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DAO 87:67-78 (2009) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02088
Contribution to the DAO Special 'The Role of Environment and Microorganisms in Diseases of Corals'
Immune defenses of healthy, bleached and diseased Montastraea faveolata during a natural bleaching event
Laura D. Mydlarz1,*, Courtney S. Couch2, Ernesto Weil3, Garriet Smith4, C. Drew Harvell2
ABSTRACT: One prominent hypothesis regarding climate change and scleractinian corals is that thermal stress compromises immune competence. To test this hypothesis we tracked how the immune defenses of bleached, apparently healthy and yellow band disease (YBD) diseased Montastraea faveolata colonies varied with natural thermal stress in southwestern Puerto Rico. Colonies were monitored for 21 mo from the peak of the bleaching event in October 2005 to August 2007. Since sea surface temperature was significantly higher in summer and fall 2005 than 2006, year of collection was used as a proxy for temperature stress, and colony fragments collected in 2005 were compared with those collected in 2006. Mortality rate was high (43% overall) and all colonies (except one) either died or became infected with YBD by August 2007. YBD-infected tissue did not bleach (i.e. expel zooxanthellae) during the 2005 bleaching event, even when healthy tissue of these colonies bleached. Immune activity was assayed by measuring prophenoloxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POX), lysozyme-like (LYS) and antibacterial (AB) activity. Immune activity was variable between all coral samples, but there was a significant elevation of PPO activity in bleached colonies collected in 2005 relative to apparently healthy and YBD-diseased corals in 2006. In YBD-diseased colonies, LYS and AB activity were elevated in both healthy and infected tissue, indicating a systemic response; activity levels in these colonies were higher compared to those that appeared healthy. In both these immune parameters, there was a trend for suppression of activity in corals that were bleached in 2005. These data, while complicated by between-genet variability, illustrate the complex interaction between disease and temperature stress on immune function.
KEY WORDS: Coral bleaching · Montastraea faveolata · Yellow band disease · Prophenoloxidase · Peroxidase · Antibacterial activity
|Full text in pdf format|
Cite this article as: Mydlarz LD, Couch CS, Weil E, Smith G, Harvell CD (2009) Immune defenses of healthy, bleached and diseased Montastraea faveolata during a natural bleaching event. Dis Aquat Org 87:67-78. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02088
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Northeast Passage Will Be Open Through September At Least, Russian Meteorologists Say
Russian meteorological authorities are confirming that Arctic sea ice has melted to levels that are "way below average...at historically low levels" (Times of India). Repeating something which has happened for several years now, the Northeast Passage (also known as the Northern Sea Route) along the nation's northern seaboard can be navigated for nearly the entire way without icebreaking ships leading the way. It's expected that the route will remain open through September at least.
The Russian meteorological bureau notes that the sea route opening up for longer and longer periods means that the nation's Arctic regions benefit due to easier access of food and energy supplies.
More on Global Climate Change
Northwest and Northeast Passages Are Open
Arctic Ice Still Melting, But We May Never See An Actual Tipping Point
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Is fall really a great time to plant trees?
Editor’s note: This article is from the archives of the MSU Crop Advisory Team Alerts. Check the label of any pesticide referenced to ensure your use is included.
In numerous extension bulletins and certainly in nursery sales advertising, we hear that “fall is the perfect time to plant trees.” Nevertheless when I look back on the planting disasters I’ve been called in to inspect over the years a disproportional share (I’d say by a factor of two or three to one) are fall planting jobs.
What gives? Well, the notion that fall is a great time for planting is built in a faulty premise, at least for this part of the country. Probably the most commonly cited reason for fall planting is that trees grow a lot of roots in the fall. This assumes that since there’s no shoot growth occurring, trees automatically shift reserves below ground. There is certainly a “pecking order” of carbohydrate distribution within a tree based on relatively strengths of sources and sinks. But there’s one factor that trumps all others: temperature. Soil temperature is the biggest driver of root growth. As temperatures decline in the fall, new root growth essentially ceases. For trees that are well established, this is no problem. For trees that have just been transplanted and need to re-establish root-soil contact this is a tough row to hoe. Throw in a tough Michigan winter and the tree’s facing an uphill climb.
In most cases, planting failures have multiple causal factors. Even if trees are planted in the spring, they may have still experience problems. My point is that a more accurate statement is “fall is an OK time to plant trees;” not the best time or even a great time. In certain parts of the country, fall probably is the best time to plant trees. Washington State University Extension Specialist (and fellow Garden Professor blogger), Linda Chalker-Scott is adamant that fall is better than spring planting in the West where plentiful fall rainfall is as predictable as dry, hot summers. For the Midwest, however, where cold soil temperatures can limit new root growth in the fall, I will stick to my guns and recommend spring planting if there is no compelling reason to plant in the fall.
For spirited debate on the merits of fall planting in various parts of the country, check out the Garden Professors blog archive https://sharepoint.cahnrs.wsu.edu/blogs/urbanhort/archive/2010/05/24/is-fall-really-a-great-time-to-plant-trees.aspx
Dr. Cregg's work is funded in part by MSU's AgBioResearch.
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Team Part-Time Scientists has won two Milestone Prizes: the Mobility Prize ($500,000), and the Imaging Prize ($250,000), for a total of $750,000 in prize winnings...so far! (See the complete $30 million in prizes that are available)
The Part-Time Scientists are a Berlin Germany based team of scientists and engineers with the goal to soft land two lunar rovers in travel distance to the Apollo 17 landing site using a fully autonomous soft landing vehicle. To this day the team managed to position themselves amongst the front-runners of the competition and has been awarded 2 Google Lunar XPRIZE milestone prize awards. The team consists of around 70 members contributing across 3 continents with a fixed staff of 35 based in Germany.
In cooperation with the AUDI AG and several other technology and research partners such as the German Space Agency (DLR) the team is developing both mobility and landing technology with the goal to lower the costs of space exploration and make exciting and important places such as the moon more accessible. With the first mission heading back to Taurus-Littrow Valley, the landing site of Apollo 17, the goal is to pickup on surface exploration right where Apollo left off over 43 years ago. Based on the extensive research and experiments being done as part of this Apollo mission a number of carefully selected experiments will help gather additional data points and clarify current unknowns while helping understand how to utilize the moon as a starting point for further ongoing space activities.
If you want to know more about the moon and the mission check out the mission website at www.mission-to-the-moon.com and of course the team blog right here.
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Face Lifts via Cosmetic Dentistry
Cosmetic practitioners have found yet another route to better looking, younger, and more refreshed faces.
Via the teeth!
It's not too widely known, but in many cases, dental techniques that buff up lackluster smiles can also remove wrinkles, facial sagging, and the deep skin folds associated with advanced aging. Some cosmetic dentists now offer facial rejuvenations through cosmetic dentistry to improve your smile and make your midface look better, all in addition to gaining those new pearly whites.
"In many cases, worn or misaligned teeth can be the reason for midface sagging and other health problems," says Bruce Hartley, D.D.S., a cosmetic dentist in Los Altos, California.
Natural teeth can be ground down due to normal aging or through a condition known as sleep bruxism in which patients grind their teeth at night. Left unchecked, the teeth become shorter, causing the lower jaw to travel farther to meet the upper teeth while chewing.
A Natural Smile
Given enough time, the tip of the nose starts to noticeably dip. Imagine a sketch of a Halloween witch in where her chin and nose almost touch and you've got the worst case picture. Additional health woes resulting from short and misaligned teeth include problems and pain in the joints, neck, and muscles of the jaw, and headaches.
"If the dentist rebuilds the height of the tooth, the facial structure also starts to improve," says Dr. Hartley.
Facelift via Dentistry
In one case, a 56-year-old homemaker visited Orange County, California, cosmetic dentist Joseph Henry, D.D.S., for a cleaning. Dr. Henry found the woman had small, worn teeth, an overbite, and some of her teeth had moved from their natural position. The patient did not want to wear braces but agreed to mouth rejuvenation with veneers and crowns, which restored the optimal shape, size, and position of her teeth. Additionally, her overbite was corrected. The patient received a beautiful smile but did not expect the bonus that came along with correcting misaligned teeth -- a beautifully elongated face.
"I look like I've had a facelift," says the patient who only wants to be identified as Karen. "Friends are sure I had cosmetic surgery."
Adds Dr. Henry: "Restoring the bite to optimal position also defines the jaw line, making the patient's profile more appealing."
A 52-year-old woman, left, shows her smile and face before receiving a full mouth reconstruction. Four months later, the same woman shows the results of her mouth rejuvenation and the changes it has made to her mid face. (Photos, courtesy of Bruce Hartley, D.D.S.)
Good candidates for Dr. Henry's Dental Mid-Face Lift include people in their 20s to those in their 60s and 70s who have worn front and back teeth. But before cosmetic work begins, Dr. Henry usually recommends taking care of any periodontal disease, cavities, and other dental woes.
"Patients go under a local anesthetic for the procedure," says Dr. Henry. "It usually takes four, two-hour appointments to return their teeth to proper heights."
In the past, most dentists would crown the back teeth without rebuilding the height of the tooth. Crowns allow for much better chewing, but the patients' faces remained the same. Now, some dentists have learned that replacing 20 to 40 percent of the original teeth can greatly affect the appearance of the face.
Five to 20 Years Younger
In London, England, general dental practitioner Nick Mohindra, D.D.S. studied 96 patients whose facial aesthetics had been improved by increasing the vertical dimension of occlusion, the point where the teeth come together when biting down.
The study subjects and an independent panel of dentists analyzed the patients' before and after pictures. Results? They found about 80 percent of patients looked five to 20 years younger.
"The subjects' improvement in their dental condition is related to the whole range of facial features -- including the eyes, nose, cheeks, lips, and skin," says Dr. Mohindra. "Not just the lower face."
One part of Dr. Mohindra's study -- later printed in the British Dental Journal -- found almost 37 percent of study subjects noticed an improvement in the loose skin of the upper eyelids and less bagginess under the lower eyelids. The wrinkling at the corner of the eyes also lessened somewhat, causing the subjects' eyes to appear brighter, more open, and refreshed.
But how could dental procedures affect the areas around the eyes?
Dr. Mohindra thinks it's due to increased fat metabolism taking place when facial muscles are working harder and properly.
Writes Dr. Mohindra on his Web site: "Worn teeth can make the entire face age. Missing and ground down teeth result in a sucked in and collapsed appearance around the mouth, which causes vertical lines on the skin of the upper and lower lips and all around the mouth."
Sam Muslin, D.D.S., M.A.G.D.*, in Santa Monica, California, has trademarked the terms "Face Lift Dentistry" and "Dental Facelifts." In his office, Dr. Muslim uses high technology measurements to tell exactly how much a patient's teeth should be built up and where jaws should be repositioned. Consequently, he refers to himself as the "high-tech dentist." At his practice, patients stretched out prone in dental chairs watch television screens affixed to the ceilings. Patients are also attached to heart monitors and enjoy doors to the operatories that automatically open. Both air and water lines to chair side sinks are filtered to screen out any possible contamination.
"It requires the most precise scientific measuring to properly adjust the tooth length and where a patient's bite should be," says Dr. Muslin. "Without imaging, you are just guessing."
Dr. Muslin's office uses his office CAT scan to precisely measure teeth and then reshapes them with porcelain and radiant veneers, lumineers, dental implants and porcelain crowns.
"Teeth play a huge role in the support of your face," he says. "At the best possible length and angle, teeth make a positive impact upon the shape of the face."
Other plastic surgeons have joined the trend by concentrating on the tissues around the mouth to provide some facial rejuvenation.
For instance, George Weston, M.D., co-founding plastic surgeon at the Austin-Weston Center for Cosmetic Surgery in Reston, Virginia, says he invented the Mouth Lift about two decades ago.
"With age, the edges of the mouth tend to turn downwards, suggesting a frown that makes us look unhappy, sad or not as young looking as we may feel," says Dr. Weston. "Many patients who have had the surgery say they are tired of people asking if something is wrong."
A mouth lift requires about one and one-half hours; scars are concealed in the red part of the lips so they can't be spotted from inches away. Technically known as an angioplasty, lifting the corners of the mouth also corrects the marionette lines, the deep creases that travel from the corners of the mouth down the chin and advertise advancing age.
Other practitioners, some with lasers, offer gum lifts to make smiles less gummy.
Before Facial Surgery
If you're planning on any facial plastic surgery, New York City dentist Carmen Schuller, D.D.S. says you'll have the best possible result if you first take care of your oral health.
"I specialize in 'integrative dentistry,' which combines oral health and the rest of the body's systems in the head and neck," says Dr. Schuller. "A dentist can create the ideal substructure for a plastic surgeon's work."
Dr. Schuller noted that some less-than-perfect outcomes in rejuvenation surgery were due to the following:
- The patient's jaw not being in balance and weak core facial muscles.
- The patient not being able to chew well. Missing teeth in the back of the mouth can cause an unnatural sinking of the cheeks.
- The distance between the nose and chin not being adequate. Restoring teeth to the natural height and shape balances that relationship.
- Patients who grind or clench their teeth developing headaches, neck and lower back pain, not the ideal environment for cosmetic surgery.
Dr. Schuller, like many dentists, uses computer-assisted design/computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) to accomplish everything in one visit. No temporaries and a wait for the lab to return finalized teeth are required.
"The most natural results of plastic or cosmetic surgery happens when the two medical specialties collaborate," says Dr. Schuller.
Having a better looking face, along with brighter teeth is, of course, the best of two worlds.
*Master of General Dentistry
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Determine the Layout Decision
Consider a layout decision which has been made in your own organisation. How was the layout devised? What were the key issues?
How has an understanding of consumer behaviour helped Groupon grow from 400 subscribers in Chicago in 2008 to 60 million subscribers in 40 countries today? What is the Groupon Prom
The emergency room serves patients who arrive according to a Poisson distribution at the rate of 9 per hour. Treatment takes an average of 6 minutes and the treatment times can be
In the table given below the Distribution Manager is expected to service these DCs as per the demands placed. If the actual sales after completing week one is as follows, what woul
Evaluate the service to club members and casual flyers by completing a table similar to table 3.1
Your company wants to increase revenues from its existing customers. How can data mining be used to accomplish his objective?
1) A process oriented layout will minimize the total time spent on setting up machines? 2) By increasing the capacity of an operation you improve its efficiency. 3) Standard
What is the role of participation in goal setting? Answer Participation is positively correlated with performance Participation provides more goal clarity Participation
Your final project entails systematic extraction of decision-aiding insights out of a dataset provided to you in the Doc Sharing area. This project will provide you with hands-on e
The Stone Company produces three sizes of window fans: small, medium, and large. The manager has formulated an LP model for fan production: maximize 6 x1 + 8 x2 + 5 x3 (profit) sub
String diagram is a simple tool for analyzing and designing work space such that movement can be minimized. The basic diagram is a scale plan or model on which a t
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All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd
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Home » Frush
1. (Science: veterinary) The frog of a horses foot.
2. A discharge of a fetid or ichorous matter from the frog of a horses foot; also caled thrush.
Origin: cf. Oe. Frosch, frosk, a frog (the animal), g. Frosch frog (the animal), also carney or lampass of horses. See frog, 2.
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Is Amazon Prime Still Cost Effective With a $20 Price Increase?
Published 6:43 am, Thursday, April 17, 2014
With Amazon raising prices in the United States for its Prime service from $79 a year to $99 a year today (April 17), existing and potential subscribers are likely to give some thought as to whether the service is a good deal.
That question can be definitively answered for people who sign up for the service solely because it offers unlimited free two-day shipping to members on any items Amazon sells directly. For those customers it's a simple math problem that Slate has created a widget for. The widget goes by the assumption that each Prime-eligible shipment costs non-Prime subscribers a minimum of $3.99 (actual costs can vary). To bring your average cost per shipment below $3.99, a customer would have to place 25 eligible orders in a year. That would bring the cost to $3.96 per shipment, according to the widget, making the $99 up-front investment at least nominally worth it.
At the old price of $79 it would take only 20 orders to bring your cost to $3.95 per order so the value point where the service is worthwhile has increased by five orders.
Of course Prime members also get free access to Prime Instant Video -- a sort of Netflix-light that includes movies, television shows, and a number of original programs. The value of that service can certainly be a tipping point for people on the fence about ordering Prime (or those who are unsure if they will order 25 times), but the value of the video service is heavily dependent on whether the potential subscriber will actually use it.
Amazon benefits from having more Prime members
Amazon wants people to join Prime because it encourages them to place more orders. Market research firm Consumer Intelligence Research Partners estimated that in 2013 Prime members may spend more than twice as much — $1,340 per year – than non-Prime members using Amazon, according to the Wall Street Journal.
Mark Rogowsky writes about Amazon for Forbes and he addressed the risk to Amazon in a column that was posted right after the increase was announced.
"Prime becomes a habit, leading to much higher spending with Amazon," he wrote. "The company is basically concluding that it will collect $20 extra from everyone and lose virtually no Amazon orders from anyone. If even a few percent of customers drop Prime and place even slightly fewer orders through the year, Amazon might end up losing out on enough gross margin to negate whatever benefit the extra $20 per remaining Prime customer brings."
Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos acknowledged in his 2013 letter to shareholders the benefits to the company of what he described as "tens of millions of Prime members worldwide," noting that they are ordering more items across more categories than ever before.
By raising the price of Prime, Amazon risks losing some of its best customers. But if you're spending $1,340 per year on the site it's hard to imagine you're not at least close to 25 orders.
Will customers drop Prime?
Clearly some customers are considering dropping Prime -- a user forum on Amazon's website has over 2,000 posts on the topic "Who else is canceling Prime and reducing overall transactions with Amazon?" There are numerous other discussion threads on the site that discuss the idea of canceling but for a service that likely has over 20 million subscribers (Amazon does not report the exact number) the chatter is relatively quiet.
The real danger for Amazon is the casual user who had a Prime membership on auto-renew that he or she never gave much thought to being pushed to cancel because the new price reminds him or her how little he or she has used the account.
The other danger Amazon faces is customers who used to buy a lot of physical books examining their buying habits and realizing that switching to an e-reader made Prime less of a value for them. Those customers may cancel Prime, but if they are already buying electronic books in the Amazon ecosystem they are likely to stay customers. Amazon may lose some revenue on those customers if they stop buying non-e-book items from the site but they will at least remain customers.
Prime is a pretty clear proposition
If you order from Amazon every other week or more Prime is clearly a good deal. If you order less than that -- say monthly -- but use Prime Video regularly the service may still be a good deal. If you use it less than 25 times a year and don't use Prime Video, canceling (or not signing up in the first place) is an option as is looking for ways to buy more from the online retailing giant.
Amazon is not always cheaper than local grocery stores or department stores but it often is. In some cases justifying a Prime subscription could be as simple as committing to ordering more from Amazon, which would not only make the subscription worth it but should also save you money.
The question of whether Prime is worth it really comes down to answering "do you place 25 orders a year or can you see yourself doing so?" If the answer is no and you're not using Prime Video then cancel or don't join. If the answer is yes than fork over the extra $20 and join up for another year.
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The article Is Amazon Prime Still Cost Effective With a $20 Price Increase? originally appeared on Fool.com.Daniel Kline has no position in any stocks mentioned. He is a Prime member who orders more than 25 times a year from Amazon. The Motley Fool recommends Amazon.com. The Motley Fool owns shares of Amazon.com. Try any of our Foolish newsletter services free for 30 days. We Fools may not all hold the same opinions, but we all believe that considering a diverse range of insights makes us better investors. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
Copyright © 1995 - 2014 The Motley Fool, LLC. All rights reserved. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
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The saying “you can tell so much about someone from looking at their shoes” is worth exploring in Texas. Every shoe and every boot has a story. Laurie Langy Reagan remembers her father coming home to their west Texas farm in his Red Wing boots — always worn with monkey socks.
Reagan says that when her parents moved out to west Texas, they had nothing. They broke the land and had little money. But despite the hardship, Reagan says that the community was uplifting.
“I remember knowing intimately our banker. What Jimmy Taylor said, either we could do it or we couldn’t do it,” Reagan says. “The kids worked on the farm every day and summers were not fun, but we were happy. We were a close-knit community. We had dances and relatives all over. We did everything together.”
Reagan remembers the smallest details about her dad’s work boots and the monkey socks he wore underneath.
“I always seemed to be there when he’d come in. Maybe it was really cold and he’d put his boots by the stove and he had those monkey socks,” Reagan says. “He’d put those on every morning very slowly. He’d roll down the cuff because they lost their elasticity pretty fast. He always knew where to roll them down so they’d be just above the boot top when he’d tie the laces.”
Reagan says that after her father passed away, she took over the farm.
“He only had an eighth grade education and yet, so many people came out to the funeral and just told wonderful stories,” Reagan says. “If that could happen, even just a tenth of that when I go, I would consider myself a lucky person.”
Written by Haley Butler.
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*Representational image credit & courtesy jagran.com
With the onset of the rainy season, the people, especially tribals who reside in forest villages in Jharkhand are facing a serious danger- snake bite death.
During the last fortnight of June, more than 95 victims of snake bites were admitted to the state government-run RIMS hospital. Across the state, more than 35 victims of snake bites died.
As per a survey conducted by a national Hindi daily- Hindustan, the data of snake bite deaths were connected with victims who had reached the hospitals.” There were snake bite victims who had died without reaching any hospital”, claims the report published by The Hindustan.
Investigations revealed that there were many Public Health Centres without any anti-venom needed to treat snake bite victims. As a result, the in-charge of these PHCs refer them to the Sadar hospital located in the town of the district.
Sadly, almost all these PHCs remain closed during the night when victims of snake bites need treatment. “ If any PHC remains open, it lacks staff and doctors. In consequence, the victim dies on way to the hospital.”
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| 0.977187
| 250
| 2.28125
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Many Americans put off their dental appointments because they can’t sit in the dentist’s chair. They’re sometimes haunted with a bad experience or terrified with the sight of the dentist’s drill and other instruments. This prevents them from getting the required treatment. If you’re also scared of the dentist, you can learn from these tips.
Some people apply distraction techniques by diverting their attention and avoid focusing on the procedure. They bring their favorite gadgets and enjoy their time listening to their iPod, playing with their tablets or watching TV. They also practice deep breathing to avoid the tension.
The best way to conquer your problem is to talk to your dentist first without any treatment involved. Set an appointment and inform the staff that you just want an open discussion with your Grand Junction dentist. During your initial consultation, express the reasons why you’re afraid. He’ll listen attentively to your concerns and gladly answer your questions.
Your health care professional will assess the level of your fear, evaluate your medical and oral health history, and study the required dental work for your teeth. After the assessment, he may recommend either inhaled or oral sedation.
For inhaled sedation, you will breathe nitrous oxide (laughing gas) combined with oxygen. It’s ideal for individuals with mild level of fear. Since the effect is just temporary, you can drive after that.
Oral sedation works by taking a sedative pill before your scheduled visit. The dosage of the prescribed drug can range from mild to moderate. This can help you relax during the treatment. You need to bring a family member or a friend to assist you, as you might not be able to drive because it can make you drowsy.
If you want to know more about sedation dentistry, feel free to consult Dr. Eric Benefield. You may reach him at (970) 243-8580. Call today!
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| 1.96875
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This video is a little bit fast for my liking ( remember to pause after each rule.) but it just might click with a couple of your students who have been making some common spelling mistakes.
The Latest in Tech, Tools and Toys for Teachers. Lesson Plans, Classroom resources and ideas for busy teachers. iPad Apps and Android Apps for teachers and students.
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In one of his cartoons the customary three lions in India's national emblem are replaced with three wolves, their teeth dripping blood, with the message "Long live corruption" written underneath.
Another cartoon depicts the Indian parliament as a giant toilet bowl.
Government officials say that while they are in favour of free speech, there is a thin line between that and insulting national symbols....
September 10, 2012
A protest chant, chanted in Mumbai, over the arrest of the cartoonist Aseem Trivedi, charged with sedition.
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Here’s a little transition tidbit for all of you out there: an article on speech training for MAAB women who are transitioning. As some of you may know, while hormone replacement with testosterone does cause voice changes, HRT with estrogen doesn’t. So some women may want to intentionally speak in a way that will be read as that of a woman’s. Apparently, this depends on a few factors. The article says:
“Men speak in monotones, using volume instead of pitch to emphasize different syllables, with their heads perpendicular to their shoulders, while women tilt and move their heads and speak in rising and falling pitches. Male voices originate in the chest, female voices in the throat.”
Also, the pitch range is different, being on average 210-220 Hertz for women, and 110-120 for men. The gender-neutral range is 145-165. I think it’s worth noting that these are for cisgender people, and so I say, if a transwoman has a voice pitch of 11o Hertz, then that is well within the range of a voice a woman may have. On the other hand, being read as cisgender is an important survival tool for trans* people, and also is a legitimate desire. I’m just saying, this is a complicated issue.
I bet this training is pretty expensive, but if you read the article you could probably pick up a trick or two for yourself.
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https://transcolumbia.wordpress.com/2011/08/18/speech-training/
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If you want to know how to recover from burnout, this post has lots of ideas to help!
Burnout can happen to anyone, and goes above and beyond typical feelings of stress and overwhelm that many of us experience during busy and challenging times. It’s much more severe, and can negatively impact our physical and mental health if left untreated.
Keep reading for the signs and symptoms of burnout, tips to hep you prioritize your physical and mental wellbeing, and advice on how to prevent burnout from happening again.
What Is ‘Burnout’?
While we all go through periods of stress from time to time, burnout is a much more severe condition that causes significant mental, physical, and emotional exhaustion. It can cause you to feel less joy about things that typically interest you – your career, family, friends, hobbies, etc. – and can make everyday activities feel difficult and exhausting. If left untreated, burnout can make it difficult for you to cope with any form of stress, and it can lead to more serious physical and psychological conditions like depression and heart disease.
What Causes Burnout?
We often think the term ‘burnout’ refers to the feelings of stress and exhaustion we feel when we’re working too many hours on a big project at work and/or juggling too much in our personal lives without taking time off to rest and relax. These situations can absolutely cause us to run out of steam, but true burnout is more extreme and has longer-lasting effects on our physical and mental well-being that require more than a long weekend away.
Here are a few common causes of burnout:
- Your career. Doctors, nurses, therapists, and caregivers are at risk of burnout as they are regularly exposed to extremely stressful situations.
- Your personality. If you identify yourself as being a Type A Personality and/or have perfectionist tendencies, you may be more susceptive to burnout.
- Burning the midnight oil. If the demands placed on you chronically exceed your capacity, you are at risk of burnout.
- Parental burnout. Juggling kids, a career, a home, ageing parents, and other life stressors can also increase your risk of burnout.
- Feeling as though you have no control of your circumstances. Sickness, death, divorce, grief, and witnessing a traumatic event can all cause you to feel as though you lack control over your life and lead to burnout, as can being stuck in a negative work environment.
- Lack of close, supportive relationships. No matter what your career, personality, and life situation is, navigating your way through life without supportive relationships can increase your risk of burnout.
What Are the Symptoms of Burnout?
If you want to know how to recover from burnout, a good first step is to identify your symptoms and rule out any underlying conditions that may be making you feel the way you do.
Common symptoms of burnout include:
- Fatigue, exhaustion, and lack of energy
- Sleep disturbances
- Inability to focus and concentrate
- Difficulty making decisions
- Becoming upset and irritated more easily
- Feeling overwhelmed by basic, everyday tasks
- Depression and/or anxiety
- Withdrawing from others
- Feeling indifferent about things that once brought you joy
- Increased use of vices like alcohol, drugs, and/or food to cope with feelings
- Relationship problems
Burnout can also cause physical symptoms, from tense muscles and backaches, to headaches and gastrointestinal upset, to chest tightness and more frequent illnesses. Remember that each of these can be the sign of a more serious underlying medical condition, and be sure to discuss these symptoms with a medical professional.
How to Recover From Burnout
1. GET BACK TO BASICS
If you want to know how to recover from burnout, a great first step is to get back to basics. Make sure you’re getting enough sleep, nourish your body with the right foods, stay hydrated, find ways to stay active without taxing your body too much, and keep stress to a minimum. While each of these may seem insignificant, an imbalance in one or more of these basic needs can negatively impact your physical and mental well-being over time.
2. PRESS PAUSE
Speak to a medical professional to rule out other medical conditions, and if you are sure your symptoms are due to burnout, give yourself permission to press pause. Taking time away from your usual day-to-day routine will help you clear your mind and gain clarity on what is causing you to feel the way you do. It will also enable you to see things from a different perspective, strategize solutions, and take action so you feel more in control.
3. IDENTIFY THE SOURCE OF YOUR BURNOUT
If you want to know how to recover from burnout, you need to figure out the root cause first. While you may be able to improve your symptoms in the short-term by getting more sleep, spending time with friends and family, and/or taking a few rests days or a week-long vacation, they will eventually return if you don’t deal with the source of your problems.
Keep in mind that the cause of your burnout won’t always be obvious, but taking the time to reflect, think outside the box, and track your feelings can be helpful. Remember that your symptoms are usually the tip of a much bigger iceberg, and since only about 10% of an iceberg is visible to the naked eye, it can take time to dig deep and understand the things that are driving you to feel depleted and burnt out.
Once you know WHY you are suffering from burnout, it’s time to strategize. This can be incredibly difficult and uncomfortable because the solution to your problems will likely require a lot more than indulging in regular TLC. If you are suffering from work burnout, you may need to consider a change in jobs or a different career. If you’re an overachieving perfectionist, you may need to commit to do less and/or lower your standards. If you’re suffering from parental burnout, you may need to ask for help and learn to delegate to others.
5. REEVALUATE YOUR GOALS AND PRIORITIES
This is sort of a continuation of the point above, but it’s an important tip so I wanted to call it out separately. As you are strategizing ways to improve the areas of your life that are causing you to feel depleted, take a moment to reevaluate your goals and priorities. It is so easy to lose sight of what’s truly important to us when we’re operating on auto-pilot, and sometimes we need to step back and put things into perspective to ensure our time and energy is being directed towards the right things.
6. LEARN HOW TO SAY ‘NO’
If you’re trying to figure out how to recover from burnout, learning how to say no will be life-changing for you. If something isn’t personally important to you, doesn’t contribute to your goals, goes against the things you stand for, isn’t part of your job description, etc., it doesn’t belong in your life.
Of course, this sounds great in theory, but if you’re a people-pleaser, saying no can be really difficult. Here are some tips to help!
- Do it quickly. While waiting until the last minute to come up with an excuse may seem a lot less stressful than being upfront and honest from the get-go, remember that it’s highly unfair to the other person, especially if they are relying on you for something. The more notice you give them, the more likely they will be able to find someone else to fill your shoes.
- Be honest. As tempting as it is to fabricate an elaborate lie to try and get out of something, honesty really is the best policy. You’re less likely to get caught in a lie, and the person you are letting down will respect you more in the long-run.
- Don’t dwell. When you’ve made your decision to say ‘no’ to someone, do it as honestly and quickly as you can, and then move on. Get straight to the point and don’t over-explain. The more you dwell, the more you open yourself up for negotiation, which is exactly what you’re trying to avoid!
- Propose a compromise. If you’re really struggling to say ‘no’ to someone, consider coming up with an appropriate compromise to help show your support. It can go a long way in letting someone down gently!
- Stop feeling guilty. The problem with guilt is that it eventually turns into resentment, and while it would be nice to have a never-ending supply of time to commit to every single thing that crosses our paths, doing so is a recipe for burnout. Stop feeling guilty for putting your own needs first.
7. PRIORITIZE REGULAR SELF-CARE
If you are trying to figure out how to recover from burnout, make sure you’re scheduling self-care into your daily routine. Instead of worrying about how you are showing up for others, consider how you are showing up for yourself. When we take care of the physical, emotional, psychological, and spiritual aspects of our lives, we reduce emotional issues like stress, anxiety, and depression as well as the physical reactions they create. Engaging in regular self-care leaves us with more energy and motivation, allowing us to show up well for our family, friends, and colleagues. Finding time to do something that rejuvenates us on the regular is a great way to get comfortable with putting our own needs first.
CLICK HERE for a list of 21 self-care care ideas for women you actually have time for!
8. TALK TO A PROFESSIONAL
My last tip for those who are trying to recover from burnout is to talk to a professional. As scary as this may sound, it’s essential that you learn to take care of yourself, and a licensed medical practitioner and/or therapist can offer practical advice on how to rectify your challenges so you can create and enjoy a balanced, happy life!
If you’re suffering from burnout, I hope the tips and ideas in this post help you get to the root cause and make changes so you can live your best life every single day.
This post contains affiliate links.
If you’re trying to figure out how to recover from burnout and found this post helpful, please share it on Pinterest!
And if you’re looking for more health-related tips and tricks, please follow our Health board where we share all kinds of great ideas we find each day!
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Walleye in Alberta (Sander Vitreus)
- two dorsal fins, one is spiny, the other is soft
- glassy eyes that reflect white light
- white tips on anal and lower caudal fins
- large mouth armed with sharp canine teeth
- olive/gold colour with five darker saddles on their back; white bellies
Walleye (sometimes called Pickerel which are not related at all) are one of the most wide spread species in Alberta and are found in many lakes and some rivers throughout the province. They have been the most stocked fish in Alberta since 2006, and are the most sought after fish for consumption due to their quality white tasting meat. Walleye are the only species in Alberta that are protect by a special harvest license at selected lakes. Special harvest license applications are generally available between March and April. Walleye's main forage is bait fish and insects and can be caught by either angling or fly fishing. They are very aggressive feeders and usually hunt in schools, so if you catch one, you will most likely catch more.
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Historical and Literary Manuscript Collections
Special Collections Department
University of Iowa Libraries
Dust jackets from books in the Dada collection at the University of Iowa. MsC909. (Finding Aid)
*DAKIN, ALLIN W., 1905-. Papers of Allin W. Dakin, 1940-1981. 24 ft.
Administrative dean at the University of Iowa (1944-1974). Correspondence, notebooks, and speeches relating to Dakin's many civic interests and activities. Topics included are Rotary International, Boy Scouts of America, and U of I. MsC418. (Finding Aid)
DANIELS, AMY L., 1875-1965. Papers of Amy L. Daniels, 1903-1942. 0.25 ft.
Professor of nutrition at the Iowa Child Welfare Research Station, 1918-1941. Her accomplishments documented in photographs and clippings. RG 99.0308. (Finding Aid)
DANA, ROBERT. Robert Dana Papers.
Poet. MsC 892.
DARLING, FREDERICK. Papers of Frederick
Darling. .25 ft.
Iowa author. MsC869.(Finding Aid)
DARLING, JAY NORWOOD,
1876-1962. Papers of Jay N. Darling, 1909-1954. 2.5 ft.
Correspondence, speeches, articles, leaflets, clippings, scrapbooks and a sketchbook, mostly dealing with politics, conservation, or family affairs, assembled by newspaper cartoonist "Ding" Darling of The Des Moines Register. There are also some 6,000 original pen-and-ink cartoons drawn by Darling. MsC170. (Finding Aid)
WARNER, 1844-1913. Papers of Marcellus W. Darling, 1862-1911. 78 items.
Civil War soldier, Congregational minister, and father of Jay Norwood Darling. Consists primarily of letters, a diary, and memoirs of his service in Company K, 154th New York Volunteer Infantry during the Civil War. MsC236. (Finding Aid)
CORPORATION. Records of the Davenport Besler Company, 1901-56. 80 ft.
Business records of a liquidated Davenport, Iowa, locomotive manufacturing company. MsC81. (Finding Aid)
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. Records of the Davenport Chamber of Commerce, 1918- .
Minutes, financial records, correspondence, subject files, agendas and other records. MsC140. (Finding Aid)
OSHA GRAY. Papers of Osha G. Davidson, 1987-1994. 1.5 ft.
Free-lance journalist and author of Broken Heartland and Under Fire. Correspondence, research notes, and preliminary drafts of his writings. Iowa Authors Mss. MsC588. (Finding Aid)
DAVIES, John Leonard. Papers of John Leonard Davies, 1938-1963. 0.5 ft.
Iowa writer and educator in the Division of Continuing Education. MsC820. (Finding Aid)
FOSTER. Papers of Andrew F. Davis, 1861-1891. 129 items.
Civil War soldier. Correspondence from Davis (an officer in Co.I, 15th Regiment, Indiana Volunteers) to his wife and daughters. Letters include information on troop morale, slavery, camp life, battles, Copperheads, etc. MsC454 (Finding Aid)
DAWN, MORGAN. Morgan Dawn Fanzine and Fanvid Collection, 1976-2010. 13.5 ft.
