculty Profile for Professor Witherspoon
Everyone faces fundamental questions about what to believe, how to act, what to value, and who to care for. Philosophy focuses explicitly on these and related questions, using reason and argumentation to assess a wide range of possible responses. Students may leave this course with fewer answers and more questions than they had when they entered, but they will definitely gain new resources for thinking deeply about the central question that Socrates posed: ‘What kind of life is best for a human being?’
Some of the particular issues we will xplored are: What is justice, and what makes it valuable? What should I do if, through no fault of my own, I find myself part of an unjust institution? Does it even make sense to talk about what I should do, since science seems to show that my behavior is largely or even completely determined by factors outside my control? Behind all these issues lie questions about the self: What makes me me – is it my beliefs and personality, my biology, or something else?
To stimulate our reflection, students read writings by Plato, John Stuart Mill, Martin Luther King, Jr., Iris Marion Young, and others. Class meetings are devoted mostly to discussion. Students who successfully complete this seminar will earn credit for PHIL 101 and satisfy one half of the human thought and expression areas of inquiry requirement.
Ed Witherspoon has been teaching philosophy at Colgate for more than twenty years. His teaching interests include logic, history of modern philosophy, and philosophy and the social sciences. Themes of his recent writings include our knowledge of each other’s minds and connections between the analytic and continental philosophical traditions.
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ITIL Foundation Exam
If you’re working within an organization which has adopted ITIL, the Foundation certification can boost both your knowledge and career.
It is a useful introduction to the terminology and concepts of the ITIL® service lifecycle for those who require a basic understanding of the framework. You will also gain an understanding of how ITIL can improve IT service management (ITSM).
ITIL Foundation Exam Format
- Multiple choice examination questions
- 40 questions
- 26 marks required to pass (out of 40 available) - 65%
- 60 minutes’ duration
- Closed book
- 93% of hiring managers recognize industry certifications
- 54% of people experienced their first benefit within three months of gaining a certification such as a salary increase or promotion
- 86% of IT professionals said they would recommend certification to a colleague when discussing a career or advancement in IT
Source: Value of IT Certification 2018
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Beagles are medium-sized, energetic dogs. They are intelligent, friendly, and playful and enjoy spending time with children, other dogs, family members, and friends. They are loyal, loving, and affectionate and eager to please.
They were initially kept as hunter dogs in England. Beagle puppies are extremely devoted and have strong bonds with their family members. They are a sturdy, reliable breed and form one of the best family pets.
Beagle’s coat is short and has different colors. Beagle puppies are known to make great companions. Beagle coat colors are available in a very large variety and you can select any coat color from a wide range of color combinations of beagle’s coat.
Different Color Combinations of Beagles
Breeders can show you a vast range of Beagle color combinations, from tri-colored beagles to only white rare colored beagles.
According to AKC (American Kennel Club), there is a total of 25 different possible combinations for Beagle coat colors. Out of a total of 25, the 10 standard combinations are :
- Tan and white beagle
- Black and tan beagle
- Black tan and white beagle
- Black red and white beagle
- Black tan and blue tick beagle
- Black white and tan beagles
- Blue tan and white beagles
- Brown white beagles
- Lemon and white beagle
- Red and white beagle
Tri-colored beagles are very common. However, red, red-black, red-black, and white are rare beagle colors. White beagles are extremely rare because they are not purebred beagles.
Tan and White Beagle
Tan and white beagles are one of the most popular colors for this lovable breed! But what makes these colors so special?
Keep reading to find out everything you need to know about white and tan beagles, including what sets them apart from other beagle colors and which one might be right for you!
Beagles are a small to medium-sized dog breed. They contain short tan and white coats all over the body with white markings. These Beagles are also known as Hair Pied, because of the white markings. They have long ears that hang down, and a tail that is usually carried high.
They have light-colored eyes. Their height ranges from 13 to 15 inches and their weight is 22-30 pounds. They are a very friendly breed and are known for being great with children.
The majority of their population is a tri-colored beagle breed such as the classic tri-color beagle. However, they also have some bi-colored breeds such as lemon and white beagle with tan markings.
