text
stringlengths 181
608k
| id
stringlengths 47
47
| dump
stringclasses 3
values | url
stringlengths 13
2.97k
| file_path
stringlengths 125
140
| language
stringclasses 1
value | language_score
float64 0.65
1
| token_count
int64 50
138k
| score
float64 1.5
5
| int_score
int64 2
5
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Codfish result of twenty minutes of fishing with hand lines near
Kodiak Island, AK, 1888, steamer Albatross.
Image ID: fish7849, NOAA's Historic Fisheries Collection
Location: Alaska, Kodiak Island
Photographer: Archival Photographer Stefan Claesson
Credit: Gulf of Maine Cod Project, NOAA National Marine Sanctuaries; Courtesy of National Archives
Category: Historic Fisheries/
• High Resolution Photo Available
|
<urn:uuid:60e00b3f-c33c-4067-bd96-d1d1ee0c3ba7>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/htmls/fish7849.htm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00575-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.721317
| 91
| 1.710938
| 2
|
Aldred (d.1069) (DNB00)
ALDRED (d. 1069), archbishop of York, first appears as a monk of Winchester. He succeeded Lyfing as abbot of Tavistock, and was therefore probably appointed in 1027. In 1044 he was made bishop of Worcester. He was an active, politic, self-seeking man, more given to secular than to ecclesiastical life, a traveller, an ambassador, even a soldier. He did not escape the frequent accusations of simony and lack of learning, and was certainly greedy of gain. At the same time he was magnificent and courageous. King Eadward was much under his influence, for he valued the bishop's power of pacifying quarrels and winning over enemies. In 1046 Aldred probably arranged a peace with Gruffydd of North Wales. The same year Gruffydd of South Wales and pirates from Ireland invaded Gloucestershire. Aldred led a force against them. He was betrayed by some Welsh in his army, was defeated, and forced to flee. In 1050 he went over to Flanders, and brought back with him Sweyn, the son of Godwine, who had taken refuge there after the murder of Beorn, and procured the restoration of his earldom. About this time he was sent to Rome ‘on the king's errand,’ which is said to have been to gain the papal absolution for the non-fulfilment of a vow of pilgrimage. When, in 1051, Godwine and his sons were outlawed by the witan, Aldred was sent to intercept Harold and Leofwine as they fled to Bristol, which was then in his diocese of Worcester, to take ship there; but he did not overtake them, and probably did not care to do so. In 1053 he had a chance which he did not neglect. The abbot of Winchcombe died, and Aldred took the abbey into his own hands. He was not able to hold it long, for the next year the king sent him on an embassy to the Emperor Henry III, and, as he could not leave the abbotship vacant, he gave up his profitable guardianship before he left. The object of his mission was to prevail on the emperor to persuade the king of Hungary to send Eadgar, the son of Eadmund Ironside, to England, for Eadward wished that he should succeed him. Aldred was received with great honour by the emperor, and stayed for a year with Archbishop Hermann at Cöln. There he saw the discipline and the splendour which that magnificent prelate had introduced into the German church, and did not fail to learn some lessons in these matters. His embassy was successful. In 1056 the vacant see of Hereford was committed to him, and he held it for four years, along with his own bishopric, and for about two years during the retirement of Hermann, he also took charge of the diocese of Ramsbury. He did not become bishop of these dioceses, but had charge of them, and received their revenues. In 1058 he finished rebuilding the monastic church of St. Peter at Gloucester and consecrated it. Then having brought this work to an end, he gave over the bishopric of Ramsbury to its former bishop, and went on pilgrimage. In doing this he was following a fashion which then obtained on the Continent. No English bishop, however, had as yet journeyed to Jerusalem. Thither Aldred went, ‘with such worship as none other ever did before,’ and offered at the Lord's tomb a gold chalice of wonderful work (Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, sub an. 1058).
On Christmas day, 1060, Aldred was elected archbishop of York. On his election he gave up the vacant bishopric of Hereford which he held, and another bishop was appointed. The bishopric of Worcester, however, he did not give up, but held it along with the see of York, as some of his predecessors had done before him. The next year Aldred set out for Rome for the second time, for the purpose of receiving the pall. With him travelled Tostig and his wife, and Gyrth and a gallant company. At Rome they found Gisa of Wells and Walter of Hereford, who had come to seek consecration, and who were charged, in conjunction with Aldred, with some business for the king. The two bishops obtained their wish. Aldred was not so fortunate. In a synod which was then sitting he was accused of ignorance, of simony, of having accepted translation without papal license, and of holding the see of Worcester along with the archbishopric. For these offences Pope Nicolas, with the consent of the synod, not only refused him the pall, but degraded him from the episcopate (Vita Edwardi, p. 411, ed. Luard, in Rolls Series). Aldred and his party left the city. They were robbed by brigands, and returned to Rome unhurt but penniless. Tostig turned this mishap to the advantage of Aldred. He rated the pope well for the disorders of his land, and threatened to tell all that had happened when he reached home, and then, he said, the king will no longer pay St. Peter's tribute. Nicolas yielded. The pope gave Aldred the pall on the sole condition of his giving up Worcester. Aldred fulfilled the condition, but managed to keep back twelve manors from Wulfstan, the new bishop. As archbishop, Aldred did not forget the lessons he had learnt at Cöln. He found his church still suffering from the effects of the ravages of the Northmen, and its poverty is made the excuse for his unfair dealing with the see of Worcester. This poverty caused the canons of his church to become careless in ecclesiastical matters; they lived apart in their own houses, dressed like laymen, and neglected their duty. Aldred introduced the Lotharingian discipline, which Leofric and Gisa adopted at Exeter and Wells. Greedy as he was, he did not grudge spending money for the cause of the church. At York and Southwell he built a refectory, so that the canons might eat together, and no longer frequent the market in unseemly dress. He bade them wear clerical garments, be attentive to almsgiving, and keep the festivals of the departed. At Beverley he finished both a dormitory and a refectory, which had been begun by his predecessors, Ælfric and Kinsy; for the Lotharingian rule required canons to live wholly in common. At York a dormitory certainly existed in his time, for it was repaired by his successor Thomas. He is said to have added prebends to Southwell; it is more probable that he gave estates to the church which were afterwards made into separate prebends. At Beverley he rebuilt a large part of the church, and covered it with a ceiling gorgeous in gold and colours, and set up a pulpit enriched with the work of German goldsmiths. At his bidding Folcard, a monk of Canterbury, afterwards abbot of Thorney, wrote his ‘Life of St. John of Beverley’ (Hist. of the Church of York, ed. Raine, in Rolls Series; Acta SS., May, vol. ii.)
It is maintained, on the authority of Florence of Worcester, that Aldred crowned Harold. As it was held that Stigand was uncanonically appointed, the question as to whether he or Aldred performed the ceremony became of great importance, as bearing on Harold's kingly position. In the face of the assertion that the coronation was performed by Stigand—made by the writer of the ‘De Inventione Crucis’ (c. 30), by William of Poitiers (Scriptores rerum gest. W. I., Giles, p. 121), and by Orderic (Hist. Norman. Scriptores, Duchesne, p. 492), and of the indirect witness of the Bayeux tapestry—it seems impossible to accept the statement of Florence, who, independently of his patriotic sympathy, had special reasons for magnifying Aldred; for the archbishop was the patron as well as the spoiler of the church of Worcester. (For the question argued at length in favour of Aldred as the officiating archbishop, see Freeman's Norman Conquest, iii. 42, 616.)
After the battle of Hastings, Aldred joined with the Earls Eadwine and Morkere at London in upholding the rights of Eadgar. The cause was hopeless, and he and the rest of Eadgar's party submitted to the Conqueror at Berkhampstead. In consequence of the defect in Stigand's appointment, Aldred was chosen to crown William. He dictated to him the triple oath, that he would defend the church, rule his people justly, and set up good law. He also crowned Matilda in 1068. Aldred was a loyal subject to the Conqueror; he was often at his court, and helped to maintain the peace of the kingdom. He was no tool of Norman oppression, and his courageous spirit is shown by the story of his resentment of an encroachment of the Sheriff Urse on the church at Worcester, expressed in the words preserved by William of Malmesbury—
Hightest thou Urse,
Have thou God's curse.
The story of his appearing before the king, reminding him of his coronation oath, and changing his blessing into a curse, on the occasion of an act of injustice, told differently by William of Malmesbury and by T. Stubbs, and of the king's fear and penitence, can scarcely be literally true. It must, however, have some foundation of fact, and at least serves to show the impression which Aldred made on men's minds. In 1069 he heard of the entrance of the Danish fleet into the Humber, and of the rising of the North. He prayed that he might not see the evils which were coming on his church and land. His prayer was heard. He died 11 Sept., and was buried in his cathedral church of St. Peter's.[Anglo-Saxon Chronicle; Florence of Worcester; Simeon of Durham; Roger of Hoveden; William of Malmesbury, Gesta Pontif.; T. Stubbs, Actus Pontif. Ebor.; Freeman, Norman Conquest, vols. ii. iii. iv. passim; Fasti Eboracenses, Dixon ed. Raine; Stubbs, Reg. Sac. Anglic.]
|
<urn:uuid:21ff9c62-4b45-40c9-a198-fe30d56d1305>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Aldred_(d.1069)_(DNB00)
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719465.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00096-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.990626
| 2,239
| 2.640625
| 3
|
African art > African mask, tribal art, primitive art > Kumu mask
Kumu mask (N° 18324)
Probably from clans living in the north of the Uituri region, this refined mask, where the only detail on the protruding mouth is a crenellation representing a dentition, is brushed with white clay. This decoration evokes the animal world, with color pigments similar to those that adorn the bodies during initiation rites. Satin surface. Insect prints.
Watch the video
The Kumu , Bakumu, Komo, live primarily in the northeast and central Democratic Republic of Congo. Their Bantu language is Komo or Kikomo . Several ethnic groups are closely intertwined, with similar associations: the Mbole, Yela, Lengola, and Metoko. Their artistic production also has great similarities with that of the Metoko and Lengola. Their divination masks were exhibited at the closing ceremonies of the initiation and circumcision of the youth of the nkunda society.
It is indeed in the Maniema region around the Lualaba River and the Great Lakes that Lega sculpture has largely exerted its influence. A costume made of bark textiles and plant fibers concealed the wearer. Biebuck would have noted a great similarity between the rituals accompanying the appearance of Kumu masks and those of the muminia masks of the Lega.
This item is sold with its certificate of authenticity
Estimated shipping cost
|Origin||ex. coll. italienne|
|Country||rdc ex zaire|
You could also be interested by these items
|
<urn:uuid:03510784-bf4d-4277-a4da-87065c76cdcf>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.african-arts-gallery.com/african-art/Mask/Kumu-mask/18324
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00271.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.906676
| 392
| 2.609375
| 3
|
If you could travel back in time and ask your grandparents what they expected homes to be like today, most likely they would describe a large number of sci-fi gadgets and robots operating in wide, open spaces. Perhaps The Simpsons’ representation of a stunning modern home in perfect suburban America sums it up best. In many ways, their predictions can be considered correct. Amazon’s Alexa and the large selection of vacuuming robots available in today’s market reflects this image pretty well.
However, modern-day homes are so diverse, it is hard to make such sweeping statements of what a modern house looks like. Afterall, this generation’s obsession with cute, tiny homes can be considered a step backward, or simply a popular trend which is making the best out of tough global housing crisis. Either way, the actual design of homes, regardless of size or content, is continuously improving, allowing for more efficiency and greater style. There are numerous factors that have played into this, but one of the key drivers can be considered the rise of modern technology to facilitate better designs.
For example, in Georgia, one company is taking design to new levels, thanks to the use of modern technology. Vippo, a comprehensive visualization firm creating draft quality design visualizations, photorealistic simulations, and 3D printed models, recently announced its soft launch in Georgia. Vippo is designed to ensure that owners and developers are involved in all stages of the design phase, allowing them to spot issues immediately and resolve them. Vippo also helps provide local real estate professionals with powerful tools to help customers visualize their future newly built spaces – whether it be through VR or physical models.
Vippo is a one stop shop for your architectural visualization needs. Through data driven simulations, Vippo enables total collaboration between owners, developers, architects, and engineers in all stages of design to ensure everyone involved in the project shares the same vision. Vippo then turns these simulations into photorealistic visualizations once the design phase is complete.
Final visualizations help present clients with a more realistic view of what their spaces will look like upon completion. With Vippo’s photorealistic visualisations, or if they prefer, 3D printed models, real estate professionals can better entice prospective tenants and buyers, or even make remote sales after construction is complete.
Through its proprietary cloud based software, Vippo can take a BIM file and convert it into a data-driven, interactive simulation quickly. This removes the ‘black box’ surrounding the entire design process, lowers future change orders by combining the engineering and architecture files, and aids in the collaboration of the entire team. With complete versatility and unparalleled speed, these models and visualizations can be employed as powerful marketing tools.
“By providing unlimited and continuous data driven simulations and VR simulations directly from BIM software, Vippo can better aid communication between owners or developers and their team during the early design stages,” said Kirkland Brooks, co-founder and CEO at Vippo. “This can notably cut costs and time.”
“Some people have a hard time seeing space or conceptualizing 2D plans. Vippo aims to ensure that everyone can share the same vision in designs and allow potential customers the experience to customize their own space.”
Not all modern-day homes can be considered the spacious, high tech hubs expected by previous generations, although, with the help of innovative minds and advanced technology, we might not be too far away from this becoming a possibility.
|
<urn:uuid:972df9f7-ad66-496a-8520-6759e6b00b4e>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://gigastartups.com/no-place-like-home-how-technology-is-shaping-home-design/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00065.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.934894
| 735
| 1.914063
| 2
|
Here is a list of some out-of-the-box persuasive speech topics that will help you
keep your audience alert .... any example powerpoint for those speech above?
Since this is the most common type of essay, it is important to be familiar with its
requirements and style. Check out our persuasive essay samples to get ...
Sample Persuasive Speech. Topic: Please Help Keep the World Safe SP: I want
to actuate you to support banning guns. Thesis: We should oppose gun ...
Good persuasive speech topics: 50 super-starter speech ideas plus 'how-to' craft
a good ... Motivated Sequence speech outline and check out an example speech.
Apr 1, 2009 ... Global Warming. Example of a persuasive speech. There is little doubt that the
planet is warming. Over the last century, the planets temperature ...
Sample Persuasive Speech on Why Discrimination Will Always Exist. Our society
is developing and continuously improving. That is what we hear all the time ...
www.ask.com/youtube?q=Examples of Persuade Speeches&v=rUeTDKsfGc8
Jan 11, 2012 ... This is an example of an A+ persuasive speech. ... TS149 - Excellent Persuasive
Speech Example (Closed Captions Available).
A persuasive speech is a speech intended to convince the audience to do ... For
example, if your topic is recycling, it's important to know a lot about recycling.
Blank Outline Example · Speech Outline Samples · Audience Analysis · Speech
... This page has 538 persuasive speech topic ideas for college students.
Some of the most convincing speeches were historic speeches, including Patrick
Henry's "Liberty or Death" ... What are examples of persuasive speeches?
|
<urn:uuid:76821ae2-3de8-44b4-b3d5-c79797e770d6>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.ask.com/web?q=Examples+of+Persuade+Speeches&oo=2603&o=0&l=dir&qsrc=3139&gc=1&qo=popularsearches
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00172-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.843221
| 373
| 1.921875
| 2
|
This is one of the oldest and most stunning festivals of Christmas. Travel back in time to the 14th century and relive the magnificent story of Christ’s birth like you’ve never seen before. You will feel the floor shake and your excitement rise as the Beefeaters make their way into the Sanctuary. The enchantment of the Renaissance comes to life through stunning costumes and masterfully composed music performed by the members of the UCC Chancel Choir, Youth Bell Choirs and Fort Worth Civic Orchestra.Purchase Tickets
Boar's Head and Yule Log Festival
Dates, Times and Location
BHYLF performances are in our Sanctuary at 4:00pm and 6:00pm on Saturday, January 4 and Sunday, January 5, 2020.
2720 South University Drive, Fort Worth, TX 76109
You can find us next to TCU, convenient and central to I-30, Chisholm Trail Parkway, I-20 and South Hulen.
Get directions here.
History of the BHYLF
This celebration of the victory of good over evil is perhaps the oldest continuing festival of the Christmas season. It began as a holiday tradition in the grand manor houses of England, and was brought to America during colonial days. There’s never a dull moment in this fast-moving presentation, which is loaded with beautiful imagery and wondrous surprises.
The festival is based on an old legend, that of an Oxford student who kills a wild boar when it interrupts his studies. When the church adopted the Festival, it gained a new, Christian significance: the wild boar, symbolic of evil, is overcome by good through the teachings of Christ.
Marching companies, in beautiful authentic costumes of Renaissance England, sing the ancient songs of Christendom, as they carry in the gaily-bedecked head of the wild boar, which is conquered by the innocent goodness of the Christ Child. The triumph of light over darkness is made graphic in the Christ Candle through its light and through the carvings on the wooden candle-holder in our production.
The second part of the program features the original Christmas story, as shepherds and Wise Men travel to Bethlehem to bring gifts to the Christ Child. The traditional tableau—Mary, Joseph and the baby—is revealed as the climax, with the baby recently born to a member of our congregation playing the part of the infant Jesus. You can’t experience the Christmas story quite like this anywhere else.
Wheelchair-accessible ramps are located at the South entrances along Cantey Street near the Sanctuary.
There are also several parking lots surrounding our grounds, please refer to the below aerial picture. Wherever you happen to park, an entrance to our church is not far off.
|
<urn:uuid:95f200ab-01a8-4405-9954-5643460112b8>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://uccweekdayschool.com/boars-head-and-yule-log-festival/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00476.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.953912
| 591
| 1.671875
| 2
|
Having a shady garden doesn't mean that you have to rule out growing vegetables entirely. There are a number of healthy and useful edibles that can grow quite happily with less than full sun exposure. A helpful rule of thumb is that plants you grow for the fruit or the root need at least six hours of sun, while plants grown for the leaf or the stem can do with less, sometimes much less.
Benefits of Shade
In the garden, shade means less than three hours of direct sun daily, partial shade receives three to six hours of sun, and dappled shade receives sun filtered through trees or other structures. In addition to taking advantage of every bit of your garden, there are some other benefits to planting some vegetables in shady areas. Shaded gardens need less frequent watering and heat-sensitive plants, like lettuces and spinach, will have a longer growing season before they set seed.
By far, the safest bet for a shady spot in the garden is a leafy green such as lettuce (Lactuca sativa), arugula (Eruca sativa), collards (Brassica oleracea var. acephala), kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) , mustard (Brassica juncea), spinach (Spinacea oleracea) and Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris). Growing in partial or even dappled shade, these greens will be less likely to require protection on really hot days and as long as the soil has good drainage, they'll have more even moisture, which will help to keep them from getting a bitter flavor.
While they prefer full sun, some smaller root vegetables will tolerate partial shade. Beets (Beta vulgaris) and radishes (Raphanus sativus) can develop tasty roots, but also provide a bonus of edible greens. Smaller varieties of carrots (Daucus carota var. sativus) can also tolerate partial shade. Celery (Apium graveolens var. dulce), which can be grown for the stem, leaves and root (celeriac), can do well with a minimum of four hours of sun.
Plants in the legume family will grow in partial shade but they need warm soil to germinate. If you wait until nighttime temperatures are regularly above 50 to 55 degrees Fahrenheit, beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and peas (Pisum sativum) can be direct-seeded outdoors and will vine upwards, reaching for as much sun as they need. Most beans are grown as a summer crop, but Fava beans (Vicia faba) can be grown in spring and fall, and in hotter areas, even in winter to stretch out the growing season.
- Shawna Coronado.com: How to Grow a Vegetable Garden in Shade
- California Fruit and Vegetable Gardening; Claire Splan
- Polka Dot Images/Polka Dot/Getty Images
|
<urn:uuid:02541a2e-a433-45ce-9e37-90cd64ffccaa>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/vegetables-grow-well-shade-70113.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00310-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.920357
| 604
| 3.03125
| 3
|
The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) on Thursday unanimously overturned a lower court ruling regarding the City of Philadelphia barring foster children from being placed with the Catholic Social Services due to its unwillingness to endorse same-sex couples.
In a 9-0 judgment, SCOTUS held that the City of Philadelphia’s refusal to contract with Catholic Social Services (CSS) for the provision of foster care services unless the agency agrees to certify same-sex couples as foster parents violates the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment. It came about after Philadelphia stopped foster children from being placed with the Catholic Social Services of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia on the basis of its beliefs and practices on traditional marriage.
“Philadelphia took this extraordinary action not in response to any legal violation, nor in response to any complaint it received, but because of CSS’s religious beliefs and practices regarding marriage, which City officials read about in the local paper,” the petitioner’s brief reads, noting the Third Circuit ruled in favor of Philadelphia, considering the city’s actions “neutral.”
“The City will renew its foster care contract with CSS only if the agency agrees to certify same-sex couples. The question presented is whether the actions of Philadelphia violate the First Amendment,” Chief Justice John Roberts wrote in the majority opinion, in which he ultimately determined the city’s action did so.
The city’s actions, he wrote, “burdened CSS’s religious exercise by
putting it to the choice of curtailing its mission or approving
relationships inconsistent with its beliefs,” noting the city’s dissent
of that opinion...........To Read More....
|
<urn:uuid:601c1b5f-ea07-4b30-97ff-2a87780c7ae8>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://paradigmsanddemographics.blogspot.com/2021/06/1st-amendment-victory-scotus-strikes.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00078.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.943499
| 352
| 1.632813
| 2
|
Eighteen-year-old Caleb Williams after the death of his parents, poor farmers who lived in the realm of the rich squire Falkland Ferdinand, becomes his secretary.
Strange behavior of Falkland, who leads a secluded life and often falls into a gloomy reverie, successive bursts of anger, brings an idea to a young man that his master is being tortured by some mystery. Caleb has admitted himself that the main driving force that guides him throughout his life, has always been curiosity, and he is looking for what torments Falkland.
Mr. Collins, manager of the estate, at the request of Caleb tells the tragic story of their owner.
In his youth Falkland was inspired by ambitious romantic dreams of knightly exploits. Traveling around Italy, he has repeatedly proved his bravery and nobility. Returning after a few years to England, he settled in his family estate. In the face of the landlord Barnabas Tyrrel, his closest neighbor, Falkland gained a mortal enemy.
Tyrrel, a man of uncommon physical strength, coarse, despotic and unbalanced, used to reign unchallenged in the local community: no one dared to contradict him. With the arrival of Falkland, who was not only beneficially different from Tyrrel with his intelligence and courtesy, but, despite of the lack of physical strength, was not inferior in courage, the situation has changed dramatically: Falkland became the soul of society. Wanting to put an end to the senseless hostility and fearing a tragic outcome, Falkland did attempt of rapprochement with him, but Tyrrel hated him even more.
To avenge Falkland, Tyrrel decided to marry his poor cousin, Miss Emily Melville, who lived in his house, with Grimes, one of his hangers-on. But Emily refused. Her heart already belonged to Falkland, who saved her from certain death during a fire in the village, where she was staying. Then Grimes, at the instigation of Tyrrel, tried to dishonor her. Falkland again rescued the girl. Then Tyrrel put Emily in prison on absurd charges that she owed him a large sum of money. In prison, the unfortunate girl, whose health was damaged by a nervous breakdown because of the constant harassment of her cousin, died in spite of all the efforts of Falkland to bring her to life.
After Emily’s death everyone turned away from Tyrrel, and he insulted and humiliated, but not repented of his evil deeds, appeared uninvited at a public meeting and severely beat Falkland. Tyrrel was put out of the door, Falkland also left the meeting, and after a while the bloody corpse of Tyrrel was found nearby. The court, before which the Falkland delivered a brilliant speech, implicitly found him not guilty of murder.
Mr. Hawkins, a former Tyrrel’s tenant, was admitted to be responsible for this death. Hawkins had reasons to hate his former master, who caused him to poverty, and put his son into prison. Evidence was found that testified against Hawkins, and he was hanged along with his son, who had escaped from prison before the Tyrrel’s murder.
Here Mr. Collins ends his story, and it has been these events that had affected Falkland. Despite the kindness towards others he is always cold and restrained, and his usual somber mood at times gives way to fits of rage, and then he looks like a madman.
The story of Mr. Collins produces such a strong impression on the young man gifted with a vivid imagination that he constantly ponders over the history of the owner. By carefully analyzing all its details, he finds that Hawkins could not be the killer of Tyrrel. Accidentally discovered Hawkins’s letter to Falkland, who sympathized with the poor tenant and tried to save him from persecution of Tyrrel, makes guesses in firm conviction. Could Falkland have been a killer?
Caleb begins to watch him, noticing his slightest spiritual movement. Talking to Falkland on abstract themes, the young man is trying to direct the conversation in the right direction in the hope that Falkland would give out a careless word or gesture. Caleb’s desire in whatever to find out the secret of his master turns into a real mania, he loses all caution and almost openly leads with his master a dangerous game: with finely thought out questions and supposedly random hints he brings Falkland almost to madness.
Finally, Falkland admits that he is a genuine killer of Tyrrel, and has caused the death of innocent Hawkins. But Falkland is not broken by defeat. He warns the boy that he should be waiting for retribution for his insatiable curiosity: he would not banish him from the service, but will always hate him, and if Caleb shares with someone this secret, he will be the only one to blame.
The young man realizes that he actually became a prisoner of Falkland. During the service Caleb has grown up spiritually and matured as a person, albeit at great cost. Busy with constant surveillance and analysis of the behavior of Falkland, the young man learned to control his feelings, his mind became sharp and shrewd, but he completely lost the ease and vitality of youth. Bowing down before Falkland’s virtues, whose character and way of thinking he had thoroughly studied, Caleb realizes how dangerous can be a person who was forced to confess to the crime.
Caleb and Falkland as if have changed the places. Now Falkland is jealously watching every step of Caleb, and the lack of freedom to weigh upon him. Valentin Forster, the elder brother of Falkland, comes with a visit. Forster likes a young man, and Caleb hints that service is very heavy for him.