Collection of fanzines and fanvids (fan-created montages of video clips from assorted media fandoms set to music) relating to numerous media fandoms, assembled by long-time fan writer and vidder Dawn. MsC403. (Finding Aid)
DAWN, MORGAN. Morgan Dawn The Professionals Circuit Library and Fanzine Collection, 1982-2010. 7.5 ft.
Collection of fanzines and items of fan fiction relating to the British crime drama The Professionals, including the print and digital contents of the fan-assembled 'Circuit Library'. MsC439. (Finding Aid)
ALBERT FOSTER, 1872-1949. Papers of Albert F. Dawson, 1904-1942. 101
U.S. Representative from Iowa and businessman. Speeches on various topics. MsC67. (Finding Aid)
DeGOWIN, ELMER, 1901-1980. Papers
of Elmer DeGowin and the DeGowin Blood Donor Center. 5.5 ft.
Founded the University of Iowa Hospital’s blood bank in 1938, one of the nation’s first. Co-author of the first modern text on “Blood Transfusion” (1949). RG 99.0320 (Finding Aid)
JAMES, 1918- . Papers of Lucas J. DeKoster, 1967-1982. 1 ft.
Iowa state senator. DeKoster's correspondence and legislative newsletters from his terms in the legislature. MsC289. (Finding Aid)
DEAN, AMOS, 1803-1869. Papers of Amos Dean. 1 ft.
First president of the University of Iowa, 1855-1860. RG05.01.01 (Finding Aid)
RAYMOND, 1901-1973. Collector. B.R. Dew Collection of Railroadiana, 1883-1966. 7 ft.
Railroad employee and collector. Collection of publications, timetables, photographs, tickets, passes, and artifacts relating to the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway, as well as other railroads. MsC497. (Finding Aid)
DEWEL, B. F. (TOD), 1902-1999. Papers of B. F. (Tod) Dewel, 1920-1992. 1 ft.
College of Dentistry graduate and teaching assistant who endowed the first chair in dentistry in 1988. Correspondence and course notebooks regarding dental education and history. RG 99.0216. (Finding Aid)
CHARLES A., 1877-1958. Papers of Charles A. Dewey, 1888-1954. 6.5 ft.
Judge and lawyer. Papers relating primarily to his career on the bench. Correspondence and subject files, together with biographical material, speeches, and articles make up the collection. Includes jury instructions and a well documented lawsuit involving Union Carbide and Carbon Corp. MsC103. (Finding Aid)
*DEXTER COMPANY. Records of the Dexter Company, 1904-1954. 20 ft.
Washing machine manufacturing company in Fairfield, Iowa. Corporate records, financial reports, correspondence, patents, etc. MsC344. (Finding Aid)
DEY, PETER ANTHONY,
1825-1911. Papers of Peter A. Dey, 1853-1911. 47 v.
Engineer who worked on canals and railroads and Iowa City businessman. Diaries and note books. MsC86. (Finding Aid)
LESTER JESSE, 1873-1968. Papers of Lester J. Dickinson, 1898-1955. 4
U.S. Representative and Senator from Iowa. Speeches, scrapbooks, correspondence, clippings, and campaign material all related to his political career. MsC94. (Finding Aid)
DIMOND, T. L. Papers of T. L. Dimond.
Engineer. MsC806. (Finding Aid)
DOCTOR GENEROSITY PRESS. Publications, 1969-1971. .25 ft.
Paperback books, broadsides, correspondence for this small press. MsC281. (Finding Aid)
DODGE, GRENVILLE MELLEN,
1831-1916. Notebook of Grenville M. Dodge. n.d., 1 v.
Describes railroad engineering problems. Included in the Iowa Documents Collection. MsC897. (Finding Aid)
JAMES I., 1894-. Papers of James I. Dolliver, 1923-1962. 21 ft.
Attorney, U.S. Representative from Iowa, and Regional Legal Council for the International Cooperation Administration of the Middle East. Correspondence, speeches, and subject files relating to his career. MsC243. (Finding Aid)
1924-1996. Correspondence, notebooks and manuscripts of Chilean writer Jose
Donoso, 1942-1967, ca. 1500 items.
The collection contains a preliminary version of Donoso's first novel, Coronación, many drafts of El obsceno pájaro de la noche (The Obscene Bird of Night), as well as drafts of stories and other writings. MsC 340. (Finding Aid)
DONOVAN, JOSEPHINE. Josephine Donovan . .25 ft.
Iowa Author. MsC869. (Finding Aid)
*DOWNING, J. HYATT,
1888- . Papers of J. Hyatt Downing, 1925-1968. 1.5 ft.
Novelist and story writer. Correspondence, subject files, biographical material, and preliminary drafts of his writings. Iowa Authors Mss. MsC591. (Finding Aid). See also "J. Hyatt Downing: The Chronicle of an Era" by Anthony T. Wadden.
DRABBLE, MARGARET, 1939-. Margaret Drabble's Research Files for Angus Wilson: A Biography, 1990-1995. 4.8 ft.
Acclaimed British novelist and scholar. Research files, including administrative material, research materials, and corrected typescripts for her 1995 biography of novelist Sir Angus Wilson. MsC 931. (Finding Aid)
1945-. Papers of David Drake, 1979-2002. 7.5 ft.
Science fiction author. This collections contains many second drafts of Drake's novels, essays, and short stories. Iowa Author Mss. MsC592. (Finding Aid)
1945-. Papers of Norman Dubie, 1970-
Poet: numerous books from Alehouse Sonnets (1971) to Funeral (1998). Manuscripts, correspondence, other papers. MsC409. (Finding Aid)
DUFF, A. Account
book of A. Duff, 1874-1881. 1 v.
Account book of a variety store in Washington, Iowa. MsC38. (Finding Aid)
DUNCAN, ACTEA. Actea Duncan Papers.
Iowa author. MsC869. (Finding Aid)
THOMAS WILLIAM, 1905-. Papers of Thomas W. Duncan,
[1940?]-1959. 8.5 ft.
Novelist and story writer. Preliminary drafts, notes, revisions, and galley proofs for three of his novels, including a highly successful circus novel, Gus the Great (1947). Iowa Authors Mss. MsC594. (Finding Aid)
DUNN, LLOYD. Papers of Lloyd
Publisher of Retrofuturist and PhotoStatic magazines and member of collage music groups the Tape-beatles and Public Works. The collection includes audio cassettes as well as two boxes of videotapes and a number of small art works which incorporate audio cassettes. MsC520.(Finding Aid)
DUNN, SAMUEL ORACE,
1877-1958. Papers of Samuel O. Dunn, 1917-1928. 25 items.
Editor and writer on railroads. Speeches and articles. MsC435. (Finding Aid)
DURLAND, STEVEN. Papers of Steven Durland. 1.5 ft. plus 1 Oversize box. Personal correspondence and documentation as well as artworks and other documentation from the Not Clay International Mail Art Show, co-curated by Durland and Melvin Tearle in 1977, and The Cover, co-curated by Durland and Robert Harris in 1978. MsC787. (Finding Aid)
Writer, sculptor, performance artist, and editor of High Performance magazine.
Personal correspondence and documentation as well as artworks and other documentation from the Not Clay International Mail Art Show, co-curated by Durland and Melvin Tearle in 1977, and The Cover, co-curated by Durland and Robert Harris in 1978.
MsC787. (Finding Aid)
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/scua/manuscriptsd.html
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| 0.836299
| 2,586
| 1.523438
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As you know, for some years we have been discussing with your security team our concerns about safety and privacy on Facebook.
Every day, victims report to us numerous incidents of crime and fraud on Facebook. They have been personally affected and are desperate for advice on how to deal with the consequences.
A frequent refrain from users who contact us is, ‘Why doesn’t Facebook do more to protect us?’
We have identified three simple steps you can take to better protect your users:
1) PRIVACY BY DEFAULT
No more sharing of information without your users’ express agreement (OPT-IN). Whenever you add a new feature to share additional information about your users, you should not assume that they want this feature turned on.
2) VETTED APP DEVELOPERS
It is far too easy to become a developer on Facebook. With over one million app developers already registered on the Facebook platform, it is hardly surprising that your service is riddled with rogue applications and viral scams. Only vetted and approved third-party developers should be allowed to publish apps on your platform.
3) HTTPS FOR EVERYTHING
We welcome you recently introducing an HTTPS option, but you left it turned off by default. Worse, you only commit to provide a secure connection “whenever possible”. Facebook should enforce a secure connection all the time, by default. Without this protection, your users are at risk of losing personal information to hackers.
Why wait until regulators force your hand on privacy? Act now for the greater good of all.
Your users tell us that these are issues they want resolved. So our question is simple: when do you plan to act?
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<urn:uuid:948bf4d8-8754-4735-b569-393bc2e00387>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2011/04/18/facebook-open-letter/
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Church versus State in South Africa — book review
This book was a trip down memory lane. It is the story of the Christian Institute of Southern Africa, which was founded in 1963 and banned by the South African government in 1977. Its short 14 years of existence were full of drama and excitement, which grew out of things that people often regard as dull, like theology and the study of the Bible.
The Christian Institute was intended to be a grassroots ecumencial organisation, and it began when some theologians of the three Afrikaans Reformed Churches in South Africa began to have doubts about the theological justification of apartheid which those denominations were giving to support the National Party government’s policy. That was in the late 1950s, and the Anglican Archbishop of Cape Town in those days, Joost de Blank, who was of Dutch ancestry, believed that the policy of apartheid was evil, and he demanded that the Dutch Reformed Churches be expelled from the World Council of Churches unless they renounced it. The result was a consultation between WCC staff and the South African membet churches in Cottesloe, Johannesburg, in 1960. The NG Kerk representatives and the other member churches got on fairly well, and issued agreed joint statements, though the Nederduitch Hervormde Kerk representatives dissented (the NHK was theologically liberal, but politically conservative).
The government was furious, and the NGK representatives at Cottesloe found themselves out on a limb. Both the NGK and NHK withdrew from the World Council of Churches, and fell into line with the government position, supporting apartheid. Those who attended the Cottesloe consultation, and others who thought like them, looked for other ways of maintaining ecumenical contacts, and the result was the formation of the Christian Institute. Denominations might join councils of churches, but individuals could join the Christian Institute, even if their denominations had no official ecumenical contacts. Beyers Naudé, the minister of the NGK congregation at Aasvoelkop (Northcliff) was asked to be director, and the synods of his church vindictively defrocked him as a minister for doing so.
This is told in some detail in Walshe’s book. Those who founded the Christian Institute were members of the Dutch Reformed Churches, and mainly of the largest of them, the NG Kerk. But the Institute was also resolutely opposed by the leaders of those churches, through the power of a secret society, the Afrikaner Brotherhood (Broederbond), which, like the Freemasons, sought to gain control of key positions in church, state and society, in order to advance their interests, and what they saw as the interests of the Afrikaner people. They ensured that anyone who sympathised with Naudé and the others did not dare to do so openly.
Other denominations had no such constraints, and the formation of the Christian Institute was welcomed by them, and ecumenically-minded clergy joined the institute, as did some laity, mostly urban whites of a liberal inclination. The government saw the Christian Institute as a threat primarily because its founders were white Afrikaners, which were the government’s core constituency. It was a threat because it could weaken their supporters’ faith in the rightness of the ideology of apartheid.
For most of the 1960s this was the main thrust of the work of the Christian Institute; it was to persuade Afrikaners that apartheid was unChristian. But other denominations needed to hear the message too. The propaganda for apartheid grew in intensity, and was aimed at the whole population. In 1968 the Christian Institute, in conjunction with the newly revitalised South African Council of Churches, issued “A Message to the People of South Africa” a statement of exactly what was theologically wrong with apartheid. While it provided useful ammunition for polemics against the defenders of apartheid, on the whole neither the Message nor the polemics changed anyone’s mind. Many blacks who read the Message agreed with it, but said, “We know this, and have known it for a long time. It is whites who need to hear it. Take it to the whites.”
But the whites weren’t listening, for the most part, and a new generation of blacks developed Black Consciousness and Black Theology and a new determination to change the system. In the 1970s more blacks joined the Christian Institute, and in October 1977 it was banned.
Peter Walshe has told the story pretty well, I think, though there are some interesting omissions of things that I was very familiar with and closely involved in, but I have to some extent made up for them in my contribution to Oom Bey for the future, a collection of essays on the significance of the witness of Beyers Naudé for the future of South Africa.
One of the things that Peter Walshe mentions, but does not bring out strongly enough, was the tension within the Christian Institute between bureaucratic centralism on the one hand, and a mass movement on the other. The Message to the People of South Africa had sparked the vision, among some people at least, of a Confessing Church, similar to that in Nazi Germany. At the time the Message was released, several “Obedience to God” groups were formed, that could have been the nucleus of such a confessing church. But the leaders of the Christian Institute thought that this might weaken their insistence that they were not a church, and weaken still further their already non-existent links to the Dutch Reformed Churches.
I and some others pointed out that in Natal there were many black people, mostly peasants, who have been members of the recently-disbanded Liberal Party. If they were recruited as members of the Christian Institute, and encouraged for form small interdenominational study and action groups, it could become a mass movement, rather than all the action taking place in offices in Johannesburg. According to Walshe, the Christian Institute leaders started to move in that direction around 1976, by when it was too late. But he does not mention that they had an opportunity to do so in 1969, but let it slip. And some rapidly-growing youth groups in Durban were also effectively disowned by the Christian Institute head office because some in the head office, like Bruckner de Villiers, though it might interfere with his plans to form a new political party to the left of the National Party but to the right of the already right-wing United Party.
The Christian Institute did a lot of good work, and helped to stir quite a lot of Christians to action, but at some crucial points it also failed to follow up the action effectively. That, however, was not a unique failing of the Christian Instiotute. It was common to most Christian groups and organisations in the country.
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August 17, 2005
Hilton sells Chicago’s landmark Palmer House Hotel
NEW YORK (Reuters) - The Palmer House Hotel, the landmark
Chicago hotel where writers Mark Twain and Rudyard Kipling and
U.S. presidents once spent the night, has been sold to Thor
Equities, a private equity group, for $230 million, the
companies said on Wednesday..
Thor, which bought the building from Hilton Hotels Corp.,
plans on pouring more than $100 million into renovations, which
will include a three-level retail center.
Renovations will take about two to three years, Thor said.
Hilton will continue to operate the 1,639-room, 79-suite
hotel, located at Monroe and Wabash streets in Chicago's Loop,
under a long-term management contract. There are no plans to
close the hotel during renovation, Hilton spokeswoman Kathy
The Palmer House was built by wealthy entrepreneur Potter
Palmer, opening on September 26, 1871. It burned to the ground
just 13 days later in the Great Chicago fire. Palmer built anew
hotel across the street from the former building and opened it
in July 1873.
It was the first hotel to be equipped with electric lights
and telephones in each room.
Conrad Hilton purchased the Palmer House in December 1945.
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WASHINGTON (CN) — The Supreme Court split 6-3 on party lines Thursday in a ruling that says New York unconstitutionally restricted who gets to carry a concealed weapon in public.
“In District of Columbia v. Heller, and McDonald v. Chicago, we recognized that the Second and Fourteenth Amendments protect the right of an ordinary, law-abiding citizen to possess a handgun in the home for self-defense,” Justice Clarence Thomas wrote for the majority. “In this case, petitioners and respondents agree that ordinary, law-abiding citizens have a similar right to carry handguns publicly for their self-defense. We too agree, and now hold, consistent with Heller and McDonald, that the Second and Fourteenth Amendments protect an individual’s right to carry a handgun for self-defense outside the home.”
All three Democratic-appointed justices dissented, calling the ruling a major obstacle in the movement to address gun violence.
“Many States have tried to address some of the dangers of gun violence just described by passing laws that limit, in various ways, who may purchase, carry, or use firearms of different kinds,” Justice Stephen Breyer wrote, joined by joined by Justices Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan. “The Court today severely burdens States’ efforts to do so.”
President Joe Biden called the ruling a deep disappointment, one that "contradicts both common sense and the Constitution, and should deeply trouble us all." He noted his executive actions to prevent gun violence and called on Americans to rally for gun safety.
"I urge states to continue to enact and enforce commonsense laws to make their citizens and communities safer from gun violence," Biden said in a statement. "As the late Justice Scalia recognized, the Second Amendment is not absolute. For centuries, states have regulated who may purchase or possess weapons, the types of weapons they may use, and the places they may carry those weapons. And the courts have upheld these regulations. I call on Americans across the country to make their voices heard on gun safety. Lives are on the line."
The ruling is the first of its kind in over a decade and comes amid renewed attention to gun laws across the country following the murder of 19 children and two school teachers in the deadliest mass shooting of the year.
For the last century, New York has used the Sullivan Law’s “proper cause” requirement to decide if gun owners qualify for a concealed-carry permit. New York allows licensing authorities to use discretion when considering applications to carry concealed firearms. Laws like New York's are referred to as “may” laws because a state may issue a license if the person shows good cause. Some states do not allow this discretion and instead have “shall” laws. In other states like Texas, the permitting process is being abandoned altogether.
The court’s decision strikes down the “may” laws, but keeps in place the “shall” laws. Justice Brett Kavanaugh — joined by Chief Justice John Roberts — addresses this issue specifically in a concurring opinion.
“The Court’s decision does not prohibit States from imposing licensing requirements for carrying a handgun for self-defense,” the Trump appointee wrote. “In particular, the Court’s decision does not affect the existing licensing regimes — known as “shall-issue” regimes — that are employed in 43 States.”
Robert Nash and Brandon Koch brought the underlying case after New York authorities decided that their self-defense needs did not amount to proper cause to justify concealed-carry licenses. Joined by the New York State Rifle & Pistol Association, Nash and Koch took their fight to Washington after a federal judge found the law constitutional, and the Second Circuit affirmed.
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Furniture made from bamboo, one of the fastest-growing plants, accounts for about 1% of Ikea's global sales of EUR 30 billion (about Rs 2,28,600 crore), and is mainly sourced from Indonesia, China and other far east countries. The Swedish retailer known for its ready to assemble products now wants to change that.
"We believe India can be the game changer in the bamboo furniture industry. India can be the leading bamboo furniture producer in the world if they get it together," said Patrik Antony, communications manager at Ikea India.
Ikea has recently partnered with a bamboo grower in Bangalore and is looking at roping in at least a dozen suppliers from primarily north-eastern states. The firm is in talks with a few state governments to incentivise bamboo cultivation and supply. Ikea is responsible for approximately 1% of world commercial-product wood consumption, making it one of the largest users of wood in the retail sector.
Ikea will open its first Indian store early next year in Hyderabad. It plans to open 25 stores — each large enough to fit about four football fields — in the country by 2025.
Ikea said India is the first country where it has announced its long term plans even before opening a store, indicating the potential it sees in the market. "What we normally do is open one store and we look at what happens. This is the first time Ikea is opening a country and not a store," Antony said.
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Use words, not force. Make railways, not war. These overly simple ideas capture a national story – the Canadian one – that differs from those of most other countries.
Canada’s story has increasingly been driven by persuasion. The American story has more often been shaped by war and violence: the Revolutionary War, Civil War, Indian wars, Mexican wars, lynching and 300 million guns in private hands.
These differences in how to go about things and how to make a good society are huge. They come from the fact that the histories of the two countries are so dissimilar, as are the choices each has made along the way. Over the years the differences have been the source of both strength and weakness.
The United States has been great when it comes to freedom and science – the most transformative forces for doing things in a better way since the Renaissance. There is still more to do but science and freedom now face limits because the U.S. lacks mutual accommodation, which is the key to a satisfactory way forward.
So, while the U.S. remains unmatched, it is now less indispensable because so much is inherently beyond its reach. The world today is different and needs a different kind of country, which means Canada’s special task is to help advance mutual accommodation outside as well as within its borders.
Since its beginnings – first Quebec in 1608 and then Confederation in 1867 – Canada has had three very big achievements. First, it has survived – not just as a nation but as one that includes the distinctive province of Quebec. Second, it made itself coast-to-coast. Finally, despite its divisions of nationality, culture, language, religion and class, it has developed a political and socio-cultural outlook that works.
All these achievements have been based on mutual accommodation. Today’s Canada is the product of its capacity for mutual accommodation and a belief in an underlying shared order.
But how well is this historical fact understood as we prepare for the 150th anniversary of Confederation in 2017?
Seven key ideas
The Canadian Narrative Project is a collaboration with Bill Innes, who has spent his career in the global oil industry in Canada, Europe, Japan and the United States. He and I are not historian wannabes who think we have a better grasp of Canadian history than others. The purpose of the project is very simple: to get Canadians talking about whether Canada has a shared story; whether that story is indeed mutual accommodation and whether understanding that story will strengthen us for the future.
At the heart of the project is the notion that, in many ways, Canada is still “the unknown country” that inspired the famous 1942 book with that title written by Bruce Hutchison, the late journalist and political commentator.
That idea is one of seven that shape the notion of Canada as the product of mutual accommodation. The second is the concept of “usable history,” which stems a piece in The New Yorker by U.S. historian William Pfaff soon after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Newly emerged Russia’s problem, he said, was that it had no usable history – which comes from what has worked to get a country through something hard in its past. Interestingly, after the 9/11 terror attacks, Mayor Rudy Giuliani found New York’s usable history in what Londoners did during the Second World War to endure the Blitz.
Third, the central idea that shared stories are the stuff of usable history – a vital source of strength or of weakness – comes from many diverse places.
The four remaining ideas are more original and therefore may be less familiar:
- Mutual accommodation as a formal term. While Canadians instinctively understand it as a practical way to go about much of their business, it has not been expressed previously in two simple words. Amid everything that is going on in the world today, this idea becomes ever more central, not only for Canada but for other nations too.
- The likelihood that Canada will have another “Sir John A. Macdonald moment” – which will demand achievements that seem completely improbable and require much boldness and patience. The first such moment was Sir John A.’s bold and improbable decision to build a railway that would make this country coast to coast and able to withstand American expansionism.
- Globally, we are at another very difficult moment of change in history (as in 1815, 1914, 1945, or 2001). Moments in history come when the momentum and direction of the dominant forces that have overcome everything standing in their way start to weaken, the counterforces become stronger, and the path forward is once again uncertain.
- Greatness is important for countries and for leaders. Although great leaders and great countries make many mistakes – some of them big ones – they get the most important things right. Sir Wilfrid Laurier and Canada became great by getting mutual accommodation right. Canada will always be Laurier’s country, unless it chooses to abandon its mutual accommodation ways or reaches an impasse where they no longer work.
As for shared stories, they can strengthen the courage needed to support bold action and confront hard challenges. These two ideas – courage and shared stories – lie behind the Canadian Narrative Project.
Mr. Innes sees Canada’s mutual accommodation story as a crucial advantage at home and abroad, an idea central to what we have achieved.
I, in turn, foresee several decades of challenge ahead on the scale of what happened internationally after 1910.
We will get the policies we need to survive and thrive only if we find the story that captures where Canadians are now and how they see things – and if we put what we find to good use. This national conversation is key to everything else before us.
Mutual accommodation is the opposite of what is happening in the United States. This great nation is being undermined by extreme emphasis on individual rights at the expense of society, on divisions among different groups, and on the never-ending struggle between good and evil. The global order now faces serious risks of destabilization and disruption. Mutual accommodation looks more and more to be the crucial ingredient needed for the survival of the best of our world as we know it.
There are three kinds of stories: the “how” (the manner of journey), the “where” (the journey’s destination), and the “what” (specific events that happen along the way). Mutual accommodation is a how story – a way of doing politics and social living. Science is another great how story – the whats (the discoveries) and the wheres (the specific investigation goals) take place within the science way of doing things. In the years since the Renaissance, science has changed the world by the way it approaches knowledge and technology. Freedom, human rights, the rule of law, and democracy have also changed the world.
Mutual accommodation is not itself a memorable event, although it can make possible uniquely remarkable events. It has changed Canada. It has not yet changed the world. But Europe’s postwar successes have come from the continent’s growing capacity for mutual accommodation. Europe’s current risks stem from those places where it has fallen short. With the right will, however, mutual accommodation can change the world – just as freedom and science have changed everything.
Canada’s mutual accommodation story began when Samuel de Champlain arrived at Quebec in 1608. He came with a vision for a new nation based on co-operation between the aboriginal inhabitants and the incoming French settlers. Once Canada became a nation through Confederation in 1867, it spent its first 150 years consolidating its northern half of the North American continent into a viable country – again through mutual accommodation between the provinces and the federal government, French and English, Protestant and Catholic, Quebec and the rest of Canada, and settlers and immigrants, though with the glaring omission of the First Nations. Much achieved. More to be done.
The next 100 years will likely be dominated by serious threats to the world’s economic and geopolitical order and stability – a world in which Canada’s rare combination of physical bounty, socio-political understanding, and living in a good neighbourhood, could make a significant contribution. The time has come for Canadians to begin talking about their shared history and how to use it purposefully in the years ahead for the benefit of Canada and the world. As the late Quebec premier Robert Bourassa put it, Canada is for its citizens “one of the world’s rare and privileged countries in terms of peace, justice, liberty and standard of living.”
To date, Canada’s focus has been on its own internal development – on making things work – and on coping with the United States. Its development has taken place largely separated from events outside North America. The focus in the future, however, will be more external and will extend far beyond this continent. Canada is moving from being a largely disconnected part of the world to being deeply interconnected. This change will make it a very different country, and its mutual accommodation strength will increasingly need to be deployed abroad.
Canada has the water, food, space, minerals, resources, and the political, economic, societal, and cultural ways that are in short supply for the rest of the world. These diverse advantages carry both opportunity and risk. If Canada is to seize the opportunities and avoid the risks, it should quickly get on with a national conversation about the shared and separate stories of its different peoples and regions – about how it got where it is, how to envisage its future and how to seize its place in the world.
The goal is to look inward
In some senses, Canada is still an unknown country – unknown to itself as well as to others. It needs to hold national conversations about many important issues. Above all, it needs to talk about whether its mutual-accommodation narrative captures how most Canadians feel about the country.
If it is to succeed, the Canadian Narrative Project must spur Canadians to think about when mutual accommodation has worked in the past and how in the future it may help us both at home and abroad. For example, what if it were used to manage the fallout from all the current anxiety over extremists claiming links to Islam? If we articulate our narrative well and deepen our understanding of its power – and of the costs where it has yet to work – it will continue to help us and others in the future. Values, stories, ideas, dreams, purposes and choices together shape individuals, societies and civilizations. Vision – the sense of what can be and what should be – lures and drives them all.
As the great Canadian critic and thinker Northrop Frye said, identities are always about who you aspire to be, not who you are now. Moving toward some vision of the future for Canada and the world – the two now go hand-in-hand – is really what the project is all about.
Central to all identities – as individuals, organizations, societies or countries – is how our particular culture shapes us to respond to what is put in front of us. We must understand both ourselves and others and the effect we have on each other. In his book, The Duel, historian John Lukacs tells the story of the 80-day struggle between Churchill and Hitler immediately following the fall of France. Although many others contributed to the ultimate defeat of Hitler, Churchill won this particular round because he understood Hitler better than Hitler understood himself.
So it is with mutual accommodation. It works best when each side understands the other side very well. It’s essential to know what the opposing group wants before you can come to a deal that can last, and how best to respond if a deal does not initially prove possible.
The big questions for those who think a national conversation about Canada’s mutual accommodation story is worth pursuing include these points:
- Does the mutually accommodation Canada I have described feel like the Canada you live in?
- If it doesn’t, what does the Canada you live in feel like to you?
- Do you have an alternate shared story – in addition to or instead of mutual accommodation? What is it? What are your reasons?
- Do you agree with the thought that usable history comes from shared stories and separate stories, and how they may strengthen or weaken one another? If not, why not?
It’s time now to get the conversation started.
William A. Macdonald is president of W.A. Macdonald Associates Inc., which consults on government relations and economic policy, and has an extensive record of public service. To bolster his campaign for a conversation about the state and nature of the country, he and associate William R.K. Innes have created The Canadian Narrative Project, with assistance from Trent University. For more about the venture – and to see Mr. Macdonald’s essay, Canada: Still the Unknown Country, please visit www.canadiandifference.caReport Typo/Error
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Intermarine chairman Andre Grikitis cited lack of operational experience last month as one of reasons many shipowners encountered troubles after taking advantage of the KG financing scheme to build vast fleets. Considering the close attention to detail and skill needed to lift awkward and heavy cargoes aboard a ship and transport it to a place that may not even have a pier, Grikitis has a good point, but even before taking delivery of these multi-purpose ships, owners may have been farther behind the power curve than they thought.
Just as project cargoes vary, the ships that carry such cargos vary as well, even though they may look quite similar.
Take this vessel as an example:
Besides the fact it’s missing two large cranes, the above vessel looks quite similar to the Maersk Illinois, however that’s likely the extent of where the important similarities lie. With large, high capacity cranes, the Maersk Illinois was built specifically to pick up and haul heavy cargoes.
Naval architect Jan Rüde, DNV-GL’s subject matter expert on multi-purpose ships notes in a conversation today that project cargoes, unlike bulk cargoes like iron ore or containers, exert unique point loads on a ship’s structure that require precise engineering to ensure the steel frames beneath are sufficiently engineered to handle such loads.
The cargoes that will be loaded on the Maersk Illinois could potentially seriously damage the deck of the blue containership above, or even capsize the vessel. The issue is compounded also by the structural requirements of the deck securing points for these cargoes as well.
The more steel in the structure, the heavier the ship and heavier the cargo, yet the more expensive it is to operate and to build. As every ship needs to have the structural ability to handle the anticipated cargo, this brings up the question, what happens first? The ship, or the cargo?
The answer is somewhere in the middle, as some project cargo ships are extremely specialized such as the Zhen Hua 24 (pictured below), but due to the highly unpredictable nature of the project cargo sector, most prospective owners need to carefully consider what they plan to do with this ship before actually ordering it, as it can be configured in an unlimited number of ways. A close dialogue between the shipyard as well as the class society is recommended.
Looking ahead, DNV-GL says that the current newbuilding trend is toward bigger vessels with cargo flexibility being the key to staying competitive in this sector.
According to data sourced from IHS Fairplay, DNV-GL notes that in 2014, 70 vessels project cargo vessels have so far been ordered totaling 1.4 million tons deadweight. In 2013, 160 vessels (2.6 million dwt) were ordered, the vast majority of which are now being built in China.
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Companions are the "pets" of Swtor and every class not only has access to a companion but they are almost a requirement to play the game. As you could have already guessed companions follow you everywhere and benefit you many different ways, one of those ways by helping you fight in combat. But that's not all. In Swtor companions play a major role throughout the game by being the only way players can participate in the "crew skills" system that Bioware has in place.
For those still uinfamiliar with Swtor, Crew Skills is pretty much the general blanket term for all Tradeskills currently in the game. In Swtor players are able to have their companions craft items for them when they are not around, have their companions gather items for them and even send their companions on missions. All three of these things that your companions are able to do can be done while the player is online or offline, it doesn't even matter!
The way Bioware has the Crew Skills system set up is quite interesting and is one of the most unqiue things I have come across when playing an MMORPG. The concept of being able to send your companions out on missions to gather items for you when you're no where even near them is just plain awesome. Now that you know the general idea behind companions and how they affect your game it is time to go into more detail.
There are many different Crew Skills in the game, as I am sure you already know by now... Crew Skills are the Professions or Tradeskills, whichever word you prefer, of Swtor. Unlike any other game in order to participate in any of the Crew Skills you will need to have a Companion. Players can gather on their own but they are not able to run missions or able to craft without a companion.
That means while you will be able to participate in Archaeology, Bioanalysis, Scavenging and Slicing other crafting Crew Skills such as Armormech, Armstech, Artifice, Biochem, Cybertech and Synthweaving will be off limits unless you have a companion available to you. Also the mission Crew Skills, Diplomacy, Investigation, Treasure Hunting and Underworld Trading will also be off limits unless you have a companion available to you.
For gathering Crew Skills you are able to raise them the old fashion way, such as going around and collecting all the different nodes or you can raise them just like they were Mission Skills, by running different types of missions for skill ups. If you're interested in running Missions on any of the Crew Skills take a look at this guide to learn more.
The final thing worth mentioning about Companions and Crew Skills is each companion for every class will have different and unique bonuses available to them for different Crew Skills. These bonuses can be something simple such as +15 Bioanalysis or Archaeology to something more unqiue and useful such as +2 Critical chance with Underworld Trading. If you're interested in seeing the long list of bonuses available to each companion take a look at this guide here.
Besides being useful in crafting items and gathering materials for you, companions play a major role in the game's combat system. They play such an important role that an entire attribute (Presence) is dedicated to improving how much health and damage amongst other things your companion does. Companions are so important in the game that once you get up to a certain level it will be almost impossible for you to kill anything without one.
In addition to dealing damage for you and helping you fight, certain important PvE abilities require companions to use. These abilities are mainly here to assist you in completing the harder bosses throughout the story and trust me, you will be using them a ton! One of the abilties that you get early on increases your health by 1% a tick (heals you in other words) and also refreshes one of you most important abilities. The abillity it refreshes changes depending on your class but for all classes I can guarantee you that it is an extremely important ability.
There is another ability you get that requires a companion that decreases the damage taken by you and your companion by 50% for 15 seconds. You don't get this ability until much later on but with this ability and the one aforementioned gold star mobs stand almost zero chance against you.
Probably the thing people are most curious about is what companions are available to each class and how many companions can you have. Players are able to have a total of 6 companions, 5 of them being unique and one being the droid that comes with your ship in the beginning of the game. You get these companions slowly throughout the game as you level up and complete the Class Story quests.
Most classes have two companions before leaving their home planet (either Coruscant for Republic or Dromund Kaas for Imperials) and then they get the ship droid at level 16 or whatever level it is they exit the planet. Many of you may already have found out that depending on your level and how many companions you have available determines how many companions you can have out on Crew Missions at a single time.
I've found that at level 20 you can have two companions out, 30 you can have 3, 40 you can have 4 and at level 50 you can have all but a single companion out at once. The number doesn't increase exactly at those levels but they are rough ranges for when the amount of companions you can send out goes up. But anyway without further ado, here is the long giant list of all the companions you can have!
Bounty Hunter Companions
Imperial Agent Companions
Sith Inquisitor Companions
Sith Warrior Companions
Jedi Consular Companions
Jedi Knight Companions
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Having read close to 30 Scandinavian crime novels over the last several months, I can come to only one conclusion: Scandinavia is a bleak, ungodly, extraordinarily violent place to live. The capitals are seething hot pots of murder. In Oslo, a serial killer slips red diamond pentagrams under the eyelids of his victims (Jo Nesbø's The Devil's Star), while in Stockholm a stalker terrorizes young girls in public parks (Maj Sjöwall and Per Wahlöö's The Man on the Balcony). The situation is even worse at the local level. Take, for instance, Ystad, population 17,000, a quaint fishing village on Sweden's southern shore best known for its high-speed ferry terminal. It has suffered, in the novels of Henning Mankell, the following horrors: the torture and execution of an elderly farmer and his wife ( Faceless Killers); the torture and execution of two men who are found floating off the coast in a life boat ( The Dogs of Riga); the impalement of a retired bird-watcher on sharpened bamboo poles ( The Fifth Woman); and the self-immolation of a teenage girl ( Sidetracked). Each of these crimes—and many, many more—is committed by a different killer and all within just three years. In terms of per capita incidence of violent crime, Mankell's Ystad would rank behind Mosul but well ahead of Johannesburg and Mogadishu.
Fortunately, more people are murdered every year in the pages of Scandinavian crime novels than are murdered in Scandinavia itself. The homicide rates in Scandinavian countries are among the lowest on the planet. This year, the Global Peace Index ranked Denmark and Norway the second and third most peaceful countries. Sweden came in 13th. The Nordic countries also consistently rank as the happiest countries in the world. It is not surprising to observe a trend of Chinese novels about Communist oppression or Ugandan novels about child soldiers. But Scandinavian homicide fiction? Why do such peace-loving societies produce internationally best-selling authors like Mankell, Nesbø, Karin Fossum, and Håkan Nesser? How to explain Stieg Larsson, author of The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo, who was the second-best-selling author in the world last year?
