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Last week Mexico’s Lower House approved what may be a final legislative initiative by outgoing president Felipe Calderon. The first labor reform law in 42 years is intended to boost employment in the country by restricting labor lawsuits, regulating outsourcing, and making it easier for employers to hire and fire workers.
But parts of the bill regarding union transparency and democratic practices were eliminated during debate. Trade unions, including the Mexican Electricians Union and the Mine and Metal Workers Union, as well as the union at state-run oil company PEMEX, have been traditional allies of the Institutional Revolutionary Party, which stripped the union transparency and democracy elements from the draft law.
The “charro” or “corporativist” unions have been blamed for holding back Mexico’s economic and political development.
President-elect Enrique Pena Nieto has said he plans to open up Pemex to private investment to boost the country’s economic growth.
Maria Dolores Hernandez J. is a researcher for the members area of the FCPA Blog.
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‘Fashion has a flair for the topical, no matter where it stirs in the thickets of long ago; it is a tiger’s leap into the past,’ wrote Walter Benjamin in his vignette-studded essay ‘Theses on the Philosophy of History’ (1940).1 Read the line quickly, add an extra letter, and suddenly the tropics are conjured. Benjamin’s ‘thickets’ become jungles, lush with almond-shaped leaves, green and waxy; through them a tiger skulks and stalks and leaps. The darkness (or lightness) of history emerges, humid and heated, between the carefully outlined leaves. Benjamin’s sentence has become a Henri Rousseau painting, as it were. Then the mind takes another leap, tiger-like, shaking the German critic’s sentence into yet another anagram, and those thickets of leaves become smaller, more domestic, but just as decorous. Now they curl from a pot, near a butterfly chair, a man’s pale, naked thigh. The fashions and fabrics filling the frame might be 1970s-era American approximations of Rousseau’s Africa – a different kind of herbarium, a later moment in history. How did this happen? You are now in a Sylvia Sleigh painting.
Benjamin continues: ‘This jump, however, takes place in an arena where the ruling class gives the commands.’ Fashion, flair, class, Rousseau’s collusion of representation and fantasy and fauna: all are present in and relevant to the figurative paintings of Sleigh, their weird and wonderful decorousness and their contemporary reading. See her 1981 work, Mitchell Fredericks by the Fountain, in which Fredericks – lean, nude, opaquely handsome – sits, knees apart, on a white lambskin rug thrown over some white marble, surrounded by potted plants, dark-green ivy and a fountain from which water pours, ever tastefully, out of the mouth of a lion. Or her titular 1962 portrait of the writer Francine du Plessix Gray, with Gray’s delicate, patrician profile and white button-down blouse carved elegantly against the downtown New York skyline.
Or consider Sleigh’s ambitious, oddly magisterial The Turkish Bath (1973), in which four New York critics and the artist’s young muse, all male and lithe, lounge naked against some hippie-bourgeois-looking textiles (Bauhaus, batik). The critics – John Perreault, Scott Burton, Carter Radcliff, and Sleigh’s husband Lawrence Alloway – are stilted and pensive, maybe nervous (not so much her husband). Along with them, Sleigh’s beatific, seemingly stoned muse, Paul Rosano, is pictured twice, once from behind, playing a lute, his tan lines glittering; once standing, his dark, tendrilled mane a feminine shroud parted perfectly, per 1970s personal styling, in the middle. Sleigh based the work on Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres’s 1862 painting, commissioned by Napoleon, of the same name – and names, one finds, are important in Sleigh’s oeuvre, in which they play social register, biographer and autobiographer at once. An erotic voluptuary of pale odalisques, Ingres’s circular canvas also offers a figure with her back to us playing a lute, though the musician here is spectrally female, her back as white and cold as marble.
As is often the case with Sleigh, there’s a witty note to her flexible, topical, warm homage: Ingres’s late work was inspired by the famous 16th-century letters of Lady Montague, in which she described her visits to a women’s bathhouse in Istanbul as the wife of a British diplomat. Sleigh’s painting replaces the interchangeable and sculptural Turkish concubines in Ingres’s Orientalist fantasy with skinny, 1970s New York men of letters, whose studiously rendered body hair and disparate shades of pale skin are embarrassingly real. Of The Turkish Bath Sleigh would later write: ‘I was inspired by [feminist art historian] Linda Nochlin to paint an “answer” to Ingres’s famous toads – I wanted to show how I felt women should have been painted with dignity and individuality – not as sex objects.’2 She also noted, plainly, lucidly, that she wanted, as a woman, the ability to paint ‘history pictures’.
‘History is representational, while time is abstract,’ Robert Smithson wrote in 1967.3 Sleigh herself once explained: ‘All our friends were abstract painters, and to be a “realist” seemed rather beside the point. I feel that what I want to express and communicate in my work can only be said in a figurative manner so I never defected from my course.’ Born in Llandudno, Wales, in 1916, she studied at the Brighton School of Art in Sussex, showed at the Trafford Gallery and the Kensington Art Gallery in London, and then made her mark in the 1960s and ’70s in New York, where she died in 2010. Her husband, who was also British, became senior curator at the Guggenheim Museum, New York: they met in an art history class in London when Sleigh was 27 and Alloway was 17, and in 1954 they married, settling in New York eight years later. There, her realist portraits of the city’s art world intelligentsia and beautiful, nude young men made her both a visual historian of her cultured, refined milieu and a seemingly retrograde iconoclast within it. For, at that time, abstraction gripped the world of contemporary painting – the singular, often underappreciated artists like Alex Katz, Alice Neel and Philip Pearlstein notwithstanding.
Yet Sleigh’s subtle anachronism did not only reside in her representational works, but in what they represented. A woman, she painted naked men more often than not. A feminist – she co-founded the women’s cooperative space SOHO20 Gallery in 1973 with 19 other female artists, and worked with the women-led A.I.R. Gallery extensively – she lovingly and repeatedly painted her husband and the seemingly traditional life that they led. ‘[H]e usually read to me, and I thought this is my idea of Elysian fields, to paint one’s beloved in a lovely setting out of doors in perfect weather – and either talk or be read to,’ she wrote without bourgeois embarrassment.
More often, though, Sleigh painted her husband and other subjects indoors, where their specific things document a specific place, class and age. See the bookcases heavy with the tomes of culture, the delicate vases of flowers, gorgeous and decorative fabrics, clean lines of Modernist furniture, desks for intellectual use, the flared legs of pants and spirals of frizzy hair, a certain orange-red Jorge Ferrari Hardoy butterfly chair, the ever-present potted plants. ‘Each thing is vulnerable,’ Joseph Brodsky writes, ‘Things are, in truth, the leeches / of thought. Hence their shapes – each one is a brain’s cutout – / their attachment to place, their Penelope features; / that is their taste for the future.’4
But questions of the temporal, of fidelity, are everywhere in Sleigh’s practice, which was concerned with the quotidian as well as the art-historical – note those ‘history pictures’ – and these questions flood her work’s reception even further now. In our present moment we like her paintings because, among other things, we think they ‘capture’ a time that we are nostalgic for – and in many ways they do. Nevertheless, these paintings and their maker were already anachronistic during their time. The nostalgia that arises (comfortably as well as uncomfortably) in current considerations of her work already existed in that work at its inception. Think of her contemporaries, painters or not: artists like Jo Baer, Lynda Benglis, Judy Chicago, Lynn Hershman Leeson, Eva Hesse, Lee Lozano, Carolee Schneemann, Joan Semmel and Joan Snyder. It’s not just that Sleigh’s work engages with and depicts a domesticity that even Chicago might recoil from, for Sleigh’s oeuvre demonstrates a serious commitment to her art practice; but her paintings themselves – their stylistic choices – look and feel weirdly docile, domesticated, earnest, sometimes naïve (the latter a charge also pointedly applied to Rousseau in his time).
Despite Sleigh’s invested, and often now underappreciated, feminist activism, and her infamous male nudes, her work has none of the tension, strange pressure or alien opacity that we associate with the radical, the political, the ‘new’. And in spite of her famous and stirring group portraits of her fellow feminist art cooperative members (SOHO 20 Group Portrait, 1974, and A.I.R. Group Portrait, 1977–8), the lovingly intimate and painstakingly topical paintings are familiar, serious, affectionate, inoffensive, no threat at all. Even Sleigh’s weirder works – see the hair-like violet shadows of the leaves of the willow tree falling over the two female sunbathers in The Willow: Silvia Castro (1974), turning them into reclining she-wolfs – feel accidental in their strangeness. It doesn’t seem to be the artist’s point.
Such lucid approachability has led to a certain school of thought that notes, ironically, this feminist artist’s lack of commitment. The wonderful and astute critic Joanna Fiduccia recently described Sleigh’s reputation as that of ‘one of America’s least-offensive feminist artists’.5 Yet the offence the contemporary audience finds is not in her lack of feminism (Sleigh’s personal investment during her lifetime seems somewhat beyond our reproach) but in that her artistic ambition does not align with ours – or with what we expect from our artists. Her embrace of classical figurative painting and portraiture, her decorative style, which lacks the pathos and innervating brushwork and palette of her contemporary, Neel, all seem out of step with even her time, while simultaneously seeming so adept at documenting it.
‘The contemporary is the untimely,’ Roland Barthes observes, paraphrasing Friedrich Nietzsche, in the notes to his Collège de France lectures, which Giorgio Agamben cites in his essay, ‘What Is the Contemporary?’6 Agamben summarizes his stance thus: ‘Those who are truly contemporary, who truly belong to their time, are those who neither truly coincide with it nor adjust themselves to its demands. They are thus in this sense irrelevant. But precisely through this disconnection and this anachronism, they are more capable than others of perceiving and grasping their own time.’ Conversely, ‘[t]hose who coincide too well with the epoch, those who are perfectly tied to it in every respect, are not contemporaries, precisely because they do not manage to see it.’7 If it is possible, Sleigh fits both definitions. For her work, whatever you think of it, exists both alongside and apart from the continuum of contemporaneity that Agamben describes.
How so? We look to Sleigh’s work to see and thus experience a specific time, even as we feel discomfited by our own nostalgia, its fondness for surface signifiers and period décor. In this sense, Sleigh might be said to have coincided too well with her ‘epoch’ – her work could not transcend it. Yet, as she herself admits, she was out of step with her own time in her earnest adherence to realist painting and the cultured domestic. So when we approach her oeuvre for hits of nostalgia, we are, in fact, encountering the painter’s own. And it is here, in this doubling, where the deft, ineluctable strangeness of her body of work might be located, its peculiar handling and dismantling of time’s autonomy and progression. And if the strange brings the strange, consider Sleigh’s retrospective at Kunst Halle Sankt Gallen, in the mountains of eastern Switzerland, in late 2012.
I visited one wintry Sunday in December – snow fell from the eaves as I walked the town’s deserted streets. Inside the small museum, I encountered Sleigh’s Zurich gallerist Jean-Claude Freymond-Guth. ‘The curator made cake!’ he said, smiling, and gave me a piece before I entered the cosy galleries. There, the unique exhibition design by textile designer Martin Leuthold shifted my attention from the odd domesticity attending the exhibition’s finissage. Temporary walls painted in bright, singular colours or cloaked in decorative geometric or floral fabrics held Sleigh’s paintings in the main hall. The choice aped the painter’s own works, in which graphic admixtures of textiles often underline the mostly pale, placid bodies that rest against them. The installation also pointed to St. Gallen’s textile tradition, and conjured the West African studio portraits of Seydou Keïta and Malick Sidibé. But Benjamin’s ‘thickets’ of history were also evoked, in the form of the brightly patterned walls, decorous as leaves. By highlighting the small moments of pattern-like abstraction in Sleigh’s figurative works, pulling them out and letting them rise up like waves behind her smaller, body-filled paintings, the curators underlined the strange embarrassment that attends her steady, singular instinct for figuration so late in the 20th century. ‘There’s also abstraction here!’ they seemed to shout. So there was. Also joy.
1 Walter Benjamin, ‘Theses on the Philosophy of History’, in Illuminations: Essays and Reflections, edited by Hannah Arendt and translated by Harry Zohn, Schocken Books, New York, 1968, p. 261
2 All quotes by Sylvia Sleigh are from the Sylvia Sleigh papers at the Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles. Gift of Sylvia Sleigh and The Estate of Sylvia Sleigh Alloway
3 Robert Smithson, ‘Some Void Thoughts on Museums (1967)’, in Robert Smithson: The Collected Writings, edited by Jack Flam, University of California Press, 1996, p. 41
4 Joseph Brodsky, ‘New Life’, in So Forth: Poems, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York, 1996, p. 12
5 Joanna Fiduccia, ‘Sylvia Sleigh’, in Kaleidoscope, issue 16, p. 28. (Full disclosure: I edited this essay)
6 Giorgio Agamben, ‘What Is the Contemporary?’ in What Is an Apparatus?: And Other Essays, translated by David Kishik and Stefan Pedatella, Stanford University Press, 2009, p. 40
The touring retrospective ‘Sylvia Sleigh’ is organized by Kunstnernes Hus Oslo, Norway; Kunst Halle Sankt Gallen, Switzerland; Tate Liverpool, UK; CAPC Musée d’Art Contemporain de Bordeaux, France; and Centro Andaluz de Arte Contemporáneo, Seville, Spain. The exhibition is on view at Tate Liverpool until 8 May 2013.
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News of the weird: Animal-eating larva, in-transit snowbanks and some “BS” art top this week’s weird news
Wired.com’s most recent “Absurd Creature” feature shows a toad devouring a larva of a much-smaller beetle, but the “absurdity” is that the larva is in charge and that the toad will soon be beetle food. The larva’s Darwinian advantage is that, inside the toad, it bites the hapless “predator” with its hooked jaws and then secretes enzymes to begin decomposing the toad’s tissue (making it edible) — and provoking it to vomit the still-alive larva.
Great achievements in laziness
An 80-year-old man and a 37-year-old woman were ticketed in separate incidents in Canada the week of Jan. 18 when police spotted them driving cars completely caked in snow except for a small portion of the windshield. The man, from Brussels, Ontario, was driving a car resembling a “pile of snow on the road.” The Halifax, Nova Scotia, woman’s car was, a police statement said, “a snowbank with four wheels.”
Fed up with the “pretense” of the art world, performer (and radio personality) Lisa Levy of Brooklyn, New York, sat on a toilet, naked and motionless, at the Christopher Stout Gallery in January to protest artists’ “BS” by presenting herself in the “humblest” way she could imagine. Visitors were invited to sit on a facing toilet (clothed or not) and interact with her in any way except for touching. Levy told the Bushwick Daily website that too much “ego,” “like a drug,” “distorts your reality.”
1. In January, the U.S. Department of Justice’s inspector general recommended closing down a program of the department’s Drug Enforcement Administration that paid employees of other federal agencies (Amtrak and the beloved Transportation Security Administration) for tips on suspicious passengers. (The program apparently ignored that federal employees have such a duty even without a bounty.) DEA was apparently interested in passengers traveling with large amounts of cash — which DEA could potentially seize if it suspected the money came from illegal activity (and also, of course, then keep the money under federal forfeiture law). According to the inspector general, the tipping TSA agent was to be rewarded with a cut of any forfeited money.
2. Chiropractor William DeAngelo of Stratford, Connecticut, was charged with assault in January after an employee complained that she was ordered to lie down on a table and let DeAngelo apply electrical shocks to her back — as punishment for being the office gossiper, spreading rumors about colleagues. DeAngelo said he was reacting to complaints from patients and staff, but seemed to suggest in a statement to police that he was only “re-educating” the woman on how to use the electrical stimulator in the office’s practice (though she felt the need to report to a hospital afterward).
The continuing crisis
Britain’s North Yorkshire Police successfully applied to a judge in January for a “sexual risk order” against a man whose name was not disclosed publicly and whose alleged behavior was not revealed. Whoever he is and whatever he did, he is forbidden to enter into any sexual situation with anyone without providing at least 24 hours’ notice to the police — nor is he allowed to look at or possess any sexually oriented materials. According to the York Press, the order is temporary until May 19, at which time the magistrates may extend it.
1. Christopher Lemek Jr. was arrested in Palmer, Massachusetts, in January and charged in a New Year’s Eve hit-and-run accident that took a pedestrian’s life. Lemek emerged as a suspect a few days after the collision when police, visiting his home, noticed freshly disturbed earth in his backyard. Eventually Lemek confessed to literally burying the evidence; using a construction vehicle to crush his truck and an excavator to dig up his backyard and drop the truck into it.
No need for a pre-nup
The 20-year New York marriage of Gabriel Villa, now 90, and Cristina Carta Villa, now 59, apparently had its happy moments, but as Cristina found out when things went bad recently, Gabriel had attempted to protect himself shortly after the wedding — by obtaining a Dominican Republic divorce and keeping it secret. Cristina found out only when she realized in a property accounting that her name was not on the deed to their Manhattan apartment. (She is challenging that divorce as improper even under Dominican law.)
Several Connecticut state troopers involved in a DUI checkpoint in September were apparently caught on video deliberating whether to make up charges against a (perhaps obnoxious) checkpoint monitor. Veteran protester Michael Picard, 27, posted the videos on his YouTube page in January, showing troopers (illegally) confiscating Picard’s camera and suggesting among themselves various charges they could write up (at least some not warranted by evidence) to, as one trooper was heard imploring, “cover our asses.” (The troopers returned the camera after deliberating, but seemed unaware that it had been running during the entire incident.) State police internal affairs officers are investigating.
1. A middle-aged woman reported to a firehouse in Padua, Italy, in January to ask for help opening a lock for which she had misplaced the key. It turned out that the lock was to the iron chastity belt she was wearing on her own free will, she said (because she had recently begun a romantic relationship that she wanted not to become sexual too quickly).
2. Firefighers in Osnabruck, Germany, told Berlin’s The Local that in two separate incidents in December, men had come to their stations asking for help removing iron rings they had placed on their penises to help retain erections. (The Local, as a public service, quoted a prominent European sexual-aid manufacturer’s recommendation to instead use silicone rings, which usually do not require professional removal.)
Few matters in life are weirder than the Scottish love of haggis (sheep’s liver, heart, tongue and fat, blended with oats and seasonings, boiled inside a sheep’s stomach to achieve its enticing gray color!), and in January, in honor of the Scottish poet-icon Robert Burns, prominent Peruvian chef Mitsuharu Tsumura joined Scotland’s Paul Wedgwood to create haggis from, instead of sheep, guinea pig. Wedgwood said he was “proud” to raise haggis “to new gastronomic levels.”
Least competent criminals
1. Briton Jacqueline Patrick, 55, was sentenced to 15 years in prison in December for the 2013 murder of her husband, accomplished by spiking his wine with anti-freeze. To cover her crime, she handed over a note the husband had supposedly written, requesting that if tragedy struck him, he wished not to be resuscitated, preferring to die with “dignerty” (sic). Suspicious, police asked Patrick to spell “dignity,” which, of course, came out “dignerty.”
2. Kristina Green, 19, and Gary Withers, 38, both already on probation, were arrested in Encinitas, California, in December after an Amazon.com driver reported them following his delivery truck and scooping up packages as soon as he dropped them off. Inside the pair’s car, officers found numerous parcels and mail addressed to others plus a “To Do” list that read, “steal mail and shoplift.”
A news of the weird classic (December 2011)
In October (2011), the super-enthusiastic winners of a Kingston, Ontario, radio station contest claimed their prize: the chance to don gloves and dig for free Buffalo Bills’ football tickets (value $320), buried in buffalo manure in a wading pool. The show’s host, Sarah Crosbie, reported the digging live (but, overcome by the smell, vomited on the air). More curious was a runner-up contestant, who continued to muck around for the second prize even though it was only tickets to a local zoo.
Reach Weekender at [email protected] Read more weird news at www.WeirdUniverse.net; send items to WeirdNews earthlink.net, and P.O. Box 18737, Tampa, Florida, 33679.
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SSL* by default is inevitable.
Though this is a good first step (well done CloudFlare!), eventually these base SSL certificates will be so cheap as to be ridiculous. Hell, I bought 5 years of SSL certificate for my domain for something like $50. If you have any reason to have SSL, even a popular forum requiring login, then SSL is a drop in the ocean against hosting, bandwidth and even just simple management costs.
The certification authorities wouldn't allow this (specifically the wildcard domains) without knowing that the money they get from them is going to plummet soon anyway. That's pretty much why they want to push EV and like it when Chrome drops support for 1024-bit, etc. They can give the old stuff away for free while pushing the stuff that won't be warning in your browser next year.
And there are already "free" SSL certificates out there on this level, you just have to dig for them.
And, to be honest, where we need to worry is things like SSL on email, etc. which is disgustingly easy to configure nowadays if you own any domain SSL certificate (or even a self-signed one). I'm pretty sure my SSL cert is running not only my domains, but my email, DKIM signature and things like SSH etc. (with different passphrases in some instances, granted).
(*Please replace SSL throughout with TLS etc. as I'm pretty sure my servers don't accept SSL 2.0, 3.0 or anything else nowadays).
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If you use Linux or macOS, there are two different ways to install Foundry.
This is the easiest option for Linux and macOS users.
Open your terminal and type in the following command:
curl -L https://foundry.paradigm.xyz | bash
This will download
foundryup. Then install Foundry by running:
If everything goes well, you will now have three binaries at your disposal:
foundryupafter installation, simply run
foundryupagain, and it will update to the latest Foundry release. You can also revert to a specific version of Foundry with
foundryup -v $VERSION.
To build from source, you need to get Rust and Cargo. The easiest way to get both is by using
On Linux and macOS, this is done as follows:
curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh
It will download a script and start the installation.
If you use Windows, you need to build from source to get Foundry.
Download and run
rustup-init from rustup.rs. It will start the installation in a console.
After this, run the following to build Foundry from source:
cargo install --git https://github.com/foundry-rs/foundry foundry-cli anvil --bins --locked
To update from source, run the same command again.
Foundry can also be used entirely within a Docker container. If you don't have it, Docker can be installed directly from Docker's website.
Once installed, you can download the latest release by running:
docker pull ghcr.io/foundry-rs/foundry:latest
It is also possible to build the docker image locally. From the Foundry repository, run:
docker build -t foundry .
Some machines (including those with M1 chips) may be unable to build the docker image locally. This is a known issue.
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Care homes medicine re-use scheme introduced
New measures allowing care homes and hospices to introduce medicine re-use schemes have been introduced in light of fears Covid-19 could exacerbate supply chain pressures.
The standard operating procedure developed by the Department of Health and Social Care allows care homes to ‘re-use’ a medicine prescribed for one patient with another patient, rather than always having to return unused medicines to a community pharmacy or external company.
If they choose to introduce the scheme, care homes must carry out a risk assessment for each medicine to be re-used, including making sure no other stocks of the medicine are available and that the benefits outweigh any potential risks.
PSNC said the use of such schemes “will hopefully be an extremely rare occurrence†and that most community pharmacies were unlikely to encounter this.
“It is those that regularly supply medicines to care homes and hospices that are most likely to need to be aware of the operation of medicines re-use schemes.
“Those pharmacies may want to discuss with the managers of care homes and hospices they provide services to, whether a medicines re-use scheme is being planned.â€
The guidance states that when supplies run out for a medicine that is urgently needed, an alternative should be supplied and dispensed where possible.
But where an alternative cannot be sourced, the pharmacy that supplies the care home can inquire whether the care home or hospice runs the scheme and whether they have unused supplies of the medicine.
The pharmacy must share a copy of the original prescription with the care home before the medicine can be re-used, and the supply of medicine must be done in accordance with that prescription.
According to PSNC, pharmacists or pharmacy technicians may choose to undertake checks on-site, but because this is not part of the NHS Community Pharmacy Contractual Framework they must ensure they have appropriate indemnity insurance.
This module busts the myths surrounding diarrhoea treatments and explores the products available OTC so you can recommend the right treatment.
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What does Selmo mean?
Associated with: helmet (defender).
(male) Salmo, Sulmo, ..
(female) Sellom, Selna, .. Middle name pairings:
Selmo Aaron (S.A.), ..
How popular is Selmo?
Selmo is an uncommon first name for males. Selmo is also a unique last name for all people. (2000 U.S. Demographics)
Which version is better?with its source form and related boy names. Elmo and Anselmo are the popular varying forms of Selmo (outside Top 2000) listed in the Top 2000. These relations of Selmo reached the height of their popularity during the years 1910-1919 (median #1037), but now, the form Elmo has become somewhat outmoded. (2015 Birth Statistics)
Similar NamesRecommended names are Nemo, Remo, Salmon, Salomo, Seamor, Sebo, Sela, Selah, Selby, Seldon, Selig, Selim, Sesto, Shelomo and Shlomo. Like Selmo, these names are not frequently used.See names in meaning and etymology.
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Puneet Plaha is Associate Professor and Consultant Neuro-oncology Surgeon in Oxford with a specialist interest in brain tumours especially Endoscopic minimally invasive surgery and Awake surgery.
He qualified in Medicine from one of India’s premier institutes, JIPMER, Pondicherry University in 1996 and completed his Masters degree in Surgery from the same institute in 2000. He undertook a MD degree from Bristol in 2011. He completed his neurosurgical training programme as part of the South West rotation (Bristol and Plymouth) from 2005-2010 and a 1yr Endoscopic pituitary fellowship in 2010-11 and Skull base fellowship 2011-12 in Oxford.
He is a Consultant Neurosurgeon at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford. He has been Clinical Lead for the Oxford Brain and Spine MDT and Neuro oncology Lead for Thames Valley since Aug 2012. He has been Chair of the Tumour section of the Society of British Neurological Surgeon since March 2019.
Education and Training
Awake Neurosurgery video: A step-by-step description by Professor Plaha of awake neurosurgery described to the BBC (warning: surgical content). Video kindly provided by BBC Wiltshire on their Facebook site.
MBBS, MS, MD, FRCS, FRCS (SN)
- Consultant Neuro-oncology Surgeon
My research interests are focused on using minimally invasive endoscopic techniques to resect brain tumours and advanced brain imaging technologies to develop individually-tailored treatment for brain tumours. I set up and have developed the Awake surgery Brain tumour programme in Oxford and use intraoperative stimulation to understand brain function and “supramaximally” resect brain tumours.
Our research aims are:
- To understand how brain tumours interact with and affect surrounding neural functional networks.
- Plan surgical approaches to the tumour, using non-invasive brain imaging techniques to determine the ideal and maximal resection zone through functional networks.
- Understand how surgical morbidity and hospital length of stay can be reduced using a minimally invasive endoscopic approach to resect brain tumours.
- Identify the transition zone between low grade gliomas and surrounding normal brain in patients undergoing awake surgery using Ultra High definition Intra operative Brain Imaging.
Diffusion tractography for awake craniotomy: accuracy and factors affecting specificity.
Voets NL. et al, (2021), J Neurooncol
Pitfalls regarding the neurosurgical management of traumatic supra and infratentorial extradural haematomas
Ganau M. et al, (2021), Neurosurgical Review
COVID-legal study: neurosurgeon experience in Britain during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic–medico-legal considerations
Finn R. et al, (2021), British Journal of Neurosurgery
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on surgical neuro-oncology multi-disciplinary team decision making: a national survey (COVID-CNSMDT Study).
Price SJ. et al, (2020), BMJ Open, 10
FUNCTIONALLY GUIDED SUPRAMAXIMAL RESECTION OF IDH-WILDTYPE GLIOBLASTOMAS AND THE EFFECT ON PROGRESSION FREE SURVIVAL
Livermore LJ. et al, (2018), NEURO-ONCOLOGY, 20, 346 - 347
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This type of earplugs are mainly used for noise reduction but quality and amount of reducing noise depends on the foams type used and the type of molding done to make these earplugs. Whether you are at work or relaxing at home you must protect your hearing from getting damage from loud harmful noises.
In case of protecting from unequal air pressure, the earplug slows down the movements of air into and out of the ear which helps to give more time to ear to adjust the change occurs in air-pressure especially in flight.
The most common and comfortable earplugs are soft foam earplugs. It basically used by compressing then and then sticking them into ear canal then they expand to fit the ear canal. Foam earplugs are not reusable but inexpensive because for their material quality and not cleanable. A user can hear the sounds little muffled as it is able to prevent more efficiently high frequencies sound then low frequencies sound.
Basic use of foam earplugs:
|howard leight laser lite|
Foam earplugs comes in high Noise Reduction Rating of around 30dB which offers you unsurpassed combination of protecting hearing and allowing you to be comfortable in dangerous noises levels environments.
• Peaceful sleep
• Recording or listening to a play
• Concentrating in studies or work
• Attending concerts or other loud events
• Riding motorcycle
• Shooting sports
• Traveling, protect form unequal air pressure
• Prevent loud noise
Considering some criteria while making Foam earplugs:Blocking sounds:
Earplugs for sleeping must be able to prevent entering range of different sounds from different sources into ears. It must effectively block out noises.
Only able to block sound is not enough, it must be comfortable to sleep in all night, such as earplugs for sleeping, Foam earplugs or custom designed earplugs are mostly used for mot comfort level.
Easy to use
These earplugs can easily plug-in ear to block noises. As it can be easy to plug in, it can even be easy to plug out. There are many earplugs which needs twisters or something to pull it out.
Don’t break apart easily.
For humans sensitive ears the material used must be made in such a way that it doesn’t break in parts inside the ear canals to avoid any medical issues.
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The credit scoring of your business can influence not only which suppliers you can go to but also what prices they will offer. Typically higher risk companies will be quoted higher rates.
Before agreeing a contract the energy supplier will check your credit rating to assess the potential risk of default on payments.
Suppliers often buy energy in blocks to service the companies they have on their books in any given period. If too many of those companies default on payments it can leave suppliers with excess energy they’ve paid for but can’t sell. The cost of recovering money owed by businesses can be a long drawn out and expensive affair, so some suppliers are very careful about the risks they take.
Having a poor credit rating and can mean that your choice of energy supplier and energy tariff can be limited. Some energy suppliers simply won’t accept businesses with a poor credit, but others might prevent you from being able to access their best deals.
It’s a good idea to compare business energy prices from a variety of suppliers, but make sure that they know about your credit situation so they can tailor your quote accurately.
IUConsult will be able to advise you at the time which suppliers are likely to accept customers with poor credit and what you might be able to do to improve your score.
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Thousands injured annually in table saw incidents: study
Table saws -- a common tool in woodworking -- are associated with an average of 31,500 injuries annually, finds a new study conducted at the Center for Injury Research and Policy of the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital in Columbus, OH.
According to a study abstract, hospital emergency rooms treated approximately 565,670 non-occupational table saw injuries between 1990 and 2007.
Two-thirds of the injuries suffered were lacerations, most often to the finger or thumb. Approximately 10 percent of the cases involved amputation. In 72 percent of the cases, the injury occurred as a result of kickback. Less common were injuries stemming from debris thrown by the saw, moving the saw or getting an article of clothing stuck in the blade.
To prevent a table saw-related injury:
- Keep table saws in an area that is not accessible to children.
- Protect the blade with a rigid cover when not in use.
- Read the owner's manual carefully for safety rules.
- Complete a table saw-specific safety course before operating the saw.
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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Convert 9 Milligrams to Stones
To calculate 9 Milligrams to the corresponding value in Stones, multiply the quantity in Milligrams by 1.5747304441777E-7 (conversion factor). In this case we should multiply 9 Milligrams by 1.5747304441777E-7 to get the equivalent result in Stones:
9 Milligrams x 1.5747304441777E-7 = 1.4172573997599E-6 Stones
9 Milligrams is equivalent to 1.4172573997599E-6 Stones.
How to convert from Milligrams to Stones
The conversion factor from Milligrams to Stones is 1.5747304441777E-7. To find out how many Milligrams in Stones, multiply by the conversion factor or use the Mass converter above. Nine Milligrams is equivalent to zero point zero zero zero zero zero one four one seven Stones.
Definition of Milligram
The milligram (abbreviation: mg) is a unit of mass, equal to 1/000 of a gram, and 1/10000000 of a kilogram (also written 1E-6 kg).
Definition of Stone
The stone or stone weight (abbreviation: st) is an English and imperial unit of mass now equal to 14 pounds (6.35029318 kg). England and other Germanic-speaking countries of northern Europe formerly used various standardised "stones" for trade, with their values ranging from about 5 to 40 local pounds (roughly 3 to 15 kg) depending on the location and objects weighed. The United Kingdom's imperial system adopted the wool stone of 14 pounds in 1835.
Using the Milligrams to Stones converter you can get answers to questions like the following:
- How many Stones are in 9 Milligrams?
- 9 Milligrams is equal to how many Stones?
- How to convert 9 Milligrams to Stones?
- How many is 9 Milligrams in Stones?
- What is 9 Milligrams in Stones?
- How much is 9 Milligrams in Stones?
- How many st are in 9 mg?
- 9 mg is equal to how many st?
- How to convert 9 mg to st?
- How many is 9 mg in st?
- What is 9 mg in st?
- How much is 9 mg in st?
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By Jim Melwert
PHILADELPHIA (CBS) – Scientists say an asteroid will pass closer to Earth today than any other they’ve ever tracked. Though “close” is in cosmic terms, and they say it’s not related to the meteorites in Russia (see related story).
It’s described as being about the size of an apartment building, nearly 50 meters in diameter.
Franklin Institute chief astronomer Derrick Pitts says it will make its closest pass at about 2:30 p.m.
“What makes this really significant is that this is the closest path of an asteroid that’s ever been tracked,” says Pitts. “It’s closest approach will be about 17,150 miles away from Earth,” which sounds like a long way when you consider it’s about 10,000 miles from here to Sydney, Australia.
But, Pitts says, “That’s well within the orbit of the moon. In fact, it’s almost the same altitude as some satellites we have orbiting around the Earth in geo-stationary orbit at 22,300 miles.”
But, again, no danger to Earth, and Pitts says this asteroid will not be visible to us, however the Franklin Institute will have monitors set up with video feeds from NASA for anyone who wants to view the asteroid.
WATCH: NASA Follows Asteroid Flyby
Click here to watch Franklin Institute chief astronomer Derrick Pitts discuss the asteroid.
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There's an old canard about poker: If you look around the poker table and you don't see the patsy, then you are the patsy.
In case you don't know what a patsy is, it's a person who is easily manipulated or victimized. A chump. A mug. A sucker. The word is believed to be derived from the Italian pazzo, meaning fool or crazy person.
So who is the patsy at the investment table? You are, if you:
Try to time the market. Ally Bank has an ad asking Thomas Sargent, Nobel-Prize winning economist, if he can say what interest rates are going to be in two years. He admits he can't. And if he can't, you can't either. It's a fool's errand to try to predict the future of interest rates, stock prices, or industry trends. The trend may be your friend, but the fact is, trends are hard to identify early in the process when they can make you money. Usually, by the time you spot a trend, it's already past its prime. So the patsy rushes into stocks after the market's been going up for a while and is ready for a correction, or holds onto stocks as the market goes down, then finally gives up and sells just as prices are bottoming. The patsy buys the highly ranked mutual fund--the one that's latched onto a positive trend for several years--just as it's starting to cool off and underperform.
Jump on the latest fad. If everyone is talking about Facebook or Apple or Netflix, it must be a good prospect, right? Not necessarily. Sometimes a company can have good management and a popular product, but it makes for a lousy investment because the stock price has been bid up too high. The more a stock is promoted, the more likely it is to top out and start to decline. The patsy buys the latest stock promoted in the financial news, or worse, on a tip from a friend or relative. Face it, by the time you've heard the rumor, it's probably old news to the insiders and professional traders. Ask my neighbor. He bought Facebook the first day it came out. Now he's down $10 a share.
Don't do your homework. Unless you can read income statements and balance sheets, and have some special insight into a company and an industry, you have no business buying an individual stock. There are too many hidden variables that can impact a company. A new product from a competitor? An accounting scandal? A failed acquisition? Turmoil in the boardroom? The same goes for commodities, or any specialized ETF you might think represents the "wave of the future," even though you know little about the underlying business. I remember the alternative energy ETFs a couple of years ago, when Barack Obama was going to get elected and usher in a new world of clean energy. Most of those ETFs are now worth half of what they were in 2008.
Are a frequent trader. My brother-in-law likes to go down to the bar at the beach and talk investments with his friends. He has a good time, buys drinks, and eats tasty snacks. He gets lots of tips on Internet stocks, and he has an opinion about every economic issue that hits the news. And his opinion changes every week. He buys and sells obscure stocks two or three times per week, sometimes holding them for just a day. Out of all the stocks he buys, one or two actually do pan out. But most of the time he loses money. If he ever does make a profit, he pays a higher tax on it because it's a short-term investment. And meanwhile, he has to pay an accountant to sort out his few gains and many losses to figure his tax liability.
Think you can outsmart the experts. There are always a few people who "beat" the market. They exploit their special knowledge about a particular industry, or maybe they possess uncanny mathematical skills, or just have dumb good luck. But most people do not have insider knowledge or genius-level math skills. And, by the way, if they do, they're not going to share them with you, so don't fall for the ads claiming you can triple your money in two short months if you only use this special, secret system. The fact is, for most investors, the best way to grow your money is the old-fashioned way--dollar-cost average into an index mutual fund like the Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund (VTSMX) or Fidelity Spartan 500 Index Fund (FUSEX), or an ETF like the SPDR S&P 500 Fund (SPY) or the SPDR Dow Jones Fund (DIA).
I understand, it's not that exciting. But when you're putting your retirement on the line, you need to look at your investments as a way to increase your savings, not provide you with excitement and entertainment.
Tom Sightings is a former publishing executive who was eased into early retirement in his mid-50s. He lives in the New York area and blogs at Sightings at 60, where he covers health, finance, retirement, and other concerns of baby boomers who realize that somehow they have grown up.
More From US News & World Report
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| 0.97221
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For a quarter of a century, the Discovery Channel has broadcast an annual television event called Shark Week, a six-day block of shark-themed programming that has become a viewer favorite, taking advantage of the nearly-universal fear of the ocean’s killing machines. On August 2, I attended a party at the Beverly Hilton to celebrate the Shark Week anniversary.
This article has been reproduced in a new format and may be missing content or contain faulty links. Contact firstname.lastname@example.org to report an issue.
The poolside party featured scenes from the programming projected on the side of the building and a photo-op station featuring the custom submersible Volkswagen Beetle that serves as a rolling shark cage for the divers in this season’s episodes. The car is pretty cool; powered by twin propellers, it cruises along the ocean floor and allows very close contact between the people and the sharks.
The Shark Week page at the Discovery Channel website includes a large number of video clips, photos, downloads and activities relating to the annual event, which began on Sunday night and runs through Thursday; Shark Week 2012 includes daily programming featuring the big scary carnivorous living fossils.Go Back to Top. Skip To: Start of Article.
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It is a property owner’s responsibility to provide for the safety of trees on his or her property. Common defects associated with tree ailments should be identified. Assessment of the defects is essential and should be done by qualified arborists.
Once a tree is recognised as being dangerous, we can supply a written report recommending the necessary work and care for the tree. Insurance companies are increasingly refusing to pay out for damage caused by trees that have not had a recent survey. Policies should be checked to ascertain the exact requirements
Some common defects associated with trees are: Cavities or decayed wood along the trunk or in major branches Mushrooms present at the base of the tree Cracks or splits in the trunk or at the union where branches attach Adjacent or nearby trees fallen over or dead Trunk developing a strong lean Roots broken off, injured or damaged Electrical line adjacent to tree Recent construction in the area
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Against free trade
By Patrick J. Buchanan, The Great Betrayal: How American Sovereignty and Social Justice Are Being Sacrificed to the Gods of the Global Economy. (Little, Brown, 384 pp.)
Those of us on the left who the ideology of free trade are sometimes accused of having strange bedfellows, notably Ross Perot and Patrick Buchanan. But this meeting of left and right may not be so surprising. The differences that once divided the major political parties have been superseded by new issues on which the dominant Republican and Democratic forces converge.