When it comes to personality, beagles are known for being friendly, curious, and determined. They are also active and playful, making them great companions for families with children. Tan and white beagles are no different – in fact, they may even have a bit more personality than your average beagle!
Whether you’re looking for a snuggle buddy or a walking partner, a tan and a white beagle are sure to make a great addition to your family.
These beagles are very similar to other beagle colors. They are friendly, outgoing, and have a lot of energy. They love to play and are always up for a good time. They are also very curious and like to sniff around, which can sometimes get them into trouble.
Beagles are one of the longest-lived dog breeds, with a life expectancy of 12-15 years. However, they are prone to certain health conditions that can shorten their lifespan. Some of the most common health problems seen in beagles include hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, hypothyroidism, and epilepsy.
Beagles also have a higher than average incidence of intervertebral disc disease. While all of these health problems can be managed with proper treatment, they can still take a toll on a beagle’s lifespan.
White and Tan Beagle Care Tips
Exercise and Training
Like all Beagles, tan and white beagles also require exercise and training. Because of their hunting nature, they’re very energetic and need someone to play with them.
Beagles are relatively easy to groom, and their short, smooth white coats don’t require a lot of upkeep. A weekly brushing will help to remove any dirt or debris that may be trapped in their fur, and it will also help to keep their coat looking healthy and shiny. You can use a soft bristle brush or a hound glove to brush your beagle’s coat.
Beagles don’t need to be bathed very often, and you should only do so when they start to look dirty or if they have been rolling around in something smelly! When you do bathe them, use a mild dog shampoo and make sure to rinse all of the soap out of their fur. Beagles also enjoy a good ear rub – just be careful not to get too close to their eardrums.
After you’ve finished grooming your beagle, give them a treat as a reward for being such a good dog!
One of the most important things to consider when owning a beagle is its diet. White and tan Beagles are notorious for being voracious eaters, and if their diet isn’t monitored they can easily become overweight. Since they love to eat, it’s important to make sure they’re getting the right food that will help them stay healthy and active.
A good diet for a beagle should include plenty of protein and fiber. Beagles need high-quality protein to maintain their energy levels, and fiber helps keep them feeling full without packing on extra pounds. Beagles also need a moderate amount of fat in their diet for healthy skin and coats.
When choosing a food for your beagle, look for one that is specifically tailored for their needs. There are many different types of beagle foods available on the market, so talk to your veterinarian about which one would be best for your dog.
Common Health Issues
Beagles are generally a healthy breed, but there are some health issues that are more common in Tan and White beagles than in other breeds. Some of these health issues include hip dysplasia, epilepsy, and diabetes. Beagles are also susceptible to ear infections, so it’s important to keep their ears clean and dry.
If you’re considering a tan and white beagle as your next furry friend, it’s important to be aware of some of the common health issues that can affect this breed. Some of the most common problems include hip dysplasia, von Willebrand’s disease, and epilepsy. While these conditions can be serious, with proper care and treatment, your beagle can still enjoy a long and happy life.
Frequently Asked Questions:
What is a tan and white beagle called?
A tan and white Beagle is usually called a “hare pied.” These dogs have a coat that is bi-color with tan and white without the black that is typically seen on the back and body of a Beagle. Instead, they just have the white base coat with patches of Tan.
Are lemon and white, rare colored beagles?
Yes, the lemon beagle is one of the rare colors. These beagles have white coats with lemon patches on them. They are just like other dogs if we talk about their specific behavior
What gender beagle is better?
Both male and female beagle puppies are good family pets. However, if you spend most of your time outside the house, try to adopt a male beagle because a female beagle always needs a partner to play with her.
The tan and white beagle is a popular choice for many families. While they require some exercise and training, they are generally an easy breed to care for. Beagles are also relatively healthy, although there are some health conditions that are more common in this breed. With proper diet and care, your beagle can enjoy a long happy life.
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The coolest cats of the zodiac are Aquarians, the 11th sign of the zodiac, the Water Bearer. Aquarian Cats are born between January 20 and February 18 and their nature can be summed up in one word: cool. Cool as in hip, trendy, groovy cat cool — and cool as in aloof or independent.