The boy asks Forster for protection in case of persecution by Falkland. But Falkland realizes that the young man wants to escape from his power, and demands that Caleb stopped all communication with Forster. He supports his claim with threats and Caleb decides to run away. Forster sends a servant after him with a letter in which he convinces him to return to the estate of his brother. Caleb returned, but the wily Falkland accused him that he had been robbed by Caleb for a large sum of money. In the presence of Forster and servants Falkland causes false evidence of Caleb's guilt, and the young man is taken to the prison. He tries to escape, but only the second attempt returns him his freedom.
Caleb is almost killed by robbers, but their leader, Raymond, who is not alien to nobility, rescues him and takes under his protection. Evil and greedy Gines, who robbed and wounded defenseless Caleb, Raymond expels from the gang. The young man lives among the robbers in thick woods, in old ruins, where a terrible old woman, the locals are afraid of and believe she is a witch, lead the housekeeping. She hates Caleb, as because of him Gines was driven away. The young man is not involved in gang’s raids, on the contrary, he admonishes thieves and their leader to quit stealing, and set foot on the honest way.
Meanwhile, leaflets describing the appearance of a dangerous criminal Caleb Williams are distributed in the district: for his capture a reward of one hundred guineas is promised. The young man realizes that the old woman, who has made an attempt on his life, wants to give him up to the authorities, and leaves the gang. He disguises himself as a poor and tries to sail to Ireland, but he is grabbed by two detectives, mistaken him for one of the swindlers, who have robbed the mail, and Caleb again almost gets in prison.
The young man does to London. First, he is constantly and carefully disguised altering the appearance. Then he pretends to be a poor and crippled Jewish boy (for that Caleb wears an artificial hump) and begins to make a living with literary work. However, Gines, who before joining the bandit gang was a detective, and after the expulsion from it returned to his former craft, tracks him down. The young man falls into the same prison from which fled. In desperation, he said to the judges that he was not guilty, and his former master, Falkland, deliberately accused him of theft. For the first time Caleb announced that Falkland was a criminal and a murderer. But the judges are afraid that the poor man decided to blame the rich gentleman, and refuse to listen to the testimony of the young men. However, when neither Falkland nor Forster appears at Caleb Williams’s hearing of the case, the young man is set free.
Falkland, with the help of hired by him Gines, has long followed every step of Caleb and offers him a deal: the young man has to sign a paper with the reassurance that the Falkland is innocent of Tyrrel’s murder, and then Falkland will leave the boy alone. But Caleb, brought to despair by harassment of his former master, refuses indignantly not wanting to become an instrument of injustice. To the amazement of the young men, Falkland is not trying to hide him again behind the bars, and even offers money through his servant.
Caleb goes to Wales and lives in a small town, where he repairs watches and teaches mathematics. However, Falkland’s revenge catches up with him: suddenly and without explanation all the friends of Caleb turn away from him, and he remains unemployed.
Caleb leaves Wales for Holland, but Gines stalks him and says that Falkland will resort to extreme measures, if the young man tries to leave the UK. Caleb wanders around the country, nowhere finding refuge. Finally, he makes a decision: the world must learn about the terrible truth about the main culprit. The young man describes in detail the history of his misadventures, and comes to the city where Falkland lives. He appears in front of the judge, names himself and demands to bring an action against his former owner who has committed murder. The judge reluctantly agrees to conduct a private investigation in the presence of Falkland and several gentlemen.
Caleb delivers an impassioned speech in which he praises the nobility of Falkland, and reveals that Falkland is a killer, but he committed the crime in revenge for blindly transferred humiliation. Continuing to live for the ghost of lost honor, Falkland continued to do good and proved that deserves universal love and respect, and he, Caleb deserves only contempt for having involuntarily become the prosecutor of such a wonderful man who was forced to pursue his former servant.
Falkland is shocked. He admits that Caleb defeated in this unequal struggle, showing nobility, which he, Falkland, unfortunately, did not recognize before. Falkland complains that because of his excessive suspiciousness did not appreciate the young man. Falkland admits his guilt and dies in three days. Caleb is in despair: Falkland’s exposure did not bring him the desired deliverance from suffering. The young man considers himself a murderer of Falkland and is now tormented by remorse. Bitterly cursing the human society, Caleb in his notes says that it is "rotten and waterlogged soil, from which every noble escape, to nurture, to absorb the poison." Caleb finishes his notes expressing the hope that thanks to them the history of this noble soul will be fully understood.
|
<urn:uuid:88b955bf-0bf1-422b-946b-a1790f118dd8>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.gradesaver.com/caleb-williams/study-guide/summary
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00200-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.982728
| 2,338
| 2.015625
| 2
|
Host Francesca Rheannon talks with writer Joan Wickersham about her powerful new memoir, [amazon-product text=”THE SUICIDE INDEX: Putting My Father’s Death in Order” type=”text”]0156033801[/amazon-product]. Also, we talk with Jennet Conant about [amazon-product text=”THE IRREGULARS: Roald Dahl and the British Spy Ring in Wartime Washington” type=”text”]0743294599[/amazon-product].
Sixteen years ago, Joan Wickersham’s father got up one morning from the bed he shared with his wife, walked into his study, and shot himself. He left no note. Why did he do it? How could he, a loving father and husband, subject his family to the anguish of dealing with losing him in such a violent manner? These unanswerable questions fueled Wickersham’s search to reconcile her the father she knew with the man who killed himself. As she writes in her powerful new memoir, THE SUICIDE INDEX, “When you kill yourself, you kill every memory everyone has of you. You’re saying “I’m gone and you can’t even be sure who it is that’s gone, because you never knew me.”
Wickersham puts her father’s death in order through an ingenious narrative construction. Under headings about suicide like “anger about”, “other people’s stories about”, “possible ways to talk to a child about”, Wickersham explores all the facets of coming to terms with her father’s suicide.THE SUICIDE INDEX is a finalist for the 2008 National Book Award. You can read an excerpt here. And scroll down for the extended interview with Joan Wickersham.
Roald Dahl is best known as a wildly successful writer of children’s books, such as Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and James and the Giant Peach. But before he wrote books for kids, he was a British spy in Washington DC during the Second World War. Dashing and handsome, he used his charm to invade the upper reaches of the U.S. government and Georgetown society. There he won friends and influenced politicians to back the British war effort–and sabotaged those who were less enthusiastic about the war. And Dahl cut his budding literary teeth on writing colorful propaganda pieces– published in leading American popular magazines — that helped to gain public support for the war.
Jennet Conant is the author of the 2002 New York Times bestseller Tuxedo Park: A Wall Street Tycoon and the Secret Palace of Science That Changed the Course of World War II. Now she continues her fascination with the lesser known corners of America’s involvement in that war with her new book, The Irregulars: Roald Dahl and the British Spy Ring in Wartime Washington.
|
<urn:uuid:bbdd3b14-227d-456d-bc96-78d3b4efce93>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.writersvoice.net/2008/11/joan-wickersham-the-suicide-index-and-jennet-conant-the-irregulars/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00075.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.937037
| 668
| 1.507813
| 2
|
Up until a few years ago, Lavrio was a pretty dismal place. In the last few years Lavrio has gone through an amazing transformation. Restaurants, cafes and shops have opened and Lavrio has new life due to the rebuilding of the port into a major ferry terminal for the Greek Islands and the relocation of several sailboat charter companies and a marina.
Lavrio is a sea port of a much lesser importance than nearby Piraeus and Rafina, but the port of Lavrio is changing fast, becoming an important ferry boat hub for the Cyclades Islands and home port for several cruise ships and sailboat companies.
From the port of Lavrio there are very frequent connections to the nearby island of Kea. During high season there are up to five departures per day and the journey takes between an hour and 90 minutes depending on the boat. There are also frequent connections to the islands of Kythnos, Syros, Tinos and Andros. From the port of Lavrio you can also travel to the Greek Islands of Amorgos, Anafi, Folegandros, Ios, Kimolos, Milos, Mykonos, Naxos, Paros and Sikinos, but these connection are less frequent.
The town of Lavrio has one of the oldest and biggest ancient amphitheatres in the country and a mysterious giant hole that could be an attraction to seekers of unexplained phenomena if they knew about it.
There are several places from fast food to good standards all around the main square (Plateia Heroon).
The port of Lavrio is changing fast, opening tavernas and cafes.
|
<urn:uuid:8da9f1ec-b8c0-4b77-8a2a-8e333b49ead6>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://wikitravel.org/en/Lavrio
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00355-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.904804
| 336
| 1.859375
| 2
|
EDITORIAL: Mary, the woman
On Saturday, December 8, will be the feast day of Immaculate Conception, in honor of Mary, the Mother of God and of the Catholic Church. In observance of such occasion, we take the liberty of lifting excerpts from the sermon of Fr. Joseph A. Galdon, S.J., this paper’s favorite preacher, as compiled from his book, “The Mustard Seed, Reflections for Daily Living.”
MY subject is Mary, the Mother of the Lord who shows us what real womanhood and femininity are all about. All of us, men or women, have much to learn from Mary, for she was all woman, in every sense of the world – a real woman, a caring mother and a loving wife.
A real woman must be a giver of life, either in physical or spiritual sense. Womanhood is all about life! Fpr the ancient Greeks, the first of the gods was Gaia, the Earth Mother, for from her cam all living things. The most wholesome and most genuine picture of a woman is always a mother with a child. Pope Pius XII said that “every woman must be a mother, either in the physical sense, or in the deeper, more spiritual sense.” A woman conceives life. She carries the child in her womb for nine months. She nourishes life when the child is born. But she must, because she is woman, also bring deeper, more spiritual life to all those she comes in contact with [such as the Bicolano voyadores and devotees who honor her every September as Our Lady of Peñafrancia].
There is much death in our world. War, murder, abortion. We need woman like Mary to constantly remind us of the value of life. There is much psychological and spiritual death around us, too. Discouragement, failure, sin.We need women to tell us of the essential value of love and life, as Mary did. Life is not things – life is people. That is what good women tell us all the time.
The secret of Mary’s fundamental posture toward God was the fact that she prayed. The traditional story of the Annunciation is that the angel came to her as she prayed. Luke tells us several times that Mary “pondered all these things in her heart.” All during the public life of Christ we can be sure that Mary prayed. At the cross on Good Friday and at the tomb on Easter Sunday, we know that Mary prayed.
Our modern world often distorts the value of a woman and looks for it in beauty or attractiveness, but a real woman’s value is not in her appearance, but in her holiness, in her inner beauty, in her relationship with God.
There is one final characteristic of Mary that makes her such a remarkable woman. It is the fact of her womanly presence. Mary was “always there” to give life, to care, to love. The Gospels tell us very little of her accomplishments beyond the mere fact that “she was there.” There are very few words of Mary recorded in the scriptures. We have no great deeds of hers – just her presence.
At Bethlehem, Mary was there. During the hidden years in Nazareth, Mary was there. During Christ’s few years of preaching, we know that Mary was there on the outer fringe of his activity. Beneath the cross, Mary was there. At the tomb and in the supper room, Mary was there.
It is a great virtue – the virtue of simple presence. It is a wonderfully feminine virtue to be there at birth, at death, in sickness or in health, in joy and in sorrow. All of us can remember those great moments of trial in our lives when a woman was there as a mother, a wife, a daughter, or a friend.
An eighteenth-century novelist wrote once that the world does not rest on the shoulders of men. It rests on the hearts of good and loving women. Like Mary.
|
<urn:uuid:87cab413-c0fc-4ba3-8737-67a1f2d71810>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.bicolmail.net/single-post/2018/12/06/editorial-mary-the-woman
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00478.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.975335
| 847
| 2.109375
| 2
|
Ozone Season Begins April 1
Ozone pollution is granted a summertime status due to its need for interaction with heat and sunlight. Ground level ozone forms when emissions from fossil-fuel fired equipment, industrial and chemical processes, and even household activities react with heat from the sun.
March 29, 2012 [MARICOPA COUNTY] - The Valley enters its official ozone season on April 1, and does not conclude its watch for the ground level pollutant until the end of September. The pollutant is making an early season debut as air quality forecasters issued an ozone health watch Thursday.
The year 2011 was shaping up to be a clean year for the region’s air quality, but Mother Nature had other plans. Twenty-three days had exceedances of the federal ozone health standard and the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality issued 11 high-pollution advisories and 29 health watches for ozone during 2011.
“Ozone pollution is a very real concern that can easily be reduced through small, every day actions, but everyone must take part,” explains Maricopa County Air Quality Department Director Bill Wiley. “Choosing to refuel after dark, avoiding drive-thru lines or even switching to CFL bulbs, can reduce ozone concentrations.”
Ground level ozone pollution is a direct threat to your lungs and can trigger asthma. Children are at the greatest risk from ozone because their lungs are still developing, they are most likely to be active outdoors, and they are more likely than adults to have asthma. Adults with asthma or other lung diseases, and older adults are also sensitive to ozone.
Ozone pollution prevention tips:
· Avoid waiting in long drive-thru lines, for example, at coffee shops, fast-food restaurants or banks. Park your car and go inside.
· Refuel your vehicle after dark or during cooler evening hours.
· Drive less. When possible, carpool, van pool or use public transportation.
· Use low-VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) or water-based paints, stains, finishes and paint strippers
· Delay big painting projects until high-pollution advisories or health watches have passed.
· Make sure containers of household cleaners, garage and yard chemicals and other solvents are sealed properly to prevent vapors from evaporating into the air.
· Conserve electricity.
Sign up to receive air quality updates by email or text message at www.CleanAirMakeMore.com. To track how much pollution your commute generates, or find a carpool partner to plan a transit trip, visit www.ValleyMetro.org and select ShareTheRide.
OZONE BACKGROUND: Ground level ozone is formed by a chemical reaction that needs heat from sunlight, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds [VOCs] to form. The months of April through September make up the Valley’s longer-than-normal “ozone season.”
The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality [ADEQ] provides a daily forecast for air quality. When conditions exist, ADEQ will issue high pollution advisories or health watches. Please visit www.azdeq.gov/environ/air/ozone/ensemble.pdf or call (602) 771-2367. To receive the air quality forecast via email and/or text message please visit www.azdeq.gov/subscribe.html
CONTACT: Mark Shaffer – (602) 771-2215 desk / (480) 433-9551 cell
The Maricopa County Air Quality Department is a regulatory agency whose goal is to ensure federal clean air standards are achieved and maintained for the residents and visitors of Maricopa County. The department is governed by the Maricopa County Board of Supervisors and follows air quality standards set forth by the federal Clean Air Act. The department offers air quality information and resources on its Clean Air Make More website. Please visit www.CleanAirMakeMore.com to learn more.
CONTACT: Holly Ward – (602) 506-6713 desk / (602) 526-7307 cell
Valley Metro/RPTA provides eco-friendly public transit options to residents in Maricopa County, including a clean-fuel bus fleet, low-emissions light rail, online carpool and vanpool matching, bus trip mapping, and bicycle and telework assistance. Funding is provided by local, state and federal revenues; and administered by a board of 16 governments working to improve and regionalize the public transit system. Please visit www.ValleyMetro.org to learn more.
CONTACT: Susan Tierney – (602) 523-6004 desk / (602) 292-4093 cell
|
<urn:uuid:ca8e9bca-a9ac-4051-b546-03789a169380>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.maricopa.gov/pr_detail.aspx?releaseID=1985
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00528-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.927003
| 970
| 2.9375
| 3
|
Winter Province: Rjutaffel
Summer Province: Draaska
Chief: Ulthar (MRj; F10; CN)
The Olthrugaard are recognized as a hazard of travel in Jankaping, for they are notoriously suspicious of strangers. Travelers in their region are often stopped, taken into custody by tribal warriors, intensely questioned, then relieved of valuables as 'tolls' or 'taxes' (a trick that Chief Ulthar learned from the regents of Jankaping).
Though many consider them bandits, the Olthrugaard are merely traditional nomads who spend the cold months in the sheltering forest of Rjutaffel and move to Draaska as the weather warms. Their hunters are expert trackers and survivalists and are often hired as scouts by King Alnor. The Olthrugaard's valuable contribution to Jankaping military has made feeble Alnor turn a blind eye to their occasional brigandage, but some believe that Ulthar will eventually grow overconfident and actually prey on official representatives of the kingdom. Such a situation may spur Alnor to action, despite his weak-willed nature.
, 06-09-2008 at 12:38 AM|
Last edited by , 10-23-2011 at 02:29 PM
0 Comments, 2,204 Views
Loading Selected Tab - Please Wait
|
<urn:uuid:e42498cf-27d2-4c9f-9455-ed80054be492>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.birthright.net/forums/showwiki.php?title=Olthrugaard
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00522-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.942574
| 288
| 1.726563
| 2
|
An adventurer lives in each of us to a greater or lesser extent. The most desperate travelers themselves plan where to go on their next trip. How to create an independent route in Europe for the first time? The fact is that when planning a route, first of all, most are guided by the cost of tickets. If you want to visit several countries at once, then it is more expensive to fly by plane, but also faster.
We offer an example of a route in Europe: Moscow-Budapest-Vienna-Budapest-Barcelona-Paris-Moscow. It is enough to spend 2-3 days in each city. During this time, you can visit the main attractions, taste national dishes, gain strength and move on.
You will have to fly by plane. We will take tickets on one of the many search engine sites. Why is Budapest the starting point? It's simple, ticket prices to Budapest are the lowest.
We plan the route carefully, taking into account all the nuances
The following guidelines will help you plan your route more carefully:
• Open Schengen visa.
An open tourist Schengen visa is required to travel to Europe. Many do not dare to submit documents on their own. However, you should not be afraid of difficulties, you just need to thoughtfully collect the papers and fill out the form correctly. It is better to make a visa in advance a few months before the trip.
• Traveling by car
Traveling by car is convenient. After all, you don't depend on public transport, you visit more interesting places and you always have your things with you. However, this requires a more careful design of the route. It is also worth considering that the travel time will take much more.
Tourists usually book accommodation on designated sites. When choosing an overnight stay, experienced travelers advise you to carefully read the reviews of predecessors. You also need to pay attention to the proximity of shops and attractions. Sometimes the hosts charge a cleaning fee of 20 euros. This is unprofitable if you want to stay in a room or apartment for just a couple of days.
People who first left somewhere without a clear plan of action, it is quite possible, after the first day of being in a new place, to shock each other with a question: "And then what?" Indeed, where to go next? What to see and what not to see? Should I go to the neighboring city, or bypass it along the roundabout path? Where to stay and how many days can you get to the next town? Such questions will not only spoil the mood, but can also significantly embroil companions among themselves. Let's not spoil the trip ourselves and learn how to make a good travel itinerary on our own, otherwise it won't take long to become the heroes of another film in the Eurotrip genre!
The tour operator is not always ready to offer you the route that interests you. Many of the landmarks and beauties will go unseen, and there is no such thing as immersing yourself in the local lifestyle - however, your plan can change that. And in order not to have to remind and get nervous on the way, we decide everything in advance!
Studying local life, flora and fauna can be much cheaper with a careful approach to the development of the route. Why? Because you can study in advance all the pitfalls on the blogs of experienced travelers, book a hotel through booking, choose a cheap way of travel and not overpay for all services.
So, it's decided to hit the road, but how and where? Let's try now to make a route step by step.
Answer to the question "where?" will help to outline the answer to the question "how?" Let us ask ourselves what do we want to see? Livestock in natural conditions? Ancient castles? Life of the Indians? Cultural hikes in historic cities?
Tip to the topic: for the first time, you can plan a trip to those places where you have already been, but with a tour operator or with an experienced guide.
What can be useful? If we visit another country, then perhaps the most important thing is to study the rules of conduct and the most important laws that can complicate the life of a tourist. Wherever we go, there are rules everywhere, and you cannot break them, remember that "ignorance of the laws ...". At the same time, you need to make inquiries about whether it is safe for a tourist to be here at this time.
|
<urn:uuid:ca8fd56f-3721-4538-9f5d-87e656b69666>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://lacomenta.com/vase-with-his-hands/your-own-guide-how-to-make-your-own-travel-itinerary
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00676.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.958014
| 927
| 1.632813
| 2
|
Protective Services Intake Specialist III
Employees by gender
Most employees who hold this position identify as female.
Employees by race
Most employees who hold this position identify as white.
Length of employment
A majority of employees have worked at the Department of Family and Protective Services for one to 10 years.
|Length of employment||Employees||Percent||Median salary|
|1 year or less||2||
Most employees who hold this position are full-time. Employment status refers to whether an employee is listed as working part or full time and is based on hours worked in a week.
SEND US A TIP
These Texas Tribune reporters cover the Department of Family and Protective Services. Send a tip via email or Twitter.
|
<urn:uuid:f3c672d1-29f3-49ee-b8a1-2a4ebb7b76fa>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://salaries.texastribune.org/departments/department-of-family-and-protective-services/positions/protect-srvcs-intake-spec-iii/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00668.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.783241
| 400
| 1.875
| 2
|
We are searching data for your request:
Upon completion, a link will appear to access the found materials.
The few remaining bones and teeth of a man who briefly ruled as emperor of ancient China and then was forced out for moral failings will undergo DNA analysis to shed light on his health, diet, and relatives.
Liu He ruled during the Western Han Dynasty, which lasted from 206 BC to 24 AD, for just 27 days when officials accused him of incompetence and banished him to Nanchang in 74 BC. He was given the title of Marquis of Haihun and was accorded a state burial when he died in 59 BC.
Archaeologists clean up the interior coffin of the 2,000-year-old tomb of Haihunhou, the Marquis of Haihun, in Nanchang, east China's Jiangxi Province. ( Xinhua)
The New Historian says that DNA analysis will also give insight into the people buried with the marquis and determine whether they were related.
The royal Han Dynasty dethroned the emperor because of his lack of talent and for intolerably indulging in pleasures, as Ancient Origins reported in November 2015. But when he died, insane, several years later, that didn’t stop them from giving him a fantastic burial with grave goods that included gold and silver items, 10 tons of bronze coins, musical instruments, chariots, and sacrificed horses, among other objects.
A chariot from the tomb being cleaned. ( Imaginechina)
One site says Liu He committed 1,127 acts of misconduct, though it did not specify what they were. Another site says “he was known for his inclination to pleasures already as a prince,” a situation that became insufferable when he took the throne. Though he was considered mad and was examined from time to time by officials, they made him the Marquis of Haihun.
- One of the Oldest Known Paintings of Confucius found in Tomb of Disgraced Ex-Emperor
- Archaeologists Unearth Ancient Tomb of Chinese Emperor and 7 Nobles Full of Riches
His tomb had not been looted when archaeologists opened it last year, though the marquis’ body had disintegrated because an earthquake flattened his coffin and water seeped in from a lake, according to the New Historian.
The Tomb of Haihunhou. ( CCTV.com)
Archaeologists are preparing to analyze and clean the interior of the coffin, in which they found a private seal, a belt, jade decorations, and a magnificent stitched and woven mat.
The mat consists of 2,000 rectangle swatches connected by gold strings. Li Cunxin, an archaeologist who is helping to excavate the mausoleum, told China.org :
“Despite the popularity of the glazed mat, which can be found in many mausoleums built during the Han Dynasty, this glazed mat, discovered in Haihun Hou's coffin, is extraordinarily exquisite. Looking at the glazed mat, which the dead owner lied on, we can roughly figure the height of Liu He (known as Haihun Hou) to be somewhere between 170 to 175 centimeters [about 5 feet 8 inches].”
The stitched and woven mat. ( Ecns)
More than 10,000 artifacts have been recovered from the marquis’ tomb, which covered 46,000 square meters (almost 500,000 square feet). Buried near the marquis and his wife, were seven tombs of either his children or concubines.
The cemetery is so important that Chinese officials are directing subordinates to apply to the United Nations for World Heritage site status with UNESCO. Archaeologists think the site may have been the capital of the Haihun Kingdom, which was a small kingdom in the north of Jiangxi.
- Earliest ancient Chinese musical instruments unearthed in tomb complex
- Archaeologists Discover 2,000-Year-Old Smoke Absorbing Lamps in Chinese Tomb
In addition to the Wuzhu bronze coins and the chariots, the team has found more than 10,000 other gold, bronze and iron items, wooden tablets, bamboo slips and jade articles. The team has also discovered several musical instruments including chimes, an instrument with 25 strings called a se, pan flutes and a sheng or a reed-pipe wind instrument. They have found terracotta figurines that depict how to play the instruments as well.
One of the artifacts discovered in the tomb. ( Chinanews.com)
Experts in archaeobotany, zooarchaeology and others who study metals, textiles and historical texts are documenting the site and recording data. The archaeobotanists may be interested in another recent find in the tomb complex: several sunflower seeds preserved in the belly of the remains of one of the deceased.
Featured Image: A turtle-shaped jade stamp found in the tomb of Liu He. Source: Xinhua
By Mark Miller
|
<urn:uuid:f49040ab-3da4-431b-9c9a-78c6a5208fe3>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://ug.ciwanekurd.net/7680-remains-of-disgraced-chinese-emperor-undergo-dna-ana.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00475.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.969193
| 1,029
| 2.84375
| 3
|
Welcome to Clay Central Everly!
We pride ourselves on our family atmosphere. Our staff and students work and learn together, continually improving and preparing for the future.
Our 1:1 program continues to expand as our kindergarten and first grade students begin using iPads. Our 2-12 students continue to utilize Chromebooks to access additional resources and collaborate with each other and our staff.
Both buildings are implementing Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS). PBIS is a framework that provides structure and support for developing systems of positive and proactive school-wide and individualized intervention strategies that promote a positive learning environment, create a positive culture, teach and reinforce appropriate behaviors, and prevent problem behaviors.
|
<urn:uuid:149ea9cc-55ce-4ef4-b33a-a7bd987df136>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://claycentraleverly.org/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00329-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.897425
| 139
| 1.953125
| 2
|
The United Nations has issued a statement calling on Syria to pull its troops out of Lebanon, in accordance with a resolution passed last month.