Buchanan quotes Christian Kopf as saying: "The real divisions of our time are not between left and right but between nations and the globalist delusion." Buchanan agrees with Kopf that nations should maintain or recover their sovereignty. For the opposing position, Buchanan quotes George C. Ball: "The urgent need of modern man [is] to use the world's resources in the most efficient manner. That can be achieved only when all the factors necessary for the production and use of goods-capital, labor, raw materials and plant facilities-are freely mobilized and deployed according to the most efficient pattern-and that in turn will be possible only when national boundaries no longer play a critical role in defining economic horizons."
Ball's view has become orthodoxy in both political parties, in the world of business and finance and in the universities. Even those who oppose particular steps toward the realization of this vision often insist that they accept the ideal. Those who believe that this transfer of power from political to economic institutions is unwise, even disastrous, are in the minority. No dissident voice is louder or clearer on this topic than Patrick Buchanan's.
Of course, since he speaks from the Republican right and I am a former leftist Democrat who has become a Green, I am not always comfortable with his formulations. I came to my opposition to free trade chiefly from seeing its effects on Third World people and the natural environment. Buchanan shows no interest either in the environment or in the Third World. He writes as an ardent U.S. nationalist. He asserts that it is the rightful nature of nations to compete; hence, America needs to look out for itself. Buchanan has little interest in international cooperation for the common good.
Despite our differences, Buchanan and I share a deep concern for the effects of free trade on U.S. workers. While our nation's elite have celebrated the great prosperity brought by globalizing the economy, wages have declined. Buchanan provides some sobering statistics. "Between 1972 and 1994, real wages of working Americans fell 19 percent." The gap between the minimum wage and a living wage increases.
In order to maintain the lifestyle to which families became accustomed during healthier times, even mothers with young children must enter the work force. "In 1960 only 18 percent of women with children under the age of six were in the work force; by 1995 the figure had soared to 63 percent." Despite the second income working mothers provide, "in the first six years of the 1990s, the median family income fell 6 percent." Meanwhile, unemployment rises among American men. "Since 1966 the share of American men with jobs has fallen from 85.4 percent to 76.8 percent. Idle men end up in trouble, often in prison, where 1.1 million American males now reside." Buchanan's conversion to economic nationalism resulted from becoming aware of the losses sustained by the American working class.
Buchanan also deplores the ever growing division of America into a class society. He notes that "America's wealthiest 1 percent, which controlled 21 percent of America's wealth in 1949, now controls 40 percent. . . . Top CEO salaries-44 times the average wage of a worker in 1965-have soared to 212 times." For Buchanan the globalization of the economy explains the decline in the position of American workers. This globalization has ended the epoch of responsible nationalist industrialists whose patriotism was expressed in concern for both their stockholders and their workers. These are Buchanan's heroes. He barely acknowledges the role of labor unions in improving the condition of workers or the systematic weakening of these unions, to which globalization was a major contributor.
Buchanan also ignores factors other than globalization that have contributed to the impoverishment of workers. For example, the tax burden has steadily shifted from the rich to the poor. Although Buchanan protests the increased burden of taxes on workers, he does not criticize the easing of the burden on the rich.
A still more important factor ignored by Buchanan has been the victory of the standard economic theory that 5 to 7 percent unemployment is needed to prevent inflation. Despite lack of evidence to support it, this theory has determined our economic policy during the same period that the globalization of the economy has accelerated. It makes a permanent underclass a centerpiece of national policy, to be enforced by the Federal Reserve Board through its control of interest rates. This national commitment to high unemployment means that those who are currently unemployed can find work only by displacing those who now work. Importing farm workers from Mexico, legally and illegally, also ensures competition for low-paying work. National leaders can then play off hardworking, low-paid laborers against immigrants and those who receive the dole, directing workers' resentments away from those who control the economy and prevent full employment. Buchanan has nothing to say about how these policies exacerbate the problem of the poor.
Nevertheless, Buchanan is right in citing the globalization of the economy as the single most important factor in the destruction of the laboring middle class. This destruction may be the most important social and economic development of the past quarter century. Churches have hardly even protested this development. Despite its limitations and exaggerations, Buchanan's book is an important contribution to our understanding of the effects of free trade on U.S. workers. And he can reach an audience that is closed to those whose concern is primarily for the poor and for the environment.
Buchanan convincingly argues that political internationalism has supported economic globalism. In his account, it has been internationalist idealism among politicians rather than business and financial interests that has led to the removal of trade barriers. Those on the left tend to suppose that government policy has long been too much affected by Wall Street. Buchanan, coming from the right, tells a different story.
In his account of the 19th-century struggle between protectionists and free traders, Buchanan shows that economic interests were primary. To understand that struggle, it is important to know that tariffs constituted the major revenue of the national treasury. In the eyes of protectionists they also provided a wall behind which the national economy could grow.
In Buchanan's persuasive telling of the story, the tensions between the northern and southern states were determined more directly by tariffs than by slavery. Northern industrialists and factory workers needed protection from European competitors. They sought and obtained tariffs, and flourished behind this protective wall. Southern agriculturalists suffered from these tariffs, since they exchanged their products for European manufactured goods. The South's tariff payments into the national treasury financed the North's infrastructure. The mission of Charleston's Fort Sumter was to ensure collection of these tariffs. According to Buchanan, Lincoln's reputation for strong support of high tariffs played a larger role than his antislavery sentiments in precipitating secession.
Similarly, the issue of tariffs contributed directly to the northern decision to use military force to prevent secession. The Confederacy's constitution established free trade. This severely threatened the North, since not only would it lose the tariffs that southerners paid into the national coffers, but it would be unable to prevent tariff-free goods from crossing the border from the Confederacy into the Union. National revenues would be greatly reduced, and industrial development would be threatened.
Buchanan's emphasis on the influence of economic interests on politics in his discussions of the 19th century is startlingly absent in his account of the triumph of the free-trade ideology in the 20th century. Indeed, he presents this triumph as consistently contrary to the interests of American business. According to Buchanan, free trade was forced on American business by political internationalists. It is only since the destruction of nationalist businesses that their successors, the great transnational corporations, have allied themselves with political internationalism in favor of free trade.
Buchanan does not accuse those who have brought us economic globalism of ill will or bad faith, partly because he was himself an ardent supporter of free trade during his time of government service under Ronald Reagan. His conversion is recent, and he knows that systems of belief are at issue.
He traces the beginning of the triumph of the free-trade ideology to Cordell Hull. Hull was a true internationalist. "He bemoaned the fact that the great tariff battles of his youth were 'fought on the home grounds that high tariffs or low tariffs were good or bad for the United States as a purely domestic matter. There was little or no thought to their effect on other countries, little or no thought of their effect on world peace.'" Since tariffs were the main source of government revenue, Hull knew that they could not be reduced without establishing an alternate source. Accordingly, in Congress in 1913 he authored the Underwood Tariff, which reduced tariffs and introduced income taxes as a permanent feature of the nation's revenue. This shift of revenue away from tariffs has continued steadily to the present. "By the 1990s customs duties that once produced 50-90 percent of U.S. revenue would yield 1/2 percent."
The shift from taxing imported goods to taxing American incomes is now complete. As secretary of state under Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Hull continued to act out of the conviction that "unhampered trade dovetailed with peace; high tariffs, trade barriers, and unfair economic competition, with war." Congress gave him freedom to negotiate bilateral trade agreements. Matters became worse after World War II. Internationalists placed good relations with allies above economic interests and gave other nations advantages that undercut American business. Generous trade agreements were also used to secure support during the cold war.
In the conventional telling of history, what has worked most effectively to advance free trade is the Smoot-Hawley Tariff. When Vice-President Al Gore debated Ross Perot on television, he linked Perot's opposition to NAFTA with that "infamous" bill. He could simply assume that everyone believed Smoot-Hawley's results were terrible. Buchanan reports that when he was serving under Reagan he oversaw the president's "veto messages killing legislation to protect the shoe and textile industries. I made sure that one referred to the 'infamous Smoot-Hawley Tariff.'" In supporting Bill Clinton's work to pass NAFTA, Gerald Ford warned against any repetition of that "stupid, serious mistake."
But as Buchanan's eyes were opened to the effects of free trade, his understanding of Smoot-Hawley changed. He concluded that "the charge that Smoot-Hawley was a cause of the Great Depression, Hitler, and World War II is a myth perpetuated by free trade zealots." Buchanan's study of Smoot-Hawley should forever silence the absurd charges against it.
Though it is sometimes claimed that this tariff, or the threat of it, played a role in the stock market crash which took place six months before it was enacted, Smoot-Hawley essentially had nothing to do with the crash. Only one-third of imports were affected by the tariff, and total imports amounted to just 4 percent of the GNP. Economists Ravi Batra and Milton Friedman concur that Smoot-Hawley "played no significant role in either causing the depression or prolonging it."
Equally absurd is the idea that Smoot-Hawley contributed in any significant way to the rise of Hitler or to World War II. Its effect on international relations and on internal developments in Germany were trivial. Though a few nations did retaliate against a few selected products, Smoot-Hawley played only a modest role in the global movements back and forth between protectionism and free trade. Roosevelt's slashing of tariff rates had no noticeable tendency to end the depression.
Buchanan is well aware of how deeply the free-trade doctrine is established in both the internationalist left and the conservative right. "As I began to write skeptically of free trade, I discovered that I was trampling on holy ground." He went to the Cato Institute to discuss his challenge to George Bush, requesting that they leave the trade issue aside. "The session had not lasted five minutes before it reached the shouting stage over my 'protectionism.' I began to realize that free trade is a matter about which it is not acceptable to dissent and remain inside the church." The understanding of free trade as a religious issue is not casual hyperbole. Buchanan shows that as Christian eschatology lost its convincing power, a new community of believers arose, claiming that free trade would bring in the hoped-for fulfillment of history.
John Maynard Keynes began his career as a true believer in free trade. As secretary of the Cambridge University Free Trade Association, he wrote in 1923: "We must hold to free trade, in its widest interpretation, as an inflexible dogma, to which no exception is admitted, wherever the decision rests with us. . . . We should hold to free trade as a principle of international morals, and not merely as a doctrine of economic advantage." Later Keynes underwent a conversion, stating, "Defense of free trade theory is, I submit, the result of pure intellectual error, due to a complete misunderstanding of the theory of equilibrium in international trade." But the vast majority of economists continue to follow the early Keynes. During the fight over NAFTA, the New Republic asserted: "It may not be too great a flight of rhetoric to say that at this crossroads of post-cold war history, Pat Buchanan and Ross Perot represent the cause of evil."
The facts about America's working class are a challenge to free-trade ideology. But facts alone will not shake the confidence of those committed to the ideology that now rules the world: neoliberal economics. Buchanan's historical and factual protest must be supplemented by a theoretical debate in which Christian theologians should participate.
Buchanan is optimistic. He believes that neither NAFTA nor GATT would pass Congress today and that the American people will not support any further steps toward the extension of the global market. He believes, indeed, that the move from a national to a global economy can still be reversed despite his opponents' insistence that the integration of the global economy is inevitable. His practical proposals with respect to tariffs and taxes are worthy of serious attention. Should we rejoice with Buchanan that a turn from free-trade ideology may yet be possible? Or should we deplore the nationalist threat to the goal of a global free market, which would diminish the power and role of nations? Or should we oppose both nationalism and global economism in the name of a wider loyalty to the earth and all its people? If we take the latter position, we need to articulate the implications of our faith as clearly as true believers in free trade have stated theirs and as Buchanan has articulated the requirements of economic nationalism.
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<urn:uuid:5c87339c-ed84-41cd-a0ab-1bc80c69ffeb>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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https://www.christiancentury.org/reviews/2012-03/against-free-trade
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00172-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.963613
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|
1. Grass stains
2. Condiment spills (mustard, ketchup)
3. Fresh-berry spots
4. Sunscreen streaks
Tools You'll Use
- Enzyme detergent
- Chlorine and/or oxygen bleach
- Cold water; cloth or paper towel
- Boiling water
- Rubbing alcohol
- Aerosol prewash spray or solvent-based spot remover
Watch the video below for easy demos:
1. Win the turf war. When gardening, picnicking, or a backyard game of badminton leaves you seeing green, here's how to undo the grass marks fast: Drizzle on a little liquid laundry detergent with enzymes (check the label) and rub it into the stain; let sit about five minutes. Then launder using the type of bleach (chlorine or oxygen) and hottest water permitted by the clothing's care label (in fact, this is the final step for all of these washable-fabric fixes).
2. Hold the sauce. Uh-oh — there's more mustard and ketchup on your shirt than on your hot dog! First, gently scrape off the blob(s). Then dip a cloth or paper towel in cold water and blot (don't rub) the stain. Once you get home: For mustard, work a dab of glycerin (found in drugstores) into the stain and let it sit about five minutes; rinse. For ketchup, flush the stain from the back side of the fabric with cold water. Next, for both, apply liquid detergent to the front of the stain and tamp down with an old, clean toothbrush to break up any hard residue. Add more detergent to the stain; machine-wash as described earlier.
3. Put up a fruit fight. The not-so-sweet truth: Juicy berries can leave hard-to-remove stains on fabric. To deal: Immediately sponge the spot with cool water. Later, stretch the stained cloth over a bowl or pot in the sink. Hold a kettle of boiling water at least 12 inches above the fabric and pour the water through the stain. The mark should disappear. If not, sponge it with rubbing alcohol before tossing the item in the machine to wash, as above.
4. Cream sunblock smears. It may be a summer essential for your skin, but it isn't for your clothes. If sunscreen lands on your favorite swimsuit or shorts, scrape off the excess. At home, apply an aerosol-spray stain remover like Shout (these contain solvents for oily stains) or a solvent spot remover like Afta (guardsman.com). And, yep, launder as above.
Make It Easier Next Time
- Bring along an on-the-go stain-remover pen or wipe — particularly good on food stains — and use it immediately after your spill. Also, don't let the stained garment linger in the hamper for days; toss it in the machine ASAP.
- Pick up GHRI-tested Max Force Gel Stick, new from OxiClean ($5, oxiclean.com), for your laundry kit. It can be applied up to a week before washing (unlike most pretreaters, which should be used just before laundering).
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<urn:uuid:996d402c-8ed9-4c84-bab1-32c079c09a78>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.goodhousekeeping.com/home/cleaning/tips/a18871/undo-summer-stains/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00178-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.875484
| 680
| 1.75
| 2
|
There are two ways to measure your ring size:
1 – Printable Ring sizer
In order to print out this free online ring sizer above, be sure that your printer is set to 100%. In other words, make sure that you have not reduced the print size in ‘page set up.’ You can verify that the printable ring sizer printed correctly by measuring the ring sizer with a ruler; it should measure from left to right: 3 1/2 inches.
Once you have printed the free ring sizer, follow these directions to find your ring size:
Wrap a piece of loose string around your finger. Be sure to allow for the size of your knuckle.
With a pen, mark the point on the string where the end meets.
Using the chart, place the end of the string on the left hand border next to the word, ‘Son,’ and stretch along the sizer toward the numbers.
The pen mark will indicate your ring size.
2- Ring Measurement with a paper strip
To measure your ring size online you need the following equipment ( paper ring sizer):
- ruler preferable in millimeters
- sheet of paper
To measure your finger make sure you are in a room at room temperature. Different temperature make your fingers thicker or thinner. Keep also in mind that there are days that your body hold more water then other days, which make your fingers swell a little. Also during the day there can be a difference in finger size. If you notice that you finger size varies slightly, make sure you take the measurement at the right time.
Take the sheet of paper and cut it to 3 cm by 10 cm. Take the strip of paper ring sizer and fold it so it becomes 1cm X 10 cm. Take the folded paper and pull it a few time over an edge of a table so it becomes more flexible
Now wrap the piece of paper around the base of your finger, on which you want to wear the ring. Mark with a pen where the paper end overlaps. Now take the piece of paper of your finger and cut it about 1 cm longer then where you marked the paper with the pen. Take the tape and make a ring out it. Try the paper ring on the same finger and see if it comes on and off easily.
If the ring fits correctly cut the ring in two and measure the length of the paper in millimeters. Use the following table to convert length to the American ring size.
This is also a man ring sizer.
Best way to measure your ring is to order a plastic ring sizer
|
<urn:uuid:b3cc940f-d223-4132-ba8d-36ff900d34d1>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://ringsizers.info/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00434-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.919499
| 538
| 2.265625
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|
With the rise of social media over the last two decades, it is easy to get lost or be unaware of the posts that you have circulating on the Internet. Today, many companies look at prospective employees’ online presence, so it is important to ensure that you have a fresh, professional, but still unique social media existence.
Google yourself. Look through your existing social feeds. Yep, even those old posts from five years ago. Would you hire YOU?
Evaluate your social media presence
Social media can get you fired before you have a chance to accept the position, so keep it clean! Take stock of your previous posts and consider if this is how you want the world to see you. If you are unsure or questioning any of your posts, delete them. We all like to have fun too, but the professional world isn’t the place for keg stands. Take advantage of the transparency that social media provides and illustrate your skills, professional experiences, and your personality in a positive light.
Update your LinkedIn and expand your network! LinkedIn is a great way to stay connected to old colleagues and friends. Plus, it provides a supportive plethora of people who are interested in your professional growth.
Use Twitter to follow companies, professional development organizations and people related to your area of expertise. Twitter is a simple tool you can use to follow industry trends and leaders, stay up-to-date with news globally, and engage with people in similar career paths. Limit the negative subtweets and foul language and use it to your professional advantage by sharing relevant articles or retweeting hot topics.
Show off your professional side and your personality
Employers like to see that you are knowledgeable about the industry you want to work in, so by posting and sharing relevant information on social media, you can develop credibility for yourself.
Feel free to keep your puppy photos, tasty recipe videos, and Carpool Karaoke with James Corden shared posts coming. You do not have to be completely professional to get the job. Employers still want to see your personality! Make sure you use your best judgment.
Overall, your social media can make or break you. You are your own brand. Be cognizant of how friends, family, and prospective employers might view your posts on all mediums. Like any brand, be consistent, cohesive, and send a message to your audience. Take a few hours to run through your social media accounts and clean them up! As with anything, it is good to update and do some spring cleaning.
Happy job hunting!
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<urn:uuid:4bce1e22-562c-47a8-9381-0150df0d7e86>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.vaco.com/blog/google-yourself-would-you-hire-you/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00666.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.944417
| 519
| 1.53125
| 2
|
Median is the mid-most value when arranged in ascending/descending order.
the given data when arranged in ascending order becomes:
here the no,of terms are 25 (odd)
so, the median will be (n+1)/2 th term
= 26/2 =13
therefore the median is the 13th term i.e., 7
mode is the frequently occured data
here, 7 appeared many (7) times when compared to other terms.
therefore mode is also 7
|
<urn:uuid:40454678-a3d5-4492-ba35-f62b8063717e>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://brainly.in/question/329954
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00152-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.89625
| 108
| 2.953125
| 3
|
Communism, one of the most virulent ideologies in the history of mankind, has proven harder to defeat than imagined just one generation ago. Though it doesn’t typically parade itself around in red uniforms anymore, communism is still very much alive, even if it is cloaked in the green jacket of radical environmentalism. And communism’s fundamental tenets of equality, class warfare, and wealth redistribution are core principles of the American left.
Most Americans no longer think communism is a threat or that discussing it is even relevant to modern political discourse. Though many understand that socialism is still around, they don’t consider it to be as dangerous as communism, or akin to it in any fundamental way. Communism no longer exists in the public mind, because the Soviet Union is no longer formally embodied, and the Chinese have introduced some market elements into their state capitalist economy.
But communism is just socialism run by the wrong people, so many leftists think. If one resorts to history to prove to a leftist that communism was a scourge on mankind that was a necessary result of socialist doctrine being put in practice, he will deny that history is relevant, or will claim that communism was never actually implemented.
The best way to describe this mindset is utopian. “Utopia” is a word from Greek meaning “no place.” It was first used in modern parlance in Sir Thomas More’s work “Utopia” to describe through the words of a world traveler in a classless society.
And communism is truly no place.
The broader point is that it is impossible for the right to use counterfactuals to disprove that communism works, because communism, the way the left idealizes it, doesn’t exist, and never existed. They see all the flaws of the world, they see capitalism, they see war, they see greed, and they see crime, and as long as those exist in any way, we don’t have communism. We have a capitalist society, one that must be razed to the ground so that a brave new world can be molded from the ashes.
Thus whatever the world is, as long as it is imperfect, it’s not communism. And as long as the world exists, communism cannot be argued against.
|
<urn:uuid:9f106eff-25ef-4c17-9c25-ad1b26327631>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.conservativedailynews.com/2012/08/you-just-cant-argue-against-communism/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00462-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.957962
| 468
| 2.234375
| 2
|
Tools and Techniques for Managing Risk for Virginia Grain and Oilseed Producers
Jenkins, Brian T
MetadataShow full item record
Two very important benchmarks in the development of a marketing strategy are the variable and fixed costs of production. Every farmer has costs of production that are unique to their particular farm. Accurately identifying the costs of production or break even costs for the various crop enterprises is important. Also important is the analysis of revenues and costs across the spectrum of various acreage allocations, yields, and market prices. A computer program in an EXCEL spreadsheet format has been developed to facilitate the identification of the costs of production and the financial impact of various yields, market prices and acreage allocations. A second concern in the development of a marketing plan is the determination of reasonable price expectations given historical prices and current supply and demand estimates. Two devices used to analyze the situation today in a historical context are historical futures price distributions and the relationship between ending stocks versus season average price. Marrying these two devices together creates historic price distributions conditioned on estimated ending stocks. The conditional price distributions are significantly different from one another. Producer attitudes and concerns in the area of pricing plans and price risk management are of interest to researchers and extension educators. A survey of Virginia grain and soybean producers explores pricing behavior, adoption of written pricing plans, attitudes towards risk management and risk management tools, and impediments to employing and executing a written marketing plan.
- Masters Theses
|
<urn:uuid:942a7303-fe9c-409f-bf5e-794265176219>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/33749
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00480-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.927654
| 293
| 2.765625
| 3
|
How to create a care label that is in accordance with the legislation?
Whether you are a beginner, a professional or a self-employed, this article should definitely interest you because it will allow you to make sure that your clothing labels complies with the legislation of your country. It might also give you some ideas on how to create new care labels that are in accordance with the rules and laws of your country.
From our experience, we have seen many errors on care labels. And this could be very dangerous for your product since it might cause problems (even health-related) that might result in you losing business and customers.
Are care labels compulsory everywhere?
In some countries care labels are not mandatory. There are countries where only composition labels are mandatory. So, this creates the following question: why create a care label if this is not compulsory?
The first reason is business-related. According to studies carried out worldwide:
- 75% of people questioned declare that they never buy something without a care label
- 73% of people questioned follow the maintenance instructions represented by the symbols on the labels.
Another reason is purely legal. The absence of a care label can cause concerns since most laws protect consumers. A care label will allow you to avoid any ambiguity towards your customers and will allow you to avoid the responsibility in the event of an incident related to the care and maintenance of your product. Finally, a care label will deter customers from returning your product back.
|
<urn:uuid:29f25ebd-329b-4904-abd3-f546f03df30e>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.katherinesorrell.co.uk/2021/06/01/what-should-it-be-indicated-on-a-care-label/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00273.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.954435
| 298
| 2.015625
| 2
|
YCT is currently on a mission to achieve recognition by the larger Orthodox community that it is a legitimate mokom Torah and that its Open Orthodox ideology is really kosher. Earlier this year, YCT sponsored an alternative Siyum Hashas, which included a non-Orthodox rabbinical seminary and mesaymim. YCT’s strategy was clearly to obtain a hechsher for itself, all the while holding fast to its validation of non-Orthodox rabbinic voices.
YCT has also been sponsoring Tanach and Jewish thought symposiums, which now feature speakers affiliated with Yeshiva University, Young Israel, and prominent Israeli Hesder yeshivos1. We assume that the speakers are unaware of what YCT and Open Orthodoxy really represent, that by speaking there they are abetting the cause of Open Orthodoxy and damaging the position of mainstream Orthodoxy.
WHAT ELSE IS YCT UP TO THESE DAYS?
In an April 5, 2013 post by Rabbi Dov Linzer, the YCT rosh yeshiva writes as follows:
“We were also thrilled to begin some new classes on Jewish Thought for this final zman. On Wednesday, Blu Greenberg and Dr. Judith Plaskow began an eight-part series on Judaism and Feminism. The first class centered around the Blu’s and Judith’s personal journey in become a Jewish feminist. Some of the future classes will address egalitarianism or gender differentiation; theology and liturgy; halakhic inclusion and exclusion; and the issue of iggun. And on Thursday, Rabbi Yitz Greenberg began an eight-part series on Tzelem Elokim as a Foundational Principle…Both classes were quite heavily attended. What an exciting way to being our zman!2”
WHO ARE THESE PEOPLE WHO ARE DELIVERING THESE CLASSES AT YCT?
Dr. Judith Plaskow, Professor of Religious Studies at Manhattan College. Her scholarly interests focus on contemporary religious thought with a specialization in feminist theology. In her influential book, Standing Again at Sinai, the first book of Jewish feminist theology, Dr. Plaskow wrote that the Torah, and Jews’ conception of their own history, have been written by and in the language of a male patriarchy in a manner that sanctions the marginalization of women, and must be reclaimed by redefining its content to include material on women’s experiences. Dr. Plaskow wrote that the rabbis of the Talmud employed a Midrashic method in which “they reconstructed Jewish memory to see themselves in continuity with it.” In addition to supplementing Torah with new material reflecting women’s perspectives, Dr. Plaskow calls for new Midrash reconstructing our understanding of Torah in light of and in continuity with contemporary needs and perspectives3.
Blu Greenberg, an American writer specializing in Modern Judaism and women’s issues. Greenberg is active in the movement to bridge Judaism and feminism. In 1997 and 1998, she chaired the first and second International Conference on Feminism, and she is co-founder and first president of the Jewish Orthodox Feminist Alliance. She has also tried to build bridges between women of different faiths by helping to set up “Women of Faith” and by her involvement in the “Dialogue Project,” which seeks to unite Jewish and Palestinian women4. Blu has coined the famous line for promoting the tampering with halacha to fit the needs of the times: “If there is a rabbinic will, there is a rabbinic way5.”
Dr. Yitz/Irving Greenberg, who has written that the founder of Christianity was not a false messiah but was rather a failed messiah, comparing him to Avrohom Avinu. He has written that Hashem broke His covenant with us, as well as other things that are blasphemy of the highest order. He has embraced total egalitarianism, has been rejected by the religious leadership of Yeshiva University and is considered by many to not be Orthodox.
We now see about whom the YCT rosh yeshiva declares, “What an exciting way to being our zman!”
RECENT YCT AND OPEN ORTHODOX RABBINICAL NEWS
Rabbi Akiva Herzfeld is YCT’s most high-profile pulpit rabbinical graduate. He recently penned an article supporting same-gender marriage rights and compared a legislative victory in favor of such marriage rights to the neis of Chanukah. And just recently, Rabbi Herzfeld was in the news again for allowing a very ill, downtrodden female Reform rabbi to lead part of the Friday night davening at his shul6. Rabbi Herzfeld justified this radical practice out of his feelings of “respect for another rabbi” and out of consideration for her comfort. Rabbi Avi Weiss was reported by Rabbi Herzfeld as having cried in joy and support as he was told by Rabbi Herzfeld about his honoring the female Reform rabbi with leading the Shabbos service.
Rabbi Zev Farber, the only person to be ordained by YCT with Yadin-Yadin semichah, licensing him to serve as a dayan, has recently called for an overhaul in the synagogue service so as to include female leadership7. He has endorsed mixed “Partnership Minyanim8” and vigorously critiqued their detractors9. (Rabbi Farber is also the head of the Vaad HaGiyur of International Rabbinic Fellowship (IRF, the Open Orthodox rabbinical organization) and has penned geirus guidelines for the Open Orthodox rabbinate. Yated previously reported about Rabbi Farber’s “p’sak” permitting people to establish to’eivah relationships, his calling the words of Yeshaya Ha-Navi and Chazal “offensive”, and his call to delete brochos with which modern, secular sensibilities are not comfortable.
Rabbi Dov Linzer himself, in a 2013 Purim message, offended and rejected the importance of the mitzvah of mechiyas Amalek:
“We have taken the mitzvah to destroy Amalek, a mitzvah that disrupts our moral and religious order, a mitzvah that embraces violence and, through interpretation, through choosing how we will tell the story, we have transformed it into a mitzvah of memory, a mandate to restore moral order and to repudiate violence… As partners in the covenant, we will choose to hear the voices that resonate with our deepest sense of probity and morality, which we believe to reflect the Torah’s deepest sense of morality and of justice. But we cannot lose sight that there are others who hear other voices. Others for whom the fundamentalist and extremist voices are the most attractive. Others who are more prepared to hear the mitzvah of mechiya and milchama, of war and destruction. Others who will tell a very different story from the one that we would tell10.
An Open Orthodox rabbi and writer recently held a to’eivah inclusion program at his shul. Another Open Orthodox rabbi who graduated from YCT and now heads the largest Modern Orthodox synagogue in Denver, has argued for the acceptance of to’eivah civil marital rights, using a poem about persecution by the Nazis in calling for Orthodox Jews to be sensitive to discrimination against such to’eivah marriage rights.
YCT is also attempting to change the Orthodox landscape in terms of its promotion of women for rabbinical positions. Yeshivat Maharat, Rabbi Avi Weiss’ school to train women in rabbinic skills, “is training its students to hold rabbinic positions, where they will fulfill traditional duties. Except, of course, those which fall outside of halachic religious acceptance for women: serving as a witness, being counted in a minyan, and leading prayers… ‘We’ve traveled all across the US, from St. Louis to Chicago, to LA to Florida, to Baltimore, and communities are so optimistic we are going to be part of the synagogues’ future,’ (Rabba Sara) Hurwitz said.” Another Yeshivat Maharat student remarked that, “she’s been offered several rabbinic staff positions from synagogues around the country and will choose one in the next few weeks11.”
Never mind that the notion of female rabbis contradicts the mesorah and the rulings of the greatest of poskim. The RCA’s own poskim uniformly prohibited the idea. Open Orthodoxy does not care and does not defer to rabbinic authority. Rather, it picks and chooses what it does, exactly like the Conservative movement.
The final piece of YCT rabbinical news regards YCT’s new dean, Rabbi Asher Lopatin. A recent Tablet article featuring him wrote, “And Lopatin has his sights set on an even broader goal than mending fences with the rest of Orthodoxy, one that would be revolutionary in its own way: unifying all of mainstream, progressive Jewish life. “I’ll sit down with the Satmar,” he told me. “But my dream is to have Hebrew Union College, the Jewish Theological Seminary, Hadar, and Chovevei on one campus, to move in together. We’d each daven in our own ways, but it could transform the Upper West Side.” He leaned forward in his chair and moved his hands through the air, cutting out an imaginary section of Manhattan with a developer’s flair. “I’m not talking about closing down campuses, because I want more Torah, not less,” he went on. “I want to hear different opinions. Disagreement is OK – I don’t care if we come to a consensus, but put it all out there and continue the conversation12.”
The article also contains a quote from a female Reform rabbi with whom Rabbi Lopatin worked to draft a document endorsing same-gender marriage.
As YCT and the Open Orthodox movement, pursue their course of radical reform of Orthodoxy and continue crossing of all red lines of Orthodoxy, we don’t see people in the Orthodox world protesting.
While we have written previously that these people can no longer be considered Orthodox, in fact they present a very real and present danger to Orthodoxy, which cannot be ignored.
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<urn:uuid:439e2b72-33aa-46ad-84c3-6bb3bfa70494>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://yated.com/open-orthodoxys-expanding-and-dangerous-quest-for-legitimacy/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00076.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.964064
| 2,190
| 1.6875
| 2
|
Unlikely as it sounds, Vietnam has now become a vacation destination.
A Canadian travel agency has put together a package tour - which it claims is a first in North America - to a half dozen spots that only 10 years ago used to crop up regularly on the nightly news.
And an executive of the agency says he thinks a number of those signing up for the tour will be American servicemen who once fought in the places they`ll now be seeing as tourists.
The Vietnam package is the brainchild of Richard Piechowski, a native of Poland and naturalized Canadian who got interested in taking travelers to Vietnam after his Polish brother paid a visit there.
He said he believes Vietnamese authorities agreed to let him set up a tour because his company was Canadian and not American.
But he stressed that Americans, as well as Vietnamese who left the country before the fall of Saigon in 1975, would be welcome on the tours.
The 17-day venture will begin and end in Montreal, where Piechowski`s agency, Go Travel, is. The price will be $1,995 U.S. per person, double occupancy, including air fare from Montreal, all hotels and three meals a day in Vietnam, tours and motorcoach travel and English-speaking guides.
Passengers will fly from Montreal to Bangkok via Warsaw aboard LOT Polish Airlines. They will pick up their Vietnamese visas in Bangkok, before leaving for the first stop, Hanoi.
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Monuments in Kolkata
About - Monuments in Kolkata
Most of the monuments in Kolkata were built during the British era. The entire city is strewn with monuments of cultural and historical significance. Some of the monuments in Kolkata can be compared to the best works of art and architecture across the country. Built mainly be erstwhile British rulers the monuments in this city boasts of the best palaces, forts and bridges.
Below is a list of some of the important monuments in Kolkata
Named after King William III Fort William was built by Robert Clive in the year 1781.
Situated on the banks of the Hooghly River this fort is spread over 532 acres of land. Built in the shape of an octagon this fort offers six gates namely St Georges Chowringhee, Plassey, Calcutta, Water gate, and the Treasury Gate. This fort has the distinction of being the only fort in the world from where not a bullet was fired. The fort is gigantic in size and houses a museum that consists of swords, arms and armors, muskets and machine guns which are kept on display for visitors.
One of the best monuments in Kolkata the Victoria Memorial It was built in 1921 to mark Queen Victoria's 25-year reign in India. A splendid example of British Architecture combined with Mughal motifs this monument is perhaps one of the most magnificent piece of art and architecture in the country. Constructed by Lord Curzon the Victoria Memorial is built entirely of sparkling white marbles that stand gleaming in the dark of the night even today. The monument houses a museum that provides a sneak preview of the life and lifestyle of the British via manuscripts, paintings, , postage stamps, books that date back to the 1870's, statues and sculptures, garments, arms and armaments, sketches and other objects of historical significance
A manifestation of contemporary engineering the Vidyasagar Setu is commonly known as the Second Hooghly bridge. Built over the river Hooghly, this bridge forms a connecting link between Howrah and Kolkata. Built on the lines on International bridges this bridge is constructed on large steel cables that support the structure.
A rare example of Turkish, Egyptian and Syrian architecture the Sahid Minar was built in the year 1848. Also known as Ochterlony Monument this tall monument was built to celebrate the victory of Sir David Ochterlony's victory in the Nepal War (1814-1816). One of the most frequented monuments in Kolkata that is a huge crowd puller is located in Central Kolkata. The Minar offers a comprehensive view of almost the entire city.
The most mesmerizing sights of an edifice built with almost 100 varieties of marble got from different parts of the world the marble Plaace was built in 1835 by Raja Rajendra Mullick, a wealthy zamindar of Bengal. The palace is open to general public while some of its descendants still live inside it. Decorated with beautiful chandeliers, paintings, statues and Eastern urns this monument provides you with a glimpse of royal Bengali living. Mainly used for film shoots these days this monument in Kolkata is thronged by thousands of tourists all the year round.
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Cost of living in Southampton, United Kingdom compared to Albacete, Spain
|Personal Care||+ 11%|
WARNING! This comparison is based on only a few data points. At this point it is only a guess. It is based on 262 prices entered by 22 different people.
These prices were last updated on January 18, 2017. Exchange rate: 1.136 EUR / GBP
Do you live in Albacete? We need your help!
What do you think about this comparison?
Cost of living in Southampton (United Kingdom) is 25% more expensive than in Albacete (Spain)
For example, you would need at least €3,751 (£3,302) in Southampton to maintain the same standard of living that you can have with €3,000 in Albacete.
Recent Prices Added
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- Basic lunchtime menu (including a drink) in the business district in Toledo, Ohio costs $12 (23 minutes ago)
- Public transport in Chicago, Illinois costs $100 (24 minutes ago)
- Basic lunchtime menu (including a drink) in the business district in Seoul costs ₩10,000 (35 minutes ago)
- Monthly rate for domestic cleaning help in Hyderabad costs ₨25 (40 minutes ago)
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The Opportunity Zones Podcast is now on YouTube!
List of Cattaraugus County, New York Opportunity Zones & OZ Funds
Cattaraugus County, New Yorkhas 3 designated Opportunity Zones.
In total these Opportunity Zones have a population of approximately 11,000. That represents 14% of the county’s total population of 76,000.
The median household incomefor Cattaraugus County Opportunity Zones ranges from approximately $28,000 to $51,000.
The adjacent map shows all Opportunity Zones in Cattaraugus County. Click on any Opportunity Zone for additional information.
List of All Cattaraugus County OZs
The table below lists all 3Opportunity Zones in Cattaraugus County. The first two rows show the state wide average and the average for all New York Opportunity Zones.
|Name||County||Median Household Income||Below Poverty Line||Median Home Value||Edu High School||Median Age|
|All of New York||n/a||$72K||13%||$339K||88%||39|
|New York OZ Average||n/a||$42K||22%||$74K||88%||41|
There are no Opportunity Zones in Cattaraugus County.
New York OZ Funds
There are 20QOZ Fundsin the OpportunityDb database with an investment objective that specifically identify New Yorkas a target market. Additional OZ funds may also invest in New York; see a complete list of Opportunity Zone Funds here.
There are no Opportunity Zone Funds in the OpportunityDb databasewith a focus specifically on New York properties.
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Citation(s) from the GunPolicy.org literature library
Bricknell, Samantha. 2008 ‘Criminal Use of Handguns in Australia: Handguns used in homicide.’ Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice (361), p. 3. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology. 14 October
Handguns Used in Homicide
Domestic altercations also contributed to a sizeable proportion of handgun homicides (almost one-quarter) but much less so than for firearm and other homicides, where it was the most important identified motive.
Correspondingly, handgun homicides did not occur as often in residential locations as firearm and other homicides (46% compared with 58% and 60% respectively).
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The Pan-Pacific Festival, one of Honolulu’s biggest annual celebrations, will draw thousands of people to Waikiki from June 7-9. Activities will bring together people from various Pacific Rim cultures to share their music, arts, dance, food and more.
The festival begins at 11 a.m. June 7 and moves into high gear that evening with a block party from 7 p.m. to 10 p.m. along Kalakaua Avenue. It will feature live entertainment on multiple stages, plus craft booths and dozens of food booths and trucks.
Each evening, dozens of hula halau (troupes) from Hawaii and Japan will perform dances at the Hula Mound on Kuhio Beach.
Daily “performing arts showcases” will feature traditional Japanese song and dance as well as more than 25 cultural presentations.
The festival culminates with a colorful parade from 5 p.m. to 7 p.m. June 9 on Kalakaua Avenue from Fort DeRussy to Kapiolani Park. More than 500 participants are expected.
The annual event draws about 100,000 people, about half from abroad.
Info: Pan-Pacific Festival, (808) 926-8177.
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FORTUNE -- When Steve Case first co-founded AOL (aol), few people gave it a chance to succeed. Either it would die from lack of utilization (few people had even heard of the Internet yet) or at the hands of a large incumbent telecom company (such as AT&T). So it's not surprising that he's an optimist.
That sentiment extends to comprehensive immigration reform, which Case has spent the past several years championing as essential to the future of America's entrepreneurial economy.
In a conversation earlier today with Fortune, he says that he remains "cautiously optimistic" that a bill will pass this year, although admits that the government shutdown and debt ceiling debate have cost his cause valuable time and momentum.
"I was a bit more positive about it a couple of months ago, but there are still plenty of people who want to get this done," he explains.
When I suggested to Case that this Congress seems unable to even pass the salt, let alone comprehensive immigration reform, he called me a "cynic." He then brought up those who said AOL would fail, that Hillary Clinton would coast to the 2008 presidential nomination or that the JOBS Act could be passed during a presidential election year (2012). Case also added that, two years ago, few believed the Senate could pass immigration reform (which it did this past June).