There are a few reasons Scandinavian writers have taken to the genre. The crime novel, and particularly the British crime novel, has been enormously popular in Scandinavia for decades. And the famous Nordic pragmatism is well-suited to the intricate mechanics of crime investigation plots. But the best explanation is the most mundane: Crime novels sell. Most of the Scandinavian crime novelists began their careers in other genres. Mankell, for instance, wrote seven well-received but unlucrative novels, and more than a dozen plays, before turning to a life of crime; Karin Fossum was a prize-winning poet; Maj Sjöwall was an editor and translator. Before the current explosion of crime novels, the only contemporary Scandinavian novelist to enjoy major international success was Peter Høeg. Høeg may be a "literary" novelist, but his breakout Smilla's Sense of Snow is about the investigation of a suspected homicide. The lesson is clear: If you want your novel to be read abroad, particularly in the English-speaking world, you'd better include a murder. Even if you've never heard of a murder actually being committed in your country.
A better question: Why have readers taken to these writers? The novels are not formally innovative: With a few exceptions, these are straightforward whodunits, hewing closely to conventional models from the English tradition. Nor does their appeal depend on a "relentlessly bleak view of the world," as a writer for the London Times has put it. Bleak worldviews are not particularly hard to come by in crime novels, no matter what country they come from.
What distinguishes these books is not some element of Nordic grimness but their evocation of an almost sublime tranquility. When a crime occurs, it is shocking exactly because it disrupts a world that, at least to an American reader, seems utopian in its peacefulness, happiness, and orderliness. There is a good reason why Mankell's corpses tend to turn up in serene, bucolic settings—on a country farm, on a bobbing raft, in a secluded meadow, or in the middle of a snow-covered field: A dark bloodstain in a field of pure, white snow is far creepier than a body ditched in a trash-littered alley.
Stieg Larsson, like many of the other successful Scandinavian crime novelists, began in the straight world, editing an anti-racism magazine and several science fiction fanzines and writing political journalism. In 2004, shortly before dying of a heart attack, Larsson completed the first three novels of a planned decology. The second volume, The Girl Who Played With Fire, will be out in the States this July and will likely confirm Larsson's position as the most successful crime novelist in the world. His novels mark the apotheosis of the genre—they are not only the best-selling, but they are also the most frenzied and exhaustive examples of the form.
To an even greater extent than Mankell, Larsson is adept at heightening the contrast between his setting, contemporary Stockholm, and the tawdriness of the crimes that drive his plots. Larsson's Stockholm manages to be both cosmopolitan and charmingly quaint. It's not unlike the Ikea approach—modish design with a side of Swedish meatballs. (Larsson, in fact, sets an entire scene at the store; when a character moves into a new apartment, she goes on a shopping spree, buying 12 items, including an "Ivar combination storage unit," a "Pax Nexus three-door wardrobe," and a "Lillehammer bed.")
Larsson worked hard to keep his references up to date. His characters use iPods, iBooks, and BlueTooth technology; they track criminal suspects on Google; and the plots of both novels rely on the efficient machinations of a mysterious international network of nerd computer hackers. Yet Larsson's main character, Mikael Blomkvist, is a hard-charging investigative journalist at that vestige from the print age, a weekly newsmagazine. His heroine, 24-year-old cyberpunk Lisbeth Salander, is horny, bisexual, and covered with tattoos and piercings but is also passionate about chess, mathematics, and women's lib.
Larsson's sentences are dead on arrival. (When Blomkvist enters the apartment of a young couple and discovers that they've been murdered, he feels "an icy shiver run down his neck. … She had been shot in the face. … The flow of blood was if possible even greater than that from her partner.") But the crimes themselves are surprising. The murder victims are young leftist do-gooders: a journalist and a doctoral student, who have teamed up to investigate an underground sex trafficking ring in Sweden. Gradually, as if pulling a scab off a wound, Larsson exposes a scummy underworld of corrupt cops, meat-fisted thugs, sleazy government operatives, and sadistic child rapists. When these goons intrude upon the world of glossy magazines and Ikea, the result is pleasantly discordant.
Much of the attraction of the Mankells and Fossums is that even when their novels are based in cities, they rarely lose the quaint, small-town feel and the reassuringly mechanical, ticktocking plots. Larsson may have provided a new direction for Scandinavian fiction. In his novels, he moved decisively away from classic whodunit, man-in-a-locked-room crime plots, favoring, instead, capacious, messy romps that buzz with the tech-savvy cosmopolitanism of the moment. Then again, maybe the genre will keep putting along as always, with catatonic detectives tramping across frozen tundra. As long as there's a dead Nord, it's hard to go wrong.
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Article source: MESSNER Architects
The project starts in 2012 when MESSNER Architects and sculptor Franz Messner were commissioned by the Fondazione Dolomiti-Dolomiten-Dolomites-Dolomitis to create architectonic, landscaping and graphic standards for look-outs/info-structures in hot spot areas of the World Hertitages Site Dolomiti UNESCO in order to enhance the value and popularity of the territory.
- Architects: MESSNER Architects
- Project: MONTE SPECIE 2305m.a.s.l.-LOOKOUT
- Location: Dobbiaco, Italy
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At the Ping An Smart Architecture Forum, KPF President and Design Principal James von Klemperer offered an inside look at the firm’s use of advanced data and new technologies when designing increasingly dense urban areas.
von Klemperer emphasized that adaptation is an imperative for cities of the future, using the paradigms of biology, ecology, and evolution to show that city plans can be read as organic constructs, with valuable insights to be gained from the patterns and interactions of residents.
Pointing to data mapping from KPF Urban Interface, he stated, “As city designers, we are now thinking about how our cities can learn from the behaviors of urban populations, so we can embed intelligence into the plan of the city that might have a more sophisticated use and interpretation.” Through KPFui, the firm addresses these challenges using urban data collection, scenario analysis and 3D visualization to more quickly understand and better design for contemporary cities.
By measuring from one city to influence how the next plan will be developed, KPF applies learnings and pushes for more innovative and organic human-centric design. von Klemperer closed his presentation with a commitment to adaptation and a vision of the ideal smart city, stating, “In a way, an urban project is a self-learning device. It is a piece of manmade artificial intelligence that feeds back and allows us to learn and take the next step.”
Ping An, China’s second largest insurance company, hosted the forum and has commissioned multiple projects with KPF – most notably the Ping An Finance Center. One of the five tallest buildings in the world, this mixed-use supertall building represents the physical and iconic center of Shenzhen’s growing central business district, with over 100 floors of office space and connections to neighboring commercial and residential properties, as well as public transportation.
For more information on KPF’s research and methodology, visit KPFui.
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By Jennifer Hiller
HOUSTON (Reuters) – As a weekend standoff over oil shipments emerged between Texas pipeline operators and shale producers, a state energy regulator has renewed his controversial call for mandated cuts to address a growing crude glut.
Oil prices have fallen more than 60% this year as the coronavirus pandemic has destroyed fuel demand and Saudi Arabia and Russia kicked off a price war in a battle for market share. Oil in Midland, Texas, home of the biggest U.S. shale field, traded on Monday for under $10 a barrel, far below the cost of production.
“Large-scale production interruptions appear inevitable and imminent,” executives from Pioneer Natural Resources (N:) and Parsley Energy (N:) wrote in a joint letter to the state’s energy regulatory commission on Monday. In the latest sign of a growing oil glut in the state, purchasers across Texas have warned producers that storage will be limited in May and output must be cut, they said.
In at least one case, a shale pipeline operator told customers it planned to renegotiate its contracts.
Texas Railroad Commission, the state’s energy regulator, is set to meet on April 21, but Parsley and Pioneer have asked it to meet sooner and curtail production as early as May.
“I want to do it as soon as possible,” said Ryan Sitton, the commissioner who first floated the idea of cuts two weeks ago.
“We think it’s important to save this industry,” said Pioneer Chief Executive Scott Sheffield, adding that he would suggest a uniform 20% production cut but leave out the state’s smallest producers.
One of the state’s top producers and the three largest oil and gas producer groups in Texas have opposed mandated production cuts.
“Putting any kind of export quotas on Texas producers could penalize the most efficient producers,” Chevron Corp (N:) Chief Executive Michael Wirth said in an interview last week. “We don’t expect unique assistance from governments.”
Chevron is the second largest U.S. oil company and a top U.S. shale producer.
“I’m not advocating we do anything on our own,” Sitton told Reuters, saying he would expect any state-mandated cuts to hinge on Saudi Arabia and Russia agreeing to cut their output. “If it is the right thing to keep some stability in the world, we can do it.”
His comments prompted a call from OPEC Secretary General Mohammad Barkindo and an invitation to the group’s next meeting in June. Sitton said he plans to attend.
But mandated output cuts would lead to less cash for already hurting producers, said Karr Ingham, executive vice president of the Texas Alliance of Energy Producers, which represents more than 3,300 small and midsize oil and gas companies and opposes such reductions.
“You’re worse off than you were before,” Ingham said.
The state has not imposed production limits since 1972, but has the authority to do so, said Sitton.
“For 90 years someone has been setting the price of oil in the world,” he said, referring to Texas in the 1930s and later to the role of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. “I don’t see why we can’t at least be part of the discussion right now.”
PRODUCTION BUDGETS SQUEEZED
Top shale producers have pledged to reduce their 2020 oil budgets by 30% to 50% and slashed jobs as prices fell well below production costs. Widespread cuts could lower U.S. output by up to 1 million barrels per day by December.
U.S. President Donald Trump said he would get involved in the oil price war at the appropriate time and last week named an envoy to Saudi Arabia to press U.S. concerns.
Oil gatherers who buy shale from producers are cancelling contracts with producers and insisting on new terms, according to letters reviewed by Reuters. One buyer said its own contract with a refiner had been canceled and would be renegotiated May 1.
“This is a uniquely catastrophic time for the industry,” said Parsley CEO Matt Gallagher, adding that mandated cuts could keep the shale industry from collapse.
The state’s two other regulators have not publicly endorsed cuts. Commissioner Wayne Christian said he is willing to discuss the topic and Commissioner Christi Craddick has declined to comment.
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Recently, a Bill for an Act to establish the National Inspector-General for Tax Crimes Commission (the Bill) has scaled the second reading at the Federal House of Representatives. The Bill, which was sponsored by Senator Orji Uzor Kalu, seeks to address revenue leakages emanating from non-payment and underpayment of taxes; irregularities in the assessment, reporting, and remittances of taxes; to prevent and combat tax-related crimes; to plug all leakages in the tax administration system; and to ensure the protection of taxpayer’s rights.
Provisions in the Bill:
The Bill comprises VII Parts, 35 Sections, and 1 Schedule. Part I of the Bill establishes the Commission alongside its Governing Board and provides for the tenure of office, cessation of office, and allowances of members of the Governing Board. The Governing Board would consist of a duly qualified chairman, 2 representatives not below the rank of director from the Ministry of Finance, Budget, and National Planning, and one representative each from 5 other select Ministries including the FIRS. Members of the Governing Board would be appointed by the President subject to the confirmation of the Senate, while the Vice Chairman and Secretary would be appointed by members from their midst. Membership is for a 4-year period only and may be terminated before effluxion of the 4 years by reason of disqualification, insanity, etc.
Part II of the Bill enumerates the powers and functions of the Commission, which include, among others, complementing the Federal Inland Revenue Service (the FIRS) in ensuring compliance with payment of tax, implementing policies for tracking down tax defaulters, developing tax compliance strategies, and educating the citizenry on tax matters.
Part III of the Bill creates a structure for the Commission such that the Commission is divided into 4 departments (Investigation and Monitoring, Research, Administration, and Operations) each department to be headed by a Deputy Inspector General of Tax.
Part IV of the Bill provides for membership and zonal operations of the Commission. The Commission shall consist of voluntary and regular members to be recruited by the Governing Board upon meeting the requirements of the Commission. The Governing Board shall be divided into zones, each zone headed by an Assistant Inspector General of Tax. Every state of the federation including the FCT shall have a State Inspector of Tax responsible for carrying out the functions of the Commission subject to the direction of the Assistant Inspector General of Tax.
Part V of the Bill makes provision for Staff of the Commission including the Inspector General of Tax (IGT) who shall be appointed by the President subject to the conformation of the Senate and who shall be the Chief Executive and Accounting Officer of the Commission. The IDP Tax shall hold office for 5 years and may be reappointed for another 5 years. Powers of the IGT include daily administration of the Commission, keeping the books and records of proceedings of the Governing Board, etc.
Part VI of the Bill provides for the establishment and maintenance of a Fund into which budgetary allocations from the Federal Government, monies lent or granted to the commission by the Government, grants made to the Commission by local 0r international organizations, donations/gifts/loans to the Commission, etc. may be paid into. The Fund shall be managed in accordance with the rules made by the IGT. Proceeds from the Funds shall be applied to the running and administration of the commission.
Part VII is the miscellaneous provision containing sections on penalties for staff of the Commission, pre-action notice, Limitation of suits against the Commission, Service of documents, etc.
The Commission shares similar functions with the FIRS and its establishment would only result in a duplication of functions and needless rivalry between the Commission and the FIRS to the detriment of taxpayers. A simple amendment of extant tax laws to fill existing gaps would solve the problem that this Bill seeks to resolve without the need to establish an entire Commission and all the additional costs that come with it.
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K-12 Sex Education
All students have a right to age-appropriate information about their bodies, about healthy and unhealthy relationships, about reproduction, and about how to keep themselves safe.
Partners in Sex Education provides sex education for 4th-12th grade. Walk the Talk and Transitions for Middle School are 5-session programs that combine skill-building activities with medically accurate information about sexual health to promote effective communication and responsible decision making in relationships. They are excellent enhancements to a health education curriculum.
Partners in Sex Education provides...
By introducing relationships and sexuality in the classroom and by offering homework these conversations can be continued at home. Parents and caregivers can choose this as an opportunity to jumpstart discussions of their family’s values about sexuality and relationships.
Transitions for Middle School:
- Parent and Staff Meeting: Learning with Our Youth
- Lesson One: Boundaries/Consent in Healthy Relationships
- Lesson Two: Sex, Gender, Orientation
- Lesson Three: Anatomy and Physiology
- Lesson Four: Puberty (6th/7th grade) or Abstinence and Protection Methods (7th/8th grade)
- Lesson Five: Media and Messages
Walk the Talk for High School:
- Lesson One: Consent as a Foundation for Healthy Relationships and Communication
- Lesson Two: Sexually Transmitted Diseases
- Lesson Three: Living with HIV/AIDS
- Lesson Four: Protection Methods
- Lesson Five: Relationships and Communication
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Expectations can cause you to think incorrectly and believe the wrong things. In a recent post in Genuine Life with Jodie Stevens, Jodie writes about the lessons she has learned about harboring incorrect expectations that keep us from understanding the value of forgiveness for your own benefit; to pursue happiness in a world where people are imperfect and disappoint. This is an important lesson for parents who may be harboring inappropriate expectations of their children; who they will become, what careers they pursue, etc. and the disappointment translates as a disconnect with your children.
For kids, this is true when it comes to accessing people and information in their cyber-powered communities and searching the internet. Knowing something, and knowing what to do with the tools and information are two different things. If children believe that all they need to know they can simply google, their world view does not include the role of Wisdom (James 1:5) that makes it possible to reap the benefits of technology and be cyber safe.
And so parents have certain authority to govern the home with boundaries that reinforce how important our children’s lives are, and grant children instructive experiences to learn cyber-safe use of devices and apps.
“I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do, and I understand.” Chinese Proverb
Rites of passage typically provide some definitive criteria for conferring roles, responsibilities, rights and privileges and social standing to individuals as they mature in society.
Cyber rites of passage give parents a way of helping children to appreciate delayed gratification for access and independent use of cyber tools.
Tips for parents:
Establish cyber rites of passage, which establish User Levels, that indicate age range and responsibilities associated with learning independent access to the internet and mobile devices. Two critical examples are the Ranger Level (ages 6-10), and the Junior Explorer Level, (ages 11-16):
- Ranger level – ages 6 -10 years: No privacy. Devices are issued much like checking out a library book. They must be returned within allotted timeframes for use. Social media: not recommended.
- Jr. Explorer Level – ages 11-15 years: No privacy. Demonstrated understanding of the importance of setting and maintaining boundaries regarding personal data. Parent or guardian conducts random checks on the applications being used. Supervised use of social media is okay. YourSphere.com is recommended for social media training.
For more information see A Google World in the Garden of Eden: Five Family Safe Strategies for Texting and Social Media.
Joanna Jullien is an author, educator and speaker on strengthening the parent-child relationship in a cyber powered world. She a mother of two grown sons, the author of The Authority In Me: The Power of Family Life in the Network Culture, produces The Sacramento Cyber Safety Examiner column on Examiner.com, and is the CyberParenting advisor on The Fish 103.9FM. Her new book, A Google World in the Garden of Eden: Five Family-Safe Strategies for Texting and Social Media is now available for PC and all eReader formats including Kindle, Nook, iPad.
- Cyber safety for kids and families on TheFish103.9FM (videos)
- Follow Joanna @CyberParenting
- Like Banana Moments
- Sacramento Cyber Safety Examiner
- Sign up to receive Banana Moments quarterly and monthly updates
- Email: firstname.lastname@example.org
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I’ve been seeing a lot about Trevor Eissler around the blogosphere lately, and that makes me glad – not mad. But Trevor Eissler’s Montessori madness does need to be spread.
I already posted an inspiring Trevor Eissler video in my article “Why I Used Montessori Principles in My Parenting Philosophy.” I’d love to see Eissler get as much publicity as possible to help spread his message.
If you haven’t heard, Trevor Eissler is a Montessori parent who wrote the book Montessori Madness! A Parent to Parent Argument for Montessori Education. It’s rare for a Montessori book to be written by a parent rather than an educator, and I think that makes the book all the more powerful in its message about the importance of Montessori education.
Eissler is a powerful advocate not only for his children but for all children – who he believes should be given the opportunity to have a Montessori education.
Here’s an excerpt from Montessori Madness! telling why Eissler believes in the Montessori method:
Four reasons won me over to the Montessori method of education. First, I was astonished by the intellectual and social maturity of the students I watched in observation sessions. They were more advanced at their ages than any group of students I had ever seen before. They radiated the very qualities I hoped my children would have one day.
Second, my support rests on faith. It is not a religious faith. Rather, it is an acceptance and a confidence that my children are growing and progressing according to their genetics and the quality of their environment; they will hit the various milestones when they are ready. My wife and I began our journey toward Montessori schooling with our first son’s birth and our compulsive concern with milestones and charts and weights, trying to force him to grow and develop more quickly. Since learning about Maria Montessori’s philosophy, enrolling our children in the school, and observing their development, we’ve learned to back off, give them some room to develop, and concentrate on providing an environment that helps them choose their own developmental path. We’ve been delighted with their progress, and we don’t have a single test score to prove it.
Third, I remember my own schooling. Looking back, I can’t help but wish it had been different—more like, well, home. I am convinced home was where I learned much more than in the classroom, and certainly with more joy. . . . My home life felt different from my life at school: deeper, more real, more loving. Montessori feels like home.
Fourth, through the study of Montessori’s philosophy, and with the daily feedback I receive from observing and interacting with my own three children, I am convinced that her method is more effective than traditional school methods.
In Montessori Madness, Eissler uses lots of personal anecdotes and examples from his observations in a Montessori classroom to explain Montessori principles and tell how they’re used in Montessori education. It’s a fascinating read and one I highly recommend for any parent interested in or wondering about Montessori.
You’ll find the book helpful whether you’re considering a private or public Montessori school, considering Montessori homeschool, or just thinking about using Montessori principles at home.
If you haven’t seen it yet, here’s the video you can find many places around the Internet right now:
Trevor Eissler “Montessori Madness!” – 321 FastDraw
Here’s another short video of Trevor Eissler with his speaking interspersed by clips of Montessori children at work. You can gain a lot from these two minutes!
Here’s to spreading the madness!
UPDATE: Trevor Eissler now writes Montessori-inspired children’s books as well!
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Wilhelm deserves the reader’s pity. Not only is his name easily confused with the village of Wahlheim – a central location in Werther’s tale – but his sole role is to play the long-suffering audience to Werther’s letters of ecstasies, angst, and other sorrows. Wilhelm listens attentively, offers his best advice to his friend, and ends his part in the story with a sense of utter helplessness and futility. At least the audience is not alone.
Perhaps I was biased by having already known the plot of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe‘s most famous novella, The Sorrows of Young Werther. Even its German Romanticism, however, cannot save this book from 1 out of 5 stars. The story centers around the title character, Werther, who is a head-in-the-clouds, rather obstinately unemployed young man, with the added misfortune of having fallen in love with a woman already engaged. This would be Charlotte, whose fiance Albert even Werther cannot dislike, but simply envy. Werther’s friendship with Charlotte turns from joy into devoted love and, finally, his unconquerable sorrows. He must choose an unthinkable choice: to either leave her for good, or to stay and hide his true feelings from the world.
Of course, when one is a Romantic, one does not simply hide one’s feelings from anyone.
I have read better books on “unrequited love” – the obvious alternative is Eugene Onegin, though most any book by Charlotte Bronte would do as well. My own experiences, though under different circumstances, have not been very different from Werther’s. All in all, and not even speaking here of his ultimate decision, I have little or no sympathy for Werther’s self-absorbed behavior, bringing grief not only to himself but to the people around him, even the woman he purportedly loves. He acknowledges himself that he hurt her happiness – yet he fails to see that if you actually love someone, you would sooner sacrifice your own feelings rather than hurt that person! Love, in Werther’s mindset, must be recognized and reciprocated in order to have meaning. This belief actually makes it impossible for him to truly love Charlotte.
That said, Charlotte is no angel herself. This is what Werther would like us to see – a sweet, perfectly domestic girl who heroically takes care of her younger siblings (also angels) after their mother’s death; a virtuous maiden who shuns temptation and remains dutiful to her fiance. The trouble is, and as the story shows, this is not the real Charlotte. What Werther took to be her innocent familiarity, I found to be a subtle sort of encouragement on her part. She wants to have her cake and eat it, too: to marry the sense, security, and loyalty of Albert and to retain her kindred spirit Werther’s friendship and devotion as well. Until the very last minute and the verge of impropriety, she does nothing to try to minimize Werther’s emotional attachment to her. She allows him to visit her as often as he wants and even gives him one of her ribbons over which he inevitably obsesses. At one point, she considers trying to marry him off to one of her friends in order to keep him nearby.
Charlotte and Werther deserve each other, in my opinion.
I can see no reason to recommend The Sorrows of Young Werther. The protagonist doesn’t even have Rochester’s charm or Onegin’s cynicism going for him. It is a light, epistolary book, so if you have absolutely nothing else to read, it might be better than nothing.
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The presence of antisperm antibodies (ASA) in the ejaculate is an immune cause of male infertility.
There exist some treatment options to become a father in spite of having ASA in the semen. Some of them include the use of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART).
Provided below is an index with the 8 points we are going to expand on in this article.
What are antisperm antibodies?
An antibody, also known as immunoglobulin, is a substance produced by the immune system that identifies and attacks strange substances.
There are five types of immunoglobulins depending on the characteristics of each. Particularly, antisperm antibodies belong to types IgA and IgG.
ASA adhere to spermatozoa because they are powerful antigens. Thus, the body of the male identifies them as invaders.
In normal conditions, sperms can be found within the testes, protected from the rest of the body thanks to the so-called blood-testis barrier, where access to antibodies is not possible.
If the blood-testis barrier broke down, ASA would reach the testicles and adhere to spermatozoa right after detecting antigens IgA and IgG on their surface.
Moreover, in some cases it is the female's body which detects spermatozoa as invaders. In this case, antisperm antibodies show up after intercourse.
Simply put, the risk factors for the appearance of ASA vary depending on whether they are present in the body of the male or the female.
These are the situations that may cause damage to the blood-testis barrier:
Although only a minority of women produce antisperm antibodies, two main risk factors can be found:
- Gynecological infections
- Female genital tract inflammation
ASA hinder progressive motility of spermatozoa, and interfere in their journey towards the egg cell.
This type of immune infertility can be detected using different techniques that detect the presence of ASA in biological fluids.
More specifically, the presence of ASA can be determined by examining the sperm (direct tests). Also, they can be determined by examining the seminal plasma or the cervical mucus in the woman (indirect tests).
The following are the most common direct tests, which are used to confirm that ASA are adhered to spermatozoa, and therefore the ones used:
It mixes the semen with small latex particles previously treated with specific antibodies that detect the IgA antisperm antibodies. When these particles interact with ASA, sperm agglutination can be observed under the microscope.
Reference values according to the World Health Organization (WHO) to interpret the results of SpermMar tests are:
- <10% of sperm adhered: negative result.
- 10-50% of sperm adhered: questionable diagnosis.
- >50% of sperm adhered: positive result for ASA.
The SpermMar test IgG kit is a simple test that is performed at Andrology labs on a regular basis.
This is a specific test used to detect two different types of antisperm antibodies: IgG and IgA.
It uses microscopic polyacrylamide spheres covered with ASA specific antiglobulins. This is a more comprehensive screening test than the SpermMar test IgG kit, since it provides information on the particular location of the ASA in sperm (head or tail). However, it is more technically challenging and requires more time.
The result is positive when the value is above 20 percent.
Considering seeing a fertility specialist? Don't forget that, in the field of Reproductive Medicine, as in any other medical area, it is crucial that patients rely on the doctors and staff that will help them through their treatment cycle. Logically, conditions vary from clinic to clinic. For this reason, we recommend that you generate your Fertility Report now. It will offer you a list of clinics that have passed our rigorous selection process successfully. Furthermore, the system will make a comparison between the fees and conditions of each clinic so that you can make a better-informed decision.
Treatment & fertility
When a semen analysis, along with other additional tests, indicate that there exists immune infertility due to the presence of antisperm antibodies, treating it is required to achieve a successful pregnancy.
In principie, removing ASA permanently is not possible, but there exist various treatment options that may help.
What follows are the two main treatment options available for these men to be able to conceive, all of them based on the use of reproductive technologies:
Immunosuppressive therapy using corticosteroids
High doses of corticosteroids can help diminish the amount of antisperm antibodies, and restore male fertility temporarily, thereby increasing the chances of pregnancy during a particular time frame.
Corticosteroids are a type of hormones produced in the suprarenal glands, and have an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effect.
Nevertheless, their effectiveness has not been proven in all patients. Additionally, high doses of corticosteroids can have several side effects, including cardiovascular risks.
Sperm washing & IUI
In case a man has to turn to assisted conception to have a baby, a sperm washing before Artificial Insemination (AI) or In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) helps to diminish the number of ASA in the sperm sample.
A sperm washing, however, has two main drawbacks: 1) it is not 100% effective due to high affinity between ASA and sperm antigens; and 2) it affects sperm motility.
As for AI, these patients may be referred to any of the following types, based on the location of the ASA:
- Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)
- Antisperm antibodies are present in the cervical mucus. So, given that IUI places the sperm directly into the uterus, it helps to overcome the cervical barrier.
- Intratubal Insemination (ITI)
- Used when antisperm antibodies are located in the semen due to damage to the blood-testis barrier. For this reason, it is necessary to place the sperms closer to the egg in order for it to be able to hit it. This type of AI is falling into disuse nowadays, though.
Artificial insemination is an effective technique to achieve pregnancy. Unfortunately, when antisperm antibodies are found in the head of sperm, fertilization is unlikely. Conversely, this would not happen if ASA are located in the tail.
Although turning to IVF is another option, the pregnancy rates do not increase, since identifying the sperms that are free of ASA and able fertilize the egg is not possible.
FAQs from users
Can vasectomy reversal induce the production of antisperm antibodies?
In fact, this is a common cause leading to the appearance of antisperm antibodies (ASA) in the semen. Whilst the vasa deferentia were sealed after a vasectomy, pressure caused by sperm can cause the blood-testis barrier to break down. As a result, sperms are exposed to the immune system, leading to the production of ASA:
What kills sperm in the female body?
Women can also produce antisperm antibodies that kill sperm right after having unprotected sexual intercourse. The cause are infections of the reproductive tract. It should be noted that, in order to diagnose this type of immune infertility, a series of diagnostic tests to evaluate the cervical mucus are required.
If the result of a SpermMar test is above 50%, does it mean I have antisperm antibodies?
This result indicates that half the sperm present in the ejaculate are agglutinated, that is, adhered to the latex particles. In other words, the answer is yes: there are antisperm antibodies.
Suggested for you
Throughout this post, we have made several references to Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) being the most adequate technique for patients with ASA. To learn more, we recommend that you click here: What Is Artificial Insemination (AI)? – Process, Cost & Types.
There exist two types of immune infertility aside from antisperm antibodies. To learn more about this, read: What Is Immune Infertility? – Treatment & Pregnancy Options.
We make a great effort to provide you with the highest quality information.
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Bronson RA, Cooper GW, Rosenfeld DL: Sperm antibodies: their role in infertility. Fertil Steril 42:171, 1984.
Bronson RA, Cooper GW; Rosenfeld DL: Sperm-specific isoantibodies and autoantibodies inhibit the binding of human sperm to the human zona pellucida. Fertil Steril 38: 724, 19.
Haas GG: Immunologic infertility. Obstet Gynecol North Am 14:1069, 19
Jones WR: Immunological aspects of infertility. In Immunology of Human Reproduction, Edited by JS Scott, WR Jones. London, Academic Press, 1976, p. 3.
Kremer J, Jager S, Kuiken J: Treatment of infertility caused by antisperm antibodies. Int J Fertil 23:270, 19.
Kvist U, Björndahl L. (2002) 6. Antisperm antibodies, In: ESHRE Monographs: Manual on Basic Semen Analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Mazumdar S, Levine AS. Antisperm antibodies: etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Fertil Steril 1998; 70: 799–810.
Price RJ, Boettcher B: The presence of complement in human cervical mucus and its possible relevance to infertility in women with complement-dependent sperm-immobilizing antibodies. Fertil Steril 32:61, 19.
Tsukui S, Noda Y, Yano J, Fukuda A, Mori T: Inhibition of sperm penetration through human zona pellucida by antisperm antibodies. Fertil Steril 46:92, 19.
Yovich JL, Stanger JD, Kay D, Boettcher B: In vitro fertilization of oocytes from women with serum antisperm antibodies. Lancet 1:369, 19.
FAQs from users: 'Can vasectomy reversal induce the production of antisperm antibodies?', 'What kills sperm in the female body?' and 'If the result of a SpermMar test is above 50%, does it mean I have antisperm antibodies?'.
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Q&A: Ike Eke on Mental Health
October 10th is World Mental Health Day. I reached out to my friend Ike Eke and he was willing to open up about his experiences on Mental Health. Eke and I went to high school together and now we are both seniors at Marquette University. Eke has been a big part of this basketball team for 4 years now. He tells us about his ups and downs throughout his career and how handles what life throws at him. I have always admired Eke's disposition and his positive attitude.
What mental health struggles have you faced in your life?
I have faced a lot of mental health issues the past few years, and I'm still battling with it today. Most of my struggles started when I first broke my back playing basketball and ever since then I have had two spine surgeries. Not being able to do the things you love can affect the way you view the world and can also have a tremendous impact on your life, both physically, emotionally, and mentally. I know I'm not the only one that is experiencing this kind of struggle, but my advice to you is that never stop fighting and always seek professional advice.
What steps have you taken to overcome these?
Some of the steps I have taken to overcome this struggle are by praying, talking to my family back home in Nigeria, and most importantly, staying positive.
What did quarantine teach you about yourself? And your mental health?
One thing that quarantine taught me is to appreciate every moment I have with anyone. For example my family, friends, or even someone that I just met today because no one knows what's going to happen tomorrow.
Do you practice any daily exercises (physical or mental) that you find beneficial for your mental health?
Yes, every Friday, I often go to a quiet place to meditate for about 30-45 minutes, and that has helped me overcome some of the struggles I face.
Mental illness and mental health are very important topics for young men, if you could go back and talk to your high school self, what is some advice you’d give to high school Eke?
If I could go back and talk to my high school self, I would tell myself to stop worrying too much about everything and enjoy every moment.
Do you have any friends/coaches/ teammates at school that you can count on when you need someone to talk to? How important is that?
Surroundings yourself with good people is very significant in life. This is one thing I really like about the coaching staff at Marquette whether you are on the basketball court or off the court, they will always hold you accountable for your action. They do a good job of building a good environment for the players to the point that the players could talk to them about some of the things they are experiencing. Most importantly my family in Michigan, my older sister, Nneka, my coaches, and my formal teammate Markus Howard. This's important because they are always there for you whenever you need them. They care about your well-being and they will always hold you accountable.
Do you have a simple motto or mantra that you like to live by? What influenced that?
“Everything happened for a reason” This is because of the things that I have gone through in life. Whenever something unexpected happened in my, I often say this phrase because it helps me to deal with the stress, or whatever I'm facing.
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Microstructural characterization of thermal barrier coating on Inconel 617 after high temperature oxidation
Keywords:Oxidation, Atmospheric plasma spray, NiCrAlY, TGO and YSZ.
AbstractA turbine blade was protected against high temperature corrosion and oxidation by thermal barrier coatings (TBCs)using atmospheric plasma spraying technique (APS) on a Ni-based superalloy (Inconel 617). The coatings (NiCr6AlY/ YSZ and NiCr10AlY/YSZ) consist of laminar structure with substantial interconnected porosity transferred oxygen from Yittria stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) layer toward the bond coat (NiCrAlY). Hence, a thermally grown oxide layer (TGO) was formed on the metallic bond coat and internal oxidation of the bond coat occurred during oxidation. The TBC systems were oxidized in a normal electrically heated furnace at 1150 °C for 18, 22, 26, 32 and 40h.Microstructural characterization of coatings demonstrated that the growth of the TGO layer on the nickel alloy with 6wt. % Al is more rapid than TGO with 10wt. % Al. In addition, many micro-cracks were observed at the interface of NiCr6AlY/YSZ. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) showed the existence of detrimental oxides such as NiCr2O4, NiCrO3 and NiCrO4 in the bond coat containing 6wt. % Al, accompanied by rapid volume expansion causing the destruction of TBC. In contrast, in the bond coat with 10wt. % Al, NiO, Al2O3and Cr2O3 oxides were formed while very low volume expansion occurred. The oxygen could not penetrate into the TGO layer of bond coat with 10 wt. % Al during high temperature oxidation and the detrimental oxides were not extensively formed within the bond coat as more oxygen was needed. The YSZ with higher Al content showed higher oxidation resistance.
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Except where otherwise noted, the content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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A teenage girl was shot dead by her brother because of resisting against her forced marriage.
The victim has been identified as Narges Ali Shojaei, 17, from one of the villages of Behbahan (a town in southwestern Iran).
Narges had initially committed suicide in the wake of her family’s pressure to force her into marriage with her cousin.
Only hours after being rescued from suicide, she was shot three times by her brother.
Narges’s funeral was held on July 4, 2017 at her residence.
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19 November 2012
The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time
Christopher is very gifted, but has Asperger’s syndrome. The novel begins with Christopher finding his neighbor’s dog dead in the front yard. He picks the dog up because he feels bad that it has died, but his neighbor, Mrs. Shear, comes out and believes that he just killed her dog. She immediately calls the police. When the police get to the scene they question Christopher, but they struggle understanding him because they do not realize he has Asperger’s. As the novel progresses Christopher comes to find out that his father killed the dog because he had been having an affair with Mrs. Shear and had gotten mad with her. During all of this Christopher is trying to write a murder mystery novel. His father finds out and hides the notebook in his closet. This makes Christopher really mad and he goes and is able to find the notebook in his father’s closet. When he finds it Christopher also finds out that his mother is not dead. His father had made Christopher believe his mother was not alive, but she had actually been writing him letters. This makes Christopher really angry and he goes and finds his mother. As the novel comes to an end he is very happy to be with his mother. He is doing well in physics and hopes to become a scientist. He eventually allows his father back into his life. His father tries to be helpful and nice by giving Christopher a golden retriever puppy to apologize. Christopher is so happy with how things are going he feels he can do anything now that he solved a mystery.
Christopher’s disability affects communication with others when he is not able to socially relate. He cannot take too much at one time. For example, when the cop begins to question him it becomes too much for Christopher so he hits the cop. He just does not know how to handle the situation. He is able to deal with his communication breakdown by taking pride in the things he...