Syrian troops have been in Lebanon for 28 years
The Security Council statement was unanimous, meaning that it received the backing of Algeria, the only Arab member of the Security Council.
Lebanon said the call set a "dangerous precedent of interference".
Syria's ambassador to the UN said the US had pressured other Security Council members into accepting the statement.
US deputy ambassador Anne Patterson said Washington was "quite pleased that this was a unanimous strong decision".
She added: "It is important... that Syria cease interference in Lebanon's internal affairs, disarm militias and remove Syrian troops from Lebanon."
The Security Council adopted a resolution in September urging Syria to withdraw its troops from Lebanon.
The US and France-sponsored resolution called for Lebanon's political independence to be respected, and demanded the withdrawal of all foreign troops from the country.
It also called on UN Secretary General Kofi Annan to report on any progress on the issue twice a year.
While it does not mention any country by name, Syria is the only country to have troops stationed in Lebanon.
Reporting to the Security Council earlier this month, Mr Annan said Syria had so far refused to say when and how troops would leave.
Syria first sent troops into Lebanon in 1976, at the beginning of the civil war there.
Most of the forces stayed on in the country after the conflict ended in 1990.
Damascus' military and political influence in Lebanon remains strong, but Syria argues that its presence is a stabilising influence.
The Syrian Foreign Minister, Faruq al-Sharah, said Tuesday's statement was an illegal intervention in the relationship between Syria and Lebanon.
|
<urn:uuid:e19021fa-fb2d-4de8-b7e1-77a7f90b5607>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3757260.stm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00007-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.957605
| 362
| 2.09375
| 2
|
I don’t understand Todd Hertz’s pet peeve about artists self-declaring their work as important. Don’t we all want our work to be meaningful and important? I’m a public health nurse and I am passionate about the work I do. I am convinced it is important work that makes a difference in people’s lives. Should artistic work be any different? Also, I know Derek Webb weighs each word he uses, sometimes obsessively. If he feels a word of profanity is necessary for the message of the song, I would like to hear his reasoning. He has always been willing to take risks and say what is sometimes hard to hear. I’ll take that honesty and refreshing transparency any day over the boring pop Christian pabulum.
I find it grating to hear an artist go on about how important his or her music is—and how necessary it is that it be heard. I believe that music is only important in hindsight. For instance, U2 is important—but no one could have known their importance when they recorded War.
I feel like Hertz poisoned the well a bit, making it sound like Webb called his own work important and leading readers to see Derek as arrogant. Derek said he sees this as his most important record, which is perfectly legitimate for him to say. He’s saying that of his body of work, this record is important to him. That’s vastly different than saying “my record is important among all records ever made.” I believe it’s a mark of true humility to be able to freely talk positively of yourself, giving yourself neither special praise or criticism.
For too long, legalism prevailed in Christianity: don’t do this, don’t say that. That’s not good—it’s very similar to the bonds of sin. But now, the contemporary Christian stance is license and liberalism. You are free to do whatever you see is appropriate. We have gone from one extreme to the other.
This discussion reminds me of the Tony Campolo line: “While you were sleeping last night, 30,000 kids died of starvation or diseases related to malnutrition. Second, most of you don’t give a s—. What’s worse is that you’re more upset with the fact that I said s— than the fact that 30,000 kids died last night.” Sometimes swearing is quite appropriate because the thing being sworn about is much more important than the swearing itself.
If a record company doesn’t like a product for any reason that an artist is presenting, I believe that it is their right to do whatever they wish. However, if that is the case, they should release an artist to explore his artistic endeavors as he wishes.
The Apostle Paul used some very strong language concerning very strong subject matter. (In one instance, he used the Greek equivalent to somewhere between crap and s—-.) Although I realize Scripture talks about no unclean thing coming out of our mouth, but what if that statement is more about hatred, and non-edification? I don’t think we all ought to be incredibly potty-mouthed, but I do think we certainly have bigger fish to fry! Also, while profanity may not be right for “safe for the whole family” radio stations, it certainly could get the attention of others who commonly use profanity.
Hertz was far too lenient in his comments about the use of profanity in art. The matter speaks for itself: profanity is profane. It’s bad enough that in anger and the flesh we utter profanities. But to deliberately script and produce it is unacceptable to those called to live holy unto our Creator, pursuing that which is pure and true and right. The church today has a crisis of discernment and compromise of the authority of Scripture.
—Duane L Burgess
I don’t understand why we categorize certain words as profane and others as not. They’re all words. I think this definition gives certain people a sense of morality and others a sense of rebellion. If it makes a stronger point to use a certain word, then use it. I do understand why Christian record labels would have rules against the use of certain words. That’s why I think Webb needs to break free from the record label cage. Because he’s one of the few Christian artists that actually make good and meaningful music, I believe him when he says the song is important.
I believe that using curse words is completely unnecessary and inappropriate. The Bible is pretty clear when it comes to the power and effect our words have (life and death is in the power of the tongue) and that we should tame our tongues.
Artistic and poetic license is celebrated. People live and die for this freedom. But as a Christian, I live for so much more than just to make music, no matter how much I love it. Heroism in a Christian should be different from that of the world. If any of our music ever begins to take away people’s eyes from God, is it really worth our artistic pride?
In his song “Wedding Dress,” Webb used strong words to great effect in making a profound point about the reality of grace covering our broken lives.I would fight for the freedom to do that! But the use of distasteful words just to say, “Look what I can say” is not needed. Flaunting liberty is a dangerous thing.
I for years have battled with trying not to swear. I think artists should have artistic license except were it will adversely effect others by leading them down a slippery slope.
I am a Christian songwriter. I wrote a song that included a profanity. I worried slightly about it, but it seemed to fit. My youth pastor told me he played it for the middle school students but stopped it before that line. I then decided to change it. I did not like the idea that kids needed to be protected from my music.
The more I read about Derek the more I start to wonder what his true motivation is. Does he truly think the message he’s been given by God to share is so important that he’s just fighting any and all opposition to it? Or is he just rebelling for rebellion’s sake?Can we know?
The heart of this matter lies in sensationalism. If it takes a curse word to get an audience’s attention, then what does that say about the awe inspiring, life changing Word of God?
|
<urn:uuid:4f663480-2204-4089-bca4-87db6730d5b1>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.preaching.com/articles/to-swear-or-not-to-swear/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00074.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.965866
| 1,446
| 1.8125
| 2
|
Today I learned how to add a favicon to my clifinar blog on blogger. Favicons are the little icons that appear next to the web addresses, like the one you see above. When you visit some sites or bookmark them, these icons will make these URLs much more noticeable. These are “Favicons”, a shortcut for “Favorite Icons”.This is quite fun and easy actually, and I think it looks great. I started with designing a template. I used Adobe flash to create a logo that I think brings the clifinar spirit. The logo is a Big colourful "C" (guess why!) on a yellow background. I wanted something shiny and happy, so this is why I picked these colours. I then saved it as a GIF file. When adding a favicon, you must save it in an icon format: .ico.
There's a really nice website that does ir for you - favicon from pics. You get your image in an icon format and then you can use it for any purpose. But, this is not everything. blogger will not let you upload the file from your hard drive or Blogger root directory. So, here comes the tricky part. The file needs to be hosted somewhere on the web. I used Google Page Creator for hosting my image, and found it quite easy to use. The file was stored under a directory that looks like this web address: http://yoursite.googlepages.com/youricon.ico. Your “yoursite” is your Googlw account name, and “youricon” is the file name for the icon. I Copied this URL and added a bit of a code to the clifinar blogger's HTML.
Under the title tag that containes:
I added a link refernce:
of your the icon file' rel='shortcut icon' type='image/vnd.microsoft.icon'
and that was it.
I refreshed the page, and saw the new cool clifinar favicon. I am really satisified with how it looks.
You can tell me your opinion becuase I'd love to hear some comments.
|
<urn:uuid:fea16b06-fcce-49fa-ad4a-318d1bd51b00>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://clifinar.blogspot.com/2008/07/clifinar-favicon.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00010-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.913124
| 455
| 1.570313
| 2
|
Lawyers Weigh In On Supreme Court’s Monsanto RulingMay 13, 2013 – In The News
Gerard P. Norton was quoted in the Law360 article "Lawyers Weigh In On Supreme Court’s Monsanto Ruling." While the full text can be found in the May 13, 2013, issue of Law360, a synopsis is noted below.
The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that an Indiana farmer violated Monsanto Co.'s patents on herbicide-resistant soybean plants by replanting seeds, striking down his argument that the agribusiness giant had exhausted its control of the genetically modified seed.
Gerard Norton shared with Law360 why the unanimous ruling in Bowman v. Monsanto Co. et al. is important.
"Justice Kagan writing the opinion for the unanimous court held that farmers may not use Monsanto’s patented genetically altered soybeans to create new seeds without permission from the company,” according to Norton. “Indiana farmer Vernon Bowman planted Monsanto’s patented soybeans solely to make and market replicas of them, arguing that such activity was permissible under the doctrine of patent exhaustion. The court ruled that exhaustion applies only to the particular item sold, and not to reproductions. The court was careful to limit its holding to the case at bar, rather than every case involving a self-replicating product."
|
<urn:uuid:89e46307-5996-4ad6-870a-65b427c5f053>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.foxrothschild.com/news/lawyers-weigh-in-on-supreme-court%E2%80%99s-monsanto-ruling/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00267-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.94
| 280
| 1.984375
| 2
|
In a former post we saw that a conservator has to gather clues about an object’s past and do a lot of bibliographical research. Now let’s talk about the materials themselves and the amazing eyes of these two wooden heads.
During these last few weeks we have been busy trying to identify the materials used to make the eyes; we knew that there were three of them, one for the outer line (or eyelid), a second for the white part, and the third one for the black pupil. We first observed the eyes under a binocular microscope, which is the easiest way for a conservator to have a close look at an object.
The material used for the eyelids was immediately identified as a copper alloy because of the green corrosion products observed on the surface. Moreover we can see the metallic pink-golden surface of the copper here and there. However, the metal could have also been silver with some copper impurities; indeed when two metals are combined or in contact with each other in a burial environment, the less precious metal preferentially corrodes (also called galvanic corrosion).
To know more about the chemical composition of this alloy, we carried out X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), with the portable XRF device of the Lab.
Here are what the results look like:
Those peaks indicate what kind of elements we have in the metal. We learned that this is an arsenic-copper alloy, which is well-known for Egyptian artifacts. The other elements can be impurities in the metal or due to the burial environment of the objects.
Concerning the white material, the first thing we observed under the microscope was the lines in the material.
We first wondered if these lines indicated elephant ivory, since elephant ivory has unique features called Schreger lines. However, the lines in the whites of the eyes do not look like Schreger lines, which look more like cross-hatching. That’s why we then thought about tool marks; indeed, the Egyptian sometimes marked the material they used to make the white of inlaid eyes, to make them look more realistic. We quickly abandoned this theory because the pattern on the eyes is too regular and not spread across the entire surface.
So we returned to the idea that the material might be ivory, but what kind of ivory? We were lucky that our department recently acquired a complete set of ivory samples, so we could compare directly. It turned out that our eyes are made of hippo ivory. XRF analysis also revealed that the white is composed of calcium, which is coherent for ivory.
Concerning the material used to make the black of the eyes, a few paths could be followed. According to the literature, Egyptians used obsidian, glass with a black substance on the back, or other black materials for the inlaid eye pupils. The microscopic observation of the wooden statue eyes revealed that the black material is translucent with tiny bubbles. This structure could indicate obsidian, which is a natural glass. Moreover, the Penn Museum has several spare eyes in storage; comparison with these known references confirmed that the pupils of the wooden heads are indeed made from obsidian.
We will know more about the structure of the eyes by next week, since this Friday the heads are going to be X-rayed and CT-scanned !
|
<urn:uuid:59ccf2c1-94f9-498a-aa83-4e7853485038>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://www.penn.museum/sites/artifactlab/tag/xrf/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00502-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.958365
| 684
| 3.625
| 4
|
This paper investigates what information water resource managers think they need to make decisions on climate change adaptation. This is achieved through a hypothetical case study where participants, all actual water resource managers or in research, practitioner or administration roles linked to Australian water resources management, were given theoretical future climate scenarios and asked to make decisions based on the available information. The case study provided useful insights into why there is little evidence of effective climate change adaptation being implemented despite significant advances in climate impacts and adaptation science over the last decade. It was found that in order to bridge the gap between climate change adaptation recommendations and successful implementation at practitioner level there is a demand for: improved translation, communication and packaging of existing climate science information into sector- and location-specific impacts (e.g. hydrological interpretation of climate model rainfall projections and the associated uncertainties); attribution of historical and future hydroclimatic changes (e.g. not just what has happened or is going to happen but why and the confidence and likelihoods surrounding that); quantification of costs and benefits of any decision; and understanding of the social, political, and environmental contexts and level of acceptance associated with any decision.
- climate change adaptation
- climate risk
- irreducible uncertainty
- knowledge broker
- First received 19 March 2014.
- Accepted in revised form 5 October 2015.
- © IWA Publishing 2016
|
<urn:uuid:697bb97c-2a74-4f9e-a505-2669767bd9e8>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://jwcc.iwaponline.com/content/7/2/263
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00032-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.930922
| 277
| 2.390625
| 2
|
GAC Norway has signed up in a Norwegian hydrogen energy project as part of the GAC Group’s commitment to sustainability and accelerating decarbonisation across the maritime industry.
he HyValue initiative will look to develop knowledge, methodology and innovative solutions for the production of hydrogen energy carriers in a bid to further Norway’s transition to a low emission society.
The project is being led by NORCE, one of Norway’s largest independent research institutes, and will receive funding of NOK15 million per year until 2030 from the Norwegian government’s Ministry of Petroleum and Energy.
GAC Norway will support the HyValue initiative for the development of strategies for the storage, handling and bunkering of hydrogen in maritime applications. It will also assist with the development of maritime logistics and supply chain mechanisms, as well as understanding regulations and financial incentives to promote the advantages of hydrogen as an alternative fuel source for shipping.
GAC Bunker Fuels has pledged zero oil-based bunker sales by 1 January 2030. We are proud to contribute our skills and experience at such an early stage in the development of hydrogen as a marine fuel
says Nicholas Browne, Global Director of GAC Bunker Fuels and Head of the GAC Group’s Sustainability Working Group.
|
<urn:uuid:db480cc5-eacf-4978-9aa8-3858dd1c7dab>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://safety4sea.com/norwegian-project-to-advance-research-on-hydrogen-energy-carriers/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00469.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.937009
| 259
| 1.828125
| 2
|
The other day I was working on generating a handlebars template from an object of objects and came across a small but annoying issue. I needed to create a list of items, and each item template needed to be slightly different. Since handlebars conditionals only check a variable for being true, we can't use operators to divide the items into little "subtemplates".
For instance, let's say we have an object of menu items divided up into three types that each need a slightly different handlebars template.
Ideally, I would pass that object into a template like this:
Unfortunately this isn't an option with vanilla handlebars, instead you can only test a property's truthfulness, like:
As an example, let's use this JSON response as the data we want to use for our template.
If we want our menu item template to be populated by these mealItems in our object then appended to a div, we can send them through like this:
Now each mealItem will be passed to the template with it's food type as a property, so we now use it in our handlebars conditionals without forcing handlebars to fit our data.
A few days ago my ExpressionEngine install went haywire and I needed to get a quick blog up to avoid having a site full of broken links. I've used plenty of heavy CMS's for my blog before, and instead of a system to do the work for me I wanted something open that I could use as my "breakable toy". It didn't take me long to settle on Jekyll, the static-site generator created by Github founder Tom Preston-Werner.
I was happy to write an article for Smashing Magazine that describes basics of polygonal modeling as well as modeling on the web with ThreeJS.
Esquire recently released an article detailing the author of Proof of Heaven and his questionable claims and background. To supplement this type of story, they have implemented a per-article paywall. Unfortunately, it is not well implemented, easily passed, and ends up only charging the misinformed.
The Flexible Boxes (or Flexbox) specification in CSS3 is one of the newest solutions for making the development of responsive layouts easier and much more sane. The goal of the specification is to accomodate websites on a variety of screen sizes and resolutions, and be able to maintain structural integrity through switching between portrait and landscape modes, or other changes that may be out of the developer's control.
After finally transitioning away from using Codekit for my workflow and deciding on Gulp over Grunt for my task running due to its modularity and easy of use. I really love it so far, but as with any change in workflow there's always bound to be some kinks.
Here's a great article by Brad Frost about the new float label trend for forms. Unfortunately it seems it isn't so well supported in browsers yet and the possible accessibility issues make it a no-go for my current projects, but this is the kind of thing that can create some really clever UI for sites that only target those with the newest tech or if you're just looking to make some fun proof of concept demos.
jQuery creator and Khan Academy dean John Resig recently did a spot on my favorite front-end dev podcast, Shop Talk Show. This is a great one to listen to even if you aren't normally an avid podcast listener, Resig does a great job speaking and has a lot of great points.
I was happy to write an article for the fantastic Smashing Magazine that delves into the basics of polygonal modeling and bridging into modeling on the web with ThreeJS.
|
<urn:uuid:12f38651-3803-41e9-9c4d-a634734ade66>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://mooseui.com/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00448-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.944954
| 753
| 1.640625
| 2
|
NC House Looks To Shrink Size Of Rockingham School Board
The North Carolina House has adopted legislation that will shrink the Rockingham County Board of Education and make its races partisan. House members approved Rep. Bert Jones’ (R-Caswell, Rockingham) bill 76-38 along mostly party lines.
The News and Record reports House Bill 189 was one of three bills approved Tuesday that will make school board races partisan in four different counties.
The bill reduces the Rockingham County school board from 11 to seven members by 2018. It also creates new districts and makes races partisan as soon as the law is adopted.
Some House members objected to making the school board partisan in arguing about this bill, as well as two others approved Tuesday that affect Cherokee, Rutherford and Stanly counties.
The legislature also recently changed the Guilford County Board of Education to a partisan system, effective in 2016.
House Bill 189 now heads to the Senate, where it has the support of Senate Leader Phil Berger.
|
<urn:uuid:a34f7890-4d11-4a89-85db-2ac20f3a9412>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.wfdd.org/story/nc-house-looks-shrink-size-rockingham-school-board
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00035-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.959087
| 205
| 1.929688
| 2
|
Chapter 2: Mathematical Psychogenesis
Pure mathematical truth is infinite, eternal, immutable, omnipresent, and infinitely complex. It is exactly just such characteristics which are necessary for a thing to serve as the ultimate foundation and cause of all of reality. (This is why, in fact, a supernatural creator is often imagined as having these characteristics.) Despite all of this, however, pure mathematical truth is almost never talked about as being the ultimate foundation and cause of all reality. This is because mathematics is intangible, and it is not obvious at all how intangible pure mathematical truth can give rise to our experience of tangible reality.
To bridge the gap between the intangibility and immutability of pure mathematical truth, on the one hand, and the existence of a tangible reality which changes over time, on the other, Scionics invokes something which is also physically intangible (in the conventional sense) although changeable over time: raw unorganized consciousness itself. Before moving forward, however, it is important to make a clear distinction between the terms consciousness and mind.
Regardless of how these terms are used elsewhere, for our purposes consciousness (or raw consciousness) will be defined as the physically intangible stuff of awareness itself; it simultaneously has awareness, and also reacts to that which it is aware of. (The thing which it has awareness of, and reacts to, is itself, or its own contents.) In its most common, general or raw form, consciousness is essentially disorganized. Mind, on the other hand, is an organized form of consciousness, such as is found in biological organisms, where it is has arisen as a result of biological evolution via natural selection. To reiterate, mind is an organized form of otherwise disorganized consciousness. (This may be compared with a brick house, which is an organized form of an otherwise disorganized pile of bricks.)
Having made this distinction between consciousness and mind, we can now delve into the nature of consciousness itself. This can be done through a bit of reflection upon one's own conscious experiences. Some of this may seem to be obvious or even tautological, but it is important that these facts be laid out explicitly and clearly, so that the conclusions which follow may also be clearly understood.
Firstly, consciousness is only aware of itself, i.e., of its own contents, and is never aware of anything outside of itself. While it is certainly possible for new information to enter consciousness from without (such as through our senses) it is not possible for consciousness to be aware of anything which has not entered consciousness. It may be said, then, that from the perspective of consciousness, only that which exists within itself exists, and conversely, that which does not exist within itself does not exist.
From the inside, then, consciousness perceives itself as all that exists. From the outside, however, consciousness is perceived as nothing. One cannot directly observe the consciousness, qua consciousness, of another. (One may be able to observe the neural firings in another's brain, but then one is observing, not consciousness itself, but merely neural firings which correspond with consciousness.) Again, from the inside, consciousness is everything; from the outside, it is nothing.
Consciousness also always experiences itself unitarily, i.e., as a single unitary entity, or as a oneness; conversely, consciousness never experiences itself as any sort of multiplicity. Two separate, unconnected “pieces” of consciousness would have no awareness of each other, but if they were to come into contact so as to be no longer separate, then they would no longer experience themselves as differentiated, but as a unified oneness. (A good analogy here would be of water droplets: Two separate droplets of water, perhaps sitting a centimeter apart on a countertop, would be two separate droplets of
Finally, there is the action of consciousness. Consciousness is not merely an awareness, but also a simultaneous reaction to that of which it is aware. Consciousness operates on the hedonic principle, i.e., it reacts to that which it is aware of such that it seeks to keep or increase pleasure, and to eliminate or decrease pain, or to maximize hedonic value. Stated differently, consciousness reacts towards pleasure and away from pain.
Having thus laid out the consciousness/mind distinction, and also having explicitly described some of the essential aspects of consciousness, we can now put forward the hypothesis of mathematical psychogenesis, which states:
Mathematical psychogenesis entails that the mathematical nature of raw consciousness is such that consciousness must exist at all times and places where mathematical truth exists. Since mathematical truth exists at all places and times, it then follows that, likewise, raw consciousness must also exist at all places and times. Since there are no gaps in reality where mathematical truth is not true, mathematical truth forms a continuous gapless plenum throughout all reality; likewise, an intangible continuous plenum of raw consciousness also exists throughout all reality.
To put this into technical terms, one may say that a psychonic plenum, or psychonic field, permeates all existence, and actually is all existence. In more traditional, albeit mystical-sounding terms, raw cosmic consciousness permeates and is all existence. Despite how it may sound, however, this is not some sort of new-age mysticism. It is based upon a very wide-scope exploration and integration of the nature of consciousness and mind, computational theory, cosmology, quantum mechanics, and reality itself, as will be demonstrated shortly.
Reality is thus panpsychic and pan-mathematical in nature, i.e., raw consciousness (in the form of the psychonic plenum or field) and mathematical truths exist everywhere; beyond that, reality is also ultimately comprised of or founded upon raw consciousness and mathematical truth. Furthermore, because this raw consciousness operates according to its own hedonic and mathematical nature, it may be said to be teleonomical rather than teleological in nature, i.e., it operates in a manner which is only apparently rather than actually goal-directed.
The Scionics Institute
Reason • Reality • Philosophy • Science • Scio-Spirituality
|
<urn:uuid:57657080-4e14-496f-91c6-ec57507743ed>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://scionics.org/aedoc-matheism-and-psychonics/?ae-p=4
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00073.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.957111
| 1,258
| 2.90625
| 3
|
If you missed the hullabaloo last year, the inaugural Ada Lovelace Day on 24th March, 2009, was created to celebrate the achievements of women in technology by pledging to write a about a favourite woman who has worked with technology, dead or alive – this could also be a mentor, role model or inspiration.
Last year I wrote about Delia Derbyshire, bobmother of electronica, this year I’m writing about space scientist, Maggie Aderin-Pocock, with whom I have share a love space and especially The Clangers and the Moon!
Born in Camden to Nigerian parents, Maggie has been fascinated by space since she was a child. The Clangers introduced her to the idea of ‘space’ and when she was six years-old she came across a book that inspired her ‘it had this astronaut on the cover floating in space with the Earth behind him and I thought wow, I really want to do that!’ Later, watching Star Trek and Carl Sagan’s ‘Cosmos’ on the television inspired her ambition to be an astronaut, but on mentioning this to her teacher the response was to suggest nursing instead. Aged 15 and disappointed by a telescope she brought from Argos, Maggie attended a telescope building class and built her own.
At school she was diagnosed with dyslexia and as was a common outcome at the time she was put into a remedial class. This was not the best start for a space scientist, but her father helped her nurture her ambitions and interests and as the internet had yet to evolve, Maggie spent a lot of her time in the library. This made her dreams of space travel seem more obtainable ‘thanks to his support it seemed entirely reasonable to me that with hard work, a black girl with learning difficulties would soon be travelling from inner London to outer space’. With this help Maggie did well in her exams and gained four A Levels in maths, physics, chemistry and biology and went on to study physics at Imperial College, enjoying her studies so much it led on to a PhD in mechanical engineering.
Since leaving university, Maggie has worked on many projects, her first was at the Ministry of Defence but being a pacifist she had qualms about working for the military, so she endeavored to work on projects which had positive goals in helping people, such as hand-held instruments to detect landmines. Still dreaming of space, Maggie moved on to Imperial College in 1999 to work on a high-resolution spectrograph for the Gemini telescope in Chile – it probes the heart of stars by converting the starlight gathered by huge telescopes into the component rainbow colours, and then analyses them to work out what’s happening billions of miles away. She is presently working at Astrium on observation instruments for the Aeolus satellite, which will measure wind speeds to help the investigation of climate change. Maggie is also helping to coordinate the development of the Mid-Infrared Instrument for the James Webb Space Telescope, the planned replacement for the Hubble, and working with Imperial College on other infrared instruments for monitoring climate change.
Maggie is committed to inspiring new generations of astronauts, engineers and scientists – she has spoken to about 25,000 children, many of them at inner-city schools telling them how and why she is a scientist, busting myths about careers, class and gender as she describes her journey from a dyslexic kid with dreams to respected space scientist. She holds a Science in Society Fellowship awarded in 2006 by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), as well as Honorary Doctor of Staffordshire University for her contributions to the field of science education and an MBE awarded in 2009.