Their element is air and they’re ruled by the quirky planet Uranus. No matter what they look like physically, an Aquarius kitty has a certain je ne sais quoi air of uniqueness. It might be a mark on her tail or the way she slinks around corners or winks at you, but you just know this cat has purrsonality to spare. Oh, she’ll be the life of the party, wowing and wooing admirers, but always on her terms. If you don’t pass muster, she’ll give you a withering look and exit stage left.
All cats are curious, but Aquarian cats are curious at warp speed. Uranus rules all things techie, so don’t be surprised if your Aquarian has made your cell phone his latest toy to play soccer with — and he’ll happily play on your iPad. They like watching TV, computer games, and playing laser tag.
Aquarian cats need stimulation and play to stave off boredom or their curiosity can land them in hot water or worse. Until they have figured out how to grow opposable thumbs (trust me, they’d be the first), engage them with lots of interactive play and puzzle-type toys. Keep the toys stored and rotated in and out to keep things novel. Fun and unpredictable, these kitties pop up where you least expect it, and they can make a toy out of anything from your stray sock or a toilet paper roll.
Aquarius cats are philosophers, inventors, intellectual thinkers, and schemers. If they can’t figure out how to operate a can opener, no one can. Blogging is the ideal occupation for these feline brainiacs, or assistant to a human blogger/writer. They want to know everything: What is under the rug? How can I grow opposable thumbs? Why can’t I teleport myself to Animal Planet? Who is Ceiling Cat? They want to know. NOW. They like keeping an eye on things from an airy aerie, the higher the better, like the top shelf of a bookcase or shelves designed for them.
“Let the sunshine in” is the Aquarius cat’s motto, and they’ll happily share a sun puddle with almost anyone. Open-minded and accepting, they don’t mind sharing their home with another cat, a dog, a parrot, or even an iguana. In their live-and-let-live attitude, they aren’t fussy about their food or sharing toys, but if a mouse comes their way all bets are off. Open and snuggly one minute, their moods can shift like the wind. Then, it’s bye-bye buddy, and they go all Greta Garbo with a "I vant to be alone." mood. If you can accept him for all his quirks, you’ll be rewarded with one very cool cat.
If you’re an Aquarian, an Aquarius kitty is simpatico, as are the other air signs, Gemini and Libra. Other signs compatible with an Aquarius cat are the fire signs Aries, Leo and Sagittarius.
Learn more about your cat with Catster:
Read more kitty horoscopes:
About the author: Layla Morgan Wilde is a holistic cat behaviorist, an award-winning writer/photographer and founder of the premier online magazine Cat Wisdom 101. A passionate advocate for cats, she founded the Toronto-based Annex Cat Rescue in 1997. In addition to her blogging at Cat Wisdom 101, she blogs at Boomer Muse and contributes to Petfinder.com and Nordic Spotlight. Wilde is a professional member of the Cat Writers’ Association. She lives in Westchester County, NY with four cats.
Our Most-Commented Stories
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Dr Leonard Zon, Harvard University
Diana - This week has also seen a breakthrough in the field of melanoma, a form of skin cancer that's becoming increasingly common; in fact, the incidence of the disease has doubled in the last ten years. But now there's some good news, because, with the help of a tankful of fish, scientists at Harvard University have discovered a key gene that drives the disease and therefore could hold the key to new ways to treat it. To explain more and talking to Chris, here's the author of the work, Leonard Zon.
Leonard - Well, my laboratory has been focusing on melanoma which is a very deadly skin tumour and we had developed about 5 years ago a model of melanoma in the zebrafish. In this model, we took the human gene that's known to cause melanoma, a gene called BRAF and we over expressed it in the zebrafish, in combination with another gene, P53 which is the most common mutated form of a tumour suppressor gene in humans. That combination led to fish that develop melanoma. We were able to study those tumours and they really resemble very similar signatures of genes, to what you would see in a human tumour.