The stumbling block, of course, remains the House of Representatives. Case said that he has held positive discussions with several House leaders, including majority leader Eric Cantor (R-VA) and minority leader Nancy Pelosi (D-CA). "There isn't agreement on all of the details, but I think there is agreement on pieces that could pass, like the Dream Act," he says.
Case then reiterated the need for such legislation when the conversation shifted to where recent engineering grads are most likely to seek work (Washington D.C.-based Case is a big proponent of startups launching outside of Silicon Valley). "If they aren't allowed to stay in the country, it doesn't matter."
Sign up for Dan Primack's daily email newsletter on deals and deal-makers: GetTermSheet.com
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US - The evidence for a benefit to the human gut from 'good bacteria' delivered in milk is patchy, according to Mary Ellen Sanders, writing for the California Dairy Foundation.
Live microbes consumed for health benefits have been delivered in milk products for millennia. Is this just a historical coincidence, or are fermented dairy products optimal to deliver a probiotic’s benefits?
More recently, nutritional supplements (capsules, gummies, powders) and other foods (unfermented milks, juices, chocolate, tea) have been used to deliver probiotics.
While we know that probiotic strain and dose can be important, what do we know about the value of consuming one product type over another?
Sanders et al. (2014) discussed this topic at length. A thorough review of the literature on how delivery matrix might affect fecal recovery of a probiotic, probiotic-induced changes in host microbiota, biomarkers and human health endpoints concluded that evidence is spotty and inconclusive.
The impact of delivery matrix on different measures of probiotic function has not been investigated in a systematic manner and direct comparisons using the same strains, doses and assessment methods are lacking.
Two recent studies explored the role milk delivery might play in probiotic functionality. The research group, led by Associate Professor Maria Marco at University of California at Davis, asked three questions:
- Does delivery in milk improve a probiotic’s ability to decrease inflammation associated with colitis? (Lee, Yin et al. 2015)
- Does delivery in milk and low-temperature storage (probiotic dairy products are typically refrigerated) have an impact on intestinal survival of a probiotic? (Lee, Tachon et al. 2015)
- Does delivery in milk and low-temperature storage have an impact on a probiotic’s protein expression? (Lee, Tachon et al. 2015)
The studies were done in mouse models, with the probiotic strain L. casei BL23, comparing milk to a nutrient-free buffer (simulating consumption as a nutritional supplement).
The results show that L. casei BL23 works better at attenuating colitis in a mouse model when delivered in milk than in a nutrient free-buffer.
Further, a milk-based delivery matrix and low-temperature storage conditions (4ºC) led to adaptations that improved probiotic survival in the mouse digestive tract.
In addition, incubation in milk induced over 200 L. casei proteins. Targeted mutation of some of those proteins led to a ‘less fit’ probiotic.
These recent results suggest that dairy may be better for probiotic delivery.
But care should be taken to not over interpret the results, however tempted one may be by the popular press. Some key points:
- Mice are not people. A mouse model enables the researcher to control diet, host genetics and colonising microbiota, resulting in the lack of many confounding factors that plague studies in humans. But, mice have different physiologies than humans. These models are very informative, but findings must be confirmed in humans.
- These studies were conducted with only one strain. Follow up research that expands the findings to other strains will tell us how widely distributed among probiotic strains these effects are.
- Often with probiotic research, models of disease are studied. But it is not clear what meaning such results have when considering how the research relates to the generally healthy human population. Results in a mouse model of colitis do not necessarily tell us much about results in a healthy human.
- These studies compared milk to a nutrient fee buffer. Is dairy a uniquely beneficial delivery matrix, or do other food substrates bolster probiotic performance?
These studies are noteworthy since they shed light on an important question regarding the importance of the delivery vehicle for probiotic functionality.
In a broader context, probiotic function in humans is likely dependent on many factors in addition to delivery matrix, including the individual’s colonizing microbiota, diet, health status, genetics, and the specific probiotic strain and dose. Now we’re one step closer to understanding how to optimise probiotic benefits.
TheCattleSite News Desk
Top image via Shutterstock
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Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models are increasingly being used to project world food markets in order to support forward-looking policy analysis. Such projections hinge critically on the underlying functional form for representing consumer demand. Simple functional forms can lead to unrealistic projections by failing to capture changes in income elasticities of demand. We adopt as our benchmark the recently introduced AIDADS demand system and compare it with several alternative demand systems currently in widespread use in CGE models. This comparison is conducted in the context of projections for disaggregated global food demand using a global CGE model. We find that AIDADS represents a substantial improvement, particularly for the rapidly growing developing countries. For these economies, the most widely used demand systems tend to over-predict future food demands, and hence overestimate future production and import requirements for agricultural products.
food demand, agricultural trade, functional form, demand system, CGE modeling
Date of this Version
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The Amazon Announcement
Amazon’s big announcement in September created quite a splash in the world of children’s writers. Amazon launched Kindle Kids’ Book Creator, which is positioned as a true game changer for children’s writers across the world. Amazon’s new release is a free tool that is designed to help children’s writers create, publish and market illustrated and chapter books in Kindle Stores worldwide.
“Authors want to focus on telling great stories and we want to help them do that. No one should have to be a computer programmer to create a beautiful, illustrated Kindle book for kids. Kindle Kids’ Book Creator makes it easy.” said Russ Grandinetti, Senior Vice President, Kindle.
This new self-publishing tool is a part of Amazon strategy to maintain its dominant control over the indie author market. Amazon hopes to reach out to the authors of children’s books and bring them within the ambit of Amazon publishing industry. Previously Amazon had launched their Kindle Comic Creator application for the indie author community and Kindle Kids’ Book Creator is seen as a companion to that publishing tool.
Decoding Amazon’s Kindle Kids’ Book Creator
The big question for all children’s writers and authors is this – What’s in it for me? Well, these are some of the interesting features of the newly launched publishing software.
· It is free and easy to use; upload a PDF file and the output is a standard Kindle file (.mobi file).
· It allows for import of artwork from popular formats, including jpg, pdf, tiff, png, ppm.
· It has interesting features for the content, including Kindle text pop-ups.
· It allows for use of category, age and grade filters that allows you to target the right audience.
· It allows for book preview on Kindle devices before publishing.
· It ensures book access on all popular devices including computers, tablets and smartphones.
· It gives the author access to Amazon’s powerful marketing system.
Since Kindle Kids Book creator is free and easy to use software, it increases the avenues available to self-publishing children’s writers. Amazon makes money on the sale of the created e-books, not on the e-book creation process. The software gives you the option of creating in landscape mode for traditional picture books and portrait mode for other categories of children’s books (easy readers, middle grade and young adult). This option is extremely convenient if you have created a book with double page spread illustrations. The use of text pop-ups allows for interesting additions to the content and makes for a comfortable reading experience even on small devices.
Some authors love it
It’s still early days but there are plenty of children’s authors out there who have given the Kindle Kids Book Creator the thumbs up. There is near unanimity about the software having an easy, hassle-free design which makes for a quick and simple learning curve.
Among the early birds is children’s author Niki Alling who recommends it highly, “The new Kindle Kids’ Book Creator is exactly what I’ve been looking for. I was able to create fun pop-ups with ease. I have plans to upgrade my existing children’s books with this new tool, and to use it with future books.”
Children’s author and illustrator Michele Lynn Seigfried says: “As a self-published author, doing all the work myself and being no technical expert, I found this so easy to use. It will definitely save me time and money when I publish my future books.”
But watch out for…….
But there are also many cautionary voices amidst the children’s authors. And there is some feedback about some of the less user-friendly features.
· A Single Platform Product is the greatest drawback of Amazon’s Kindle Kids’ Book Creator. The only output possible with this software is a .mobi file. This restricts the upload of the book to KDP, the Amazon platform and excludes it from the other popular platforms like iBook, Nook, Smashwords that require an ePUB file. After all the efforts a children’s writer puts into creating an e-book, the end-product is limited to a single platform; which is a bit of a let-down by Amazon.
· There is some disappointment about the limited layout and formatting tools. The text interactivity (pop-ups) is very basic and auto orientation is not available (locked to portrait and landscape mode). The images are auto-resized without input and so it is not possible to select your own image resolution.
· Another major problem on Amazon is the delivery cost, a fee that is based on the file size of the ebook. This makes it difficult to price illustrated ebooks at the lower end of the spectrum since a well-illustrated ebook tends to have a larger file size. For an ebook to be competitive, the price has to substantially lower than the print book, a strategy that is difficult to implement with high delivery costs.
· Creating Illustrations for the Kindle illustrated books is not something the software addresses. So unless you are an author and illustrator, you will still need to a professional illustrator to complete your illustrated eBook and bring it out on Amazon. But this is just a minor hiccup since it is not too difficult to get low-cost illustrations without compromising on the quality of the illustrations. So you can complete the illustrated version of your book project without going bankrupt.
Getting started with Kindle Kids’ Book Creator
The design of Kindle Kids’ Book Creator is extremely user-friendly which makes its usage simple and intuitive. The software can be downloaded from the Amazon site and there is a handy little tutorial on the site which gives you a quick run through. Once you have a basic idea of what to expect, you can give it a whirl, using the menu to guide you through. In case of any roadblocks, just browse online for help. The writing communities online are awash with tutorials, advice, tips and problem resolutions for the novice self-publishing children’s author. With practice and experience, you should have no problem in using Kindle Kids’ Book Creator for all your future eBook projects.
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Page, Alan Cedric
Page, Alan Cedric
Alan Cedric Page, former Minnesota Vikings football star, has served as an associate justice of the Minnesota Supreme Court since 1993. Page gained athletic fame as one of the four "Purple People Eaters" for the Vikings' defense who were essential to the team's ten division titles and four Super Bowl appearances during the 1960s and 1970s. While still employed full-time as a professional football player, Page attended the University of Minnesota Law School full-time and graduated in 1978. He is the first and only African-American supreme court justice in the state of Minnesota.
One of four children of Georgianna Umbles and Howard Felix Page, Alan Page was born on August 7, 1945, in Canton, Ohio, the home of the Pro Football Hall of Fame. His mother, a country club attendant, and his father, a bar manager, always emphasized the importance of learning. They instilled strong values in him, and Page looked up to his parents as role models.
Page was an outstanding athlete in high school, but even at a young age, his aspirations went beyond the gridiron and into the courtroom. Page admired U.S. Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall and was a fan of the Perry Mason television show. He told Parade Magazine in 1990 that he viewed sports not as a goal, but as a means to achieve an education. "Even when I was playing professionally," he said, "I never viewed myself as a football player. There's far more to life than being an athlete."
"At the very best, athletic achievement might open a door that discrimination once held shut. But the doors slam quickly on the unprepared and the under educated."
Page graduated from the University of Notre Dame in 1967 with a B.A. in political science. At Notre Dame, he was an All-American defensive end and played on the school's 1966 national championship team. Chosen in 1967 by the Vikings as their first-round draft choice, Page went on to earn the Most Valuable Player award in the National Football League in 1971. In the NFL, he played the position of defensive tackle. He logged fifteen seasons with the Vikings and Chicago Bears, starting in each of the 236 games he played during his career before retiring in 1981. He was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1988 and to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1993.
After graduating from law school in 1978, he joined the law firm of Lindquist and Vennum in Minneapolis, where he specialized in labor and employment litigation from 1979 to 1984, over-lapping with his final years in the NFL. He served as assistant attorney general for the state of Minnesota from 1987 to 1993.
Page established the Page Education Foundation in 1988 to increase the participation of minority youth in post-secondary education and work-readiness activities. Scholarship recipients tutor kindergarten through eighth-grade students for eight to ten hours each month during the school year while attending post-secondary school, thus creating a pyramid influencing younger students of color as mentors and role models.
Page regularly speaks to minority students about the importance of education. He also encourages adults to influence children to look at the values and good examples of hard work that decent Americans provide every day for "creating and sustaining hope for the future." He noted, "These are not the heroes who offer hope with promises of winning the lottery, becoming a rap star, or pulling down backboards and endorsement contracts in the NBA. These are simply men and women who get up every morning and do the things that citizens do."
Page was appointed to the Minnesota Supreme Court in 1993. In his 1998 re-election campaign, an opponent charged that Page's foundation activities violated canons regarding the judicial appearance of impartiality. The ethics complaint showed that donations to the scholarship fund had soared in recent years and that some of the contributors included companies and law firms with cases pending before the Minnesota Supreme Court. Page said that he refused to help raise funds and that he intentionally avoided any knowledge of his contributors. The complaint also charged that awarding scholarships only to minorities violated the judicial canon prohibiting any expressions of bias or prejudice. In February 1999, the Minnesota Board of Judicial Standards cleared Page of any ethics violations in the matter.
Page was in the news in 2000 when he was ticketed for driving with expired automobile license tabs, which is a sticker affixed to the license plate each year as proof that the owner has paid the annual license fee. He demanded a trial on the $57 fine, although the fine would have been reduced to $28 if he had agreed to pay. In court, Page's attorney offered documentation that his client had mailed a check for the tabs weeks before he received the ticket. The Minneapolis City Attorney's office argued that Page had an obligation to stay off the road until he received his tabs. However, the court ruled in Page's favor, finding that Page should not have been penalized for the state's delay.
Page has received a number of honors, both for his playing days and for his activities after retirement from the NFL. He was a recipient of the Dick Enberg Award and became a member of the Academic All-American Hall of Fame. He was named by the Star Tribune of Minneapolis and St. Paul as one of the 100 most influential Minnesotans in the twentieth century. He also has received honorary doctor of laws degrees from Notre Dame, St. John's University, Westfield State College, and Luther College.
While playing for the Vikings, Page married Diane Sims. They have four children.
Page, Alan. 1993. "A Message You May Not Hear In Law School" (lecture). Ohio Northern University Law Review 20 (fall-winter).
Starr, Cynthia, et al. 1994. "Home Court Advantage." ABA Journal 80 (February).
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Austrian composer, cellist, pianist and teacher Franz Schmidt was born on 22 December 1874 in what is now Bratislava, to Hungarian and Austro-Hungarian parents. The family moved to Vienna in 1888, and Schmidt studied at the conservatory there with Robert Fuchs, Ferdinand Hellmesberger and Anton Bruckner.
His first job was as a cellist with the Vienna Court Opera Orchestra, often playing under Gustav Mahler, for whom he played all the cello solos, even though he wasn't the principal player.
In 1914 he became a piano professor at the Vienna Conservatory. By 1925 he had become director, and by 1927 the rector. He taught piano, cello, counterpoint and composition, and influenced many musicians who later became famous. He was slow to develop his own technique as a composer, but his reputation began to grow from the 1890s onwards, leading eventually to the oratorio The Book with Seven Seals (1935-7).
Declining health meant that he retired from the Academy in 1937 and he abandoned a commission from the Nazis to write a German Resurrection cantata in favour of two smaller commissions for pianist Paul Wittgenstein. Schmidt died on 11 February 1939.
A selection of M&V articles about Franz Schmidt
Ensemble. Vividly Projected - The Sitwell Singers' fiftieth anniversary concert, heard by Mike Wheeler
Tonal Clarity - An organ recital by Daniel Gottfried impresses Mike Wheeler
Musicianship and Restraint - Tom Corfield's organ playing impresses Tony Westerman
Admirably Projected - Simon Hogan plays the organ at Derby Cathedral, impressing Tom Corfield
Ensemble. Wonderfully Atmospheric - Górecki, Chilcott, Thompson and Bernstein from Malcolm Goldring and the Sitwell Singers, heard by Mike Wheeler
Technique and Musicianship - Tony Westerman is impressed by the organ playing of Tom Corfield
Ensemble. Apocalypse Now - Franz Schmidt's 'The Book with Seven Seals', reviewed by Giuseppe Pennisi
Convincingly Handled - Tom Corfield plays the organ of Derby Cathedral, heard by Mike Wheeler
Record Box. Craftsmanship and Spirit - Symphonies by James Cohn, heard by Patric Standford
A bombshell - Roderic Dunnett talks to Austrian conductor Franz Welser-Möst about Franz Schmidt's Book with Seven Seals
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Auburn is a city in and the county seat of Androscoggin County, Maine. Auburn and Lewiston are known as the Twin Cities. Lewiston is located across Androscoggin River. Its population at the 2010 census was 23,055.
Shoe manufacturing was a popular industry in the nineteenth century. This declined after the World War II.
The city has three museums, a festival ground, and beautiful riverside gardens. The Good Shepherd Food Bank distributes food to agencies across the state from its main warehouse in Auburn.
The town population predominantly comprises White Americans.
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AP CALCULUS AB
AP CALCULUS BC
New course offerings are based on student interest
See MS Mathematics
As an extension of Algebra I, the Algebra II Course is designed to build a mathematical foundation for students who are preparing for college entrance exams and/or will take Precalculus next. Topics to be covered include equations and inequalities, quadratic functions and factoring, polynomials and polynomial functions, rational functions, exponential and logarithmic functions, radical functions, complex numbers, sequences and series, probability, and statistics. Students will develop more concepts beyond basic algebra and enrich problem-solving skills, for which an emphasis on applications and use of graphing calculators will be integrated throughout the course.
The Geometry Course is designed primarily for the 9th grades to develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills by connecting concepts to practical applications. Topics to be covered include parallel and perpendicular lines, angles, congruent and similar triangles, right triangles, the Pythagorean Theorem and trigonometry, quadrilaterals, polygons, transformations, circles and arc, area, surface area and volume of 3-dimensional solids. Students will acquire and demonstrate knowledge of concepts, properties, and applications of the topics listed above as well as develop the computational skills and strategies as needed to solve problems.
The Precalculus Course is designed to build a rigorous foundation for students who will be going on to Calculus and/or other advanced math courses. With emphasis on both analytic and graphical analysis along with the use of graphing calculators, the course will lead students through an advanced study of trigonometric functions, exponential and logarithmic functions, conic sections, matrices, vectors, polar coordinates and functions, sequences and series, and will conclude with an introduction to the concept of limits and the difference quotient. Students will deepen their understanding of all the concepts and properties and focus on the mastery of problem-solving skills as required for success in subsequent math courses.
AP CALCULUS AB
This course is designed to cover the concepts, applications, and problem-solving techniques of calculus so that students can develop creative problem-solving skills as needed to take the AP Calculus AB Exam administered by The College Board. Topics include limits and their properties, definition and fundamental properties of differentiation, applications of differentiation, Riemann integrals and fundamental theorems of calculus, applications of integration, calculus of transcendental functions, and differential equations.
AP CALCULUS BC
AP Calculus BC is an extension of AP Calculus BC designed to cover further concepts, applications, and problem-solving techniques of calculus so that students can develop creative problem-solving skills as needed to take the AP Calculus BC Exam administered by The College Board. Topics include further integration techniques [e.g., integration by parts, improper integral, etc.], calculus of parametric equations and polar coordinates, infinite series, and series representation of functions.
Discrete Mathematics is designed to develop the ability to think abstractly. Topics include the logics of compound and quantified statements, number theory and methods of proof, sequences and mathematical induction, set theory, relations and functions, counting and probability. Students will discover that the ideas of discrete mathematics underlie and are essential to the science and technology of the computer age. They will also develop a solid foundation for computer science and advanced level math courses.
LINEAR ALGEBRA (2021-2022 SCHOOL YEAR)
Linear Algebra is designed to study systems of linear equations and properties of matrices, of which concepts and applications in other disciplines, like physics and engineering, are extremely useful. Students will develop a good understanding of the following topics and their applications: systems of linear equations and their matrix representation, matrix operations including inverses, determinants and their properties, vector spaces, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, linear transformations, and least-square problems.
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Attacks on the Press in 1997 - Pakistan
|Publisher||Committee to Protect Journalists|
|Publication Date||February 1998|
|Cite as||Committee to Protect Journalists, Attacks on the Press in 1997 - Pakistan, February 1998, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/47c56545c.html [accessed 23 October 2016]|
|Disclaimer||This is not a UNHCR publication. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it necessarily endorse, its content. Any views expressed are solely those of the author or publisher and do not necessarily reflect those of UNHCR, the United Nations or its Member States.|
Political crisis, ethnic conflict, and an uncertain future continued to plague the press in Pakistan as regionalism and sectarian movements took their toll on the media.
Although Pakistan's minister of information, Mushahid Hussain Sayed, assured CPJ in a meeting in New York on September 25 that the Pakistani government supports press freedom, Prime Minister Mohammad Nawaz Sharif – elected in February after waging a campaign that led to the ouster of Benazir Bhutto in November 1996 on charges of corruption and human rights abuses – leads a government that hovers on the fringes of repression. Backed by Gen. Jehangir Karamat, Prime Minister Sharif, emerged from a three-month power struggle involving the president and the chief justice, who had moved to oust the prime minister on charges of contempt of court. On December 2, President Farooq Ahmed Leghari resigned and Chief Justice Sajjad Ali Shah was removed by other supreme court justices. Amidst the country's golden jubilee celebrations, on August 14, Sharif enacted the Anti-Terrorism Act (ATA), a harsh martial law-style response to factional violence in the Punjab region between rival Sunni and Shi'a political groups. The new law allows military authorities to arrest "suspected terrorists" without warrant and even, in loosely defined circumstances, to shoot on sight those "committing a terrorist act" or "likely to commit a terrorist act."
In an incident that illustrates the lengths to which Pakistani military authorities can go in prosecuting security "crimes," a military court sentenced Humayun Fur, bureau chief of the Peshawar-based Urdu-language daily Mashriq, to five years in prison for relaying state secrets to a foreign diplomatic mission in Islamabad. Fur had been kidnapped by military authorities on June 28, and then held incommunicado for several weeks before he was tried.
Press freedom conditions deteriorated dramatically in Sindh Province, where continued clashes between the provincial government and the United National Movement (Muttahida Quami Movement or MQM), the armed opposition party of Urdu-speaking Indian immigrants, left at least 400 dead in the city of Karachi.
The Sindh National Front party (SNF), headed by Mumtaz Bhutto, former prime minister Bhutto's uncle, repeatedly subjected Sindhi newspapers to attack, harassment, and other forms of intimidation. In one case, SNF party members brutally beat Shakeel Naich, a reporter for the Sindhi-language daily Awami Awaz, after he published an article critical of Mumtaz Bhutto. In mid-September, a number of reporters were injured when police broke up a march of more than 300 journalists and media workers who were protesting the escalating attacks on press freedom in Sindh Province.
Journalists also report that in rural areas, where the political structure remains semi-feudal, powerful landlords subject journalists who publish investigative reports that could expose corruption in local governments to intimidation and harassment.
Despite ongoing political, ethnic, and sectarian conflicts, the Pakistani press remains vital. Condemning the escalating attacks on the press, local journalist associations and newspaper unions have demonstrated a firm commitment to protecting the rights of their colleagues and to securing press freedom in the country.
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OSHA’s Safe Workplace + Sound Business Campaign Enters Year Two
The Safe + Sound Campaign aims to support companies in improving safety and health in your workplace in 2018. The effort encourages every workplace in the United States to have a safety and health program that includes management leadership, worker participation, and a proactive approach to finding and fixing hazards. No matter where you are on the road to developing a program in your workplace, it’s easy to take a step in the right direction. During the year, the Safe + Sound Campaign will support employer efforts through periodic safety and health program messaging and communications; live, publicly available, no-cost webinars; access to content from Campaign organizers (CPWR, AIHA, ASSE, OSHA, NIOSH, NSC, and VPPPA); and local events to create communities to support safety and health program development. The focal point of the Campaign, Safe + Sound Week, will be held Aug. 13-19, 2018.
Here are a couple items that can help you get started today:
- Take a look at OSHA’s list of 10 easy things to get a safety and health program started.
- Use OSHA’s new tool, That Was No Accident! Using Your OSHA 300 Log to Improve Safety and Health to see how looking back at past incidents can move your safety and health program forward.
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6 March 2013
Knowledge is Power
An individual can be considered dangerous without causing direct physical harm to another individual. In the essay Superman and Me, Sherman Alexie describes his childhood growing up on an Indian reservation. There, being able to read and write was an oddity, but Alexie was determined to teach himself despite the circumstances. Children learning to be literate, however, was not highly regarded in the Spokane Indian Reservation where he grew up. Alexie's claim that a literate person—especially a member of any group that has experienced discrimination—is a dangerous individual is correct.
The definition of the word dangerous will vary from person to person. Alexie states, “A smart Indian is a dangerous person, widely feared and ridiculed by Indians and non-Indians alike,” (Alexie 6). Based on Alexie's use of the word, he proves that a literate (smart) person is dangerous. In the context he provides, Alexie believes that a discriminated group of individuals, in this case Indians, acts differently because other people would resent them if they were knowledgeable.
Alexie goes on to describe himself and other children growing up. “As Indian children, we were expected to fail in the non-Indian world. Those who failed were ceremonially accepted by other Indians and appropriately pitied by non-Indians,” (Alexie 6). Here Alexie suggests that it was normal for Indian children to be illiterate. In fact, becoming literate was strongly discouraged. Because Alexie believed that a smart Indian person was considered dangerous, he understood that a child's submissive behavior was an attempt to fit the stereotype: that Indians were not supposed to be smart.
Alexie, however, chose to challenge that stereotype when he said, “I refused to fail … I was arrogant,” (Alexie 7). He states that he was being arrogant to teach himself to read and write. Understanding that he was going against the typical behavior of...
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Jewelry Auctions are Excellent Deals
Let’s face it: rings, necklaces, bracelets, earrings, and other jewelry items carry some of the highest markups in the retail industry. That’s why most people prefer to shop the sales and only purchase jewelry that has been marked down significantly. Knowing that sales crop up at each holiday like clockwork, you would have to be really desperate, wealthy, or ignorant to pay full price for a piece of jewelry rather than waiting for the sale.
Fortunately, there is an even better alternative to shopping retail sales: jewelry auctions. When you shop at auction, you get amazing discounts plus the ability to shop any time of the year. This makes jewelry auctions excellent deals for consumers who are willing to spend a bit of time educating themselves about jewelry and browsing auctions for the pieces that appeal to them.
Types of Jewelry Auctions
Jewelry auctions fall into a couple of major categories, each one of which has its own quirks. The first type of auction is an overstock auction. This means that the auction company has acquired their jewelry items from retail stores that ordered too much of a given product. At this type of auction, you can literally purchase the exact same pieces you would find in a store, for up to 80 percent less than the retail price. Overstock auctions are typically very trustworthy in their jewelry descriptions, because they have a deep knowledge of the jewelry industry, and because their pieces come from retail stores with documentation.
The next type of auction is a seized property auction. In this type of auction, the jewelry comes from the collection of an individual or business that has lost their property due to legal action of some sort. They may have declared bankruptcy, or they may be liquidating their assets in order to pay a fine. This type of jewelry auction also offers excellent deals, because there is usually an “everything must go” attitude in effect.
One last type of auction is a private sale. This could be an estate sale, or an auction of individual pieces on a site like eBay. Private auctions often have higher prices, because the individual selling the jewelry is trying to make a bigger profit, and they usually don’t feel much pressure to sell at a low price. Private auctions can be risky, because you are relying on the word of the seller as to the quality and value of the piece. Ideally, you should avoid private auctions of items that do not carry an official appraisal from a third party.
Reserve and No-Reserve Auctions
Before you make a bid at a jewelry auction, make sure you understand whether or not there is a reserve, or minimum sale price, on the item. Some jewelry auction sites will mix reserve and no-reserve auctions right on the same results page, so you have to be careful. Most of the time, no-reserve auctions offer the best chance to get a great deal on jewelry because the bidding starts as low as $1. A reserve auction, on the other hand, will have the bidding start at a predetermined price that may not leave much room for bidding up the price while still getting a good deal.
Advantages of Buying at Auction
Of course, the biggest advantage of buying jewelry at auction is the opportunity to get great deals. In order to make sure you really get a good deal, however, you need to set some limits. Don’t let other bidders push you over your budget! Also, remember to factor in the cost of shipping when setting your budget.
Another advantage is the wide variety of jewelry available. This is especially true of estate or seized auctions, because there could be antique or foreign pieces involved that you wouldn’t find at your local jewelry store.
One more advantage is the ability to do price comparisons at multiple sellers without even leaving your home. You won’t waste time or gas driving from one location to another like you would when shopping in person. Instead, you can do everything right from your computer, and compare prices at auctions around the world. You can also visit retail jewelry sites to compare the auction price to the retail price.
Disadvantages of Auctions
The biggest disadvantage of buying jewelry at auction is that you don’t get to handle the jewelry in person. Some auction sites are better than others about describing the jewelry, and of course there will be photos, but sometimes jewelry just looks different when you try it on! You can help minimize this disadvantage by visiting stores, handling jewelry, and familiarizing yourself with different gems, carat weights, precious metals, types of closures and settings, etc. This will help you understand the online jewelry descriptions better once you return to the auction sites.
Another potential disadvantage of bidding in auctions is that you don’t get your jewelry immediately. Different auctions allow different time windows for bidding. If you hate waiting, you can minimize your wait time by only bidding on one-day auctions or on auctions that are just hours away from closing.
When to Shop at Auctions
Jewelry auctions are excellent deals because they offer the chance to get a low price. However, in order to get the best price, you have to be patient. This means that you probably shouldn’t shop at auctions when you’re desperate to get jewelry right away, say for a birthday, anniversary, or other event that you need a last-minute gift for. When you’re desperate to buy, you will be more likely to keep bidding past your budget.
Getting good prices at auction also requires an understanding of the value of different types of jewelry. Therefore, you should only shop at auction after familiarizing yourself with the jewelry industry.
Unless you are a true jewelry expert, you should approach jewelry as a pleasure, not as an investment. This will help you avoid the pitfall of purchasing jewelry you think is a great deal because you can resell it for a higher price. There is no guarantee you will be able to do this! The average shopper should stick to purchasing jewelry they love. If you love it enough to make the winning bid, then that is a great deal for you!
Now that you know a little more about jewelry auctions, start exploring and finding your great deals!
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Let’s see what you would do for this magical Would You Rather Wednesday!
WOULD YOU RATHER:
have a magic wand OR a magical cape?
know how all tricks are done OR have to keep guessing?
brew a magical potion OR say a magical spell?
pull a rabbit out of a hat OR a dove from a handkerchief?
ride a broomstick to school OR be able to disappear at home and reappear at school?
Leave your answers (or add some of your own) in the comment section below!
– Ashley, email@example.com
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307 US 22 Kessler v. Strecker
307 U.S. 22
59 S.Ct. 694
83 L.Ed. 1082
KESSLER, District Director of Immigration and Naturalization,
Argued Feb. 10—13, 1939.
Decided April 17, 1939.
Messrs. Robert H. Jackson, Sol. Gen., and Frank Murphy, Atty. Gen., for petitioner.
Messrs. Whitney North Seymour, of New York City, and C. Altheus Stanfield, of Hot Springs, Ark., for respondent.
Mr. Justice ROBERTS delivered the opinion of the Court.
The respondent is an alien who entered the United States in 1912 and has since resided here. In 1933 he applied for naturalization to a United States District Court in Arkansas. He made certain admissions to a District Director of Naturalization as a result of which naturalization was withheld and his case was referred to the Department of Labor.
November 25, 1933, the Second Assistant Secretary of Labor issued a warrant for the respondent's apprehension, in which it was recited that he was in the United States in violation of law in that (1) he believes in, advises, advocates or teaches the overthrow, by force or violence, of the Government of the United States; (2) he is a member of, or affiliated with, an organization, association, society, or group that believes in, advises, advocates or teaches the overthrow, by force or violence, of the Government of the United States; (3) he is a member of, or affiliated with, an organization, association, society, or group that writes, circulates, distributes, prints, publishes or displays, or causes to be written, circulated, distributed, printed, published or displayed, or that has in its possession for these purposes written or printed matter advising, advocating or teaching the overthrow, by force or violence, of the Government of the United States; and (4) after his entry into the United States he has been found to have become a member of one of the classes of aliens enumerated in Section 1 of the Act of October 16, 1918, as amended by the Act of June 5, 1920, to wit: an alien who is a member of, or affiliated with, an organization, association, society or group that believes in, advises or teaches the overthrow, by force and violence, of the Government of the United States.
The respondent was apprehended and was given hearings before an Immigration Inspector, at which he was represented by counsel and testified in his own behalf. The Government offered in evidence transcripts of his examination by the Naturalization Bureau, of an interview with him by an Immigration Inspector, and his membership book in the Communist Party of the U.S.A., issued November 15, 1932, with stamps affixed showing payment of dues to the end of February, 1933. The rules of the party, set forth in the book, provided that a failure to pay dues for three months automatically results in the loss of membership, and it is admitted there is no evidence respondent continued to be a member after March 1, 1933.
The book contained printed matter stating the purposes and objects of the party. The Government also offered a copy of a magazine called 'The Communist', dated April 1934, and read into the record excerpts from articles appearing therein. The respondent admitted that he joined the Communist Party in November 1932, asserted that his membership terminated prior to March 1, 1933, and had never been renewed, and professed ignorance of the magazine called 'The Communist' and its contents. In some respects his testimony as to his beliefs and actions was contradictory of his statements on prior examinations, and testimony was elicited from him in an effort to show that his denial of present affiliation with the Communist Party might not be made in good faith; but there was no sufficient evidence to sustain that conclusion. After a review of the record by the Board of Review of the Department of Labor, a warrant of deportation was issued by the Assistant Secretary which recites an affirmative finding as to each of the counts in the warrant of arrest and orders the respondent's deportation.1
The respondent petitioned a federal district court in Arkansas for a writ of habeas corpus to deliver him from the custody of the Immigration Inspector. The writ was denied. Thereafter he filed the petition in the instant case in the District Court for Louisiana. In this petition he alleged that he had not been accorded a fair hearing; that the Department of Labor had not correctly construed the immigration laws applicable to his case; that the findings were without support in the evidence; that he had been denied due process of law, and that he is not a citizen of Poland, to which the warrant directed his remission. The District Court dismissed the writ. The respondent appealed to the Circuit Court of Appeals assigning error to the District Court's action in denying each of his contentions. That court found that the hearings had been fair, but held that each of the findings recited in the warrant was without support in the evidence. The court was of opinion the evidence failed to show that the respondent is now a member of the Communist Party or that he or that party, in 1933, taught, advocated, or incited the overthrow of the Government by force and violence, and that the record was bare of evidence to countervail his denial that he had ever taught or believed in the unlawful destruction or overthrow of the Government by force. The court held that the Acts of 1918 and 1920 were passed to meet a situation caused by crises in Russia in 1918 and 1919;2 that the major changes in policy and conduct of the Soviet Socialist Republics which had taken place between 1918 and 1933 rebutted the implications arising from membership in the Communist Party at the time the Acts were adopted; that mere membership in that party in 1933 is not a statutory ground for deportation. The order of the District Court was reversed and the cause was remanded for further proceedings not inconsistent with the opinion.3
The Government moved for a rehearing, pressing specially the contention that the overwhelming weight of authority is to the effect that membership in the Communist Party is sufficient to warrant deportation. The petition was entertained, the judgment was amended to provide: 'Reversed, with directions to try the issues de novo as suggested in Ex parte Fierstein (C.C.A.) 9 Cir., 41 F.2d 53, at page 54'; and a rehearing was denied.4 Judge Sibley dissented on the ground that on the basis of the respondent's membership book which refers to the Third Communist Internationale, the court could take judicial notice of the objectives and programs of the Communist Party and the Third Internationale.
The United States petitioned for certiorari, asserting that the single question presented is 'whether the court below erred in failing to sustain an order of deportation against respondent, an alien who in 1932 became a member of the Communist Party of the United States.' In its specification of errors to be urged the Government enumerated (1) the holding that an alien who became a member of the party in 1932 is not, by reason of that fact, subject to deportation; (2) the holding that the evidence before the Secretary of Labor concerning the principles of the party was insufficient to sustain the order; (3) the remand for a trial de novo in the District Court, and (4) the failure to affirm the judgment of the District Court. As reason for the granting of the writ the Government urged a conflict of decision on the question whether membership by an alien in the Communist Party of America subjects him to deportation. By reason of the allegation of conflict and the action of the Circuit Court of Appeals in ordering a trial de novo in the District Court, we granted the writ. 305 U.S. 587, 59 S.Ct. 102, 83 L.Ed. —-.
The Government does not attempt to support the warrant of deportation on the second and third grounds therein specified, namely, that the respondent 'is a member of or affiliated with' an organization described in the Act. The only evidence of record is that his membership ceased months before the issue of the warrant for his arrest. The contention is that respondent is deportable because, after entry, he became a member of a class of aliens described in Section 1 of the Act, to wit, a member of the Communist Party, an organization membership in which is made a cause of deportation because the organization believes in, advocates, and teaches the overthrow of the Government of the United States by force and violence. This contention presents the question whether the Act renders former membership in such an organization, which has ceased, a ground of deportation. Respondent insists that the statute makes only present membership in an organization described in the Act such ground.
Section 1 of the Act of October 16, 1918, as amended in 1920,5 has to do with the exclusion of alien immigrants and specifies five classes, members of which may not be admitted to the United States. One of these classes—subsection (c)—includes 'aliens who believe in, advise, advocate, or teach, or who are members of or affiliated with any organization, association, society, or group, that believes in, advises, advocates, or teaches * * * the overthrow by force or violence of the Government of the United States * * *.'
Section 2 of the Act of 1918,6 which was not altered by the Act of 1920, deals with deportation. It provides that 'any alien who, at any time after entering the United States, is found to have been at the time of entry, or to have become thereafter, a member of any one of the classes of aliens enumerated' in Section 1, shall, upon warrant of the Secretary of Labor, be taken into custody and deported, in the manner provided by law.
Relying on the phrases italicized in the quotation, the Government insists that the section embraces an alien who, after entry, has become a member of an organization, membership in which, at the time of his entry, would have warranted his exclusion, although he has ceased to be a member at the time of his arrest. We hold that the Act does not provide for the deportation of such an alien. This conclusion rests not alone upon the language, but, as well, upon the context and the history of the legislation.
The phrase 'at any time' qualifies the verb 'found'. Thus, if at any time the Secretary finds that at entry the alien was a member, or has thereafter become and is a member, he may be deported. The natural meaning is that, as the alien was excludable for present membership, he is deportable for present membership subsequently acquired. The Government's construction, which collocates the phrase 'at any time' with the phrase 'or to have become thereafter' is unnatural and strained. If Congress meant that past membership, of no matter how short duration or how far in the past, was to be a cause of present deportation the purpose could have been clearly stated. The section does not bear this import.
By the first section of the Act, as amended in 1920, aliens are to be excluded who are members of a described organization. The section does not require the exclusion of those who have been in the past, but are no longer, members. When the Congress came to provide for deportation, instead of again enumerating and defining the various classes of aliens who might be deported, it provided that if at any time it should be found that an alien had been admitted and, at the time of admission, was a member of any of the proscribed classes, or had thereafter become such, he should be deported. It is not to be supposed that past membership, which does not bar admission, was intended to be a cause of deportation. And the fact that naturalization is denied to an alien only on the ground that he 'is a member of or affiliated with any organization entertaining' disbelief in or opposition to organized government, and not for past membership or affiliation,7 lends added force to this view.
In the absence of a clear and definite expression, we are not at liberty to conclude that Congress intended that any alien, no matter how long a resident of this country, or however well disposed toward our Government, must be deported, if at any time in the past, no matter when, or under what circumstances, or for what time, he was a member of the described organization. In the absence of such expression we conclude that it is the present membership, or present affiliation—a fact to be determined on evidence—which bars admission, bars naturalization, and requires deportation. Since the statute deals not only with membership in an organization of the described class, but with affiliation therewith and, as well, with belief and teaching, it enables the Secretary of Labor, as trier of the facts, fully to investigate and to find the true relation, belief and activity of the alien under investigation.