She still wants to travel into space – her dream job to build a telescope on the moon. She says: ‘from the age of three, I wanted to get into space and I still do. It’s been the driving force of my life really, that desire to get out there one day.’ And for later plans ‘I want to retire to Mars, some people choose gardening; I choose Mars’. When Maggie was recently a guest on Radio4’s Desert Island Discs, her one luxury to take with her was a telescope.
List of articles that helped me glean info and quotes for this blog post:
|
<urn:uuid:8ef54f13-3819-4f7e-8756-0d745043fd3c>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://rainycatz.wordpress.com/2010/03/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00138-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.979442
| 890
| 1.984375
| 2
|
The outer view of the church presents a square shape, but observing the ground plan one notices that it is rather round, with four semicircular corner conchs and one in the middle of the eastern side (where it is found the altar of the church), inscribed in a quadrangle. Two additional conchs, one at each side, of rectangular shape, are found at the middle of the northern and of the southern sides, forming a total of seven conchs, a feature to which the church owes its name. Originally, a concentric colonnade of eight columns of Ionian style, without flutings, ended up to arches that served to support the dome of the church. Today only three of them are preserved; the ones missing have been replaced by a wall. The entrance of the church is in the middle of the western side. One of the most interesting archaeological features is the masonry of the church, as much of the material used comes from ancient buildings: we can see a Hellenistic frieze with garlands with oxen’s heads, architraves, bases, pilaster- capitals and other architectural parts of the ancient temple, as well as mullions of the Early Christian period.
When built, in the 5th – 6th century, the church was a baptistery belonging to a basilica of the Early Christian period. The basilica had been partly excavated by Italian archaeologists, during the Italian domination of the island, but no trace of it has been preserved today. Recent restoration works in the interior of the monument have revealed interesting frescoes dated in the 12th or 13th century, presenting scenes of the life of St. John the Baptist, along with more recent ones dated in the 16th century.
|
<urn:uuid:9b1f63c9-9774-4ea1-9ddd-d86b7137bbac>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://www.greekhotel.com/dodecane/kos/kos-sightseeing/agios-ioannis.htm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721141.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00415-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.971985
| 364
| 3.5
| 4
|
Music camps: an educational proposal from Catalonia
Authors: Diego Calderón Garrido, Josep Gustems Carnicer, Caterina Calderón Garrido
Number of views: 434
In this paper we try to display the history of music camps in our country, emphasizing the contribution and leadership of Catalan institutions, based on a comprehensive documentary compilation. Although the birth of school camps nationwide occurred in Madrid, in Catalonia a number of aspects (the hiking tradition, the importance of choruses, etc.) came together, leading to the creation of musical camps in 1968, organized by l’Orfeó Lleidatà, in a social context in which the aim was to recover customs, language and culture. Since then, these camps, which still exist, have inspired and guided a series of similar activities in Catalonia, being later extended to the rest of the state. The characteristics, scale and educational potential of music camps allowed considering them as a consolidated activity within the educational offer in the country.
|
<urn:uuid:f2439e32-8653-41b3-bb24-852aec5bb573>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://oaji.net/journal-archive-stats.html?number=2496
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00270.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.938891
| 207
| 2.609375
| 3
|
Although originally developed to answer questions on the TV game show Jeopardy! (where it left human opponents in the dust back in 2011), IBM’s proprietary cognitive computing platform has evolved into one of the world’s premier machine learning and artificial intelligence systems.
Those smarts are being put to good use by Fluor, the global engineering and construction company, who sees a long-term home for IBM Watson to help improve decision making and active monitoring of megaprojects. Through better predictive analytics capabilities, artificial intelligence, and machine learning, Waston is helping to provide a clearer glimpse into the projects’ overall health. The company believes its efforts will result in considerable cost savings for such projects, as the tools they recently unveiled take a good deal of guesswork out of complex projects.
Working across so many complex industries which produce such large streams of data, Fluor is collaborating with IBM Research and IBM Services to develop new tools to better understand that data and extract real value from it in the form of greater efficiency and cost savings for megaprojects of all kinds.
“Harnessing the power of data to make meaningful insights will alter how megaprojects around the world are designed, built and maintained."
“Harnessing the power of data to make meaningful insights will alter how megaprojects around the world are designed, built and maintained,” Arvind Krishna, senior vice president and director of IBM Research said in a news release. “Together with IBM, Fluor is embracing artificial intelligence as an engine for transformation in data-driven industries that are ripe for innovation including energy and chemicals, and mining and metals construction projects.”
Fluor recently introduced two systems developed as a result of that partnership, EPC Project Health Diagnostics (EPHD) and the Market Dynamics/Spend Analytics (MD/SA). These tools comb through and combine thousands of data points at every phase of a capital project to identify key dependencies and reveal actionable insights.
“The ability to rapidly analyze and comprehend big data that drives decisions at any point throughout the engineering, procurement, fabrication and construction of today’s megaprojects is imperative for the success of our company and the protection of our clients’ capital investments,” said Ray Barnard, Fluor’s senior executive vice president of Systems and Supply Chain.
“And to be the best at predictive analytics and project execution in our industry, we teamed with IBM to create EPHD and MD/SA, an advanced and effective set of diagnostic tools and capabilities that rapidly predict best-in-class pricing globally, project status and outcomes, and improves the quality of services and decision-making as we serve our clients around the globe.”
The systems provide a kind of all-seeing eye, making use of their predictive analytics capabilities to foresee issues before they arise by looking at things like historical trends and patterns of schedule delays or rising materials costs. Using that data, combined with insights gained from myriad other structured and unstructured project data it gathers, EPHD and MD/SA can identify not only the sources of issues project-wide, but understand how any changes will impact every other calculation it’s previously made.
The rollout of EPHD and MD/SA is the culmination of five years of time and money Fluor has invested in developing its artificial intelligence and machine learning capabilities as part of an overhaul of its "entire data-centric journey," as Fluor vice president of Information Management Leslie Lindgren puts it.
"We will be using these innovations on select large and megaprojects to quickly discover trends, patterns and meaning in our structured and unstructured data."
"We will be using these innovations on select large and megaprojects to quickly discover trends, patterns and meaning in our structured and unstructured data that deliver competitive advantage through the digital transformation of data into critical information with significant benefits to our clients, other stakeholders and our company."
Advanced data analytics has important applications across construction as companies are realizing there is real value locked up in their mass volumes of project data. By using intelligent, learning computers to analyze that data, that value can be realized. Decisions can then be made using the best possible evaluation of the factors at play, backed by math and statistical analysis that only a computer brain can provide.
Fluor’s multi-year bolstering of its analytics capabilities, and its ultimately turning to a system as advanced as IBM Watson for the job, is a solid example showing the possibilities for construction and engineering firms to lean on data analytics.
|
<urn:uuid:cbe4ed83-f92f-4129-95f9-84df9327af6f>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.procore.com/jobsite/fluor-turns-to-ibm-artificial-intelligence-on-megaprojects/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00071.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.937582
| 948
| 2.046875
| 2
|
A recent article in The Daily Beast on the subject of encryption and building backdoors is timely and prescient, though it misses the political diversion angle of the encryption wars. But the author correctly acknowledges that Paris (San Bernardino, CA massacre occurred after publication) is being used by politicians to gain the upper-hand in the encryption/backdoors debate.
Their attempt to hijack the incident ignores the fact that the brainchild behind the Paris attacks was known to both American and French authorities before executing an attack that killed 130 people. Though it hasn’t been proved that encryption was employed, officials are quick to embrace this as the reason, instead of their incompetence in divining the planning and execution of the attack, or explaining how it is that terrorists, traveling across countries’ borders, could evade detection.
Here’s what I think is really going on in the debate about backdoors and encryption. I think this is just another attempt by government to scapegoat an issue, to divert attention from their failure to intelligently and effectively use the massive amount of information they have collected. So, they are willing to throw caution to the wind by clamoring for breakable encryption, which while making things easier for law enforcement, would certainly allow the bad guys (terrorists and cyber criminals) to have a field day. The result could be cataclysmic for the economies of the world, which rely on cyber security. This scapegoating and diversionary exercise is nothing new, and is being used on a variety of contemporary problems.
Government leaders and politicians, for example, have for decades kicked the climate change can down the road, to the point where it is today – political cover for politicians wanting to escape scrutiny for their many policy failures – terrorism being one. As a science teacher in the early ’70s, many of my lessons were devoted to the fragility of the environment. More than 40 years on, the problem has unsurprisingly gotten worse, as politicians and governments have given it short shrift over the years. These situations, which cry for long-term planning and solutions, don’t fit into the politicians short-term visions and election cycles.
But the issue of climate change, though topical for 40 years (by the way, the planet has been slowly warming for centuries,) has now been elevated to celebrity status, and is a convenient diversion from clear and present dangers. Ploiticians hope voters will forget their ineptitude and dithering in creating the very conditions that allowed terrorism to percolate unfettered. President Obama’s laissez-faire policy in the Middle East comes to mind, and is no better than his predecessors’ over-aggressiveness in the region.
Each of these men, and many before them, are praying on people’s fears rather than tackling more potentially dangerous problems. In the US, a problem that is a contributor to inadequate healthcare and uneven coverage is the suffocating national debt (now nearly $20 trillion), which has ballooned over a 50 year period, but which has been shunned eagerly and deliberately by politicians to focus on the issue du jour, on which elections are based.
So, instead of eradicating the debt and its onerous carrying costs, which, by the way, would pay the tab for universal healthcare, not to mention many other social programs, while also allowing for a vigorous prosecution of the war on terror, the debate is buried, and the importance minimized or ignored. No politician wants to address it because it isn’t ’’sexy”, and doesn’t poll well.
It’s almost as if politicians secretly yearn for terrorist attacks (not necessarily the loss of life,) while publicly professing their outrage because it allows them to advance their agendas – anti-gun or anti-encryption, it doesn’t matter. One can’t help but notice that President Hollande’s popularity has soared to heights that heretofore would have been unimaginable – he was politically vulnerable.
The ”war on terror” is an example that permits politicians to wring their hands and excoriate terrorists, while simultaneously trying to co-opt terrorist incidents for their political purposes and gain political cover – party affiliation and philosophy notwithstanding. Those on the left use it to argue for stricter gun control laws, while those on the right maintain that more, not fewer, guns in the hands of citizens would limit the carnage. And both would gladly sacrifice privacy on the altar of backdoor, breakable encryption, if they perceived an election edge.
Thus, true to form, in recent days, US officials have been taking the pulse of some technology companies, in order to gauge their willingness to sit down for meetings aimed at coming up with new encryption policies, two individuals familiar with those discussions told The Daily Beast. This renewed effort for easier encryption is just another political ploy to divert attention away from law enforcement’s shortcomings. Fortunately, the tech companies, taking the long view about the bigger dangers of weaker encryption, aren’t caving-in to the pressures being exerted by the government. In the opinion of tech executives, it is better for law enforcement to play catch-up, which it does well and quickly, than give terrorists and criminals an equal advantage. According to Bob Stasio, formerly of the National Security Agency and a military cyber office, and now a fellow with the Truman National Security Project,
“People will continue to create ‘unbreakable encryption,’and others will continue to find a way around it, including the intelligence community, of course, I am a full believer in ‘if man can make it, man can break it,’ so I think saying we should limit encryption technology to prevent malicious use is not only a waste of time, but weakens legitimate cyber security as a whole.”
After a recent speech by James Clapper, Director of National Intelligence, excoriating the tech companies for their lack of enthusiasm and compliance in capitulating on the encryption issue, a spokesperson for the tech industry responded
“Weakening encryption or creating backdoors to encrypted devices and data for use by the good guys would actually create vulnerabilities to be exploited by the bad guys, which would almost certainly cause serious physical and financial harm across our society and our economy. Weakening security with the aim of advancing security simply does not make sense.”
It certainly doesn’t make sense, unless you want to take advantage of the misery of a terrorist attack and use it for political gain, and to mask previous policy failures. Any way you slice it, the encryption issue is not going away anytime soon. It will be resurrected whenever there is a suspected terrorist attack – which is all too often these days…
|
<urn:uuid:3992c010-303f-4b6e-99fc-25da1f099253>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
https://www.bestvpn.com/blog/34748/the-argument-for-weaker-encryption-is-just-a-dodge-2/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720737.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00221-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.963886
| 1,379
| 2.03125
| 2
|
Looking for the best Model Building for Kids?
Discover now our comparison of the best Model Building for Kids. It is never easy to choose from the wide range of offers. On the market, you will find an incalculable number of models, all at different prices. And as you will discover, the best Model Building for Kids are not always the ones at the highest prices! Many criteria are used, and they make the richness and relevance of this comparison.
To help you make the best choice among the hundreds of products available, we have decided to offer you a comparison of the Model Building for Kids in order to find the best quality/price ratio. In this ranking, you will find products listed according to their price, but also their characteristics and the opinions of other customers. Also discover our comparisons by categories. You won’t have to choose your products at random anymore.
- ✅Metal Made - Our building toys set includes 258 parts and pieces, such as nuts, bolts, small screwdriver, and wrench, etc., Made of metal, which can stand rough play without worrying about easy collapse. A great careful crafting STEM building kit, worth paying a little more compared to full plastic versions.
- ✅Bigger Size - This model aircarft measures over 4" high, 13.8" long, and 15.8" wide, making it a beautiful display piece to show off with pride. I believe it will be bigger than you expect. Really suitable for model aircraft fans and DIY enthusiasts.
- ✅Clear Instructions & Easy To Follow - We have prepared clear instructions for the children, showing the diagrams of each step, and everything is clearly marked. This teaches them to follow directions and ensures they won’t become overwhelmed or frustrated while they play. Wrenches and screwdrivers are also included for children to assemble parts easily.
- ✅Support STEM Education For Children Aged 8-16 -The children think carefully and patiently assemble the aircraft from the screws and gears. They are learning STEM skills during this about 5 hours assembling process! At STEM Master, we believe in empowering children to promote their creative learning and brain development.
- ✅Great Collection - Designed with accuracy and built with careful attention to detail, this aircraft building set is a valuable collection and souvenir for model aircraft enthusiasts by imitating the real aircraft carrier and retains the complex structure of the aircraft.
- 5 different kinds of mechanical cars in one kit: The STEM Kit comes with all of the parts you need to build real mechanical cars. This funny DIY project is great gift for boys and girls age 8-12 years old.
- Enhance children’s scientific knowledge:Learning and strengthening basic STEM by constructing different mechanical models, this set of toys is ideal for educational and entertainment purposes
- Develop practical ability and imagination:By assembling these Motorized STEM Toys can cultivate children's hand eye coordination ability and intellectual development, stimulate children's imagination, and promote their physical and intellectual development.
- Stimulate children’s interest and curiosity:With various 3D wooden puzzles, gears, plates, tires ,shaft and screws for children to assemble 5 different styles of cars! Kids will be excited and proud of their own cars that actually moves.
- Safe material: All parts are made of high-quality, non-toxic, tasteless and recyclable safety materials. These parts are easy to assemble and let children focus on the construction process.
- 638 PCS and 4 Big Models in Total--This fascinating building block toy has 4 large models, each model has its own packaging color box, which can be combined into a water park, ice cream truck, summer shop, rotating swing, a total of 638 pieces. Your cuties will get valuable and educational building block toys with 4 different bidding models.
- Compatible with All Major Brands--Designed according to universal standards, Sitodier blocks are compatible with your existing brand-name block toys. You can build 4 different models according to the manual, or use your imagination to add other building blocks to build other suitable models. All parts are easy to assemble together. What a beautiful princess building block toy.
- Clear Building Steps and Easy to Build--Every model includes a full-color manual which can show you a clear instruction. Each set also provides wonderful stickers which can make your models more vivid.
- Playing and Developing-- This building block set can stimulate children's creativity, broaden their imagination, exercise their hands-on ability, and more importantly, they can have a great time. The changeable model can keep children excited and curious while playing. This toy can keep your kids away from mobile games and electronic screens, allowing them to really focus on doing one thing well.
- Safe and Best Gift for Girls-- This girl's building block is made of premium ABS material and has a high level of safety. No peculiar smell, smooth and burr-free, bright color and solid. The ideal birthday or holiday gift for girls. Sitodier is committed to providing customers with quality after-sales service. We promise to respond to any questions from customers within 24 hours. If you are not satisfied, we guarantee a 100% refund.
- 【Metal Made】 Our Erector sets for boys age 8 - 12, includes 332 parts and pieces, such as nuts, bolts, small screwdriver and wrench, etc., Made of metal, which can stand rough play without worrying about easy collapse. This is great careful crafting STEM building project model Car Set.
- 【Clear Instructions & Easy To Follow 】We have prepared clear instructions for the children, showing the diagrams of each step, and everything is clearly marked. This teaches them to follow directions and ensures they won’t become overwhelmed or frustrated while they play. Wrenches and screwdrivers are also prepared for children to assemble parts easily.
- 【Support STEM Education】 The children think carefully and patiently assemble the Batmobile from the screws and gears. They are learning STEM skills during this about 5 hours assembling process! At STEM Master, we believe in empowering children to promote their creative learning and brain development.
- 【Wonderful Gifts for Kids】The Educational STEM building set comes with an exquisite gift box, it is a great gift (Birthdays, Thanksgiving, Children's day, Christmas, Halloween, Thanksgiving, New Year, Summer Camp Activities, Back-to-School) present Gift for 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 years kids, boys girls.
- 【Bigger Size 】This Car model(Batmobile Model)measures over 4" high, 10.2" long, and 4.8" wide, making it a beautiful display piece to show off with pride. I believe it will be bigger than you think. Really suitable for Model collector and DIY enthusiasts.
- ✔ Fun & Imaginative STEM Kits Educational toys - Foster your kids’ imagination and creativity with this building toys as they build a colorful ride that works. Ideal diy kit for kids ages 8 year old and up.
- ✔ Intro To Engineering For Kids - Learn real world application by building erector set using 3d puzzles , motor , snap circuits for kids. Our science toys include all the tools and materials necessary to complete this mechanical structure.
- ✔ Easy To assemble Model kits for adults and Kids - Perfect stem projects for kids ages 8-12. Aspiring engineers & tinkerers will be proud of their unique structure that actually moves. This tinkering labs kit includes six vibrant and non-toxic paint to decorate.
- ✔ Eco- Friendly 3D Puzzles For Adults and Kids - Our fun brain toys are safe, stimulating fun. Perform rewarding science experiments with your family or friends. Perfect Gift for kids ages 8 year old and up.
- ✔ Great Gift For Boys And Girls - Our science kits for kids is the best gifts for kids, teens, men, women and grandpa and grandma. This perfect IQ builder is a great choice as Thanksgiving Day Gift,Birthday Gift,Christmas Gift,Father's Day Gift, science fair and weekend family activities.
- MEGA 171PC SET: Our engineering kit for kids now features a 7-in-1 mechanical building set, BONUS MODEL to the kit for an added challenge to small builders and 25 spare parts.
- 7 MODEL CARS TO BUILD: Looking for STEM activities for kids ages 5-7? Our craft kits for kids give children the power to build a car, airplane, motorcycle, helicopter, tractor, forklift, & buggy for even more mind-enhancing fun.
- BEST GIFTS FOR KIDS: Birthday or holiday, this erector set for boys 6-12 makes a gift they’ll cherish. All pieces are packed in a sturdy plastic box with a handle for safe storage.
- SHARPEN THEIR MINDS: From creativity to imagination, spatial awareness to problem-solving, fine motor skills to patience, these stem projects for kids ages 8-12 help little ones unlock their cognitive potential.
- 1-YEAR WARRANTY: Smooth edges meet shatter-resistant material to make creative toys for boys and girls that are safe yet durable. Click ‘Add to Cart’ now to get these engineer toys for kids with confidence!
- PERFECT GIFT OR BIRTHDAY TOYS SET FOR JUNIOR BUILDERS - Start your little engineer off right with this STEM building set. This metal erector set is great for kids and can help train their building skills early.
- OFFERS HOURS OF ENGAGING FUN - Your kids will fall in love with this erector set! This challenging but doable educational building kit will entertain your kids for hours.
- BUILT TO LAST - The materials included in this engineering kit for boys and girls are super tough and durable, not flimsy and breakable like with other models.Your kids can enjoy building and playing with their creations for a long time!
- COMPLETE ERECTOR SET - This building set for 8yearold boys and girls and older kids has it all. Everything your kids need to build a toy helicopter is included in this kit. No need to buy extra materials or tools.
- EASY TO FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS - Kids ages 8 years old and up will be able to understand and follow the instructions included in this set. Even without your supervision, children can build a toy helicopter all on their own.
- 🏰【Create Princess Castle Funny Time】: Every girl has a princess dream, building a blue palace castle together with your lovely girls to share funny time, let her be your unique little princess, and tell her princess castle story while building blocks, it will be a happy parent-child time.
- 🏰【25-in-1 Building Block Set】: The castle building kit come with a total of 12 models, each model can be assembled in 2 forms, your kids can build 24 different mini models and 1 large castle. Multiple interesting scenes are free to choose to play, including princess bed, dressing table, windmill, Ice cream carts, gardens, seesaws, and many more pieces, this girl castle building blocks satisfy all the imagination of your kids and let their creativity fully display.
- 🏰【Educational Toys for Kids】: This building kits for kids has a total of 24 models and a large castle, this stem building toys will stimulates children’s desire to learn and explore. In the process of building blocks, quickly improves children's hand-eye coordination and hands-on ability, and cultivates children's logical thinking and problem-solving skills, make your kids learn more while playing and gain more confidence and happiness.
- 🏰【High-quality & 100% Safe】: Building toys for girls are made of high-quality ABS material, smooth without burr, non-toxic and odorless, it has passed the international certification of children's toys, all building pieces are safe, durable and colorful, kids can play with confidence , enjoy hours of fun with their building blocks.
- 🏰【A Great Gift】: This building block kit not only comes with detailed instructions, kids can easy to build step by step, but also restore the most realistic fairy tale world for kids, make kids have a unique ice and snow castle of their own, it is definitely a fantastic decoration in your room and the perfect gift for 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 year old girls!
- ✅Metal Made - Our building toys set includes 340 parts and pieces, such as nuts, bolts, small screwdriver, and wrench, etc., Made of metal, which can stand rough play without worrying about easy collapse. A great careful crafting STEM building set, worth paying a little more compared to full plastic versions.
- ✅Bigger Size - This model train measures over 3.5” high, 16" long, and 2" wide, making it a beautiful display piece to show off with pride. I believe it will be bigger than you expect. Really suitable for model train fans and DIY enthusiasts.
- ✅Clear Instructions & Easy To Follow - We have prepared clear instructions for the children, showing the diagrams of each step, and everything is clearly marked. This teaches them to follow directions and ensures they won’t become overwhelmed or frustrated while they play. Wrenches and screwdrivers are also prepared for children to assemble parts easily.
- ✅Support STEM Education For Children Aged 8-16 -The children think carefully and patiently assemble the train from the screws and gears. They are learning STEM skills during this about 5 hours assembling process! At STEM Master, we believe in empowering children to promote their creative learning and brain development.
- ✅Great Collection - Our design concept is based on the Scottish Flying Scotsman steam locomotive that appeared in real history in 1928. As you can see, it is well imitated and the exquisite detail design retains the complicated structures of the original. For history lovers, it is a good collection and souvenir.
- A Great Gift for Kids: This STEM Kit comes with all of the parts you need to build mini ferris wheel, carousel model, fiber optic lamp and star night light is a great gift for boys and girls.
- High Quality: These 3D wooden puzzles are made of safe, pollutant-free wood with precise laser pre-cut , the edges of each component have a smooth finish can be tightly integrated, easy to assemble. All parts are made of high-quality safe and recyclable materials.
- Unique Design: The DIY wooden building toys can be painted and decorated to make them unique, and the finished product are very suitable for display on a table, shelf or showcase in a children's bedroom, playroom or study area.
- Perfect Decoration: Special wooden star light and fiber optic light are equipped with colored LED lights, which can change and emit 7 different colors of light, creating a fairy-tale magic and fantasy for the room and outdoor activities, and creating a warm and elegant atmosphere for a fashionable place.
- Cultivate Creativity and Imagination: Amazing mini ferris wheels and carousels can actually rotate to create a miniature amusement park at home. By assembling this wooden building kit, children can develop their hand - eye coordination, stimulate imagination and promote their physical and intellectual development.
What is the purpose of a comparison site?
When you search for a product on the Internet, you can compare all the offers that are available from the sellers. However, it can take time when it is necessary to open all the pages, compare the opinions of the Internet users, the characteristics of the products, the prices of the different models… Offering you reliable comparisons allows us to offer you a certain time saving and a great ease of use. Shopping on the Internet is no longer a chore, but a real pleasure!
We do everything we can to offer you relevant comparisons, based on various criteria and constantly updated. The product you are looking for is probably among these pages. A few clicks will allow you to make a fair and relevant choice. Don’t be disappointed with your purchases made on the Internet and compare the best Model Building for Kids now!
Last update on 2022-08-08 at 06:28 / Affiliate links / Images from Amazon Product Advertising API
|
<urn:uuid:06b7c3f5-0823-49aa-9e5b-3eb7a1ed2b8b>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://wekompare.com/model-building-for-kids
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00473.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.923411
| 3,362
| 2
| 2
|
The CycleQuality Property gives information on the quality of the whole cycle. The CycleQualityEnumeration is defined in Table 96.
Table 96 – CycleQualityEnumeration Definition
|GOOD_CYCLE||0||The machine has detected no failures during the cycle and the part quality (for all cavities) is assumed as good.|
|BAD_CYCLE||1||The quality of the part(s) is assumed as bad.