With that, we wanted to understand whether we could use this model to find new genes that cause cancer or find new therapies that might be used for the treatment of melanoma. We knew there was a region on human chromosome-1 that was amplified in about 30% of all human melanoma. We studied that region and found that there were 54 genes in that interval. We then looked at gene expression among 100 human melanomas and we found that 17 of those genes were expressed very highly. And so, we needed to figure out which was the driver gene, which was the most important to the cancer. And so, what we decided to do was to take each of these 17 genes and to inject them individually into our zebrafish embryos at the one cell stage, and then to grow up those fish and count how many fish developed a melanoma. What we found was that one of those genes, a gene called SETDB1, had the ability to greatly accelerate the melanoma, and this was likely to be the driver gene in this particular critical interval.
Chris - And is this representative of what you think goes on in humans? In other words, if you were to take human melanomas, real clinical tissue, do you see the same gene, this SETDB1 gene that you've now discovered to be involved also mutated in the human problem?
Leonard - Well that's right. So, 30 percent of human melanomas will have amplifications of SETDB1 and we went on to show in this paper that actually, 70 percent of melanomas will over express SETDB1. So itís something that's central to being a melanoma tumour is to over express this particular gene. So I think that over time, weíll be able to see that this gene also participates in other cancers too, and this region is also amplified in other tumours of humans such as lung tumours, and also breast tumours.
Chris - Weíll come on to what SETDB1 might be doing in a second, but first of all, if 70 percent have it, what about the 30 percent of human melanomas that don't? What's going on with them then?
Leonard - The way I think about this as an oncologist is, if I see a patient, Iíll often describe their tumours as letís say, poorly differentiated or well-differentiated. What that means is that I can actually classify them by how the tumour looks under a microscope. We think that melanoma isnít a single disease, but there's actually different causes of melanoma. And so, there's different driver genes, depending on where the melanoma arises on your body and what types of exposures to carcinogens or light, sunlight is often thought as an instigator for the melanomas. So, with all these different options, the tumours could be heterogeneous and so, what we would say is that the 70 percent that over express SETDB1, that must be one category, and then the other 30 percent have a different classification and probably represent a different stage or a different location of those melanomas.
Chris - So what do you think SETDB1 is doing?
Leonard - Well, there's a new field that's blossomed over the past 5 years called epigenetics. Epigenetics deals with things that arenít inherited in a typical genetic manner. Weíre used to mutations, letís say, being inherited genetically, but in this particular case, DNA is actually wound around a spool and that spool is a set of proteins called histones. When DNA is wound too tightly, the genes are shut off. When DNA is wound loosely, the genes are on. This gene SETDB1 seems to wind the DNA a little bit too tightly and that shuts off particular types of genes that have an identity in the melanoma. So for instance, one class of genes that we found are a gene set called the hox genes which regulates the body plan normally of how embryos developed. But we think that somehow, this gene alteration in terms of expression leads to a change in the cell fate and that makes the tumours more invasive.
Chris - And does this in turn also give you new strategies for how to combat melanoma? The survival prospects for someone whoís diagnosed with an advanced melanoma are really dismal at the moment, are we going to be able to do something about it with this discovery?
Leonard - So SETDB1 is an enzyme that actually methylates the histones and that regulates whether the DNA is tightly wound or not. And so, because itís an enzyme, itís possible to make inhibitors to this enzyme and so, weíre in the process now of talking to drug companies to think about inhibiting this particular enzyme and we think this is a wonderful treatment for the patients, 70 percent of the patients who over expressed this gene who have melanoma.
Diana - Harvard Scientist Leonard Zon talking to Chris Smith there. He published that work he was discussing with me, this week in the journal Nature.
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Uruk on the map of Iraq
Uruk ( Sumerian Unug ; Biblical Erech ; Greco-Roman Orchoe, Orchoi ), today's Warka , is located about 20 km east of the Euphrates near the ancient city of Ur . In ancient times , the Mesopotamian city lay directly on the river. Uruk was formerly nicknamed the sheepfold . The city is one of the most important sites in Mesopotamia and is named for the Uruk period (approx. 3500–2800 BC).