The legislative history of the statute supports this conclusion. By Act of March 3, 1903,8 Congress directed the exclusion of 'anarchists, or persons who believe in or advocate the overthrow by force or violence of the Government of the United States,9 * * *' and also of any 'person who disbelieves in or who is opposed to all organized government, or who is a member of or affiliated with any organization entertaining and teaching such disbelief in or opposition to all organized government * * *.'10 The only section authorizing deportation of such persons is directed to an alien found to have entered in violation of the Act, if proceeded against within three years after entry.11 These provisions were reenacted without alteration in the Act of February 20, 1907.12
The first legislation authorizing deportation of persons who had entered lawfully is H.R. 6060, enacted by the 63rd Congress but vetoed by President Wilson January 28, 1915.13 This bill required deportation of 'any alien who within five years after entry shall be found advocating or teaching' the defined doctrines. It also altered existing law in respect of deportation of those who had entered illegally to provide that 'at any time within five years after entry, any alien who at the time of entry was a member of one or more of the classes excluded by law' should be deported.
A bill, in substance the same, was introduced in the 64th Congress and enacted February 5, 1917, over Presidential veto.14 While this measure was in course of passage, the Chairman of the House Committee in charge of it moved, on behalf of the Committee, to amend section 19 by inserting the phrase 'at any time' so that the section should provide for deportation of 'any alien who at any time after entry shall be found advocating or teaching' forcible overthrow of the government. The Act, as adopted, was in this form. The purpose of the amendment was to make plain that no time limit was fixed for deportation of aliens found advocating the doctrine.15 The Act of 1917 was amended by that of October 16, 1918, here under consideration, which, by its title, purported to apply to 'aliens who are members of the anarchistic and similar classes. * * *'
Section 1 enlarged one of the classes of excludable aliens by the addition of the words 'aliens who are members of or affiliated with any organization that entertains a belief in, teaches, or advocates the overthrow by force or violence of the Government of the United States * * *.' Section 2 modified the earlier Act in respect of deportation, both in form and substance. The provision for deportation of those who, at the time of entry, were members of one of the proscribed classes was retained, but the five year period of limitation within which deportation might be had was eliminated.16 The provision for deportation of aliens of anarchistic and similar classes was expanded by including as causes of deportation all the causes of exclusion enumerated in Section 1 which were themselves much broader than those included the 1917 Act. Thus, although there was no provision in the Act of 1917 for deportation of aliens who did not personally advocate the proscribed doctrine, but were members of an organization which did, the Act of 1918 embodied such a provision. This alteration, and the elimination of the five year time limitation, were the important changes, relevant to the question under examination, which the Act of 1918 effected in the earlier legislation. These modifications lend no support to the contention that Section 2 of the Act of 1918 was intended to make quondam membership a ground of deportation.
Nor is there anything in the formal alteration worked by the Act of 1918 which leads to a different conclusion. Section 19 of the Act of 1917, 8 U.S.C.A. § 155, dealt in distinct clauses with the various classes of aliens who might be deported, specifying in one clause an alien 'who at the time of entry was a member (of one or more) of the classes excluded by law' and, in another clause, an alien 'who at any time after entry shall be found advocating or teaching' the obnoxious doctrines. Section 2 of the Act of 1918 combined the clauses dealing with the two groups in a single sentence, with a somewhat different locution. We think this consolidation was not intended to alter the substantive law as it theretofore stood.
The only decisions which support the Government's position are those in the Second Circuit.17 We cannot approve their reasoning or result. It is claimed that the administrative construction has always accorded with the Government's contention in the present case. We cannot find that there has been such a uniform construction as requires an interpretation of the Act in accordance with that view. The administrative construction seems to have been in favor of the respondent's view until after the decision in the Yokinen case,18 and the construction seems to have been changed in deference to the decision in that case.19
Our reading of the statute makes it unnecessary to pass upon the conflicting contentions of the parties concerning the adequacy of the evidence before the Secretary concerning the purposes and aims of the Communist Party or the propriety of the court's taking judicial notice thereof.
The Solicitor General suggests that the evidence is sufficient to sustain the warrant of deportation on the first ground therein stated, namely, that the respondent believes in and teaches the overthrow, by force and violence, of the Government of the United States. It is said that the error of the Circuit Court of Appeals in reversing the District Court is, in this aspect, so plain that we should notice it, although the petition does not present the question. We have the power to do this in the case of plain error,20 but we exercise it only in clear cases and in exceptional circumstances.
We do not know on what grounds the District Judge's action rested since he wrote no opinion. The Circuit Court of Appeals held the evidence insufficient to support the Secretary's finding. We think that the record does not justify a reversal of the holding of the court below upon this point.
The Circuit Court of Appeals remanded the cause to the District Court for a trial de novo. In this we think there was error. The proceeding for deportation is administrative.21 If the hearing was fair, if there was evidence to support the finding of the Secretary, and if no error of law was committed, the ruling of the Department must stand and cannot be corrected in judicial proceedings.22 If, on the other hand, one of the elements mentioned is lacking, the proceeding is void and must be set aside.23 A district court cannot upon habeas corpus, proceed de novo, for the function of investigation and finding has not been conferred upon it but upon the Secretary of Labor. Only in the event an alleged alien asserts his United States citizenship in the hearing before the Department, and supports his claim by substantial evidence, is he entitled to a trial de novo of that issue in the district court.24 The status of the relator must be judicially determined, because jurisdiction in the executive to order deportation exists only if the person arrested is an alien; and no statutory proceeding is provided in which he can raise the question whether the executive action is in excess of the jurisdiction conferred upon the Secretary.25
It follows from what has been said that, as the Secretary erred in the construction of the statute, the writ must be granted and the respondent discharged from custody.
The judgment of the Circuit Court of Appeals is accordingly modified and the cause is remanded to the District Court with instructions to proceed in conformity with this opinion. So ordered.
Mr. Justice McREYNOLDS (dissenting).
Mr. Justice BUTLER and I cannot acquiesce in the disposition of this cause or in the supporting opinion just announced. It seems worthwhile briefly to indicate our views.
More than five years have passed since the alien respondent was arrested and ordered to show why he should not be deported. The record of the following proceedings before the Labor Department and in the courts, printed on eighty-four pages, is before us. It is not very difficult to understand. Without question we have power finally to dispose of the cause upon the merits notwithstanding any omissions or defects found in the petition for certiorari. In the circumstances, we think that course should be taken. The District Court upon another view of the record can ascertain nothing not open to us.
If this alien is guiltless of the charge against him he should be liberated without more ado; if guilty, the public should be relieved of his presence now. That he is an undesirable is made manifest.
The construction of the statute adopted by the Court seems both unwarranted and unfortunate. If by the simple process of resigning or getting expelled from a proscribed organization an alien may thereby instantly purge himself after months or years of mischievous activities, hoped-for protection against such conduct will disappear. Escape from the consequences of deliberate violations of our hospitality should not become quite so facile.1
Seven years ago, the Circuit Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, construed the statute under consideration in United States ex rel. Yokinen v. Commissioner of Immigration, 57 F.2d 707, 708. There the alien had been expelled from the Communist Party before his arrest, and for that reason he unsuccessfully claimed exemption. The following excerpts from the court's opinion, with force and directness, express our view concerning the true meaning of the enactment—
'It is true that he was not a member of the Communist Party when arrested. He had recently been expelled because of his attitude toward negroes, but that did not remove him from the reach of the statute. We have nothing to do with shaping the policy of the law toward aliens who come here and join a proscribed society. Congress has provided that 'any alien who, at any time after entering the United States, is found to have been at the time of entry, or to have become thereafter, a member of any one of the classes of aliens enumerated in this section' shall be deported. 8 U.S.C.A. § 137(g). This alien concededly did become after entry a member of 'one of the classes * * * enumerated' and from that time became deportable. We are urged to ameliorate the supposed harshness of the statute by reading into it words that Congress saw fit to leave out and interpret it to apply not to aliens who became members, but only to those who become and continue to the time of their arrest to be members, of one of the enumerated classes. If the words used in the statute were equivocal or the intention of Congress for any reason uncertain, there might be room for such a construction as that for which the appellant now contends. Perhaps the sufficient answer is that had Congress intended membership at the time of arrest to be the criterion it would have said so. It has the power to determine what acts of an alien shall terminate his right to remain here. Skeffington v. Katzeff et al. (C.C.A.) 277 F. 129. What it did do was to make the act of becoming a member a deportable offense without regard to continuance of membership and it did that in language so plain that any attempt to read in any other meaning is no less than an attempt to circumvent the law itself.
'Since the appellant admittedly had, after entry, become a member of a proscribed organization, the undisputed evidence required the order from which this appeal was taken. All proof upon which he was held to be affiliated with the Communist Party was unnecessary, and while we do not mean to intimate that any evidence on that phase of the case was unfairly received and considered, in any event it did him no harm.' A petition for certiorari asking this Court to review the judgment of the Circuit Court of Appeals was refused October 10, 1932, 287 U.S. 607, 53 S.Ct. 11, 77 L.Ed. 528. It stressed the point that—'A fair and proper construction of the statute requires that it be confined in its operation to aliens who are members of or affiliated with a proscribed organization at the issuance of the warrant of arrest.'
The unusual importance of the question was not difficult to appreciate.
In the presence of clear and positive expression of Congressional intent to the contrary we do not feel at liberty to conclude that an alien who after entry has shown his contempt for our laws by deliberately associating himself with a proscribed organization must be allowed to remain if he resigned or was debarred a day, a month or a year before his arrest. An experienced court years ago declared that would be 'no less than an attempt to circumvent the law itself.'
The delay in this case is due to the fact that respondent was born an Austrian subject but was refused reentry into that country on the ground that the place of his birth is now in Poland. Protracted negotiations on the part of the Department were required to obtain the consent of the government of Poland to his return to that country.
That this view is erroneous is shown by the history of the legislation referred to infra, 305 U.S. page 30, 59 S.Ct. page 698, 83 L.Ed. page —-. Compare, House Report 504, 66th Cong., 2nd Sess., p. 7; Senate Report 648, 66th Cong., 2nd Sess., p. 4.
5 Cir., 95 F.2d 976.
5 Cir., 96 F.2d 1020.
Act of Oct. 16, 1918, c. 186, 40 Stat. 1012, as amended by the Act of June 5, 1920, c. 251, 41 Stat. 1008, U.S.C. Tit. 8, § 137(a) to (e), 8 U.S.C.A. § 137(a—e).
40 Stat. 1012, U.S.C. Tit. 8, § 137(g), 8 U.S.C.A. § 137(g).
Act of June 29, 1906, c. 3592, § 7, 34 Stat. 596, 598, 8 U.S.C.A. § 364.
32 Stat. 1213.
Sec. 2, 32 Stat. 1214.
Sec. 38, 32 Stat. 1221.
Sec. 21, 32 Stat. 1218.
34 Stat. 898, §§ 21 and 38, pp. 905, 908.
House Document No. 1527, 63rd Cong., 3rd Sess.
39 Stat. 874.
See 53 Cong.Rec. Part. 5, p. 5165, 64th Cong., 1st Sess.; Sen.Rep. 352, p. 14, 64th Cong., 1st Sess. to accompany H.R. 10384.
House Rep. 645, 65th Cong., 2nd Sess.
United States ex rel. Yokinen v. Commissioner of Immigration, 57 F.2d 707; United States ex rel. Mannisto v. Reimer, 77 F.2d 1021.
House Rep. 504, p. 9, 66th Cong., 2nd Sess. Hearings Communist and Anarchistic Deportation Cases, H.R. 66th Cong., 2nd Sess. Subcommittee of Committee on Immigration and Naturalization, April 21, 24, 1920, p. 17.
See letter of Secretary of Labor embodied in Senate Rep. 769, 75th Cong., 1st Sess.
Zakonaite v. Wolf, supra; United States ex rel. Tisi v. Tod, 264 U.S. 131, 133, 44 S.Ct. 260, 68 L.Ed. 590.
Strecker, born in Poland in 1888, was admitted to the United States in 1912.
He joined the Communist Party November, 1932 but paid no dues subsequent to February, 1933. He claims that under the Party rules failure to pay for four weeks causes membership to cease. Warrant for his arrest issued in November, 1933.
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Antony Mason reports on the appearance of Angus Hanton in the latest episode of this BBC Radio 4 series, which focused on Inheritance
The BBC Radio 4 series “Poorer Than Their Parents”, presented by the American financial “guru” Alvin Hall, has had something of a rough ride. Divided into four parts and scheduled to replace Money Box over the summer, it was bumped off its Saturday slot by the emergency return of Money Box to cover the crisis in the Euro Zone, which in turn has been overshadowed in the news by the spate of urban unrest.
Nevertheless, Part 3 has now been broadcast (Wednesday 10 August 15:00), and is available on iPlayer. The subject was “Changing Patterns of Inheritance”, and Alvin Hall looked at the way in which these matched his general theme for the series: that the majority of people in Britain now feel that the next generation will be worse off than their parents.
Angus Hanton of the Intergenerational Foundation made two contributions. The first was to point out how longevity has made family structures “thinner and taller”, with increasing numbers of living great-grandparents and fewer children in each generation.
Often great-grandparents and grandparents will leave their legacies to one generation below them, who may actually be in their 50s or 60s, whereas it is the next generations, perhaps in their 20s or 30s, who most need help.
Angus also explained how the housing market, with soaring values that have far outstripped the rises in salaries or the stock market, has provided windfall profits for the older generation. These are very lightly taxed when owners come to sell. In addition, it is the younger generations – who customarily buy these houses from older people as they downsize – that have to pay for these windfall profits, and may spend most of their lives doing so.
The older generations cannot really be blamed for this unfair situation, except for the fact that the market forces that have shaped it are strongly influenced by government policy – of governments that they elect.
Elsewhere, Alvin Hall found that, contrary to expectations, the older generation is very aware that the young stand to get a raw deal, and are doing what they can to mitigate this – and also that the younger generation are not as resentful as might be expected.
Efforts to hand down assets to the next generation can be frustrated by government policy, such as the limitations on gifts that may be subject to inheritance tax if the donor dies within seven years.
Hall also investigated the way that householders have been turning to equity release, or “home income plans”, to raise loans against the value of their homes in order to fund gifts to the next generation – for instance to permit children or grandchildren to put down a deposit on a home.
His conclusion was that such loans are very expensive relative to their value – and that the best gift that any parents can make is to make sure that they are financially secure themselves and do not run the risk of being dependent on their children in later life.
Part 4 of “Poorer than Their Parents” will focus on the vexed intergenerational issue of Housing, and is scheduled to be broadcast at 12:00 on Saturday 13 August, and again at 15:00 on Wednesday 17 August.
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Water has the power to make or break civilization. Delhi’s water crisis gives us a glimpse into the power wielded by this most significant natural resource.
While the AAP government promises to provide 666 litres of water per day per household, around 32 per cent of households do not have piped water connections, sewerage systems and proper sanitation facilities, reports India Today.
A survey conducted in 12 major slums of Delhi by Citizens Solidarity, a social organisation, revealed the following:
24×7 water is not a priority for most respondents; adequate supply of water and toilets in home is.
The respondents are even willing to pay a “reasonable” amount for the same.
People in the areas are shelling out anywhere between Rs.30 and Rs.300 a month to tankers and the mafia for their water needs.
Toilets are the biggest concern for residents of the surveyed areas.
Currently, users of public toilets pay Rs.30-120 per month per family for using community toilets.
The survey also found that the government’s promise is not pragmatic because:
A family of around 5 members consumes 450 litres per day while an 8-member family consumes over 1000 litres.
One will have excess water while the other will have a shortage. Ensuring the basic needs of the people is absolutely essential for Delhi, especially as the summer season has just started.
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Seatoun & Worser Bay, 1923
Reference Number: 1/2-047346-G
View looking north over Seatoun towards Worser Bay, taken in 1923 by Sydney Charles Smith of Wellington.
Smith, Sydney Charles, 1888-1972 : Photographs of New Zealand, Reference Number PA-Group-00242 (1258 digitised items)
Extent: 1 b&w original negative(s)Dry plate glass negative 4.75 x 6.5 inches.
Conditions governing access to original: Not restricted
Other copies available: File print available in Pictorial Reference Service41. Wellington. Seatoun. 1923(PFP-011742)
Inscriptions: Inscribed - Marginal notes on negative - centre left: WN186, Seatoun & Worser Bay, T, Box 116; Photographer's title on negative - bottom right: WN186
Usage: You can search, browse, print and download items from this website for research and personal study. You are welcome to reproduce the above image(s) on your blog or another website, but please maintain the integrity of the image (i.e. don't crop, recolour or overprint it), reproduce the image's caption information and link back to here (http://mp.natlib.govt.nz/detail/?id=21895). If you would like to use the above image(s) in a different way (e.g. in a print publication), or use the transcription or translation, permission must be obtained. More information about copyright and usage can be found on the Copyright and Usage page of the NLNZ web site.
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H.R.910 - Energy Tax Prevention Act of 2011112th Congress (2011-2012)
|Sponsor:||Rep. Upton, Fred [R-MI-6] (Introduced 03/03/2011)|
|Committees:||House - Energy and Commerce | Senate - Environment and Public Works|
|Committee Reports:||H. Rept. 112-50|
|Latest Action:||04/08/2011 Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Environment and Public Works. (All Actions)|
|Roll Call Votes:||There have been 11 roll call votes|
This bill has the status Passed House
Here are the steps for Status of Legislation:
- Passed House
Summary: H.R.910 — 112th Congress (2011-2012)All Bill Information (Except Text)
Passed House amended (04/07/2011)
Energy Tax Prevention Act of 2011 - Amends the Clean Air Act to prohibit the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) from promulgating any regulation concerning, taking action relating to, or taking into consideration the emission of a greenhouse gas (GHG) to address climate change. Excludes GHGs from the definition of "air pollutant" for purposes of addressing climate change.
Exempts from such prohibition: (1) implementation and enforcement of the rule, "Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emission Standards and Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards" and finalization, implementation, enforcement, and revision of the proposed rule, "Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards and Fuel Efficiency Standards for Medium- and Heavy-Duty Engines and Vehicles"; (2) implementation of the renewable fuel program; (3) statutorily authorized federal research, development, and demonstration programs and voluntary programs addressing climate change; (4) implementation and enforcement of stratospheric ozone protection to the extent that such implementation or enforcement only involves class I or II substances; and (5) implementation and enforcement of requirements for monitoring and reporting of carbon dioxide emissions. Provides that none of such exemptions shall cause a GHG to be subject to regulations relating to prevention of significant deterioration of air quality or considered an air pollutant for purposes of air pollution prevention and control permits.
Repeals and makes ineffective the following rules and actions:
- "Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gases"
- "Endangerment and Cause or Contribute Findings for Greenhouse Gases Under Section 202(a) of the Clean Air Act"
- "Reconsideration of Interpretation of Regulations That Determine Pollutants Covered by Clean Air Act Permitting Programs" and the memorandum, "EPA's Interpretation of Regulations that Determine Pollutants Covered by Federal Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) Permit Program"
- "Prevention of Significant Deterioration and Title V Greenhouse Gas Tailoring Rule"
- "Action To Ensure Authority To Issue Permits Under the Prevention of Significant Deterioration Program to Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Finding of Substantial Inadequacy and SIP Call"
- "Action To Ensure Authority To Issue Permits Under the Prevention of Significant Deterioration Program to Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Finding of Failure To Submit State Implementation Plan Revisions Required for Greenhouse Gases"
- "Action to Ensure Authority To Issue Permits Under the Prevention of Significant Deterioration Program to Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Federal Implementation Plan"
- "Action to Ensure Authority to Implement Title V Permitting Programs Under the Greenhouse Gas Tailoring Rule"
- "Determinations Concerning Need for Error Correction, Partial Approval and Partial Disapproval, and Federal Implementation Plan Regarding Texas Prevention of Significant Deterioration Program"
- "Limitation of Approval of Prevention of Significant Deterioration Provisions Concerning Greenhouse Gas Emitting-Sources in State Implementation Plans"
- "Determinations Concerning Need for Error Correction, Partial Approval and Partial Disapproval, and Federal Implementation Plan Regarding Texas Prevention of Significant Deterioration Program; Proposed Rule"
- Any other federal action under such Act occurring before this Act's enactment that applies a stationary source permitting requirement or an emissions standard for a GHG to address climate change
Prohibits the Administrator from waiving, and invalidates waivers given by the Administrator before the enactment of this Act, the ban on states from adopting or enforcing standards relating to the control of emissions from new motor vehicles or engines with respect to GHG emissions for model year 2017 or any subsequent model year.
Expresses the sense of Congress that: (1) there is established scientific concern over warming of the climate system; (2) addressing climate change is an international issue, involving complex scientific and economic considerations; and (3) the United States has a role to play in resolving global climate change matters on an international basis. Urges Congress to fulfill such role by developing policies that do not adversely affect the American economy, energy supplies, and employment.
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Similarly, What foods are high in prebiotics?
You Should Eat These 19 Prebiotic Foods Chicory is a root vegetable. Chicory root derives from a dandelion-like blooming plant. Greens from dandelion flowers. Dandelions are a flowering plant family whose greens may be cooked or eaten raw. Jerusalem artichoke is a kind of Jerusalem artichoke. Garlic.\sOnions.\sLeeks. Asparagus. Bananas.
Also, it is asked, What is the best way to get prebiotics?
Prebiotics may be found in a variety of meals, including vegetables, fruits, and whole grains. You won’t need supplements if you eat a diversified diet since you’ll obtain enough of prebiotics from the foods you consume. Dandelion greens provide 3.5 grams of fiber per 100 grams, including inulin.
Secondly, What is prebiotics example?
Depending on the meal, the major kind of prebiotic fiber may change. Beta-glucans are abundant in oats and barley, pectins are found in fruit and berries, seeds contain gums, inulin and oligofructose are abundant in onions and Jerusalem artichokes, and resistant starch is found in bananas and legumes.
Also, Is coffee a prebiotic?
Coffee or its ingredients, according to Dr. Bibiloni of NutraIngredients.com, may only be deemed a prebiotic if there is a health benefit linked with their ingestion.
People also ask, Is Sweet Potato a prebiotic?
Prebiotics are found in many high-fiber meals. Chicory, garlic, leeks, onion, asparagus, and Jerusalem artichokes are examples of foods rich in prebiotics (sunchokes). Bananas, whole wheat, yams, and sweet potatoes also contain them in smaller levels.
Related Questions and Answers
Are blueberries a prebiotic?
Blueberries are nutrient-dense fruits. Blueberries are also a well-known prebiotic, and their intake in the form of fresh, frozen, dried, or supplement form promotes good digestion, reduces inflammation, and helps to prevent intestinal dysbiosis.
What are prebiotic drinks?
Prebiotic soda is a fizzy soda substitute. It attempts to give you with a delightful yet healthy soft drink while also providing prebiotics to your stomach. Prebiotics have been shown to improve gut health, and a healthy gut boosts immunity.
Are carrots prebiotic?
Carrots are high in beta-carotene and have prebiotic qualities. Another strategy to boost prebiotic content is to include bright vegetables like carrots or squash in every meal. Beta-carotene is an antioxidant found in carrots that helps to prevent cancer and enhance eyesight.
Is broccoli a prebiotic?
Broccoli, onions, cauliflower, leafy greens, spinach, kale, avocado, and berries are all high in prebiotics. Prebiotics, such as inulin, chicory root, or fructo-oligosaccharides, are included in certain probiotic supplements.
Is honey a prebiotic?
Honey is also being considered as a possible prebiotic since it contains oligosaccharides that encourage the development of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, as well as antimicrobial components that may work in tandem with probiotics to combat infections.
Is yogurt a prebiotic?
Yogurt and sauerkraut, for example, contain probiotics. Whole grains, bananas, greens, onions, garlic, soybeans, and artichokes are all high in prebiotics.
Is Rice a prebiotic?
Even when reheated, cooked rice, like potatoes, retains its prebiotics. It also has RS3 starch in it. Enjoy the prebiotic benefits of white rice that has been cooked and cooled.
Is peanut butter a prebiotic?
Proanthocyanidins, polyphenols, and fiber are some of the prebiotic substances found in nuts (including peanuts). Some of these prebiotic substances have been shown to activate hormones in the gut while also raising the quantity of bifidobacterium and lactobacillus, according to research (good bacteria).
Is celery considered a prebiotic?
Celery, on the other hand, is high in fiber (read: prebiotics), vitamin K (29 percent /serving), and has a decent amount of vitamin C (4 percent ; not ideal, but great if you’re in a place where high vitamin C foods aren’t as readily available), so it’s been shown to help prevent a variety of health conditions like scurvy and
What greens are prebiotics?
Allium vegetables such as onions, leeks, garlic, and spring onions include prebiotic components such as flavonoids, which have been found to favorably affect our gut microbiota and boost immune function and metabolism (16)
Can I drink lemon water with probiotics?
Another fast suggestion is to avoid taking probiotics with acidic meals or beverages. Strongly acidic foods and beverages, just like stomach acid, might harm the sensitive microorganisms.
What are the symptoms of a leaky gut?
What are the signs and symptoms of having a leaky gut? A burning sensation in your stomach, as if you had an ulcer. Intestinal mucosa loss causes painful indigestion. Diarrhea. Fermentation by enlarged bacteria in your stomach causes gas and bloating. Low energy due to a decreased capacity to extract energy from diet.
How do I heal my gut?
There are seven things you can do to improve your gut health. Reduce your level of anxiety. High levels of stress have a negative impact on your whole body, including your stomach. Make sure you get adequate rest. Slowly eat. Keep yourself hydrated. Take a probiotic or prebiotic supplement. Check for dietary sensitivities. Alter your eating habits.
Is Cabbage a prebiotic?
It’s worth noting that cabbage is an excellent prebiotic food, which means the fiber in it feeds the healthy bacteria in our big intestines. So, if you’re feeding your stomach excellent bacteria-rich foods like yogurt and kefir, make sure you’re also feeding the bacteria some good cabbage.
Is dark chocolate a prebiotic?
Because dark chocolate is a gut-friendly prebiotic, it works best in conjunction with probiotics. When you combine a probiotic with dark chocolate, the number of healthy gut bacteria (probiotics) rises, and they have something to consume for energy (prebiotics), allowing them to perform at their best for our gut and general health.
Is garlic a prebiotic?
Garlic may be utilized as a natural prebiotic in feed at a concentration of 1.0 percent to boost growth performance, according to studies . However, there are few research on the utilization of garlic as a synbiotic with Lactobacillus acidophilus.
Are Quaker Oats a prebiotic?
Oats are high in fiber and whole grain, as well as the prebiotic fiber beta-glucan.
Is cheese a prebiotic?
Cheeses are great probiotic carriers because of their low acidity and high fat content, which helps to retain and nourish the bacteria as they travel through the digestive system. Probiotic-rich cheeses are either aged or prepared from raw, unpasteurized milk.
Is pineapple a prebiotic?
These findings imply that pineapple by-products have prebiotic qualities and might be used in novel functional food formulations on a commercial scale.
Is brown rice prebiotic?
GBR (germinated brown rice) is a putative prebiotic with anticancer properties.
Do prebiotics make you poop?
Prebiotics have been shown to improve stool consistency, the frequency of bowel movements, and bloating in patients with persistent idiopathic constipation.
Are tomatoes a prebiotic?
Natural prebiotics like fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin may be found in foods including tomatoes, bananas, onions, and artichoke hearts. In the colon, both FOS and Inulin are broken down (fermented) (large intestine).
Are salad greens prebiotic?
Greens. Kale (Brassica oleracea acephala), spinach (Spinacia oleracea), and chard are examples of greens (Beta vulgaris). Prebiotics are abundant in these veggies, which also include important nutrients including vitamin A, vitamin C, fiber, and potassium.
Prebiotics are foods that contain a type of fiber called “inulin” or “chicory root extract.” These fibers have the ability to feed good bacteria in your gut. Probiotics are foods that contain “lactobacilli” and other types of beneficial bacteria.
This Video Should Help:
Prebiotics are foods that contain the fiber oligosaccharides. Probiotics are live bacteria and yeasts that help in digestion, nutrient absorption, and immune system health. Reference: prebiotics and probiotics foods.
- prebiotic foods list pdf
- probiotic foods
- prebiotics supplements
- prebiotic fiber foods
- prebiotics benefits
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Allison Transmission is pleased to announce that in partnership with GILLIG and Cummins, the first buses equipped with its Allison eGen FlexTM electric hybrid propulsion system have arrived at the Indianapolis Public Transportation Corporation (IndyGo).
The eGen Flex is the next generation of Allison’s proven H 40 EPTM electric hybrid propulsion system, which has been operating in select IndyGo buses since 2004. In addition to the benefits provided by the H 40 EP, such as improving fuel consumption by up to 25% versus a conventional diesel bus, the eGen Flex provides revolutionary capabilities which include full electrification range.
The eGen Flex, which is paired with the Cummins B6.7 engine in GILLIG buses, is capable of traveling in electric-only mode for up to 10 consecutive miles or 50 minutes before converting back to hybrid propulsion. This electric-only mode can be utilized multiple times per route and per day. The eGen Flex can operate up to 50% of the time in engine off mode while still powering auxiliary systems like air conditioning and heat at optimal efficiency. The system’s electric-only mode is activated through geofencing technology and eliminates engine emissions and noise while loading and unloading passengers in dense pedestrian areas, zero-emission zones and at Indianapolis’ public transportation hub, the Julia M. Carson Transit Center.
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AUSTIN (KXAN) – Austin Water Utility’s pipelines lost more water in 2020 than in the previous 12 years, but utility officials said the city’s water losses were still within an acceptable range.
Austin Water Utility’s pipelines lost more than 7.34 billion gallons of water – that is, gallons of physical water that leaked from the distribution system. That total does not include an additional 1.51 billion gallons of “face loss,” which are accounting losses taken on paper, according to Austin Water Services water loss audit subject to Texas Water Development Council.
To perspective, 7.34 billion gallons is over 22,555 acres of feet of water. Lady Bird Lake has volume of approximately 7,151 acre-feet of water. The leaked Austin water system could have filled the downtown lake three times, according to TWDB measurements and records. An acre-foot of water can cover an acre in a foot of water.
Austin’s water loss totals have tended to increase over the past decade, but Austin water officials have said the city is still within a normal operating limit. In 2019, KXAN investigated the city’s water losses, finding that the system had lost more than 6 billion gallons.
According to one measure, called the Infrastructure Leakage Index or ILI, Austin’s water loss is still “appropriate,” the utility said.
Austin’s leak rating last year was 4.22, according to the audit.
“For a utility like Austin Water, an ILI of between 3 and 5 is considered appropriate,” Austin Water said in an email. “However, with an increase in our ILI from 2019, Austin Water is taking an aggressive approach to water loss so that we stay within the normal range.”
A leakage rating of 4.22 is the closest to the city over the past decade to 5, which is the upper limit of an acceptable range, according to the city.
A lower leakage rating means that a utility has less preventable water loss.
The leakage index is calculated with a formula that integrates the length of the city’s water pipes, the pressure in the system and the number of connections. The leak index is independent and is unaffected by the amount of water demand and the city’s population, according to Austin Water.
Austin Water said it was putting in place programs and tools to improve its ILI, including a program to replace deteriorating cast iron water pipes that tend to leak. The city also expects its “advanced metering infrastructure” to be completed within the next four years. This will help with pressure management and leak detection and should also help reduce the leak index, according to Austin Water.
John Sutton, director of TWDB’s water conservation program, said the leaks were inevitable.
“No matter how tight your system is, you will always have leaks,” Sutton said. “And so that’s kind of called allowable leaks.”
Public water supply systems are required to submit water loss audits to TWDB, Sutton said.
“It gives them an idea of what’s been going on in the last year within their system,” he said. “The data requested as part of the audit helps identify areas where water loss may occur, where a utility can consider mitigation measures. “
Sutton said two other important metrics to check in audits are actual and apparent “normalized” water loss. These measurements show the number of gallons lost per connection per day.
Austin audits show both numbers are at their highest in the past eight years. Austin lost the equivalent of 82.37 gallons of actual water per connection per day last year, according to the audit.
TWDB provides the audits to regional water planning groups to help them strategize for future water needs. In addition, if a utility asks TWDB for financial assistance for a water supply program, TWDB can review its water loss audits. Certain water loss thresholds must be respected. If not, TWDB may require the utility to include funds to address this issue or request a waiver if it is already addressing the issue, Sutton said.
February’s devastating winter storm caused leaks throughout the city, but Austin Water officials don’t expect this event to have a major effect on total water loss. This is because most of the water leaks were lost on the customer side of the water meters, so these customer losses would not show up as water losses in the utility audit.
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The Offset Printing
Offset printing is the most commonly used printing method today. More than 50% of all printing jobs is using offset printing technique.
Offset printing works with a simple manner. Offset printing uses three cylinder to transfer the printed image to the substrate. First cylinder in offset printing is mounted with offset printing plate. The image on offset printing plate is readable. The first cylinder inked and transfer image onto the rubber blanket (second cylinder). The image in rubber blanket is unreadable. After that image transferred from rubber blanket onto third cylinder or the substrate. Substrate is mounted on the third cylinder or The Impression Cylinder. The image in Impression Cylinder becomes readable again.
Image in offset printing have a unique characteristic, the printed image and non-printed image are on same surface level. The printing method used a chemical process that ink and water not mixed from a single surface level. In fact, offset printing acquired this method from lithography and thus it is often referred to as litho offset printing as well.
The types of offset printing press.
Offset printing have two types. 1. Web-fed offset printing press. This kind offset printing press the printing carried out on a single continous sheet of paper feed from a huge roll paper. The sheet then cut into individual sheet of desired sizes, depend on the order of offset printing. 2. Sheet-fed offset printing press. In this kind offset printing press the printing carried out on single sheet paper as they fed to the press one at a time.
The offset printing process.
The offset printing processs requires a fairly large investment in equipment and set up. But, once infrastructure is in place, offset printing is inexpensive. Many things to know about offset printing process from creating the artwork for offset printing to the operating the offset printing machine press and binding.
Application of offset printing
Offset printing invades every aspect of our lives from influencing education through the printing of books and other reading material to the packaging industry by creative printing of packages for consumer goods. The many application of offset printing would be difficult to put down but suffice to say that the world would be a much less fun place to live in without offset printing. For example, you never read magazine or newspaper, if offset printing industry never been founded. Thus, offset printing is the printing technique that has made magazine possible, books affordable and marketing and promotion for many industry.
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Flag of Cuba.jpg 4,946pages on this wiki Add New Page Edit History Talk0 Size of this preview: 640 × 320 pixels. Other resolution: 320 × 160 pixels. Full resolution (799 × 399 pixels, file size: 10 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) About File History Metadata There is no description yet. Add a description. Appears on these pages of Nuclear Planet (Map Game) Hello!!! This is a Map Game Created by Miroslav. It is hopefully gonna be fun, thanks for having... War in Nicaragua (Malformedmule) War in Nicaragua (Malformedmule) Part of the North American wars Date February 27, 2091 ... See full list > File history Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. Date/TimeThumbnailDimensionsUserComment current10:03, June 18, 2012799 × 399 (10 KB)Dremord (wall | contribs) Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details may not fully reflect the modified file. Author Owner Date and time of data generation 03:03, June 18, 2012 Date and time of digitizing 03:03, June 18, 2012 DateTimeOriginal subseconds 98 DateTimeDigitized subseconds 98 Read more This page is under construction The North American Union, commonly known as North America is a... North American Union (Malformedmule) The Socialist Party of Canada was a Canadian socialist political party that existed from its... Socialist Party of Canada (Malformedmule) The 2050 Canadian coup attempt is seen as one of the most iconic moments of Canadian history... Scenario: Successful Canadian Coup d'etat (Malformedmule) Retrieved from "http://future.wikia.com/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cuba.jpg?oldid=41416" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you’ve made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected.
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« AnteriorContinuar »
one-third of one cent for each word for messages of over ten words received between the hours of six o'clock A. M. and six o'clock P. M., and one sixth of one cent per word for messages received between the hours of six o'clock P. M. and six o'clock A. M. to be transmitted as special reports for newspapers. [Id., $1352.]
SEC. 523. That no person, company or corporation shall charge or receive any fee for delivering any message within the incorporated limits of any city or town, nor within one-half mile of any receiving office. But if any message be delivered more than one-half mile from such receiving office and outside of any incorporated city or town, then the person, company or corporation delivering such message shall be entitled to a fee of twenty-five cents for delivering, and ten cents per mile each way, in excess of the first mile, for the distance actually and necessarily traveled in delivering such message. [Id., § 1353.]
SEC. 524. Every person, company or corporation engaged in the business of receiving and transmitting telegraphic messages for the general public within this state shall, upon the payment or tender of the rates chargeable under this act, receive, transmit and deliver any message offered or tendered for transmission to any point along the line or lines owned or operated by such person, company or corporation without delay. And when two or more connecting telegraph lines are operated by different persons, companies or corporations, any message tendered to the person, company or corporation operating either of said lines shall, upon payment or tender of the legal charges under this act for transmitting the same, be received and transmitted to the proper office of the first connecting line without delay; and each of the connecting lines over which the same must be transmitted shall receive such message from such other connecting line and transmit the same to the next connecting line in regular order without delay, until the same shall have reached the place of its final destination to be delivered. [Id., § 1354.]
SEC. 525. When any message shall be transmitted over more than one line, the charges collectible under this act for transmitting the same shall be divided equally between the several lines over which such message is transmitted and paid to the several connecting lines, unless otherwise agreed between the operators of said several connecting lines. [Id., § 1355.]
SEC. 526. No person, company or corporation engaged in the business of receiving and transmitting telegraphic messages for the general public shall, either directly or indirectly, furnish or divulge to any person other than the one to whom the same was sent the contents of any message so received and transmitted, unless the person to whom the same shall have been divulged was duly authorized by the person to whom the same was sent to receive said message or the contents thereof. And no such person, company or corporation shall give any special or lower rate or rates, or any free service, to any person, firm, company or corporation not given to all other persons for the same or like service, except as otherwise provided in this act. [Id., § 1356.]
SEC. 527. Any person, company or corporation engaged in the business of receiving and transmitting telegraphic messages within this state refusing, failing or neglecting to receive (either from the person sending the same or any connecting line), transmit, and deliver, without unnecessary delay, any message offered for transmission, after the legal charges under this act for transmission and delivery have been paid or tendered, or refusing, failing, or neglecting to transmit and deliver, without unnecessary delay, any message received for transmission and delivery, either from the person sending the same or any connecting line, shall forfeit and be liable to the person sending or trying to send such message and to the person to whom the same was sent or directed, in the sum of one hundred dollars each, as damages, to be recovered in a civil action by each of said parties in any court of competent jurisdiction, together with a reasonable attorney's fee in each court into which said action
may be taken, by appeal or otherwise. This section shall not in any manner affect the rights of such persons to recover actual damages for failure to send or deliver such message, in addition to the forfeiture herein provided for. [Id., § 1357.]
SEC. 528. Any person, company or corporation, or any agent, servant or employé of any person, company or corporation violating any of the provisions of this act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction be punished by a fine of not less than fifty dollars nor more than five hundred dollars, and imprisonment in the county jail not less than thirty days nor more than one year. [Id., § 1358.]
Stations in Cities of 50,000 Inhabitants.-SEC. 529. That every telegraph company or other corporation operating a telegraph line through or into the corporate limits of cities of the first class is hereby required to establish and maintain a telegraph station in each of said cities of the first class containing fifty thousand inhabitants or over, with the usual facilities and appointments for the convenience of the inhabitants of said cities, during the hours from eight o'clock in the forenoon until twelve o'clock midnight of each day, and deliver messages to the inhabitants thereof at all of such hours free of extra charge therefor. [Laws 1903, ch. 514, §1.]
SEC. 530. Any telegraph company, or any manager, agent or employé thereof, who shall fail or neglect to keep said station open or deliver messages as provided for in section 1 of this act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine not to exceed five hundred dollars or by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding six months. [Id., § 2.]
XV. TELEPHONE COMPANIES.
SEC. 531. All such corporations shall have all the rights and powers conferred, and be subject to all the liabilities and duties imposed by, the general laws of this state upon telegraph corporations. [G. S. 1901, § 1252.]