If the machine is able to evaluate the cycle quality of each cavity, detailed information can be given in the CavityCycleQuality Property. Nevertheless, already a bad part in only one cavity leads to a BAD_CYCLE value for the CycleQuality.
|TEST_SAMPLE_CYCLE||2||A cycle is separated as a test sample. Triggered by operator or MES.|
|FAILED_CYCLE||3||The machine has detected failures during the cycle and the part quality is assumed as bad. Further information is provided by the MessageCondition fired in this case.|
|
<urn:uuid:8953a9a5-1d56-4f6b-b5af-19280ed8b82a>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://reference.opcfoundation.org/PlasticsRubber/GeneralTypes/docs/19.11/index.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00667.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.916492
| 235
| 2.484375
| 2
|
In triangle ABC, DB and DC are angle bisectors and the angle BAC = 60°. If angle DCB is 40°, what is the degree measure of angle BDC? (Note: Figure not drawn to scale.)
A. 130° B. 120° C. 100° D. 80° E. 75°
(B) First of all remember that the sum of all angles in a triangle is equal to 180°. We are told that angle BAC = 60°. That leaves 120° to be split between angles ABC and ACB. We know that DC and DB are angle bisectors (an angle bisector can be described as a line segment that divides an angle into two equal angles), so the sum of angles DBC and DCB is 120°/2 = 60°. BDC is the third angle in triangle BDC. Therefore it equals 180° – 60° = 120°. The correct answer is B. ---------- I do not understand why the answer is 120° and not 100°. If as you say, DB and DC are angle bisectors and DCB is 40° degrees (as stated in the question) CBD should also be 40° (which lets CBA and ACB as 60 degrees angles). If all the angles must be 180 degrees 180° – 80° = 100°.
CBD should also be 40° (which lets CBA and ACB as 60 degrees angles).
Angles CBA and ACB are NOT 60° angles. An angle bisector divides that angle into two equal angles. So if angle DCB is 40° then angle ACB is 80°. You can calculate angle CBA, it equals 180° – 60° – 80° = 40°. So angle CBD is NOT 40°. It equals 40°/2 = 20°.
Users browsing this forum: No registered users and 1 guest
You cannot post new topics in this forum You cannot reply to topics in this forum You cannot edit your posts in this forum You cannot delete your posts in this forum You cannot post attachments in this forum
GMAT(TM) and GMAT CAT (TM) are registered trademarks of the Graduate Management Admission Council(TM). The Graduate Management Admission Council(TM) does not endorse, nor is affiliated in any way with the owner or any content of this site.
|
<urn:uuid:f5139f30-56b4-4bda-ab03-ea84031d0f80>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://www.gmat-mba-prep.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=54&t=78595
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719027.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00301-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.907989
| 484
| 3.09375
| 3
|
Green4Print operates an eco-philosophy and promotes cooperation between companies that are committed to a cleaner printing process and a healthier working environment for all employees throughout the production chain. Basically Green4Print focuses on the production of organic printing inks for the sheet-fed offset industry. These are bio-based and easy to fit into the commercial and printing process. For us, nature is not only a source of raw materials, but also a source of inspiration for design and process technology.
With our product development, we are focusing on the global demand for sustainable products. 'Sustainability' in this case must be set in a broad perspective. We are not talking about ' now ' and ' later '; we are talking about 'here' and 'elsewhere'. That is what we call (international) corporate social responsibility.
For us, passion, vision and motivation are the ingredients for our daily work. We develop new products, make ground-breaking choices and go across borders, both literally and figuratively with import and export. Healthy entrepreneurship is indispensable in this. We indentify the opportunities and make the difference.
Green4Print endorses the circular economy with its products. In today's economy, raw materials are processed in products that are destroyed after use. The circular economy assumes that raw materials will be reused. Green4Print explicitly seeks cooperation with the Crade2Cradle Institute EPEA, to properly flesh this out.
Green4Print is the first company in its branch to receive this score. Material health is an important port of the whole Cradle-to-Cradle program, where they examines the identification and exposure of chemical toxics during the production, the use and the end of the use of the product.
|
<urn:uuid:f6cdffa6-3757-4f47-82b2-676e078d61f9>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.green4print.nl/uk/about-green4print/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00276.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.933032
| 366
| 1.6875
| 2
|
Just north of Santa Cruz is a vast expanse of coast that runs along Highway 1, dotted with stunning beaches perfect for sunbathing, surfing, tide-pooling, or enjoying a beach day. Each one of these locations features soaring cliffs overlooking the Pacific Ocean and sandy beaches you must see to believe. The Santa Cruz coastal area is built from a bedrock of the geological formation known as Mudstone. This hearty rock formation creates the unique coastal landscape that characterizes the north coast. The entire expanse features towering sea cliffs and pocket beaches perfect for your beach day getaway.
If you’re looking to expand your Santa Cruz experience beyond the confines of the city, look no further than this list of the 5 best beaches along the north coast. Don’t forget to bring sunscreen and anything you need for an exceptional beach day! Always pack your trash when you stop to enjoy our local beaches and remember to leave no trace behind when you leave. There may be no trash cans or restrooms at some of these locations, so always take any trash with you when you go to ensure we keep our precious natural treasures pristine.
1. ) Shark Fin Cove
Shark Fin Cove may be one of the smallest pocket beaches along the north coast, but it is one of the best! This iconic Santa Cruz location is known for two distinct geological formations: the eponymous Shark Fin island and the sea cave on the beach. The jutting rock formation that looks like a giant shark’s fin was once a part of the surrounding sea cliffs but has been shaped for hundreds if not thousands of years in a process known as geomorphology until it reaches the distinct state we know today. Visitors also make the pilgrimage to this gorgeous cove to see the sea cave, which is the perfect spot to watch the sunset during low tide. Shark Fin Cove is a photographer’s dream and a paradise for beach goers looking for a unique escape from ordinary life. Be prepared for a steep descent to reach the beach itself, but even if the climb down isn’t for you, the view from the surrounding cliffs is just as gorgeous!
2. ) Four Mile Beach
Wilder Ranch State Park has many beautiful beaches, but Four Mile has to be one of the most beautiful. Located at the north end of Wilder Ranch, this beach is accessible by trail from a parking lot off Highway 1. The vast sandy beach offers tons of space for you to spend your day in relative seclusion. On both ends of the beach, large marine terraces during low tide allow for excellent tide pooling. The most iconic feature of this beach is the towering pinnacle outcropping just offshore that you can view from the beach or climb the cliffs to see from above. If you’re feeling adventurous, you can also hike from Four Mile along the bluffs down to Three Mile or Strawberry Beach. This short hike is one of the best coastal bluff hikes in the area!
3. ) Davenport Landing
The beach at Davenport Landing is the perfect spot on the north coast to take your kids. Davenport Landing is just north of the town, Davenport, and right next to an Abalone Farm. Featuring a swing set and an easily accessible beach, this location is perfect for those looking for a purely relaxing beach day fit for the whole family. If you’re looking for a little more adventure at this location, climb the cliffs to the north of the beach to get sweeping coastal views from atop the cliffs.
4. ) Laguna Creek Beach
Coast Dairies State Park is another California State Park covering a large part of the coast north of Santa Cruz. Within Coast Dairies, there are numerous pocket beaches to explore, and Laguna Creek Beach is one of the largest sandy beaches within the park. After stopping at the Laguna Creek Beach parking lot, you can follow the trail to the beach, where you have marine terraces, sandy shores, a beautiful running river, and sea cliffs covered in wildflowers. This beach often has resting pelicans that gather on the beach around the river, which can be quite a sight to see! Laguna Creek weaves through marshy lands before reaching the ocean creating a unique river ecosystem at the top of this beach.
5. ) Scott Creek Beach
Scott Creek Beach is a spectacular location known for its kite surfing and long sandy shores. This beach has some of the most impressive marine terraces that are perfect for tide pooling during low tides. The vast expanse of tidal shelves covered in sea life and seaweed is truly something to experience. The rugged sea cliffs that stretch to the sides of this gorgeous pocket beach are impressive in stature and even have seasonal waterfalls that cascade down the cliff faces after heavy rains. Whether you are looking to lay out on the sandy shores, brave the waves by kite surfing, or explore the tidal treasures of marine terraces, Scott Creek Beach is a must-see north coast gem!
|
<urn:uuid:1460e89e-274b-40b6-bc3b-1f1a34e1b722>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.santacruz.org/blog/rugged-beauty-explore-santa-cruzs-north-coast/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00477.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.935965
| 1,016
| 1.757813
| 2
|
Augustine censures the pagans, who attributed the calamities of the world, and especially the recent sack of Rome by the Goths, to the Christian religion, and its prohibition of the worship of the gods. He speaks of the blessings and ills of life, which then, as always, happened to good and bad men alike. Finally, he rebukes the shamelessness of those who cast up to the Christians that their women had been violated by the soldiers.
The glorious city of God is my theme in this work, which you, my dearest son Marcellinus, suggested, and which is due to you by my promise. I have undertaken its defence against those who prefer their own gods to the Founder of this city—a city surpassingly glorious, whether we view it as it still lives by faith in this fleeting course of time, and sojourns as a stranger in the midst of the ungodly, or as it shall dwell in the fixed stability of its eternal seat, which it now with patience waits for, expecting until
righteousness shall return unto judgment, and it obtain, by virtue of its excellence, final victory and perfect peace. A great work this, and an arduous; but God is my helper. For I am aware what ability is requisite to persuade the proud how great is the virtue of humility, which raises us, not by a quite human arrogance, but by a divine grace, above all earthly dignities that totter on this shifting scene. For the King and Founder of this city of which we speak, has in Scripture uttered to His people a dictum of the divine law in these words: proud spirit also affects, and dearly loves that this be numbered among its attributes, to
And therefore, as the plan of this work we have undertaken requires, and as occasion offers, we must speak also of the earthly city, which, though it be mistress of the nations, is itself ruled by its lust of rule.
For to this earthly city belong the enemies against whom I have to defend the city of God. Many of them, indeed, being reclaimed from their ungodly error, have become sufficiently creditable citizens of this city; but many are so inflamed with hatred against it, and are so ungrateful to its Redeemer for His signal benefits, as to forget that they would now be unable to utter a single word to its prejudice, had they not found in its sacred places, as they fled from the enemy's steel, that life in which they now boast themselves. Are not those very Romans, who were spared by the barbarians through their respect for Christ, become enemies to the name of Christ? The reliquaries of the martyrs and the churches of the apostles bear witness to this; for in the sack of the city they were open sanctuary for all who fled to them, whether Christian or Pagan. To their very threshold the blood-thirsty enemy raged; there his murderous fury owned a limit. Thither did such of the enemy as had any pity convey those to whom they had given quarter, lest any less mercifully disposed might fall upon them. And, indeed, when even those murderers who everywhere else showed themselves pitiless came to those spots where that was forbidden which the license of war permitted in every other place, their furious rage for slaughter was bridled, and their eagerness to take prisoners was quenched. Thus escaped multitudes who now reproach the Christian religion, and impute to Christ the ills that have befallen their city; but the preservation of their own life— a boon which they owe to the respect entertained for Christ by the barbarians— they attribute not to our Christ, but to their own good luck. They ought rather, had they any right perceptions, to attribute the severities and hardships inflicted by their enemies, to that divine providence which is wont to reform the depraved manners of men by chastisement, and which exercises with similar afflictions the righteous and praiseworthy—either translating them, when they have passed through the trial, to a better world, or detaining them still on earth for ulterior purposes. And they ought to attribute it to the spirit of these Christian times, that, contrary to the custom of war, these bloodthirsty barbarians spared them, and spared them for Christ's sake, whether this mercy was actually shown in promiscuous places, or in those places specially dedicated to Christ's name, and of which the very largest were selected as sanctuaries, that full scope might thus be given to the expansive compassion which desired that a large multitude might find shelter there. Therefore ought they to give God thanks, and with sincere confession flee for refuge to His name, that so they may escape the punishment of eternal fire— they who with lying lips took upon them this name, that they might escape the punishment of present destruction. For of those whom you see insolently and shamelessly insulting the servants of Christ, there are numbers who would not have escaped that destruction and slaughter had they not pretended that they themselves were Christ's servants. Yet now, in ungrateful pride and most impious madness, and at the risk of being punished in everlasting darkness, they perversely oppose that name under which they fraudulently protected themselves for the sake of enjoying the light of this brief life.
There are histories of numberless wars, both before the building of Rome and since its rise and the extension of its dominion; let these be read, and let one instance be cited in which, when a city had been taken by foreigners, the victors spared those who were found to have fled for sanctuary to the temples of their gods; or one instance in which a barbarian general gave orders that none should be put to the sword who had been found in this or that temple. Did not Æneas see
Dying Priam at the shrine,
Staining the hearth he made divine?
Did not Diomede and Ulysses
Drag with red hands, the sentry slain,
Her fateful image from your fane,
Her chaste locks touch, and stain with gore
The virgin coronal she wore?
Neither is that true which follows, that
Thenceforth the tide of fortune changed,
And Greece grew weak.
For after this they conquered and destroyed Troy with fire and sword; after this they beheaded Priam as he fled to the altars. Neither did Troy perish because it lost Minerva. For what had Minerva herself first lost, that she should perish? Her guards perhaps? No doubt; just her guards. For as soon as they were slain, she could be stolen. It was not, in fact, the men who were preserved by the image, but the image by the men. How, then, was she invoked to defend the city and the citizens, she who could not defend her own defenders?
And these be the gods to whose protecting care the Romans were delighted to entrust their city! O too, too piteous mistake! And they are enraged at us when we speak thus about their gods, though, so far from being enraged at their own writers, they part with money to learn what they say; and, indeed, the very teachers of these authors are reckoned worthy of a salary from the public purse, and of other honors. There is Virgil, who is read by boys, in order that this great poet, this most famous and approved of all poets, may impregnate their virgin minds, and may not readily be forgotten by them, according to that saying of Horace,
The fresh cask long keeps its first tang.
Well, in this Virgil, I say, Juno is introduced as hostile to the Trojans, and stirring up Æolus, the king of the winds, against them in the words,
A race I hate now ploughs the sea,
Transporting Troy to Italy,
And home-gods conquered. ..
And ought prudent men to have entrusted the defence of Rome to these conquered gods? But it will be said, this was only the saying of Juno, who, like an angry woman, did not know what she was saying. What, then, says Æneas himself—Æneas who is so often designated
Lo! Panthus, 'scaped from death by flight,
Priest of Apollo on the height,
His conquered gods with trembling hands
He bears, and shelter swift demands?
Is it not clear that the gods (whom he does not scruple to callconquered) were rather entrusted to Æneas than he to them, when it is said to him,
The gods of her domestic shrines
Your country to your care consigns?
If, then, Virgil says that the gods were such as these, and were conquered, and that when conquered they could not escape except under the protection of a man, what a madness is it to suppose that Rome had been wisely entrusted to these guardians, and could not have been taken unless it had lost them! Indeed, to worship conquered gods as protectors and champions, what is this but to worship, not good divinities, but evil omens? Would it not be wiser to believe, not that Rome would never have fallen into so great a calamity had not they first perished, but rather that they would have perished long since had not Rome preserved them as long as she could? For who does not see, when he thinks of it, what a foolish assumption it is that they could not be vanquished under vanquished defenders, and that they only perished because they had lost their guardian gods, when, indeed, the only cause of their perishing was that they chose for their protectors gods condemned to perish? The poets, therefore, when they composed and sang these things about the conquered gods, had no intention to invent falsehoods, but uttered, as honest men, what the truth extorted from them. This, however, will be carefully and copiously discussed in another and more fitting place. Meanwhile I will briefly, and to the best of my ability, explain what I meant to say about these ungrateful men who blasphemously impute to Christ the calamities which they deservedly suffer in consequence of their own wicked ways, while that which is for Christ's sake spared them in spite of their wickedness they do not even take the trouble to notice; and in their mad and blasphemous insolence, they use against His name those very lips wherewith they falsely claimed that same name that their lives might be spared. In the places consecrated to Christ, where for His sake no enemy would injure them, they restrained their tongues that they might be safe and protected; but no sooner do they emerge from these sanctuaries, than they unbridle these tongues to hurl against Him curses full of hate.
Troy itself, the mother of the Roman people, was not able, as I have said, to protect its own citizens in the sacred places of their gods from the fire and sword of the Greeks, though the Greeks worshipped the same gods. Not only so, but
Phoenix and Ulysses fell
In the void courts by Juno's cell
Were set the spoils to keep;
Snatched from the burning shrines away,
There Ilium's mighty treasure lay,
Rich altars, bowls of massy gold,
And captive raiment, rudely rolled
In one promiscuous heap;
While boys and matrons, wild with fear,
In long array were standing near.
In other words, the place consecrated to so great a goddess was chosen, not that from it none might be led out a captive, but that in it all the captives might be immured. Compare now this
asylum— the asylum not of an ordinary god, not of one of the rank and file of gods, but of Jove's own sister and wife, the queen of all the gods— with the churches built in memory of the apostles. Into it were collected the spoils rescued from the blazing temples and snatched from the gods, not that they might be restored to the vanquished, but divided among the victors; while into these was carried back, with the most religious observance and respect, everything which belonged to them, even though found elsewhere. There liberty was lost; here preserved. There bondage was strict; here strictly excluded. Into that temple men were driven to become the chattels of their enemies, now lording it over them; into these churches men were led by their relenting foes, that they might be at liberty. In fine, the gentle Greeks appropriated that temple of Juno to the purposes of their own avarice and pride; while these churches of Christ were chosen even by the savage barbarians as the fit scenes for humility and mercy. But perhaps, after all, the Greeks did in that victory of theirs spare the temples of those gods whom they worshipped in common with the Trojans, and did not dare to put to the sword or make captive the wretched and vanquished Trojans who fled there; and perhaps Virgil, in the manner of poets, has depicted what never really happened? But there is no question that he depicted the usual custom of an enemy when sacking a city.
Even Cæsar himself gives us positive testimony regarding this custom; for, in his deliverance in the senate about the conspirators, he says (as Sallust, a historian of distinguished veracity, writes )
that virgins and boys are violated, children torn from the embrace of their parents, matrons subjected to whatever should be the pleasure of the conquerors, temples and houses plundered, slaughter and burning rife; in fine, all things filled with arms, corpses, blood, and wailing. If he had not mentioned temples here, we might suppose that enemies were in the habit of sparing the dwellings of the gods. And the Roman temples were in danger of these disasters, not from foreign foes, but from Catiline and his associates, the most noble senators and citizens of Rome. But these, it may be said, were abandoned men, and the parricides of their fatherland.
Why, then, need our argument take note of the many nations who have waged wars with one another, and have nowhere spared the conquered in the temples of their gods? Let us look at the practice of the Romans themselves; let us, I say, recall and review the Romans, whose chief praise it has been
to spare the vanquished and subdue the proud, and that they preferred
rather to forgive than to revenge an injury; and among so many and great cities which they have stormed, taken, and overthrown for the extension of their dominion, let us be told what temples they were accustomed to exempt, so that whoever took refuge in them was free. Or have they really done this, and has the fact been suppressed by the historians of these events? Is it to be believed, that men who sought out with the greatest eagerness points they could praise, would omit those which, in their own estimation, are the most signal proofs of piety? Marcus Marcellus, a distinguished Roman, who took Syracuse, a most splendidly adorned city, is reported to have bewailed its coming ruin, and to have shed his own tears over it before he spilt its blood. He took steps also to preserve the chastity even of his enemy. For before he gave orders for the storming of the city, he issued an edict forbidding the violation of any free person. Yet the city was sacked according to the custom of war; nor do we anywhere read, that even by so chaste and gentle a commander orders were given that no one should be injured who had fled to this or that temple. And this certainly would by no means have been omitted, when neither his weeping nor his edict preservative of chastity could be passed in silence. Fabius, the conqueror of the city of Tarentum, is praised for abstaining from making booty of the images. For when his secretary proposed the question to him, what he wished done with the statues of the gods, which had been taken in large numbers, he veiled his moderation under a joke. For he asked of what sort they were; and when they reported to him that there were not only many large images, but some of them armed,
Oh, says he,
let us leave with the Tarentines their angry gods. Seeing, then, that the writers of Roman history could not pass in silence, neither the weeping of the one general nor the laughing of the other, neither the chaste pity of the one nor the facetious moderation of the other, on what occasion would it be omitted, if, for the honor of any of their enemy's gods, they had shown this particular form of leniency, that in any temple slaughter or captivity was prohibited?
All the spoiling, then, which Rome was exposed to in the recent calamity— all the slaughter, plundering, burning, and misery— was the result of the custom of war. But what was novel, was that savage barbarians showed themselves in so gentle a guise, that the largest churches were chosen and set apart for the purpose of being filled with the people to whom quarter was given, and that in them none were slain, from them none forcibly dragged; that into them many were led by their relenting enemies to be set at liberty, and that from them none were led into slavery by merciless foes. Whoever does not see that this is to be attributed to the name of Christ, and to the Christian temper, is blind; whoever sees this, and gives no praise, is ungrateful; whoever hinders any one from praising it, is mad. Far be it from any prudent man to impute this clemency to the barbarians. Their fierce and bloody minds were awed, and bridled, and marvellously tempered by Him who so long before said by His prophet,
I will visit their transgression with the rod, and their iniquities with stripes; nevertheless my loving-kindness will I not utterly take from them.
Will some one say, Why, then, was this divine compassion extended even to the ungodly and ungrateful? Why, but because it was the mercy of Him who daily Matthew 5:45 For though some of these men, taking thought of this, repent of their wickedness and reform, some, as the apostle says,
despising the riches of His goodness and long-suffering, after their hardness and impenitent heart, treasure up unto themselves wrath against the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God, who will render to every man according to his deeds: Romans 2:4 nevertheless does the patience of God still invite the wicked to repentance, even as the scourge of God educates the good to patience. And so, too, does the mercy of God embrace the good that it may cherish them, as the severity of God arrests the wicked to punish them. To the divine providence it has seemed good to prepare in the world to come for the righteous good things, which the unrighteous shall not enjoy; and for the wicked evil things, by which the good shall not be tormented. But as for the good things of this life, and its ills, God has willed that these should be common to both; that we might not too eagerly covet the things which wicked men are seen equally to enjoy, nor shrink with an unseemly fear from the ills which even good men often suffer.
There is, too, a very great difference in the purpose served both by those events which we call adverse and those called prosperous. For the good man is neither uplifted with the good things of time, nor broken by its ills; but the wicked man, because he is corrupted by this world's happiness, feels himself punished by its unhappiness. Yet often, even in the present distribution of temporal things, does God plainly evince His own interference. For if every sin were now visited with manifest punishment, nothing would seem to be reserved for the final judgment; on the other hand, if no sin received now a plainly divine punishment, it would be concluded that there is no divine providence at all. And so of the good things of this life: if God did not by a very visible liberality confer these on some of those persons who ask for them, we should say that these good things were not at His disposal; and if He gave them to all who sought them, we should suppose that such were the only rewards of His service; and such a service would make us not godly, but greedy rather, and covetous. Wherefore, though good and bad men suffer alike, we must not suppose that there is no difference between the men themselves, because there is no difference in what they both suffer. For even in the likeness of the sufferings, there remains an unlikeness in the sufferers; and though exposed to the same anguish, virtue and vice are not the same thing. For as the same fire causes gold to glow brightly, and chaff to smoke; and under the same flail the straw is beaten small, while the grain is cleansed; and as the lees are not mixed with the oil, though squeezed out of the vat by the same pressure, so the same violence of affliction proves, purges, clarifies the good, but damns, ruins, exterminates the wicked. And thus it is that in the same affliction the wicked detest God and blaspheme, while the good pray and praise. So material a difference does it make, not what ills are suffered, but what kind of man suffers them. For, stirred up with the same movement, mud exhales a horrible stench, and ointment emits a fragrant odor.
What, then, have the Christians suffered in that calamitous period, which would not profit every one who duly and faithfully considered the following circumstances? First of all, they must humbly consider those very sins which have provoked God to fill the world with such terrible disasters; for although they be far from the excesses of wicked, immoral, and ungodly men, yet they do not judge themselves so clean removed from all faults as to be too good to suffer for these even temporal ills. For every man, however laudably he lives, yet yields in some points to the lust of the flesh. Though he do not fall into gross enormity of wickedness, and abandoned viciousness, and abominable profanity, yet he slips into some sins, either rarely or so much the more frequently as the sins seem of less account. But not to mention this, where can we readily find a man who holds in fit and just estimation those persons on account of whose revolting pride, luxury, and avarice, and cursed iniquities and impiety, God now smites the earth as His predictions threatened? Where is the man who lives with them in the style in which it becomes us to live with them? For often we wickedly blind ourselves to the occasions of teaching and admonishing them, sometimes even of reprimanding and chiding them, either because we shrink from the labor or are ashamed to offend them, or because we fear to lose good friendships, lest this should stand in the way of our advancement, or injure us in some worldly matter, which either our covetous disposition desires to obtain, or our weakness shrinks from losing. So that, although the conduct of wicked men is distasteful to the good, and therefore they do not fall with them into that damnation which in the next life awaits such persons, yet, because they spare their damnable sins through fear, therefore, even though their own sins be slight and venial, they are justly scourged with the wicked in this world, though in eternity they quite escape punishment. Justly, when God afflicts them in common with the wicked, do they find this life bitter, through love of whose sweetness they declined to be bitter to these sinners.
If any one forbears to reprove and find fault with those who are doing wrong, because he seeks a more seasonable opportunity, or because he fears they may be made worse by his rebuke, or that other weak persons may be disheartened from endeavoring to lead a good and pious life, and may be driven from the faith; this man's omission seems to be occasioned not by covetousness, but by a charitable consideration. But what is blame-worthy is, that they who themselves revolt from the conduct of the wicked, and live in quite another fashion, yet spare those faults in other men which they ought to reprehend and wean them from; and spare them because they fear to give offense, lest they should injure their interests in those things which good men may innocently and legitimately use—though they use them more greedily than becomes persons who are strangers in this world, and profess the hope of a heavenly country. For not only the weaker brethren who enjoy married life, and have children (or desire to have them), and own houses and establishments, whom the apostle addresses in the churches, warning and instructing them how they should live, both the wives with their husbands, and the husbands with their wives, the children with their parents, and parents with their children, and servants with their masters, and masters with their servants—not only do these weaker brethren gladly obtain and grudgingly lose many earthly and temporal things on account of which they dare not offend men whose polluted and wicked life greatly displeases them; but those also who live at a higher level, who are not entangled in the meshes of married life, but use meagre food and raiment, do often take thought of their own safety and good name, and abstain from finding fault with the wicked, because they fear their wiles and violence. And although they do not fear them to such an extent as to be drawn to the commission of like iniquities, nay, not by any threats or violence soever; yet those very deeds which they refuse to share in the commission of they often decline to find fault with, when possibly they might by finding fault prevent their commission. They abstain from interference, because they fear that, if it fail of good effect, their own safety or reputation may be damaged or destroyed; not because they see that their preservation and good name are needful, that they may be able to influence those who need their instruction, but rather because they weakly relish the flattery and respect of men, and fear the judgments of the people, and the pain or death of the body; that is to say, their non-intervention is the result of selfishness, and not of love.