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What do you do when there is no way to repair an onsite system because of restricted space or other severe limitations? Many Boards of Health have recently inquired about alternative toilets that have no discharge. As you recall, in the past we devoted an entire issue to composting toilets. But these toilets, which must be designed to store compost for at least 2 years (310 CMR 15.289(3)(a)) are often larger than can be accommodated in tight situations. In this issue, we feature incinerating toilets (which gives new meaning to the expression “hot stuff”). Incinerating toilets should be considered in situations where all other standard options have been exhausted, and in which there is very limited area available for a leaching facility. Examples of such situations are barrier beaches, tiny lots near the shore, dune shacks, and living units on piers or docks. Approximately 600 electric and a fewer number of gas incinerating toilets have been installed in New England. But, before we get started, let’s start with the basics.
What is an Incinerating Toilet?
Incinerating toilets are self contained waterless systems that do not require being hooked-up to a sewer system or inground septic system (except to dispose of graywater). They rely on electric power or natural or propane gas to incinerate human waste to sterile clean ash. When properly installed these systems are simple to use, safe, clean and relatively easy to maintain. Figure 1 shows a typical configuration of an electric toilet, and Figure 2 shows a schemata of a typical gas toilet installation.
These waterless systems look much like a standard household toilet. Between the gas and electric incinerating toilets there are some mechanical and operational differences, but the overall treatment processes work the same. Both systems accept human waste, both solid and liquid, into a burn chamber. The burn chamber reaches temperatures of 970-1400 oF and reduces human waste into clean sterile ash.
The Electric Toilet
The electric toilet is relatively easy to install. Because the system doesn’t require water there is no need for a plumbing connection. Setup involves placing the unit in the desired location, connecting a 3-inch diameter exhaust vent between the rear of the unit and the building’s exterior, and plugging the unit into an electrical outlet (120 volts).
The electric toilet requires that a bowl liner be placed into the stainless steel toilet bowl before each use. The liner protects the bowl from human waste and the need for excessive, unpleasant cleaning. Waste is collected into the liner which drops through the hinged bowl into a lower holding/burn area when the foot pedal on the unit is depressed. The lower holding/burn area can accept a maximum of 2-4 “flushes” before incineration is necessary.
After a “flush”, pressing the start button will begin the incineration cycle. Care must be taken that there is no paper or waste product protruding through the hinged bowl. This will prevent any burning or smoke outside of the chamber. The start button activates a heating coil to start the incineration process. The collected waste in the holding area is subjected to heat temperatures of up to 1400 oF for a pre-selected run time (about one hour). The heat and smoke within the incineration chamber is filtered through an odor control catalyst (much like the one found on a automobile exhaust system) and out the exhaust vent. The systems contains an exhaust blower which continues to extract heat after the heating coil has shut off and until the incineration chamber has cooled down to about 130 oF. Once the ash pan has cooled down to room temperature the incinerated debris, about a tablespoon, can be discarded. The process in summary is presented in Figure 3.
Over 175 electric toilets have been sold in Massachusetts by INCINOLET. These systems are in use in a number of locations on Cape Cod and the Islands (Bourne, Falmouth, Hyannis, Chatham and Nantucket). The price range of a unit is $1499-$1879, and the system cost about 28 Cents per cycle to operate. People and businesses using these systems indicated that they did not notice a power draw when the toilet was started or in use. Effects of the toilets’ electric demand were considered to be not noticeable to slightly noticeable. In two of the five people interviewed, odor from the system was considered a problem because they had not vented the system above their roof line. When their systems were in the incineration cycle they complained that there was a backdraft of odor/smell that was directly attributed to being vented too low. Both persons said that after the system had run for a while that smell became less noticeable. The differences in uses range from one to two incineration’s per weekend to a constant running use at a busy boat marina. People interviewed generally felt that the systems are easy to use, worked well and were fairly easy to maintain.
Incinolet is the only manufacturer of electric toilets that we have found. Product information and distribution details can be obtained by contacting RESEARCH PRODUCTS/Blankenship, 2639 Andjon, Dallas, Texas 75220. Phone 1-800-527-5551. WEB SITE http://www.dfw.net
Natural Gas and Propane Incinerating Toilets
Natural Gas and Propane incinerating toilets do not rely on the use of water, plumbing or electricity. These systems can be installed any place where a natural gas or propane source is available. The systems can be temporarily connected to propane gas cylinders like those used on gas grills, or can be directly hooked up to a permanent source of gas. According to the only manufacturer located (Storeburn®), these systems have the ability to accommodate the needs of 8 to 10 workers in an average 8 to 10 hour day or about 6 to 8 persons in a cottage or residence where the daily use would be about 16 hours.
The gas powered incinerating toilets do not contain a toilet bowl. In appearance, they are more like a portable outhouse where the waste is dropped into a holding area/chamber. The holding chamber is located directly below the toilet seat. An aerosol masking foam may be applied after each use to blanket or cover over stored waste deposits. When the system is full or an incineration cycle is ready to begin, a package of anti-foam MK-1 is added to the liquid portion of the waste. The unit must not be operated without the MK-1. The toilet seat is lifted and a cover plug is inserted over the chamber opening (this plug acts as the firewall). The timer is set to the recommended setting according to load capacity. A gas cock handle is turned to the pilot position and ignited by pressing a button. Once the pilot light is on the main burner can be activated by turning the gas cock handle to the “ON” position. The system is then in the incineration cycle. Depending on the load capacity the system may burn for 1.5 to 4 hours. The manufacture recommends burning off the loads at times when the toilet will not have to be used such as at the end of the workday or at night. While this may work well for construction sites or weekend camps, it may present convenience problems for full-time living use.
Gas incinerator toilets require more installation considerations than electric toilets. Gas fixtures should be inspected annually for integrity. Venting of gas systems must be observed with the utmost care. An air space must be maintained under the bottom of the unit to assure proper drafting/airflow during an incineration cycle. Rugs and carpets should not be installed under the unit. The unit may not be installed in a airtight room and a provision for “make-up air” must be made. Intake air vents may be necessary if the toilet is to be located in an enclosed room.
People who are using the gas systems describe them as being similar to using a port-a-potty without the liquid chemical content. For this review, we interviewed two users, each of whom could be described as using the units limited amounts of time each year (one during the summer on weekends, the other was used for ice fishing 1-3 days per week during the winter). Both systems were run on propane gas. The systems were considered easy to use and to maintain. One person described the system as being the cross between an “outhouse and a gas fireplace” which, functionally speaking isn’t too far off.
One interesting system drawback was described as being “psychological”. People who are not acclimated to using waterless toilets may be uncomfortable with these systems. Interviews identified that some people had problems with the actual sounds of using a waterless system, the open pit or chamber below the seat, and having to use a covering foam (they didn’t care for having to look into the holding chamber). As with electric toilets, venting location is critical for proper odor control. Another recommendation was to have a spare spark igniter on hand in the event that the primary igniter fails. The spark igniter was considered easy to install and being much like the one on your home gas grill. Storburn® units cost in the range of $2,200, not including the necessary venting (approximately $150-$200). In addition, aerosol masking foam and antifoam are continuing costs. We could not estimate the operating costs of the unit based on the limited interviews.
Storburn® has a head office STORBURN INTERNATIONAL, INC., located at 9 Woodslee, Paris, Ontario N3L3T6, Telephone 1-800-876-2286. I also recently found out from a WEB site (www. jademountain. com/comp.html) that the Storburn® factory recently burned down (somewhat ironic) and it is uncertain at this point when or if they will be available again.
Where and When Should Incinerating Toilets be Installed?
If installed in accordance with appropriate codes (gas-fitting, plumbing, electric, building), both gas-fired and electric toilets are permitted in Massachusetts. It is not clear, however, if their use fulfills the requirement of a water closet under the plumbing code. Many of you may remember that the issue of a water- closet requirement prevented the use of composting toilets for years.
Boards of Health in Barnstable County and most areas of the state should only consider permitting the use of incinerator toilets as a replacement for a subsurface sewage system after careful consideration and after all other feasible alternatives have been explored. These units are not specifically referenced in Title 5, and hence there are no specific guidelines for their application. In general, they have been permitted in remedial situations where the living units are seasonal with limited use, and where there is a means for gray water disposal. Most often, graywater disposal in those situations is permitted to an existing facility in similar fashion as has been allowed under 310CMR 15.289(3)(a).
Incinerating toilets find their most ideal application at sites where it is impractical to extend water service or sites which receive very limited use. In the case of gas-fired incinerator toilets, even electrical service is not required. Applications include camps, cabins, fishing shacks, dune shacks, accessory buildings etc. Applications in Falmouth included beach cabanas along Shore Rd. that were heavily damaged during a hurricane.
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Chalcolithic sites : Eran and Tewar
Jan 10, 2022
Chalcolithic sites : Eran and Tewar
Q Why is it in News ?
A The Chalcolithic cultures of Central India are adequately investigated and studied informed the Ministry of Culture in particular reference to the sites of Eran and Tewar.
Q Which are the major sites in Central India ?
A Eran (Dist. Sagar, MP )
- Eran (ancient Airikina) is situated on the left bank of the Bina (ancient Venva) river and surrounded by it on three sides.
- The recent excavation has unearthed a variety of antiquities including a copper coin, an iron arrowhead, terracotta bead, stone beads along with copper coins, stone celt, beads of steatite and jasper, etc.
- The occurrence of few specimens of plain, thin grey ware is noteworthy.
- The use of iron was evidenced by few metallic objects at the site.
Tewar (Dist. Jabalpur, MP)
- Tewar (Tripuri) village is located 12 km west of Jabalpur district on Jabalpur – Bhopal highway.
- This excavation did not reach the natural soil and revealed four folds of cultural sequences i.e. Kushana, Shunga, Satvahana, and Kalachuri.
- Antiquarian remains in this excavation include viz remains of sculptures, hopscotch, terracotta balls, Iron nails, copper coins, terracotta beads, implements of Iron and terracotta figurine, ceramics red ware etc.
- It also revealed structural remains consist of brick wall and structure of sandstone columns.
Q What are some details about Chalcolithic Culture in India ?
- A completely different kind of culture known as Chalcolithic Culture was developed in central India and Deccan region by the end of the Neolithic period.
- It is characterized by the use of both stone and bronze implements.
- The people of Chalcolithic culture had used unique painted earthenware usually black-on-red.
- The use of copper and bronze tools also evidenced on a limited scale.
- The economy was largely based on subsistence agriculture, stock-raising, hunting, and fishing.
- They, however, never reached the level of urbanization in spite they were using metal.
- They were contemporary of the Harappan culture, but some other were of later Harappan age.
Q What are the Important features of Chalcolithic culture ?
- The centers of Chalcolithic cultures flourished in semi-arid regions of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and Maharashtra.
- The settlements of Kayatha culture were mostly located on the Chambal River and its tributaries.
- The settlements of Malwa culture are mostly located on the Narmada and its tributaries.
- The three best known settlements of Malwa culture are at Navdatoli, Eran, and Nagada.
- Navdatoli was one of the largest Chalcolithic settlements in the country spread in almost 10 hectares.
- The settlements of Rangpur culture are located mostly on Ghelo and Kalubhar rivers in Gujarat.
- More than 200 settlements of Jorwe culture are known. Greater numbers of these settlements are found in Maharashtra.
- The best known settlements of Jorwe culture are Prakash, Daimabad, and Inamgaon. Daimabad was the largest one that measured almost 20 hectares.
Development of Agriculture
- They cultivated both Kharif and Rabi crops in rotation and also raised cattle with it.
- They cultivated wheat and barley in Malwa region. Rice was cultivated in Inamgaon and Ahar.
- They also cultivated jowar, bajra, kulth, ragi, green peas, lentil, and green and black grams.
- Largely, the Chalcolithic cultures flourished in the black cotton soil zone.
Trade and Commerce
- The Chalcolithic communities traded and exchanged materials with other contemporary communities.
- A large settlement serves as the major centers of trade and exchange.
- Some of them were Ahar, Gilund, Nagada, Navdatoli, Eran, Prabhas, Rangpur, Prakash, Daimabad, and Inamgaon.
- The Ahar people settled close to the copper source and were used to supply copper tools and objects to other contemporary communities in Malwa and Gujarat.
- Identical marks embedded on most of the copper axes found in Malwa, Jorwe, and Prabhas cultures that might indicate that it may be the trademarks of the smiths who made them.
- It is found that Conch shell for bangles was traded from the Saurashtra coast to various other parts of the Chalcolithic regions.
- Gold and ivory come to Jorwe people from Tekkalkotta in Karnataka and semiprecious stones may have been traded to various parts from Rajpipla in Gujarat.
- Wheeled bullock carts were used for long distance trade, besides the river transport. The drawings of wheeled bullock carts have been found on pots.
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EquipNepal was formed in 2003 with the desire to link with ministries and missionaries in the kingdom of Nepal to encourage and support their efforts in evangelism, church planting, discipleship, and meeting physical needs.
Once the only Hindu Kingdom in the world, Nepal became a democratic federal republic in May 2008. Nepal is landlocked between China and India. It is best known as the birthplace of Buddha and for Mount Everest, the highest peak on earth. It is a land of many contrasts – great wealth and overwhelming poverty, snow-capped mountains and lush jungle – paradoxically opposing and appealing to the senses and the spirit.
Although it is one of the most fascinating and exotic places in creation, Nepal is one of the most unreached nations for Christ. Your help for the cause of Christ in Nepal is greatly needed and appreciated.
NEW: photos in the Photo Gallery!
“Defend the cause of the weak and fatherless;
maintain the rights of the poor and orphaned”
Follow us on Facebook
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A healthy private sector is crucial for poverty alleviation, the creation of jobs and the raising of incomes. This is true even in the adverse context of Conflict and Fragility Affected Environments (CFAEs). Supporting livelihoods is an effective way of supporting peace-building efforts. However, carrying out Private Sector Development (PSD) work in CFAEs also presents unique challenges. The private sector of conflict-affected countries is likely to be small, informal and constrained by resource and labour-scarcity.
This seminar examined how these challenges are currently approached by development partners and how these approaches can be improved.
This event was organised by Danida and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark. It was held in the Ministry’s headquarters in Copenhagen, Denmark. The DCED Secretariat provided advice and assistance to the planning and the implementation of the event.
Further resources for practitioners can be found on the DCED’s webpage on PSD in CFAEs.
Around 70 participants took part in the seminar. Participants and discussants included Danish Ministry staff and programme managers, and also came from several other organisations, such as the World Bank, International Financial Corporation, the Swedish International Development Organisation, ILO, GIZ, Clingendael (The Netherlands institute of International Relations) and Danish researchers, consultants and social partners active in the field.
You can view a full participant list here.
A brief summary report of the event can be downloaded here.
- How to stimulate private sector activity in fragile countries. Ivan Rossignol, World Bank.
- Bringing private sector investments to challenging markets: predicaments and complications. Michel M. Botzung (Nairobi) and Joanna Kata-Blackman (DC), IFC.
- Empowerment and growth through private sector development: cases from Iraq, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Sierra Leone. Ole Stokholm Jepsen, Consultant.
- Business as development agents or business as usual? The case of mobile telecommunications industry in Afghanistan. Sameer Azizi, Copenhagen Business School.
- Conflict-sensitive private sector development. Anette Hoffmann, Clingendael.
- Enterprise development and job creation – cases from Myanmar, Afghanistan and East Timor. Merten Sievers, ILO.
- Private sector development in contexts of open and sustained violence. Birgit Seibel, GIZ.
- Building the organizational fabric of the private sector: from crisis and conflict to development. Niels Tanderup-Kristensen, The Confederation of Danish Industry (DI).
- Trade Union Perspectives. Mads Bugge Madsen LO/FTF Council.
- PSD in CFAEs based on a mapping of Danish growth and employment engagements in Somalia, Afghanistan, Mali and Zimbabwe. Mikkel Klim, Consultant.
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MUMBAI, INDIA — Reishma Rathore lives in a dilapidated one-room shanty in Dharavi slum, Mumbai (formerly Bombay), a stinking sea of corrugated iron shanties and rubbish. Last week, she was offered a spanking new apartment with a kitchen and bathroom free of charge. She turned it down. "This is mine," she says, patting her brightly painted front step.
Dharavi is Asia's largest slum – covering about one square mile of central Mumbai – and it is slated for the largest slum-clearing ever.
Within days, says the city's Slum Redevelopment Authority (SRA), the government will invite bids from developers to raze Dharavi and rebuild it as a 21st-century "township."
Ms. Rathore's reaction to the plan to flatten her home is not unusual. "Not a single slum dweller has given consent," said Jockin Arputham, president of the National Slum Dwellers Federation (NSDF). "We will fight it and fight it."
Dharavi's transformation is the latest example of a conflict that is sweeping India. On one side is a government committed to India's go-go growth; on the other are millions of poor citizens who feel left behind.
For the government, the redevelopment of Dharavi is an innovative solution to a land shortage in one of the world's most expensive cities. Developers will demolish the slum's low-level shanties and rehouse inhabitants in high-rise blocks, freeing up precious land for middle-class apartment blocks, malls, and business parks.
Few places in the world need the space more than India's commercial capital. Home to more than 13 million people, Mumbai is expected to become the world's second-largest city after Tokyo by 2015, with a population of nearly 25 million. Half of Mumbai lives in sprawling slums; elsewhere, the scarcity of land threatens the city's economic growth.
But many of Dharavi's estimated 600,000-plus residents say they will not budge. A sizeable voting block, their views are not easily dismissed.
For property developers, the issue is simple: Dharavi is a gold mine. Located between Mumbai's two busiest train lines and near a flourishing business park, it is likely to attract international investors hungry for a slice of the Indian real estate market.
Even the requirement that they rehouse the slum dwellers for free is unlikely to deter developers, who plan to foot the (US) $2 billion-plus bill for Dharavi's face-lift. The government will sell the land at below market prices and for every square foot of accommodation created for slum dwellers, developers will get 1.3 square feet for commercial use.
Free housing may sound like the perfect cure for the ugly scars that are India's slums. But the reality is more complicated. The SRA, which has already redeveloped pockets of slum in Mumbai, has determined that developers may rehouse inhabitants in seven-story blocks of 225 square-foot apartments and develop the remaining land, provided that 70 percent of slum dwellers agree.
But in Dharavi, the 70 percent condition has been scrapped. The slum will be bulldozed whether residents like it or not.
"You have to ask why, if this deal is so wonderful, it is being pushed though like this," says Parth Shah, president of the new Delhi-based think tank, Centre for Civil Society.
For some residents, the reason is simple: A small apartment is no replacement for homes that often double as businesses. Dharavi is as squalid as any slum, with open drains and grimy, labyrinthine lanes so crowded with shanties that little sunlight penetrates. But it also has more than 4,500 industries manufacturing everything from glass bangles to soap to bread. And some slum dwellers are achieving more than survival.
In a dimly lit hut twice the size of the others in its lane, young men sit bent over mounds of waste plastic, sorting it into piles. This is Rajesh Chawla's home, which doubles as a recycling center, and business is good. "It's people like me who will lose out," he says. "I won't be able to employ ten people in 225 square feet."
He does not add that he, like most Dharavi businesses, operates on the thinnest of margins. Survival in the formal economy, with taxes and regulations, will be tough.
Others fear homelessness. Only those who have lived in Dharavi since at least 1995 will get new housing. Given the alacrity with which Indians are leaving the countryside for cities, many have doubtless settled here since then.
Activists also fear the social fabric of the slum will be torn by change. Life is lived in an intimate jumble in Dharavi: People cook, work, bathe, and gossip on every patch of pavement, and the air is filled with the sounds of IndiPop, sewing machines, and hammers.
In high-rise apartments, life will be lonelier. With the arrival of the middle classes, it will become segregated too. "It will be like Manhattan on one side and a ghetto on the other," says the NSDF's Mr. Arputham.
Mukesh Mehta, the architect who is managing the development, disagrees. "Dharavi will be divided into five sectors, and in each there will be housing for slum dwellers and mor-middle-class buyers," he says, adding that he plans to make India "slumless" by 2020. Dharavi is his first experiment.
But clearing the slums will not, in itself, consign them to history. Until there is affordable housing in India's burgeoning cities, new slums will always spring up. "Rent control and draconian building measures make low-cost housing a high-risk, low-return business," says Mr. Shah. "Fix this, then clear the slums."
In the meantime, Dharavi's transformation will require some careful handling. Poor as they are, slum dwellers' powers are not limited to political clout.
In his Dharavi office, Arputham points to an aerial map of the slum and the train lines that slice through it. "When the building starts, I will ask a few thousand people to spend the night sleeping on the tracks," he warns. "Mumbai will be brought to a standstill."
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We have had numerous problems recently with students being unable to open Mathematica
files due to a "corrupt file cache."
This page is simply a local (paraphrased) copy of information found at the Wolfram Research website
detailing how to recover from this situation. (It is up-to-date as of April 15, 2003;
visit wolfram.com for updates.)
- Right-click on this link: Corruption.m and select "Save Target As...".
Save it to an easy-to-locate place (e.g., "H:\Corruption.m").
- Open a blank notebook in Mathematica, and issue the command:
(changing "H:\" to specify wherever you saved it.)
- Suppose that your corrupt notebook is called "Taylor Series.nb" and is saved in
the "Calculus" folder on your network (H:) drive. You should issue the command:
This command reads in the cells from the notebook and puts them into a new untitled window.
Bad cells are unformatted, given a cell tag of "junk", and appear as
red bold text.
These junk cells can usually be safely ignored (and deleted).
- Save the salvaged notebook with a new name.
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| 0.881466
| 270
| 2.671875
| 3
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Essay: Significance of Cockpit Resource Management
If all the airlines could acknowledge the fact that CRM is an important aspect in reducing the chances of accidents then the aviation industry would go a long way in ensuring the safety of all passengers. If one assumes that he or she is not vulnerable to error, then this increases the chances of the said person of doing an error. Procedures that are to be followed should be analyzed to make sure that they take into consideration all the avenues that can cause a risk or threat. The persons involved should then ensure that they follow the procedure fully and not assume that you have memorized the procedure so there is no need of reading a manual. Such an assumption can go a long way in increasing the chances of errors occurring. Most of the errors that occur are because of violations of laid down procedures and are mostly caused by assumptions. People should be trained on the importance of following the laid down procedures to the letter and be made to understand that this is for the sake of their safety as well as for the others that they are working together. (Edkins & Pfister 2003 pps 66-102)
Given the magnitude of damage that can result due to a simple mistake by an individual in the cockpit, it is important for all the members of the crew to observe maximum care before they make any important decision. Some behaviors that are exhibited by people in their day-to-day lives can be dangerous if they are carried on to the cockpit. These behaviors include “leadership, briefings, monitoring and cross checking, decision making, and review and modification of plans.” (Helmreich 2000) CRM is important in training crewmembers on how to change some of their behaviors and attitudes that can be dangerous if applied in the cockpit.
The is just a sample essay, please place an order for custom essays, term papers, research papers, thesis, dissertation, book reports etc.
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The Political Economy of Recycling
Citation (Chicago Style): Landsburg, Michael C. Munger Edwar Melissa Walsh Innes Steven E.. The Political Economy of Recycling . , 2015. Kindle edition.
Nota - Posizione 4
Munger: zero waste è una poiltica irrazionale. anche quando l obiettivo primario è l ambiente... hume: r. può essere efficiente se inserito in un mix.pagare la monnezza è una buona soluzione... innes: responsabilizzare il produttore... landsburg: nn facciamo di r. una questine moralistica. l unica morale è quella che rispetta i prezzi. le altre corrompono ma soprattutto instupidiscono...
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 4
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 13
Recycling: Can It Be Wrong, When It Feels So Right? by Michael C. Munger
Nota - Posizione 15
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 16
Zero waste isn’t a good policy goal.
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 17
Munger offers a tour of the economics of trash
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 19
irrational even when our highest priority is saving the environment.
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 25
Humes argues that recycling is indeed economically efficient,
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 25
occasional exceptions does not disprove
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 26
recycling should be the last line of defense in our solid waste management strategy:
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 27
Reductions in packaging, better incentives, and “pay as you throw”
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 33
in favor of “extended producer responsibility”— a
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 42
promoting recycling as a moral issue has a sinister cost:
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 43
It encourages the public to view policy questions moralistically.
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 44
morality, he says, let us preach the morality of respecting price signals.
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 108
Recycling: Can It Be Wrong, When It Feels So Right? By Michael C. Munger
Nota - Posizione 112
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 117
Let me start with two of the most common claims, each quite false: 1. Everything that can be recycled should be recycled. So that should be the goal of regulation: zero waste. 2. If recycling made economic sense, the market system would take care of it. So no regulation is necessary, and in fact state action is harmful.
Nota - Posizione 120
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 125
Empirically, recycling is almost always substantially more expensive than disposing in the landfill.
Nota - Posizione 126
CFR SUI PREZZI
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 127
Since we can’t use the price system, authorities resort to moralistic claims, trying to persuade people that recycling is just something that good citizens do.
Nota - Posizione 128
LA MORALITÀ DEI PREZZI
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 131
1. A Visit to Oz
Nota - Posizione 131
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 142
Recyclists seem to believe that everything should be conserved, except time,
Nota - Posizione 143
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 146
when you add on the fuel costs and pollution impact of collecting small quantities of the stuff from neighborhoods, actually uses more energy, and wastes more resources, than using virgin materials.
Nota - Posizione 147
DI SOLITO RICICLARE NQUINA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 148
There are exceptions. If disposal costs are high and there is actual demand for the cullet, then green glass is highly recyclable. The best example is northern California, with valuable land, a large population, and lots of manufacturers eager to put new wine in recycled bottles.
Nota - Posizione 150
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 153
Raleigh, North Carolina)
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 154
Citizens voted to force the city to pick up the glass in those plastic bins, because they don’t like to throw the glass away. The glass is picked up, trucked to the recycling facility, and either bagged or boxed and then shipped, in a different truck, to the landfill. In effect, citizens are paying the city extra to throw away the glass, so that they can pretend it’s being recycled.[
Nota - Posizione 157
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 161
The main thing is to get people in the habit of recycling, because it’s the right thing to do.”
Nota - Posizione 162
QUEL CHE CONTA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 164
Recycling gives people a chance to express their concern about the environment, and concern about the environment is good.
Nota - Posizione 165
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 168
2. The economic problem of recycling
Nota - Posizione 168
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 185
(1) the resource is actually valuable, but markets underprice it; and (2) landfills are scarce, dangerous, or need subsidies to avoid dumping, meaning that throwing resources away is too cheap.[
Nota - Posizione 186
I DUE ARGO X IL RICICLAGGIO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 188
2. A. Underpricing Valuable Resources
Nota - Posizione 188
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 214
Aluminum cans, some kinds of paper, and corrugated cardboard are all valuable, once they are sorted and packed into high-density containers where the volume is large enough for industrial-scale recycling. You may have seen homeless people picking through garbage for aluminum cans: They can sell
Nota - Posizione 216
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 216
The fact that people can sell some recycled products means that there is a market,
Nota - Posizione 217
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 218
2. B. Landfill Cost/ Scarcity
Nota - Posizione 218
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 220
The argument I made above, which might be summarized, “Let markets do it, and if markets can’t do it shouldn’t be done!”
Nota - Posizione 220
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 225
Recycling, including the costs of collecting the waste in tiny, mixed amounts, transporting the waste to a handling facility, sorting it, cleaning it, repackaging it, and then transporting it again, often for great distances, to a market that will buy the commodity for some actual use, is almost always more expensive than landfilling that same waste in a local facility.
Nota - Posizione 227
COSTOSITÀ DEL RICICLAGGIO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 229
landfills should be priced at the sum of the opportunity cost of the space used for the landfill and the externalities and costs of managing pollution resulting from landfill disposal.[
Nota - Posizione 230
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 235
There is a third alternative, or a whole category of alternatives, to landfill disposal or recycling.[ 8] That alternative is illegal dumping, illicit burning, or other extra-legal “free” disposal.
Nota - Posizione 237
L ALTERNATIVA DELL ILLEGALITÀ
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 239
covert dumping is easy, and burning in rural areas is very hard to police effectively.
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 240
solution, the one we generally settle on, is subsidizing landfill disposal.
Nota - Posizione 240
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 253
3. Morals, Not Markets
Nota - Posizione 253
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 254
If charging the “real” price for landfill causes dumping, why wouldn’t mandatory (and costly) recycling have the same effect? After all, if recycling is expensive (though cheaper than the true cost of landfilling), then charging that cost will induce illegal dumping, right?
Nota - Posizione 256
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 258
Wouldn’t we have to subsidize recycling, also?
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 261
We have to use another weapon to make mandatory recycling work, and not just be shifted over into illegal dumping. That weapon is moral suasion: you should recycle because good people recycle, and recycling is the right thing to do.
Nota - Posizione 263
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 266
landfill is no longer expensive; it’s evil.
Nota - Posizione 266
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 268
3. A. Running Garbage through the Dishwasher
Nota - Posizione 268
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 271
The duties of good citizens came down to three things: (1) recycle everything; (2) sort it assiduously; and (3) wash it carefully.
Nota - Posizione 272
CARTA DEI DOVERI
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 277
In many cities, the resulting separated waste is actually picked up, re-mingled, and landfilled, because it has no economic value whatsoever. But that’s okay, because the important thing is the moral act of recycling, not the saving of resources.
Nota - Posizione 278
CARTA DEI FATTI
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 292
I phoned the public relations officers with the recycling departments in several small cities in the Northeast. I asked one extremely cheerful and energetic young woman how her city could justify asking people to put their garbage in the dishwasher. Isn’t that pretty expensive, in terms of human time, and the energy to heat the water, compared to the value of the garbage? Using the same tone of voice one would use to talk to a five year old— she clearly thought I was not the sharpest can lid in the recycle bin— she gave me the most concise explanation I have encountered in the whole genre. She said, “Oh, you have to understand, sir. Recycling is always cheaper, no matter how much it costs!” For her, and for millions of people like her, recycling is not an economic activity at all, but a moral duty,
Nota - Posizione 298
ESEMPIO DI CHIARIMENTI
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 301
if recycling is good, more recycling is better.
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 304
3. B. Moral Imperatives Defeated by Incentives at Duke Dining
Nota - Posizione 305
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 313
The Commons, the faculty dining room, moved with many of the other food service units to use paper plates, plastic utensils, and paper napkins. The nature of these products, made from low-quality fibers and stained with greasy food products, made them poor candidates for recycling, even by the usual friendly standards of universities. At first there were grumbles. Then there were outright protests. Students and faculty complained that “we all know it is wrong” to dispose of waste in the landfill.
Nota - Posizione 317
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 328
3. C. The Church of Recycling: Holy Communion in Vitacura
Nota - Posizione 328
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 665
Don’t Cast Recycling as a Moral Issue By Steven E. Landsburg
Nota - Posizione 667
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 672
When I get a delivery from Amazon, I throw the packaging in the trash. I do that partly because it’s free. My trash collector charges by the month, and I almost never exceed my allotted volume, so disposal costs me nothing at the margin. But landfill space is not free, and if I’m not bearing the cost, someone else is. Arguably this means I throw out too much trash. The most obvious solution is to charge me for landfill space, which might induce me to order fewer packages, or to order packages from sellers who go easier on the styrofoam, or to recycle. Unfortunately, a landfill charge might also induce me to discard my trash on my neighbor’s lawn or (if I burn it) in my neighbor’s lungs. You might think a better solution is to pass a mandatory recycling law. But if I’m already ignoring laws against dumping and burning, I’ll probably ignore that law too. Maybe you’d do better by convincing me that recycling is a moral imperative, so I’ll do it instinctively.
Nota - Posizione 680
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 682
The thrust of Michael Munger’s essay (as I understand it) is that your mistake all along has been trying to influence my behavior when you should have been trying to influence Amazon’s. If, for example, we place a hefty tax on styrofoam packaging, then Amazon will use less of it, which at least alleviates the problem.
Nota - Posizione 687
IO E AMAZON. LA SOLUZIONE AL DUMPING
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 700
When you cast policy issues in moral terms, you degrade the character of public discourse. You lead people to see conflicting priorities as an occasion for battle, rather than an occasion for compromise. You send the message that policy is best decided by appeals to one’s inner conscience (or, more likely, to the polemics of demagogues), rather than by appeals to impersonal cost-benefit analysis.
Nota - Posizione 702
CSTI DEL MORALISMO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 713
Every time a misguided locavore makes the world a poorer place by choosing expensive local food, it’s because she’s absorbed the false lesson that prices are generallya poor measure of social cost - a lesson first absorbed, I suspect, at the feet of the recycling propagandists she first met in elementary school.
Nota - Posizione 716
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 718
I’m on board, for example, with making people feel guilty about committing murder for hire. I might be on board with making people feel guilty about working as OSHA inspectors, or accepting jobs that wouldn’t exist without tariff protection, or installing solar panels solely because they’re subsidized.
Nota - Posizione 720
A VOLTE IL MORALISMO SERVE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 722
When an airline can fly me to California for $ 200, and I’m willing to pay $ 300, but (because of monopoly power) the price is $ 1,000, I choose not to fly. That’s socially inefficient in exactly the same way that my failure to recycle is inefficient—I elevate my own selfish interests over a clear opportunity to create value for others (in this case the stockholders of the airline company) and to enrich the world as a whole.
Nota - Posizione 725
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 735
First, I’d like to encourage respect for price signals even when price signals get things wrong, because price signals so often get things right.
Nota - Posizione 736
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Green Reveiwed Litrachur
Posted by Jeff Id on January 30, 2010
This was sent by email to me from Climatequotes, apparently greenpeace has been a regular in IPCC reports for some time.
After hearing about Greenpeace being cited in the IPCC’s Fourth Assessment report, I went back and looked at the Third Assessment Report to see if they had been cited there are well. Turns out they were, at least four times. Three of them were from Working Group II: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, and one was from Working Group III: Mitigation. The first is in working group II: Impact, section 12.1.4. Climate Trends:
“There is some evidence of long-term variations in the Australasian region in storm frequency and tropical cyclones (Nicholls et al., 1996a; Radford et al., 1996; Hopkins and Holland, 1997; Leighton et al., 1997).”
Radford et al is referenced as:
Radford, D., R. Blong, A.M. d’Aubert, I. Kuhnel, and P. Nunn, 1996: Occurence of Tropical Cyclones in the Southwest Pacific Region 1920-1994. Greenpeace International, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 35 pp.
They misspelled occurrence, not me. I can find this cited all over the Internet, but I cannot find the original. There were citations to support this claim other than Greenpeace. Onto the next, also in Working Group II, section 22.214.171.124. The Arctic:
“Comprehensive interviews by Gibson and Scullinger (1998) have revealed notable impacts on food sources and natural environments of native Alaskan communities.”
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The new Public Speaking Initiative (PSI) offers resources to faculty, departments, and the student body. It offers practical techniques grounded in rhetoric and composition theory, enabling it to provide assistance tailored to the curricular goals of specific courses and assignments.
PSI is coordinated by Matt Ruben, a longtime instructor in the Writing Program. Matt earned his doctorate in English and Urban Studies, and is a community activist in Philadelphia with a broad range of public-speaking experience.
Contact Matt at firstname.lastname@example.org to discuss a workshop for your class or department.
In-class Workshops: Sessions customized for the pedagogical goals, intellectual content, and time constraints of specific courses and assignments.
Curricular Development: Individualized consultation with faculty on ways to create or further develop assignments involving speaking and presentation.
Presentations: Sessions for groups of faculty, or for groups of majors, to assist with the department's academic and professional needs, including oral components of senior theses, poster presentations, research presentations, and more.
NEW: Peer Speaking Tutors: Specially trained students available for one-on-one meetings to help with oral presentations, thesis defenses, interviews, poster presentations, class discussion skills, visual aids, and more! Make an appointment or walk-in at the Writing Center, just like you do with peer writing tutors. Online appointments are available through the Writing Center's online system - just click on "Make an Appointment," above.
Campus-wide Workshops: Matt conducts workshops periodically throughout the academic year, open to all students, focusing on the essentials of public speaking and presentation.
FOR THE COMMUNITY
COMING SOON: PSI Blog: Watch this page for a link to the new PSI blog.
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U.S.-based multinational corporations are mounting a huge lobbying effort to convince the White House and Congress to give them another repatriation tax “holiday” that would allow them to bring the profits from overseas operations back to the United States at a 5 percent tax rate instead of the usual 35 percent rate.
At first blush, it seems enticing. Global U.S. companies have more than $1 trillion in profits in overseas accounts. They can keep them there and never pay U.S. taxes on them, or they can bring them back, provide tax revenues for federal coffers, and, presumably, use the money to create jobs at home.