Uruk is where the first writing was found. It was already at the end of the 4th millennium BC. BC one of the leading political centers of the Sumerian early period. Uruk experienced a second great flowering phase in the Hellenistic period in the last centuries BC. The main gods are the goddess of love and war Inanna / Ishtar and the sky god An , whose temples shaped the cityscape.
The English geologist William Kennett Loftus carried out the first investigations in Uruk-Warka in the years 1849-1850 and 1854. In 1912/13 the excavations of the German Orient Society began under Julius Jordan and Conrad Preusser. The work was resumed after the First World War in 1928 and continued until 1939. In 1954 and in the following years several systematic excavations were carried out under the direction of Heinrich Lenzen . These excavations brought various ancient Sumerian documents and a large number of legal and educational tables from the Seleucid period to light. They were published by Adam Falkenstein and other German epigraphers , some of them in the Uruk-Warka Collection in Heidelberg .
The last German excavation campaign before the Iraq war was carried out in the summer of 2002 under the direction of Margarete van Ess from the DAI . The evaluation of satellite images in 2005 refuted reports of robbery excavations in Uruk.
The city and its history
The ruin of Uruk (Warka) is the largest city ruin in southern Babylonia with an area of 550 hectares. The ancient city of Uruk was inhabited for a period of about 5000 years, from the early Obed period (5th millennium BC) to the 3rd century AD. The center of the city is from the two cult centers of the both of the city's main gods. The Kullaba district with the Anu Temple and its temple tower ( ziggurat ) is the main place of worship of the sky god An, while the Eanna district is the main shrine of the goddess Inanna / Ishtar .
Already from approx. 3500 BC. Uruk was a large urban center. Around 3400 BC The settlement hill was already 19 m high. It can arguably be called one or even the center of the emergence of Sumerian culture. This period is called the "Late Uruk Period " in archeology and extends to around 3000 BC. The center of the city was the sanctuary of Inanna, called Eanna . This reached monumental proportions as early as the fourth millennium BC. The most important part was the so-called 'limestone temple' (in the illustration of the floor plan on the top right, "Limestone Temple", abbreviated LT), which was an approx. 70 × 30 m building made of limestone blocks . However, it is not certain whether these limestones only formed the foundations of an adobe building or whether the entire height of the building was built in limestone. The facade of the temple was designed with a niche structure. Inside is a T-shaped courtyard or hall. In addition to this main temple, there were other facilities, including the so-called stone pen temple, a building whose walls are decorated with geometric mosaics. Wooden beams twelve meters long, remains of large sculptures and reliefs, animal figures, intricately designed stone vessels and cylinder seals were also found. The temple complex was rebuilt and expanded several times and received a ziggurat in the time of the third dynasty of Ur , which was built by Urnammu .
The ziggurat of the god An was also built here (called the 'White Temple'); it is the other major temple complex in Uruk.
Around 3000 BC The entire settlement mound was leveled and new buildings were erected. At the height of its development, the city reached an area of 5.5 km², the size of similarly dimensioned city facilities that were archaeologically developed in regions of the Indus culture , for example Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro . These centers were probably the largest cities in the Old World at that time . Uruk only became known around 600 BC. Exceeded in size by Babylon .
Before the conquests of the Sargon of Akkad , Uruk was the hegemonic power in Sumer.
In rain-poor Mesopotamia, water for agriculture was channeled to the fields through canals and dams. There was always the danger that the facilities would be destroyed by enemies.
Historians believe that around 3000 BC in Uruk A catastrophe occurred due to a dam breach. The scriptures suddenly end at this time. The dam was probably destroyed on purpose or as a result of fighting between Sumerians and Semites . It has been suggested that this event was reflected in the Mesopotamian flood reports.
Sumerian Period: Early Dynastic Period
Even in the early Dynastic period , Uruk was one of the most important cities in a system of competing city-states. In the Early Dynastic Period I (FD I) the city was surrounded by a large city wall that was about nine kilometers long. The city wall has so far only been examined selectively. The Gilgamesh epic reports that the wall was built by Gilgamesh, the legendary king of Uruk, himself.