Accordingly this seems to me to be one principal reason why the good are chastised along with the wicked, when God is pleased to visit with temporal punishments the profligate manners of a community. They are punished together, not because they have spent an equally corrupt life, but because the good as well as the wicked, though not equally with them, love this present life; while they ought to hold it cheap, that the wicked, being admonished and reformed by their example, might lay hold of life eternal. And if they will not be the companions of the good in seeking life everlasting, they should be loved as enemies, and be dealt with patiently. For so long as they live, it remains uncertain whether they may not come to a better mind. These selfish persons have more cause to fear than those to whom it was said through the prophet,
He is taken away in his iniquity, but his blood will I require at the watchman's hand. Ezekiel 33:6 For watchmen or overseers of the people are appointed in churches, that they may unsparingly rebuke sin. Nor is that man guiltless of the sin we speak of, who, though he be not a watchman, yet sees in the conduct of those with whom the relationships of this life bring him into contact, many things that should be blamed, and yet overlooks them, fearing to give offense, and lose such worldly blessings as may legitimately be desired, but which he too eagerly grasps. Then, lastly, there is another reason why the good are afflicted with temporal calamities— the reason which Job's case exemplifies: that the human spirit may be proved, and that it may be manifested with what fortitude of pious trust, and with how unmercenary a love, it cleaves to God.
These are the considerations which one must keep in view, that he may answer the question whether any evil happens to the faithful and godly which cannot be turned to profit. Or shall we say that the question is needless, and that the apostle is vaporing when he says, Romans 8:28
They lost all they had. Their faith? Their godliness? The possessions of the hidden man of the heart, which in the sight of God are of great price? 1 Peter 3:4 Did they lose these? For these are the wealth of Christians, to whom the wealthy apostle said,
Godliness with contentment is great gain. For we brought nothing into this world, and it is certain we can carry nothing out. And having food and raiment, let us be therewith content. But they that will be rich fall into temptation and a snare, and into many foolish and hurtful lusts, which drown men in destruction and perdition. For the love of money is the root of all evil; which, while some coveted after, they have erred from the faith, and pierced themselves through with many sorrows.
They, then, who lost their worldly all in the sack of Rome, if they owned their possessions as they had been taught by the apostle, who himself was poor without, but rich within—that is to say, if they used the world as not using it—could say in the words of Job, heavily tried, but not overcome:
Naked came I out of my mother's womb, and naked shall I return there: the Lord gave, and the Lord has taken away; as it pleased the Lord, so has it come to pass: blessed be the name of the Lord. Job 1:21 Like a good servant, Job counted the will of his Lord his great possession, by obedience to which his soul was enriched; nor did it grieve him to lose, while yet living, those goods which he must shortly leave at his death. But as to those feebler spirits who, though they cannot be said to prefer earthly possessions to Christ, do yet cleave to them with a somewhat immoderate attachment, they have discovered by the pain of losing these things how much they were sinning in loving them. For their grief is of their own making; in the words of the apostle quoted above,
they have pierced themselves through with many sorrows. For it was well that they who had so long despised these verbal admonitions should receive the teaching of experience. For when the apostle says,
They that will be rich fall into temptation, and so on, what he blames in riches is not the possession of them, but the desire of them. For elsewhere he says,
Charge them that are rich in this world, that they be not high-minded, nor trust in uncertain riches, but in the living God, who gives us richly all things to enjoy; that they do good, that they be rich in good works, ready to distribute, willing to communicate; laying up in store for themselves a good foundation against the time to come, that they may lay hold on eternal life. 1 Timothy 6:17-19 They who were making such a use of their property have been consoled for light losses by great gains, and have had more pleasure in those possessions which they have securely laid past, by freely giving them away, than grief in those which they entirely lost by an anxious and selfish hoarding of them. For nothing could perish on earth save what they would be ashamed to carry away from earth. Our Lord's injunction runs,
Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon earth, where moth and rust does corrupt, and where thieves break through and steal; but lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust does corrupt, and where thieves do not break through nor steal: for where your treasure is, there will your heart be also. Matthew 6:19-21 And they who have listened to this injunction have proved in the time of tribulation how well they were advised in not despising this most trustworthy teacher, and most faithful and mighty guardian of their treasure. For if many were glad that their treasure was stored in places which the enemy chanced not to light upon, how much better founded was the joy of those who, by the counsel of their God, had fled with their treasure to a citadel which no enemy can possibly reach! Thus our Paulinus, bishop of Nola, who voluntarily abandoned vast wealth and became quite poor, though abundantly rich in holiness, when the barbarians sacked Nola, and took him prisoner, used silently to pray, as he afterwards told me,
O Lord, let me not be troubled for gold and silver, for where all my treasure is You know. For all his treasure was where he had been taught to hide and store it by Him who had also foretold that these calamities would happen in the world. Consequently those persons who obeyed their Lord when He warned them where and how to lay up treasure, did not lose even their earthly possessions in the invasion of the barbarians; while those who are now repenting that they did not obey Him have learned the right use of earthly goods, if not by the wisdom which would have prevented their loss, at least by the experience which follows it.
But some good and Christian men have been put to the torture, that they might be forced to deliver up their goods to the enemy. They could indeed neither deliver nor lose that good which made themselves good. If, however, they preferred torture to the surrender of the mammon of iniquity, then I say they were not good men. Rather they should have been reminded that, if they suffered so severely for the sake of money, they should endure all torment, if need be, for Christ's sake; that they might be taught to love Him rather who enriches with eternal felicity all who suffer for Him, and not silver and gold, for which it was pitiable to suffer, whether they preserved it by telling a lie or lost it by telling the truth. For under these tortures no one lost Christ by confessing Him, no one preserved wealth save by denying its existence. So that possibly the torture which taught them that they should set their affections on a possession they could not lose, was more useful than those possessions which, without any useful fruit at all, disquieted and tormented their anxious owners. But then we are reminded that some were tortured who had no wealth to surrender, but who were not believed when they said so. These too, however, had perhaps some craving for wealth, and were not willingly poor with a holy resignation; and to such it had to be made plain, that not the actual possession alone, but also the desire of wealth, deserved such excruciating pains. And even if they were destitute of any hidden stores of gold and silver, because they were living in hopes of a better life—I know not indeed if any such person was tortured on the supposition that he had wealth; but if so, then certainly in confessing, when put to the question, a holy poverty, he confessed Christ. And though it was scarcely to be expected that the barbarians should believe him, yet no confessor of a holy poverty could be tortured without receiving a heavenly reward.
Again, they say that the long famine laid many a Christian low. But this, too, the faithful turned to good uses by a pious endurance of it. For those whom famine killed outright it rescued from the ills of this life, as a kindly disease would have done; and those who were only hunger-bitten were taught to live more sparingly, and inured to longer fasts.
But, it is added, many Christians were slaughtered, and were put to death in a hideous variety of cruel ways. Well, if this be hard to bear, it is assuredly the common lot of all who are born into this life. Of this at least I am certain, that no one has ever died who was not destined to die some time. Now the end of life puts the longest life on a par with the shortest. For of two things which have alike ceased to be, the one is not better, the other worse— the one greater, the other less. And of what consequence is it what kind of death puts an end to life, since he who has died once is not forced to go through the same ordeal a second time? And as in the daily casualties of life every man is, as it were, threatened with numberless deaths, so long as it remains uncertain which of them is his fate, I would ask whether it is not better to suffer one and die, than to live in fear of all? I am not unaware of the poor-spirited fear which prompts us to choose rather to live long in fear of so many deaths, than to die once and so escape them all; but the weak and cowardly shrinking of the flesh is one thing, and the well-considered and reasonable persuasion of the soul quite another. That death is not to be judged an evil which is the end of a good life; for death becomes evil only by the retribution which follows it. They, then, who are destined to die, need not be careful to inquire what death they are to die, but into what place death will usher them. And since Christians are well aware that the death of the godly pauper whose sores the dogs licked was far better than of the wicked rich man who lay in purple and fine linen, what harm could these terrific deaths do to the dead who had lived well?
Further still, we are reminded that in such a carnage as then occurred, the bodies could not even be buried. But godly confidence is not appalled by so ill-omened a circumstance; for the faithful bear in mind that assurance has been given that not a hair of their head shall perish, and that, therefore, though they even be devoured by beasts, their blessed resurrection will not hereby be hindered. The Truth would nowise have said,
Fear not them which kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul, Matthew 10:28 if anything whatever that an enemy could do to the body of the slain could be detrimental to the future life. Or will some one perhaps take so absurd a position as to contend that those who kill the body are not to be feared before death, and lest they kill the body, but after death, lest they deprive it of burial? If this be so, then that is false which Christ says,
Be not afraid of them that kill the body, and after that have no more that they can do; Luke 12:4 for it seems they can do great injury to the dead body. Far be it from us to suppose that the Truth can be thus false. They who kill the body are said
to do something, because the deathblow is felt, the body still having sensation; but after that, they have no more that they can do, for in the slain body there is no sensation. And so there are indeed many bodies of Christians lying unburied; but no one has separated them from heaven, nor from that earth which is all filled with the presence of Him who knows whence He will raise again what He created. It is said, indeed, in the Psalm:
The dead bodies of Your servants have they given to be meat unto the fowls of the heaven, the flesh of Your saints unto the beasts of the earth. Their blood have they shed like water round about Jerusalem; and there was none to bury them. But this was said rather to exhibit the cruelty of those who did these things, than the misery of those who suffered them. To the eyes of men this appears a harsh and doleful lot, yet
precious in the sight of the Lord is the death of His saints. Wherefore all these last offices and ceremonies that concern the dead, the careful funeral arrangements, and the equipment of the tomb, and the pomp of obsequies, are rather the solace of the living than the comfort of the dead. If a costly burial does any good to a wicked man, a squalid burial, or none at all, may harm the godly. His crowd of domestics furnished the purple-clad Dives with a funeral gorgeous in the eye of man; but in the sight of God that was a more sumptuous funeral which the ulcerous pauper received at the hands of the angels, who did not carry him out to a marble tomb, but bore him aloft to Abraham's bosom.
The men against whom I have undertaken to defend the city of God laugh at all this. But even their own philosophers have despised a careful burial; and often whole armies have fought and fallen for their earthly country without caring to inquire whether they would be left exposed on the field of battle, or become the food of wild beasts. Of this noble disregard of sepulture poetry has well said:
He who has no tomb has the sky for his vault. How much less ought they to insult over the unburied bodies of Christians, to whom it has been promised that the flesh itself shall be restored, and the body formed anew, all the members of it being gathered not only from the earth, but from the most secret recesses of any other of the elements in which the dead bodies of men have lain hid!
Nevertheless the bodies of the dead are not on this account to be despised and left unburied; least of all the bodies of the righteous and faithful, which have been used by the Holy Spirit as His organs and instruments for all good works. For if the dress of a father, or his ring, or anything he wore, be precious to his children, in proportion to the love they bore him, with how much more reason ought we to care for the bodies of those we love, which they wore far more closely and intimately than any clothing! For the body is not an extraneous ornament or aid, but a part of man's very nature. And therefore to the righteous of ancient times the last offices were piously rendered, and sepulchres provided for them, and obsequies celebrated; and they themselves, while yet alive, gave commandment to their sons about the burial, and, on occasion, even about the removal of their bodies to some favorite place. And Tobit, according to the angel's testimony, is commended, and is said to have pleased God by burying the dead. Tobit 12:12 Our Lord Himself, too, though He was to rise again the third day, applauds, and commends to our applause, the good work of the religious woman who poured precious ointment over His limbs, and did it against His burial. Matthew 26:10-13 And the Gospel speaks with commendation of those who were careful to take down His body from the cross, and wrap it lovingly in costly cerements, and see to its burial. John 19:38 These instances certainly do not prove that corpses have any feeling; but they show that God's providence extends even to the bodies of the dead, and that such pious offices are pleasing to Him, as cherishing faith in the resurrection. And we may also draw from them this wholesome lesson, that if God does not forget even any kind office which loving care pays to the unconscious dead, much more does He reward the charity we exercise towards the living. Other things, indeed, which the holy patriarchs said of the burial and removal of their bodies, they meant to be taken in a prophetic sense; but of these we need not here speak at large, what we have already said being sufficient. But if the want of those things which are necessary for the support of the living, as food and clothing, though painful and trying, does not break down the fortitude and virtuous endurance of good men, nor eradicate piety from their souls, but rather renders it more fruitful, how much less can the absence of the funeral, and of the other customary attentions paid to the dead, render those wretched who are already reposing in the hidden abodes of the blessed! Consequently, though in the sack of Rome and of other towns the dead bodies of the Christians were deprived of these last offices, this is neither the fault of the living, for they could not render them; nor an infliction to the dead, for they cannot feel the loss.
But, say they, many Christians were even led away captive. This indeed were a most pitiable fate, if they could be led away to any place where they could not find their God. But for this calamity also sacred Scripture affords great consolation. The three youths Daniel 3 were captives; Daniel was a captive; so were other prophets: and God, the comforter, did not fail them. And in like manner He has not failed His own people in the power of a nation which, though barbarous, is yet human—He who did not abandon the prophet in the belly of a monster. Jonah 1 These things, indeed, are turned to ridicule rather than credited by those with whom we are debating; though they believe what they read in their own books, that Arion of Methymna, the famous lyrist, when he was thrown overboard, was received on a dolphin's back and carried to land. But that story of ours about the prophet Jonah is far more incredible—more incredible because more marvellous, and more marvellous because a greater exhibition of power.
But among their own famous men they have a very noble example of the voluntary endurance of captivity in obedience to a religious scruple. Marcus Attilius Regulus, a Roman general, was a prisoner in the hands of the Carthaginians. But they, being more anxious to exchange their prisoners with the Romans than to keep them, sent Regulus as a special envoy with their own embassadors to negotiate this exchange, but bound him first with an oath, that if he failed to accomplish their wish, he would return to Carthage. He went and persuaded the senate to the opposite course, because he believed it was not for the advantage of the Roman republic to make an exchange of prisoners. After he had thus exerted his influence, the Romans did not compel him to return to the enemy; but what he had sworn he voluntarily performed. But the Carthaginians put him to death with refined, elaborate, and horrible tortures. They shut him up in a narrow box, in which he was compelled to stand, and in which finely sharpened nails were fixed all round about him, so that he could not lean upon any part of it without intense pain; and so they killed him by depriving him of sleep. With justice, indeed, do they applaud the virtue which rose superior to so frightful a fate. However, the gods he swore by were those who are now supposed to avenge the prohibition of their worship, by inflicting these present calamities on the human race. But if these gods, who were worshipped specially in this behalf, that they might confer happiness in this life, either willed or permitted these punishments to be inflicted on one who kept his oath to them, what more cruel punishment could they in their anger have inflicted on a perjured person? But why may I not draw from my reasoning a double inference? Regulus certainly had such reverence for the gods, that for his oath's sake he would neither remain in his own land nor go elsewhere, but without hesitation returned to his bitterest enemies. If he thought that this course would be advantageous with respect to this present life, he was certainly much deceived, for it brought his life to a frightful termination. By his own example, in fact, he taught that the gods do not secure the temporal happiness of their worshippers; since he himself, who was devoted to their worship, as both conquered in battle and taken prisoner, and then, because he refused to act in violation of the oath he had sworn by them, was tortured and put to death by a new, and hitherto unheard of, and all too horrible kind of punishment. And on the supposition that the worshippers of the gods are rewarded by felicity in the life to come, why, then, do they calumniate the influence of Christianity? Why do they assert that this disaster has overtaken the city because it has ceased to worship its gods, since, worship them as assiduously as it may, it may yet be as unfortunate as Regulus was? Or will some one carry so wonderful a blindness to the extent of wildly attempting, in the face of the evident truth, to contend that though one man might be unfortunate, though a worshipper of the gods, yet a whole city could not be so? That is to say, the power of their gods is better adapted to preserve multitudes than individuals,— as if a multitude were not composed of individuals.
But if they say that M. Regulus, even while a prisoner and enduring these bodily torments, might yet enjoy the blessedness of a virtuous soul, then let them recognize that true virtue by which a city also may be blessed. For the blessedness of a community and of an individual flow from the same source; for a community is nothing else than a harmonious collection of individuals. So that I am not concerned meantime to discuss what kind of virtue Regulus possessed; enough, that by his very noble example they are forced to own that the gods are to be worshipped not for the sake of bodily comforts or external advantages; for he preferred to lose all such things rather than offend the gods by whom he had sworn. But what can we make of men who glory in having such a citizen, but dread having a city like him? If they do not dread this, then let them acknowledge that some such calamity as befell Regulus may also befall a community, though they be worshipping their gods as diligently as he; and let them no longer throw the blame of their misfortunes on Christianity. But as our present concern is with those Christians who were taken prisoners, let those who take occasion from this calamity to revile our most wholesome religion in a fashion not less imprudent than impudent, consider this and hold their peace; for if it was no reproach to their gods that a most punctilious worshipper of theirs should, for the sake of keeping his oath to them, be deprived of his native land without hope of finding another, and fall into the hands of his enemies, and be put to death by a long-drawn and exquisite torture, much less ought the Christian name to be charged with the captivity of those who believe in its power, since they, in confident expectation of a heavenly country, know that they are pilgrims even in their own homes.
But they fancy they bring a conclusive charge against Christianity, when they aggravate the horror of captivity by adding that not only wives and unmarried maidens, but even consecrated virgins, were violated. But truly, with respect to this, it is not Christian faith, nor piety, nor even the virtue of chastity, which is hemmed into any difficulty; the only difficulty is so to treat the subject as to satisfy at once modesty and reason. And in discussing it we shall not be so careful to reply to our accusers as to comfort our friends. Let this, therefore, in the first place, be laid down as an unassailable position, that the virtue which makes the life good has its throne in the soul, and thence rules the members of the body, which becomes holy in virtue of the holiness of the will; and that while the will remains firm and unshaken, nothing that another person does with the body, or upon the body, is any fault of the person who suffers it, so long as he cannot escape it without sin. But as not only pain may be inflicted, but lust gratified on the body of another, whenever anything of this latter kind takes place, shame invades even a thoroughly pure spirit from which modesty has not departed—shame, lest that act which could not be suffered without some sensual pleasure, should be believed to have been committed also with some assent of the will.
And consequently, even if some of these virgins killed themselves to avoid such disgrace, who that has any human feeling would refuse to forgive them? And as for those who would not put an end to their lives, lest they might seem to escape the crime of another by a sin of their own, he who lays this to their charge as a great wickedness is himself not guiltless of the fault of folly. For if it is not lawful to take the law into our own hands, and slay even a guilty person, whose death no public sentence has warranted, then certainly he who kills himself is a homicide, and so much the guiltier of his own death, as he was more innocent of that offense for which he doomed himself to die. Do we justly execrate the deed of Judas, and does truth itself pronounce that by hanging himself he rather aggravated than expiated the guilt of that most iniquitous betrayal, since, by despairing of God's mercy in his sorrow that wrought death, he left to himself no place for a healing penitence? How much more ought he to abstain from laying violent hands on himself who has done nothing worthy of such a punishment! For Judas, when he killed himself, killed a wicked man; but he passed from this life chargeable not only with the death of Christ, but with his own: for though he killed himself on account of his crime, his killing himself was another crime. Why, then, should a man who has done no ill do ill to himself, and by killing himself kill the innocent to escape another's guilty act, and perpetrate upon himself a sin of his own, that the sin of another may not be perpetrated on him?
But is there a fear that even another's lust may pollute the violated? It will not pollute, if it be another's: if it pollute, it is not another's, but is shared also by the polluted. But since purity is a virtue of the soul, and has for its companion virtue, the fortitude which will rather endure all ills than consent to evil; and since no one, however magnanimous and pure, has always the disposal of his own body, but can control only the consent and refusal of his will, what sane man can suppose that, if his body be seized and forcibly made use of to satisfy the lust of another, he thereby loses his purity? For if purity can be thus destroyed, then assuredly purity is no virtue of the soul; nor can it be numbered among those good things by which the life is made good, but among the good things of the body, in the same category as strength, beauty, sound and unbroken health, and, in short, all such good things as may be diminished without at all diminishing the goodness and rectitude of our life. But if purity be nothing better than these, why should the body be perilled that it may be preserved? If, on the other hand, it belongs to the soul, then not even when the body is violated is it lost. Nay more, the virtue of holy continence, when it resists the uncleanness of carnal lust, sanctifies even the body, and therefore when this continence remains unsubdued, even the sanctity of the body is preserved, because the will to use it holily remains, and, so far as lies in the body itself, the power also.
For the sanctity of the body does not consist in the integrity of its members, nor in their exemption from all touch; for they are exposed to various accidents which do violence to and wound them, and the surgeons who administer relief often perform operations that sicken the spectator. A midwife, suppose, has (whether maliciously or accidentally, or through unskillfulness) destroyed the virginity of some girl, while endeavoring to ascertain it: I suppose no one is so foolish as to believe that, by this destruction of the integrity of one organ, the virgin has lost anything even of her bodily sanctity. And thus, so long as the soul keeps this firmness of purpose which sanctifies even the body, the violence done by another's lust makes no impression on this bodily sanctity, which is preserved intact by one's own persistent continence. Suppose a virgin violates the oath she has sworn to God, and goes to meet her seducer with the intention of yielding to him, shall we say that as she goes she is possessed even of bodily sanctity, when already she has lost and destroyed that sanctity of soul which sanctifies the body? Far be it from us to so misapply words. Let us rather draw this conclusion, that while the sanctity of the soul remains even when the body is violated, the sanctity of the body is not lost; and that, in like manner, the sanctity of the body is lost when the sanctity of the soul is violated, though the body itself remains intact. And therefore a woman who has been violated by the sin of another, and without any consent of her own, has no cause to put herself to death; much less has she cause to commit suicide in order to avoid such violation, for in that case she commits certain homicide to prevent a crime which is uncertain as yet, and not her own.
This, then, is our position, and it seems sufficiently lucid. We maintain that when a woman is violated while her soul admits no consent to the iniquity, but remains inviolably chaste, the sin is not hers, but his who violates her. But do they against whom we have to defend not only the souls, but the sacred bodies too of these outraged Christian captives,— do they, perhaps, dare to dispute our position? But all know how loudly they extol the purity of Lucretia, that noble matron of ancient Rome. When King Tarquin's son had violated her body, she made known the wickedness of this young profligate to her husband Collatinus, and to Brutus her kinsman, men of high rank and full of courage, and bound them by an oath to avenge it. Then, heart-sick, and unable to bear the shame, she put an end to her life. What shall we call her? An adulteress, or chaste? There is no question which she was. Not more happily than truly did a declaimer say of this sad occurrence:
Here was a marvel: there were two, and only one committed adultery. Most forcibly and truly spoken. For this declaimer, seeing in the union of the two bodies the foul lust of the one, and the chaste will of the other, and giving heed not to the contact of the bodily members, but to the wide diversity of their souls, says:
There were two, but the adultery was committed only by one.
But how is it, that she who was no partner to the crime bears the heavier punishment of the two? For the adulterer was only banished along with his father; she suffered the extreme penalty. If that was not impurity by which she was unwillingly ravished, then this is not justice by which she, being chaste, is punished. To you I appeal, you laws and judges of Rome. Even after the perpetration of great enormities, you do not suffer the criminal to be slain untried. If, then, one were to bring to your bar this case, and were to prove to you that a woman not only untried, but chaste and innocent, had been killed, would you not visit the murderer with punishment proportionably severe? This crime was committed by Lucretia; that Lucretia so celebrated and lauded slew the innocent, chaste, outraged Lucretia. Pronounce sentence. But if you cannot, because there does not appear any one whom you can punish, why do you extol with such unmeasured laudation her who slew an innocent and chaste woman? Assuredly you will find it impossible to defend her before the judges of the realms below, if they be such as your poets are fond of representing them; for she is among those
Who guiltless sent themselves to doom,
And all for loathing of the day,
In madness threw their lives away.
And if she with the others wishes to return,
Fate bars the way: around their keep
The slow unlovely waters creep,
And bind with ninefold chain.
Or perhaps she is not there, because she slew herself conscious of guilt, not of innocence? She herself alone knows her reason; but what if she was betrayed by the pleasure of the act, and gave some consent to Sextus, though so violently abusing her, and then was so affected with remorse, that she thought death alone could expiate her sin? Even though this were the case, she ought still to have held her hand from suicide, if she could with her false gods have accomplished a fruitful repentance. However, if such were the state of the case, and if it were false that there were two, but one only committed adultery; if the truth were that both were involved in it, one by open assault, the other by secret consent, then she did not kill an innocent woman; and therefore her erudite defenders may maintain that she is not among that class of the dwellers below
who guiltless sent themselves to doom. But this case of Lucretia is in such a dilemma, that if you extenuate the homicide, you confirm the adultery: if you acquit her of adultery, you make the charge of homicide heavier; and there is no way out of the dilemma, when one asks, If she was adulterous, why praise her? If chaste, why slay her?