XVI. TRUST COMPANIES.
Powers. SEC. 532. Any trust company heretofore or hereafter organized and incorporated under the general corporation laws of the state of Kansas may exercise and enjoy any or all of the privileges named hereafter, by complying with the requirements of this act. [G. S. 1901, § 1466.]
Purposes.-SEC. 533. The purposes for which trust companies may be formed are: To receive moneys in trust, and to accumulate the same at such rate of interest as may be agreed upon, or to allow interest thereon, not exceeding in either case the legal rate; to accept and execute all such trusts and to perform all such duties of every description as may be committed to them by any person or persons, or by any corporation, association, or company, or by the order of any court of record in this state or any other state or of the United States; to take and accept, by grant, assignment, transfer, devise, or bequest, and to hold, any real or personal estate or trusts created in accordance with the laws of this state or any other state or of the United States, and execute such legal trusts in regard to same, upon such terms as may be declared, established or agreed upon in regard thereto, or to execute and guarantee any bond or bonds required by law to be given by any public officer or in any proceeding in law or equity in any of the courts in this state or any other state or of the United States,― provided, however, that no trust company shall sign or execute any bond which creates a liability against it in case of default of such bond in a sum more than one-fourth of its paid-up capital; to act as agent for the investment of money for any person and as agent for persons or corporations, for the purpose of issuing, registering, transferring or countersigning the certificates of stock, bonds or other evidence of debt of any corporation, association, munici
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Today, I am traveling with Secretary Clinton to Nuuk, Greenland for the 7th Ministerial Meeting of the Arctic Council. The Arctic Council, founded in 1996, meets at the ministerial level every second year. Secretary Clinton today becomes the first U.S. Secretary of State to lead a U.S. Delegation to an Arctic Council meeting, a clear sign of the priority this Secretary and this Administration place on the Arctic.
I am excited to be returning to Nuuk, the capital of Greenland, located on the west coast. In 2010, the Inuit Circumpolar Council invited me to attend its quadrennial General Assembly where I learned first-hand through Inuit representatives from Alaska, Canada, Greenland, and Russia about topics such as health, climate change, and governance issues affecting the Inuit, some of the indigenous peoples of the Arctic.
When I visited Greenland last summer, I did not realize I would have the opportunity to return again so soon. This time, I am returning for far-reaching discussion of issues facing all the residents of the Arctic, and by extension, all the people of the world.
The United States has broad-ranging interests in the Arctic, as demonstrated by the fact that Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar, Alaska Senator Lisa Murkowski, and Alaska Lt. Governor Mead Treadwell are all joining the Secretary and me on the delegation, as is Ambassador Laurie Fulton from the U.S. Embassy in Denmark. The United States recognizes and values the Arctic Council as the pre-eminent intergovernmental forum for cooperation in the Arctic. We are committed to strengthening it to meet the new challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. Denmark, as the chair of the Council for the past two years, has invited us to the capital of Greenland to celebrate recent accomplishments and to set priorities for the upcoming Swedish chairmanship.
Arctic issues are particularly interesting and important because of their cross-cutting nature. Climate change, energy development, international shipping, indigenous rights, scientific cooperation, and human health all intersect when we discuss the transformation affecting the northernmost reaches of the globe. How we address these issues will of course affect the future of Arctic residents, but will also affect those of us living far to the south. Rising sea levels due to melting glaciers, new sources of oil and gas, effects on migratory species from loss of habitat -- all are reminders that we live in a world in which our fates are intertwined.
Through the Arctic Council we work with our partners from the other seven Arctic countries and from Arctic indigenous groups to address these emerging challenges. The productive international cooperation we cultivate with our Arctic Council partners in Russia, Canada, Norway, Sweden, Iceland, Finland, and Denmark stands as a model for regional cooperation elsewhere in the world. We anticipate that the presence of Secretary Clinton and the other foreign ministers will send a message to the world that the future of the Arctic is an issue of truly global concern, and the countries of the Arctic are proactively addressing new challenges.
Climate change is transforming the Arctic. In 2004, the Arctic Council released its groundbreaking Impacts of a Warming Arctic: Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, a scientific report that transformed the way the world understood the changes affecting the region. Now, seven years later, climate change is accelerating. The discussion of how to adapt to this transforming environment is on the minds of people around the world, but none more so than the people who live there. The new report, Snow, Water, Ice and Permafrost of the Arctic (SWIPA), follows up on that 2004 report and documents the current state and anticipated future of the frozen parts of the region. These Arctic Council reports illustrate the value of international polar science collaboration as a foundation for good policy-making in the region.
The Council's working groups and forces are hard at work examining the new realities of the region and developing innovative ideas to challenges. From species loss to increased tourism, from melting glaciers to hazardous waste, from human health to emergency response, the United States is engaged in projects and initiatives within the Arctic Council that ensure that the changing Arctic remains an area of peace and cooperation. Many more examples of the Council's research products can be found here. Tomorrow, Secretary Clinton will highlight some of the Council's greatest recent accomplishments as well as our ambitions for its future.
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"Tell Me About Your Work Experience" (With Example Answers)
By Indeed Editorial Team
Updated May 19, 2022 | Published October 7, 2019
Updated May 19, 2022
Published October 7, 2019
Related: Top Interview Tips: Common Questions, Body Language & More
In this video, we dissect an entire job interview from start to finish. We analyze everything from common interview questions to etiquette and how to follow up.
During a job interview, you may be asked to describe your previous work experience. Even though your resume will include details about your prior job roles, knowing how to answer this question during an interview can help you highlight the skills you feel are most valuable in the prospective role.
In this article, we discuss how to craft an effective response when asked about your work experience and we provide sample answers to guide you.
Why do employers ask about work experience?
Any job has a set of duties you’ll be responsible for, so knowing your prior experience can help your interviewer gauge how prepared you are for a role. Even though they can see your experience on your resume or application, your ability to summarize your work history and relate it to the position can show that you’ve reflected on your potential employer’s expectations.
Planning your answer
This interview prompt gives you the chance to summarize the education and training that make you the most qualified candidate for the role. You can use this time to present the items on your resume more clearly in terms of how they prepare you for this position’s responsibilities and contributions to the company’s goals. Before your interview, consider writing out quick talking points to organize your thoughts, and use the following steps to help prepare your answer.
Study the job description.
Review your application materials.
Make clear connections.
Practice your answer.
1. Study the job description
Familiarize yourself with the position’s expectations to best present your ability to handle its responsibilities. Briefly outline what the role entails, including the daily tasks, necessary skills and ideal goals. You should also identify the tools listed in the job description, such as specific technology or equipment. Recalling the required and preferred qualifications can help you determine which of your skills and experiences to discuss.
2. Review your application materials
It’s wise to remind yourself of the professional experience you provided during the application process so you know what expectations you have set for the interviewer. Study the most relevant experiences on your resume, cover letter and formal application, and focus on the duties, skills and accomplishments of each. Use the terminology you gathered from the job listing to phrase your experiences in terms the interviewer is likely to recognize. This step can help you optimize your brief summary and focus your answer.
3. Make clear connections
You can also directly relate your experiences to the position’s responsibilities. Using information from your application materials, identify tasks in your previous experience similar to those listed in the job description. Be prepared to discuss your familiarity with common processes, potential obstacles and useful tools that will help you succeed in that role. This method allows you to confidently demonstrate your adaptability in the workplace.
4. Practice your answer
Interview preparation often includes crafting responses ahead of time in order to focus your thoughts. Consider writing a numbered list of all of the talking points you want to include in your answer. Use the job description and keywords, your rephrased resume items and past experiences that relate to required tasks in the new position.
Making a list will help you outline your thoughts, which you can then shape into a natural answer. With practice, you can ensure your answer only includes relevant information and remains concise and conversational.
Related: How to Prepare for an Interview
How to answer “What work experience do you have?”
Before your interview, review your list of talking points to improve your ability to recall them while responding. Use the following tips to provide a comprehensive yet succinct answer to the question.
1. Use simple, active statements
It’s best to use clear statements with strong verbs to effectively outline your skills and abilities. Shorter, simpler sentences can help you sound polished and conversational, and active statements demonstrate confidence and proactivity.
2. Provide only necessary details
You will likely answer many other questions after this one. Only discuss the details needed to adequately describe what you can do, what you have accomplished and how you plan to succeed in this new role. This will help ensure you have new information to share throughout the interview without having to repeat yourself.
3. Quantify your experience
If applicable, use data to add proven value to your accomplishments. For example, you can discuss your annual performance review numbers or the increasing percentage of quality work output. This strategy can serve as evidence of your professional achievements.
4. Illustrate the connections
This is when you can take material directly from your list tasks similar to those required in the new role. In your answer, you can clearly state your familiarity with specific responsibilities and even discuss the ways you have refined those processes in your previous experiences. Consider discussing your abilities in terms of situations you anticipate in this new role.
5. End with a goal statement
A goal statement is what you’ve determined you want to achieve in this position. You can effectively finish your answer by stating what contributions you aim to make to the company.
Use the following short example answers to help you craft your own effective response.
Example: “I have spent five years as an executive assistant with Wiler, Inc. in administrative support roles. As the current executive assistant to the CFO, I frequently collaborate with other administrative assistants to perform calendar management, coordinate international travel and assemble research reports for the financial specialists in our six offices around the world. At the beginning of last year, I optimized our email filtering system to improve office communication and reduce the amount of missed messages by 28%. I understand that your company depends a lot on email communication, so I want to use my organizational abilities to achieve faster communication processes in this office.”
Social media specialist
Example: “My experience includes a variety of marketing and advertising opportunities. In college, I was the ad intern at the local radio station, where I designed event posters for local concerts and music festivals. Then I worked as a market research assistant, analyzing consumer data and drafting reports for the marketing director. My other positions allowed me to practice applying research to writing ad copy, social media posts and a few radio commercial scripts. As your social media specialist, I would want to continue sharing my research insights and improving my ability to transform consumer data into actionable, engaging content.”
Senior financial consultant
Example: “I have 10 years of experience in personal finance management, and I have assisted 45 repeat clients in increasing their capital by an average of 15% every year. As a financial analyst, I utilized visual growth charts to show my clients how each saving plan option can impact their goals. When I became a senior financial analyst, I supervised other analysts and trained them in providing the most helpful experience to our customers. As your senior financial consultant, I aim to integrate my individualized approach to helping clients build the retirement fund they will depend on.”
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They hang out with their peers and play. We wait around and pick up their poop. So who’s king of the world here?
At off-leash dog parks, it’s the pooches. The dogs can romp around in fenced, traffic-free acreage. Most parks even have separate fenced-off areas for small or timid dogs. A growing number of cities have gotten behind the idea of providing dog owners with safe playgrounds for their pets, and dog parks can now be found from Ogden to Park City, complete with free plastic poo bags and garbage cans for used-bag disposal. Nearly all provide drinking fountains for both humans and dogs, and most have a concrete sidewalk that circles the edge of the park next to the fence.
But while Fido is getting healthy exercise, the humans waste a great opportunity to get a good workout for themselves. Nearly everyone plops down on one of the numerous benches, or stands around in small groups making small talk. A few may take a sedate stroll around the perimeter of the park, probably the most minimal activity possible.
However, there’s an excellent example of how to use dog-park time, set by a man who regularly brings his two dogs to the huge West Jordan dog park at 5982 W. New Bingham Highway. Once the pooches are ensconced within the smallest of the three large fenced areas, the man goes back to his car, takes out a portable stepping machine and sets it up on the paved area inside the gate. While his canines play, he does a 45-minute session of uninterrupted vigorous stepping—elevating his heart rate, getting a nonimpact workout for his joints and muscles, while burning calories at the same time.
You can find a variety of used portable exercise machines offered for sale on classifieds websites or at stores that sell used sporting equipment. Used devices are as good as new, and most are being offered for less than $50.
One of my favorite ways to make dog-park exercise work for both me and my mutts is skating. I keep a pair of inline skates in my car trunk. If the park isn’t too crowded, I put them on and skate around the concrete sidewalk that circles the park. Even just 20 minutes of skating is a good workout.
Another positive effect of skating in a dog park is it improves agility and balance. The concrete is poured in blocks, with small cracks between blocks that cause a bump when you skate over them. In addition, a dog may get in your way, requiring an instant stop. You’ll quickly learn to absorb bumps while skating; you’ll also improve the ability to make sudden stops while gaining the agility to avoid galumphing dogs.
Some dogs may get alarmed by a skater; some may follow closely and nip at your wheels. Always begin skating very slowly to see the canine reaction—and remember, it’s their play park. If you run around the park, pay attention to those who are throwing balls for dogs to catch; if the ball lands near you, it will quickly be followed by one or more dogs. You won’t have to worry much about aggressive dogs; their owners rarely bring them to a doggie social like an off-leash park.
Let’s now address the self-consciousness problem. Yes, folks may stare if you run or skate around the park, or work up a sweat stepping or rowing on your own machine. So what? You’re getting a good workout while others play park potato. Will those strangers think less of you because of that? And if they do—again, so what?
I haven’t been to every single off-leash dog park, but so far, my two favorites are the West Jordan park and the one in Park City, located in the Quinn’s Junction Sports Complex at Round Valley Drive and Gillmor Way, just off I-80. The one in Park City is all wood-chip ground cover; it’s one of the few with no paved sidewalk and would be more conducive to an exercise machine or, for runners, similar to trail running.
Some parks have not yet turned on their water fountains, so bring a big jug of water and a water dish for your pooch. Be tolerant of other dogs that will rush to share your water supply.
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7 Roles of the Legislature?
- To represent people
- To make legislation
- To control taxation and government expenditure
- Scrutinizes the work of the government
- To debate and deliberate
- To legitimise the whole political process
- Recruit and train government members
1 of 11
membership of commons? Lords? hereditary? life? bi
- 92 hereditary peers
- 707 life peers
2 of 11
3 Representative functions?
- The commons is freely and fairly chosen by those whom he or she represents
- Acts on behalf of those who they represent
- Should represent everyone including minorities and women
3 of 11
Female MPs, 1979? 2012? pop?
4 of 11
Ethnic minorities, 2005? 2010? pop?
5 of 11
8 Process of passing a bill?
- First Reading
- Second reading
- Committee stage
- Report stage
- Third reading
- The house of Lords: first, second, report stage, third reading
- Back to the House of Commons
- Royal Assent
6 of 11
4 Is Parliament a good legislator?
- Parliament has considerable scope, able to pass constitutional amendments
- Parliament can pass legislation very quickly in times of crisis
- Legislative scrutiny works well, thorough process
- Almost all government bills become law
7 of 11
bills passed, 2000-2001? 2009-2010?
- 21 bills passed
- 35 bills passed
8 of 11
5 Bad legislator?
- Plt does very little more than rubber- stamp government proposals
- Bills can be passed through too quickly
- Wrong to launch into constiutional reform on basis of simple plt majorities
- Legislative scrutiny not effective, due to fact they are the same party
- Little opportunity for backbench and opposition MPs to propose subjects for legislation
9 of 11
Example of a bill being passed too quickly? when?
- Dangerous Dogs Act
10 of 11
5 ways Legislative scrutinises executive
- Questions to ministers for oral answers
- Questions for written answers
- Departmental select committes
- Public Accounts committee and National Audit office
11 of 11
Similar Government & Politics resources:
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“Is FREE Electricity From Thin Air for Real?”
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Saturday, 31 March 2012
Can entrepreneurship be taught? A critical reflection upon Prof. Mullin's article "Can we teach entrepreneurship?"
Prof. Mullins’ article on the potential teaching of entrepreneurship denotes a constructive and systemic way of approaching the challenging notion of entrepreneurship. It is claimed that entrepreneurship is not just elaborating a business plan. Throughout the article the writer interacts with several key points concerning the mechanisms that could deliver a proactive toolkit for future entrepreneurs and suggests the use of a six – step model called entrepreneurial life cycle that would equip but not necessarily make a person become an entrepreneur.
Following the logical perceptions and the way that the elements of the entrepreneurial life cycle are being developed and analyzed, different ideas and approaches call for explanation and points of clarification.
The first point of discussion is the fact that the writer gives a clear picture of thehow and what but misses to express the whyi.e. the starting point of the actual need for teaching potential entrepreneurs and what would be the added value of the model. What gap does it fill? Does it develop an attitude of entrepreneurship? Does it encourage entrepreneurial spirit? “Those who know their why are the ones who lead. They are the ones who inspire” [Sinek 2009, pp 38 -40]. The importance of entrepreneurship especially within young people lacking experience and the fact that entrepreneurial activities are the backbone of world’s economy illustrate the initial quest of bringing entrepreneurship as a curriculum into schools, business academies, universities etc. Furthermore, though the is model presented and very well explained, it is clear that the focus is mostly on the technical aspects and the financial part, excluding the need for an entrepreneurial culture, the recognition of the potentiality for learning how to think entrepreneurial and most importantly the requirement and promotion of responsible entrepreneurship [Liikanen 2003, pp 5-6]
The second point of discussion is the use of the word teaching. Teaching is a process oriented way characterized by predictability. Entrepreneurship is not predictable at all. Entrepreneurship is highly related to innovation. Promoting and establishing entrepreneurial activities cannot be done by means of teachingbut by means of training and even better coaching both being a method oriented approach. It is true that the creation of an entrepreneurial mindset and culture cannot be transferred or inspired but the quality of tools; curriculum and resources can be learnt and equally developed through an ongoing learning by doing method. This approach appeals more into a society and a contemporary framework of the 21st century and would foster the entrepreneurial drive more effectively. The fact that learning from mistakes or even allowing people to make mistakes does constitute an experiential way of understanding the heterogeneous factors required to being an active, innovative, passionate and creative entrepreneur [Finkelstein & Sanford 2000]. This learning process can contribute to encouraging entrepreneurship; by fostering an entrepreneurial mindset in young people a vital tool to help entrepreneurs meet the challenges of a knowledge-based economy and society.
An important parameter that the model fails to recognize is the fact that not all entrepreneurs are the same, and are thus unlikely to respond to educational and training initiatives in the same way. It is not clear whether the model has the flexibility to adjust to different types or any classification of entrepreneurs (would-be or aspiring, lifestyle, growth oriented, and hero entrepreneurs) that would have different expectations and needs [OECD 2004 pp. 19-20].
Surprisingly, there seems to be little connection between the leading approaches to entrepreneurship education and economists’understanding of the entrepreneurial function [Klein & Bullock 2006, p. 10]. Further elaboration illustrates that there is a gap between the main theories and definitions of entrepreneurship and the teaching modeled approach presented in the article i.e. it is clear that the model tries to get particles pieces and bring together all the major theories of entrepreneurship but this accumulationlacks of target orientation.
Decoding the main theories/definitions of entrepreneurship and schools of thought would lead to the formation of a four –pillar platform [Klein & Bullock 2006, pp 11 -13] initial starting point for asking different questions that need different educational approaches and understanding.
· Managing existing resources
· Acquiring new resources
· Identifying existing opportunities and creating new ones
· Bearing uncertainty, exercising alertness, fostering technological or organizational innovation and adjusting to change
The model tries to cover step by step all the above mentioned pillars under a managerial prism but seems to be lacking a broader view of entrepreneurship as a creative activity i.e. not only finding opportunities but creating new ones [Sarasvathy 2008]. The nature of entrepreneurial personality mindset is an innate ability and cannot be learnt.
A key point and an essential challenge that is it not elaborated in the article is the who; and by that it is explained as the one that would be more appropriate into transferring and facilitating the use of knowledge to potential entrepreneurs. Different approaches and mixtures of both business oriented professionals and members of the academia consist the perfect combination of theoretical and practical learning and development throughout continuous interaction.
Teaching a body of knowledge that focuses on the practical problems and presuming that the vast majority of potential entrepreneurs are opportunity-driven and achievement-oriented, smart and hardworking, then what is given to them are some tools and techniques to improve their odds of success [Stevenson 2002, p. 3]. This is true but monolithic. The inherent charisma, the vision and motivation are extremely difficult to be facilitated and transferred.
Another important element that the model fails to cover is the preparation of potential entrepreneurs from an educational psychology perspective. Mapping the individual characteristics of a person wishing to become entrepreneur collaborates with the learning in action model that emphasizes into different learning outcomes and experiences [Bloom 1956, p. 150]. Neisser defined cognition as the process that allows sensory inputs to be transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, retrieved and used [Neisser 1967]. The cognitive character and psychological mirror of an entrepreneur cater for valuable data that are necessary in the learning approach to be followed in the business curricula, i.e. providing both skills and increased confidence [Krueger 2007]. Stepping out the comfort zone and trying to see things from a different angle is not a question only of how but a question of cognitive approach, want, internal incentive and insight.
Elaborating a little further into the cognitive character of entrepreneurship it is inevitable to realize another very important element that fits into the nature of the entrepreneurial life cycle, but it is not there,and that is reflection. Taking time to think of what happened, allowing knowledge and experience to settle down by means of understanding and evaluating every step taken, leads to reflective and deep learning i.e. grasping and synthesizing information for valuable and long term –meaning [Schön 1983]
The lack of why is denoted in the role of education and training into building an entrepreneurial society. And here is an additional element that the model fails to perceive; culture. Culture is an important determinant of career preferences and helps shape attitudes to risk-taking and reward. Significant differences in entrepreneurial attitudes can exist among countries and these cultural characteristics have an impact on entrepreneurial activity [OECD 2004 p. 23]. Cultivating an entrepreneurial culture and fostering entrepreneurship values and spirit for building an entrepreneurial society is the key role of lifelong entrepreneurial learning.
It is true that the tools for transforming an idea into a business plan can definitely be delivered to anyone interested in becoming an entrepreneur but the specific innovation and added value that the entrepreneur creates cannot be transferred under any model or educational approach [Koppl 2003]. The purpose of any educational and training model should be to achieve the highest likelihood of entrepreneurial activity.
Entrepreneurship is about innovation, inspiration, taking risks, being creative and crafting leadership skills and profiles. Entrepreneurship is about choosing a life path not a career [Neck & Greene 2011, p. 56]. The combination of tools, charisma, principles and psychological knowledge is definitely the key to success, development and growth. But ultimately entrepreneurship is a way of thinking, a way of understanding [Simon 1996] and appreciating life, a need to go a step further by using a multi-disciplinary approach and of course a challenge that grows esoterically for creating social, sustainable and useful value from limited and uncertain resources.
Bloom, B. S., Engelhart, M. D., Furst, E. J., Hill, W. H., & Krathwohl, D. R. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: the classification of educational goals; Handbook I: Cognitive Domain New York, Longmans, Green, 1956 p. 150
European Commission. Directorate - General for Enterprise. Responsible entrepreneurship - A collection of good practice cases among small and medium-sized enterprises across Europe. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2003, pp 5 -6
Finkelstein, S. and Sanford, S. H. 2000. Learning from Corporate Mistakes: the Rise and fall of Iridium. Organizational Dynamics, 29 (2):138-148
Klein G. Peter & Bullock Bruce J. Can entrepreneurship be taught? Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 16th February 2006, pp. 10 – 13
Koppl R. Introduction to the Volume: In R. Koppl and M. Minniti, eds. Austrian Economics and Entrepreneurial Studies. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2003.
Krueger N. R. What lies beneath? The Experiential Essence of Entrepreneurial Thinking. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 2007, 31 (1) pp. 123 - 138.
Neck M. Heidi, Greene G. Patricia. Entrepreneurship Education: Known Worlds and New Frontiers. Journal of Small Business Management 2011 49 (1), pp. 55-70
Neisser U. Congnitive Psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice – Hall, 1967.
OECD.2ndOECD Conference of Ministers Responsible for Small and Medium – Sized Enterprises (SMEs). Promoting Entrepreneurship and Innovative SMEs in a Global Economy: towards a more responsible and Inclusive Globalization. Istanbul, Turkey 3-5 June 2004, pp. 19-20
Sarasvathy S.D. Effectuation: Elements of Entrepreneurial Expertise. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2008.
Schön D. The Reflective Practitioner. New York: Basic Books. 1983.
Simon H.A. The Sciences of the Artificial. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press 1996.
Sinek Simon.Start with Why. How great leaders inspire everyone to take action. Penguin USA, 2009, pp. 38 – 40
Stevenson H.H, R. Hamermesh, P.W. Marshall and M.J. Roberts: Entrepreneurship: It can be Taught. HBS New Business (Winter 2002)
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Your whole life is an indication of the ideas that go on in your head.
This is a quote made renowned by Australian tv manufacturer and also writer Rhonda Byrne, who released her very successful self-help book The Secret in 2006. Guide took place to market more than 30 million duplicates, acquire a myriad of celeb followers including Oprah Winfrey, Will Smith as well as Ellen DeGeneres, and develop the bedrock of symptom practices seen across the globe today How Long Does Abo Incompatibility Take To Manifest.
Yet manifesting, which is essentially willing your goals right into existence, isn’t exactly a brand-new phenomenon. Based upon the Legislation of Attraction, which belonged to the New Idea motion and also theorised by 19th century fortune-teller Phineas Quimby, manifesting is all about the idea that our thoughts are power.
The idea has its foundations in several philosophical as well as religious customs, from Hermeticism and also Transcendentalism to Hinduism, and has been increased on by numerous Twentieth Century philosophers such as Napolean Hillside (Think as well as Grow Rich, 1937) and Louise Hay (You Can Heal Your Life, 1984). To place it simply, showing up aims to place the person in the motorist’s seat of their own life as well as makes them in charge of the positive as well as unfavorable results in their lives.
What Is manifesting?
As opposed to the belief that ‘seeing is believing’, manifesting is everything about relying on something in order to see it come your way. ‘Manifesting is the ability to utilize the power of your mind to change and also develop the truth you experience,’ describes self-development instructor Roxie Nafousi.
Nafousi began showing up at the age of 27 after struggling with an addition to drug, alcohol and cigarettes for a number of years, and also really feeling a lack of self-respect and also purpose. Feeling something ‘click’ in her mind after listening to a podcast on showing up, the mother-of-one has actually given that carved out a name for herself in the health market, and lately ended up being a Sunday Times bestselling writer adhering to the magazine of her book Manifest: 7 Steps to Living Your Best Life.
‘ [Showing up] is a technique that profits literally every location of your life because it equips you to come to be the greatest variation of yourself that exists, personify the individual you most wish to become, and aid you to open the unlimited potential that you need to create the life of your dreams,’ she continues.
What are the steps for manifesting?
The thought of starting on your manifesting trip might have you intending to run for the hills, especially if you’re not made use of to taking time out to sit with your ideas. Rather than right away spending a lot of money on bullet journals, fancy looking felt suggestion pens or panicking at the sight of a yoga exercise floor covering, Nafousi says manifesting begins with a specific gaining quality on exactly how they really want their life to look, as well as exactly how they intend to feel in six months or a year from now.
For some, this may be attained by creating a vision board you ‘d see in a meeting room loaded with vital phrases, timelines and pictures. For others, it might include visualization meditation.
1. Comprehend what you want to manifest
‘ Be crystal clear about what it is that you would love to manifest and also be as described as feasible. If you would like to manifest more money for instance, be specific – how much money, by when do you want to obtain this quantity, how does it really feel to have this abundance of cash in your life, what would you do with the cash?
On a piece of paper, make a note of exactly what it is that you want as well as imagine how you ‘d really feel if you reached your goals. Allow your emotions run wild as well as compose them all down.
2. Work on your state of mind
Try to conquer your restricting beliefs and also guarantee your state of mind is in alignment with your objectives If you desire something, however deep down you don’t believe you’re worthy of it, you will press that goal even more away.
3. Take genuine activity towards your goals.
Place in whatever function you can from your side to relocate you more detailed in the direction of your objective, and also leave the remainder to the universe.
The experts suggest making workable goals that are sensible to meet as well as attain, whether it’s taking place a day-to-day walk to ultimately reach your 10km run objective, or connecting to possible employers by means of email if you want to alter occupations by the end of the year.
4. Practice gratefulness
Be grateful for what you already have and also grateful of what other gorgeous blessings are to find.
Stuart Sandeman, owner of Breathpod as well as host of BBC Radio 1’s Decompression Sessions states that thankfulness ‘will certainly help shift your mind-set from “lack” to “abundance”, which indicates you’ll pick to focus your power on whatever you have rather than what you do not’.
5. Raise your vibration
Some of the practices I suggest which assist to elevate my resonance are yoga, reflection, exercise, a plant-based diet plan, bordering myself with favorable and also motivating people, resting and waking early with eight hrs of rest, listening to self-development podcasts, journaling and practicing appreciation.
Check out ELLE UK’s list of the most effective podcasts for 2022 here.
6. Be open and responsive
Energy flows, where focus goes. Offer loving energy to whatever is in line with your goals. As soon as you remain in this state of circulation, you will certainly start to attract more of the right people and situations to aid you satisfy your goals. As well as in the due program of time, you will certainly find yourself going through doors you once hoped would certainly open.
When as well as just how should you manifest?
From ordering a Deliveroo to your door in under and hour, or choosing the specific checkout at Sainsbury’s, we’re all guilty of desiring immediate gratification in today’s tech-driven globe. Yet, in much the same manner in which therapy and workout can’t generate overnight results, manifesting is a slow-burning technique that calls for devotion and patience.
Manifesting benefits actually every area of your life
To start off, Sandeman recommends those thinking about manifestation begin their day with a devoted breathwork, visualisation and also appreciation method in the morning, and finish their day by producing a vision board to help intensify the process. You can check out Sandeman’s day-to-day breathwork indication methods here.
What are the biggest misunderstandings as well as problems bordering manifesting
Among the greatest problems surrounding materializing is individuals thinking that it’s a passive procedure ‘or that thinking of one’s desires is enough’ to see adjustment, states Nafousi. For instance, by continuously informing the universe you desire a brand-new cars and truck, you’re not amazingly mosting likely to find a glossy Ferrari on your driveway without doing some useful job to achieve that goal. ‘There is no alternative to effort!’ she adds.
Contrary to popular belief, positive thinking alone isn’t mosting likely to produce transform either. While some studies have found those with a favorable state of mind are more probable to attain their aspirations, Fatmata Kamara, a mental wellness registered nurse expert at Bupa UK says that success is influenced by the behaviour adopted from a favorable attitude, as opposed to materializing alone. ‘Previous research study has actually likewise located the capability to visualise events before they occur can assist with choice making procedure, indicating the decision maker is able to eliminate alternatives which would be less effective,’ she says.
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What is the current recommendation for the procedure for vesicoureteral reflux after kidney transplantation?
Response from Ron Shapiro, MD
The evolution of the ureteroneocystostomy in kidney transplantation gradually shifted from more invasive to less invasive techniques. The original technique, ascribed to Politano and Ledbetter, involved a relatively large cystotomy, creation of a submucosal tunnel, and anastomosing the ureter to the bladder from within. Although the incidence of reflux associated with this procedure was low, the incidence of stenosis was a problem. The extravesical technique used more commonly now, ascribed to Lich, involves exposure of about 3 cm of the mucosal layer after incising the muscle layer, anastomosis of the ureter to the mucosa, and closing the muscle layer partially, to effect a submucosal tunnel. Reflux is more common with this technique, but stenosis is less of a problem.
Most of the time, reflux does not cause problems. Occasionally, patients are asked to double void to ensure that the bladder has been emptied. In cases of transplant pyelonephritis refractory to long-term antibiotic suppression, either ureteroureterostomy to the native ureter or reimplantation using an antireflux procedure can be effective therapy, although this is indicated in only a small percentage of cases.
Medscape Transplantation. 2003;4(2) © 2003 Medscape
Cite this: Ron Shapiro. Vesicoureteral Reflux After Kidney Transplantation? - Medscape - Nov 11, 2003.
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oa South African Medical Journal - The rapid warming of blood for massive transfusion by radio frequency induction
|Article Title||The rapid warming of blood for massive transfusion by radio frequency induction|
|© Publisher:||Health and Medical Publishing Group (HMPG)|
|Journal||South African Medical Journal|
|Affiliations||1 University of Cape Town|
|Publication Date||Feb 1965|
|Pages||137 - 140|
|Keyword(s)||Blood, Complications, Massive transfusion, Radio frequency induction and Rapid warming|
A brief survey of the factors with causation of cardiac arrest during massive transfusion is given.
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A Model of Socialist Society
By Alan Johnstone
02 May, 2014
One comment on my series of articles said: “If the world socialist movement declines to outline how the revolutionary transformation would take place or what the new society would be like, it is impotent.”
I hope this essay addresses part of that failing. The next few articles will concentrate upon how to achieve this new society.
A Model of Socialist Society
Socialists caution against the creation of blueprints. There is no point in drawing up in advance the sort of detailed blueprint of industrial organisation. For a small group of socialists, as we are now, to do so would be undemocratic. We also recognise that there may not be one single way of doing things, and precise details and ways of doing things might vary from one part of the world to another, even between neighbouring communities. Socialists cannot determine what the conditions will be when socialism is established. As the socialist majority grows, when socialism is within the grasp of the working class, that will then be the proper time for making such important decisions. It is imprudent for today’s socialist minority to be telling people how to administer a socialist society. When a majority of people understand what socialism means, the suggestions for socialist administration will solidify into an appropriate plan. It will be based upon the conditions existing at that time, not today.
We can, however, reach some generalised conclusions based on basic premises and can outline broad principles or options that could be applied. We do not have to draw up a an exact detailed plan for socialism, but simply and broadly demonstrate that it is possible and therefore refute the label of ‘utopianism’.
It is reasonable to assume that productive activity would be divided into branches and that production in these branches would be organised by a delegate body. The responsibility of these industries would be to ensure the supply of a particular kind of product either, in the case of consumer goods, to distribution centres or, in the case of goods used to produce other goods, to productive units or other industries.
Since the needs of consumers are always needs for a specific product at a specific time in a specific locality, we assume that socialist society would leave the initial assessment of likely needs to a delegate body under the control of the local community. In a stable society such as socialism, needs would change relatively slowly. Hence it is reasonable to surmise that an efficient system of stock control, recording what individuals actually chose to take under conditions of free access from local distribution centres over a given period, would enable the local distribution committee to estimate what the need for food, drink, clothes and household goods would be over a similar future period. Some needs would be able to be met locally: local transport, restaurants, builders, repairs and some food are examples as well as services such as street-lighting, libraries and refuse collection. The local distribution committee would then communicate needs that could not be met locally to the bodies charged with coordinating supplies to local communities.
The individual would have free access to the goods on the shelves of the local distribution centres; the local distribution centres free access to the goods they required to be always adequately stocked with what people needed; their suppliers free access to the goods they required from the factories which supplied them; industries and factories free access to the materials, equipment and energy they needed to produce their products; and so on. Production and distribution in socialism would thus be a question of organising a coordinated and more or less self-regulating system of linkages between users and suppliers, enabling resources and materials to flow smoothly from one productive unit to another, and ultimately to the final user, in response to information flowing in the opposite direction originating from final users. The productive system would thus be set in motion from the consumer end, as individuals and communities took steps to satisfy their self-defined needs. Socialist production is self-regulating production for use.
To ensure the smooth functioning of the system, statistical offices would be needed to provide estimates of what would have to be produced to meet peoples likely individual and collective needs. These could be calculated in the light of consumer wants as indicated by returns from local distribution committees and of technical data (productive capacity, production methods, productivity, etc) incorporated in input-output tables. For, at any given level of technology (reflected in the input-output tables), a given mix of final goods (consumer wants) requires for its production a given mix of intermediate goods and raw materials; it is this latter mix that the central statistical office would be calculating in broad terms. Such calculations would also indicate whether or not productive capacity would need to be expanded and in what branches. The centres for each world-region would thus be essentially an information clearing house, processing information communicated to it about production and distribution and passing on the results to industries for them to draw up their production plans so as to be in a position to meet the requests for their products coming from other industries and from local communities. The only calculations that would be necessary in socialism would be calculations in kind. On the one side would be recorded the resources (materials, energy, equipment, labour) used up in production and on the other side the amount of the good produced, together with any by-products.
Stock or inventory control systems employing calculation in kind are, as was suggested earlier, absolutely indispensable to any kind of modern production system. While it is true that they operate within a price environment today, that is not the same thing as saying they need such an environment in order to operate. The key to good stock management is the stock turnover rate – how rapidly stock is removed from the shelves – and the point at which it may need to be re-ordered. This will also be affected by considerations such as lead times – how long it takes for fresh stock to arrive – and the need to anticipate possible changes in demand.
Socialism will be a self-adjusting, decentralised inter-linked system. A socialist economy would be polycentric, not centrally planned. The problem with a central planning model of socialism is its inability to cope with change. It lacks any kind of feedback mechanism which allows for mutual adjustments between the different actors in such an economy. It is completely inflexible. Socialism does not necessary involve the creation of new layers of administrations but simply the transformation of them. It is not a command economy but a responsive one to provide for a self-sustaining steady state society.
And we can set out a possible way of achieving an eventual zero-growth, steady-state society operating in a stable and ecologically benign way. This could be achieved in three main phases.
1) There would have to be emergency action to relieve the worst problems of food shortages, health care and housing which affect billions of people throughout the world.
2) Longer term action to construct means of production and infrastructures such as transport systems for the supply of permanent housing and durable consumption goods. These could be designed in line with conservation principles, which means they would be made to last for a long time, using materials that where possible could be re-cycled and would require minimum maintenance.
3) With these objectives achieved there could be an eventual fall in production, and society could move into a stable mode. This would achieve a rhythm of daily production in line with daily needs with no significant growth. On this basis, the world community could reconcile two great needs, the need to live in material well being whilst looking after the planet.
A moneyless society can calculate opportunity costs and allocate resources rationally by :-
1) Calculation in kind
2) A self-correcting system of stock control - which identifies quantities of stocks available and provides a reliable indication of consumer demand (via the depletion rates of stocks)
3) The law of the minimum - whereby you economise most on those factors of production that are relatively scarcest
4) A social hierarchy of production goals - which sorts out the allocation of scarce factors where competing demands are placed upon them.
Humans behave differently depending upon the conditions that they live in. Human behaviour reflects society. In a society such as capitalism, people's needs are not met and people feel insecure. People tend to acquire and hoard goods because possession provides some security. People have a tendency to distrust others because the world is organized in such a dog-eat-dog manner. To establish socialism the vast majority must consciously decide that they want socialism and that they are prepared to work in socialist society. The establishment of socialism presupposes the existence of a mass socialist movement and a profound change in social outlook. It is simply not reasonable to suppose that the desire for socialism on such a large scale, and the conscious understanding of what it entails on the part of all concerned, would not influence the way people behaved in socialism and towards each other. In socialism, status based upon the material wealth at one's command, would be a meaningless concept. The notion of status based upon the conspicuous consumption of wealth would be devoid of meaning because individuals would stand in equal relation to the means of production and have free access to the resultant goods and services. Why take more than you need when you can freely take what you need? In socialism the only way in which individuals can command the esteem of others is through their contribution to society, and the stronger the movement for socialism grows the more will it subvert the prevailing capitalist ethos .
Free access to goods and services denies to any group of individuals the political leverage with which to dominate others (a feature intrinsic to all private-property or class based systems through control and rationing of the means of life). This will work to ensure that a socialist society is run on the basis of democratic consensus. Decisions will be made at different levels of organisation: global, regional and local with the bulk of decision-making being made at the local level.
Anything less than the demand for full free access socialism does not go far enough. In the final analysis, those who oppose it lack the confidence that either there are sufficient resources on the planet to provide for all, or that human beings can work voluntarily, and co-operate to organise production and distribution of wealth without chaos, and consume wealth responsibly without some form of rationing. In the end, these critics remain fixated to the lazy person, greedy individual critique of human behaviour.
How Socialism Can Organise Production Without Money
Money Must Go (very dated but very clear)
Alan Johnstone is a member of The Socialist Party Of Great Britain
Comments are moderated
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It is said that a shift always returns from work faster than it goes; nevertheless the miners all say that it is the coming away after a hard day's work, that is especially irksome.
One of the first representatives of the Socratic legacy was the Cynic Diogenes of Sinope. In all novels about the East the scenery is the real subject-matter. Moloch the crossbone soulless jailhouse and Congress of sorrows.