But, we’ve been down this road before, unhappily so. President Bush and Congress gave the multinationals their first holiday in 2004, letting them pay 5.25 percent on their repatriated profits.
They brought back lots of money – $362 billion in profits, according to an Internal Revenue Service analysis – but, rather than use it to create jobs as they had promised, studies by the National Bureau of Economic Research and others show that they mostly used it to buy back stock and boost dividends to shareholders. In fact, Tax Analysts found that some of the same firms that repatriated their profits turned around and laid off thousands, if not tens of thousands, of workers in the United States.
Critics also worry that, by providing corporations a second holiday, policymakers will raise expectations of more holidays down the road, giving multinationals more reason to park future profits overseas. The more they do so, the less they pay in corporate taxes, thus boosting federal deficits over the long run.
Even though another holiday is a bad idea, the White House and Congress should address the problem that encourages corporate profit-shifting in the first place – a U.S. corporate tax code with what will soon be the highest marginal tax rate in the industrialized world, which leaves our corporations at a competitive disadvantage with their peers abroad. The current corporate rate induces companies to move their people, their operations, and their profits to lower-tax nations in order to maximize their profits to shareholders,
In theory, U.S. corporations pay a 35 percent marginal tax rate on their profits wherever they earn them. But in practice, they can avoid U.S. taxes by shifting their profits abroad and then keeping them there.
To be sure, a marginal rate (the rate on the last dollar earned) is not the same as an effective rate (the actual tax burden rate after corporations take their write-offs). U.S. corporations pay effective tax rates that are about average across major industrialized nations. Still, even economist Martin Sullivan, a Tax Analysts contributing editor who has strongly criticized corporate profit shifting, argues for lower marginal rates because corporations base investment decisions on marginal, not effective, rates.
The high marginal tax rate makes the United States a tax outlier, raising issues of competitiveness for U.S.-based multinationals. And, unlike many other industrialized countries, state and local taxes add to the corporate burden, effectively raising the U.S. rate to 40 percent, on average. Most other industrialized nations tax corporations only on the profits that they earn in their native countries, and most of those nations have significantly lowered their corporate tax rates in recent years.
From 2000 to 2010, average corporate tax rates fell from 32.8 percent to 25.7 percent, according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, and Japan’s announced plans to cut its corporate rate will leave the United States with the highest marginal rate among its competitors.
With the economy struggling and job creation lagging momentum is growing in Washington for a corporate tax overhaul. President Obama has called for it, hearings are underway in Congress and a wide array of think tanks and nonprofits are holding conferences on reform (some focused on corporate taxes, some on the entire tax code).
But, as with any major policy change, the sledding won’t be easy. Yes, corporate marginal rates are high. Yes, corporate incentives to shift their operations overseas are real. But, some companies have found creative ways to work within the system, exploit generous write-offs, and pay little if any tax.
Thus, any reform that cut rates in exchange for scaling back deductions will leave major sectors of corporate America with higher tax bills, not lower ones. The New York Times reported earlier this year that young, innovative industries may be on the losing side if they lose their deductions: the biotech industry pays an effective tax rate of 4.46 percent, drug companies pay 5.62 percent, Internet companies pay 5.94 percent, metals and mining companies pay 7.41 percent, and computer companies by 8.65 percent. They won’t be enamored by the promise of a lower marginal tax rate of, say, 25 or 30 percent, if their tax burden actually rises.
Nor will many Americans likely support the idea that the corporate tax rate should be reduced while job creation lags and profits rise.
But, if the politics are tough and the timing less than ideal, the case for a streamlined corporate tax code of lower rates and fewer deductions is increasingly strong. The United States can no longer afford a tax code that encourages the nation’s largest companies to move their operations to more corporate-friendly jurisdictions.Click here to visit the Business Buzz home page.
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http://www.thefiscaltimes.com/Blogs/Business-Buzz/2011/04/14/Corporate-Tax-Code-Drives-Business-off-Shore
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Royal Artillery in Afghanistan, 1879 (c)
Photograph by Bourne and Shepherd, 2nd Afghan War (1878-1880), 1879 (c).
After the Indian Mutiny (1857-1859), most artillery in India was manned by British soldiers of the Royal Artillery. However, mountain batteries remained in the hands of Indian gunners. The mountain batteries were equipped with light, portable guns ideally suited for service in the hilly terrain of Afghanistan and the frontier regions.
From album of 115 photographs by Bourne and Shepherd.
NAM Accession Number
National Army Museum, Out of Copyright
National Army Museum, Study collection
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posted on Aug, 10 2009 @ 09:17 AM
The president has stated he has two goals in advancing health care reform. 1) to cover people who are not covered, and 2) to slow or stop the rising
cost of health care.
Assuming the 45-50 million uncovered people is an accurate number, then at least 2 alternatives present. First, the US government could advertise for
bids from insurers to cover those people. At $10,000 per person, that comes to $500 billion. Very expensive, but a simple solution beyond belief.
Second, the US Government could create a “fall back” insurance agency, which anyone could “buy” into. A “health” tax would be added to
your FICA now at 7.65% matched by employers total 15.3% of payroll. Let us say we start the “health” tax at 5% and matched by employers. Total of
10% would be collected. Any shortfall would of necessity be made up out of the General Fund.
How to lower the rate of increase in health care will not be so easy. Putting everyone’s health care information in a giant data base accessible by
any legitimate provider would be a start. While that is easy to do electronically, the issue of security of the 300 million or so individual patients
is not so easy.
Another cost increasing habit we have slid down the slippery slope into over the past 40-50 years, is the lack of or shortage of general or family
practitioners and the over-supply of specialists. Because in part it is so easy to base reimbursement payments on procedures performed, and not so
easy to give value to a quiet sit-down with your family doctor for some “grandfatherly” medical advice on life types, and etc.
Another way to save, and I’m not sure how often this would apply, is duplicating tests. Once I had a very sore knee and I could barely walk on it.
With a relative in the health care system I was able to get into my regular doctor that same day. My good fortune continued as the weekly visiting
orthopedic surgeon was also on the premises. He saw me and ordered an old fashioned x-ray of my knee. Because in part I am an old person, he found
signs of arthritis on my knee joint but he said it should not cause my complaint. He ordered a MRI, that miraculous machine that can look inside of
Good x-ray machines cost $50-$100,000 to buy and the price of film and a technician to operate. When MRI machines first became available they were
priced at $1 million. That was 20 years ago so I do not know if a new MRI machine costs MORE or LESS today. I do know it can be operated by a
technician without a MD on the premises. In any case, I had a MRI done on my knee. Because the patient must remain stationary for several minutes
holding the knee in a particular position, I can tell you IT HURT! How much? Well, I said to myself if I have to undergo any more MRI, I’m taking
TWO shots of Jack Daniels (Black Label) before I have it done!
The MRI revealed I have no cartilage on the moving parts of my knee. That explained the pain. I got one shot of cortisone in the knee - painless - and
LOST 120 pounds, and I am no longer bothered by a sore knee. If I had not lost that excess weight, I would very likely have had a knee replacement.
And this is a problem that raises America’s health care costs by some huge amount. Maybe as much as 30%! So what do you do for that?
We have an example to look at. Tobacco. Tobacco was a new world plant. One of the first items the early explorers took back to Europe was tobacco. And
the habit of smoking it! By the 1930s tobacco was a cash crop for millions of farmers. Grown primarily in Virginia, Kentucky, North Carolina and
Connecticut, those states managed to get far more than they otherwise would have because the US Senate is organized on the seniority basis. In the
1930s era of the New Deal, the 8 senators from the states I have mentioned exerted great control over the laws enacted by the Senate. Part of what
they did was “take care” of their constituents.
After statically proving that tobacco causes cancer, we have almost eliminated smoking as a health factor here. We have nearly taxed it out of
existence, at least in our country. Whether it is ethical to make a product here and send it aborad where it can kill the users is apparently an open
question although I fail to see how it can be a question at all.
Aside: Tobacco and alcohol kill about 500,000 people every year in the United States. Heroin and coc aine kill fewer than 5,000 people a year. So
which two do we make illegal and which two do we make legal?
SOLUTIONS? It is obvious to me that the issue of FAT and SALT are paramount in the nation’s general health. So how do we restrict or even HALT the
abuses of FAT and SALT practiced by the FAST FOOD industry that we all use?
How about a TAX on fat? Say, a dime (10 cents) per gram. How about a TAX on salt? How about a nickel (5 cents) per 1000 milligrams? Look up your
favorite fast food items and see how that tax would effect you. Would you slow down or change to items with less fat and or salt?
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http://www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread490336/pg1
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To sign a zone, in the DNS Records window, right click the zone in the left list and select "DNSSEC sign..." from the popup menu:
This brings up the "DNSSEC Sign Zone" dialog, which can be used both to sign the zone and/or to generate DS-records.
Specify a DNSSEC key file and click the "OK" button.
For details on creating and managing DNSSEC key files, please see the reference article below.
If you had the "Generate and display a list of DS-records..." option checked, a dialog with the generated DS-records (if any) will be displayed. You can copy this text (standard zone file format) for inclusion in the parent zone:
Signing a zone will remove any existing DNSSEC signatures records, and add new DNSSEC records to the zone:
The zone is now DNSSEC signed.
Make sure to re-sign the zone after making ANY changes to it.
For more information, please see the following knowledge base articles:
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<urn:uuid:2fe998ee-eb1f-40eb-9885-d8ffdf8e0af6>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://support.simpledns.com/kb/a174/how-to-dnssec-sign-a-zone-with-simple-dns-plus.aspx
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Three dots, stylized Brahmi "Sri" above, Brahmi letters "Ta" and "Pa" in fields, below Lillah Mih in arabic / Brahmi legend "Sri Mi Hi / Ra De Va". 11mmx13mm, 0.60 grams. Unpublished and very rare.
On this type the name written in Brahmi - Lord Mihira Deva (a completely Hindu name) seems to be repeated on the reverse and "In Allah Mih" ("Mih" almost certainly a short form of "Mihira"). It is possible that a local Hindi ruler embraced Islam (based on "Lillah"...) but issued coins under his old name as well. Interestingly, "Mihira" means "Sun" - probably a reference to the giant and famous sun temple in Multan After the conquest of Multan by Umayyad Caliphate in 8th Century AD, under Muhammad bin Qasim, the Sun Temple became a source of great income for the Muslim invaders. Muhammad bin Qasim 'made captive of the custodians of the budd, numbering 6000' and looted its wealth, sparing the idol ” which was made of wood, covered with red leather and two red rubies for its eyes and wearing a gem-studded gold crown ” 'thinking it best to leave the idol where it was, but hanging a piece of cow's flesh on its neck by way of mockery'. This coin, with it's reference to "Mihira" in both Hindu and Muslim context, might be a link to these events.
These coins are derived from the earlier "Sri Tapana" pre-Islamic Multan coins we also sell on the website. These probably have the destinction of being among the very first Islamic coins struck in India. These early Islamic types were first discovered some 10 years or so ago, and were never properly studied or published. They are often attributed to the Habbarid rulers of Sindh and Multan, but the names on these coins do not correspond to the names of the known Habbarid rulers, and these coins are probably . I am currently working on an article on these coins which will be hopefully published in this summer's issue of JONS.
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https://www.numismall.com/products/w36175
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"They need to be allowed to be children rather than having to constantly think about equalities and rights."
That's the explanation Fatima Shah has given for temporarily pulling her 10-year-old daughter out of school in Birmingham, England. She is one of apparently hundreds of Muslim parents who object to a newly developed school program to teach children the basics of LGBT issues.
Now some primary schools in England are suspending this program, called No Outsiders, developed by educator Andrew Moffat, in order to discuss the issue with parents who object to Moffat's curriculum. A petition signed by 400 parents calls for it to be dropped from the schools.
Here's more from Shah in The Guardian in January:
Shah claimed her children were becoming "confused" about homosexuality and that the local community's concerns were not being taken on board. She said: "We have nothing against Mr. Moffat – we are as British as they come. We respect the British values … but the problem is, he is not respecting our ethos as a community.
"We don't send our children to school to learn about LGBT. We send them to school to learn maths, science and English."
There are, of course, people who support and have defended the Moffat program, arguing that schools should continue the classes and require all children to attend them. I suspect these op-eds are much kinder and more respectful of the religious objections of Muslims than they would be of Christians.
But I'm not here to participate in the culture wars. Rather, I'd like to point out how poor a job the school system clearly did in engaging with these people when developing the program in the first place; the belief of government education bureaucrats that they are responsible for teaching students and their families to be "better" people; and the inability of many people in the education system to recognize what services parents actually want from them.
Shabana Mahmood, a member of Parliament for parts of the Birmingham community, explained that the parents she had spoken to weren't even against teaching children about LGBT issues. She herself has backed gay rights measures and voted in favor of same-sex marriage recognition. What she heard is that parents are uncomfortable with the early age at which this is all happening. They want these lessons to begin in secondary school, not when their kids are under the age of 10.
The fight is as loud as it is dumb and unnecessary. Learning about LGBT issues, families, and relationships is something that should be handled on the cultural level, not via standardized government lessons. Western nations have become far more accepting of LGBT people over the past 30 years, but it wasn't government that drove the change. Rather, it was a result of passionate activism and cultural engagement with the communities themselves.
Whenever there's a conflict between educators and parents about what children should be learning, there's a clear and obvious solution: school choice. This fight doesn't have to have winners and losers. Parents who want their children to learn about gay families at a younger age and parents who want their children to wait can both get what they want.
But that would require government officials and educators to see parents as customers, and accept that their business must be won, not assumed. And that's not very British at all.
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https://reason.com/2019/03/21/parents-not-government-should-set-framew/
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| 1.992188
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Source of video: Barsoom Herald
Source of video: Barsoom Herald
Commentary by: Gordon King
The author of this article claims that these are human skulls from an aristocratic family. That their heads were bounded with boards and cloths to deform the skull. Looks like the skull of a Giant to me, a “Nephilim”. I think someone needs to study the skull more carefully and see if it’s actually of human origin.
By Gordon King
The Nephilim, the Giants of old. What do we know about the Nephilim? Most of us have heard the story of David and Goliath. This was actually a true story.
1 Samuel 17:4
4 A champion named Goliath, who was from Gath, came out of the Philistine camp. His height was six cubits and a span.
The length of a cubit was based on the distance from the elbow to the fingertips, so it varied between different ancient groups of people. However, it says according to “the common cubit”, so the average cubit was approximately 18.5 inches. A span was the distance between the tip of the thumb to the tip of the small finger when the hand is fully extended, approximately 9 inches.
Free Dictionary.com definition “Cubit”:
An ancient unit of linear measure, originally equal to the length of the forearm from the tip of the middle finger to the elbow, or about 17 to 22 inches (43 to 56 centimeters) or approximately 18.5 inches.
Free Dictionary.com definition “Span”:
The distance from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the little finger when the hand is fully extended, formerly used as a unit of measure equal to about nine inches (23 centimeters).
So Goliath was 6 cubits x 18.5 inches = 111 inches / 12 inches per foot or 9.25 feet plus 9 inches = 10 feet tall.
1 Samuel 17:48-50
48 As the Philistine moved closer to attack him, David ran quickly toward the battle line to meet him. 49 Reaching into his bag and taking out a stone, he slung it and struck the Philistine on the forehead. The stone sank into his forehead, and he fell facedown on the ground.
50 So David triumphed over the Philistine with a sling and a stone; without a sword in his hand he struck down the Philistine and killed him.
Commentary By: Gordon King
So this is what it’s come to. Test tube meat? Synthetic hamburger? Sounds delicious doesn’t it? Not! Have we gone so far over the edge that our next meal will come from a test tube? You know we are living in the end times when all living organisms are now engineered or manipulated in test tubes. Plants, animals, fuel, babies and now our meat! What’s next on the world agenda? Hmmm….sort of reminds me of a movie I once saw…”Soylent Green”! Does something sound fishy here or is it just me? The bible talks about genetic manipulation in the days of Noah with the Nephilim. He also says that the end times will be like that in the days of Noah! In Genesis 6:4 “There were giants in the earth in those days; and also after that, when the sons of God came in unto the daughters of men, and they bare children to them, the same became mighty men which were of old, men of renown.” And also after that, meaning the Nephilim would be around after the flood! I believe that the Nephilim are among us now and are playing a role in all of this genetic manipulation. What do you think?
A Dutch scientist hopes he’ll change minds about the viability of test tube meat when his first genetically engineered hamburger, made from billions of stem cells, is served hot off the grill.
Mark Post, the head of physiology at Maastricht University in the Netherlands, has spent years growing the synthetic hamburger from bovine stem cells, which his team turned into thin strips of muscle tissue before mincing them into a patty.
While the process has taken time and run up considerable expense – the project received $325,000 from an anonymous donor – Post told the New York Times he hoped the cost of cultured meat could come down in the future, making it a viable food source.
After conducting an informal tasting, Post gave the synthetic tissue his seal of approval, telling the Times, it “tastes reasonably good” and that he planned to add just salt and pepper before serving it, perhaps at an event in London this summer.
Post told ABC News in 2011 that he expected meat consumption to double in the next 40 years.
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Kathleen, or ‘Sunshine’ as she is known to her friends, is currently recovering from double mastectomy breast cancer surgery. Her family has been especially hard-hit; in less than one year, both her sisters have undergone double mastectomies for the same disease. The American Cancer Society statistics indicate that 1 in 8 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer, and that for women with two first-degree relatives diagnosed with breast cancer, risk is tripled. Sunshine’s mother and grandmother also battled the disease.
Sunshine and her sisters, Angel and Brenda, are all feeling positive about the future, and are working to inspire others facing this monumental struggle. Closer-knit than ever, they have put their story on their Facebook page: Three Sisters Survival.
“It’s important that all women routinely check themselves, and have regular exams,” says Sunshine. “My sisters and I hope by sharing our story, we’re helping others with early detection and treatment.”
See below for more information:
3 Sisters Face Battle Against Breast Cancer – San Diego News Story – KGTV San Diego
For readers in the Coachella Valley, Kathleen’s story appeared on Monday, February 13: Channel 3 at 5:00 PM and on Channel 2 at 5:30.
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Civil War Overview
Civil War 1861
Civil War 1862
Civil War 1863
Civil War 1864
Civil War 1865
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Robert E. Lee
Civil War Medicine
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CHIEF JUSTICES OF THE UNITED
JOHN JAY, the first
Chief Justice of the United States, was born in New York, December 12, 17 45. He
graduated at Kings (now Columbia) College, in 1764, and was admitted to the bar
four years later. When the Revolutionary troubles came on he took a prominent
part in the contest. He was the youngest
member of the first Congress, which convened in
1774. We can barely allude to his civil services during the Revolution. In 1777
he prepared the draft of the Constitution of the State of New York,
and was appointed the first Chief Justice of
the State. In 1779 he was sent on a mission to Spain. That Government demanded
as a condition of recognizing
the independence of the United States, that the possession of Florida and the
exclusive right to navigate the Mississippi should be guaranteed to Spain.
JAY refused to
consent that the mouth of our great river should be shut up by a foreign power.
In conjunction with ADAMS, FRANKLIN,
negotiated the treaty by which Great Britain recognized the Independence of the
United States. In 1784 he returned to his country and was appointed Secretary
for Foreign Affairs. When the Union took the place of the old Confederation,
requested him to select any office which he might prefer. He chose that of Chief
Justice of the United States, to which he was appointed in 1789. In 1794 he was
sent to Great Britain as Envoy Extraordinary, to negotiate an important treaty.
This treaty, which settled the questions in dispute between the two nations, was
violently opposed by the Democratic party, especially
at the South. He was absent a year, during which time he was elected Governor of
New York. He then resigned the Chief Justiceship, was twice re-elected Governor,
and then, in 1801, at the age of fifty-six, resolved to retire from public life.
wishing to retain his services for the public, nominated him for his former
place as Chief Justice, then vacant by the resignation of OLIVER
declined, on the ground that he had deliberately made up his mind to retire from
public life, and duty to his country did not then re-quire him to accept office.
He retired to his farm in Bedford, New York, where he died May 17, 1829, in the
eighty-fourth year of his age. While the question of the adoption of the Federal
Constitution was before the people, HAMILTON, MADISON,
projected the famous series of essays called the
wrote the second, third, fourth, and fifth numbers, furnishing no more until the
sixty-fourth number. During the greater part of the interval he was lying
between life and death. A party of medical students had violated the grave to
acquire subjects for dissection. They were put in prison ; but a mob threatened
their lives. JAY
and others, under the lead of HAMILTON,
joined to prevent the outrage ; they were set upon by the rioters,
and JAY was
struck on the temple by a stone, and almost killed. He recovered only in time to
write the single additional paper, on a subject which he was especially
requested to undertake. To this accident it is owing that the
valuable as it is, was not rendered still more valuable by contributions
from one who was recognized as the ablest political writer in the United States.
Mr. JAY was
one of the noblest and purest characters
history. Party spirit ran higher in his day than ever since. The most virulent
personal attacks were made by party writers and speakers.
himself did not escape detraction ; but
no man, except a few violent partisans in South Carolina, however much he might
oppose his public
policy, dared to asperse the perfect integrity of
Upon the resignation of Mr.
JAY, JOHN RUTLEDGE was nominated by the President as Chief Justice of the
United States. He was born in 1739, in South Carolina, whither his father had
emigrated from Ireland four years before. He studied law in the Temple in
London, and returned to
Charleston in 1761, where he at once gained the highest
rank at the bar. He espoused the cause of the colonies at the outset of the
troubles with Great Britain. In 1776 he was appointed President and
Commander-in-Chief of the Colony of South Carolina. It was owing to him that
Fort Moultrie was not abandoned to the enemy without a struggle. General
LEE, who commanded the Continental troops, pronounced the fort a "
slaughter-pen," and wished to evacuate it.
RUTLEDGE wrote to
MOULTRIE, " General
LEE wishes you to evacuate the fort. You will not without an order from
me. I would sooner cut off my hand than write one." When the Constitution of
South Carolina was framed
RUTLEDGE refused his assent, on the ground that it was too Democratic. He
finally yielded his scruples, and was appointed Governor, with the real power of
Dictator. In 1789 he was appointed Associate Judge of the Supreme Court of the
United States, and in 1791 Chief Justice of South Carolina. In 1795 he was
WASHINGTON Chief Justice of the United States. The treaty negotiated by
JAY with Great Britain excited a storm of indignation in South Carolina.
RUTLEDGE made a violent speech against it at Charleston,
just two days before his appointment as Chief Justice reached him, in
which he spoke in bitter language of the leaders of the then dominant Federal
party, of which be had hitherto been considered a member. In August, 1795, he
presided at a session of the Supreme Court, and in November started to hold a
circuit in North Carolina, when he was attacked by sickness, and his mind was
apparently affected. This, and the remembrance of his recent Charleston speech,
induced the Senate to refuse to confirm his nomination—a refusal by no means
disagreeable to the President, who was strongly in favor of
treaty. Mortification at this rejection extinguished the last remnant of
sanity, and he died in 1800 at the age of sixty-one.
The President then nominated as Chief Justice Judge
WILLIAM CUSHING of Massachusetts ; the nomination was confirmed ; but Mr.
CUSHING, after holding the commission a few days, resigned on ac-
count of ill health. As he never acted in that capacity his name does not
properly belong to the list of Chief Justices.
was then nominated and confirmed as Chief Justice. He was born at Windsor,
Connecticut, April 29, 1745. His studies commenced
at Yale, were completed at Princeton, where he graduated at the age of
twenty-three. For a time he was a teacher, then commenced the study of theology,
but subsequently decided on the profession
of law. He had then married, and his father gave him a farm of wild land and an
axe. While slowly working his way at the bar he cleared his wild farm with his
own hands. His early career gave no promise of future eminence ; but the first
upward steps once taken his progress was sure. He was appointed State's
Attorney, and yearly elected to the General Assembly. In 1777 he was chosen
delegate to Congress, in 1784 Judge of the Superior Court of Connecticut, and in
1789 Senator in Congress. In 1796 he was appointed Chief Justice
of the United States. His unquestioned probity and the soundness of his judicial
decisions gained him the highest respect. In 1799 he was sent, against his
wishes, as minister to France, though still retaining for two years his seat on
the bench. His health failing he resigned his office in 1801. He died November
26, 1807, at the age of sixty-two.
JOHN MARSHALL, the
most eminent of our Chief Justices, was born in Fauquier County, Virginia,
September 24, 1755. His father was a farmer in narrow circumstances, but of
decided ability. There were no schools in what was then the frontier region,
and the early education of the future Chief Justice was conducted by his father,
aided for about a year by the clergyman of the parish, with whom he began to
read Horace and Livy. By his own unaided exertions he subsequently became a fair
classical scholar, and was intimately acquainted with English literature. He had
just begun the study of law when the war of the Revolution broke out. In 1775 he
was appointed lieutenant in a company
of minute men. He afterward became captain
in a Virginia regiment of the Continental army, and was present at the battles
of Brandywine, Germantown, and Monmouth. He pursued his legal studies at
intervals during the war, and at its close commenced practice. He soon rose to
the bar and in politics. He was one of the small but distinguished body of men
through whose influence Virginia was induced to accept the Federal
Constitution. In 1794 WASHINGTON
offered him the post of Attorney-General, and subsequently
the mission to France. Both offers were declined.
The French Government having refused to receive. Mr. PINCKNEY
as minister, Mr. ADAMS,
who was then President, appointed Mr. MARSHALL
as one of three envoys to that country. Shortly after his return he yielded to
the personal solicitations
and consented to become a candidate for Congress. President ADAMS
at the same time offered him a seat on the bench of the Supreme Court, which was
declined. He was elected
to Congress, after a sharp contest, taking his seat
in December, 1799. During the excited session
which followed he was one of the ablest supporters of
the administration of Mr. ADAMS.
In May, 1800, he was nominated and confirmed as Secretary of War; but he
declined to accept the appointment. Shortly
after he accepted the post of Secretary of State. On the 31st of January, 1801,
he was appointed Chief Justice of the United States, a position which he held
for thirty-five years, until his death in July, 1835, at the age of eighty
years. His unquestioned character, sound judgment, and felicitous diction, added
to the long period during which he held his seat, and the magnitude of the
questions which came before him for decision, entitle Mr. MARSHALL beyond
all question to the first place in the noble list of our Chief Justices. Besides
his judicial labors
he was the author of a History of the American
Colonies, and of a Life of Washington, which we must still regard as the best
ROGER BROOKE TANEY
was born in Calvert County, Maryland, March 17, 1777. In 1831 President
him Attorney-General of the United States. Two years later Mr. DUANE,
then Secretary of the Treasury, refused to remove the Government deposits from
the United States Bank; he was removed, and Mr. TANEY
in his place. The Senate refused to confirm the nomination ; but in the mean
while Mr. TANEY
had obeyed the orders of the President and removed the deposits. JACKSON
then nominated him as Associate
Justice of the Supreme Court, to fill a vacancy
occasioned by the resignation of Judge DUVAL.
The Senate refused to confirm the nomination.
died in 1835, and
once nominated Mr. TANEY
for the place. The Democrats having now a majority in the Senate confirmed the
nomination, and Mr. TANEY
became Chief Justice—a position which he retained until his death, October 12,
1864, a period of twenty-seven years. Chief Justice TANEY
is best known by his famous "decision," or rather "opinion,"
in the Dred Scott case, in which, going beyond the question
before the Court, he endeavored to settle the general question of the
persons of African descent in the United States. Undeserved obloquy
has been attached to him on account of a sentence in this opinion which
apparently affirmed that blacks had no rights which whites were bound to
respect. The context shows that this was the very reverse of the meaning
intended to be conveyed
by Judge TANEY. He says that it is now difficult to realize the state of opinion
on this subject held at the formation of our Government. Blacks were then
regarded as beings of an inferior order, "and so far inferior that they had no
rights which the white man was bound to respect." This outrageous
sentiment is mentioned only to be impliedly condemned. The "opinion" of the
Chief Justice, harsh enough as he gave it, being to the effect that no person
whose ancestors were imported to this country and sold as slaves had any right
to sue in a court of the United States, or could become citizens of the United
States, It is due to the honor of our highest judicial tribunal to state that
the opinion of
the Chief Justice did not affirm, but did by plain implication condemn, the
doctrine that such persons " had no rights which whites were bound to respect."
Mr. TANEY'S last notable public act was in May, 1861, when the case of John
Merryman came before him. This man was arrested near Baltimore, on charge of
being an officer in a company raised to aid the rebellion. He was imprisoned by
the military authorities in Fort M'Henry. He prayed for a writ of habeas corpus,
which was granted by Judge TANEY. General CADWALADER, the commander, refused to
obey, on the ground that the execution of the writ of habeas corpus had been
suspended by the President in the State of Maryland. The Judge issued an order
for the arrest of General CADWALADER. The Marshal was not allowed to serve the
writ. Judge TANEY thereupon prepared an opinion, denying the right of the
President to suspend the writ, and affirming that it was the duty of all
military officers to obey it. He added that if the officer had been brought
before him he should have punished him by fine and imprisonment ; but as he had
no force capable of carrying his order into effect, he should report the whole
case to the President, and call
upon him to enforce the process of the court. No further action was had
on the case. Mr. TANEY died October 12, 1864, at the age of eighty-seven, having
filled the chief judicial chair of the nation for twenty-seven years. He owed
his appointment to the purely partisan services which he rendered to President
JACKSON. As a jurist he can not be ranked with the great men who had occupied
his seat before him. His judicial integrity has never been impeached, even in
the case of his unfortunate opinion in the Dred Scott case, or the later and
equally unfortunate course in the Merryman case, by which he will be chiefly
remembered in after years.
SALMON PORTLAND CHASE, now Chief Justice of
the United States, was born in Cornish, New Hampshire, January 13, 1808. His
father having died, he was sent at the age of twelve to Ohio, and placed under
the care of his uncle, Bishop CHASE. After studying for a year at Cincinnati
College, he entered
Dartmouth College in New Hampshire, from which he graduated in 1829. He went to
Washington, where he opened
a school, at the same time studying law under the direction of WILLIAM WIRT.
Having been admitted to the bar, he went to Cincinnati,
and entered upon the practice of his profession.
To this for some years he applied himself exclusively, taking no prominent part
in politics, although he belonged to the
Democratic party. In 1841 he first took
a decided part in politics. He was then a member of the Convention of those
opposed to the further extension of slavery, and was the author
of the Address unanimously adopted by that body. He took a prominent part in all
the subsequent movements
having this end in view, and was President of the Free Soil Democratic
Convention at Buffalo in 1848. The Democratic party hi Ohio had at this time
assumed the position of hostility to slavery in the Territories. Mr. CHASE was
chosen United States Senator in February, 1849, receiving the votes of all the
Democratic members of the Legislature,
together with those of others who were in favor of free soil. Though elected as
a Democrat, he declared that if the party withdrew from its position
in regard to slavery he should withdraw from it. This he did formally in
consequence of the action of
the Democratic Convention held at Baltimore
in 1852. When the Republican party was organized
Mr. CHASE took the position of one of its acknowledged leaders. Soon after the
close of his Senatorial term in 1855 he was elected Governor of Ohio. He was
re-elected, his second term closing in 1860. In the Republican Convention at
Chicago in that year he was next after
Mr. LINCOLN and
Mr. SEWARD the leading
candidate for the Presidency. He had in the mean time been again elected to the
Senate of the United States, and had he taken his place would undoubtedly have
been the leader in that body. But he resigned his seat in order to accept the
position of Secretary of the Treasury—a position for which he was especially
pointed out by the success of his financial policy while Governor of Ohio. It is
honorable to all the persons that the three leading competitors of Mr.
LINCOLN for the Presidential nomination should have
received and accepted his nomination as members of
his Cabinet. As the Presidential canvass of 1864 approached a strong effort was
made to bring forward Mr. CHASE. as the Union candidate ; but the current of
popular feeling was so unmistakably in favor of the re-election of Mr. LINCOLN
that Mr. CHASE refused to become a candidate, and gave his cordial support to
Mr. LINCOLN. Meanwhile, finding
that Congress hesitated to carry out the financial
system which he proposed, Mr. CHASE had on the 30th of June, 1864, resigned the
post of Secretary of the
Treasury. Almost the first important public act of Mr. LINCOLN after his
re-election has been to appoint Mr. CHASE to the most important position within
the executive nomination. Mr. CHASE enters upon the duties of his high office at
the age of fifty-six, with a sound legal reputation, and with a physical vigor
which gives reason to hope that he may be able to perform its duties for a
period as long as that of his predecessor.
The Supreme Court of the United States consists of a Chief Justice, with a
salary of $6500, and nine Associate Justices, with salaries of $6000. It holds
one session annually at Washington, commencing on the first Monday of December.
For judicial purposes the United States are divided into ten circuits, in each
of which a Circuit Court is held twice a year for each State by one of the
Justices of the Supreme Court, and by the District Judge of the State or
District. The following is a list of the Justices of the Court, with the date of
their several appointments :
Chief Justice.—SALMON P. CHASE, of Ohio, 1864.
Associate Justices. —
JOHN CATRON, Tennessee,
NATHAN CLIFFORD, Maine, 1858.
DAVID DAVIS, Illinois, 1863. STEPHEN J.
ROBERT C. GRIER, Pennsylvania,
SAMUEL F. MILLER, Iowa, 1862.
SAMUEL NELSON, New York, 1845.
SWAYNE, Ohio, 1862. JAMES M. WAYNE, Georgia, 1835.
CAPTURE OF PLYMOUTH, N. C.
WE engrave on
page 820 four illustrations relating to the recent Capture of
Plymouth, North Carolina. One of these gives a view on the Roanoke River, on
which Plymouth is situated; the others relate to the battle which resulted in
the capture of the city, and the appearance of the rebel ram Albemarle after the
blowing off of her casemate.
On Monday morning, October 31, the fleet, under Commodore MACOMB, having
succeeded in making the passage up Middle River into the Roanoke, two miles
above Plymouth, formed in line of battle and steamed down the river at 11. A.M.,
in the following order : Hull,
Shamrock, Otsego, Wyalusing, Tacony, and tugs Martin and Baisly. The Hull
is an old New York ferry-boat, and has been in a great many fights, always doing
good service. She was sent ahead, being able to fire two heavy guns directly
forward. She signaled that all was right, and the fleet steamed on, the pilot
picking his way among the obstructions. As it rounded a bend it encountered a
battery of 9-inch guns half a mile distant. As each ship came within range a
terrific broadside of grape and canister was delivered within their works,
driving all from before it. Three more batteries
were then encountered and engaged, while the rifle-pits and store-houses
along the water front of the town were filled with sharp shooters. The Hull
seemed ready to lift into the air from the explosions
around her and beneath her guards. She stopped, and the Shamrock dashed
past, and as her steering gear was
disabled she was severely cut up, and many dead
and wounded crowded her deck. Thus the fight went on till the rebel
magazine was exploded, scattering timbers in all directions, and setting the
town on fire in several places. From this moment the rebel fire slackened, and a
party landing from the ships took possession of the forts, raising the Stars and
Stripes at 30 minutes past 12. The retreating rebels were pursued by shell from
the Tacony and Wyalusing, producing great slaughter among them : and within an
hour none remained except some fifty prisoners. The Albemarle was found sunk at
the wharf. The captain had endeavored to disable her as much as possible by
exploding a torpedo in her casemate the day after she was sunk by
CUSHING. She now lies on the bottom, with only the upper part of her casemate
out of water, and the top of that blown completely off.
GRANT'S MILITARY RAILROAD.
page 821 we engrave a series of sketches, giving a plan of GRANT'S Military
Railroad from City Point on the
James River to Patrick's Station on the left,
with views of the several stations. The road follows it general the line of our intrenchments. The line is of such length as to render this rapid means of
communication a military necessity.
General GRANT first took a position in the rear of Richmond his
works, both offensive and defensive, have reached a high degree of elaboration.
Besides this railroad there is a "gridiron" of corduroy roads running in every
HOMES OF REBEL WOMEN.
THE interesting illustrations of the Homes of Rebel Women, sketched by WILLIAM
WAUD and given on pages 824 and
825, may be relied on for their perfect accuracy, being drawn from life.
General BUTLER'S Provost-Marshal visited the different houses on or near
our picket line to remove families, sending them through the lines at Suffolk,
our artist accompanied him. He writes : " I never saw such destitution. The
centre picture, the girl and baby in cradle, was one of the first we visited.
Her husband and all her male relatives were in the Southern army, and she was
alone, with nothing in the shape of food or drink in the hut, sitting sadly,
rocking her child beside the cold and empty fire place.