Nevertheless, for our purpose of refuting those who are unable to comprehend what true sanctity is, and who therefore insult over our outraged Christian women, it is enough that in the instance of this noble Roman matron it was said in her praise,
There were two, but the adultery was the crime of only one. For Lucretia was confidently believed to be superior to the contamination of any consenting thought to the adultery. And accordingly, since she killed herself for being subjected to an outrage in which she had no guilty part, it is obvious that this act of hers was prompted not by the love of purity, but by the overwhelming burden of her shame. She was ashamed that so foul a crime had been perpetrated upon her, though without her abetting; and this matron, with the Roman love of glory in her veins, was seized with a proud dread that, if she continued to live, it would be supposed she willingly did not resent the wrong that had been done her. She could not exhibit to men her conscience but she judged that her self-inflicted punishment would testify her state of mind; and she burned with shame at the thought that her patient endurance of the foul affront that another had done her, should be construed into complicity with him. Not such was the decision of the Christian women who suffered as she did, and yet survive. They declined to avenge upon themselves the guilt of others, and so add crimes of their own to those crimes in which they had no share. For this they would have done had their shame driven them to homicide, as the lust of their enemies had driven them to adultery. Within their own souls, in the witness of their own conscience, they enjoy the glory of chastity. In the sight of God, too, they are esteemed pure, and this contents them; they ask no more: it suffices them to have opportunity of doing good, and they decline to evade the distress of human suspicion, lest they thereby deviate from the divine law.
It is not without significance, that in no passage of the holy canonical books there can be found either divine precept or permission to take away our own life, whether for the sake of entering on the enjoyment of immortality, or of shunning, or ridding ourselves of anything whatever. Nay, the law, rightly interpreted, even prohibits suicide, where it says,
You shall not kill. This is proved especially by the omission of the words
your neighbor, which are inserted when false witness is forbidden:
You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor. Nor yet should any one on this account suppose he has not broken this commandment if he has borne false witness only against himself. For the love of our neighbor is regulated by the love of ourselves, as it is written,
You shall love your neighbor as yourself. If, then, he who makes false statements about himself is not less guilty of bearing false witness than if he had made them to the injury of his neighbor; although in the commandment prohibiting false witness only his neighbor is mentioned, and persons taking no pains to understand it might suppose that a man was allowed to be a false witness to his own hurt; how much greater reason have we to understand that a man may not kill himself, since in the commandment,
You shall not kill, there is no limitation added nor any exception made in favor of any one, and least of all in favor of him on whom the command is laid! And so some attempt to extend this command even to beasts and cattle, as if it forbade us to take life from any creature. But if so, why not extend it also to the plants, and all that is rooted in and nourished by the earth? For though this class of creatures have no sensation, yet they also are said to live, and consequently they can die; and therefore, if violence be done them, can be killed. So, too, the apostle, when speaking of the seeds of such things as these, says,
That which you sow is not quickened except it die; and in the Psalm it is said,
He killed their vines with hail. Must we therefore reckon it a breaking of this commandment,
You shall not kill, to pull a flower? Are we thus insanely to countenance the foolish error of the Manichæans? Putting aside, then, these ravings, if, when we say, You shall not kill, we do not understand this of the plants, since they have no sensation, nor of the irrational animals that fly, swim, walk, or creep, since they are dissociated from us by their want of reason, and are therefore by the just appointment of the Creator subjected to us to kill or keep alive for our own uses; if so, then it remains that we understand that commandment simply of man. The commandment is,
You shall not kill man; therefore neither another nor yourself, for he who kills himself still kills nothing else than man.
However, there are some exceptions made by the divine authority to its own law, that men may not be put to death. These exceptions are of two kinds, being justified either by a general law, or by a special commission granted for a time to some individual. And in this latter case, he to whom authority is delegated, and who is but the sword in the hand of him who uses it, is not himself responsible for the death he deals. And, accordingly, they who have waged war in obedience to the divine command, or in conformity with His laws, have represented in their persons the public justice or the wisdom of government, and in this capacity have put to death wicked men; such persons have by no means violated the commandment,
You shall not kill. Abraham indeed was not merely deemed guiltless of cruelty, but was even applauded for his piety, because he was ready to slay his son in obedience to God, not to his own passion. And it is reasonably enough made a question, whether we are to esteem it to have been in compliance with a command of God that Jephthah killed his daughter, because she met him when he had vowed that he would sacrifice to God whatever first met him as he returned victorious from battle. Samson, too, who drew down the house on himself and his foes together, is justified only on this ground, that the Spirit who wrought wonders by him had given him secret instructions to do this. With the exception, then, of these two classes of cases, which are justified either by a just law that applies generally, or by a special intimation from God Himself, the fountain of all justice, whoever kills a man, either himself or another, is implicated in the guilt of murder.
But they who have laid violent hands on themselves are perhaps to be admired for their greatness of soul, though they cannot be applauded for the soundness of their judgment. However, if you look at the matter more closely, you will scarcely call it greatness of soul, which prompts a man to kill himself rather than bear up against some hardships of fortune, or sins in which he is not implicated. Is it not rather proof of a feeble mind, to be unable to bear either the pains of bodily servitude or the foolish opinion of the vulgar? And is not that to be pronounced the greater mind, which rather faces than flees the ills of life, and which, in comparison of the light and purity of conscience, holds in small esteem the judgment of men, and specially of the vulgar, which is frequently involved in a mist of error? And, therefore, if suicide is to be esteemed a magnanimous act, none can take higher rank for magnanimity than that Cleombrotus, who (as the story goes), when he had read Plato's book in which he treats of the immortality of the soul, threw himself from a wall, and so passed from this life to that which he believed to be better. For he was not hard pressed by calamity, nor by any accusation, false or true, which he could not very well have lived down; there was, in short, no motive but only magnanimity urging him to seek death, and break away from the sweet detention of this life. And yet that this was a magnanimous rather than a justifiable action, Plato himself, whom he had read, would have told him; for he would certainly have been forward to commit, or at least to recommend suicide, had not the same bright intellect which saw that the soul was immortal, discerned also that to seek immortality by suicide was to be prohibited rather than encouraged.
Again, it is said many have killed themselves to prevent an enemy doing so. But we are not inquiring whether it has been done, but whether it ought to have been done. Sound judgment is to be preferred even to examples, and indeed examples harmonize with the voice of reason; but not all examples, but those only which are distinguished by their piety, and are proportionately worthy of imitation. For suicide we cannot cite the example of patriarchs, prophets, or apostles; though our Lord Jesus Christ, when He admonished them to flee from city to city if they were persecuted, might very well have taken that occasion to advise them to lay violent hands on themselves, and so escape their persecutors. But seeing He did not do this, nor proposed this mode of departing this life, though He were addressing His own friends for whom He had promised to prepare everlasting mansions, it is obvious that such ex amples as are produced from the
nations that forget God, give no warrant of imitation to the worshippers of the one true God.
Besides Lucretia, of whom enough has already been said, our advocates of suicide have some difficulty in finding any other prescriptive example, unless it be that of Cato, who killed himself at Utica. His example is appealed to, not because he was the only man who did so, but because he was so esteemed as a learned and excellent man, that it could plausibly be maintained that what he did was and is a good thing to do. But of this action of his, what can I say but that his own friends, enlightened men as he, prudently dissuaded him, and therefore judged his act to be that of a feeble rather than a strong spirit, and dictated not by honorable feeling forestalling shame, but by weakness shrinking from hardships? Indeed, Cato condemns himself by the advice he gave to his dearly loved son. For if it was a disgrace to live under Cæsar's rule, why did the father urge the son to this disgrace, by encouraging him to trust absolutely to Cæsar's generosity? Why did he not persuade him to die along with himself? If Torquatus was applauded for putting his son to death, when contrary to orders he had engaged, and engaged successfully, with the enemy, why did conquered Cato spare his conquered son, though he did not spare himself? Was it more disgraceful to be a victor contrary to orders, than to submit to a victor contrary to the received ideas of honor? Cato, then, cannot have deemed it to be shameful to live under Cæsar's rule; for had he done so, the father's sword would have delivered his son from this disgrace. The truth is, that his son, whom he both hoped and desired would be spared by Cæsar, was not more loved by him than Cæsar was envied the glory of pardoning him (as indeed Cæsar himself is reported to have said ); or if envy is too strong a word, let us say he was ashamed that this glory should be his.
Our opponents are offended at our preferring to Cato the saintly Job, who endured dreadful evils in his body rather than deliver himself from all torment by self-inflicted death; or other saints, of whom it is recorded in our authoritative and trustworthy books that they bore captivity and the oppression of their enemies rather than commit suicide. But their own books authorize us to prefer to Marcus Cato, Marcus Regulus. For Cato had never conquered Cæsar; and when conquered by him, disdained to submit himself to him, and that he might escape this submission put himself to death. Regulus, on the contrary, had formerly conquered the Carthaginians, and in command of the army of Rome had won for the Roman republic a victory which no citizen could bewail, and which the enemy himself was constrained to admire; yet afterwards, when he in his turn was defeated by them, he preferred to be their captive rather than to put himself beyond their reach by suicide. Patient under the domination of the Carthaginians, and constant in his love of the Romans, he neither deprived the one of his conquered body, nor the other of his unconquered spirit. Neither was it love of life that prevented him from killing himself. This was plainly enough indicated by his unhesitatingly returning, on account of his promise and oath, to the same enemies whom he had more grievously provoked by his words in the senate than even by his arms in battle. Having such a contempt of life, and preferring to end it by whatever torments excited enemies might contrive, rather than terminate it by his own hand, he could not more distinctly have declared how great a crime he judged suicide to be. Among all their famous and remarkable citizens, the Romans have no better man to boast of than this, who was neither corrupted by prosperity, for he remained a very poor man after winning such victories; nor broken by adversity, for he returned intrepidly to the most miserable end. But if the bravest and most renowned heroes, who had but an earthly country to defend, and who, though they had but false gods, yet rendered them a true worship, and carefully kept their oath to them; if these men, who by the custom and right of war put conquered enemies to the sword, yet shrank from putting an end to their own lives even when conquered by their enemies; if, though they had no fear at all of death, they would yet rather suffer slavery than commit suicide, how much rather must Christians, the worshippers of the true God, the aspirants to a heavenly citizenship, shrink from this act, if in God's providence they have been for a season delivered into the hands of their enemies to prove or to correct them! And certainly, Christians subjected to this humiliating condition will not be deserted by the Most High, who for their sakes humbled Himself. Neither should they forget that they are bound by no laws of war, nor military orders, to put even a conquered enemy to the sword; and if a man may not put to death the enemy who has sinned, or may yet sin against him, who is so infatuated as to maintain that he may kill himself because an enemy has sinned, or is going to sin, against him?
But, we are told, there is ground to fear that, when the body is subjected to the enemy's lust, the insidious pleasure of sense may entice the soul to consent to the sin, and steps must be taken to prevent so disastrous a result. And is not suicide the proper mode of preventing not only the enemy's sin, but the sin of the Christian so allured? Now, in the first place, the soul which is led by God and His wisdom, rather than by bodily concupiscence, will certainly never consent to the desire aroused in its own flesh by another's lust. And, at all events, if it be true, as the truth plainly declares, that suicide is a detestable and damnable wickedness, who is such a fool as to say, Let us sin now, that we may obviate a possible future sin; let us now commit murder, lest we perhaps afterwards should commit adultery? If we are so controlled by iniquity that innocence is out of the question, and we can at best but make a choice of sins, is not a future and uncertain adultery preferable to a present and certain murder? Is it not better to commit a wickedness which penitence may heal, than a crime which leaves no place for healing contrition? I say this for the sake of those men or women who fear they may be enticed into consenting to their violator's lust, and think they should lay violent hands on themselves, and so prevent, not another's sin, but their own. But far be it from the mind of a Christian confiding in God, and resting in the hope of His aid; far be it, I say, from such a mind to yield a shameful consent to pleasures of the flesh, howsoever presented. And if that lustful disobedience, which still dwells in our mortal members, follows its own law irrespective of our will, surely its motions in the body of one who rebels against them are as blameless as its motions in the body of one who sleeps.
But, they say, in the time of persecution some holy women escaped those who menaced them with outrage, by casting themselves into rivers which they knew would drown them; and having died in this manner, they are venerated in the Catholic Church as martyrs. Of such persons I do not presume to speak rashly. I cannot tell whether there may not have been vouchsafed to the church some divine authority, proved by trustworthy evidences, for so honoring their memory: it may be that it is so. It may be they were not deceived by human judgment, but prompted by divine wisdom, to their act of self-destruction. We know that this was the case with Samson. And when God enjoins any act, and intimates by plain evidence that He has enjoined it, who will call obedience criminal? Who will accuse so religious a submission? But then every man is not justified in sacrificing his son to God, because Abraham was commendable in so doing. The soldier who has slain a man in obedience to the authority under which he is lawfully commissioned, is not accused of murder by any law of his state; nay, if he has not slain him, it is then he is accused of treason to the state, and of despising the law. But if he has been acting on his own authority, and at his own impulse, he has in this case incurred the crime of shedding human blood. And thus he is punished for doing without orders the very thing he is punished for neglecting to do when he has been ordered. If the commands of a general make so great a difference, shall the commands of God make none? He, then, who knows it is unlawful to kill himself, may nevertheless do so if he is ordered by Him whose commands we may not neglect. Only let him be very sure that the divine command has been signified. As for us, we can become privy to the secrets of conscience only in so far as these are disclosed to us, and so far only do we judge: 1 Corinthians 2:11 But this we affirm, this we maintain, this we every way pronounce to be right, that no man ought to inflict on himself voluntary death, for this is to escape the ills of time by plunging into those of eternity; that no man ought to do so on account of another man's sins, for this were to escape a guilt which could not pollute him, by incurring great guilt of his own; that no man ought to do so on account of his own past sins, for he has all the more need of this life that these sins may be healed by repentance; that no man should put an end to this life to obtain that better life we look for after death, for those who die by their own hand have no better life after death.
There remains one reason for suicide which I mentioned before, and which is thought a sound one—namely, to prevent one's falling into sin either through the blandishments of pleasure or the violence of pain. If this reason were a good one, then we should be impelled to exhort men at once to destroy themselves, as soon as they have been washed in the laver of regeneration, and have received the forgiveness of all sin. Then is the time to escape all future sin, when all past sin is blotted out. And if this escape be lawfully secured by suicide, why not then specially? Why does any baptized person hold his hand from taking his own life? Why does any person who is freed from the hazards of this life again expose himself to them, when he has power so easily to rid himself of them all, and when it is written,
He who loves danger shall fall into it? Sirach 3:27 Why does he love, or at least face, so many serious dangers, by remaining in this life from which he may legitimately depart? But is any one so blinded and twisted in his moral nature, and so far astray from the truth, as to think that, though a man ought to make away with himself for fear of being led into sin by the oppression of one man, his master, he ought yet to live, and so expose himself to the hourly temptations of this world, both to all those evils which the oppression of one master involves, and to numberless other miseries in which this life inevitably implicates us? What reason, then, is there for our consuming time in those exhortations by which we seek to animate the baptized, either to virginal chastity, or vidual continence, or matrimonial fidelity, when we have so much more simple and compendious a method of deliverance from sin, by persuading those who are fresh from baptism to put an end to their lives, and so pass to their Lord pure and well-conditioned? If any one thinks that such persuasion should be attempted, I say not he is foolish, but mad. With what face, then, can he say to any man,
Kill yourself, lest to your small sins you add a heinous sin, while you live under an unchaste master, whose conduct is that of a barbarian? How can he say this, if he cannot without wickedness say,
Kill yourself, now that you are washed from all your sins, lest you fall again into similar or even aggravated sins, while you live in a world which has such power to allure by its unclean pleasures, to torment by its horrible cruelties, to overcome by its errors and terrors? It is wicked to say this; it is therefore wicked to kill oneself. For if there could be any just cause of suicide, this were so. And since not even this is so, there is none.
Let not your life, then, be a burden to you, you faithful servants of Christ, though your chastity was made the sport of your enemies. You have a grand and true consolation, if you maintain a good conscience, and know that you did not consent to the sins of those who were permitted to commit sinful outrage upon you. And if you should ask why this permission was granted, indeed it is a deep providence of the Creator and Governor of the world; and
unsearchable are His judgments, and His ways past finding out. Romans 11:33 Nevertheless, faithfully interrogate your own souls, whether you have not been unduly puffed up by your integrity, and continence, and chastity; and whether you have not been so desirous of the human praise that is accorded to these virtues, that you have envied some who possessed them. I, for my part, do not know your hearts, and therefore I make no accusation; I do not even hear what your hearts answer when you question them. And yet, if they answer that it is as I have supposed it might be, do not marvel that you have lost that by which you can win men's praise, and retain that which cannot be exhibited to men. If you did not consent to sin, it was because God added His aid to His grace that it might not be lost, and because shame before men succeeded to human glory that it might not be loved. But in both respects even the faint-hearted among you have a consolation, approved by the one experience, chastened by the other; justified by the one, corrected by the other. As to those whose hearts, when interrogated, reply that they have never been proud of the virtue of virginity, widowhood, or matrimonial chastity, but, condescending to those of low estate, rejoiced with trembling in these gifts of God, and that they have never envied any one the like excellences of sanctity and purity, but rose superior to human applause, which is wont to be abundant in proportion to the rarity of the virtue applauded, and rather desired that their own number be increased, than that by the smallness of their numbers each of them should be conspicuous—even such faithful women, I say, must not complain that permission was given to the barbarians so grossly to outrage them; nor must they allow themselves to believe that God overlooked their character when He permitted acts which no one with impunity commits. For some most flagrant and wicked desires are allowed free play at present by the secret judgment of God, and are reserved to the public and final judgment. Moreover, it is possible that those Christian women, who are unconscious of any undue pride on account of their virtuous chastity, whereby they sinlessly suffered the violence of their captors, had yet some lurking infirmity which might have betrayed them into a proud and contemptuous bearing, had they not been subjected to the humiliation that befell them in the taking of the city. As, therefore, some men were removed by death, that no wickedness might change their disposition, so these women were outraged lest prosperity should corrupt their modesty. Neither those women then, who were already puffed up by the circumstance that they were still virgins, nor those who might have been so puffed up had they not been exposed to the violence of the enemy, lost their chastity, but rather gained humility; the former were saved from pride already cherished, the latter from pride that would shortly have grown upon them.
We must further notice that some of those sufferers may have conceived that continence is a bodily good, and abides so long as the body is inviolate, and did not understand that the purity both of the body and the soul rests on the steadfastness of the will strengthened by God's grace, and cannot be forcibly taken from an unwilling person. From this error they are probably now delivered. For when they reflect how conscientiously they served God, and when they settle again to the firm persuasion that He can in nowise desert those who so serve Him, and so invoke His aid and when they consider, what they cannot doubt, how pleasing to Him is chastity, they are shut up to the conclusion that He could never have permitted these disasters to befall His saints, if by them that saintliness could be destroyed which He Himself had bestowed upon them, and delights to see in them.
The whole family of God, most high and most true, has therefore a consolation of its own—a consolation which cannot deceive, and which has in it a surer hope than the tottering and falling affairs of earth can afford. They will not refuse the discipline of this temporal life, in which they are schooled for life eternal; nor will they lament their experience of it, for the good things of earth they use as pilgrims who are not detained by them, and its ills either prove or improve them. As for those who insult over them in their trials, and when ills befall them say,
Where is your God? we may ask them where their gods are when they suffer the very calamities for the sake of avoiding which they worship their gods, or maintain they ought to be worshipped; for the family of Christ is furnished with its reply: our God is everywhere present, wholly everywhere; not confined to any place. He can be present unperceived, and be absent without moving; when He exposes us to adversities, it is either to prove our perfections or correct our imperfections; and in return for our patient endurance of the sufferings of time, He reserves for us an everlasting reward. But who are you, that we should deign to speak with you even about your own gods, much less about our God, who is
to be feared above all gods? For all the gods of the nations are idols; but the Lord made the heavens.
If the famous Scipio Nasica were now alive, who was once your pontiff, and was unanimously chosen by the senate, when, in the panic created by the Punic war, they sought for the best citizen to entertain the Phrygian goddess, he would curb this shamelessness of yours, though you would perhaps scarcely dare to look upon the countenance of such a man. For why in your calamities do you complain of Christianity, unless because you desire to enjoy your luxurious license unrestrained, and to lead an abandoned and profligate life without the interruption of any uneasiness or disaster? For certainly your desire for peace, and prosperity, and plenty is not prompted by any purpose of using these blessings honestly, that is to say, with moderation, sobriety, temperance, and piety; for your purpose rather is to run riot in an endless variety of sottish pleasures, and thus to generate from your prosperity a moral pestilence which will prove a thousandfold more disastrous than the fiercest enemies. It was such a calamity as this that Scipio, your chief pontiff, your best man in the judgment of the whole senate, feared when he refused to agree to the destruction of Carthage, Rome's rival and opposed Cato, who advised its destruction. He feared security, that enemy of weak minds, and he perceived that a wholesome fear would be a fit guardian for the citizens. And he was not mistaken; the event proved how wisely he had spoken. For when Carthage was destroyed, and the Roman republic delivered from its great cause of anxiety, a crowd of disastrous evils immediately resulted from the prosperous condition of things. First concord was weakened, and destroyed by fierce and bloody seditions; then followed, by a concatenation of baleful causes, civil wars, which brought in their train such massacres, such bloodshed, such lawless and cruel proscription and plunder, that those Romans who, in the days of their virtue, had expected injury only at the hands of their enemies, now that their virtue was lost, suffered greater cruelties at the hands of their fellow citizens. The lust of rule, which with other vices existed among the Romans in more unmitigated intensity than among any other people, after it had taken possession of the more powerful few, subdued under its yoke the rest, worn and wearied.
For at what stage would that passion rest when once it has lodged in a proud spirit, until by a succession of advances it has reached even the throne. And to obtain such advances nothing avails but unscrupulous ambition. But unscrupulous ambition has nothing to work upon, save in a nation corrupted by avarice and luxury. Moreover, a people becomes avaricious and luxurious by prosperity; and it was this which that very prudent man Nasica was endeavouring to avoid when he opposed the destruction of the greatest, strongest, wealthiest city of Rome's enemy. He thought that thus fear would act as a curb on lust, and that lust being curbed would not run riot in luxury, and that luxury being prevented avarice would be at an end; and that these vices being banished, virtue would flourish and increase the great profit of the state; and liberty, the fit companion of virtue, would abide unfettered. For similar reasons, and animated by the same considerate patriotism, that same chief pontiff of yours— I still refer to him who was adjudged Rome's best man without one dissentient voice— threw cold water on the proposal of the senate to build a circle of seats round the theatre, and in a very weighty speech warned them against allowing the luxurious manners of Greece to sap the Roman manliness, and persuaded them not to yield to the enervating and emasculating influence of foreign licentiousness. So authoritative and forcible were his words, that the senate was moved to prohibit the use even of those benches which hitherto had been customarily brought to the theatre for the temporary use of the citizens. How eagerly would such a man as this have banished from Rome the scenic exhibitions themselves, had he dared to oppose the authority of those whom he supposed to be gods! For he did not know that they were malicious devils; or if he did, he supposed they should rather be propitiated than despised. For there had not yet been revealed to the Gentiles the heavenly doctrine which should purify their hearts by faith, and transform their natural disposition by humble godliness, and turn them from the service of proud devils to seek the things that are in heaven, or even above the heavens.
Know then, you who are ignorant of this, and you who feign ignorance be reminded, while you murmur against Him who has freed you from such rulers, that the scenic games, exhibitions of shameless folly and license, were established at Rome, not by men's vicious cravings, but by the appointment of your gods. Much more pardonably might you have rendered divine honors to Scipio than to such gods as these. The gods were not so moral as their pontiff. But give me now your attention, if your mind, inebriated by its deep potations of error, can take in any sober truth. The gods enjoined that games be exhibited in their honor to stay a physical pestilence; their pontiff prohibited the theatre from being constructed, to prevent a moral pestilence. If, then, there remains in you sufficient mental enlightenment to prefer the soul to the body, choose whom you will worship. Besides, though the pestilence was stayed, this was not because the voluptuous madness of stage-plays had taken possession of a warlike people hitherto accustomed only to the games of the circus; but these astute and wicked spirits, foreseeing that in due course the pestilence would shortly cease, took occasion to infect, not the bodies, but the morals of their worshippers, with a far more serious disease. And in this pestilence these gods find great enjoyment, because it benighted the minds of men with so gross a darkness and dishonored them with so foul a deformity, that even quite recently (will posterity be able to credit it?) some of those who fled from the sack of Rome and found refuge in Carthage, were so infected with this disease, that day after day they seemed to contend with one another who should most madly run after the actors in the theatres.
Oh infatuated men, what is this blindness, or rather madness, which possesses you? How is it that while, as we hear, even the eastern nations are bewailing your ruin, and while powerful states in the most remote parts of the earth are mourning your fall as a public calamity, you yourselves should be crowding to the theatres, should be pouring into them and filling them; and, in short, be playing a madder part now than ever before? This was the foul plague-spot, this the wreck of virtue and honor that Scipio sought to preserve you from when he prohibited the construction of theatres; this was his reason for desiring that you might still have an enemy to fear, seeing as he did how easily prosperity would corrupt and destroy you. He did not consider that republic flourishing whose walls stand, but whose morals are in ruins. But the seductions of evil-minded devils had more influence with you than the precautions of prudent men. Hence the injuries you do, you will not permit to be imputed to you: but the injuries you suffer, you impute to Christianity. Depraved by good fortune, and not chastened by adversity, what you desire in the restoration of a peaceful and secure state, is not the tranquillity of the commonwealth, but the impunity of your own vicious luxury. Scipio wished you to be hard pressed by an enemy, that you might not abandon yourselves to luxurious manners; but so abandoned are you, that not even when crushed by the enemy is your luxury repressed. You have missed the profit of your calamity; you have been made most wretched, and have remained most profligate.
And that you are yet alive is due to God, who spares you that you may be admonished to repent and reform your lives. It is He who has permitted you, ungrateful as you are, to escape the sword of the enemy, by calling yourselves His servants, or by finding asylum in the sacred places of the martyrs.