In the absence of war — a condition which has mostly held for the past fifty years — all this does is sap money away from infrastructure, health, education, or economic growth.
Behind me a railway embankment made of the slag from furnaces. Physical limitations are most obviously conquered by increasing technology.
Even the miners bang their backbones fairly often. To the Researcher They will serve as a guide in getting some information about the individual differences of the price. They seemed to make no impression. In accordance with Athenian custom, his father also taught him a trade, though Socrates did not labor at it on a daily basis.
Rather, he spent his days in the agora the Athenian marketplaceasking questions of those who would speak with him. The priests answered his letter, telling him that what they had said was perfectly accurate. Things like beauty, strength, and health benefit human beings, but can also harm them if they are not accompanied by knowledge or wisdom.
Nonetheless, Philip's provincial and administrative background represents continuity with features of Severan government. A self-interested person has some incentive to sign a pact to make everyone use a filter, but in many cases has a stronger incentive to wait for everyone else to sign such a pact but opt out himself.
The sources have been well sifted by Pohlsander, "Decius.
At that age I was not squeamish about killing animals, but I had never shot an elephant and never wanted to. Bersanetti, L'abrasione del nome del prefetto del pretorio C.
Xenophon Born in the same decade as Plato B. At the same time, his hermeneutics leads him to argue for the importance of dialectic as conversation. Here was I, the white man with his gun, standing in front of the unarmed native crowd—seemingly the leading actor of the piece; but in reality I was only an absurd puppet pushed to and fro by the will of those yellow faces behind.
The Presocratics were not just those who came before Socrates, for there are some Presocratic philosophers who were his contemporaries.
In a culture that worshipped male beauty, Socrates had the misfortune of being born incredibly ugly. The elenchus on this interpretation can and does have positive results. The cells measured eight feet by five, and, had no lighting apparatus except a tiny, barred window high up in the wall, and a spyhole in the door.
As soon as the utility of the Ethiopians is no longer necessary for profit, all pressure to maintain it disappears. Euthyphro appears to give five separate definitions of piety: At those times the place is like hell, or at any rate like my own mental picture of hell.
It was an instructive sight. But if left to itself the air will take the shortest way round, leaving the deeper workings unventilated; so all the short cuts have to be partitioned off. In the discussion, Socrates argues that if one wants to know about virtue, one should consult an expert on virtue Meno 91be.
What sphinx of cement and aluminum bashed open their skulls and ate up their brains and imagination. And it occurred to me that maybe there is no philosophy on Earth that would endorse the existence of Las Vegas. Is the interlocutor supposed to be aware of the irony, or is he ignorant of it.
How Did Socrates Do Philosophy. Whatever may be happening on the surface, the hacking and shovelling have got to continue without a pause, or at any rate without pausing for more than a few weeks at the most.
Philip made no improvements in the legal status of Christians or their religion. It may seem that I am exaggerating, though no one who has been down an old-fashioned pit most of the pits in England are old-fashioned and actually gone as far as the coal face, is likely to say so.
One of the more famous quotes about Socrates is from John Stuart Mill, the 19th century utilitarian philosopher who claimed that it is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied.
The process continues until all other values that can be traded off have been — in other words, until human ingenuity cannot possibly figure out a way to make things any worse. Iotapianuson the other hand, was the leader of an uprising of the Eastern provincials who felt that the government did not regard their interests sufficiently.
The cheese is sharp and savory, the tortilla strips and pepitas create a dynamic crunch and texture blend, the bean and corn create a fire roasted southwestern vibe, the lettuce was fresh, crisp, and nutrient dense, and even the grape tomatoes tasted extremely fresh and juicy.
Imagine a country with two rules: And I had two thoughts, crystal clear:. It isn’t as bad as it sounds. From the article: There is a socioeconomic element at play when it comes to exclusion. Those people of color with lower income can feel marginalized by poly community culture’s financial demands, which can include dishing out cash for a fancy play party or a plane ticket to Burning Man.
Review Board. To better understand the process we use when choosing speakers, let’s first start with the Review Board. Our Review Board consists of individuals who have years of experience in research, industry, presenting, and DEF CON culture.
Oracle Thesis Essay Sample.
I. Introduction. Inventory management software is a computer-based system for tracking inventory levels, orders, sales and deliveries. It can also be used in the manufacturing industry to create a work order, bill of materials and other production-related documents.
Aug 13, · Thanks in part to their fortunate age location, the Silent Generation has become the most educated, healthiest, and wealthiest generation of elders that ever lived.
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BibMe Free Bibliography & Citation Maker - MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard.Oracle thesis essay
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|Publication number||US5389935 A|
|Application number||US 08/216,367|
|Publication date||14 Feb 1995|
|Filing date||23 Mar 1994|
|Priority date||13 Jun 1990|
|Publication number||08216367, 216367, US 5389935 A, US 5389935A, US-A-5389935, US5389935 A, US5389935A|
|Inventors||Didier Drouault, Jean Potage|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (12), Referenced by (61), Classifications (9), Legal Events (3)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/828,852, filed as PCT/FR91/00465, Jul. 11 1991 now abandoned.
The present invention relates to an automatic system for locating and identifying vehicles in distress.
The dispatch time of emergency services to places of road traffic accidents depends on the speed with which the latter are alerted and on the effective distance existing between the place of the incident and the nearest emergency station.
Thus the effectiveness of rescue operations is directly related to the infrastructure and to the human and hardware means at the disposal of the rescuers in order to cover a region, and the period which elapses between the incident and the alarm is mainly related to the place of the accident, to its nature and to the possible witnesses who may take up this alarm.
In order to minimise to the maximum the time which elapses between the accident and the alarm, the aim of the invention is to permit the automatic detection of serious accidents which may occur within the field in particular of road traffic in a specified region.
To this end, the subject of the invention is an automatic system for locating and identifying vehicles in distress, characterised in that it comprises, on the one hand, a network of radiogoniometers which are coupled to at least one computer and are arranged at well determined locations of areas of a region, and on the other hand, a set of radio distress beacons which are arranged inside vehicles moving within the areas of the region, and in that the computer comprises means of processing information emitted by the distress beacons and means of connection for locating and identifying in the region the beacons emitting distress signals and for transmitting the corresponding information to the emergency services closest to the places of emission by the beacons.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge below in the description which follows, given with reference to the attached drawings which represent:
FIG. 1, a system for locating and identifying vehicles in distress according to the invention.
FIG. 2, an embodiment of an electronic device arranged inside each beacon in order to permit the emission of distress signals.
FIG. 3, a sequence of types of messages capable of being transmitted by the beacons.
FIG. 4, an area descriptor addressing diagram.
FIG. 5, a flow diagram to illustrate a mode of programming the beacon.
According to the invention each vehicle bearing the reference 1 in FIG. 1 is equipped with a distress beacon 2. It furthermore possesses sensors 3 enabling it to establish electrical or mechanical contact following a significant impact suffered by the vehicle, in respect of which it is assumed that the occupants of the vehicle are injured. The contact established by each sensor 3 enables the distress beacon 2 to start emitting on a specified radio frequency. A ground infrastructure consisting in FIG. 1 of radiogoniometers referenced from 41 to 4n permits reception and detection of this radio emission. Each sensor 41 to 4n possesses a goniometer coupled to a specific computer, not shown, which makes it possible to acknowledge in known manner on the basis of a chart the logging of the signal received.
A computer link 51 . . . 5n connects all the sensors 41 to 4n to a processing unit 6 which receives all the logging information and deduces therefrom the exact coordinates of the point of emission. Such a link may for example be constructed in the manner of that known and described in the report 668-2 of the Commission of Study No. 1 CCIR of the ITU of October 89 entitled "Automatic monitoring and measurement of the radio frequency spectrum". The computer 6 placed in a listening and alarm centre, not shown, makes it possible to generate a call on the switched telephone network to an emergency centre 9 which is the closest to the place of the accident, and to supply the calculated geographical coordinates of the position of the vehicle involved in an accident.
The electronic device equipping the distress beacon 2 is represented diagrammatically in FIG. 2 inside a closed dashed line 10. It comprises, connected to a microprocessor 11, a clock 12, a memory 13, an impact sensor 14, a booster battery 15 and a radio emitter 16 which are coupled to at least two antennas 17 and 18 situated above and below the vehicle 1 in order to permit continuity of the emissions from the beacon even in the event that the vehicle turns round or turns over. The microprocessor 11 is connected to the dashboard 19 of the vehicle. A switch 20 is placed on the beacon to permit the cutting of power to the device of FIG. 2 via the booster battery 15. The booster battery 15 is moreover powered by the vehicle battery 21. According to a first embodiment of the invention, the emitter 16 can emit on two different frequencies, each of which may have a particular significance in order to enable the appropriate emergency services, such as the fire brigade, hospital services personnel and mechanical breakdown teams for removing the vehicle, to be moved to the site of the vehicle involved in an accident. The types of messages which are transmitted are messages which convey information about the type of vehicle involved in an accident, about its registration, about its insurance, possibly about the dealer's garage, etc. A test message may possibly be provided to permit testing of the correct operation of the beacon, without however triggering the emergency services. The frequencies and the messages transmitted over these channels are detected by the goniometers 41 to 4n and the angles of arrival of these frequencies are transmitted with the corresponding messages to the computer 6 which effects location of the vehicle 1. This location is determined in a known manner in latitude and longitude relative to the Greenwich meridian, for example, which enables, in the manner represented in FIG. 4, the geographical area in which the vehicle involved in an accident is situated to be defined with the aid of a conversion table 22. To determine a location, the conversion table calculates an area address in an area descriptor table stored in a memory of the computer 6 and an address for addressing a location table. The area zi pointed to by the address conversion table 22 contains, in the manner represented at 25 in FIG. 4, all the information required for the rapid dispatch of the emergency means to the place of the accident. This information may consist, as represented in FIG. 4, of the telephone numbers of the fire brigade or police services closest to the place at which the accident took place. The address conversion table 22 also points, in the location/table 24, to the locality of the place closest to the accident, and the road on which it occurred. The computer 6 may thus deduce therefrom the number of kilometers separating the place of the accident from the locality.
The operation of a beacon is illustrated by steps 26 to 43 of the flow diagram of FIG. 5. In this flow diagram when, in steps 26 and 27, an impact is detected, a time delay of specified duration, 30 seconds for example, and illustrated by steps 28 to 31 and 42, 43, is triggered by the impact sensors 14 of the beacon in such a way as to enable the occupants of the vehicle to act on the dashboard 19 in order possibly to prevent the emissions of messages if it is noted that the impact which caused the triggering of the beacon does not justify the sending of distress signals. If at step 42 the stopping of the operation of the beacon is not carried out at the end of the 30 seconds elapsed, the microprocessor 11 executes steps 32 to 41 which permit messages to be sent regularly inside windows of specified duration t0 of 15 seconds for example, with emission slot of duration t1 of 1 second for example selected randomly inside each window of duration t0, so as to preclude two colliding vehicles, each having a beacon, being able to have a simultaneous emission cycle. At step 35 it is possible to stop the operation of the beacon by cutting the power to the latter through action on the switch 20. If this action is not carried out at step 35 the emission procedure is continued through execution of steps 37 to 41.
Naturally, according to the invention it is also possible to equip emergency vehicles with goniometers matched to the frequency range of the distress beacons. The attraction of this equipment is of course to be able to indicate to the driver of the emergency vehicle the general direction to be followed in order to reach the place of the accident. This solution is attractive in particular in the case of a vehicle involved in a night-time accident in a rural area for example.
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During the lead-up to Operation Iraq Freedom, things became so bad at Smith College -- the historic all-female university -- that students had American flags ripped off their dormitory doors and shredded. Government Professor Tandeka Nkiwane told a member of ROTC soldiers “are horrible, inhuman barbarians.” Others worried that "disloyalty" would be punished.
It was not always this way.
In typical American fashion, the seeds for Smith College grew out of tragedy. Sophia Smith inherited her family’s fortune in 1861 and since she never married, she had no heir. As a result of this tragedy, Smith, who was “deeply religious,” turned to her Rev. John Morton Green for guidance.
Due to Green’s work with girls who were being educated at Mt. Holyoke’s Seminary, he suggested that Smith should use the money to create a school dedicated solely to educating young women. After much prayer and reflection, Smith decided that funding a women’s college would be “the best way” for Smith “to fulfill the moral obligation” to her country and its citizens.
“It is my opinion that by the higher and more thorough Christian education of women, what are called their ‘wrongs’ will be redressed, their wages adjusted, their weight of influence in reforming the evils of society will be greatly increased, as teachers, as writers, as mothers, as members of society, their power for good will be incalculably enlarged…I would have it a perennial blessing to the country.”
Upon Smith’s death in 1861, Green chartered the school, and in 1875, Smith College finally opened its doors. For generations, Smith provided the kind of patriotic and religious instruction its founder had envisioned. The fruits of that education were seen in Smithees’ once-great patriotism.
HATING THE TROOPS
Smith’s opposition to the War on Terror contrasts sharply to the support the college gave World War II. When President Roosevelt declared war on December 7, 1941, the entire Smith College community responded by helping out “fully in the war efforts.” After an all-college meeting on December 9, 1941, Smith sent a telegram to FDR, pledging “full-hearted support to the President of the United States in the struggle against world-wide aggression and (putting) all its abilities behind the efforts of the government to defeat the forces of destruction and lawlessness endangering the survival of all free people.”
This patriotic spirit is conspicuously absent today. After 9/11 – America’s second Pearl Harbor – there has been no such support for President Bush or the military. Instead, this feminist academic haven has churned up hatred for the United States, condemnation of our foreign policy and even disdain for the members of our armed forces.
Smith’s professors have led the charge. Government Professor Tandeka Nkiwane has encouraged students to protest America’s “imperialist role” in the war, noting that the U.S. is “greatest threat to world stability.” The U.S. needs to realize that there are “terrible human costs to empire building,” Nkiwane noted, “the wounds caused by the ‘collateral damage’ (that the U.S.) inflicts now…bleed just as much as those caused during colonial and imperial times.” Students who have taken her UN class have said she pushes her rabidly anti-American views during class time, even singling out and mocking pro-American students. According to one of Nkiwane’s students, who wished to remain anonymous, Nkiwane once told a student member of the ROTC that soldiers “are horrible, inhuman barbarians.”
Others have called into question their support of the United States, as well. Sociology Professor Myron Glazer told the Chronicle of Higher Education, “The concern we have as researchers and as citizens is that in a period emphasizing patriotism and pulling together, dissent becomes extremely difficult – especially within agencies in which any sense of disloyalty can be condemned.” (Emphasis added. This was quoted in the article “Deconstruct This: Heroes,” CHE, Nov. 2, 2001.)
Smith College has helped stoke the fires by hosting antiwar speakers.
At a conference entitled “Homeland Insecurity,” speakers made “(c)hilling connections between the Cold War and the War on Terrorism.” For example, The Sophian reported that Stacy Braukman of the Radcliff Institute for Advanced Studies told Smithees the case against USF professor Sami Al-Arian mirrors the ‘60s “crackdown” at USF against Communist and homosexual professors. Speakers also drew parallels between the post-September 11 civil rights abuses of the Patriot Act and the Red Scare.
Activist Grace Lee Boggs, a protégé of Marxist historian C.L. R. James, came to campus and chastised the Bush administration for “trying to do what Germany could not do earlier in this century” with the war in Iraq. She also said that the war in Iraq was a “catastrophe” and the U.S. “very well may face defeat.”
Smith also had author Helen Caldicott, who teaches at Harvard and is the founder and current president of the disarmament group Nuclear Policy Research Institute, discuss her new book, The New Nuclear Danger: George W. Bush’s Military-Industrial Complex.
Their students at Smith have absorbed this instruction well, channeling their professors’ and administration’s antiwar fervor into action. At least two Smithees engaged in direct acts of sabotage against the military’s war efforts. Kasha Ho and another Smith student joined 2,000 antiwar activists to protest at nearby Westover Air Force Base by “physically blocking the entrance” to the base. Ho said, “During the rally, I joined with other members of the community in a planned act of civil disobedience as we wove ourselves together into a ‘Web of Life.’” Her years at Smith taught her that physically opposing the military during a time of war was her sacred obligation. “I personally felt the necessity to risk arrest by placing myself, my values, in the way of the perpetuation of this unjust war,” she said.
Others confined their reaction to campus, staging a class walkout to oppose the liberation of Iraq. “War activism has effected [sic.] the Smith bubble very strongly these past months,” junior Amy McDonald said. She exhorted others to participate in the walkout, saying, “(W)e must refuse to allow our everyday lives to continue while atrocities are committed in the names of government and liberty.”
The campus Left has resorted to disruptive and bullying tactics to whip up support for its antiwar rallies, according to former Republican Club President Melissa Parham. “There are protests all the time against the war, against President Bush,” she noted. “People were running up and down the halls, butting into classrooms, yelling and interrupting class. A lot of anti-Bush protesters harassed students who didn’t leave class (for the walkout).”
Student antiwar rhetoric has been as shill as that of their professors. Sophomore Megan McRobert chimed in, “It’s a war against democracy waged by the military industrial complex.” (Yes, she really did say America was toppling Saddam Hussein’s “democracy.”) She continued, “Financial oligarchy has taken the place of democracy.”
Erika Nelson, a senior who has since graduated Smith, condemned the “elitist and racist” war in Iraq. She then parroted the leftist line on this (and every) U.S. military intervention:
The American working class, who makes up the majority of the military and who are [sic.] most likely to suffer from harsh economic side effects at home, are [sic.] the losers in this war. People of color, who are over-represented in the military and the working class, are also the losers here. The people of Iraq, who have already suffered under UN economic sanctions and under Hussein's rule, are now bearing more death and destruction. Our invasion of Iraq is part of a legacy of racially marked U.S. military intervention in the past century that contributes to white, “Western” imperialism and global dominance.
Rachel Ostrow, a senior, anticipated Howard Dean’s famous gaffe when she told The Sophian, “The war will not make me safer in the long run.”
Smith College Democrats President Lauren Wolfe speculated that the real reason Bush went to war was because he had a score to settle. “Don’t forget (Saddam) Hussein tried to kill Bush’s daddy.”
Thus has Smith descended from an institution that supported its military without wavering to one that will take physical action to oppose the armed forces.
A LEGACY OF LEFTISM
When Smith students aren’t protesting the war, they are mobilizing on behalf of other liberal causes. The majority of student “political and social action” groups have ties to the Democratic Party and liberal activist groups. These include: Amnesty International, Feminists of Smith Unite, Gaia: Smith Students for the Environment, Student Labor Action Coalition, Students for a Free Tibet and MULCH (Multicultural Affairs and Social Issues). The only conservative group listed is the College Republicans.
Back in 1985, Smith students got “pro-active” and “protest(ed)” Smith’s “investment policies in South Africa, violence against women and the right-wing politics of Joseph Coors, creator of the Coors beer company,” The Sophian reported. “At the first rally, the students ended up in the office of the Associate Treasurer. The second was aligned with the ‘Take Back the Night’ movement. The third ended with a boycott of Coors beer in support of the AFL/CIO.”
Smith athletes are just as politically active, especially in regards to maintaining the gender quotas that have resulted from misuse of Title IX. Lawmakers originally designed the 1972 law to end gender discrimination at educational institutions, but feminists hijacked the law to promote gender quotas. Schools now must achieve total “equity in sports participation,” a full 50/50 parity. Schools accomplish this by cutting (that is, discriminating against) men’s teams. UCLA, for example, was forced to eliminate its men’s swim team, which has produced all U.S. Olympic medal-winning swimmers.
Soccer captain Claire Williams, and Economics professor Andrew Zimbalist, flew from Smith to San Diego and asked Secretary of Education Rod Paige’s Commission on Opportunity in Athletics to retain the feminist quota interpretation of Title IX. (The Women Sports Foundation, an offshoot of Smith alumna Gloria Steinem’s Ms. Foundation, also put in its two-cents.)
“The opportunity for women to play sports at the collegiate level is not yet equal to that for men,” Williams testified. “Women are interested in participating in sports, so why not start supplying the opportunities: opportunities in elementary and secondary schools and opportunities in college through emerging sports.” (If this had some truth to it, then why don’t all-female colleges – Smith, Bryn Mawr, Mount Holyoke and Wellesley – have athletic participation levels that mirror male participation rates? Male sports participation levels hover between 65-78 percent, according to NCAA statistics; according to an Independent Women’s Forum study, all-female college athletic participation hovers between 7.3 and 16.9 percent. Smith’s highest participation rate has only been 12.2 percent.)
The Smith College Democrats are another activist outlet for students on campus. A lot of their work involves political participation at the grassroots level, joining the College Democrats National Campaign Invasion. Most recently, they traveled to New Orleans to help Kathleen Blanco win the Louisiana gubernatorial race. In addition to getting out the vote, the Smith College Democrats often meet with the vanguard of the radical feminist elite. For example, the girls had mentoring sessions with Feminist Majority President Eleanor Smeal and Planned Parenthood President Gloria Feldt “to talk about the importance of young women’s activism”
Smith College, by the way, takes great pride in their students’ activism. In addition to touting the College Democrats success in New Orleans, a Smith press release proudly notes how many Smith students “are successfully challenging the ‘conservative free-trade agenda’” by following the plan outlined in Mixing ‘60s Activism and Anti-Globalization, by progressive Robert Borosage, formerly a director of the leftist Institute for Policy Studies and founder of the Campaign for America’s Future. The Smith press release also cites how Erica Hieggelke “traveled to Washington to march against the IMF and World Bank.”
ANN COULTER: PERSONA NON GRATA
Although Smith’s marketing materials claim “Smith welcomes diverse opinions,” one would be hard-pressed to find diversity among its faculty, nor among the voices Smith College tolerates on campus. The Republican Club discovered this soon after inviting conservative firebrand Ann Coulter to campus.
After the group decided upon Coulter, then-Republican Club President Melissa Parham met with Dean of Students Mila Dutka to arrange the event. As soon as Dutka found out they invited Coulter – whose speech topic was to be, “Liberalism and Terrorism: Different Stages of the Same Disease” – Parham encountered fierce resistance.
Parham said Dutka tried to bully her into picking another speaker. Dutka claimed Coulter was inappropriate for Smith due to her “radical” conservative opinions. But Parham, who was outraged that Smith was attempting to censor conservativs, refused, demanding to know why the First Amendment only applied to liberals.
Sensing a lawsuit, Dutka immediately backpedaled, but she didn’t give up. Instead, she changed tack. Smith would allow the Republican Club to have Coulter, but Smith would not provide any security for the event, Parham related.
Dutka, in an attempt to frighten Parham into acquiesce, told her that Smith could not be held liable if anything happened to Coulter, because Smith didn’t sanction hosting the speech. To emphasize her point, Dutka said there’s no telling how liberal Smith students would react, noting that Smith would not guarantee Coulter’s safety.
Appalled, Parham then asked whether that meant that the Republican Club would have permission to throw out anyone who disturbed the event. Dutka said absolutely not, and told Parham that Smith would punish any Republican Club members who would deny the “free speech” of other Smith students – even if they physically assaulted Coulter!
After Parham got Dutka’s approval, other leftist faculty members took action. Sixteen faculty members sent a petition to cancel Coulter’s visit to former University of California at Berkeley Provost and current Smith President Carol Christ.
“We, the undersigned faculty members, strongly object to Ann Coulter’s appearance,” the petition stated. “We are extremely disturbed that Smith College funds would be used to sponsor a speaker that promotes racism and xenophobia which is outside the realm of legitimate academic debate.” (No particular columns were cited to back up this allegation.)
The petition droned on, “This is especially true in view of the traumatic events of last spring, that were handled with appropriate seriousness in the same venue-John M. Greene Hall. Furthermore, this undermines all the important recent initiatives to educate the college community about tolerance.”
The Gardner House incident to which the petition alludes is as follows: someone allegedly wrote “homophobic and racist remarks” on the bathroom mirror. Curiously, when Campus Police arrived, there was “no evidence that anything occurred.” Despite the dearth of evidence, Parham said Smith students living in Gardner “were forced to give handwriting samples and endure long-long talks about the need for tolerance.”
When the petition failed, others objected. Government professor Gregory White sent Parham a letter saying, “I think the event should be boycotted.”
Of course, the professors’ animus did not extend to “tolerant” (e.g., Left-friendly) campus speakers. In fact, a few weeks earlier the college spent $5,000 on a porn star, who lectured about “how anal sex can improve your love life.”
But the Ann Coulter speech was held as planned, and Ann was a huge hit. According to the liberal editors of The Sophian, the paper (grudgingly) admitted that no speaker before – not even the illustrious Gloria Steinem – had been able to fill the auditorium to near capacity. With a crowd of nearly 1,000 students, that means nearly half the entire Smith student population came to hear the author of Treason.
“Following the lecture, dozens of girls came up to Ann, Melissa Parham and me to thank us for bringing her into the ‘Lion’s den,’” said Lisa De Pasquale of the Clare Boothe Luce Policy Institute, which helped fund Coulter’s visit.
“Despite the Smith administration and professors’ view that Ann Coulter was a radical and on the political fringe, there were scores of students eagerly waiting to meet Coulter, get her to sign their books and get pictures taken with her,” De Pasquale said. “Smith professors shortchange their students by refusing to give them a diverse education. Thankfully, that night proved that many Smith students are eager to hear conservative ideas and willing to question the limited views fed to them in their classrooms.”
Parham chided the administration’s attempted censorship in the pages of The Sophian. “I hate to break it to the Smith College faculty and students who hoped to censor this event, and hope to censor future conservative speakers, but the First Amendment does exist. The Smith College Republicans and other groups on campus have the right to bring any speakers they desire to lecture on campus…I am disappointed, disgusted and embarrassed by Smith College.”
NO FREE SPEECH FOR "EVIL" CONSERVATIVES
The apoplectic outrage at Coulter’s appearance is an example of the antagonistic atmosphere conservatives encounter everyday at Smith. “You always hear about the fabled liberal tolerance – but I've never seen it first hand,” one student said. “There is a lot of stereotyping here. If you’re conservative, you’re evil.”
“Debate here is so far Left…If you say you’re a Republican then it has all these anti-gay and racist connotations,” Republican Club President Kathryn Horton said. “It’s a very polarizing atmosphere here…It obstructs the chances and opportunities for important discussion and debate.”
“I have talked to a lot of people,” she added, “[who] have said they always considered themselves a Democrat but are turned off by the way-Left and very staunch opinions that they find here at Smith.”
“There is a really small contingent of conservatives on campus and [leftists] try to punish us for our conservative beliefs,” Parham said, noting that after the Coulter event, Republican Club members “got a lot of late-night phone calls around 2 a.m. and we would get harassed, but the administration didn’t do anything about it.”
Conservatives have even had their private property destroyed. Conservative Anna Rule said, “Flags on bedroom doors have been ripped off or torn to shreds.” In response, Rule started Women For Freedom, a group that encourages dialogue between liberal and conservative students in the hopes of ending “political discrimination” against Smith’s conservatives.
But the professors can be just as liberally biased as the students.
The students agree. “When the conservative side is taught, it is written off because it is capitalist, racist, homophobic,” Kathryn Horton said. “While they teach that the liberal view is more the more humane way to think.”
“Some professors use some class time to preach their political views,” Rule noted. “[M]ost students don’t mind, but some conservative students, like myself do because it is inappropriate and it is not what we are paying almost $40,000 a year to learn about.”
“For example, in one English class, one very liberal person I know, who is a libertarian,” Horton said, “actually said she was surprised at how her English professor was able to work in his thoughts on 20th century politics into his class on 16th century literature!”
When Parham wanted to write a paper on Clinton’s North Korean foreign policy, she said she “was told that I couldn’t criticize the policy because it would be offensive and hurtful!” However, other students were able to write “on why women should have abortions, why faith-based initiatives are wrong or why the Patriot Act is evil.”
Another student, Meredith Johnson, encountered a liberally biased passage in her the textbook for her Politics of Public Policy class, which her professor co-wrote. She said, “I asked him in class if the intention of this statement was to suggest that those who supported a large, active federal government – mainly Democrats – were the only people to support a ‘cohesive, peaceful, humanistic, cooperative and democratic society.’” She said he told her yes, noting that he “defended it by saying that the constitutions in Europe include many of these objectives, and that they believe American government does not do a good job with these goals, and they tend to promote a more participatory democracy.”
CONSERVATIVE PROFFESSOR DENIED TENURE
In fact, left-wing political views seem to be a condition of employment at Smith College. “Unfortunately, 95 (percent) of the political views students are exposed to in the classroom are of the angry leftist variety, which assumes that Republicans are evil and stupid,” said Economics professor Jim Miller. The Smith administration would exact a high price for his unguarded candor. “My belief is that I was denied tenure because I am a conservative Republican,” Miller told The Sophian.
Miller has taught at Smith for seven years. He related, “In April 2000, my department recommended me for reappointment by a vote of 11-0-1 and said, ‘We strongly recommend Jim Miller for reappointment…and commend him on his progress to date.’”
But that changed once National Review Online published Miller’s “Campus Colors” article, in which he criticizes the current state of academia, particularly its liberal and antiwar orientation. He wrote:
The current crisis has exposed the academy’s true colors. Whereas most Americans support the war effort, university faculties are populated by professors who only want to give peace a chance The large number of non-U.S. citizens in American colleges necessarily makes these schools less patriotic…colleges are so politically correct because leftists in many academic departments will not hire outside their intellectual gene pool…Practically the only way for a women’s-studies professor to get a lifetime college appointment is for her to contribute to the literature on why America is racist, sexist, and homophobic.
Smith College apparently believed this description hit too close to home. “(When the vote) came up for tenure in the Fall of 2002, my department voted 3-5-1 against my getting tenure,” he said. “This was very surprising. Since reappointment, I had five academic articles published or accepted for publication.” He had also written a book, Game Theory at Work, which “has been licensed for translation into three languages.”
Miller explained to The Sophian that only one major event has happened since he was reappointed: “I basically came out of the closet as a conservative.”
According to The Sophian, a faculty member in Miller’s department wrote to the tenure committee and asked that Miller be denied tenure due to this article, “in which Jim says, among other things, that ‘professors are mostly left wing’…I find it extremely disturbingly [sic.] that this could be Jim’s image of academia.”
A student who has taken four classes with Miller said he “is a very competent and engaging professor” and deserves to receive tenure. “Jim is certainly a professor who enjoys a lively classroom debate. He challenges his students to view economic and social topics from a number of different perspectives,” former student Kristina Johnson said. “He does often bring a different social or political view to the discussion, but he always encourages his students to find flaws in his arguments. I remember a particular class discussion during which Dr. Miller defended the flat tax. His points were well-argued, and though he debates passionately, his views were not radical,” she said.
She added that when two students blurted out that Miller’s ideas were “just wrong,” Miller “encouraged both of them and the rest of the class to debate” his views, helping students “attack his own view.” She added that Miller “promotes the idea that college is about critically examining one’s own beliefs through learning and understanding the beliefs of others, and that is what makes him such an effective professor.”
Miller appealed the decision and is awaiting Smith’s final decision.
Commenting on what is going on at her alma mater, Ruth Peters, who attended Smith during World War II, was appalled at the lack of “civility” on campus, particularly towards conservatives.
“That’s not right that (conservatives students) are so afraid to speak out. I blame the faculty and the administration,” she said. “The other fellow’s arguments ought to be heard. He has a right to be heard in the same way that you (liberal students) have a right to be heard. There is nothing wrong in having a different point of view.”
“The whole point of an education is to teach students how to think for themselves,” she added. “(I)f that is missing, then the whole point of the college education is gone.”
Gone is the American institution that was to be “a perennial blessing to the country.” In its place is a college where antiwar and anti-American attitudes are taught by professors and administrators, and where discrimination against conservatives is commonplace. Sophia Smith is probably rolling in her grave.
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I once read a literary critique by T.S. Elliot of William Shakespeare’s sonnets. It was highly critical. Basically, Elliot said that Shakespeare was a lousy poet. I was reminded of an ant crawling up the leg of an elephant. By what rationale could a literary pipsqueak like Elliot criticize the greatest writer in the history of the English language? He simply was not qualified.
Today I see the same hubris coming from many of the crusading atheists such as Richard Dawkins and his faithless admirers. They claim that we who believe in God have no evidence to support our belief. Well, what is the evidence for their disbelief? There is none that I am aware of. The whole discussion reminds me of the dozens and perhaps hundreds of verses in scripture that proclaim that man’s wisdom is foolishness to God. Or in other words, man’s wisdom is no such thing. Man’s wisdom is actually foolishness.
If there is no God, then either there is no universe, or the universe created itself. And whenever in all human history has anyone, believer or atheist, ever seen anything create itself? Does a tree create itself? A rock? A person? A mathematical formula? A poem or novel? What? Joseph Smith said that there never was a man who didn’t have a father, and there never was a father who was not first a son. Duh. How can there be anything spring into existence out of nothing whatever? It has never happened. It has never been witnessed or observed. And should it happen, it would violate every known law of physics.
Here are two verses from the Book of Alma in which he explains the truth of the matter to Korihor:
And now what evidence have ye that there is no God, or that Christ cometh not? I say unto you that ye have none, save it be your word only. (Alma 30:40)
But Alma said unto him: Thou hast had signs enough; will ye tempt your God? Will ye say, Show unto me a sign, when ye have the testimony of all these thy brethren, and also all the holy prophets? The scriptures are laid before thee, yea, and all things denote there is a God; yea, even the earth, and all things that are upon the face of it, yea, and its motion, yea, and also all the planets which move in their regular form do witness that there is a Supreme Creator. (Alma 30:44)
But my personal favorite is this one:
For the wisdom of this world is foolishness with God. For it is written, He taketh the wise in their own craftiness. (1 Corinthians 3:19)
All of mankind’s knowledge is less than a single drop in the vast ocean of our ignorance. Were it not so, we could not continue to progress as rapidly as we do because there would be little left to learn.
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George Bickham the Elder
George Bickham the Elder (1684–1758) was an English writing master and engraver. He is best known for his engraving work in The Universal Penman, a collection of writing exemplars which helped to popularise the English Round Hand script in the 18th century.
In 1712, Bickham wrote copy books and business texts as there was a strong link between writing and mathematics (arithmetic and bookkeeping) instruction in the mid 17th century to early 18th century. Bickham, the Elder, collected from 25 London writing masters in 1733 to create and engrave the penmanship samples forming the Universal Penman, which was reported to be the most important and popular of copy texts used by writing masters to instruct their pupils. Appearing in Bickham’s, Universal Penman, was this poem by writing master, Samuel Vaux, dated 1734, conveying that poor writing was a disgrace to the beauty of the writer: “An artless Scrawl ye blushing Scribler shames; All shou’d be fair that Beauteous Woman frames.” And then this piece hinting that calligraphy may have a role in encouraging romance: “Strive to excel, with Ease the Pen will move; And pretty line add Charms to infant Love.” (Monaghan, 2005, p. 281). George Bickham also published The British Monarchy which is a collection of 188 plates of historical notes with 43 plates of views of English and Welsh counties. They are called views rather than maps although they are presented as map-like perspectives with major towns marked.
His son George Bickham the Younger also followed in the family tradition of engraving.
- Monaghan, J. E.. Learning to read and write in colonial America, Boston, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 2005. ISBN 1558495819
|This article about a writer or poet from the United Kingdom is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|
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York has 40,862 residents. It is located in York county.
For Pennsylvania residents, the average tuition for all York law enforcement schools for the 2009 - 2010 school year was $14,097.00. For non-residents, the average tuition for York law enforcement schools was $15,665.00.
The cost, on average, for books and supplies needed for law enforcement schools in York is $1,514.00. Students living on campus at law enforcement schools in York paid an average of $8,080.00 for room and board during the 2009 - 2010 school year. Students living at home incurred costs of $2,241.00. There is one law enforcement college in York for students to choose from. 81 students were reported to have graduated from law enforcement programs in York in the 2008 - 2009 school year.
|Profession||Average Salary||Number Employed in City|
|First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Police and Detectives||$75,930.00||50|
|Detectives and Criminal Investigators||$63,830.00||30|
|Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers||$52,890.00||440|
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There are many different error codes for all kinds of Windows errors. It can be overwhelming trying to figure out what they all mean. There is a free utility called Error Messages for Windows that can help you translate those error codes into something that makes sense. Then you will have a better idea of what you will need to do to fix your the problem that is causing the error code.
Description taken from their website:
Error Messages for Windows is a small utility that will allow you to look up MS Windows error code numbers and display a descriptive message explaining what the numeric code actually means. If you have software programs that produce numeric error codes now you can find out what they really mean.
Error Messages for Windows also provides a facility to display and print all of the error codes and messages defined for your version of MS Windows.
Error Messages for Windows will run on Windows Vista and older versions of Windows. It should run fine on Windows 7 as well.
Download Error Messages for Windows from their website.
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Covid-19 pandemic affects employment in Chihuahua
CHIHUAHUA – According to the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), during April this year about 13,549 jobs were lost in Chihuahua, the highest unemployment figure since 2009.
This record shows that in March 897,260 people were insured and by April this figure dropped to 883,771 insured workers in the state.
The IMSS indicated that this is a consequence of the health emergency caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, causing the loss of more than 555,000 jobs during the fourth month of the year.
Different business organizations indicate that the suspension of activities as a result of the pandemic has generated said decrease and anticipate that even more jobs will be lost.
For this reason, they have asked the Mexican government to create the conditions for companies to reopen, generate income and avoid layoffs.
“We’ll keep losing jobs, it is going to be complicated to generate jobs if economic activity continues to decrease,” said Eduardo Ramos Morán, president of the Mexican Employers’ Confederation (Coparmex) in Juárez.
He explained that there must be coordination and mutual support between the government and entrepreneurs in order to reactivate the country’s economy after this health contingency and thus generate jobs.
For his part, Pedro Chavira, president of Index Juarez, indicated that in the case of the maquiladoras, it will be until the end of May when the companies will evaluate the economic losses generated by the cancellation of sales and contracts; as well as the solvency of the salaries of inactive employees.