Neo-Babylonian, Seleucid and Parthian times
Uruk's extensive and preserved temple archives from the Neo-Babylonian period document its social importance as a distribution center. In times of hunger, families could dedicate their children to the temple as lay brothers / sisters.
Uruk was also an important city in the Hellenistic period. The most important temples in the city have been maintained and renovated. There were also new temples , such as the Anu and Antum temples, part of the Bit Resch cult site and a temple building called Irigal . The former are extremely large and monumental systems. The ziggurat in the Eanna temple district was also renovated during this time.
From Parthian period produced some temple new buildings, such as the so-called. Gareus - Temple , whereas the investments Sumerian deities fell slowly or were not rebuilt after fires. Parts of Parthian residential areas have been excavated, some of which have unearthed houses with rich furnishings ( stucco decorations). Numerous burials were found under the residential buildings, often dug in their courtyards, some in glazed clay coffins. The city still existed in Sassanid times.
Nearby is also the Nufedschi facility , the importance of which is still puzzling research.
Kings of Uruk
According to the Sumerian king lists, Uruk was founded by Enmerkar , who brought the official title of king from the city of Eanna . His father Mesch-ki-ag-gascher "disappeared at sea". Other historical kings of Uruk are Lugalzagesi (who conquered Uruk) and Utuḫengal . The semi-mythical Gilgamesh was according to the Sumerian king lists from about 2652 BC. BC to 2602 BC Here king. He completed Uruk's independence and walled the city. Gilgamesh was also said to have commissioned the Eanna Temple. Uruk later played an important role in the battles of Babylon against the kingdom of Elam around 1200 BC. BC, which suffered serious losses.
- 2013 Uruk. 5000 years of the megacity , Pergamon Museum , Berlin, then 2013/2014 in Herne, LWL Museum for Archeology , catalog.
- RM Boehmer, Uruk-Warka: In: Eric M. Meyers (Ed.): The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archeology in the Near East. Volume 5, Oxford University Press (et al.), Oxford 1997, ISBN 0-19-506512-3 , pp. 294-298
- Burchard Brentjes : Peoples on the Euphrates and Tigris. Koehler and Amelang, Leipzig / Vienna 1981. ISBN 3-7031-0526-7 .
- Nicola Crüsemann et al .: Uruk. 5000 years of the megacity . Reiss-Engelhorn-Museum, Mannheim with Imhof-Verlag, Petersberg 2013, ISBN 978-3-86568-844-6 .
- Margarete van Ess : 1912/13: Uruk (Warka). The city of Gilgamesh and Ishtar. In: G. Wilhelm (Ed.): Between the Tigris and the Nile. 100 years of excavations by the German Orient Society in the Middle East and Egypt. Zabern, Mainz 1998, pp. 32-41.
- Margarete van Ess: The excavations in Uruk-Warka. In: German Archaeological Institute, Orient Department - Baghdad Branch, 50 Years of Research in Iraq 1955-2005 , Berlin 2005, pp. 31–39.
- Margarete van Ess and Elisabeth Weber-Nöldeke (eds.): Letters from Uruk-Warka: 1931–1939 / Arnold Nöldeke , Reichert, Wiesbaden 2008, ISBN 978-3-89500-485-8
- Julius Jordan: Uruk-Warka. After the excavations of the German Orient Society. WVDO 51. Biblio, Bissendorf Kr. Osnabrück 2006. ISBN 3-7648-2645-2
- Gunvor Lindström: Uruk. Seal impressions on Hellenistic clay bulls and clay tablets. von Zabern, Mainz 2003. ISBN 3-8053-1902-9
- Adolf Leo Oppenheim : Ancient Mesopotamia - portrait of a dead civilization. Rev. ed by Erica Reiner . University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1977. ISBN 0-226-63186-9
- Michael Roaf : World Atlas of Ancient Cultures. Mesopotamia. Munich 1990, pp. 59-61.
- G. Rouvé: Overview of Damage Cases on Dams. In: Communications from the Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Management. Aachen 9th 1977.18.
- Entry on the UNESCO World Heritage Center website ( English and French ).
- Uruk - 5000 years of megacity. Exhibition in the Pergamon Museum Berlin from April 25 to September 8, 2013.