"In another house we found a woman with a number of little children, stooping
over a wretched fire parching corn, the sole thing eatable in the house.
" In another, two girls were rubbing corn on sheets of tin nailed to boards, a
rude contrivance for manufacturing meal. In this house we found a man, but he
was in bed, helpless with rheumatism. The middle lower sketch is the outside of
the last named hut, and is a fair representation of style of residence inhabited
by these unfortunates.
" In another house the women were aged, and nearly as helpless as the children
who surrounded them. However, they were spinning and doing some kind of needle
work, which, they said, had formerly supported them. The room shown was their
bedchamber, kitchen, sitting room, all in one.
The woman taking the oath of allegiance is one living within our lines, and
being destitute, draws rations from the Commissary Department. By a late order
all persons living within our lines above the age of sixteen, male or female,
must take the oath of allegiance to
the United States or go through the lines.
"The sketch of shell bursting in a house is an incident that occured lately. In
the house shown in the sketch of the fight near our rifle-pits a lady was badly
wounded, and two children slightly, by the bursting of a shell, which also
killed her dog: and her boy was wounded by a Minie ball. In all the houses we
visited we found no males between fifteen and fifty."
THE two illustrations on
page 829 refer us to scenes of frequent occurrence
along the border lino separating the Union and Rebel armies, and in the border
States, The northern portion of Missouri is more infested with this scourge than
any other section. There the citizens of the same State are arrayed against each
other. The most daring guerrilla operations of this war have been performed by
MOSBY in the east, and by
MORGAN and his fellows in the west.
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On November 30, 2020, the top decision-making body of the Chinese Communist Party convened to review regulations to improve China's "combat effectiveness" (See APPENDIX). Without explicit mention of China's strategic capabilities, the meeting emphasized Xi Jinping Thought and loyalty to the Party as guiding tenets in strengthening its armed forces. As the Chairman of the Central Military Commission, Xi Jinping presided over the Politburo meeting and emphasized China's need to "prepare for war by integrating political works into all links [chain of command] of combat effectiveness." While calls to enhance China's war-readiness have become clichés in statements issued by the CCP, this meeting offers a prescient reminder of where the true loyalties of China's regular forces lie. That is, to the Party - not to the people.
Army Political Work
As the first order of business, the meeting discussed revisions to the "Regulations on Political Work in the Army." Professing that political work is the "lifeline of the PLA," the meeting affirmed the "Party's absolute leadership over the military" - a tacit acknowledgement of the subordinate status of the PLA to the will of the CCP. Later in the discussion, attendees committed to persisting in applying Xi Jinping Thought in order to "ensure absolute loyalty, absolute purity, and absolute reliability" of the armed forces.
Party allegiance is an inalienable priority for the CCP, as the PLA is first and foremost the military wing of the Party. Only after its victory in the Chinese Civil War did the PLA also became the regular armed force of the PRC, however its unique Party-Army relationship remains. Accordingly, the PLA is obliged to follow the dictates of the Party and all servicepeople swear an enlistment oath to "obey the leadership of the Communist Party of China." As one of the founders of the forerunner to the PLA, Chairman Mao Zedong summarized his doctrine of absolute civilian control as "the Party commands the gun; the gun must never command the Party." Endowed with its mandate to defend the Party and the PRC from threats within and without, the Party has an imperative to ensure loyalty and ideological cohesion within the ranks of the PLA.
United Front Work Department
The second set of revisions related to the role of the "Regulations on the United Front Work Department," alluding to an official organ of the CCP that is responsible for coordinating domestic and foreign influence operations to support Party objectives. The meeting affirmed the role of the United Front Work Department as a "magic weapon" and urged for the Party Central Committee to "strengthen the planning and deployment in their respective regions and departments." Through emphasizing the importance of the United Front Word Department in complementing China's strategic capabilities, the Politburo has signaled its intent to wage hybrid warfare to achieve its objectives.
Established in 1942, the United Front Work Department has supported the military on numerous occasions through espionage, fundraising, exerting political influence, and disseminating propaganda, including during World War II and the Chinese Civil War. More recently, the UFWD has also been deployed to pacify the restive regions of Xinjiang and Tibet. The UFWD's foreign operations have attracted global condemnation for covertly attempting to build influence and cultivate support for the CCP, especially among the Chinese diaspora. Flexing its reach and responsiveness, UFWD-linked organizations in multiple countries were activated in early 2020 to purchase and export medical supplies to support China's response to the COVID-19 pandemic. As a non-combatant political force, the UFWD represents a hybrid complementary to China's regular warfighting capabilities.
The third and final category of "regulations" discussed in the meeting focused on consolidating the authority of the Party and its members in leading the PLA. The meeting reinforcing the leadership of party members within the PLA and encouraged them to "consciously play a vanguard and exemplary role" in "fighting against all actions that may shake the foundation of the party and hinder the party's cause." In doing so, the Politburo intends for party members to "create a clean political ecology" by uprooting dissent and assuring allegiance to the Party. Acknowledging that not all PLA servicepeople are Party members, they are nonetheless expected to "respect the dominant status of party members and inspire Party members to participate in Party building." By elevating the status of Party elements and urging vigilance against the Party's enemies, the CCP likely hopes to consolidate its powerbase within the PLA to ensure its own survival.
The tension in defining and consolidating the Part-Army relationship is squarely situated in the broader discourse around "military nationalization" in China. Emerging in prominence in the 1980s, reformist elements within the Party and PLA advocated for the processes of "military nationalization" or "depoliticization", whereby the PLA would move away from its role as guarantor of the CCP's political power. This policy found precedent in the Nationalist government of China after World War II, and prior to 2014 the Party tolerated discussion on this process within official and scholarly circles. In recent years however, the Chinese propaganda machine and academics have vocally attacked this concept - calling for the Party and PLA to "resolutely reject nationalization of the armed forces". In an attempt to censure discussion of 'military nationalisation', the topic is now taboo and has been deemed as an attempt to "overthrow the CCP's ruling position and subvert the system".
'Prepare For War'
Notwithstanding the provocative overtones inherent in calls to "prepare for war", this is nothing new. At the risk of becoming a cliché, variations of this message have predictably featured in press-releases for many years – typically following a high-level engagement between Xi Jinping and the PLA. In October this year, Xi Jinping called on the PLA to "put all minds and energy on preparing for war," echoing the message he delivered in May this year for the PLA to "explore ways of training and preparing for war." Likewise, Xi's first order to the PLA in 2019 was for it to "prepare for a comprehensive military struggle," while in October 2018 he advised the Southern Theatre Command of the PLA to "prepare for war."
While the outcomes of this Politburo meeting are not strong indicators of an impending conflict, it nonetheless serves as an unambiguous reminder that China has significantly bolstered its military capabilities in order to credibly realize its domestic and foreign policy objectives by force, if necessary. The meeting should also alert observers to the Politburo's willingness to use hybrid warfare through its regular armed forces and non-combatant United Front Work Department to militate against threats from within and from without. Above all, this meeting reaffirms the Party's ongoing efforts to consolidate its political and ideological support from within the ranks of the PLA to ensure the stability and longevity of CCP rule.
Within the ideological framework of Communist revolution to which the CCP ascribes, the recurrence of rhetoric designed to keep the PLA on 'war-footing' is unsurprising. However, China has also taken concrete steps to enhance its 'preparedness' for war: China now boasts a numerically larger navy than the U.S., has developed hypersonic missiles capable of evading interception, and has reformed its personnel to become a leaner and more technological "world-class army". The completion of China's homegrown global navigation satellite system, BeiDou, also offers China's military unprecedented functionality and strategic independence from foreign systems. Taken together, these strides to modernize China's armed forces do indeed corroborate Xi Jinping's stated aim of preparing for war and enhancing the PLA's combat effectiveness.
*Heath Sloane is MEMRI's Chinese Media Studies Project research fellow.
APPENDIX - The Political Bureau Of The CCP Central Committee Meets To Review These 3 Important Documents- Chinanews.com, December 1, 2020
"The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting on November 30 to review the documents: 'Regulations on Political Work in the Army,' 'Regulations on the Work of the United Front of the Communist Party of China,' and 'Regulations on the Protection of the Rights of Party Members of the Communist Party of China.' Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting.
'Army Political Work Regulations'
"The meeting pointed out that political work is the lifeline of the people's army and can only be strengthened, but not weakened. The revision of the 'Regulations on Political Work in the Army' is of great significance for realizing the party's goal of strengthening the army in the new era and building the people's army into a world-class army.
"It is necessary to adhere to the fundamental principles and system of the party's absolute leadership over the military, fully and thoroughly implement the responsibility system of the chairman of the Military Commission, persist in using Xi Jinping Thought on strengthening the military to forge souls and educate people, and ensure absolute loyalty, absolute purity and absolute reliability.
"It is necessary to strengthen the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee and the Central Military Commission, consolidate the responsibility of party organizations at all levels to lead political work, and ensure the effective implementation of various political tasks.
"It is necessary to focus on concentrating efforts to prepare for war, integrating political work into all links of combat effectiveness building, and integrating it into the entire process of preparing for military struggle, and using rigid measures to promote the establishment of standards for combat effectiveness in the entire army.
"It is necessary to adhere to the fundamental principles and systems of political work, actively promote concepts of political work, operating models, guidance methods, innovative methods and means, and promote a high degree of integration between the advantages of traditional political work and information technology.
"It is necessary to continue to maintain a pure political ecology, adhere to the comprehensive strict governance of the Party and the military, and resolutely rectify formalism and bureaucracy.
'Regulations On The United Front Work Of The Communist Party Of China'
"The meeting pointed out that the revision of the 'Regulations on the United Front Work of the Communist Party of China' is an important task for the Party Central Committee to administer the Party strictly and in accordance with the rules. It is an important measure to consolidate and deepen the spirit of reform of the Party and state institutions in the field of the United Front. In the new era, it is an inevitable requirement to bring the magic weapon of the United Front into full play.
"It is necessary to strengthen the Party's centralized and unified leadership over United Front work, to form a situation whereby the whole Party does United Front work, and raise the level of scientization, standardization, and institutionalization of United Front work.
"Party committees (party groups) at all levels must thoroughly study and implement the 'Regulations on the United Front Work of the Communist Party of China', comprehensively and accurately study and understand the theories, principles and policies of the United Front, earnestly fulfill the main responsibility of United Front work, strengthen the planning and deployment of United Front work in their respective regions and departments, truly develop the United Front, carry out United Front work well, unite all forces that can be united, and mobilize all positive factors that can be mobilized to promote the continuous consolidation and development of the patriotic cause of the United Front.
'Regulations On The Protection Of The Rights Of Party Members Of The Communist Party Of China'
"The meeting pointed out that the timely revision of the 'Regulations on the Protection of the Rights of Party Members of the Communist Party of China' is conducive to fully embodying the advantages of our Party's leadership system and bringing into play the main role of Party members.
"The broad masses of party members must correctly understand and handle the dialectical unity between obligations and rights, responsibilities and accountability, exercising rights and observing discipline.
"The exercise of Party members' rights must be predicated on the fulfillment of obligations, responsibility and discipline.
"Party organizations at all levels must strengthen organizational leadership over the implementation of the regulations, make great efforts to study and conduct propaganda, carry out regular education on the obligations and rights of Party members, strictly implement the main responsibilities, improve the system and mechanisms, strengthen its execution, ensure that various safeguards are implemented and encourage Party members to consciously play a role as a vanguard and example in the new journey.
"It is necessary to guide Party members to carry out democratic supervision, take a clear-cut stand in fighting against unhealthy trends and corruption, fight against all actions that may shake the foundations of the Party and hinder the Party's cause, so as to create a clean political ecology.
"It is necessary to implement the requirement of the 'Three Distinctions', to encourage Party members to explore boldly, be diligent and dedicated, dare to take responsibility, do things practically, and promptly clarify and rectify the names of those who have been framed with false accusations.
"Leading cadres at all levels, especially the leading comrades in charge, should take the lead in implementing the provisions of the regulations. They must not only set benchmarks and examples in fulfilling their obligations and exercising their rights, but also respect the dominant status of Party members and stimulate their enthusiasm, initiative and creativity to devote themselves to Party building and the Party's cause."
Qi Biao [齐彪], Why Must We Resolutely Reject 'Nationalization of the Armed Forces'? [为什么要坚决抵制 '军队国家化'],” PLA Daily [解放军报], May 7, 2009.
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What’s Happening This Week
There is much more to explore in our calendar. Find other important events in literary history, authors' birthdays, and a variety of holidays, each with related lessons and resources.
Looking for age-appropriate book recommendations, author interviews, and fun activity ideas? Check out our podcasts.
Henry David Thoreau was born in 1817.
|Grades||1 – 12|
|Calendar Activity Type||Author & Text|
Henry David Thoreau was born on July 12, 1817. Thoreau is best known for his book Walden, which chronicles the two years that he lived in a small hut near the edge of Walden Pond.
Take your class on a nature walk near your school, or have them focus on a natural setting nearby. As students walk or view the setting, ask them to take note of the details of the surroundings and make a mental "snapshot" of the location in their minds.
Once they return to class, have students write their notes during a focused writing session, making sure to capture the details of the setting. After the initial writing session, students can revise and polish their writing and create a class booklet of the nature walk, using the ReadWriteThink Printing Press.
- Poets.org: Henry David Thoreau
This biography of Thoreau, published by the Academy of American Poets, links to a collection of online texts including Walden.
- Walden Pond Exhibit
After reading passages from Walden with your students, have them compare Thoreau's description of the pond with the photographs on this website.
- American Transcendentalism Web: Henry David Thoreau
This entry on Thoreau includes a complete biography with links to related materials and readings. The site provides extensive information about Thoreau, including links about his work as a surveyor and pencil maker.
- How to Keep a Field Journal
Students can keep a record of their own nature observations in a field journal, as described in this resource from the American Museum of Natural History. A number of diverse example pages, including drawings, charts, and narrative observations from the field journals of actual scientists, are included.
Grades K – 2 | Lesson Plan | Standard Lesson
Boom! Br-r-ring! Cluck! Moo!Everywhere you turn, you find exciting sounds. Students use these sounds to write their own poems based on Dr. Seuss's Mr. Brown Can MOO! Can You?
Grades 3 – 5 | Lesson Plan | Unit
Students whose first language is not English reflect on nature through readings, a visit to a green area, and bookmaking using the writing process and peer feedback.
Grades 9 – 12 | Lesson Plan | Unit
Using excerpts from the works of Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, comics, and songs from different musical genres, students examine the characteristics of transcendentalism.
Grades 9 – 12 | Lesson Plan | Standard Lesson
Students work together to create their own utopias, using blogs as the primary source of publication.
Grades 6 – 8 | Lesson Plan | Unit
Students take their ideas from the classroom page to the community pavement when they participate in a service-learning project based on their multimedia presentations.
Grades 4 – 8 | Lesson Plan | Minilesson
Students practice writing detailed, sensory-rich descriptions by framing a small piece of nature and freewriting about it. From this minilesson, students can develop a variety of types of writing.
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Law or Compliance Standard ethical standards
In this unit, you will complete the research paper you began working on in Unit IV with the outline. Submit your research paper based on a law or compliance standard in the medical field where you must apply ethical standards to safeguard protected health information. Include the following components in your research paper:
- Identify your chosen law or compliance standard, and provide a brief description of what it covers.
- Provide at least two workplace scenarios in which your chosen law or standard must be applied.
- In these scenarios, discuss recommendations for protecting health information.
- Explain how advance directives may apply in each scenario.
This research paper must be at least three pages in length and include at least three outside sources, one of which must come from the CSU Online Library. Learn more about locating journal articles from the CSU Online Library at this link. You are not required to have a title page for this research paper. Adhere to APA Style when creating citations and references for this assignment. APA formatting, however, is not necessary.
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KWAME HOLMAN: It’s an unusual site for a memorial, tucked away between a highway and the Pentagon building itself. Yet, for families and friends of the 184 people killed in the 9/11 attack on the Pentagon seven years ago, the memorial opening tomorrow is the perfect place and a long-sought refuge for quiet reflection.
Tom Heidenberger’s wife, Michele, was the senior flight attendant on American Airlines Flight 77 when it crashed into the Pentagon’s western wall.
TOM HEIDENBERGER, Husband of 9/11 victim: It allows me or affords me a place to go, other than a cemetery, to look at a memorial or tombstone. It allows me, at the same time, to come here to, in many respects, in a very nice, fond way, remember the 30 years that I had with Michele, remember our two children, at the same time, reflect, so to speak, on what happened that day.
KWAME HOLMAN: The memorial, located on two acres parallel to the deadly flight path, is understated, the bulk of it 184 cantilevered granite-covered benches, each etched with the name of one of the 59 people killed on board the plane or the other 125 who lost their lives at the Pentagon that day.
Beneath every bench, a small reflecting pool, which will be lit by night. The benches are organized along a timeline of the birth years of the victims, from youngest to oldest. Their arrangement indicates where the person died and is meant to tell the story of what happened that day.
The Pentagon 9/11 memorial was created by Julie Beckman and her husband, Keith Kaseman. Their design was chosen from among more than 1,000 considered.
JULIE BECKMAN, Memorial Co-Designer: The names are inscribed at the end of a cantilever, and when you read the name of an individual and the Pentagon is in the background of your view, that indicates that that person was in the Pentagon at the time of their death. Conversely, like in this unit here, when you read their name at the end of the cantilever, and you see the sky in the background, that means they were on board Flight 77.
KWAME HOLMAN: Kaseman says the various elements — benches, water pools, paperbark maple trees, and larger perimeter bench — together were meant to create a tone.
KEITH KASEMAN, Memorial Co-Designer: Ultimately, that was the bottom line, was that this is an invitation for contemplative thought and interpretation. So, all those elements add up to this — to this quiet place.
Minimalist design elicits thought
KWAME HOLMAN: On the day we visited, Tom Heidenberger and others agreed.
TOM HEIDENBERGER: We want something better to come out of that ugly day. And, if you look at this park, at this memorial, as beautiful as it is on this overcast day, it tells a story. You hear the rushing of the water. You hear the peacefulness.
And the idea is to have something positive come out of the ugliness and the horrificness of that day. And, if you look about you, I think we have been successful. And Michele, most likely, is sitting here with me right now, saying, you know, job well done.
KWAME HOLMAN: The Pentagon 9/11 memorial is the first to be completed. Efforts still are under way at ground zero in New York and in Shanksville, Pennsylvania.
Unlike the World Trade Center site, here, there were no business or legal obstacles to hold back development. The Pentagon memorial's designers and committees needed to deal with only one major player: the Department of Defense.
JIM LAYCHAK, President, Pentagon Memorial Fund: There was no question that the Pentagon was going to be rebuilt, and it was rebuilt in a year or so. We had a lot of different things going for us.
KWAME HOLMAN: Jim Laychak heads the Pentagon Memorial Fund, which raised most of the more than $20 million cost of the project through individual and corporate donations. Federal funds made up a small percentage.
The name of Laychak's brother David is on one of the memorial's benches.
JIM LAYCHAK: As one family member put it, the site was chosen that day, you know, because it's right near the impact site. We also knew that we couldn't have any kind of enclosed space, because you're right next to the building -- or to the Pentagon, so those two things, I believe, helped drive the simplicity of it.
KWAME HOLMAN: Throughout the design process, the architects consulted with family members, such as Laychak and Heidenberger.
JULIE BECKMAN: It was their idea to have a memorial. They selected the spot for it. We -- we brought them in on certain design decisions, where we were happy with one way or the other, but we really wanted them to have a say in -- in the final decision.
JIM LAYCHAK: I think that a lot of family members said that -- I have felt it -- that, as you walk in this place, you lose yourself in it and you kind of make a connection, you know, with the people that -- that have died. So, I think that's what makes this place special.
TOM HEIDENBERGER: Fortunately, today, it's overcast. But, on days like yesterday, crystal clear, crisp, blue, I'm always reminded of that day.
You will never get over it. You will never forget. It's all a function of coping and managing it. And, as Michele always said, life is for the living. Surviving is for the living.
KWAME HOLMAN: The president and the current and former secretaries of defense are to help dedicate the memorial on the seventh anniversary of the attacks. It opens to the public tomorrow night, and will remain open 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
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Ribozymes and siRNA for the treatment of diseases of the nervous system.
Wood MJ., Trülzsch B., Abdelgany A., Beeson D.
Recent advances in our understanding of RNA biology have focused attention on the potential of developing RNA-based strategies to treat human disease. Naturally occurring catalytic RNA molecules (ribozymes), their synthetic DNA counterparts (deoxyribozymes or DNAzymes), as well as the exciting, emerging technology of small interfering RNA which utilizes the highly conserved cellular RNA interference pathway, are being developed for therapeutic gene silencing purposes. The challenges for the application of this technology to neurological disease will be to identify appropriate disease targets, and to optimize the function, and particularly delivery of these RNA-based therapeutic molecules within the complex environment of the nervous system. This review will assess the potential of these RNA-based therapeutic strategies and the challenges ahead in their application to the treatment of neurological disease.
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Tour For Literacy
We are frequently asked for information about local Garden Clubs. We are not a garden club. Our total work is to put on an annual garden tour and to distribute our profits to Literacy Grants.
For information on local garden clubs contact the Washington State Federation of Garden Clubs at www.wagardenclubs.com Or you could call Shahla Waniska at 253-514-6677 (Home) 979-220-1066 (Cell). She is president of a local club, Horsehead Bay Garden Club, as well as the treasurer of the Tacoma Federation. She can tell you about the Horsehead Bay club and, if their membership is full, she can connect you with other clubs in Gig Harbor!
History of the Gig Harbor Garden Tour
The Gig Harbor Garden Tour began in 1998. It was conceived by a group of passionate gardeners as a way for the community to share appreciation of the many wonderful gardens in Gig Harbor. After a founding member learned that her gardener could not read, the group also became passionate about adult literacy. They partnered with the Adult Basic Skills program at the Gig Harbor Branch of Tacoma Community College to invest tour proceeds in fostering literacy in adults of all ages. Tacoma Community College provided the administration and the dedicated volunteers provided all the support needed to actually put on the tour. The arrangement continued until 2011 when the Gig Harbor Garden Tour incorporated as a non-profit organization. They continued to support Adult Literacy efforts of TCC and also began supporting youth literacy through the Reach out and Read program of Pediatrics Northwest and Communities in Schools Peninsula. In 2013 TCC discontinued the Adult Literacy Program and the Gig Harbor Garden Tour Association began funding a variety of literacy programs in local schools and community organizations including the library and boys and girls club.
Our mission is to provide annually a quality garden tour to promote literacy for children and adults on the Gig Harbor and Key Peninsula.
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On March 10, 2012, Andrea Pino says she was raped at an off-campus party. She wasn't drunk and was only there to look after a friend, but because she suffered a concussion during the assault, she says she doesn't remember much beyond a hazy walk from the party back to her dorm room.
"I just woke up in my bed covered in blood and not knowing what happened," said Pino, now a junior at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill. Today she still doesn't know who he was.
She says she's suffered depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, but when she applied for medical withdrawal from her classes, Pino said the Academic Advising office told her she was "being lazy." Over the next several months, Pino heard similar tales from more than 60 other sexual assault survivors at UNC.
On Wednesday, Pino and UNC alumna Annie Clark, supported by fellow UNC student Landen Gambill -- all sexual assault survivors -- filed a formal complaint with the U.S. Department of Education's Office of Civil Rights on behalf of themselves and those 64 other victims, whose names are being kept confidential. Their complaint alleges UNC violated assault survivors' rights under the Campus Sexual Assault Victims' Bill of Rights, the Clery Act and the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), and equal opportunity mandates under Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, Titles VI and VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act.
They claim that UNC often acts as though no assault has taken place, protecting alleged rapists while victimizing students and disenfranchising assault survivor advocates.
Jonathan Sauls, dean of students at UNC-Chapel Hill, said they could not comment directly on any of the students' allegations because they have not yet been contacted by the U.S. Department of Education.
"We do take the issue of sexual assault seriously and have worked hard to respond to allegations of sexual misconduct with a process that is fair, effective and provides appropriate support and due process to both the accuser and the accused," Sauls said.
The university's treatment of sexual assault victims is among the reasons that UNC Associate Dean of Students Melinda Manning tendered her resignation last month. Manning told The Huffington Post that victims have been asked inappropriate questions or have been blamed for the incident. In one of the cases, she said, "it was judged because they had past consensual sex with that individual," there was consent and therefore no assault. She believes many students who sought help from the university wished that they had never done so.
"It's absolutely heartbreaking," Manning said. "Our job is to help these students, not hurt them."
When Clark tried to get help, she says a counselor told her, "Rape is like football, and you're the quarterback; when you look back on a game, Annie, how would you have done things differently?"
Gambill says she went to the Dean of Students Office to report an abusive ex-boyfriend for stalking in March 2012. She filed a complaint with the university's Honor Court system in the hopes that it'd be faster and less complicated than the legal system. But when the trial came in May, Gambill said the students and faculty on the Honor Court were focused on why she hadn't done anything to stop the alleged abuse. Gambill recounted one female student on the Honor Court who said that as a woman, she would have broken up with the alleged abuser after the first incident.
"I expected that I would be believed and trusted, and that they wouldn't doubt my story and try to devaluate my story," Gambill said.
Gambill hadn't told her parents the "horrific and disturbing" truth, but she claims her student Honor Court representative did so without permission. While Gambill testified at her trial, she says her student rep gave her parents a confidential document she had written, which was intended to be used only as evidence in the Honor Court. "When I found out he had given it to them, I asked him why," Gambill said, recounting her outrage. She said that the student rep told her that he "thought they should know."
"It strained the relationship with my parents," Gambill said. "It definitely made their healing process more difficult."
Adam Goldstein, an attorney with the Student Press Law Center, said that the rep's actions would appear to be a clear violation of FERPA, a law meant to protect personal student records.
"This is one of the reasons ... law enforcement and the adjudication of rape cases in general does not lend itself to amateurs," Goldstein said.
Goldstein doesn't believe universities should evaluate allegations of sexual assault at all, but should simply provide counseling and support to victims. "They aren't good at determining when it happens, and when they do, they don't handle it well," Goldstein said.
In the best-case scenario, an alleged rapist will still be walking the streets after a university issues disciplinary action in the case of a sexual assault, Goldstein said, whereas, in the legal system, the same result is usually the worst-case scenario.
Tim Longest, a UNC senior who's worked with the student government in various capacities, said the current system is "defensive toward perpetrators and discounts victims."
UNC recently stopped using the Honor Court system to handle sexual assaults, but Longest said that he's spoken to many victims who are confused about the recourses available to them. That confusion, he said, "perpetuates a culture of silence."
Clark said the complaint is intended to improve not only UNC, which she says the complainants still love, but to instigate broader changes nationwide.
"I want this case at UNC to affect policies that are in effect at Oregon," Clark said. "You hear about Amherst, then it dies down; you hear about Yale, then it dies down. We're tired of it just popping up and everyone saying it's really horrible and then nothing happens."
Need help? In the U.S., call 1-866-331-9474 or text "loveis" to 77054 for the National Dating Abuse Helpline.
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As for the news, we heard about:
- a natural pot-like compound that could fight obesity
- a crustacean that eats wood
- how a sewage leak might threaten the Buffalo National River
For the sound quiz, we listened to some creatures of the Buffalo River that might be affected by the sewage leak: Louisiana Waterthrush, Belted Kingfisher (one of my all time favortie birds!), Southern Leopard Frog, River Otter, and the Raccoon.
Artists featured included: Daft Punk, Ratatat, Can, Feist, The Microphones, TV on the Radio, The Flaming lips, Dinosaur Jr., Minuit, Robert Johnson, and a Hawk and a Hacksaw.
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Today, Camp Kitchen is a public swimming area and home to the Purser’s Cabin marking the end of the line for the Portage Flyer. This photo shows a different scene. Do you know what was in the park way back then? (Photo courtesy of Muskoka Digital Archives.)
This week, Huntsville was built on the lumber industry. By the 1890s, there were four lumber companies in town employing 175 men. Do you know who owned this mill or where it was located? (Photo courtesy of Muskoka Heritage Place.)
St. Mary’s Anglican Church is 130 years old – reportedly the oldest stone church in Muskoka. Do you have any memories of this quaint church?
This week, an 1875 pencil sketch of a young Huntsville by George Harlow White depicts a much different place than we know today. Oh, Huntsville, how you’ve grown! (Image courtesy of Toronto Public Library)
This week, Huntsville has long had a public library. Can you pick out the location of this one? What’s your favourite library memory?
This week, a vintage baseball game. Can you guess the year and where this diamond was? Bonus points if you can name any players on the team.
In this week’s photo: What would have had a camera crew filming this row of mostly swimsuit-clad women in Lake of Bays? Can you guess the occasion and the date?
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Cashew nuts are delicious, nutritious snacks made from the fruit of the cashew tree. They’re rich in protein and fiber and contain healthy fats. Cashews are often used in baking, salad dressings, dips, sauces, and smoothies.
Cashews are rich in essential nutrients and provide many benefits such as weight loss, heart health, brain function, kidney health, and skin care.
In this article, we will cover the importance of cashews in maintaining kidney health.
Are cashews good for kidneys?
Eating cashews in moderation is good for our kidneys as cashews are rich in essential nutrients that improve our kidney health.
Cashews contain many essential nutrients that improve our kidney health.
Some of them are as follows
1. Vitamin E
Vitamin E in cashews improves kidney function(1).
Research published in the Journal of Nephrology suggests that vitamin E supplements help prevent kidney stones.
Kidney stones form when minerals become concentrated in urine due to dehydration, poor diet, or certain medications. The most common type of stone is calcium oxalate, which forms when excess amounts of calcium and oxalic acid combine in the body. Oxalic acid is produced during the metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins.
Studies show that supplementing with vitamin E decreases the amount of oxalic acid in the urine (2), making it less likely that calcium oxalate crystals will form. This means that vitamin E may reduce the chances of forming kidney stones.
Researchers believe that vitamin E increases the excretion of oxalic acid through the kidneys. They theorize that this process prevents the formation of calcium oxalate crystals in the urine.
2. Vitamin K
Vitamin K in cashews plays a major role in keeping our kidneys healthy.
Vitamin K plays a role in preventing calcium stones (kidney stones) and reducing the risk of chronic kidney disease (3).
3. Vitamin C
Cashews contain vitamin C, which is essential for maintaining kidney health (4). Vitamin C helps prevent kidney stones and protects against damage to the kidneys caused by certain medications.
People who drink plenty of fluids and eat foods rich in vitamin C may reduce their risk of developing kidney stones.
But, too much vitamin C may increase the risk of chronic kidney disease.
4. Vitamin B3
Vitamin B3 in cashews has been shown to be beneficial for improving kidney health (5).
Vitamin B3 is an antioxidant that can protect your kidneys from oxidative stress. Oxidative stress occurs when free radicals build up inside cells. Free radicals cause cell damage and contribute to many diseases including heart disease, cancer, diabetes, arthritis, and Alzheimer’s disease.
Free radicals also play a role in causing kidney stones. Kidneys filter blood and remove waste products. When there is too much waste in the bloodstream, the kidneys have to work harder to get rid of it. Over time, this extra workload can lead to inflammation and scarring in the kidneys.
Oxidative stress can increase the likelihood of developing kidney stones. Antioxidants like vitamin B3 can help keep free radicals at bay.
Folate is another nutrient found in cashews that contributes to keeping our kidneys healthy (6) . Folate acid is one of several types of folic acids. It’s important because it helps produce red blood cells and other parts of the blood.
A study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition showed that people who ate more than 400 micrograms per day had a lower risk of developing kidney stones than those who consumed less than 200 micrograms per day.
A separate study published in the British Medical Journal showed that women who took supplements containing folic acid were less likely to develop kidney stones than women who did not take any supplements.
Cashews contain magnesium which is needed for the proper functioning of the body’s organs, including the kidneys (7). When your kidneys aren’t getting enough magnesium, they may become damaged over time.
Potassium is another mineral found in cashews that are needed for the proper function of the body’s organs, including the kidneys (8) . Potassium helps maintain fluid balance in the body. This is especially important during times of illness or physical activity.
When you don’t get enough potassium, your kidneys are forced to work overtime to regulate sodium levels in the body. If you’re already prone to high blood pressure, then having low potassium levels could make things worse.
However, keep in mind that too much potassium is bad for people with chronic kidney disease and also increases the risk of chronic kidney disease.
Calcium is yet another mineral found in cashew nuts that plays a vital role in keeping our kidneys healthy. Calcium helps strengthen bones and teeth. It also helps muscles contract properly.
When your kidneys aren’t getting enough calcium, they may become weak and unable to perform their job well.
Phosphorus is another mineral found in cashews that is important for maintaining good health. Phosphorus helps form the backbone of DNA and RNA. It also helps with energy production in the body.
When your kidneys aren’t getting sufficient amounts of phosphorus, they may be unable to do their jobs as effectively.
Zinc in cashews is an essential trace element that’s required by many enzymes in the body. Zinc is also necessary for the growth and maintenance of bone tissue.
When your kidneys are deficient in zinc, they may experience problems with protein metabolism.
Cashews contain copper, another trace element that is important for the proper functioning of all of the body’s systems. Copper helps keep the skin, hair, nails, eyes, ears, lungs, stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, heart, brain, and bones strong and healthy.
When your kidneys don’t have enough copper, they may not be able to process waste products correctly.
Although cashews are good for keeping our kidneys healthy, it is advised to eat cashews in moderation as they are high in oxalates that bind to minerals such as magnesium and potassium and decrease their absorption. In the long run, it may increase the risk of kidney stones.
To stay safe, eat cashews moderately.
This article has been backed by verified information from peer-reviewed and academic research papers, reputed organizations, research institutions, and medical associations to ensure accuracy and relevance. Although best efforts have been made to ensure the quality and correctness of the article, readers are advised to do their own research and make an informed decision. For any guidance, consult your doctor.
1 “Vitamin E may slow kidney failure owing to oxidative stress – PubMed.” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9754323/. Accessed 28 Jul. 2022.
3 “Role of Vitamin K in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Focus on Bone and ….” 9 May. 2022, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9099759/. Accessed 28 Jul. 2022.
4 “Evaluation of Vitamin C Supplementation on Kidney Function and ….” 15 Jul. 2016, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27415798/. Accessed 28 Jul. 2022.
5 “Niacin in patients with chronic kidney disease: Is it effective and safe?.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4716114/. Accessed 28 Jul. 2022.
6 “Efficacy of Folic Acid Therapy on the Progression of Chronic Kidney ….” 22 Aug. 2016, https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2544880. Accessed 28 Jul. 2022.
7 “Oral Magnesium Supplementation in Chronic Kidney Disease ….” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5678662/. Accessed 28 Jul. 2022.
8 “Potassium and Your CKD Diet – National Kidney Foundation.” https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/potassium. Accessed 28 Jul. 2022.
Bharat Sharma is a Delhi-based writer who loves reading and writing research-based topics revolving around health, fitness, and nutrition. His love for writing started during his teenage and continues till date. After his graduation, he worked for GE Money, and IBM, but later found his true love i.e. blogging.
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Our Sustainability Policy sets out effective management of health, safety, carbon reduction, environment, quality, energy, and responsible sourcing. We believe these key markers play an important role to the sustained success of our business. We have a single Sustainability Policy, which is reviewed periodically and communicated to key stakeholders, employees, contractors, supply chain and our employees to inform and promote wider adoption of responsible practice.
Business and product innovation
We will ensure continuous business and product innovation. We:
- Inform our customers about the functional, environmental and safety performance of our products, through safety data sheets and case studies.
- Engage with our stakeholders and supply chain to encourage innovative development of our products, services and manufacturing systems to continually improve our sustainability performance.
Health, safety and wellbeing
We will ensure Chem X Ltd is a safe and healthy place to work. We:
- Are committed to eliminating risk in the workplace through monitoring and implementation of best workplace practices.
- Develop and implement action plans to ensure the health, safety and mental wellbeing of our employees.
We are committed to fulfilling our share of the responsibility to keep the global temperature rise below 2° Celsius and we will continue to reduce our impact on air, land and water. We:
- Have set optimistic targets to reduce emissions to air from all our operations.
- We set targets to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions energy, reduce the use of fossil fuel through improving our processes and the use of alternative and renewable sources.
- Use water efficiently, recycle where possible.