Source: Net Noticias
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Background NK cells express several specialized receptors through which they recognize and discriminate virally-infected/tumor cells efficiently from healthy cells and get rid of them. peripheral blood: CD16+Compact buy SL 0101-1 disc3? and Compact disc56+Compact disc3? using stream cytometry. The reflection of inhibitory receptors (Compact disc158a, Compact disc158b, KIRp70, Compact disc85j and NKG2A) on NK subsets was elevated in HIV, when likened to NHS. But the response in HIV-TB was not really homogeneous. Enjoyment with IL-15+IL-12 fell (down-regulation of iNKRs, level of activatory receptors NKp46 and NKG2Chemical, and induction of coreceptor NKp80. IL-15+IL-12 is normally not really most likely to end up being of worth when co-infected with TB most likely credited to the impact of tuberculosis. Launch Organic Murderer (NK) cells represent a extremely specific lymphoid people that absence antigen particular receptors, but can lyse growth and virus-infected cells, without prior sensitization . They buy SL 0101-1 exhibit a buy SL 0101-1 range of nonexclusive phenotypic indicators such as Compact disc16 typically, CD56, CD57, and to some degree CD8 . Unlike Capital t and M lymphocytes, NK cells do not rearrange genes encoding receptors for antigen acknowledgement, but they have developed the ability to identify self-MHC class I or class IClike substances through a unique class of receptors, NK cell receptors (NKRs), that can prevent or activate NK cell killing . The effector functions of NK cells are finely regulated by a series of inhibitory or activating receptors . The inhibitory receptors, specific for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I substances, allow NK cells to discriminate between normal cells and cells Rabbit Polyclonal to RPS11 that have lost the manifestation of MHC class I. Accordingly, lack of connection of these receptors with MHC class I substances may result in the killing of the target cells . This happens when target cells have lost or communicate insufficient amounts of MHC class I substances. The inhibitory form of NK receptors provides the protecting immunity through realizing class I MHC substances with self-peptides on healthy sponsor cells. The activating or the noninhibitory NK receptors mediate the killing of tumor or virally infected cells through their specific ligand acknowledgement . The inhibitory NK receptors (iNKRs) which are responsible for delivering inhibitory signal include the human being monster cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs), leukocyte Ig-like receptors (LIRs) and users of NKG2 family. All the iNKRs have characteristic immuno tyrosine inhibitory motifs (ITIM) in their intracellular website through which the intracellular transmission transduction requires place. In contrast, activating receptors carry immuno tyrosine service motifs (ITAM) in their cytoplasmic website. Activating receptors include 2B4, the natural cytotoxicity receptors- NKp46, NKp30, and NKp44, the noninhibitory isoforms of KIRs and LIRs, CD94/NKG2C and CD94/NKG2E heterodimers, and NKG2M homodimer. Despite considerable progress in the recent years, many of the intriguing and specific NK receptors are still poorly recognized with respect to ligand specificity and signaling properties. NK cells from HIV-infected individuals experienced been demonstrated to show reduced natural cytotoxicity and more so in individuals co-infected with TB . The present study hypothesizes that the NK receptors, which are known to involve in cytotoxicity might become affected during HIV illness. In buy SL 0101-1 this framework, the appearance profile of numerous NK receptors in infected and un-infected individuals was analyzed separately on CD56+ and CD16+ cells. The stimulatory effect of cytokines on NK activity offers been well recorded . IL-2Cactivated NK cells are known to increase the lytic activity compared with circulating NK cells and are able to lyse normally NK cellCresistant focuses on . The potential effects of IL-15+ IL-12 on the enhancement of NK activity in HIV positive individuals possess been shown by us , , . Hence, the present study assessed the effect of IL-15+ IL-12 on the appearance of NK surface receptors in HIV positive individuals with and without TB co-infection. Strategies and Components Research Individuals and Values This research was approved by the Institutional values panel. All of the the research individuals were informed approximately the scholarly research process and gave written permission to participate in this research. Sufferers had been hired from the Federal government Medical center of Thoracic Medication, Tambaram Sanatorium, Between Sept 2007 and Walk 2009 Chennai. Healthful volunteers from the lab had been hired as regular healthful subjects. The study participants comprise of four organizations which included normal healthy subjects [NHS, In?=?15, age?=?22C29 (median?=?23)], pulmonary tuberculosis individuals [TB, N?=?15, age?=?22C55 (median?=?39)], HIV-infected individuals [HIV, N?=?15, age?=?23C44 (median?=?30)] and HIV co-infected tuberculosis individuals (HIV-TB, N?=?15, age?=?26C46 (median?=?34)]. The TB individuals were diagnosed centered on medical manifestation standard for radiologic analysis and sputum smear positivity. HIV seropositivity was identified by 2 quick EIAs: HIV.
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In recent decades, the United States has experienced substantial growth in the prison population. While crime rates have dramatically declined over time, the rising number of jobless individuals has gone in the opposite direction and have gone up. One of the most significant factors behind this growth is the causes of recidivism by state. A recidivism rate is defined as the percentage of individuals serving time for a crime who are repeat offenders. This sort of rate is very important to understand because it depicts the number of recidivism cases which are on the upswing.
There are two primary components to correctional institutions, those being mandatory sentences and using drug programs. These two components are designed to target criminal behavior. However, they also increase the probability of returning to deviant behavior examples and other causes of recidivism through the lack of the development of job skills. A person who returns to a delinquent lifestyle can further escalate their crimes because of lack of skills. Thus, a primary part of reducing recidivism includes improving job skills.
The Decaress Smith is a man who spent over 25 years of his life behind bars. And most of that time he was in a federal penitentiary. His life of crime and deviant behavior examples included over 900 burglaries. But the causes of recidivism in his life are fascinating because he is a man that has survived the crack epidemic of the 80s. He has seen firsthand in this life the results of all that hard work spent committing crimes. And the results of all his years in criminal activity ended in no successful gain whatsoever.
Much of the deviant behavior examples that Decaress Smith exhibited came from the betrayal of his own associates. When he was finally caught along with his associates for their long stretch of robberies, the ones who got away took all the cash and items from their heists and spent it leaving him with nothing. And in another deviant behavior example of false loyalty, one of his associates implicated him in a prostitution sting involving the now discontinued publication Backpage.
Mandatory sentences and excessive force are commonly associated with punitive mechanisms utilized in prisons. However, these mechanisms aren’t the only things that lead to recidivism within correctional institutions. The evolution of social issues within prisons is also a key cause of recidivism. The most common social problems related to recidivism include the lack of job skills and unemployment, substance abuse, self-destructive behavior, and gang affiliation. These are what truly contributes to the causes of recidivism.
Causes of Recidivism in the life Of The Reprobate And the Repugnant
It took Decaress Smith 16 years to finally conclude that his life was going in the wrong direction. And that direction eventually would have ended his life in a Boot Hill death. Boot Hill is the resting place of the forgotten, the disregarded, and those no one cares for. It’s there where Decaress Smith says “you won’t even be buried by your name. You will be buried as a number, that’s it”.
It was during that time behind bars that Decaress Smith saw firsthand the lowest levels of Depravity amongst Human beings. The bludgeoning, the raping, the rampant homosexuality, the gun play, and yes inmates somehow got guns behind bars. He witnessed It all And more with his own eyes. Human beings are at their lowest level of existence. People are completely void of sanity, reason, or logic.
Job skill deficiencies are often the reason for recidivism in juvenile facilities. According to research conducted in correctional facilities across the United States, low job performance is the number one factor that reduces the rate of success in juvenile rehabilitation. It’s this statistic that is the number one reason behind the causes of recidivism. Low job performance could result from inadequate education, inadequate training, poor physical health, and low motivation. A lack of adequate education leads to low academic achievement, which leads to low job performance and eventually to recidivism. Similarly, insufficient training and poor physical health weaken rehabilitation efforts. Additionally, inmates are in danger of injury if they do not follow sanitary rules and safety regulations.
Deviant Behavior Examples and Police Misconduct
Another significant cause of recidivism is excessive force. Police officers and corrections officers are often hired and placed in high-risk positions because of their physical strength, which makes them capable of apprehending violent and dangerous criminals. However, they are not equipped with proper techniques and training for handling prisoners, which contributes to an increased rate of inmate-on-prisoner violence. Parole officers are also placed in high-risk positions due to their physical strength but are not trained in basic prisoner restraint or crime scene protocol.
The most common mistake committed by correctional officers is providing a meal or water into a severely ill or injured inmate. According to research, prisoner-on-prisoner violence happens when officers fail to properly treat sick and wounded prisoners. Prisoners are often left with severe injuries and broken bones if they’re not attended to immediately. These episodes may have lasting effects on the victim, such as psychological trauma, substance abuse, or employment discrimination. Offenders that recidivate are often punished more seriously and therefore are housed in prisons with more severe levels of confinement compared to those who do not commit crimes.
Causes of Recidivism, Gender and Race
Causes of recidivism also include the number and severity of crimes committed by criminals. Women and men who commit criminal acts are more likely to become recidivated than those who do not, no matter how severe their offense may be. The rate of recidivism will also differ between generations, gender, and race. Women and men who commit crimes are more likely to be released early due to the higher chance of them getting recidivation. As a result of this, offenders who are female or younger tend to remain in jail until they’re an adult, whereas men and/or white males are more likely to commit offenses during their adult life and are therefore more likely to recidivate.
An offender’s social surroundings and/or demographics can affect whether or not he or she will commit crimes again. People that are exposed to high levels of gang activity are more likely to become recidivates. Those who reside in poverty or have a criminal background are also more likely to commit crimes because of the very low self-esteem and lack of motivation that often goes along with living in poverty. People who have access to alcohol or drugs are also more likely to commit crimes. Recognizing what causes of recidivism will help officials to design a better correctional program for recidivating offenders.
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Rumex crispus (Curled Dock) is a species of perennial herb in the family Polygonaceae. They have a self-supporting growth form. They are native to Mongolia, Tunisia, Romania, Portugal, North Korea, Taiwan, South Korea, Switzerland, Syria, Poland, Lebanon, Iraq, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Turkey, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine, Morocco, Japan, The Netherlands, Lithuania, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Israel, Norway, Western North America, Russia, Thailand, United Kingdom, Libya, Moldova, Uzbekistan, Sweden, Latvia, Myanmar, Iran, and Kazakhstan. They have simple, broad leaves and achene. Flowers are visited by Viceroy. Individuals can grow to 0.73 m.
EOL has data for 31 attributes, including:
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The Alabama Youth Ballet Company is a non-profit 501(C)3 educational arts corporation and is presently the performing wing of The Stevan Grebel Center for Dance. It offers pre-professional dancers the opportunity to train and perform with directors Stevan and Deborah Grebel through high-quality classes and featuring classical and contemporary ballet performances.
It has grown out of a desire and a vision to contribute and promote dance education through performances and community outreach in the Jefferson/Shelby County area as well as throughout the state of Alabama.
Official company auditions are held twice a year, in May and July, as well as on a continuous basis by invitation and class evaluation. Placement auditions are for dancers ages 8 and up for the junior and senior level companies.
At times, professional guest artists will be invited for master classes and to perform with the company. All dancers perform in a pre-professional company which adheres to the finest standards. The dancers learn to work as a part of one body, as well as discovering their utmost potential as individuals. They learn and prepare for all aspects of dance company involvement, including: how to audition, professional attitude and etiquette, how to dress, apply make-up, as well as stage craft and stage management.
Youth Ballet involvement requires a high degree of commitment and time spent in classes, rehearsals, stage preparation; as well as the ability to follow directions, along with self-discipline. The Alabama Youth Ballet is non-discriminating and offers young dance students the ability to grow and learn in a positive, self-fulfilling, and disciplined atmosphere that will enhance their self-esteem and build their knowledge of the world of professional dance - in the classroom and on the stage. Students will also study with guest teachers and perform with quest artists and choreographers.
You do not have to be a student at Grebel Center for Dance to become a member of the Alabama Youth Ballet Company. Non-Grebel students may join for a fee of $500/year which covers all fees and more. You will be responsible to pay for required company classes.
*Perform the classics as well as new modern works. Work with great coaches who love working with young people. *Community performances, touring opportunities, school performances, Nutcracker
Contact The Stevan Grebel Center for Dance at 205-987-7234 to schedule an appointment to audition, or to schedule a performance.
Students auditioning should wear leotards, tights and ballet slippers.
Male dancers may wear tights, a close fitting white t-shirt and ballet shoes.
Dancers on pointe should bring pointe shoes.
By Appointment - Grebel Dance studios, Saturdays 11am - 12:30PM. Call 205-987-7234 or email for more information: firstname.lastname@example.org Audition fee is $20 (cash only).
NUTCRACKER AUDITIONS - Saturday, Sept. 17, 2016 Audition Fee: $20 (cash only) Nutcracker Fee: $100 for ages 11 and under, $200 for ages 12 and up non-AYBC MEMBERS (included in AYBC membership package @$100) includes: all rehearsal time, costume rental and cleaning. All students participating in Ballet III-VI roles, are required to take class before each rehearsal and required to be at all rehearsals. Rehearsals are every Saturday and/or Sunday and some T/W/Th during the week. Non-AYBC Students are required to pay the regular rate for classes before rehearsals. We try to make the schedules as easy as possible for everyone. No rehearsals Thanksgiving weekend.
JOIN THE AYBC Junior or Senior Company in May and receive company summer workshop prices of $200-$300 per month.
Bill & Gincie Upton Brian & Jessica Newman Steven & Susan White John & Gracie Johnsey Maurice & Amanda Mercer Ron Scott Marta Portillo-Duarte Craig & Sabrina Murray Linda Gilbert Tim & Amanda Brice Chris Townes
Stevan Grebel Center for Dance Stevan and Deborah Grebel, Directors 2639 Pelham Parkway, Pelham, Alabama, 35124 Shelby County's only pre-professional dance program. Teaching Dance in the Birmingham area for 44 years!
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On a recent auditing trip to monitor Ducks Unlimited’s efforts to restore wetlands in Saskatchewan, Louisiana’s waterfowl study leader was encouraged by both the number of birds and the habitat conditions he witnessed firsthand.
Larry Reynolds, with the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, made the trip as part of the state’s current three-year contract with DU.
The conservation organization currently receives 10 percent of the state’s basic hunting license fees, or about $300,000 annually, to develop and preserve breeding grounds, and Reynolds makes a trip to Canada during the contract period to monitor their efforts.
The state money contributed to DU-Canada is matched by DU, Inc., resulting in about$600,000. By working on projects in Canada, Reynolds said that amount is then matched by the North American Wetlands Conservation Act, resulting in about $1.2 million for the projects annually.
“I can tell you that on that part of the breeding grounds, which is where Louisiana-hunter money is being used, the wetland conditions are excellent,” Reynolds said. “It may be even a little too wet in some places because some of the wetland basins are so deep that a lot of the emergent vegetation that the broods use to hide is kind of flooded out.
“But those water levels are going to drop from now through July. That’s pretty normal. Those basins lose a foot to a foot-and-a-half of water, so they may be in better shape to hide broods later on in the season.”
Much of DU’s focus in southern Saskatchewan is converting grain to grass, and plugging ditches that had been created to drain wetlands, Reynolds said.
“They’re taking agricultural fields that were growing canola or wheat or barley and converting it to grass cover which cattle will use,” he said. “They’re restoring the wetlands. And it happens pretty quickly — it just takes a year or two.”
Reynolds said he saw virtually every species of duck during his visit, but blue-winged teal were by far the most common.
“Every place that we went that held water, there were a pair or two of blue-winged teal,” he said. “Mallards and blue-winged teal were the most abundant. After that, gadwall, pintails, redheads, scaup, canvasbacks, ruddy ducks and widgeon.
“But I would say with pretty good confidence that 19 out of 20 wetlands that we passed had a pair of blue-wings on them.”
DU’s efforts in converting grain to grass are important because of the nesting habits of many ducks, especially blue-winged teal and gadwall that are so popular with Louisiana hunters, he said.
“Almost all of these ducks are ground-nesting ducks and their nests are out in the field, it’s not even in marshy grass,” he said. “They’ll be as far as a mile away from a pond.
“That’s why this is so important because those ducks are out in the field away from the ponds in thicker clumps of grass laying eggs.”
For up-to-date information on breeding conditions and aerial surveys throughout the flyway, visit www.flyways.us.
|Several pairs of ducks can be seen in this photo taken by Larry Reynolds during his recent trip to southern Saskatchewan to monitor Ducks Unlimited wetlands restoration projects.|
louisianasportsman.com is a supplement to Louisiana Sportsman Magazine.
Copyright © 1999 - 2016 Louisiana Sportsman, Inc. All rights reserved.
Please contact our WebMaster if you experience problems with the website.
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Lesson 5 October 26–November 1
Read for This Week’s Study: 2 Chron. 33:12-13; 2 Sam. 14:1–11; Lev. 4:27–31; Jer. 17:1; Lev. 10:16–18; Mic. 7:18–20.
Memory Text: “Knowing that you were not redeemed with perishable things like silver or gold from your futile way of life inherited from your forefathers, but with precious blood, as of a lamb unblemished and spotless, the blood of Christ” (1 Peter 1:18, 19, NASB).
The sacrificial system is, probably, the best known part of the sanctuary service because it’s the part that points directly to Christ’s sacrifice. The blood of the animal that died for the sinner becomes a symbol for the blood of Christ, who died for us.
This week we will study several concepts linked to the “purification offering” (also called “sin offering”), which was God’s appointed way of helping us to understand better how He is reconciling us to Himself through the only true sacrifice, Jesus Christ. At times this lesson, uses the term purification offering instead of sin offering to avoid the impression that, for instance, giving birth is regarded as moral fault because the new mother had to present such an offering (Lev. 12:5–8). This sacrifice is best understood as a purification offering for her ritual impurity, and not as a sacrifice because of sin.
Study this week’s lesson to prepare for Sabbath, November 2.
Sunday October 27
As anyone who knows the Lord can testify, sin separates us from God. The good news is that the Lord has put in place a system to heal the breach caused by sin and to bring us back to Him. At the center of this system is, of course, the sacrifice.
There are basically three kinds of sin depicted in the Old Testament, each corresponding to the sinner’s level of awareness while he or she committed the transgression: inadvertent or unintentional sin, deliberate or intentional sin, and rebellious sin. The “purification offering” prescribed in Leviticus 4:1–5:13 applied to cases of unintentional sin, as well as some cases of deliberate sin (Lev. 5:1). While an offering was available for these first two categories, none is mentioned for rebellious sin, the most heinous kind. Rebellious sin was done “in the face” of God, with a high hand, and the rebel deserved nothing less than to be cut off (Num. 15:29–31); however, it seems that even in these cases, such as with Manasseh, God offered forgiveness (see 2 Chron. 33:12-13).
Read Deuteronomy 25:1-2 and 2 Samuel 14:1–11. What does 2 Samuel 14:9 reveal about mercy, justice, and guilt?
Is God justified in forgiving the sinner? After all, is not the sinner unrighteous and, therefore, worthy to be condemned (see Deut. 25:1)?
The story of the woman of Tekoa can illustrate the answer. Pretending to be a widow as instructed by Joab, she went to King David, seeking his judgment. Joab contrived a story about her two sons, one having killed the other, that he asked her to tell David. Israelite law demanded the death of the murderer (Num. 35:31), even though he was the only male left in the family. The woman pleaded with David (who functioned as judge) to let the guilty son go free.
Then, interestingly enough, she declared: “ ‘let the iniquity be on me and on my father’s house, and the king and his throne be guiltless’ ” (2 Sam. 14:9, NKJV). Both the woman and David understood that if the king would decide to let the murderer go free, then the king himself would acquire the guilt of the murderer and that his throne of justice (that is, his reputation as judge) would be in jeopardy. The judge was morally responsible for what he decided. That is why the woman offered to take over this guilt herself.
Similarly, God takes over the guilt of sinners in order to declare them righteous. For us to be forgiven, God Himself must bear our punishment. This is the legal reason why Christ had to die if we were to be saved.
Monday October 28
Read Leviticus 4:27–31. What ritual activities were performed along with the sacrifice?
The goal of the offering was to remove sin and guilt from the sinner, to transfer responsibility to the sanctuary, and to let the sinner leave forgiven and cleansed. (In extremely rare cases one could bring a certain amount of fine flour as a purification offering, and although this purification offering was bloodless, it was understood that “without shedding of blood there is no forgiveness” [Heb. 9:22, NASB]).
The ritual itself included the laying on of hands, the death of the animal, blood manipulation, the burning of fat, and the eating of the animal’s flesh. The sinner who brought the offering was granted forgiveness, but only after the blood ritual.
A crucial part of this process involved the laying on of hands (Lev. 1:4, 4:4, 16:21). This was done so that the offering “may be accepted for him to make atonement on his behalf” (Lev. 1:4, NASB). The offering applied only for the one who put his hands on the animal’s head. According to Leviticus 16:21, the laying on of hands would be accompanied by a confession of sin; this would acknowledge the transfer of sin from the sinner to the innocent animal.
The slaughter was, of course, basic to any animal offering. After the animal was killed, the spilled blood was used to make atonement on the altar (Lev. 17:11). Because the sins had been transferred to the animal by the laying on of hands, we should understand the death of the animal as a substitutionary death. The animal died in the place of the sinner. This may explain why the act of killing the animal had to be performed by the sinner, by the guilty one, and not by the priest.
Next time you are tempted to sin, envision Jesus dying on the cross and see yourself putting your hands on His head and confessing your sins over Him. How might this concept, played out in your mind, help you to understand just what it cost in order to be forgiven? How could this idea help you to resist succumbing to that temptation?
Tuesday October 29
“The sin of Judah is written with a pen of iron, and with the point of a diamond: it is graven upon the table of their heart, and upon the horns of your altars.” (Jer. 17:1).
After the laying on of hands and the death of the animal, the next ritual activity in the offering was the handling of the blood. The priest applied the sacrificial blood to the horns of the altar. Because blood was involved, this ritual part had to do with atonement (Lev. 17:11). If the sinner was a commoner or a leader, the blood was applied on the altar of burnt offering (Lev. 4:25, 30); if the high priest or the entire congregation was the sinner, the blood was applied to the inner altar, the altar of incense (Lev. 4:7, 18).
What did it mean to smear blood on the horns of the altar? The horns were the highest points of the altar and, as such, could signify the vertical dimension of salvation. The blood was brought into the presence of God.
Jeremiah 17:1 is of particular importance for understanding what happens: the sin of Judah is engraved “upon the tablet of their heart, and on the horns of their altars” (NASB). Although the text is referring to altars involved in idolatrous worship, the principle remains the same: the altar reflected the moral condition of the people. Blood transferred the guilt of sin. The blood smeared on the horns of the altar transferred sin away from the sinner to the sanctuary, a crucially important truth in order for us to understand the plan of salvation as revealed in the earthly sanctuary service, which symbolizes the work of Christ in heaven for us.
Because the blood carried sin, it also defiled the sanctuary. We find an example of this defiling in cases where the blood of the purification offering splashed accidentally on a garment. The garment needed to be cleansed, not just anywhere, but only “in a holy place” (Lev. 6:27, NKJV).
Finally, the burning of the fat on the altar indicated that everything about the purification offering belonged to God (Lev. 3:16).
Thanks to the death of Jesus, symbolized by those sacrifices, our sin has been taken away from us, placed on Him, and transferred to the heavenly sanctuary. This is central to the plan of salvation.
How does the sanctuary service help us to understand our utter dependence on God for forgiveness of our sins? What comfort does this truth bring you? At the same time, what important responsibilities follow? (See 1 Peter 1:22.)
Wednesday October 30
Read Leviticus 6:25-26; 10:16–18. What crucial truth is revealed here?
By eating the offering at a holy place, the officiating priest would “bear away the guilt” of the offender. The meat of this offering was not just payment for the priests’ services (otherwise Moses would not have been so angry with Aaron’s sons for not eating of it), but it was a crucial part of the atonement.
How does the eating of the sacrifice contribute to the process of atonement? Eating was required only of those offerings in which blood did not enter the holy place; that is, the offerings of the leader and the commoner. The Bible explicitly said that by eating the sacrifice the priests would “bear away the guilt,” which would “make atonement” for the sinner. To carry the sinner’s guilt implies that the sinner now goes free.
In the Hebrew, Exodus 34:7 says that God “carries iniquity,” the same two Hebrew words used in Leviticus 10:16, where it’s clear that the act of the priest’s carrying the sin is what brings forgiveness to the sinner. Otherwise, without that transfer, the sinner would have to bear his own sin (Lev. 5:1), and that, of course, would lead to death (Rom. 6:23).
The priest’s work of bearing another’s sin is exactly what Christ did for us. He died in our place. We conclude, then, that the priestly work at the earthly sanctuary typifies Christ’s work for us, because He has taken upon Himself the guilt of our sins.
“The blessing comes because of pardon; pardon comes through faith that the sin, confessed and repented of, is borne by the great Sin-bearer. Thus from Christ cometh all our blessings. His death is an atoning sacrifice for our sins. He is the great medium through whom we receive the mercy and favor of God. He, then, is indeed the Originator, the Author, as well as the Finisher, of our faith.”—Ellen G. White, Manuscript Releases, vol. 9, p. 302.
Imagine standing before God in judgment. What would you lean on—your good works, your Sabbath keeping, all the nice things you had done and all the bad things you hadn’t done? Do you really think this would be enough to justify you before a holy and perfect God? If not, what’s your only hope in that judgment?
Thursday October 31
Read Micah 7:18–20. What picture of God do we find in this passage?
The last three verses of the book of Micah focus on the relationship of God with His remnant. The text describes beautifully why God is unrivaled. He is incomparable because of His forgiving love and grace. The outstanding characteristic of God, as revealed in Micah (and elsewhere), is His willingness to forgive. Micah emphasizes this point by using various expressions for God’s attributes (vs. 18) and achievements (vss. 19, 20). His attributes and achievements are explained in the language of the Israelite Credo in Exodus 34:6-7, one of the most beloved biblical descriptions of the character of God.
Interestingly, several crucial words in Micah 7:18–20 are also used in the Servant Song in Isaiah 53, pointing to the fact that the means of forgiveness comes from the One who is suffering for the people.
Unfortunately, not everyone will enjoy God’s saving grace. God’s forgiveness is neither cheap nor automatic. It involves loyalty. Those who have experienced His grace respond in kind, such as we see in Micah 6:8, a central text in the book. Just as God “delights in unchanging love,” NASB, He calls His remnant to “love kindness” NASB. His people will imitate God’s character. Their lives will reflect His love, compassion, and kindness.
In the Bible, Micah 7:18–20, with its emphasis on forgiveness, is immediately followed by Nahum 1:2-3, with its emphasis on judgment. This unfolds the two dimensions of God’s dealings with us: forgiving the repentant and punishing the wicked. Both sides belong to God. He is Savior and Judge. These two aspects of God’s character are complementary, not contrary. A compassionate God can also be a just God. Knowing this, we can rest assured in His love, in His forgiveness, and in His ultimate justice.
Read Micah 6:8. What good is a profession of faith without these principles to reveal the reality of that profession? What’s easier, to claim faith in Jesus or to live out that faith, as expressed in Micah 6:8? How can you better do the latter?
Friday November 1
Further Study: Ellen G. White, “The Tabernacle and Its Services,” pp. 343–358, in Patriarchs and Prophets.
“As Christ at His ascension appeared in the presence of God to plead His blood in behalf of penitent believers, so the priest in the daily ministration sprinkled the blood of the sacrifice in the holy place in the sinner’s behalf.
“The blood of Christ, while it was to release the repentant sinner from the condemnation of the law, was not to cancel the sin; it would stand on record in the sanctuary until the final atonement; so in the type the blood of the purification offering removed the sin from the penitent, but it rested in the sanctuary until the Day of Atonement.”—Ellen G. White, Patriarchs and Prophets, p. 357.
Joseph’s heart pounded as the mob raged toward him. “Beat him!” someone yelled. “Kill him!” another echoed.
Joseph hadn’t been a Christian long. In his zeal to share his new faith with others, he had come to this village as a Global Mission pioneer to teach others about Christ. Some listened, but others were angry that a Christian had come to stir up their village. They found Joseph and demanded vengeance.
Joseph prayed as the mob surrounded him. Then he spoke to the leader, who brandished a sword. “Brother, I’ve come in peace and in the name of Jesus,” he said. “My God wants to be your God, too.”
The crowd quieted, and the leader challenged Joseph with his eyes. “My little girl has been paralyzed for six years. She can’t move, and she can’t speak. If your God can heal my daughter, then we will leave you alone. But if not, then we will kill you.” The man turned and walked toward his home. The mob pushed Joseph to follow. Joseph and the mob leader entered the house together.
Joseph looked at Kamala, the little girl, and realized that only a miracle would save her life-and his. He knelt by her bed and asked God to heal Kamala if it was His will. “Help this family to understand that You are the all-powerful God,” he prayed.
Joseph finished his prayer and stood up. He continued to silently pray for the child, and within minutes Kamala moved slightly. She stretched one leg and then the other; then she stretched her arms. Slowly she sat up. The family watched, speechless with joy, as Kamala pulled herself up on her once-withered legs and took a step.
“My daughter!” Kamala’s mother whispered. The girl smiled and walked slowly toward her mother. Tearfully the man who had planned to kill Joseph hugged him. “I want to know about your God,” he said.
News of the girl’s miraculous healing spread rapidly through the village. Many wanted to know about Joseph’s God. The man who had brandished a sword and planned to kill Joseph now works with him to teach others about the living God. Dozens have turned to Jesus and worship Him instead of their former gods.
Our mission offerings help support the work of men and women such as Joseph who serve as Global Mission pioneers around the world. Thank you for having a part in the work of God through your offerings.
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The success or failure of a commercial kitchen, or food production facility will often hinge on the layout. For a commercial kitchen or production site to work efficiently, the process must flow; this will mean planning for the movement of produce, materials, equipment and staff. When planning the layout and areas, a key consideration should be drainage.
Drainage is a fixed service built into the facility; often other equipment such as work benches or machinery can be relocated and electrics can be installed after the fact. However, drainage layouts can be expensive if not impossible to remedy due to being cast into floor slabs and gradients in the floors directing water towards them. Therefore, it is advisable to fully consider how drainage is used, and the product selections made available at an early stage in the planning process.
Using modular systems enables designers to create layouts catering to the unique requirements of each project. Food production facilities rarely operate in exactly the same way due to the nature of varying processes and end products; therefore, drainage systems will need to be adaptable to each facility. Modular systems have the benefit of using standard sizes from tried and tested systems with the flexibility of creating unique layouts. Often a channel drain or slot drain in fixed metre lengths and connecting sump can provide perfectly adequate solutions off the shelf with little or no lead time from order. Custom systems can be selected and fabricated should off the shelf solutions be unable to fully cater for the needs of the project.
The requirements of drainage systems will depend on the application. The drain may only need to cater for occasional and small amounts of surface water separating wet and dry areas, i.e., a slot drain running across the entrance to a walk-in chiller. Alternatively, the system may need to cater for regular flows of surface water, say a washdown area, or allowing for an equipment failure event. Slot drains have low impact on areas; however, a large sudden release of liquid could hydraulically bridge a small reveal, while a wider channel would allow for better capture of the liquid but would be over-engineering in some situations. Correct product selection is imperative to ensuring successful operation of the drains in all situations.
Other considerations include grate openings, slip resistance and load capacity. If the drainage system is in a butchery or rendering plant, the area may need to be regularly washed down, and the grate will need to allow for large solids to pass through the openings and collect in a strainer basket. If located in a production facility, there might be trolleys or machinery moving produce around. If a large grate opening were selected here the wheels could become caught; equally the load capacity of the system needs to cater for machinery (e.g., forklifts). Restaurant kitchens are fast paced, requiring drains to quickly remove spilled liquid; a high slip resistance will be required here as staff frequently move around in flat footwear (as opposed to gumboots), service staff may be wearing shoes with heels or this could be situated in an open market or hybrid retail environment so the type of pedestrian traffic is also a consideration.
Allproof uses stainless steel to manufacture the MC range of modular commercial kitchen drainage. The use of stainless steel provides a material that is free from pores or cracks that could house bacteria, and has a durable surface that will maintain its integrity and is easy to wash down. This off the shelf, locally manufactured drainage solution will meet the requirements of all food preparation applications. Being made in NZ, lead times, site support and pricing stability are a given and will lead your specification to a perfectly completed project.
Food Production Facility Drainage Products:
Food Production Drain Brochure:
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Adverbs those often cause difficulty – still, yet, and already.
Finished watching the lesson, now it’s time to take a test to see how much have you learned from this lesson.
Three adverbs that often cause difficulty are still, yet, and already. They are all used when actions are going to happen, or are expected to happen, or were unexpected around the present time. Here we go into more detail about the difference between still, yet and already.
Still – Still is used to talk about an action or situation which continues to the present because it has not finished.It often refers to something happening for a longer period than expected. Still is followed by a verb and sometimes by an adjective and it goes in the middle of a sentence.
Often we use still and yet together in a sentence to explain why an action is being continued.
I am still going to the college because I haven’t passed my last year yet.
We still don’t know who will be our new boss. The owners haven’t told us yet.
Already – We use already to talk about things that have happened often sooner than expected. It goes in the middle or at the end of a sentence just before or after a verb and is commonly used with the present perfect or past perfect. Already is also used to show surprise.
She’s fixed it already.
Have you both met already met?
It’s 12’o clock already?
I hope this lesson clears your doubts about when and how to use these adverbs.
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Some good comments that deserve at least a brief reply. I am sorry I cannot do justice to all of them.
It is not satisfactory to define”public use” as some facility or activity available to everyone. For does that mean it is free? If so, that rules out government-owned toll roads. Government activities that charge a fee are not much different in this regard than private goods, such as privately owned stadiums, even when they receive government subsidies.
I do believe the right to own land is as fundamental as the right to own any other property, although the importance of land in an economy declines sharply with economic development. This is one of two major reasons why Henry George’s single tax is not attractive. The second reason is that such a tax discourages improvements in land since it is virtually impossible to get a “pure” land tax. So a land tax affects incentives, just like taxes on other capital.
Some stressed the distinction between local government activities that net create jobs and other economic benefits from local governments that simply transfer jobs, etc from elsewhere. In a depressed community with heavy unemployment, some net benefit may be achievable. However, in the vast majority of cases, it is mainly a transfer either from other communities, or from other sectors in the same community. This is the source of the basic flaw in claims that government-financed stadiums, for example, will create jobs and other benefits. Virtually all the benefits are transfers from elsewhere in the community, although some are transfers from other communities, as when out of towners come to games or watch them on television.
I stressed that there may be “hold up” problems where some property owners try to capture most of the surplus from a larger project. I also indicated that is mitigated, often crucially, by the fact that different potential sites can be used for a stadium, new road, power plant, etc. The many private projects that combine separately owned properties to build shopping centers, etc proves that hold outs can often be overcome without invoking eminent domain. The right to eminent domain simply eliminates the need to think creatively about how to do this.
Some of you questioned whether it is possible to determine the minimum price that people would accept for their properties. But the market does this all the time since that is what voluntary property transactions are all about. Hold out problems aside, no new problems are raised by assessing the values people attach to their properties. If the 87 year old woman who lived in her house since birth did not want to sell at the government’s price, why should the government have the right to force her to accept their offer, and perhaps make her miserable and destroy her happiness? They should have to do what private business must do all the time: either offer her a price that she accepts, or alter their plans to avoid the need to get her property.
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In celebration of International Women’s Day 2012 (March 8), The Daily Beast hosted its annual Women in the World Summit, a three-day event that highlights challenges of the modern woman across the globe. With an aim to showcase the fearlessness of women, and to incite action and involvement, the event included a wide panel of speakers—including past guest and peace activist Leymah Gbowee.
On Friday, March 9, Gbowee welcomed cheers as she discussed her views on the current debates on contraception and abortion. “It’s time for women to stop being politely angry.” She added, “Why are these women not angry and beating men left and right?”
Our October 2011 conversation with Gbowee, a columnist for The Daily Beast and one of three recipients of the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize, details her book, Mighty Be Our Powers, and the struggles faced by women in politics. Her efforts in banding together Liberia’s Muslim and Christian women in peaceful protest paved the way for a democratic election of its first female head of state.
Watch the conversation to hear her personal struggle for women’s rights and share your thoughts.
“Those women who had seen the worst decided we will step out; we will do what we have to do. Even if we die trying, we will do it…Because the one thing I keep saying to the young women and to my colleagues, we’ve left a legacy…but all of those legacies will only be a legacy if we have young women to walk in our shoes when we leave the stage.”
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The Moulding machine mod.A/3E is a machine for the automatic moulding of the thermoplastic counters. Its high degree of electronic automation allows the operator to adjust the machine very fast and in full safety as the adjustments are made by touch-screen. Its high degree of electronic automation allows the operator to adjust the machine very fast and in full safety as the adjustments are made by touch-screen. It is also equipped by a system of memorization dates for an easier filing recipes work. The Moulding machine mod. A/3E by a control of three axis with brushless motors insert the counters always in the right way inside the mould giving a great precision to the product. The heating of thermoplastic counters by the temperature check pid of the lamps infrared, keeps the planned temperature giving to the counters an uniformity of production. The cooling of the mould is made by liquid antifreeze supplied by a very powerful refrigerator which is able to freeze the mould also with high production of counters. At the end the counters are grouped in a reorganiser group where by the quantity set by the computer the finished product is grouped. The silence, the safety and the energetic saving are the particular characteristics of this machine.
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Snakes, Sinners and the Savior
"For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life." But do you know what He said one second before that verse?
John 3:12-18 "If I have told you earthly things and you do not believe, how will you believe if I tell you heavenly things?13 "No one has ascended to heaven but He who came down from heaven, that is, the Son of Man who is in heaven.14 "And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of Man be lifted up,15 "that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have eternal life.16 "For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life.17 "For God did not send His Son into the world to condemn the world, but that the world through Him might be saved.18 "He who believes in Him is not condemned; but he who does not believe is condemned already, because he has not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God. NKJV
What is the setting? Snakes, Sinners and the Savior. Jesus uses a strange scene, snakes attacking and killing people as the backdrop for John 3:16 and the God who so loved that He gave. Wow what a lesson, what a passage, and what a joy to learn from Jesus the Message of Salvation!
Welcome to the Gospel of Jesus Christ!
What is the Gospel? Christ Jesus answers through the book He prompted John to write as the Apostle captures numerous powerful scenes where our Lord Jesus Christ explains the truth about salvation. We have already seen Jesus describing believers as those who:
Possess Jesus Christ; understand salvation is only by substitution; have been overwhelmed by the Holy Spirit; hang on to Christ alone; and finally -- get to start life over again -only this time brand new and in the right way
Jesus is in an evening visit by seeking Bible Teacher named Nicodemus. The Nicodemus of the New Testament, may have been the Nicodemus known in secular history as Nicodemus ben Gurion. If so he was the 3rd richest man of early 1st Century Israel. His brother was Josephus ben Gurion, as in the world famous historian we read today called Josephus.
This may explain why Jesus refers to being "born of water". This may point to John's Baptism of humble repentance. Nicodemus may have been in that delegation sent to query John at the Jordan River. If so that explains why Jesus dealt so directly with him in John 3. But in our text in the midst of Christ's talk with Nicodemus, in the midst of His explanation of the New Birth, being Born Again, He says you need another birth, you need to become a baby again.
That is a very striking to think about. Why? Because, a baby has no past, just a future!
Our passage this morning reveals Christ's present mission.
The Son came down (3:13)
To be lifted up (3:14)
In order for man to enter in (3:15)
And get out of perishing and into everlasting life (3:16)
For more resources from Dr. John Barnett visit our website at www.DiscoverTheBook.org
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So much noise, so many busy people! So many ideas in the head of a man of twenty! So many distractions for love!
At length he made out, on a distant mountain, a line of dark walls; it was the citadel of Besancon. ‘How different for me,’ he said with a sigh, ‘if I were arriving in this noble fortress to be a sublieutenant in one of the regiments entrusted with its defence!’
Besancon is not merely one of the most charming towns in France, it abounds in men and women of feeling and spirit. But Julien was only a young peasant and had no way of approaching the distinguished people.
He had borrowed from Fouque a layman’s coat, and it was in this attire that he crossed the drawbridges. His mind full of the history of the siege of 1674, he was determined to visit, before shutting himself up in the Seminary, the ramparts and the citadel. More than once, he was on the point of being arrested by the sentries for making his way into places from which the engineers of the garrison excluded the public, in order to make a profit of twelve or fifteen francs every year by the sale of the hay grown there.
The height of the walls, the depth of the moats, the awe-inspiring appearance of the guns had occupied him for some hours, when he happened to pass by the principal cafe, on the boulevard. He stood speechless with admiration; albeit he could read the word Cafe inscribed in huge letters over the two vast doors, he could not believe his eyes. He made an effort to master his timidity; he ventured to enter, and found himself in a hall thirty or forty feet long, the ceiling of which rose to a height of at least twenty feet. On this day of days everything wore an air of enchantment for him.
Two games of billiards were in progress. The waiters were calling out the scores; the players hurried round the tables through a crowd of onlookers. Streams of tobacco smoke, pouring from every mouth, enveloped them in a blue haze. The tall stature of these men, their rounded shoulders, their heavy gait, their bushy whiskers, the long frock coats that coveted their bodies, all attracted Julien’s attention. These noble sons of ancient Bisontium conversed only in shouts; they gave themselves the air of tremendous warriors. Julien stood spellbound in admiration; he was thinking of the vastness and splendour of a great capital like Besancon. He felt that he could not possibly summon up courage to ask for a cup of coffee from one of those gentlemen with the proud gaze who were marking the score at billiards.