- For the type of landscape, see the settlement area of the Marsh Arabs around the Shatt al-Arab .
- Iraq World Heritage List (Eng.)
- Margarete van Ess, H. Becker, J. Fassbinder, R. Kiefl, I. Lingenfelder, G. Schreier, A. Zevenbergen: Detection of Looting Activities at Archaeological Sites in Iraq using Ikonos Imagery , In: J. Strobl, Th. Blaschke, G. Griesebner: Applied Geo-Informatik 2006. Contributions to the 18th AGIT Symposium Salzburg 2006 (2006) pp. 669–678, here quoted from the short report Kulturerhalt des Irak by the DAI, http://www.dainst.org/ de / project / kulturerhalt-des-irak? ft = all ( Memento from June 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- Adolf Leo Oppenheim: “ In Uruk, in South Mesopotamia, the Sumerian civilization reached its creative climax. This can be seen from the references to this city in religious and especially in literary texts, also with a mythological background; the historical tradition as it was handed down in the Sumerian king lists confirms this. From Uruk the political focus evidently shifted to Ur. "( Lit .: Oppenheim)
- Uruk (Warka): Structure of an ancient oriental city. Urban research in the metropolis of the legendary King Gilgamesh (5th millennium BC – 4th century AD) , http://www.dainst.org/de/project/uruk?ft=all ( Memento from August 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
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The Prime Minister's speech yesterday struck many observers as an attempt to take the middle ground in British politics vacated by Labour.
Appealing to the millions of people who feel left behind in modern Britain she called for a change, for a new kind of Britain that works for all, not just a privileged few.
Beyond a canny political strategy what we saw was May taking an approach that has been used by successive politicians - Tony Blair and David Cameron most obviously - of borrowing the language and aspirations of the mutual sector to chart a middle ground between capitalism and social democracy, between the market and the state.
The mutual sector - which includes employee owned businesses, building societies and co-ops, among others - is not political per se, but it has aspirations to build a better world by giving more people a say in the economy and a share in its benefits.
At its most direct, May's reiteration of her aim to put workers and consumers on corporate boards draws straight from the mutual model in which the members - whether customers, workers or others - are elected to the board. It is an approach that has worked successfully for tens of thousands of businesses across the world for over a century.
In her calls for business to act as a force for good by paying their fair share of taxes and contributing to their community, May is looking to responsible mission-led businesses like the Co-op, Nationwide or John Lewis, which align the interests of staff and communities with making a profit.
By citing Alistair Brownlee's sacrifice in the Mexican triathlon, in which he stopped in order to help his brother over the line, May appealed to the idea that as a society we should succeed and fail together rather than be driven solely by individualism and self-interest. Success and solidarity not incompatible she said.
And, indeed, May's big vision - of a country that gives people control over things that matter to them - is deeply mutualist in its thinking. In a mutual people create and control the means to meet their own needs and aspirations - from local care services or village shops right through to the places we work and the businesses we use. Unlike the mistrust many people feel for their mobile provider or bank, in a co-op those people own and control it together, meaning they are responsible for it and have a say in what it does.
There are of course different ways to give people control and build an economy that works for everyone and mutuals are just one route, albeit a tried, tested and simple one that works with the grain of markets and communities.
We have heard this before from politicians of all stripes of course. The question is now whether Theresa May's government will take this historic opportunity to harness the benefits of mutuality to create a more inclusive Britain.
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SGI Helps Keep Nuclear Weapons Stockpile Safe
SGI announced that has installed a storage environment made up of 17 InfiniteStorage 4600 systems at the Department of Energy's National Nuclear Energy Administration's Sandia National Laboratory in Albuquerque, New Mexico. This storage solution can hold more than 1.8 Petabytes of data, and can transfer that data up to a sustained rate of 72GB/Sec. This particular storage solution has a very high-minded purpose: It houses the data from the large-scale simulations of nuclear weapon stockpile lifecycles, performed by Sandia scientists.