Resource use and the circular economy
We will conserve natural resources. We:
- Use resources appropriately and sustainably.
- Adopt the waste prevention, reuse of materials and recycling.
- Develop products that improve the quality and sustainability of the built environment and seek to eliminate all non-sustainable products.
Fairness, inclusion and respect
We will be a fair, respectful and inclusive company; encouraging a culture that values openness and transparency and recognises individual achievement. We:
- Strive for the fair treatment of all our employees and everyone in our supply chain.
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Hello, my name is Jose Zuniga and I'm representing expertvillage.com. We happen to be working with one of my favorite plants which is Mexican Heather also known as a false Heather in some parts of the United States. This one is purple and sometimes you can find it in a white. You know, I enjoy it because its great for hanging baskets, they do great in flower beds and also they uniform in exactly well forth order, even ground cover sometimes. Now, they love the heat, you know partial sun as well and guess what? They do keep deers away, they're deer resistant, you heard me right, deer resistant. Now in this series I'm going to go over with you like, where do we purchase it? How are we going to maintain it? What materials do we need? How do we get started by digging the hole? Are we going to mulch the plant? All those steps, I'm going to guide you one by one, we're going to have fun with this plant and this is how we plant Mexican Heather in your garden.
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On July 20, the Egyptian Parliament authorized the deployment of Egyptian armed forces outside of the country. The bill made no mention of Libya (Arab News, July 21). Nonetheless, the authorization serves as a proverbial shot across the bow for Turkey and Qatar, which support Libya’s Tripoli-based and UN-recognized Government of National Accord (GNA).
The authorization followed the failure of the Libyan National Army (LNA), based in the east of the country, to take GNA-held Tripoli. The LNA is led by Field Marshal Khalifa Haftar and backed by Egypt, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Saudi Arabia, and Russia. Yet, despite this support, the LNA’s fourteen-month offensive on Tripoli failed. In June, GNA forces launched a counter-offensive that pushed LNA forces eastward.
Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi declared in a televised address in June that Egypt would respond if GNA forces crossed a “red line” extending from Sirte to the inland area of Jufra (Egypt Independent, June 21). Sisi declared Egypt had a right to secure its border with Libya and defend Libya and Egypt against “foreign schemes.” While Sisi did not mention Turkey or Qatar, it was clear that these two countries were his primary concern.
Parliamentary approval for the deployment of Egyptian troops and Sisi’s rhetoric suggest military action might be imminent. This is unlikely, at least for now. It is more likely that Sisi’s rhetoric is saber rattling designed to appeal to his domestic and foreign audiences, namely the UAE and Saudi Arabia. As a career army officer and former director for military intelligence, General Sisi, and his circle of advisers, are aware of the grave risks posed by a large-scale deployment to Libya. Both Egypt’s ongoing war in Sinai and the experience of its intervention in Yemen in the 1960s will check enthusiasm for a war in Libya.
Sinai and Yemen: Lessons Learned
The Egyptian military and security services have been fighting al-Qaeda and Islamic State (IS)-linked groups in the Sinai Peninsula for ten years. Despite deploying more than 40,000 mainline troops from the Egyptian Army and thousands of police and security forces to Sinai, the Egyptians struggle to combat a small number of terrorists and insurgents. The most prominent terrorist group in the Sinai, Wilayat Sinai, an affiliate of IS, has fewer than 1,000 active operatives. Yet, attacks by the group persist (al-Monitor, May 7).
The early years of the insurgency in Sinai (2011-2015) were particularly painful for the Egyptian Army. The army was designed and equipped to fight a land war with Israel. It was not prepared to engage in counter-insurgency and counter-terrorist operations. This role was filled by Egypt’s Central Security Forces (CSF) commanded by the Ministry of Interior. However, due to the CSF’s inability to manage the threats in Sinai, the Egyptian Army assumed the leading role in combatting insurgents and terrorists in Sinai.
The fighting in Sinai made the inadequacies of the Egyptian Army clear. Despite air support, overhead surveillance, vast numerical and military superiority, the Egyptian Army failed to secure a small number of roads, towns, and bases. The army’s lack of nimbleness has hampered its ability to respond to rapidly evolving threats. As has long been the case, command and control in the Egyptian Army is subject to bottlenecks at the top. Field grade officers and even general officers rarely act without approval from senior officials in Cairo. The officer heavy nature of the army also means motivated and empowered non-commissioned officers are rare. Additionally, the army relies on large numbers of poorly trained and often illiterate conscripts who leave the service as soon as they are able.
Few of these problems have been adequately addressed. The army remains a top-heavy force geared for fighting large scale land battles. Even in that role, the Egyptian Army would underperform due to a persistent lack of realistic training.
The Egyptian Army’s performance in Sinai and the institutional memory of Egypt’s involvement in North Yemen’s civil war (1962-67) contributed to President Sisi’s decision not to participate in the ground war in Yemen’s current civil war. While Sisi and his government vocally supported Saudi Arabia and the UAE’s armed intervention in Yemen, they never sent troops.
The Egyptian experience in what was then North Yemen’s civil war—known as Egypt’s Vietnam— continues to inform Egyptian policy. Instructors and professors at the Egyptian Military Academy (Sisi’s alma mater) and the Command and Staff College examine lessons learned from Egypt’s costly war in Yemen. Despite deploying 70,000 soldiers, the war ended in a stalemate that cost the lives of at least 20,000 Egyptian servicemen. Involvement in Yemen also contributed to Egypt’s defeat by Israel in the 1967 Six Day War.
High Risk, Low Reward
If Egypt were to deploy a large force to Libya, it would face many of the same challenges it now confronts in Sinai along with the problems associated with intervening in a complex civil war. The war in Libya mirrors the current war in Yemen. Like Yemen, Libya is riven with divisions and armed militias supported by foreign powers abound. Navigating these kinds of internecine wars is difficult. Winning in such a war, no matter how narrowly defined, is rare.
The blowback from deeper Egyptian involvement in Libya might be more significant than the results of its 1960s-era intervention in North Yemen. The war in Yemen was 1,200 miles away. Those who opposed Egypt in Yemen were not able to take their fight to Egypt. By contrast, Libya shares a largely unguarded 693-mile border with Egypt. Illicit networks, the stretches of which reach from Libya to Syria, make abundant use of the deserts and mountains that the border passes through to smuggle weapons and other contraband.
Weapons traced to Libya routinely turn up in Sinai, Upper Egypt, and much further afield. Libya-based militias fighting against the Egyptian-backed LNA can—and likely will—tap into and use these illicit networks to carry out attacks in Egypt. Many of these illicit networks are linked with Sinai-based insurgent groups. Egypt could see an intensification of its ongoing war in Sinai as a result of covert support from Libya-based militias and their foreign backers. In the face of overt large-scale Egyptian actions in Libya, it is unlikely that the war will remain within Libya’s borders.
Even more significantly, the Egyptian Army is unprepared for the kind of war it will need to fight in Libya. The army has failed to defeat a few hundred insurgents in Sinai where it is fighting on home ground from well-defended and easily supplied bases. In Libya, Egypt’s military will need to engage multiple militias with shifting loyalties while defending hundreds of miles of vulnerable supply lines. Egypt and Libya fought what is referred to as the “Four Day War” in July 1977. The skirmish ended in a truce but the Egyptians struggled to supply the armored columns they deployed to their desolate border with Libya.
Underperformance in Libya and what could be visible defeats will erode the domestic and international views of Egypt’s military competence. Saudi Arabia’s intervention in Yemen has demonstrated the inadequacies of its armed forces. Iran, Saudi Arabia’s regional foe, has learned a great deal about Saudi vulnerabilities. In the case of Egypt, where the army plays a more significant role in national narratives, widespread perceptions of the army as incapable or weak will be even more damaging.
Outlook: Limited, Covert, and Tribal
Rather than pursue a high-risk deployment, Sisi and his government will most likely continue to fight a largely covert war in Libya. Egypt is providing arms and training to tribal militias that support the LNA. This is in addition to the air support and Special Forces troops that Egypt already uses alongside the UAE and Russia to support core LNA forces.
In July, Sisi and members of his government hosted members of Libya’s Supreme Tribal Council in Cairo. The meetings are part of Egypt’s attempt to strengthen its relationship with those influential and powerful tribes fighting alongside General Haftar’s LNA. At the same time, Egypt wants to distance itself from Haftar who it views as erratic and unreliable. Tribal elders at the meeting said they supported Egyptian deployments to Libya as the only way to end the civil war (Middle East Monitor, July 16). If Egypt deploys large numbers of troops to Libya, it would tip the scale in the LNA’s favor, but it would not end the war. Instead, Egypt would find itself mired in a war that it cannot afford while fighting alongside unreliable allies.
President Sisi has proved himself adept at maintaining the critical financial aid provided by Saudi Arabia and the UAE in exchange for low-risk Egyptian military support in Libya and Yemen. In Yemen, Egypt provided some naval and air support, but little more than that (al-Ahram, March 26, 2015). Egypt’s involvement in Libya is more extensive but will remain limited due to Sisi and the military’s understanding of the risks associated with a large-scale deployment. Such a deployment would do little to achieve Egypt’s stated aims in Libya. Instead, Egyptian troops in Libya could further compromise border security and may strengthen support for the UN-backed GNA. While many Libyans might welcome Egyptian soldiers, a significant number would see them as invaders.
See: Michael Horton, “Crossing the Canal: Why Egypt Faces a Creeping Insurgency,” CTC Sentinel: July 2017.
See: Nicholas Marsh, “Brothers Came Back with Weapons: The Effects of Arms Proliferation from Libya,” Prism: The Journal of Complex Operations, National Defense University: Volume 6, No 4.
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Audit quality indicators are a potential portfolio of quantitative measures that may provide new insights about how high quality audits are achieved. Taken together with qualitative context, the indicators may inform discussions among those concerned with the financial reporting and auditing process, for example among audit committees and audit firms. Enhanced discussions, in turn, may strengthen audit planning, execution, and communication.
Concept Release on Audit Quality Indicators
The responsibilities of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, are all ultimately directed at improving audit quality and thereby benefiting investors. The Board's audit quality indicator project can be an important part of that effort. A portfolio of quantitative measures of public company auditing (called "indicators"), used consistently, could enhance dialogue about and understanding of audits.
PCAOB Dialogues Podcast
In the first PCAOB Dialogues episode, Former Director of Office of Research and Analysis Greg Jonas answers questions about the history and purpose of the project and provides specific examples of potential indicators. Mike Cook provides insight into how audit committees could use indicators to may help them do their jobs. All participants speak for themselves and do not represent the PCAOB as a whole, or the Board or the staff.
The PCAOB's Standing Advisory Group (SAG) and Investor Advisory Group (IAG) provide views and advice to the Board on issues related to its work. Both groups have discussed audit quality indicators. Some of the materials from the meetings can be found below. For the full agenda click on the meeting.
- Audit Quality Indicators Discussion Presentation
- SAG Meeting Update on Audit Quality Indicators
- Summary of SAG Breakout Discussions
- Initiatives to Improve Audit Quality -- Root Cause Analysis, Audit Quality Indicators, and Quality Control Standards
- Usage of Audit Quality Indicators
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Title air time was a little interesting, we have become accustomed to writing projects used in this project and usb PIC24FJ64GB106 really good to be hidden feature advanced PIC24F series and a good example for USB HID
In the software MPLAB C30 v3.12, 8:43 MPLAB, Microchip USB HID bootloader Library V2.5b programs used also modified and adapted to the circuit. C source code file to the project program and have wiring diagrams.
It is a project which I started as a funny way to evaluate the Microchip PIC24 USB capabilities as well as MEMS inertial sensors. I don’t find any particular use even today but is a good platform for experimenting with USB, accelerometers, bootloaders. Please let me know how you use it. HID Bootloader, no change to the main application Modified HID bootloader, based on the original Microchip bootloader was compiled with the same tools as the main application. The top bootloader also contains modified code posted by the user iancull on Microchip
32 leds capable of displaying 32 vertical pixels
Three axis accelerometer
HID USB device, no drivers necessary
HID USB bootloader, no drivers necessary. Unlike the original Microchip bootloader this one doesn’t require the main application to be relocated.
Powered by two size AA (rechargeable) batteries
HID Bootloader, no change to the main application
Modified HID bootloader, based on the original Microchip bootloader was compiled with the same tools as the main application. The top bootloader also contains modified code posted by the user iancull on Microchip forums: http://www.microchip.com/forums/tm.aspx?m=440391&mpage=1
To enter the bootloader:
– Start the HID Bootloader PC application.
HID bootloader – unconnected device
– Plug the LED Wand in one USB port and wait for LED0 to turn off
– shake the wand on Z axis
– the main application will restart the processor in bootloader mode. You shoul see this:
HID bootloader – device is attached You can now program your hex file by clicking the Open Hex File Button.
NOTE: This project needs much more explanation. However I have very little free time and I don’t know at this moment how much interest this site will attract. Please try to study the project yourself and if you have problems ask in the forum section. I’ll try to answer and hopefully other users will help too. I will update this page as soon as more written information will be accumulated.
More to come…
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The CTC launched the Harmony Program in 2005 in order to release and analyze documents from the Department of Defense’s Harmony database. The focus of this program is to contextualize the inner-functioning of al-Qa’ida, its associated movement, and other security threats through primary source documents. Harmony products released by the CTC are always accompanied by an analytical report and the primary source material from which its conclusions are based. By releasing this material, the CTC aims to make these sources, which are captured in the course of operations in Iraq, Afghanistan and other theaters, available to other scholars for further study.
While captured documents offer unique insight into al‐Qa`ida’s decision-making process they are most valuable when contextualized with information drawn from other sources. Scholars and practitioners should be aware that analyzing such data is fraught with risk. Documents in the Harmony database were collected on the battlefield unscientifically. There is no way to know how representative documents captured by U.S. forces are of the larger body of information produced by al‐Qa`ida or other insurgents. Likewise, the vast database in which they are stored is imperfect and virtually impossible to search systematically. Readers and researchers should therefore be wary of conclusions drawn from Harmony documents alone.
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BEIJING, June 19 (UPI) -- China and Iceland could become natural partners in the energy sector though it is too early to make any predictions about the benefits, an analyst said.
A source at China Petroleum & Chemical Corp., known also as Sinopec, told China Daily on condition of anonymity talks were under way with the Icelandic government over oil exploration off the country's northeast coast.
China Daily referenced a report published early this week by Ernst & Young estimating arctic waters may hold 13 percent of the world's undiscovered oil and 30 percent of its undiscovered natural gas. A separate reference to the U.S. Geological Survey said 90 billion barrels may be in the arctic.
China's growing economy translates to a higher demand for energy. The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries said in a June report most of the world oil demand would be from China. Iceland, meanwhile, is eager to secure more investments as it struggles to overcome crippling financial difficulties.
Ernst & Young energy analyst Andy Brogan told China Daily the Icelandic government was realistic about the potential given the environmental issues surrounding arctic oil and gas exploration.
"It is still too early to predict how successful the deals can be," he said in an interview published Tuesday.
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<urn:uuid:49d63842-2f38-4fcb-916e-cc5ae2725f47>
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http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Energy-Industry/2013/06/19/China-looks-to-Iceland-for-oil-opportunity/UPI-59731371638753/?rel=43681371725353
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Size: it can be made according to your design,
Cast aluminum heater for heating purpose are widely used in plastic machinery, mold, cable machinery, alloy die casting machine, pipelines, chemicals industry, rubber, petroleum and other equipment.
Al 350deg.C, Ir 800deg.C ,Co 600deg.C
Round or Flat
Hot Melt-Glue Pots casting element element Standard Thickness:20mm, but 30mm 35mm 15mm etc thicnkess also can be made according to your requirement.
Power and Voltage: 220V 1200W, they also can be made according to your design.
Cast Aluminum Heaters Features:
1.High operating temperatures
2.Liquid cooling or air-cooling fins
3.Any size or shape available
4.Pressure casted ensures porosity free high density casting
5.Extremely ruled and resistant to damage
6.Precise and accurate control of temperature due to heat cool action
7.High watt densities available
Cast Aluminum Heaters are an essential component for all plastics extrusion machinery. Our extruder barrel & die heaters are made of aluminum or bronze.
Cast aluminum heaters or cast-in heaters offer a high quality and efficient method of heating and controlling Extruders, Compression Molding Platens, Heat Sealers, Vacuum Forming Platens.The heat cool capabilities of cast aluminum heaters or cast-in heaters provide high accuracy temperature control of +/- 2º.
These precision cast aluminum heaters or cast-in heaters are available in various sizes and watt densities ranging from 10 to 60 watts per square inch.
Cast aluminum heaters or cast-in heaters are pressure casted insuring a dense porosity free casting that can been supplied with either cooling fins or seamless stainless steel cooling tubes that guarantee longer life.
1.Plastics Extrusion Machinery
2.Hot Melt-Glue Pots
3.Blown Film Dies
6.Commercial Food Service
7. Hot Stamp and Die Heating
1.Size - As required any size possible
2.Voltage - 120, 240, 480, or 600 volts
3.Phase - Single or Three phase available
4.Termination's - Leads, Terminal Boxes, Screw/Threaded Studs
5.Machining Tolerance - 005" Standard 2
6.Wattage - Aluminum Up to 35 W/in2, Bronze Up to 50 W/in
7.Maximum Temperature - Aluminum 700ºF, Bronze 1400ºF
8.Options - Holes, Grooves, Notches, Cutouts, Available
If there's any cast aluminum heaters inquiry, welcome contact with us and we are professional with better services and high quality cast aluminum heaters.
Sinton Group mainly make kinds of electric heating elements and temperature sensor: For example , cartridge heater,hot runner coil heating element, tubular heater element, ceramic emitter, ceramic plate heating element, aluminium casting heater, mica band heater, ceramic band heating elements, Flexible ceramic heating pad, kapton heater, PI film heating elements, resistance wire, thermocouple, Pt100 etc. Also we make industrial heaters for example air duct heater, pipeline heater, oil circulation heater, drying oven etc. All of our heaters and temperature sensor can be OEM and now we have acquired CE certificate for our heating elements.
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| 1.609375
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|
Kurumgad Island is one of the reclusive Islands located around 4km from main land, in the state of Karnataka.
About Kurumgad Island
Kurumgad Beach is shaped like a tortoise. It is a perfect place to avoid all the commotion of the city life and thus enjoy the untouched beauty of the Mother Nature at is best. No matter, whether one is young or old, Kurumgad beach serves as an ideal place for leisure to people of each and every age. One can go to view the beautiful abandoned lighthouse located near the beach. The beach is a very beautiful & enchanting and one can see various creatures like the dolphin, otters, etc. around the beach. The period between Octobers to may is the ideal time for visiting the place.
The chief point of attraction is the famousNarasimha temple a common place of visit for devotees, generally during the Jatra festival that is celebrated each and every year on the Pushya Purnima night.
How to reach!Road- The beach is well connected by road and is around 524kms from Bangalore.
Air- The place is easily accessible by airport.
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<urn:uuid:68d4efa1-67bd-4c81-a3d6-c4a9f0cbec0f>
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CC-MAIN-2016-44
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http://www.tourtravelworld.com/india/kushalnagar/kurumgad-beach.htm
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Andy Brandon2021-10-01T09:58:12+00:00No, not all MDF is moisture-resistant, it can be identified by its green colour. Whatever MDF used should not be submerged in water because it’s not waterproof and can still swell and warp.
Does moisture resistant MDF warp?
Andy Brandon2021-10-01T09:58:20+00:00If it has not been sealed on all sides water can be soaked up by the MDF and cause It to warp and bow.
Can moisture resistant MDF be painted?
Andy Brandon2021-10-01T09:58:26+00:00If you intend to paint any MDF it will need to be primed first so the paint does not sink into the MDF.
Is all moisture resistant MDF green?
Andy Brandon2021-10-01T09:58:32+00:00Moisture resistant MDF is usually green for identification purposes.
How is moisture resistant MDF made?
Andy Brandon2021-10-01T10:05:03+00:00Moisture resistant MDF is made with compressed wood fibres that are mixed with resin to make a panel.
Can moisture resistant MDF be used outside?
Andy Brandon2021-10-01T10:05:16+00:00Moisture resistant MDF is not waterproof so it will be affected by rain. You can use a waterproof coat to seal it.
Can you use moisture resistant MDF in bathrooms?
Andy Brandon2021-10-01T10:05:21+00:00Moisture resistant MDF is ideal for areas where there is higher moisture content in the air like bathrooms. The moisture-resistant MDF is made so it doesn’t suck up any moisture from the air.
How waterproof is moisture resistant MDF?
Andy Brandon2021-09-30T14:17:41+00:00Moisture resistant MDF is not fully waterproof, it cannot be in very wet conditions or underwater. It is designed to be used in areas with a lot of humidity without splitting.
What is moisture resistant MDF used for?
Andy Brandon2021-10-01T10:05:55+00:00Moisture resistant MDF can be used for a lot of different things, but mainly it is used where the conditions are humid or wet.
What is moisture resistant MDF?
Andy Brandon2021-10-01T10:06:02+00:00Moisture resistant MDF is water-resistant which means it can be used in wet or humid conditions.
Privacy & Cookies Policy
Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. These cookies do not store any personal information.
Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website.
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Happy New Year! This year promises to be just as crazy and uncertain as the last. It greatly saddens me that the government is once again closing schools. In the face of mental health, in the face of lasting developmental issues, in the face of happiness and our children’s well-being, closing down schools should be the absolute last measure. But there is hope building in the Wild.
We are approaching the third year of this pandemic, the education system in this country which was already antiquated has become completely dysfunctional. Our governments had an opportunity to overall a system that was designed for a different time, for a different child and that now runs contrary to science and our understanding of brain development. But instead, they chose the route of more regulation and rules, of mediocrity and bureaucracy. They built their walls higher to keep out the community that incubates it. They divide our children, they quarantine them out in designated areas, muzzle their voices and take away their music and their sports. And then regularly threaten to send them home, alone, to wallow in front of yet more screens. Is this the future of our school system?
Wild School was derived to combat the failures of the traditional education system and designed in the midst of a global pandemic that forced us to go outside. We took apart everything. We threw out the superintendents and bureaucracy; got rid of the unions that perpetuate mediocrity while squashing passion and rewarding the place holders. We added teachers with creativity, passion and drive; creating classrooms of wonder, excitement and adventure. A curriculum that is alive and flows with the interests of its participants. Our success has shown us the value of fun in learning, of stimulating curiosity and a passion for knowledge. We are developing healthy, happy, resilient, and creative changemakers. We are seeing huge leaps in basic core competencies such as reading and math but also in students emotional intelligence. We have yet to prove out this new education model with empirical data, but we are working on it. That said, how do you fully measure a child’s ability to feel empathy, or grit? How do you show newfound confidence in persevering through adversity? Or the ability to lead their peers through solutions to complex problems? How do you measure the effects of a lifelong love of learning? Talk to any of our parents and they will tell you of all the resounding effects of only a short time at Wild School. But is that enough to prove a new model? Also is this a model only for those that can afford it?
We have hope for a brighter future. We hold a great deal of hope in our future generations. We feel that we are onto something so profound and that we can demonstrate and teach what is possible to completely shift a rigid and failing system. The future is bright at Wild School. In 2022 we will see the development of a new Wild School in the Yukon. We are working on projects in Toronto and Ottawa. We are rapidly growing our team with passionate educators and change makers. We will not have any part in an old model of education, which, due to an over reliance on walls and large class sizes will likely shut down again and again and again. We shall learn on in person. We shall learn in the forest and in the fields. We shall learn in the mountains and in the valleys. Beside a cold spring or a shimmering lake and beside the fire and in the cave. In the dirt and in the mud and in the wind and in the rain, we shall learn together!
We will continue our fight in this education revolution and never surrender to mediocrity or the mundane, because it’s ‘easier’. This revolution will be felt by the voices of parents that want more for their children. It will be led by those chipping away at the education systems walls with the knowledge of what is occurring behind them. It will be fueled by the student’s voices that found the pure joy of learning, the love of the outdoors, of adventure and wild places. It will be spurred by the classroom that has no walls and the knowledge of how to do this effectively and safely. It will be a thousand small things that will make our children smarter, happier, stronger, more compassionate, more connected to themselves and to each other.
Let’s have a Wild Year!
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| 0.967547
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|
Separate names with a comma.
It looks like Silberlocke fir to me. It is a very pretty small tree.
I wonder if anybody have more info how often to water this fir.
Many nurseries in our area call this pretty native tree: cedar, red cedar ,or excelsa cedar (smaller one with high density) .
My sis-in-l planted one outdoor this summer. We do not have hard winter here but sometimes it drops low.
I like your garden, very pretty.
I increased the irrigation for my Sunset maple. It looks like the leafs are less wilty, but still have some branches with the same...
I have a similar situation.
My acer Rubrum planted last fall shows brown/red color on a few branches.
The leafs are a little wilt. I am going to...
It is a very pretty tree !
I wonder if it will produce good grow in my area a well...
I think you are talking about chlorosis that is a result of Mn deficiency...
I just planted one Royale Purple this spring (about 3 ft tall). It is very pretty.
It can grow up to 15 ft tall and 12 ft wide with age. I...
And what about Manganese?
I 've read that soil pH lower than 5.0 does not cause any noticeable problems in the maple trees. Also if the...
I have a similar situation with my acer rubrum. On a few branches leaves turn red/brown. Intreresting...
Dig about 4 in to check your soil around the tree, but not too close so you do not hit the roots. The soil should be moist and stick together if...
Whis4ey is right!
You do not want this tree in this condition at all!
You should have 1 year warranty so do not wait any longer.
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<urn:uuid:d3c342c1-95c4-4fad-92f0-c2c9e777aaae>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://forums.botanicalgarden.ubc.ca/members/andrzej.17557/recent-content
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en
| 0.934236
| 424
| 1.78125
| 2
|
All, below I will give two specific examples I have been told in the last few years of diving (from two different resorts). The question is a larger and more philosophical one - does anybody know if flashes from a camera really damage sea life? I ask because of several reasons - I am a scientist and would like to be able to intelligently reference and quote data to illustrate this if its true. If its not, then I think we are doing ourselves a disservice as a community to propagate nonsense. I am an underwater photographer and believe I am extremely conscientious. I don't take shots I know will be bad, I don't risk damage to reefs if I can't get the shot safely. But here are the recent examples I have heard with a healthy dose of skepticism to promote conversation:
1) Pygmy seahorses are damaged and can die from from too much flash exposure - This is the statement from all staff at a high end dive resort in Sulawesi. We are told that because they have no eyelids the flash damages their eyes. Skepticism: I have eyelids but cannot blink faster than a flash. Any evidence to suggest that this is true? Otherwise it comes across as a somewhat coercive, badgering, uneducated viewpoint.
2) Mandarin fish are damaged by flash - you should only take pictures with a red filter - a different resort in Sulawesi. And then I was in Palau and saw them happily swimming in broad daylight.....so what's the truth?
Would love to see some science!
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<urn:uuid:0454a7c3-6619-4d97-b72d-234a65aa4109>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.undercurrent.org/diving_forum/index.php/topic,417.0.html
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| 0.974944
| 314
| 1.984375
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|
United States Secretary of State Antony Blinken told NATO allies that China is a threat to the West but that the US will not force anyone to choose sides between Washington and Beijing.
Blinken has been meeting with his European counterparts in Brussels during his first trip to Europe as secretary of state. China, Russia, the Iran nuclear deal and a May 1 deadline for US troops to withdraw from Afghanistan, where NATO forces remain, have loomed large over the two days of meetings.
In remarks Wednesday at NATO headquarters, Blinken said that the US “won’t force allies into an ‘us-or-them’ choice with China”, even as the Biden administration continues to portray Beijing’s military and economic assertiveness as one of the biggest threats to global stability.
Echoing the administration’s own approach to China, Blinken said that “countries can work with China where possible” on issues such as climate change.
However, Blinken also accused Beijing of undermining the international trading order that the United States and its allies built after World War II.
“They are actively working to undercut the rules of the international system and the values we and our allies share,” Blinken said of China.
“If we work together to make real our positive vision for the international order … we’re confident that we can outcompete China on any playing field,” he added.
China, for its part, has denied any such plans and says it respects global rules upheld by international institutions such as the World Trade Organisation and the International Monetary Fund.
The visit comes as some European allies, notably France and Germany, are looking for a strategic balance in relations with Beijing and Washington that ensures the European Union is not so closely allied with one of the world’s two big powers that it alienates the other.
The United States, the EU, Britain and Canada imposed sanctions on Chinese officials on Monday for rights abuses in Xinjiang, in the first such coordinated Western action against Beijing under Biden. Beijing hit back with punitive measures against the EU.
NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg warned on Wednesday that “China is a country that doesn’t share our values,” referring to NATO as a club of democracies favouring free speech and freedom of association.
Blinken also used the visit to warn against the Nord Stream 2 pipeline, which runs from Russia to Germany. The US has opposed the project for more than a decade, saying it would increase EU dependency on Moscow. Germany has pushed for the project’s completion.
Blinken, during a news conference on Wednesday, said he had told his German counterpart, Heiko Maas, in a private meeting that companies involved in the project risked American sanctions.
Blinken declined to give more details but said the US was closely monitoring construction on the pipeline under the Baltic Sea, which is nearly complete.
Meanwhile, Blinken urged Turkish Foreign minister Mevlut Cavusoglu, in a private meeting on Wednesday, not to retain the S-400 air defence system it had bought from Russia.
The purchase is a key issue that has clouded relations between Washington and Ankara and has lead to the imposition of American sanctions.
Cavusoglu said on Wednesday that he had told Blinken that Ankara’s purchase was “a done deal”.
Afghanistan withdrawal and Iran nuclear deal
Blinken also again offered little insight into whether the US planned to meet the May 1 deadline for withdrawing troops from Afghanistan, a provision of a deal struck between the administration of former President Donald Trump and the Taliban.
Biden has said meeting the deadline will be “tough”.
Blinken said he would relay points raised by NATO members to Biden, but said he reiterated to allies: “We went in together. We adjusted together. And when the time is right. We will leave together.”
After meeting with officials from the UK, France, Germany and the EU – all parties to the 2015 Iran Nuclear deal – Blinken also signalled little progress had been made in the ongoing standoff between Washington and Tehran.
Tehran has said it will not return to compliance with the deal, in which it agreed to curtail its nuclear ambitions in exchange for sanctions relief until the US lifts current sanctions.
Washington has said Tehran must first return to compliance.
An EU official had previously suggested hosting talks with the parties, which Iran has so far refused.
“We are all very much on the same page when it comes to Iran,” Blinken said of the European parties to the agreement.
“When it comes to our common interest in seeing if Iran wants to engage in diplomacy to come back fully into compliance with its obligations under the JCPOA, we are again prepared to engage on that,” he said. “To date, Iran has not been.”
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<urn:uuid:6bbde61e-05df-4647-9ef0-26f9a7df10ec>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/24/blinken-to-tell-nato-allies-they-dont-need-to-choose-us-or-china?utm_source=Eurasia+Group+Signal&utm_campaign=dd0b673f9c-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2021_08_11_11_06&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_e605619869-dd0b673f9c-134308033
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|
en
| 0.967765
| 1,027
| 1.773438
| 2
|
Personal information charter
How the Insolvency Service treats your personal information and how to check what details they have for you.
The official receiver is the data controller for the purposes of the Data Protection Act 1998 and is registered under the Act for the processing of personal data for insolvency cases allocated to them by the courts. The Department of Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS) is the Data Controller under the Act for personal data held and processed by other parts of The Insolvency Service.
Most of the data we hold about you comes from information you’ve given us. You will already know this personal data but you can check if it is accurate.
If you want to know what other personal data we hold about you, send a completed FOI@insolvency.gsi.gov.uk.to
We will send you a full response within 40 days.
If your information is incorrect and is likely to cause any issues, you should write to the FOI/DPA team with details on what needs to be updated.
the Insolvency Service,
1 City Walk,
The Information Commissioner’s website has more information about your rights.
Data protection reports
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<urn:uuid:d1b2cde0-610c-47a1-921d-d75dc6ee619e>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/insolvency-service/about/personal-information-charter
|
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|
en
| 0.906763
| 250
| 1.617188
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|
UN action plan for Afghanistan
A conversation with Francesc Vendrell, the United Nations special envoy to Afghanistan.
KABUL, AFGHANISTAN — Diplomats are racing to map out the post-Taliban future of Afghanistan, to take advantage of the fluid political situation created by the radical Islamic militia's unexpectedly swift retreat.
While the term "nation-building" is not being used - memories of the disastrous 1993 operation in Somalia still haunt Washington and the United Nations - top officials are trying to guarantee broad-based, representative rule in Afghanistan.
"We have a window of opportunity ... that is narrow, and it's not going to last forever. Therefore we must move quickly," says UN special envoy to Afghanistan, Francesc Vendrell, in an interview in Kabul, the Afghan capital.
International goodwill - and billions of dollars in relief aid - depend on a workable political settlement. "That should be a great incentive to the Afghans to move forward quickly, to not repeat the mistakes of the past," Mr. Vendrell says. "If this is not enough, I don't know what it's going to take."
Since the rebel Northern Alliance - a loose grouping of ethnic minority forces and eight political parties - captured Kabul last week from the Taliban, and advanced farther south toward the Taliban stronghold of Kandahar, Western officials have been urging caution.
While the alliance publicly endorses the peace moves, at least two old-guard alliance leaders - President Burhanuddin Rabbani and Abdul Rab Rasul Sayyaf - are believed to be privately reluctant to share power.
Questions also remain about who will represent Afghanistan's dominant Pashtun ethnic group - which also dominates the Taliban - and whether those representatives will be acceptable to the majority of their fellow tribesmen.
Juggling these variables, diplomats are working overtime to produce a framework formula for Afghanistan's future meant to yield - like alchemy - a legitimate and stable government from the ruins of two decades of war.
The four-point plan presented to the UN Security Council by Lakhdar Brahimi, the UN secretary-general's special representative to Afghanistan, begins with the creation of a provisional council that will manage day-to-day functions until a loya jirga, or grand assembly, can be formed.
That assembly in turn is to select a provisional and broad-based government - and possibly even a head of state. That body would rule with help from the international community for maybe two years, Vendrell says. A new army and police force would be established.
The final step is to be the approval of a constitution and the holding of elections. The first move is a UN-sponsored all-party meeting - minus the Taliban - that is to begin work in Germany on Monday.
"The key to all this is to ensure a level playing field from now on" so that no single group has an advantage in the loya jirga, Vendrell says. This is critical, he says, because "one of the root causes" of war in Afghanistan is the lack of legitimacy of past regimes, which turned into "invitations to outsiders to come in and help their favorites."
How the Taliban are defeated - possibly turning into a rebel force capable of disrupting any peace plan, along with Arab and Pakistani forces loyal to accused terrorist Osama bin Laden - will also affect discussions on possible peacekeeping or international force deployments. "We don't think a peacekeeping force is an adequate instrument at the moment, because first of all there is no peace agreement - there is not even a peace," says Vendrell. That option would take six to eight months to pull together - far too slow.
"We are now confronted with the need for some security force in Afghanistan," Vendrell says, so a "coalition of the willing, some international security force, could be put in place."
While the broad diplomatic brush strokes sound similar to those painted by UN and Western diplomats when they waded into Somalia in the early 1990s, planners are quick to point to a far greater commitment to solving this issue now, than was evident in Somalia, or in Afghanistan in the past.
One reason, he says, is recognition that Afghan suffering could have been eased "if the international community had not walked away" after the 1989 withdrawal of Soviet forces here. Another, Vendrell says, is that "the bin Ladens ... and the Al Qaedas of this world would not have found refuge, and would not have become the threat to international security" if the West had paid more attention.
Still, many issues remain that could stymie diplomatic moves. If the Taliban were to devolve into a guerrilla force and gain support from Pashtun tribal belt areas in Pakistan and Afghanistan, the result could be "very destabilizing" and a "danger that one should not ignore."
The shape of any troop deployment is unclear, however, and the wording of the UN Security Council resolution is vague. It "encourages member states to support efforts to ensure the safety and security of parts of Afghanistan no longer under the control of the Taliban" - phrasing that could, in theory, enable a country such as Pakistan to move into eastern Afghanistan.
"It has the potential to be a mess," says a diplomatic source in Kabul who asked not to be identified. The phrasing of the UN resolution is the "most incredible" regarding the use of foreign forces, the diplomatic source says.