But the young lady behind the counter had remarked the charming appearance of this young country cousin, who, brought to a standstill three paces from the stove, hugging his little bundle under his arm, was studying the bust of the King, in gleaming white plaster. This young lady, a strapping Franc–Comtoise, extremely well made, and dressed in the style calculated to give tone to a cafe, had already said twice, in a low voice so modulated that only Julien should hear her: ‘Sir! Sir!’ Julien’s gaze met that of a pair of the most tender blue eyes, and saw that it was himself who was being addressed.
He stepped briskly up to the counter and the pretty girl, as he might have advanced in the face of the enemy. As he executed this great movement, his bundle fell to the ground.
What pity will not our provincial inspire in the young scholars of Paris, who at fifteen, have already learned how to enter a cafe with so distinguished an air! But these children, so stylish at fifteen, at eighteen begin to turn common. The passionate shyness which one meets in the provinces now and then overcomes itself, and then teaches its victim to desire. As he approached this beautiful girl who had deigned to speak to him, ‘I must tell her the truth,’ thought Julien, who was growing courageous by dint of his conquered shyness.
‘Madame, I have come for the first time in my life to Besancon; I should like to have, and to pay for, a roll of bread and a cup of coffee.’
The girl smiled a little and then blushed; she feared, for this good-looking young man, the satirical attention and witticisms of the billiard players. He would be frightened and would never show his face there again.
‘Sit down here, near me,’ she said, and pointed to a marble table, almost entirely hidden by the enormous mahogany counter which protruded into the room.
The young woman leaned over this counter, which gave her an opportunity to display a superb figure. Julien observed this; all his ideas altered. The pretty girl had just set before him a cup, some sugar and a roll of bread. She hesitated before calling to a waiter for coffee, realising that on the arrival of the said waiter her private conversation with Julien would be at an end.
Julien, lost in thought, was comparing this fair and sprightly beauty with certain memories which often stirred him. The thought of the passion of which he had been the object took from him almost all his timidity. The pretty girl had only a moment; she read the expression in Julien’s eyes.
‘This pipe smoke makes you cough, come to breakfast tomorrow before eight o’clock; at that time, I am almost alone.’
‘What is your name?’ said Julien, with the caressing smile of happy timidity.
‘Will you permit me to send you, in an hour’s time, a little parcel no bigger than this?’
The fair Amanda reflected for a while.
‘I am watched: what you ask may compromise me; however, I am now going to write down my address upon a card, which you can attach to your parcel. Send it to me without fear.’
‘My name is Julien Sorel,’ said the young man. ‘I have neither family nor friends in Besancon.’
‘Ah! Now I understand,’ she exclaimed joyfully, ‘you have come for the law school?’
‘Alas, no!’ replied Julien; ‘they are sending me to the Seminary.’
The most complete discouragement extinguished the light in Amanda’s features; she called a waiter: she had the necessary courage now. The waiter poured out Julien’s coffee, without looking at him.
Amanda was taking money at the counter; Julien prided himself on having ventured to speak to her: there was a dispute in progress at one of the billiard tables. The shouts and contradictions of the players, echoing through that vast hall, made a din which astonished Julien. Amanda was pensive and did not raise her eyes.
‘If you like, Mademoiselle,’ he said to her suddenly with assurance, ‘I can say that I am your cousin.’
This little air of authority delighted Amanda. This is no good-for-nothing young fellow,’ she thought. She said to him very quickly, without looking at him, for her eye was occupied in watching whether anyone were approaching the counter:
‘I come from Genlis, near Dijon; say that you are from Genlis too, and my mother’s cousin.’
‘I shall not forget.’
‘On Thursdays, at five o’clock, in summer, the young gentlemen from the Seminary come past the cafe here.’
‘If you are thinking of me, when I pass, have a bunch of violets in your hand.’
Amanda gazed at him with an air of astonishment; this gaze changed Julien’s courage into temerity; he blushed deeply, however, as he said to her:
‘I feel that I love you with the most violent love.’
‘Don’t speak so loud, then,’ she warned him with an air of alarm.
Julien thought of trying to recollect the language of an odd volume of the Nouvelle Heloise, which he had found at Vergy. His memory served him well; he had been for ten minutes reciting the Nouvelle Heloise to Miss Amanda, who was in ecstasies; he was delighted with his own courage, when suddenly the fair Franc–Comtoise assumed a glacial air. One of her admirers stood in the doorway of the cafe.
He came up to the counter, whistling and swaying his shoulders; he stared at Julien. For the moment, the latter’s imagination, always flying to extremes, was filled entirely with thoughts of a duel. He turned deadly pale, thrust away his cup, assumed an air of assurance and studied his rival most attentively. While this rival’s head was lowered as he familiarly poured himself out a glass of brandy upon the counter, with a glance Amanda ordered Julien to lower his gaze. He obeyed, and for a minute or two sat motionless in his place, pale, determined, and thinking only of what was going to happen; he was really fine at that moment. The rival had been astonished by Julien’s eyes; his glass of brandy drained at a gulp, he said a few words to Amanda, thrust his hands into the side pockets of his ample coat, and made his way to one of the billiard tables, breathing loudly and staring at Julien. The latter sprang to his feet in a transport of rage; but did not know what action to take to be insulting. He laid down his little bundle and, with the most swaggering gait that he could assume, strode towards the billiard table.
In vain did prudence warn him: ‘With a duel on the day of your arrival at Besancon, your career in the church is gone for ever.’
‘What does that matter, it shall never be said that I quailed before an insult.’
Amanda observed his courage; it formed a charming contrast with the simplicity of his manners; in an instant, she preferred him to the big young man in the long coat. She rose, and, while appearing to be following with her eyes the movements of someone going by in the street, took her place swiftly between him and the billiard table.
‘You are not to look askance at that gentleman; he is my brother-inlaw.’
‘What do I care? He looked at me.’
‘Do you wish to get me into trouble? No doubt, he looked at you, perhaps he will even come up and speak to you. I have told him that you are one of my mother’s family and that you have just come from Genlis. He is a Franc–Comtois and has never been farther than Dole, on the road into Burgundy; so tell him whatever you like, don’t be afraid.’
Julien continued to hesitate; she added rapidly, her barmaid’s imagination supplying her with falsehoods in abundance:
‘I dare say he did look at you, but it was when he was asking me who you were; he is a man who is rude with everyone, he didn’t mean to insult you.’
Julien’s eye followed the alleged brother-inlaw; he saw him buy a number for the game of pool which was beginning at the farther of the two billiard tables. Julien heard his loud voice exclaim: ‘I volunteer!’ He passed nimbly behind Miss Amanda’s back and took a step towards the billiard table. Amanda seized him by the arm.
‘Come and pay me first,’ she said to him.
‘Quite right,’ thought Julien; ‘she is afraid I may leave without paying.’ Amanda was as greatly agitated as himself, and had turned very red; she counted out his change as slowly as she could, repeating to him in a whisper as she did so:
‘Leave the cafe this instant, or I shan’t like you any more; I do like you, though, very much.’
Julien did indeed leave, but slowly. ‘Is it not incumbent upon me,’ he repeated to himself, ‘to go and stare at that rude person in my turn, and breathe in his face?’ This uncertainty detained him for an hour on the boulevard, outside the cafe; he watched to see if his man came out. He did not however appear, and Julien withdrew.
He had been but a few hours in Besancon, and already he had something to regret. The old Surgeon–Major had long ago, notwithstanding his gout, taught him a few lessons in fencing; this was all the science that Julien could place at the service of his anger. But this embarrassment would have been nothing if he had known how to pick a quarrel otherwise than by striking a blow; and, if they had come to fisticuffs, his rival, a giant of a man, would have beaten him and left him discomfited.
‘For a poor devil like me,’ thought Julien, ‘without protectors and without money, there will be no great difference between a Seminary and a prison; I must leave my lay clothes in some inn, where I can put on my black coat. If I ever succeed in escaping from the Seminary for an hour or two, I can easily, in my lay clothes, see Miss Amanda again.’ This was sound reasoning; but Julien, as he passed by all the inns in turn, had not the courage to enter any of them.
Finally, as he came again to the Hotel des Ambassadeurs, his roving gaze met that of a stout woman, still reasonably young, with a high complexion, a happy and gay expression. He went up to her and told her his story.
‘Certainly, my fine young priest,’ the landlady of the Ambassadeurs said to him, ‘I shall keep your lay clothes for you, indeed I will have them brushed regularly. In this weather, it is a mistake to leave a broadcloth coat lying.’ She took a key and led him herself to a bedroom, advising him to write down a list of what he was leaving behind.
‘Lord, how nice you look like that, M. l’abbe Sorel,’ said the stout woman, when he came down to the kitchen. ‘I am going to order you a good dinner; and,’ she added in an undertone, ‘it will only cost you twenty sous, instead of the fifty people generally pay; for you must be careful with your little purse.’
‘I have ten louis,’ retorted Julien with a certain note of pride.
‘Oh, good Lord!’ replied the good landlady in alarm, ‘do not speak so loud; there are plenty of bad folk in Besancon. They will have that out of you in less than no time. Whatever you do, never go into the cafes, they are full of rogues.’
‘Indeed!’ said Julien, to whom this last statement gave food for thought.
‘Never go anywhere except to me, I will give you your coffee. Bear in mind that you will always find a friend here and a good dinner for twenty sous; that’s good enough for you, I hope. Go and sit down at the table, I am going to serve you myself.’
‘I should not be able to eat,’ Julien told her. ‘I am too much excited, I am going to enter the Seminary as soon as I leave here.’
The good woman would not allow him to leave until she had stuffed his pockets with provisions. Finally Julien set out for the dread spot, the landlady from her doorstep pointing out the way.
Last updated Sunday, March 27, 2016 at 12:00
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During the millennium Arjen Hemelaar was traveling the world and stayed in a Japanese Monastery for three years. The first thoughts and ideas about iKi started here as he learned about many products based on green tea. Back home, in the Netherlands, he wanted to do something with this experience and discovered that there was no beer available based green tea.
In the 19th century the most popular drink was beer as water was not considered safe. From the 20th century tea was introduced all over the world as people started traveling and tea became one of the most wanted drinks. Studying these two century’s does that mean that beer based on green tea, defines the 21st century as the most popular drink?
The first product, iKi Yuzu, has been developed by food technology graduates from Wageningen University, the Netherlands. They developed a fantastic quality product which has been the fundament of all iKi's Beer's flavours. Today Joppe de Bres of Bier Brouwerij Breda is responsible for further developing and brewing iKi Beer.
At this moment CEO, Luit Mulder, organizes the logistics and quality assurance. Develops new flavours and markets, as his goal is to further expand iKi Beer all over the world.
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Clinics treated 1,261 women under the age of 35 for their habit last year - nearly double the number four years ago. In the same age group, 790 women sought treatment for cocaine dependency in 2005.
The total number of women treated for cocaine addiction for the first time last year was 1,645.
The latest findings from the National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse show cocaine addiction among young women is now the fastest growing treatment need in the country.
Experts blame the cheapness of the class A drug, its greater availability and work-life pressures.
The biggest rise in people seeking help is among 18 to 25- year-olds.
There has been an 80 per cent increase for women in this age group and a 90 per cent rise among men. The average age for people using cocaine for the first time is now 21.
Cocaine addiction can lead to kidney failure, paranoia and fertility problems for women - and the risks increase when the drug is used at the same time as alcohol.
Supermodel Kate Moss, 35, is among those who have been linked to cocaine use.
Scotland Yard interviewed her in 2006 after a newspaper published pictures allegedly showing her snorting the drug, but the Crown Prosecution Service decided there was insufficient evidence to bring any charges.
After the pictures were published, Moss issued a public apology. In a statement released through her model agency Storm, she said she took "full responsibility" for her actions.
She added: "I also accept that there are various personal issues that I need to address and have started taking the difficult, yet necessary, steps to resolve them.
"I want to apologise to all of the people I have let down because of my behaviour which has reflected badly on my family, friends, co-workers, business associates and others."
She subsequently spent a month in the Meadows rehab clinic in Arizona.
Singer Lily Allen also came under fire after complaining about people "sensationalising" cocaine use.
She told an interviewer: "I know lots of people that take cocaine three nights a week and get up and go to work every day, no problem at all."Reuse content
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I recently tidied up the desktop of my computer. Whilst sifting through the numerous folders I gathered related to my project on curation and tastemaking in Mexico, I found a number of images that I had compiled in 2010 when carrying out early research. This is a mini-archive that creates digital material traces of the work I needed to do before I got the physical copies in the archives of the monthly programme produced by the Cineteca. This digital find gives some inkling of my preliminary process and virtual discoveries.
The screenshots trace how the event was framed online from links that are now lost. The background image gives some context to the specific programme of films around the theme of Independence and Revolution. Figures from Mexican Independence are foregrounded in the imagery visible (above) with the official logo of the commemoration also evident. The thumbnail on the bottom left hand is a copy of the cover of the programme and is a screen shot from the featured film of the Revolution, El compadre Mendoza.
The ciclo de cine [film cycle] Dos siglos de libertad vistos por el cine [Two Centuries of Freedom as Seen on Screen] was a carefully curated selection of films of the Revolution and Independence from Mexico and elsewhere. I discuss these choices in my forthcoming monograph. The programme is a fascinating way of understanding Mexican film studies, the canon, arthouse tastes, and I argue that institutions and those working for them are tastemakers. Predictably, films from Mexico were largely canonical whilst those from elsewhere were an unexpected mix thematically and temporally.
Here are two examples of the unexpected global arthouse films.
My focus is on the Mexican films, but the global arthouse films create unexpected meanings and the film cycle is a wide-ranging commentary on independence and revolution.
Finding these screenshots is a reminder of the transience of online research and the digital traces we gather when we have a hunch that there is something of interest, but not knowing quite what will emerge. For me, these images evoke the spark that thrill when you know that something is worth pursuing but don’t yet know where it will lead.
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An Ounce of Gold for a Fine Suit of Clothes...
The stockbroker complied. But when it came time to hand over the check, the broker said to Gingrich, only half-jokingly, "I hope you haven't gotten some girl in trouble." Gingrich assured his broker that that was not the case, but declined to reveal why he needed such an amount$84,953.73 in 2008 dollars.
Months later, Gingrich encountered his broker at a social function. The broker volunteered: "I have no idea what you did with that money, but I want you to know that every stock I sold for you has since only gone down in value." Gingrich replied with some social pleasantry. What Gingrich didn't want people to know was that while he hadn't gotten a girl in trouble, he had fallen in lovewith a Stradivari violin.
An amateur violinist, Gingrich had impulsively seized the opportunity to buy an authenticated but slightly small, early Strad for $12,000, at a time when many fine Italian violins could be had for $3000 or less. (At the time, a new Ferrari 250 GTE 2+2 cost $11,000.) Gingrich left the violin to Marlboro College (as in Music from Marlboro), but my surmise is that Marlboro later quailed at the ongoing insurance premiums; they reportedly sold the violin at auction in 1988.
I hear you: "Wait a minute! You can't buy a Stradivari violin for $84,953.73 in today's dollars." Well, that's a large part of my point. A no-stories, ironclad-provenance Strad, even a smallish early one more suited for amateur string-quartet playing than for orchestral or solo work, is today worth three-quarters of a million dollars, all day long. A no-stories, ironclad-provenance Strad that is suitable for a soloist costs at least $1.5 million. The record public sale price for a Strad was set in 2006 at $3.5 million, but many significant sales are not public recordthe best of the best violins often change hands privately.
What does this little history lecture teach us? One important lesson is that, when it comes to objets d'artfour-stringed, four-wheeled, or otherinflation calculators and cost-of-living indices are out to lunch. Another lesson is that perhaps it is not so much a case of violins having become that much more expensive as of dollars having become much less valuable. Yes, old Cremonese violins can become only more rare. But hand in hand with that scarcity-driven market appreciation is the undeniable fact that when a governmentbe it Zimbabwe's or our owntries to get out of an overspending bind by printing money, the markets catch on and adjust accordingly. Were the dollar in better shape, a top Strad might be had today for less than $1 million.
Back when Arnold Gingrich was sneaking around buying old violins and showing up at the office hours early so that he could practice without disturbing his wife or his employees (as amusingly recounted in his charming musical autobiography, A Thousand Mornings of Music), the top mail-order seller of electronic gear in the US was Allied Radio. I have a copy of Allied's 1966 catalog, and it makes for fascinating reading. The first thing you notice is that a lot of what Allied sold was, to put it charitably, not worth buying even 40 years ago. We all remember the AR turntables and Fisher electronics, but for every bit of nostalgia-worthy gear, there were 20 models of cost-compromised near-junk.
Nonetheless, it is instructive to go back and see what the stuff that has passed the test of time went for in the mid-'60s. Here's a dream system chosen from the pages of that 1966 Allied catalog: Thorens TD-124 turntable with elliptical-stylus cartridge and walnut base, $202.50; Marantz 7 preamplifier, $285 (wooden case, $24); Marantz 8B tube stereo power amplifier, $285 (tube cage, $10.50); the now-legendary Marantz 10B tuner with tuning oscilloscope, $600 (wooden case, $36); and AR3 acoustic-suspension loudspeakers, $450/pair.
Total cost of my 1966 Allied Radio dream system: $1893at the time, more than the price of a new Volkswagen Beetle. (The base price of today's VW New Beetle is $17,630.) A top-shelf system back then wasn't cheapand including an open-reel tape deck, as was then the audiophile custom, would have increased the system price by hundreds more 1966 dollars.
Years ago, on Boston's commercial classical FM station WCRB, a men's clothing store ran an ad that memorably claimed that, ever since the late Middle Ages, a man could always be properly dressed for the value of one ounce of gold. At the time, during the Carter administration, gold hit unprecedented highsover $600 an ounce. (The current administration's achievement: over $900 an ounce.) This clothing store wanted us to know that it could provide a suit, shirt, and tie for under $600.
Disregarding the objet-d'art effect, I applied an online inflation calculator to the total $1893 cost of my 1966 wish-list system. The result: $12,320.64. That is near to, but lower than, what Stereophile's research indicates is the average that the magazine's readers have spent on their two-channel systems.
What does this prove? Not much. But it does at least suggest that, in the same way that the price of a fine suit of clothes has, over the very long haul, remained something of an economic constant, spending $12,500 to $17,500 of today's dollars on a two-channel audio system falls within a long-term economic "sweet spot." And, of course, carefully shopping for used equipment "once the new has worn off" remains a valid, and at times brilliant, strategy.John Marks
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The Carnation Tortrix Caterpillars are a regular pest of ornamental plants and will attach a wide range of herbaceous plants and shrubs. The caterpillars feed on the upper surface of leaves, making holes and turning the leaves brown.
Carnation Tortrix Caterpillars are pale green with brown heads, and can grow up to 20mm in length. As the caterpillars get larger they wrap leaves around their bodies and will hide in the rolled leaf. If disturbed the caterpillars will wriggle and move backwards, they can also drop from leaves on silken webs.
The Carnation Moth is small with a wingspan of 15-25mm. The wings are folded horizontally over the body and are brown in colour with orange hindwings. Each female can lay up to 700 eggs. These are laid in batches on the upper surfaces of leaves. There can be several generations of moth each year and this can continue at any time in the year if they are attacking plants growing in heated glass.
Our Carnation Tortrix Moth Pheromone Traps catch and kill adult male Tortrix Moths. The trap utilises a species specific pheromone. Adult male moths will be attracted to the scent and fly inside the trap through the holes on the side, drop down, and become trapped. Moth mating and egg laying will be reduced as a result, and future generations of caterpillars will be prevented from developing. Moth populations can also be monitored through this trap which will help provide you with an early warning as to their activity.
Each trap is supplied with two pheromone lures. Each lure is active for a minimum of 6 weeks.
Each trap is also supplied with a sticky card to place in the bottom of the trap, this helps retain moths in the trap.
Each lure is supplied in a foil sachet. Remove the lure from the sachet and place it in the lure cage at the top of the trap.
Additional lures may be stored in a fridge or freezer.
Full instructions are provided on delivery.
No, this trap will only attract and kill the adult male moths.
Our traps are environmentally friendly and no threat to small birds.
The trap can be used for years and replacement lures can be purchased for additional coverage.
Each trap comes with two pheromone lures, each of which last up to 6 weeks, giving the trap an initial 12-week protection.
Replacement lures can be purchased separately. Please contact us if you require more.
For external use, the trap should be placed outside from May onwards.
For internal use, the trap can be used all year round.
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EU farming crisis to stay 'for some time'
By Peter Teffer
EU states have proposed over 100 initiatives to help the European farm sector recover from the “long-lasting, profound crisis”, EU agriculture commissioner Phil Hogan said Monday (7 March).
But he warned members of the European Parliament's agriculture committee in Strasbourg that the crisis is “still likely to be with us for some time to come”.
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“The market is still in a very difficult situation,” he said, adding that recovery has been slower than previously thought.
Hogan asked MEPs for input a week ahead of a ministerial meeting aimed at deciding EU-wide measures. He said the EU actions need to be within the legal framework of the EU's agriculture policy, must recognise the constraints of the budget, and command a “broad support” among member states.
“I am constrained within the limit of my resources. You and I have to agree that every year,” he told MEPs. “I'm also limited by the legislation. I try to work within the tools I've been given.”
The Irish politician reminded MEPs of the €420 million of direct aid the EU made available to farmers last year.
“Some of these amounts have not yet been given out. So there are resources out there,” he said, adding that only 10 of 28 member states have implemented last year's measures.
Next Monday, farm ministers will gather in Brussels to discuss the situation in agricultural markets and to decide on European steps.
MEPs in the agriculture committee said many European farmers are struggling.
“This is not people crying wolf, this is now families in serious danger of losing everything they have,” said British Conservative MEP James Nicholson.
A prominent Green MEP from France, Jose Bove, said that 600 French farmers had committed suicide out of despair. He persuaded his fellow MEPs and the commissioner to commemorate them in a moment of silence.
While some MEPs said they had hoped Hogan would have been more concrete, the commissioner noted that he did not want to present any package before having spoken to the parliament.
He will now use the coming week to come up with proposals and present them at next week's ministerial, he said.
The Dutch EU presidency is also assessing the various proposals that have come in.
Falling prices, especially in the dairy and meat sector, prompted protests by farmers in February in France, the EU's largest agricultural producer.
Farmers last September also clashed with police during protests in the EU capital, Brussels.
EU deregulation of the milk industry, which came into effect in March last year, is part of the reason for the trend. Russia bans on EU exports of dairy products, pork, and sea food, also prompted lost income.
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Arkansas Gov. Asa Hutchinson on Sunday admitted that the near-total abortion ban he signed into law earlier this month is unconstitutional, but said the bill was designed to “directly challenge” the landmark Roe v. Wade Supreme Court decision that protects a woman’s right to choose to have an abortion.
Speaking on CNN’s State of the Union on Sunday, Hutchinson said the new Arkansas law, which only allows abortions to protect the life of the mother, was designed as a vehicle for the Supreme Court to overturn Roe v. Wade, which struck down several Texas laws that criminalized abortion.
“It is not constitutional under Supreme Court cases right now,” Hutchinson told CNN's Dana Bash of the Arkansas law, before saying he thinks there’s a “very narrow chance” the Supreme Court will ultimately hear the case.
Hutchinson also said he had hoped the Arkansas Republican lawmakers who passed the law would have allowed abortions in the event of rape or incest, but that they decided against a vote for those exceptions.
According to CNN, there have been 11 state-passed laws in the U.S. since 2019 that ban abortions past a certain point in pregnancy, but none have gone into effect and most have been blocked by judges at the federal level, before making it to the Supreme Court.
On March 9, Hutchinson signed the abortion bill, known as SB6, which prohibits abortion “in all cases except to save the life of the mother in a medical emergency.” At the time, he said the bill was intended to go before the Supreme Court and help overturn Roe v. Wade, but stopped short of calling it unconstitutional. The law is slated to go into effect in August. Penalties for those who perform an abortion include a fine of up to $100,000 and jail time of up to ten years.
What To Watch For
Advocates for a woman’s right to choose are planning to challenge the law in court before it goes into effect, but none have yet to do so. Though chances the law gets escalated to the highest court are slim, pro-life activists are betting there is a possibility the Supreme Court’s conservative majority could overturn it.
“I signed it because it is a direct challenge to Roe v. Wade. That is the intent of it,” Hutchinson said Sunday. “I think there’s a very narrow chance the Supreme Court will accept that case, but we’ll see.”
“Abortion is legal in all 50 states, including Arkansas, and we’ll fight as long as it takes to keep it that way,” Holly Dickson, the executive director of the ACLU of Arkansas, said in a statement on March 9. “Governor Hutchinson: We’ll see you in court.”
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Describe a piece of international news that you have recently heard.
You should say:
- What the news was about
- Where and when you heard it
- What you were doing when you heard it
- Explain how you feel about this news
Being an ardent reader I adore reading the newspaper every morning with a cup of tea and this is my favourite pastime. Whenever I pick up the newspaper I feel like reading every single column in it and the column related to worldwide news is my most favourite one as it keeps me abreast of every nook and corner of the world.
Similarly, here I would like to share a piece of news which I read in yesterday’s newspaper and that is regarding the growth of China’s population. It has been written that China’s population has grown at its slowest pace in decades, reaching 1.41 billion, census results showed recently. The growth was trivial since the last census in 2010 reflects fears of a looming demographic crisis amid an ageing society and slowing birth rates, with a sharp drop in the number of working-age citizens in the world’s second biggest economy.The growth rate was the slowest since the 1960s, according to official data. Further it was written that Beijing changed family planning rules in 2016 to allow families to have two children amid fears grew about China’s fast-ageing population and shrinking workforce — but it is yet to produce the expected baby boom to help offset the country’s ageing population.The adjustment of China’s fertility policy has achieved positive results said by an official from the National Bureau of Statistics. The number of people aged between 15 and 59 population dropped nearly seven percent, while those aged over 60 was up more than five percent.
Moreover, China’s birth rate has been in steady decline since 2017, despite the relaxation of the decades-old “one-child policy” This is partly due to falling marriage rates in recent years, couples struggling with the high cost of raising children in major cities, as well as women naturally delaying or avoiding childbirth due to their growing empowerment. The family households continued to downsize because of increasing population mobility and the fact that young people after marriages lived separately from parents with improved housing conditions.
China recorded its slowest birth rate since 1949 for the year 2019 and preliminary data published in February suggested the birthrate was also down significantly in 2020, although the number of actual births has not yet been announced.
So this was an international news which I encountered recently.
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| 0.976091
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Home loans explained
Interest rates vs. comparison rates
1 min read
They sit side-by-side and seem to represent similar things, so what is the difference, and the link, between an interest rate and a comparison rate?
Put simply, an interest rate is the fee banks charge you for borrowing money. It is represented as the percentage of your total loan amount which you will be paying. Interest rates are simple, comparison rates are a little bit more complicated.
A comparison rate gives a more accurate representation of the rate of your loan. It considers the extra fees associated with the home loan over its lifetime: the interest rate of the loan, plus the cost of setting up the loan and the loan approval fee (Tic:Toc doesn’t have these fees); plus any ongoing fees; plus any discharge fees for leaving the lender. That is why a comparison rate is commonly much higher than its interest rate. The higher the comparison rate, the more fees and extra costs there are associated with the loan.
This is why you should pay attention to comparison rates, as they are a way of understanding the true cost of a loan, and to compare lenders on an even playing field. By including the total interest, fees and charges, it makes it easier to compare like-for-like between different home loan providers. Good to know: It is mandatory for lenders to display an equally prominent (and accurate) comparison rate next to their advertised rate.
Both rates are important depending on what information you are looking for. The interest rate of a loan can be used to calculate how much your repayments will be. A comparison rate is useful when comparing multiple loans because it’s the easiest way to see which loan will be the cheapest. The enforcement of the comparison rate is an attempt to create more transparency in the home loan industry, which is partly what makes it so important. It keeps lenders honest and prevents them from advertising incredibly low rates which are really topped up with excessive fees.
Home loan comparison rates are based on a $150,000 loan over 25 years (which is defined by legislation) and don’t cover every single cost associated with a loan. This means the comparison rate may not be 100% accurate for your exact situation (but it gives you a pretty good idea). While comparison rates do give you a better idea of the true cost of your loan, they don’t consider every factor contributing to its cost.
Picking the right home loan will require you to look at more than just the interest and comparison rates. Choosing the right loan for you can mean saving thousands of dollars, and we all want that. To make sure the loan you apply for is right for your circumstances, there are some other factors to consider.
Why don’t you put your new knowledge to use and compare Tic:Toc’s rates.
(You’ll see our comparison rates are a lot lower than other providers out there, because there are no fees associated with applying for a Tic:Toc home loan.)
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UNHCR Global Appeal 1999 - Regional Overview: Eastern Europe
UNHCR's involvement in the territory of the former Soviet Union started in the early 1990s, primarily in response to the humanitarian emergencies generated by conflicts in the Caucasus and Tajikistan. While a solution to many of these conflicts remains elusive, UNHCR programmes have evolved from emergency assistance to longer-term projects, including capacity-building activities, especially in the NGO sector, and efforts to formulate asylum and citizenship legislation consistent with international standards. UNHCR continues to encourage humanitarian action in support of conflict-resolution and confidence-building.
An Integrated Approach to Conflict-Resolution
Durable solutions for refugees and internally displaced persons are often predicated on the political resolution of conflict. Conflict-resolution also has a humanitarian dimension, since solutions to displacement problems are an integral part of the peace process. UNHCR's integrated approach to conflict-resolution ensures that critically important issues such as voluntariness, safety and sustainability of return are not dealt with in isolation, but are part of the negotiation process. For example, links between UNHCR and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) Minsk Group ensure that humanitarian issues will, whenever feasible, be given due consideration in the negotiations on Nagorno-Karabakh.
The Programme of Action adopted in May 1996 at the CIS Conference provided a broad framework for UNHCR's activities in the region; while the follow-up to the Conference helped solidify cooperation with regional organizations and national and international NGOs. The Conference process has promoted dialogue about and awareness of the various displacement problems in the region. It has also helped bring the countries concerned into the mainstream of international norms and practices concerning refugees and displaced persons and encouraged greater cooperation among them on these issues.
Despite the progress achieved in several areas, UNHCR's activities in the region remain constrained by two factors: unresolved conflicts and a growing concern for the safety of humanitarian workers. At the time of going to press, the abduction on 29 January, 1998 of Vincent Cochetel, the Head of the UNHCR Office in Vladikavkaz, remained unresolved.
The total budget, including costs at Headquarters amounts to US$ 50,605,665.
|Country||General Programmes||Special Programmes||Total|
|The Russian Federation||7,329,500||6,112,342||13,441,842|
|The Republic of Moldova||453,400||200,000||653,400|
|Follow-up to the CIS Conference||1,040,100||1,040,100|
|
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Are you an expecting mother in her first trimester of pregnancy? Are you also wondering about whether or not there is a balance between physical fitness and pregnancy? Keep reading to learn more about first trimester workouts!
If your answer to either question is “yes”, then you might be interested in knowing what exercises you can do. Exercise is a must for all people. From the elderly to the expecting, all populations can do it with some conditioning and strengthening.
The benefits of exercise are innumerable. Pregnant mothers in their first trimester will benefit from the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal effects exercises can bring. From experience, I have also found low impact workouts to be great for heart health and blood sugar levels—two things pregnant mothers need to keep an eye on this early in their pregnancy.
Yoga, swimming, fast walking, stationary cycling, pilates, dancing, and some weight training— these first trimester workouts, for me, give mothers the most bang for their buck without compromising health and safety. Let me walk you through each!
Walking may not seem like the toughest of activities to perform. However, whenever I point out the increased energy demands of pregnancy, most of my clients agree—walking can be challenging for mothers and thus an excellent first trimester workout.
Walking is an aerobic activity. This means that walking requires the use of the heart and lungs to produce low-intensity repetitive movements for a long time.
Studies have shown that aerobic exercise can benefit blood vessels, the heart, and the lungs. In particular, exercises like walking, swimming, and running can improve capillary blood volume.
Improved capillary blood volume is crucial for the oxygenation of the placenta. It also contributes to better postpartum recovery whether you choose a Cesarean or normal delivery.
Lower back pain and aches can be common during pregnancy. While you may be able to “tough it out”, neither are desirable experiences. To alleviate the soreness and tightness associated with pregnancy, some stretching will work wonders for you.
And what better time to stretch than in a yoga class, right? Yoga can increase the range of motion of joints, especially the hips and lower back.
Yoga can help provide the spinal decompression necessary to alleviate the pain of lordosis that starts to occur between the first and second trimesters.
Pilates as a first trimester workout is an excellent pairing to yoga for pregnant women. Like yoga, pilates can add elasticity to your joints and provide relief in areas with swelling and tightness.
The added benefits of pilates are the breathing and core exercises that occur in the sessions. Pilates requires you to perform a lot of movements that require balance and control. Even simple squat holds will require you to contract your core. The benefits of Pilates include stronger joints and a stronger pelvic floor if you do things correctly.
Swimming is a perfect prenatal exercise. Swimming not only improves your circulation but also provides you with some resistance training.
Given the information above, many believe swimming while pregnant may be more beneficial than running as a first trimester workout due to its low-impact nature. Also, let’s face it—swimming is just fun!
For something a little more impactful from a cardiovascular and musculoskeletal standpoint, I recommend stationary cycling. Stationary cycling has all the leg-building benefits of a back squat. It provides this and more minus the dangerous axial loading that can add to the burden of your lower back.
Stationary cycling is an excellent first trimester workout for cardiovascular health. Fun as it is though, I have seen many first tri moms overdo it.
For safety and maximum benefits, I recommend putting in the miles for about 10 to 30 minutes a day at a pace that allows you to sustain a conversation.
That’s right—dancing! But, I don’t mean the kind where you do headspins or wear heels as you do pirouettes with a partner!
Nowadays, there are dance classes for pregnant mothers available in person and online. These dance workouts or lessons cater specifically to first trimester mothers. The creators have taken the guesswork out of whether or not you will be able to jump in—figuratively speaking, of course.
To dance safely, you’ll need a good pair of shoes. Swelling and foot aches might be a problem you may or already be struggling with. That said, instead of flats, you may want to choose shoes with the right mix of stability and cushion.
A first trimester workout that contains a weight training program may seem like medical heresy. However, I believe weight training can lead to adaptations that can be resourceful to your pregnancy and recovery later on.
Now, am I implying that you go to your local gym, chalk up your hands, and attempt a deadlift or snatch PR? Well, no!
I agree that your first trimester workout needs to be a little challenging. Nonetheless, I believe safety should not be compromised. For weight training, you can go with safer implements and machines. Also, choose exercises that will not put you at risk.
For example, you can opt for bodyweight training with equipment. I love to use dumbbells or kettlebells.
Final Word: Before Your First Trimester Workout, Check With Your Physician!
I may have given sound workout advice in this article. However, I still recommend you check with your physician which exercises you can perform.
Nonetheless, once you get the green light from your doctor, feel free to get stronger, healthier, and fitter with these first trimester workouts. You will be doing yourself and your baby a favor!
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Greece is a land for everyone and for all seasons – to pigeon-hole the country as merely a beach and summer destination is to miss out on hidden gems, one of which is the administrative region of Epirus. Epirus is mainland Greece’s northwest corner, flanked by the Ionian Sea with its islands to the west and the Pindus Mountains separating the region from Macedonia and Thessaly to the east. Epirus is a land that is marked by stone bridges, historical structures from antiquity like the largest ancient theater ever discovered – the Theater of Dodoni – and raw natural beauty.
The great outdoors in Greece does not necessarily mean beaches and olive groves, though both can be found in Epirus, where a visitor can enjoy white-water rafting, skiing, mountain climbing, and much more. Travelers can paint a picture of the perfect vacation using the canvas of unspoiled forests, fast-running rivers, and abundant wildlife which is a delight for any lover of nature.
Nestled in the Pindus mountains are a chain of 46 villages known as the Zagorochoria, which dot the mountainsides and offer spectacular hospitality and cozy stone and wood structures that almost transport a visitor mentally to something they think they might more likely encounter in a country like Austria or Switzerland. Such is the beauty of Epirus and the sheer diversity of the beautiful landscape and the activities one can enjoy when visiting there.
On the banks of Lake Pamvotida is found the capital of Epirus, Ioannina, a historically important city and the largest population center of the region. Ioannina features old-world charm and noticeable Muslim, Jewish, and Christian influences that shaped the city through the centuries. Whether it’s an old-world urban setting, a beautiful beach on the Ionian Sea, a whirring river rafting excursion, or a mountain getaway to Zagorochoria, Epirus has something for all seasons and all visitors. Thank you for allowing The National Herald to be your gateway to Epirus.
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The research group “Hydrolab” coordinated by Prof. Salvatore Manfreda participates in the COST project “Harmonious – Harmonisation of UAS techniques for agricultural and natural ecosystems monitoring” with research teams from important European universities (Manfreda et al., 2018). The research activities related to the WG4 “River morphology and streamflow monitoring” aim to provide a scientific contribution to the definition of guidelines for river monitoring using Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs). The research activities are addressed to the identification of methodologies and procedures to optimise surface flow velocities estimation by field experiences and numerical modelling. Specifically, the research activities concern the analysis of surface velocity field from optical sensors mounted on mobile platforms (UAS).
The research contributions involve the following topics: 1) the construction of a database of case studies with supporting benchmark measurements; 2) the experimentation of image pre-processing techniques to optimise surface velocity estimates; 3-4) the application and comparison of image velocimetry techniques and tools to real case studies; and, 5) the elaboration of guidelines for hydrological monitoring by UAS.
The Hydrolab research group in the last years has actively contributed to:
(1) the construction of a database of case studies conducted in different river systems of the Basilicata region using optical systems from UAS and current meter techniques for surface velocity estimations. These field experiences are part of the video collection published by Perks et al. (2020), containing 13 case studies conducted in 6 different countries in the world. The database contains pre-processed frames and reference measurements.
(2a) the implementation and comparison of image stabilisation techniques aimed at removing the effects of camera movements induced by wind, vibrations or operator inexperience (http://10.5194/hess-2021-112). VISION software is an open-source tool written in Matlab for video stabilisation using the automatic detection of key features without direct operator control. Code is available at the following web address: http://10.17605/OSF.IO/HBRF2.
(2b) the identification and quantification of spatial and temporal characteristics of seeding during the acquisition time to maximise the performance of image processing techniques. For this purpose, three metrics have been introduced based on the calculation of the (i) seeding density, (ii) index of dispersion of tracers, and (iii) coefficient of variation of tracer dimension. These metrics have statistical significance on image-based performances as reported in Dal Sasso et al. (2020).
Simultaneously, the generation of synthetic images reproducing some river conditions allowed to quantify the error associated with the Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) and Large Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LSPIV). Using this framework, Pizarro et al. (2020) introduced the Seeding Distribution Index (SDI) as a parameter that synthesises the seeding conditions in the field, merging seeding and spatial distribution characteristics. This dimensionless index was tested in some field case studies for describing the heterogeneous spatial distribution of tracers and the tendency to form clusters.
The synthetic images and the calculation codes relating to the metrics and the SDI index are published at the following link: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/8EGQW.
The SDI index combined with a novel methodology of video acquisitions can allow to identify the best footage to analyse limiting processing times. This procedure has been successfully applied in several case studies and at various spatial scales (cross-section and sub-sectors), improving optical image processing techniques by 20-50%. These findings are reported in the works of Pizarro et al. (2020) and Dal Sasso et al. (2021). Code relating to this methodology is available at the following link: 48310.17605/OSF.IO/3AJNR.
(3-4) A comparison between image processing techniques and software on a real case study is reported in Pearce et al. (2020). In this work, a sensitivity analysis of the characteristic parameters of the individual techniques is carried out. Regarding the PTV technique, the results obtained in the work of Dal Sasso et al. (2018), regarding the identification of the optimal setting using synthetic images, have been used for this purpose.
(5) The activities carried out and in progress are aimed to draw up the guidelines for hydrological monitoring From UAS. The chapter of Manfreda et al. (2019) provides the first contribution in this direction “New Insights Offered by UAS for River Monitoring” (10.1201/9780429244117-10) contained in the book “Applications of Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems” edited by Sharma.
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