Nuclear weapons have only been around for a little bit more than half of a century. As such, there is still a lot scientists don't know about how the nuclear weapons and other radioactive materials from nuclear weapons manufacturing degrade over time. Making matters even more complex, to date there still is no permanent storage facility for nuclear waste materials--all current nuclear storage facilities are considered temporary. (Considering that Plutonium has a half-life of 24,100 years, it's difficult to image any storage facility as truly permanent.) Therefore, it is essential that scientists continually monitor nuclear stockpiles, both active and otherwise.
"Few endeavors in science are more crucial than evaluating the nuclear arsenal for safety, security, and reliability, and that's the mission of Sandia National Laboratory" -- Kurt Kuckein, RAID product line manager, Silicon Graphics.
The SGI InfiniteStorage 4600 installation at Sandia monitors only the active U.S. nuclear stockpile. But without the ability to run simulations, scientists would be left with little choice but to dispose of aging weapons via underground detonations. Data collected during these simulations could also, perhaps, be used to better monitor the aging stockpile of inactive weapons as well as other radioactive waste materials.
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acceptor donor complex的用法和样例：
- Y2O3 acts not only as a donor, but also as an acceptor.
- Mother and baby interact in a very complex way.
- The implanted silicon occupying Ga Sublattice sites behaves as the shallow donor Si_(Ga) and that being held on As sublattice sites by boron behaves as the shallow acceptor complex B_(Ga) Si_(as) or Si_(As).
- Some of them developed a great inferiority complex.
- My grandmother has a complex against foreigners.
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January 30, 2014
System 91S Undeveloped In Mozambique Channel Seen By NASA
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission or TRMM satellite that observed the tropical low pressure area designated as System 91S earlier this week captured another look at a much weaker storm on January 30. Wind shear has now increased in the region, and the development chances for the tropical low pressure area have dropped.At 800 UTC/3 a.m. EST, the center of System 91S was located near 18.2 south latitude and 39.1 east longitude, about 370 nautical miles northeast of Maputo, Mozambique (which is in the southernmost part of the country).
TRMM passed over System 91S on January 30 at 0820 UTC/3:20 a.m. EST and captured rainfall data on the low. The heaviest rainfall rates were occurring over the waters of the Mozambique Channel, where rain was falling in one area at about 1 inch/25 mm per hour. Other rainfall from the system was light. The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory overlaid TRMM rainfall imagery on top of visible imagery from Europe's METEO-7 satellite to provide a full picture of the low. The center appeared to be in the western Channel, while the heaviest rainfall was occurring in the eastern Channel.
Animated multispectral satellite imagery shows that the low-level center is elongating as a result of wind shear. A ridge of high pressure located southwest of System 91S is creating moderate wind shear (20 to 25 knots/37.0 to 46.3 kph/23.0 to 28.7 mph) hampering development.
Forecasters at the Joint Typhoon Warning Center have dropped the chances for System 91S to a low chance for potential for tropical development in the next day or two.
On The Net:
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Alpha mission patch
ESA astronaut Thomas Pesquet's Alpha mission patch.
Designed by ESA's graphic artists, the Alpha patch features a rocket launch – the most dramatic moment in any space mission. Around the patch are 17 colored slots representing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
At the top, the International Space Station is stylized in the colors of the French flag. Ten stars sparkle in the background, evoking the Centaurus constellation, and the number of French citizens who have flown to space.
The name of Thomas's second mission to the International Space Station was selected from over 27,000 entries to an ESA competition. The first to submit this name was Christelle de Larrard from Mios, Gironde, France.
"There were many reasons to choose Alpha as a mission name," says Thomas. "It connects to my first mission, Proxima, as the stars belong to the same system close to Earth, and therefore convey the same idea of proximity (such as space research for people on Earth) and an idea of continuation in my work. Alpha, a Greek letter, is also widely used in mathematics, science and technology. And, as the first letter of the alphabet, it is often synonymous with the excellence we try to achieve in space exploration."
Alpha was also the original denomination of the International Space Station, and is still used today as its radio call sign. The word is pronounced the same in almost every language, resulting in a simple yet meaningful mission name for the first astronaut to fly on a new generation of US crewed spacecraft.
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