While the Afghanistan mission does not yet involve the numbers of UN or multinational troops deployed in Kosovo, Bosnia, or Somalia, its political ambition is among the most far-reaching taken on by the UN in nearly a decade.
Progress on the military front could speed diplomacy. President Bush said this week that "the noose is beginning to narrow" for Mr. bin Laden, as the Taliban-controlled territory in which he can hide shrinks.
Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld cautioned, however, that "does not necessarily mean that the task will become easier. People can hide in caves for long periods. This will take time."
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Kartal, M.; Molak, R.; Turski, M.; Gungor, S.; Fitzpatrick, M. E. and Edwards, L.
|DOI (Digital Object Identifier) Link:||http://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.7-8.127|
|Google Scholar:||Look up in Google Scholar|
The aim of this study was to develop a method of extracting local mechanical properties from weld metal by strain mapping using the digital image correlation (DIC) technique. The feasibility of determining local stress-strain behaviour in the weld zone of a 316H stainless steel pipe with a girth weld was investigated by tensile tests of specimens machined from the pipe so that it contained the weld at its centre. The tensile test was recorded using a high resolution digital camera and the DIC technique was used to obtain the complete set of full field displacement maps during the tensile test. The local strain was calculated at every sub-region of 32×32 pixels, which enabled the local stress-strain behaviour for this region to be determined. Results from these tests show the variability of the elastic modulus, yield stress and UTS across the weld. To check the reliability of the technique, a set of micro tensile samples, with gauge length of 3.7mm and cross-sectional area of 0.7×0.7 mm2, were machined from the various locations in and around the weld zone. The comparison of stress-strain curves determined from micro-samples to stress-strain curves from the corresponding locations within a larger more conventional tensile specimen shows a reasonably good agreement.
|Item Type:||Journal Article|
|Copyright Holders:||2007 Trans Tech Publications|
|Keywords:||digital image correlation; arc welding; micro samples; mechanical properties|
|Academic Unit/Department:||Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) > Engineering and Innovation
Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
|Depositing User:||Michael E. Fitzpatrick|
|Date Deposited:||01 Oct 2007|
|Last Modified:||04 Oct 2016 10:05|
|Share this page:|
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New Delhi, Mar 7: India's domestic steel consumption in February fell for the first time in the last three months by almost 2 per cent to 6.84 mt, something that doesn't augur well for the industry, which is banking on demand to pick up to spur growth.
However, steel imports last month fell marginally by 0.1 per cent to 0.91 million tonnes (mt) compared with January 2016, but the decline was much steeper at 7.3 per cent compared with the same month last year.
This is the fourth consecutive year-on-year decline in in-bound shipments. Domestic steel consumption in February stood at 6.84 mt, a decline of 1.9 per cent against January, but it rose by 4.7 per cent from February 2015, latest data by the steel ministry's Joint Plant Committee showed.
This is the first fall in domestic demand since November last year when steel consumption fell 15.5 per cent to almost 6 mt from the preceding month, but rose 11.2 per cent from a year earlier.
Even as in-bound shipments registered a fall, albeit marginally, in February 2016, import of finished steel grew by 20.5 per cent to 10.22 mt during April-February of 2015-16, with India remaining a "net importer" of the metal so far this fiscal.
Also, steel production rose 1.8 per cent yoy to 7.3 mt in February this year. The increase comes after steel output in the world's third-largest producer fell 1.5 per cent to 7.4 mt in January 2016.
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¿Qué puedo hacer?
Acerca de este recurso...
Can music lead to improvements in performance? In this experiment, you will evaluate this question by observing test subjects’ athletic performance before and after listening to motivational music. You will compare this group’s performance to a control group that does not listen to music.
It is an educational content by education.com.
By clicking on the title of this resource, you will be redirected to the content. If you want to download the project, you just have to join the website, which now is for FREE.
Fecha publicación: 12.5.2016
Se respeta la licencia original del recurso.
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What’s The Word About Deer Antler Velvet Extract?
Every living creature comes equipped with a preinstalled “owner’s manual” that breaks down maintenance and repair information. Deer antler velvet extract are an example of this. Stags’ antlers develop in all deer species (female caribou and reindeer also produce them). A buck fawn’s pedicles, which serve as the basis for antlers, appear around 6 months of age. According to its owner’s handbook, antler growth and shedding are regulated by internal hormones and external light.
The cycle for deer antler velvet extract begins in spring
The growth cycle begins in April, when the days are lengthening. The tops of the pedicles produce antlers, which are the fastest growing animal tissue and can grow up to a quarter of an inch each day. The buck’s body produces biochemicals that tissue cells use for development, regeneration, and repair.
Velvet facilitates antler growth
The antlers are soft to the touch during this time, as they continue to develop. They are rife with blood vessels and nerves while they are still growing. The outside covering, known as velvet, is particularly hirsute at this point. The deer’s antlers need velvet for growth because its blood vessels and nerves provide growth factors and hormonal biochemicals. The deer bleeds profusely if the velvet is sliced or removed at this time, causing significant pain. Meanwhile, mineral deposits such as calcium and phosphorus gradually build up and replace the spongy tissue, turning the antlers into real bones.
When the blood supply to the velvet is cut off as summer turns to fall, bone deposition begins to restrict it. The velvet dries up and flakes away from the antlers when this is finished. Stags rub their antlers against trees to help them shed, and deer have been seen eating their old velvet. The testosterone levels of the stag begin to rise as daylight hours continue to decrease, signalling the start of breeding season, which lasts until late fall or early winter.
Finally, the shortest days of the year occur at the winter solstice, mating season comes to an end, and testosterone levels decrease. The pedicle seam of the stag’s bony antlers begins to erode now, according to its owner’s handbook. The antler detaches and drops off, leaving a bleeding depression that seals over quickly. In the spring, the process repeats itself.
Is deer antler velvet extract good for humans?
It’s not known when or how people first discovered that if velvet is good for dogs, it could be used to treat people. Antler velvet has been utilized as a medicine in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. In our own time, numerous lab tests have revealed that velvet contains hormones, growth factors, amino acids, and other vital molecular messengers that can affect gene activity and encourage tissue growth/repair. In a nutshell, theoretical health advantages have been demonstrated by science. In particular, velvet is high in insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a hormone that may promote anti-aging and performance-enhancing effects but also increases the risk of cancer. Here is just a shortlist of what people take antler velvet for:
- Reduce cholesterol
- Treat high blood pressure
- Prevent osteoporosis
- Strengthen the lower backand knees
- Boost the immune system
- Improve cognitive skills
- Help with sexuality and fertility
- Support women’s reproductive health
- Protect men’s erectile function
- The list goes on and on!
Conclusion for deer antler velvet extract
In conclusion, deer antler velvet extract is a natural supplement that has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine. It is high in growth hormone, which has been linked to various benefits such as anti-aging, increased muscle mass, and improved cognitive function. However, it also comes with some risks, such as the potential growth for cancer that’s already in the system.
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Whether your asphalt needs repairing, resurfacing or maintaining, we’ll get the job done right the first time.
In Australia, when we talk about bitumen and asphalt, we tend to use the words interchangeably. Typically, we think of our road surfaces as being ‘bitumen’. But in fact, bitumen is used to make asphalt – the substance commonly used in the construction of road surfaces.
Bitumen is a black viscous mixture of hydrocarbons, obtained naturally or as the residue from the refinement of crude oil. Once melted down into a sticky substance, it can be combined and mixed with crushed rock to make asphalt. This is the asphalt we then use for car parks, driveways, roads and much more!
While we’re talking about the terms of our trade, once the asphalt is laid, it’s referred to as a ‘pavement’.
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Crystals are used around the world for their healing properties. From helping you reduce anxiety to providing mental clarity, crystals can help align your energies for physical and emotional well-being. Being a part of mother earth, crystals carry within them the natural energies of the earth, sun, and the moon. They are said to balance the yin and yang.
However, since men and women are wired differently, there are some stones that work well for masculine energy while other stones have more feminine qualities. Crystals for men usually have dominant masculine energy as compared to crystals like rose quartz or moonstone that are predominantly feminine. As more men are getting interested in wellness and healing through crystals, we look at some ways in which men can add crystals to their lives.
Adding Crystals To Your Life As A Man
- Carrying crystals to work: To use a crystal optimally, ensure that it’s in contact with your body. This way, the body can tap into the healing energies of the stone easily. You can carry them in your pocket to work or place them on your desk. To increase confidence at the workplace, carry a green tourmaline. Green tourmaline helps men tap into their inner strengths and open their hearts. This further helps them find their passion and purpose. Carrying a green tourmaline to the office can help you find passion in your work. For those of you spending long hours in front of your computer screen, you can use shungite to purify and neutralize your energy.
- Using Crystals To Attract Love: A stone like malachite works well for logical and action-oriented men. Malachite helps them transform their behavior patterns and open up to love. Malachite can give them the strength to break old habits and learn to receive love. This stone makes you work for what you want instead of just setting an intention and waiting. This makes malachite ideal for action-oriented men.
- Meditating with Crystals: Crystals can be used for meditation. You can use crystals for grounding or feeling your connection with mother earth. For those who fear the unfamiliar and are resistant to change, meditating with the tiger’s eye stone can help. It helps remove limiting blocks and rigid patterns, thereby helping you think out of the box. Tiger’s eye also helps you to understand your fears and overcome them. For grounding and centeredness, you can use stones like jasper and hematite that help you establish your connection with the universe. This is especially needed when you may be under pressure and feel trapped in situations.
- Using Crystals For Yoga: Busy men may find it difficult to get their to-do lists out of their minds. Even when they’re exercising or relaxing, their work keeps bothering them. To de-clutter your mind, you can start doing yoga with crystals kept next to you. You have to study and know the meaning of amethyst, rose quartz, citrine and other crystals that give a serene atmosphere during yoga. Amethyst is an excellent stone to help you get out of your head and relax while keeping you grounded at the same time.
- Add Crystals To Your Home Décor: Nowadays, large pieces of crystals are being used in living spaces as statement pieces. This trend works well for you if you want to shift the energy of your living space. Besides looking beautiful, large crystals can also shift the energy of your space and bring you prosperity, abundance, and wealth. Pyrite is a crystal that helps you attract wealth by guiding you in the right direction to make thoughtful business decisions. It also protects you from any negative energy. You can carry a small piece of pyrite in your pocket to attract the energy of wealth.
- Wearing Crystals As Bands: One of the easiest ways to use crystals is to wear them as bands. This way, the crystals are constantly in touch with your body and can work their healing magic. Agate crystal bands can be worn to bring hope and security when you feel depressed. They can keep you grounded. Turquoise has been used by Native Americans to ward off evil and change perspectives for the better. Besides these, you can choose from a variety of stones and wear them as bands. Besides healing, the bands can help you look stylish.
Caring For Your Crystals
Once you’ve bought the crystals you need, it’s equally important to care for them. Crystals are alive and require regular cleansing and charging to work optimally. The more often you use your stones, the more often cleansing is required. Make it a routine to clean your stones once a month. You’ll know that your stone is cleansed as it’ll feel energetic and lighter. Below, are a few things you can do to clean your crystals.
- Running them Under Tap Water: Water cleanses the stone of negativity by draining it out and returning it to the earth. For cleaning your crystals, you can place them under running tap water for one minute at least. However, don’t use this method for soft, brittle stones as they may get damaged
- Soak Them In Saltwater: Saltwater is known for absorbing and removing negative energy. For cleaning your stones, take water in a bowl and add rock salt to it. Then add your stones. Make sure your stones are completely immersed in water. They can be kept in salt water for approximately forty-eight hours. Once done. Wash them off and pat them dry.
- Energizing Your Stones: The best way to naturally energize your stones is to keep them out on a full moon night and bring them in by 11:00 am. This way, your stones will get charged by moonlight and sunlight. Make sure to remove them by 11:00 am as the harsh afternoon rays of the sun can harm soft crystals.
Since men and women think differently and deal with life in different ways, stones for them are also different. While men require stones with masculine energies like green tourmaline or a tiger’s eye, softer stones like amethyst can also be beneficial.
Cleaning your crystals regularly can help you remove negative energy and remove blockages that are hindering your well-being. Clean crystals allow free-flowing energy to flow through them for healing and abundance. Follow the tips above to add healing crystals to your life.
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This section of the book is from the "Introduction To Public Finance" book, by Carl Copping Plehn.
Public credit is only one form of general credit, and it is comparatively easy to point out wherein the former differs from the latter.
1 See Bastable, p. 567.
But credit in itself is by no means easy to define. Scarcely any two of the able writers who have treated the subject are agreed as to its most important features. It has, moreover, as a term in common use, suffered so many subtle changes in meaning in the course of its history as to leave its modern significance full of dangerous variations. The ordinary business man uses the word daily to convey half a dozen or more different ideas without recognising the differences. Scientific writers have waged long and bitter controversies concerning its proper definition.1 Without going deeply into the controversy, we may say that there are practically three opposing views as to the real nature of credit. First, there are those writers, who, like Nebenius and Rau, start from the etymological meaning of the term and maintain that the confidence, or trust, reposed by the creditor in the ability of the debtor to fulfil an agreement in the future is the chief element in credit.2 Second, there is a class of writers who, like Knies, regard this element of confidence, a mere psychical condition, as too intangible, too immaterial, to be of any value for a scientific definition.
1 A good idea of the extent of the controversy and of the conflicting views can be gained from Knies, Der Kredit, Berlin, 1876.
2 Nebenius, Der öffentliche Credit, Carlsruhe und Baden, 2d ed., 1829 ; Rau, Finanzwissenschaft, 3d ed., Heidelberg, 1851 ; II. Abt, p. 248.
They proceed entirely from observation of those transactions which are said to involve the use of credit, and find in all such transactions one feature which is never present in transactions not designated as credit transactions. That feature is that the completion of the transaction is regarded as being postponed to a future time. This element of time, this postponement, must then, they argue, be the essence of credit. Credit is, in their eyes, merely a means of transferring ownership temporarily, a means of paying for present goods with a greater quantity of future ones. Third, there is still another school, who, like McLeod, regard credit as analogous to money, money being regarded as representing claims on the wealth of the whole community, while a credit is a similar claim on the wealth of some particular individual. McLeod even goes so far as to identify the claim, the order, the promise to pay, or the right to demand with "the credit." " A credit," says McLeod, " in Law, Commerce, and Economics, is the Right which one Person, the Creditor, has to compel another Person, the Debtor, to Pay or Do something."1 Professor Sherwood has developed this in a more scientific manner.
1 Theory of Credit, L, 315. In a very scholarly article published in the Quarterly Journal of Economics, January, 1894, Professor Sherwood discusses the nature and mechanism of credit in a way to throw a great deal of new light upon the subject. I do not believe that his analysis can be improved upon. He distinguishes particularly the credit basis of money, as generic or
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What has usually disturbed these moments are memories of guilt and shame, carried by the ego and which resurfaces every now and then, causing discomfort. These feelings could be because of one's own (mis) deeds or another's.
What if you can be totally convinced that no action is anyone's doing, that all action was merely a happening that simply had to happen?
This is what spiritual seeking is all about. Masters may talk about enlightenment or Self-realisation, but what it means is to be able to experience the peace and tranquility that the sage enjoys in his day-to-day life.
A sage is considered a sage because he seems to be anchored in peace and tranquility while facing the pains and pleasures of day-to-day living in his chosen field of activity, like any other ordinary person.
'Self-realisation', to the sage, simply means the realisation – the absolute, total conviction – that 'events happen, deeds are done, but there is no individual doer thereof," as Buddha put it. Both the sage and the ordinary person respond to their respective names being called. In both cases, therefore, there is identification with body and name as an individual entity separate from all others. The difference is that whereas the sage knows that "events happen, deeds are done, but there is no individual doer thereof," the ordinary person has the conviction that each individual performs his action and is responsible for it.
Every action is happening according to a Cosmic Law and not because of something 'done' by an individual human being. If this is accepted, it also has to be accepted that no one can blame anyone for whatever happens through any body-mind organism. Therefore, he need not blame himself for any action, need not feel guilt or shame for any action; he need not also hate anyone for whatever might hurt him in...
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The annual costs of maintaining Minnesota gray wolves (Canis lupus), now numbering about 2,500, under 2 plans are compared: (1) maintaining a population of about 1,400 primarily in the wilderness and semi-wilderness as recommended by the Eastern Timber Wolf Recovery Plan, and (2) allowing wolves to continue colonizing agricultural areas for 5 years after removal from the endangered species list, as recommended by a consensus of wolf stakeholders (Minnesota Wolf Management Roundtable). Under the first plan, each year an estimated 27 farms would suffer livestock losses; wolves would kilt about 3 dogs; 36 wolves would be destroyed; and the cost per wolf in the total population would be $86. Under the second plan, conservative estimates are that by the year 2005, there would be an estimated 3,500 wolves; each year 94-171 farms would suffer damage; wolves would kill 8-52 dogs; 109-438 wolves would have to be killed for depredation control; and the annual cost averaged over the total population would be $86 for each of the 1,438 wolves living primarily in the wilderness and an additional $197 for each wolf outside the wilderness.
Additional publication details
Estimated costs of maintaining a recovered wolf population in agricultural regions of Minnesota
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Other Literary Forms
Aleksandr Petrovich Sumarokov is by common consent the first full-fledged representative of Russian classicism. Consciously assuming the role of Russia’s Jean Racine, Molière, Jean de La Fontaine, and Nicolas Boileau all in one, Sumarokov wrote prolifically in all the literary genres fashionable for French neoclassicism: tragedies, comedies, pastorals, lyrics, odes, satires, fables, epistles, elegies, heroides, sonnets, songs, ballads, rondos, madrigals, epigrams, and inscriptions. A complete ten-volume collection of his works was first published in Moscow, Polnoe sobranie vsekh sochineniy v stikhakh i proze (1781-1787). A more recent collection of his works in verse, Izbrannye proizvedeniya, was published in Leningrad by the Library of the Poet in 1953. A second edition was published by the Library of the Poet in 1957.
Most of Sumarokov’s literary work is in verse, with the exception of his comedies, which in themselves represent a break from the true classical tradition inasmuch as tragedy was the genre most highly valued by the classicists. The higher, more solemn verse forms Sumarokov wrote in the “lofty style,” using Alexandrine meter adapted to Russian in a close imitation of French neoclassical poetry. In contrast, Sumarokov’s numerous fables have a more open Russian form without a fixed stanza or rhyme scheme, in the manner of the free verse of La Fontaine’s fables. Sumarokov’s songs show still greater variety of...
(The entire section is 491 words.)
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We will all leave quarantine and enter a new world with a different economy, with different priorities and prospects, with other limitations and opportunities. The better we understand it now, the easier our acclimation will be.
Despite the drama that the media love so much when adequate experts and sober-minded people reflect on the current stage of development, they do not regret the past and face the future with hope.
Their common denominator is undeniable: scientific and technological progress as we knew it, slowed down a long time ago and placed the world before global threats, which are its integral side effects. Simply put, on the previous path, we destroyed ourselves by mercilessly wasting resources and instilling the paradigm of consumer degradation in people’s minds.
The Guardian columnist Denny Dorling believes that the coronavirus has become an emergency alarm, a pressed emergency-brake-button that will help humanity wake up and move on to other tracks. It is time to break the stupor.
We were told that we are moving toward a bright, enlightened, cultural, civilized world, but at the same time, we were led into the dark reality of international corporations, international capital, endless work, hopeless unemployment, constant environmental crises, and a total dullness.
However, trends are breaking down whether we want it or not. The future is knocking on the door, and it is not what we have seen in the past. If we reject and ignore it, the world runs the risk of falling into turbulence compared to which the coronavirus will appear as child’s play. And therefore, it is necessary to respond to this alarm call right now.
According to the wisdom of Kabbalah, each new stage includes five steps. First, it is implicitly born, then it actually appears, then we begin to pay attention to it, then we resist the changes we face, and finally we accept them for lack of another way out.
In this maturation algorithm, the coronavirus itself will not be a decisive trigger. To some extent, it wears us out of the old, but it does not allow us to get used to the new, and does not reveal or clarify itself in our minds so far.
Nevertheless, the process has started, and with time, it will occur to us that forgetting about it as a nightmare will not work. Then we will think about how to build our future lives, and we will inevitably have to float above the fog.
The essence of the current situation is that it requires changing socio-economic relations and adopting a new approach to budget allocation. Since 2008, it has become clear that in times of crisis, people will have to be provided with a decent life.
Now we are beginning to understand: life should not only be tolerable but generally procured for on the economical level, and meaningful, integral, mutually enriching on the human level
This is what the period of self-isolation brings us to, and the world cannot wait for the end of it. Now, out of hopelessness, we are depriving ourselves of our former joys because we understand that everyone is responsible for each other. But we are responsible for each other even without the virus!
This is the key lesson, and you must not miss it! The contours of a future society emerge as more uniform, caring, and interconnected; everything needs to be gradually restructured for it: schools, professions, systems, and views.
At first, all this will seem artificial, raw, and awkward. What can you do? Shoes need to be worn, fruits must be grown, children must be educated. But this will allow the world to enter an inevitable, new era without excesses caused by its total rejection.
And here, we, the people of Israel, have a decisive role to play. Why? Because we have always been open to the new. We did not just accept it, we brought it closer and shaped it. Surprisingly, two opposites live in us: a steadfast commitment to our original foundations and a fantastic readiness for change, unprecedented adaptability, eternal search, and eternal impulse.
Unfortunately, we do not want to understand ourselves, where it comes from, and what it means. But time does not wait; it clearly demonstrates to the world that these qualities of ours are now becoming critically important. We are able to understand and accept the new by showing a good example to everyone.
In the meantime, while we sleep in quarantine, other nations of the world hate us more and more. They do not recognize the true causes of this hatred, but they feel that we are harming them. Today, of course, we are accused of this pandemic, and at the same time, vaccines are expected from us.
In reality, the world indiscriminately expects from the Jews a cure for the main ailment—selfishness. And until people get it, anti-Semitism will flourish. After all, it is imbued in humanity ever since the Jews became a nation at the foot of Mount Sinai.
Therefore, only one thing will help us and the world in the end: the awakening of Israel from hibernation. This is another lesson of the coronavirus. No matter how much we shrug it off, it will not help. They still expect help from us even when we are being stigmatized and accused of completely delusional sins.
What can we give the world? What will it accept from us with sincere gratitude and recognize as “paying off debts”?
Communication. We can give the world a human connection that will solve all problems. We can form a society that meets the challenges of the times.
In our century, this is called by the pejorative term “socialism,” but I am not afraid of this word. Yes, socialism is also our offspring. And although on it stands the ignominy of the Soviet experiment, it is only because you must not pluck an unripe fruit, it is impossible to forcefully impose relationships for which neither people nor circumstances have ripened.
This was best described by Mark Golansky, Doctor of Economics, who in 1987 spoke of the impending collapse of the USSR as if he had seen it with his own eyes: “The time of capitalism,” he writes, “is the modern period of development, and the time of socialism is the future period of maturity. These two systems are actually two successive stages of the existence of mankind, and it is better for them not to intersect in time.
Capitalism will not be fit for a mature society. To maintain the achieved standard of living, society needs a system that is more resistant to environmental turmoil and less sensitive to profitability. Such a conclusion is unequivocally led by forecasts predicting at the time of the transformation of capitalism into socialism such a high level of integration of the world capitalist system that it becomes one and indivisible.”
We are approaching this milestone now. And the coronavirus is in fact a part of the environmental problems that humanity is facing.
Kabbalah adds to this another layer that links everything together: today, we are faced not with nature but with ourselves. Nature is not spontaneous, it is our mother, and it always meets our level of development. And today, the pressure on nature is caused by the fact that the time has come for us to grow and change. The world is almost ripe. And who will help it realize what is happening if not us?
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California was in unprecedented danger. Within the first several weeks of summer, the Golden Coast was crippled by the highest levels of freaking on record. Worse, the California Gurls responsible had spread throughout the region, compromising the entire state. As anthropologists, there was no choice but to act.
In our field, we are presented with a thesaurus of adjectives to describe our indigenous subjects. And yet, upon our arrival at a beachfront party, we found only two words that could classify these California Gurls: unforgettable and undeniable. (A coupling formerly believed to be impossible by the natural sciences.)
We maneuvered through the Daisy-Duke and bikini-clad masses undetected, careful not to displace a California Gurl’s Jeep or stiletto. As soon as we located the pack leader, the only gurl who possessed both a Jeep and stilettos, we directed our attention exclusively to her.
The queen, emitting a strong odor of cherry chapstick, led the gurls in a host of tasks, such as tanning, putting hands up, and, of course, freaking in Jeeps. At the height of this exhibition, the monarch showed her approval on her subjects by releasing a harrowing shriek: “Aaoaoao oh aoaoaoa!” This was a horrible tribal yell that none should repeat audibly, and we deem it a social blessing that only those in attendance would hear it uttered.
Our vantage point was fantastic, but the screeching gave us no option but to move to a safe distance. Shortly into our relocation, several aggressive California Gurls intercepted us. Surprisingly, the gurls were incredibly polite—offering us popsicles and bottled water. We thanked them and immediately drank the liquid (we were terribly dehydrated from the encroaching freaking), unaware that we’d made a fatal error.
There was something in the water. After swallowing it, our muscles instantly atrophied and our throats constricted, rendering us completely defenseless. Our limbs were wooden; our insides felt as if they were drying out. As a desperate last resort, we looked to our popsicles. We struggled, but slowly we were able to bring the perspiring treats to our mouths. Again we were thwarted, this time by a pack of newly suntanned California Gurls who formed a heat-propelling phalanx around us, effectively melting the popsicles—and all hope.
Now on the California pavement, we struggled to maintain consciousness. As if fueled by our ruin, the partying intensified. We observed as near nuclear tanning spells erupted, accompanied by fierce freaking and what seemed like an endless session of putting hands up. We heard the obstructed bellow of the queen as she released her horrible, unmentionable shrieking: “Aoaoaoao oh aoaoaoao!”
Thankfully, Snoop Dogg arrived toned, tanned, fit, and ready. For what exactly, we could only speculate.
We gasped for Snoop to save us from these California Gurls—these California sirens. To our bewilderment, the emcee simply smirked at us before allowing himself to be swept away by a riptide of gurls. “Snoop!” we gasped, “It’s suicide!” But it was too late.
We wept quietly for Snoop until moments later, when we overheard his unmistakable voice insisting that he was okay! Optimism abounded in our afflicted group, and we praised Snoop’s bravery. However, our faith was deflated when the rapper sabotaged his status report by denying any rumors that he would play, and pledging himself to the Bay.
Snoop had fallen victim to the gurls, and we cursed them. He conceded to the queen (or his “queen-ie”) and lauded magnanimous amounts of praise upon her, supplementing this respect for her owning a Jeep as well. Also, at some point he rhymed bikini with “tankini”, which caused a trickle of blood to begin flowing from my nostrils.
For hours we lay incapacitated, sucking short bursts of air as Snoop and the California Gurls, so undeniable, partied around us. Occasionally we would receive a stiletto to the cheek, followed by a speckle of sand to the eye.
“They don’t even mind sand in their stilettos,” I wearily remarked to a colleague, unaware he was already dead.
Fortunately, at the eleventh hour, several research assistants whom we ordered to wait in the anthropology van rescued us. Before they too could fall victim to the gurls, the assistants extracted those of us lucky to be alive.
We implore that no one visit California until this summer of freaking subsides. At current, the area is completely unstable. Furthermore, do not attempt to even observe a party alongside the gurls. For, even as you fall victim to their poison charms, you can feel yourself falling in love. Most of all, do not disrupt the nature of these California Gurls, because they have it on lock.
My God, they have it on lock.
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What is ATR?
Average True Range is another indicator developed by J. Welles Wilder, and proposed in his 1978 book - New Concepts in Technical Trading Systems. Average True Range is a volatility indicator. ATR displays the degree of volatility, in other words, shows the average move of an asset during a given time frame. The indicator is used to complement other trading signals for trade entries and is a popular indicator for trade exits.
The formula to calculate the Average True Range is the following:
ATR = ((Previous ATR x Periods - 1) + Current TR) / Periods
Where TR is the True Range, which is calculated as follows:
TR = max(high, previous close) - min(low, previous close)
The final outcome of the Average True Range calculation is usually plotted on a chart below the main price chart. We can see an example of a plotted ATR indicator from Fondex cTrader below.
To add an ATR indicator in Fondex cTrader, right-click on the chart and navigate to Indicators > Volatility > Average True Range. After clicking on Average True Range, the below form will appear.
In this form you select the ATR periods, the MA Type, customize your line’s color thickness and type, and press OK. As soon as you press OK, the ATR indicator will be added to the bottom of your screen.
Using ATR in trading
In contrast to other indicators like moving averages and oscillators, average true range is rarely used as a primary indicator for generating trading signals. ATR is mostly used as a confirmation indicator, or as an indicator for preventing false signals coming from other sources. As explained above, ATR is a figure that provides information about the current market volatility. It also indicates how much the markets moved in a certain direction. For example, ATR can be used to prevent late entries from trend entry signals coming from trend indicators or other sources of technical analysis. A high ATR value at the moment you are receiving a trend signal is an indication that you might have come late to the party, since the high ATR value indicates a high activity during the previous periods, signalling that the trend might be nearing its end. So even if you got an entry signal from e.g. a MACD crossover, it might not be such a good idea after all. Below we can see some cases like this in Fondex cTrader.
In the chart above, we can see a typical three SMA setup. The yellow rectangle highlights a setup and potential signal for a sell position, since both the short and medium EMAs cross the slow EMA from above, a short signal in such a strategy. If we monitor the ATR indicator at the same time, however, we can notice that before the crossover took place we had a non-typical increase of volatility. If we look at the chart, we can observe that the price fell unusually fast, not allowing the EMAs to follow accordingly. The high ATR level hints that this signal might have arrived a little bit too late, and that the trend might have already been exhausted. Indeed, the price movement following this event confirms the concerns raised by the ATR. In this case, the ATR indicator would have saved us from a false positive and a reversal that would lead to potential losses.
The chart below demonstrates the opposite scenario
This time, we can notice a buy signal generated by the EMA crossovers. In this case, ATR tells us that the volatility is rather low compared to the rest of the time, showing that the market was in a phase of consolidation and that a new trend might be in the making. Now the average true range indicator works as a confirmation indicator, providing us with more confidence about the expected price movement direction. Indeed the forthcoming market action confirms this expectation.
Another major use of the ATR indicator is that of an indication as to where to place your stop losses. The ATR value is displayed in pips, and it is a good metric of the range the market is moving within at that moment, so traders usually place their stop losses further away than the ATR (usually at a distance of 1.5 or 2 ATR), so that they allow their trade to absorb noise caused by market volatility and close their positions when the price starts moving in the opposite direction beyond the current volatility range. A popular subproduct of the ATR indicator is the ATR Stops indicator, which plots the stop levels directly on the price chart. Below we can see ATR Stops plotted on a Fondex cTrader chart
The green line above and below the chart prices indicates the appropriate levels for a stop loss to be placed when a position is opened. ATR stops are also frequently used as trailing stop loss levels in automated strategies.
Limitations of the Average True Range
Average True Range, as any other technical indicator, always needs to be used in context. An out of context interpretation of ATR values can generate a lot of false signals that could lead to substantial losses. Therefore, when using the ATR indicator, always consider the fundamentals that currently move the market, and combine the signals with other confirmation signals, such as trend indicators, support/resistance levels and the relevant price action taking place on the chart.
*The products advertised are only available to clients under Fondex Limited Seychelles (SDL No: SD037).
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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Glasser sheds light on the profound wounds, physical and emotional, that our troops face in Iraq.In this gripping account of the human cost of the war in Iraq, Dr. Ronald Glasser offers an unparalleled description of the horror endured daily by the troops on the ground. Written by the author of bestselling 365 Days, this critical analysis focuses on those wounded in combat. Throughout, Glasser compares the U.S. military engagement in Vietnam to the current involvement in Iraq, drawing significant and frightening parallels.
About Ronald J. GlasserSee more books from this Author
Glasser (365 Days), who served as an Army physician during the Vietnam war, details the breakthroughs in technology, medical procedures and body armor that have made the Iraq war more survivable than previous conflicts but notes a depressing side effect: soldiers now survive horrific wounds that ...| Read Full Review of Wounded: Vietnam/Iraq
An aggregated and normalized score based on 10 user ratings from iDreamBooks & iTunes
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<urn:uuid:8c659270-025f-4d1b-8d3b-7e91bf4f3042>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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Sustainability between Necessity, Contingency and Impossibility
Sustainable use of natural resources seems necessary to maintain functions and services of eco- and social systems in the long run. Efforts in policy and science for sustainable development have shown the splintering of local, national and global strategies. Sustainability becomes contingent and insecure with the actors´ conflicting knowledge, interests and aims, and seems even impossible through the “rebound”-effect. To make short and long term requirements of sustainability coherent requires critical, comparative and theoretical analysis of the problems met. For this purpose important concepts and theories are discussed in this review of recent interdisciplinary literature about resource management.
References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Böhringer, Christoph & Jochem, Patrick, 2006.
"Measuring the immeasurable: a survey of substainability indices,"
ZEW Discussion Papers
06-73, ZEW - Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung / Center for European Economic Research.
- Bohringer, Christoph & Jochem, Patrick E.P., 2007. "Measuring the immeasurable -- A survey of sustainability indices," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(1), pages 1-8, June.
- Hirsch Hadorn, Gertrude & Bradley, David & Pohl, Christian & Rist, Stephan & Wiesmann, Urs, 2006. "Implications of transdisciplinarity for sustainability research," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 60(1), pages 119-128, November.
When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:1:y:2009:i:4:p:1388-1411:d:6551. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.
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Chainring bolts perform the simple task of securing one or more chainrings to the chainset spider, and in the case of many MTBs, a bash guard as well.
Do I need new chainring bolts?
Chainring bolts made of Steel or Titanium will typically last longer and can be re-used more times than aluminum bolts. They also handle torque better. Aluminum bolts are lighter and come in more colors. If the bolts look good and function smoothly, there is usually no reason to replace them.
How tight should chainring bolts be?
A Shimano “General Operations” manual states the tightening torque for road chainwheels is 12-14 N-m. For mountain bike chainwheels it’s upped to 14-16 N-m for large and middle ring and 16-17 N-m for the smallest ring of a triple.
Do chainring bolts need grease?
In other words all metal to metal threads should be greased or thread-locked…. this seems to be the rule. Yes, grease the chainring bolts. You could try a very very weak thread lock, but grease is enough.
Do Shimano chainrings come with bolts?
The thing is that the bolts needed for the BB were a larger diameter than the ones with crank, so those are the ones I used. But every time I have bought a Shimano BB, they come with bolts, and every high end Shimano crankset also tends to come with bolts.
What are chainring bolts?
Chainring bolts perform the simple task of securing one or more chainrings to the chainset spider, and in the case of many MTBs, a bash guard as well. … The outer nut has a standard external diameter of 10mm so theoretically the bolts can be used to fit any chainset.
Do you need Loctite on chainring bolts?
It won’t harm anything. But it’s not needed. When properly tightened, chainring bolts don’t come loose.
Do you put Loctite on chainring bolts?
Chainring bolts don’t need much torque and they rarely come loose (i’m inclined to say never). Loctite will just make removal more difficult, and generous coat of grease will prevent corrosion just fine in practice.
Are all chainring bolts the same size?
Chainring Bolts come in many different lengths and are often referred to as single, double or triple which a rough guide only. … Single bolts are generally between 3.5 – 5.0mm Long. Double bolts are generally between 5.0 – 6.5mm long. Triple bolts are generally 7.0mm or longer.
Do I grease crank bolts?
So for our René Herse cranks, we recommend that you lightly grease the crank spindle. … Crank bolts can loosen over time, but that does not mean that you should re-tighten them. Instead, remove your cranks every couple of years and inspect them for cracks. (You should do this with all cranks, no matter the brand.)
What is copper grease?
Copper grease is an anti seize compound designed to operate at extremes of temperature. Note, it is not a lubricant. It is often used to help prevent seizing and corrosion at high temperatures in the automotive industry.
Should you grease bike bolts?
@ChristianLindig It’s the norm for manufacturers to not recommend greasing the taper, but greasing the bolts is a pretty universal practice.
Are all 4 bolt chainrings the same?
On a chainring with 4 bolts, the BCD is the distance between two bolts across from each other. … If this is the case, then the distance between adjacent bolts will be different as you move around the chainring and standard chainrings will not fit.
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