It is said that Romulus and Remus, in order to increase the population of the city they founded, opened a sanctuary in which every man might find asylum and absolution of all crime—a remarkable foreshadowing of what has recently occurred in honor of Christ. The destroyers of Rome followed the example of its founders. But it was not greatly to their credit that the latter, for the sake of increasing the number of their citizens, did that which the former have done, lest the number of their enemies should be diminished.
Let these and similar answers (if any fuller and fitter answers can be found) be given to their enemies by the redeemed family of the Lord Christ, and by the pilgrim city of King Christ. But let this city bear in mind, that among her enemies lie hidden those who are destined to be fellow citizens, that she may not think it a fruitless labor to bear what they inflict as enemies until they become confessors of the faith. So, too, as long as she is a stranger in the world, the city of God has in her communion, and bound to her by the sacraments, some who shall not eternally dwell in the lot of the saints. Of these, some are not now recognized; others declare themselves, and do not hesitate to make common cause with our enemies in murmuring against God, whose sacramental badge they wear. These men you may today see thronging the churches with us, tomorrow crowding the theatres with the godless. But we have the less reason to despair of the reclamation even of such persons, if among our most declared enemies there are now some, unknown to themselves, who are destined to become our friends. In truth, these two cities are entangled together in this world, and intermixed until the last judgment effects their separation. I now proceed to speak, as God shall help me, of the rise, progress, and end of these two cities; and what I write, I write for the glory of the city of God, that, being placed in comparison with the other, it may shine with a brighter lustre.
But I have still some things to say in confutation of those who refer the disasters of the Roman republic to our religion, because it prohibits the offering of sacrifices to the gods. For this end I must recount all, or as many as may seem sufficient, of the disasters which befell that city and its subject provinces, before these sacrifices were prohibited; for all these disasters they would doubtless have attributed to us, if at that time our religion had shed its light upon them, and had prohibited their sacrifices. I must then go on to show what social well-being the true God, in whose hand are all kingdoms, vouchsafed to grant to them that their empire might increase. I must show why He did so, and how their false gods, instead of at all aiding them, greatly injured them by guile and deceit. And, lastly, I must meet those who, when on this point convinced and confuted by irrefragable proofs, endeavor to maintain that they worship the gods, not hoping for the present advantages of this life, but for those which are to be enjoyed after death. And this, if I am not mistaken, will be the most difficult part of my task, and will be worthy of the loftiest argument; for we must then enter the lists with the philosophers, not the mere common herd of philosophers, but the most renowned, who in many points agree with ourselves, as regarding the immortality of the soul, and that the true God created the world, and by His providence rules all He has created. But as they differ from us on other points, we must not shrink from the task of exposing their errors, that, having refuted the gainsaying of the wicked with such ability as God may vouchsafe, we may assert the city of God, and true piety, and the worship of God, to which alone the promise of true and everlasting felicity is attached. Here, then, let us conclude, that we may enter on these subjects in a fresh book.
Source. Translated by Marcus Dods. From Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, Vol. 2. Edited by Philip Schaff. (Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1887.) Revised and edited for New Advent by Kevin Knight. <http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/120101.htm>.
Contact information. The editor of New Advent is Kevin Knight. My email address is feedback732 at newadvent.org. (To help fight spam, this address might change occasionally.) Regrettably, I can't reply to every letter, but I greatly appreciate your feedback — especially notifications about typographical errors and inappropriate ads.
|
<urn:uuid:f5977965-07b5-45d5-8785-5dae640891f8>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/120101.htm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00539-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.983289
| 21,407
| 2.203125
| 2
|
I lived at the Abbey Art Centre in New Barnet, Hertfordshire in the late 1960s and early 70s, first in a room in the main house ('Remember, no flibbertigibbets,' Ms. Ohly, the landlady, had told me), then a succession of studios in the garden. The communal meals featured in the video had disappeared, but there was still a certain community spirit. Mike Figgis was one resident, at that time involved with the People Show group, and Lotte Reinegger, the animated film pioneer was another. The place hadn't changed much since the early fifties, and I'm pretty sure the abstract painter in the video is working in my first 'garden' studio.
If the video doesn't show up on this page, click here to view it.
"The seat of artistic delight is between the shoulder blades. That little shiver behind is quite certainly the highest form of emotion that humanity has attained when evolving pure art and pure science. Let us worship the spine and its tingle."
Here's a Matisse that does it for me (despite the cracks):
From an article in the New York Times (October 30, 2017) about the literary critic Franco Moretti and his "distant reading" - the computer-assisted crunching of thousands of texts at a time:
... even modest-seeming results — like the finding that from 1785 to 1900 the language of the British novel steadily shifted away from words relating to moral judgment to words associated with concrete description — unsettle established ideas of literary history.
Ted Underwood, a professor at the University of Illinois who also uses computational analysis, commented:
“We tend to see literary history as a story of movements, periods, sudden revolutions,” Mr. Underwood said. “There are also these really broad, slow, massive changes that we haven’t described before.”
Another way to think about the history of visual art, too.
|
<urn:uuid:faee20bf-3552-4eac-8110-ebd0086dc42a>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.rogerbarnard.com/blog/archives/11-2017
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00076.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.968045
| 427
| 2.09375
| 2
|
This paper compares rhetorical narratology to Generative Anthropology in order to point out important similarities between their underlying assumptions. It also shows how they can contribute to each other and together advance our understanding of narrative as a complex and heterogeneous genre of literature. The argument starts with situating the rhetorical approach to narrative theory in relation to other branches of narratology for the purpose of demonstrating its emphasis on the communicative character of narrative over its “content.” The communicative model of rhetorical narratology is similar in its underlying assumptions to the scene of representation in Generative Anthropology insofar as it presupposes a common cognitive environment or a shared ethical space. The paper further claims that although in practical terms, the method of reading employed by rhetorical narratologists does not need a minimal anthropological hypothesis to sharpen its interpretative focus, it would benefit from the intuitions of Generative Anthropology as an explanatory scaffolding to justify its praxis and theoretical observations. Thus Generative Anthropology’s originary hypothesis about the configuration of the scene can support two innovations by rhetorical theory: firstly, multiperspectivism engendered by narrative thinking, and, secondly, framing a rhetorical reading in terms of an oscillation between response and evaluation. In its turn, the rhetorical approach, which gives a great deal of attention to the dynamics of reader response, can prompt Generative Anthropology to contemplate whether or how individual paths to narrative closure affect meaning.
Keywords: rhetorical narratology, rhetorical approach to narrative theory, narrative multi-perspectivism, narrative intentionality, reader response, narrative progression, narrative in Generative Anthropology, scene of representation.
Nobody knows what narrative is. We define it traditionally as the form of discourse that represents a series of events, but this definition lacks important specifics that would help us make sense of narrativity as an affective, temporal, pedagogical, cognitive, performative, structural, and linguistic phenomenon. We can isolate its constitutive parts and effects, but it is very challenging to put them together as a unified concept.
Consider characters, to whom events happen. Having access to their thoughts, feelings, and desires, (a privilege we do not have with real people), we engage with the events they undergo and, as William Flesch puts it, actively will on their behalf or against them (2012, 6). Certainly, narrative’s ability to draw us into the vicarious experiencing of these events is central to its meaning-making potential. But the experiential quality of the plot also affects our understanding. It is not just “a series” of events but a specific arrangement of this series. Plots have different shapes, and these shapes influence the way we construct meaning within a created framework of expectation. Then there is setting, which has more recently received more attention under the guise of fictional world. It is hard to know what it is exactly – an imaginary referential object, a cognitive environment, a scene on which characters act? Questions that surround it are those of how it can it be delineated and how it shapes the story “contained” within it. Nebulous as the category is, it is helpful mental scaffolding, according to one view, for theorizing events: an event is a jump from one potential world to another. But on top of these ways of accounting for what is going on in the story itself, we cannot lose sight of the narrated aspect, the fact that the story does not exist as an artifact in itself but is told by a narrator to a narratee. The story and narration elements are heterogeneous to each other yet inseparable, both presupposed by narrative as a holistic concept. Even as we weave the events of our day together into a story in a constantly running, unstoppable process of what Peter Goldie, in an aptly named book The Mess Inside, calls “narrative thinking,” we also narrate this story to ourselves: we are both the narrator and narratee. But even though it is hard to pinpoint what narrative is exactly, and even while those of us in Generative Anthropology occasionally disagree with others on whether animal communication can be called language, we would all agree that only human beings tell stories.
Generative Anthropology has dealt both with the story and narration aspects of narrativity as derivations from the originary scene. In Originary Thinking and his “Originary Narrative” article, Eric Gans focuses on the story and traces what we perceive as its suspense-generating drive toward closure to the origin of signification, which gives birth to the new dimension of verticality and creates the span of deferral (“the origin of language is also … the origin of narrative”). Thus in Originary Thinking, Gans connects narrative temporality of to the emergence of the declarative sentence in the context of ritual. The declarative, according to his genealogy of the linguistic forms, came into being as a failed response to an imperative in order to express the absence of a requested object. But while in the profane, everyday context, the interlocutor is only interested in the descriptive information of where the object can be found, in the ritual context, the temporality of communication itself becomes important because the audience wants to “[maintain] the scene of ritual presence through which communal peace is preserved and reinforced … as an awaiting” (97). This state of awaiting is instantiated narratively as a series of predicates that tell the story of the “coming of the divinity,” beginning from absence to its full presence (97). The “Originary Narrative” article reformulates this in minimal terms by stating that the sign simply tells the story of its own constitution as it “translates” the horizontal gesture of appropriation into the vertical one of signification. What accounts for the temporality of the narrative form then is the pre-linguistic acquisitive movement being retrieved through the prolongation of sign toward its referent that symbolically substitutes for the object of appetite. It can be figured as a final resolution of a quest or a character’s accession to the center of significance or even the reader’s successful arrival at the meaning of the story.
In “New Thoughts on Originary Narrative,” Gans turns his attention to the narrational aspect, deriving it from the act of imitation. As he explains, “the originary analysis of storytelling conceives narration as an extension of the reciprocal exchange of the originary sign.” But even though the exchange is reciprocal, it is always prompted by someone who goes first and thus commands the group’s attention. This initiation of action is the impetus of the narrator-led and thus asymmetrical narrator-narratee dynamic. “Submission to the narrator is analogous to submission to the mimetic mediation of the first in the originary event, just as the desires we espouse under the narrator’s influence are analogous to the desire aroused by the originary central object.” In mediating the group’s mimetic desires, the narrator undertakes the deferral of the mimetic conflict. In other words, the aesthetic prolongation of the sign is contextualized by the ethical dimension of narrative. The aesthetic effects of the story are inseparable from the ethics of narrative communication.
In my own GA take on narrative, I focus on the interaction of the narrator and narratee on the scene of representation incorporating some important insights of narrative theory on the structure and dynamics of narrative communication. In the current article, I want to return to the topic of narrative communication from the dual perspectives of GA, on the one hand, and a particular branch of narrative theory called the rhetorical approach, on the other. Recent and relatively recent developments in this area show interesting similarities and convergences between rhetorical narratology and GA’s model of narrativity. My goal is to explore these similarities with the view toward situating relevant narratological concepts in the more minimal and explanatory context of GA, but also bringing more nuanced narratological forms of analysis to bear on the GA’s rather large-grained theoretical apparatus. Toward the end, I will consider the meaning of narrative temporality in light of both approaches.
Without trying to be comprehensive or historically and terminologically precise, I will give a brief background of how rhetorical narratology came to be and situate it among some other approaches. Until relatively recently, the study of narrative did not make the communicative aspect of narrative, that is to say, the fact that stories are told by story-tellers to their audiences, the centerpiece of its analytical pursuit. In trying to understand what narrative is, it focused on the story itself as the object of the study and dealt with the narrativity aspect as a secondary phenomenon. Older, structuralism-inspired approaches to narrative theory mainly concerned themselves with the structure of the plot, the phenomenology of time, and the question of interpretation. For brevity’s sake, I am bracketing a parallel line of inquiry into the reader’s response to narrative, comprising investigations into the nature of suspense or identification with literary characters, which cut across these divisions but will return to it when I discuss rhetorical narratology. To resume then, the first of these research angles focuses on narrative elements, classifying narrative as a synchronous artifact, a narrative langue, and to this effect, systematizing plot types and articulating the grammar of narratives. The “building block” of a plot, according to this view, is a narrative event: a narrative is commonly understood as a succession of events. But event itself is notoriously hard to pin down. The usual definition, that of “an event is a change of state” type, does not bear close scrutiny. Would any trivial action by a character, such as getting up from a chair or walking toward the door, be counted as a change of state? In response to this criticism, some narratologists clarify that this must be a significant change of state, prompting the question of how to determine significance, a difficult question, which has not been answered satisfactorily.
The second line of questioning is motivated by a desire to capture the temporal nature of narrative as a cognitive phenomenon, drawing a distinction between the story as a chronological sequence of events and discourse, the order in which the events are actually narrated (which rarely follows strict chronology). Story in its chronological sense (also called fabula in Russian Formalism), is an atemporal object, a plotting of points along a time axis, that we can perceive at a glance. Narrative discourse (correspondingly, syuzhet), on the other hand, unfolds in time and mobilizes our faculties of anticipation and remembering. Fabula is commonly seen as ontologically prior to discourse insofar as fictional events, invented as they may be, “really” do happen in a given order in the fictional universe of a literary work). But in another view, less indebted to structuralism, the chronological sequence is a post-construction that comes into existence as a result of syuzhet-processing.
Yet another distinct emphasis of narrative theory has been on the narrated aspect rather than the story as the content or object of narration. Stories (even in non-literary media) are told from a narrative perspective or point of view, which guides us in our interpretation of what has happened. Concepts such as narrator and focalizer foreground what is being told vs. what is being seen, with both reflecting the two connotations of perspective (or point of view), the mental and the visual, respectively. This is when/why interpretation comes into play: we do not have direct access to the fictional world with its fictional “facts”; our knowledge is skewed and limited because we are getting a filtered version. The accuracy of our interpretation, in other words, is always at risk, which is known as the problem of an unreliable narrator.
But interpretative concerns encompass not only the classical problem of unreliability but also more recent, post-classical interrogations of ideology and narrative authority (“post-classical” is the label for the late post-modern and post-millennial developments in narrative theory). In other words, we may trust the narrator’s reporting but mistrust the overall perspective of the text which we may perceive as biased, uncongenial, intellectually unsound, or originating from a suspect source. This broader interrogation of perspective and interpretation receives a more nuanced treatment in the model of narrative frames, which re-conceptualizes the narrator and narratee. Previously, they were seen as regular elements of narrative among other elements, but now they are “elevated” as a cognitive bracket to form a narrative frame around the story. To put it another way, a story is not a self-sufficient artifact: it is a “missive” enclosed in a communicative “envelope” that designates the sender and receiver. The expanded version of this model conceives of a series of embedded envelopes or frames. The frames on the levels closest to the story are those reflecting the communication between the narrator and narratee. There could be more than one because we may be reading a story within a story, and so on… It is sometimes debated whether the narrator-narratee frame should always be presumed or imposed, given that an explicit narrative voice is often missing, and we hardly ever hear explicit invocations of a narratee of the “Reader, I married him” variety in contemporary novels. But those who argue that this layer is indispensable justify it by pointing out that an implicit narrative voice is inherent in the genre itself with its origin in oral tradition. Around this envelope, we find the one of the implied author vs the implied reader. The former could be seen either as a construct by the reader or, alternatively, the construct of the text, an index of its “designedness.” The implied reader is what the reader construes as the implied author’s intended audience. And finally, the outer envelope addresses the communication between the real author and real audience, which might become relevant in some cases of biographical criticism, textual ambiguities, or perceived ideological discrepancies between what the narrative suggests and our knowledge of the real author’s opinions.
On this view, while unreliable narrators might have opinions we are not meant to endorse, the ultimate ethical ground of the text lies in the ideology we can ascribe to the implied author, deducing it from the gaps between what the narrator says and what the text suggests. Consequently, we may accept or reject the author’s position. This is what is referred to as the ethics of narration. Another important distinction that should be made is one between the functions of the narrator-narratee vs. implied author-implied reader frames. The former is the function of communication, which both transmits the story and controls its rhetorical effects; the latter is the function of fictionality expressive of a fictional narrative’s status as an invention. The following example could make this clear. Imagine that a friend, who is a talented story-teller, is telling you about something that happened in her work. Through her use of vivid language, gestures, and facial expressions, she can make her narration very engaging. She could also arrange the order of what is revealed in a very skillful way so as to entrap you in suspense and spring on you a surprising revelation. She might even be very explicit in her evaluation of the related events, with which you may or may not agree. But you would not be looking for themes or symbols in her story because these, among some other aspects of narrativity, belong not to communication but to fictionality, the quality of being invented, i.e. intentional design.
All of these perspectives struggle in different ways to resolve the problem of narrative hybridity, the fact that narrative is both an object for cognition and a performative phenomenon. And in its heterogeneity, it is also subject to dual temporality: the temporality of the told (a story, which “represents” time) and that of telling (narrating that story “in” time). As a result, each approach runs into some kind of impasse and pivots around a point of undecidibility or contradiction. Take the structuralist approach, which treats narrative as representation. While regular grammars work with well-defined objects, narrative grammars are based on (significant) events, which, as already mentioned, are difficult to identify and distinguish from trivial (non-)events. The crux of the problem is that significance depends on the framework of expectation that is being created in the course of narration. In other words, a structural analysis depends on a variable that belongs to narrative’s performative dimension. The same problem occurs within the fabula vs. syuzhet problematic. While fabula is a structural representation that visually plots the events of the chronology on the axis of time and can thus be grasped at a glance, syuzhet, again, is contextual and performative. The primacy of one vs. the other is ultimately undecidable since the two plot-related concepts belong to two incommensurate “ontologies” of narrativity. The same is true for the theorization of narrative perspective, which is also motivated by the incompatibility between the cognitive and performative dimensions of narrativity. The notion of perspective arises out of trying to “cognitivize” multiple instances of communication – dialogues between characters, narrators situated on different levels of embedded narration, as well as the position of the implied author. But bringing the discourse of narrators and focalizers into the structural analysis of story elements creates an unnatural yoking: the two do not belong within the same conceptual realm.
It is here where rhetorical narratology enters. I do not know whether rhetorical narratologists would agree with me–and there are, no doubt, different ways to derive the genealogy of the rhetorical approach from other concerns–but I connect the emergence of this model with a search for a new perspective that would resolve the uneasy balancing act of accounting for narrative heterogeneity, as outlined above. The rhetorical approach brackets the story as representation and an object of cognition and privileges the narrative process. James Phelan and Peter Rabinowitz define narrative as communication, namely: “Narrative is somebody telling somebody else, on some occasion, and for some purposes, that something happened to someone or something” (2012, 3). According to this definition, it is the act and context of communication that are foregrounded, with the story being blurred as “something [that] happened.” Stressing that it’s not the story as a static artifact that is the object of inquiry, Phelan elsewhere states that “narrative is itself an event–more specifically, a multidimensional, purposive communication from a teller to an audience” (2017, 5). Consequently, he subsumes all perspectival distinctions, such as those between focalizing characters, narrative frames, the implied and real authors under “multidimensionality.” Instead of specifying and juxtaposing different levels and sources of perspective, the rhetorical approach “identifies a feedback loop among authorial agency textual phenomena . . . , and reader response” (2012, 5). In other words, all communication takes place between the author and reader and not between imaginary agencies: “texts are designed by authors to affect readers in particular ways” (2017, 6).
Phelan’s theory of the reader takes an innovative approach. Instead of postulating different kinds of abstract and concrete readers, both as things-in-themselves and as conceived by the author, he envisions all of these positions being occupied at the same time by real readers. For fictional texts, he identifies four distinct positions. The first one is the actual audience, real people reading the book in their own historical time. The second is the authorial audience, the people that the author has in mind because they are “the group that shares the knowledge, values, prejudices, fears, and experiences that the author expected in his or her readers” (2017, 7). The third type of audience is the audience addressed by the narrator, that is, the narratee. And the final group is the narrative audience, “an observer position within the storyworld. As observers, the members of the narrative audience regard the characters and events as real rather than invented” (2017, 7). The last two classes might appear similar, but Phelan and Rabinowitz clarify the difference, explaining that while “The narrative audience is a role that the actual reader takes on while reading; the narratee, in contrast, is a character position in the text, one that the narrative audience in a sense observes” (2012, 7). They use an example of the frame narrative in Frankenstein to illustrate the difference: “we do not pretend to be Mrs Saville, to whom Captain Walton is addressing his letters; rather we pretend to be a narrative audience that views her as a real person and that, in a sense, reads over her shoulder” (2012 7).
What seems especially promising and original in this approach is the above theoretical move of postulating the reader’s multi-perspectivism. Of the four audiences, only the actual reader and the narratee within the text are determinate; the other two are ideations that an actual reader will or may adopt. Real readers are free to inhabit the authorial position if they find it congenial; but they may also choose to reject it if they see the author’s worldview as hostile or incompatible with their own. In the case of joining the authorial audience, real readers become what Phelan calls rhetorical readers, those who now possess “the double consciousness that allows [them] to experience the events as real and to retain the tacit knowledge that they are invented” (2017, 8). Once they have joined the authorial audience, they must, by default, join the narrative audience, as well. But even here, they are in a double position because they are free to either take the narrative account as authoritative or disbelieve it as naive, ignorant, or ethically problematic. In this way, Phelan’s (and Rabinowitz’s) rhetorical approach can incorporate the communicational frames model but without a strict separation between perspectival levels and positions. All perspectives exist within the purview of the reader, who could inhabit them simultaneously, or jump between them in the course of reading, as Phelan shows through multiple examples in Somebody Telling Somebody Else.
Perspectival instability emphasizes another important point that the rhetorical approach makes. The author-audience interaction forms a dynamic progression of the reader’s journey along the cognitive, affective, ethical, and aesthetic axes of responses. All of these levels of responses can be hypothetically activated in concert, creating a polyphony of reading experiences. These reading progressions are brought together with the textual dynamic, what we normally think as the unfolding of the story, but can often “trump . . . the logic of event sequence or of telling situations” (2017, 4). The reading-dynamic progression is central to rhetorical narrative analysis, which conceives of reading as a two-step process: “rhetorical readers . . . [are invited to] evaluate [their] experiences. . . . Indeed, rhetorical readers do not complete their acts of reading until they take this second step” (2017, 8).
While Phelan and Rabinowitz subordinate the story to communication in their analysis, Richard Walsh’s take on the rhetorical approach is even more radical. Situating his model in the pragmatics of communication, Walsh appeals to the relevance theory of Dan Sperber and Dierdre Wilson to argue that communication does not need to be referentially grounded to be relevant. Relevance theory is itself rooted in the model of conversational implicature by H.P. Grice, according to whom relevance attaches itself to the overall context of communication constructed through inferences or implicatures. In other words, speech acts “fulfil the appropriateness conditions of relevance . . . not by being informative, but by being exhibitative–by being tellable” (2007, 21). Sperber and Wilson, as quoted in Walsh, articulate this as a communicative intention, an intention to “inform . . . of one’s informative intention” or to “manifest an intention to make something manifest” (2007, 24). The informative content itself (explicature) cannot be isolated from the implicatures inherent in the act of communication. It is the chain of implicatures or inferences that maintains the context of relevance. From the perspective of GA, it is interesting that Sperber and Wilson refer to the behavior that manifests an intention to manifest as “ostension” or “ostensive behaviour,” formulating their principle of relevance in the following way: “Every act of ostensive communication communicates the presumption of its own optimal relevance” (qtd. In 2007, 25).
In applying these insights to fiction, Walsh takes issue with some conventional views of fictionality. Thus he criticizes a common enough view of a fictional story as a speech act that has a fictional referent, something like a fictional world, objecting that this “desire to treat fictions as ontological wholes, as worlds, transforms the communicative process of inference from the implicatures of an utterance into a quite different process of ontological extrapolation” (2018(a), 3). He also argues with another wide-spread misconception (according to him), namely that fiction is a pretense or make-believe speech. Not so, he says, fictionality is a mode of a serious, non-referential, speech act that is simply light on information, or “indirectly rather than directly informative” (2018(a), 11). “The distinguishing feature of fictionality,” he claims, “is not its relation to falsehood, then, but its independence from directly informative kinds of relevance” (2018(a), 2). Instead, “the direct informative relevance of the narrative instance is superseded by the second-order relevance it affords when considered as such a narrative instance” (2918(a), 13). This second-order relevance refers to filling in the reader’s expectations with contextual inferences in the direction of the overall increase of relevance. In this light, “narrative closure figures less as the resolution of plot in itself . . . than as the resolution of the evaluations of relevance,” such that “The narrative force of fiction depends upon assumptions carried forward, enriched, modified, reappraised, overturned in the process of reading” (2007, 30-31). The narrative pressure that is built up by the pursuit of relevance carries the rhetorical force of cumulative aesthetic and cognitive effects. Walsh thus sees fictionality as a rhetorical resource attaching itself to the communicative act itself rather than its fictional referent; in other words, a feature of the communicative act rather than its product. What the rhetoric of fictionality aims at is a kind of “re-orientation of communicative attention . . . in the shared cognitive environment between communicator and audience” (2018(a), 10).
For the sake of comparing the rhetorical approach to the GA theory of narrative, I will treat both Phelan’s and Walsh’s models as consistent with each other, and so will be talking about one rhetorical model even though there are differences between the two with respect to the contingency of referentiality. But for my purposes, they both present a novel and productive way of looking at narratives that shares important assumptions about the nature of communication and communication’s role in narrative discourse. Walsh’s conceptualization of narrative discourse apparatus is especially close to that of GA. It is easy to draw parallels between his re-orientation of the speaker and audience’s attention to a communicative intention in the common cognitive environment, on the one hand, and the sign users’ joint attention to the signifying center on the scene of representation, on the other. But Phelan’s approach too constitutes a radical departure from the tradition of making the story the main object of study. By conflating various positionalities and subsuming them under just two categories, those of the author and the audience, he loosens the rigidly stratified narrative communication model, which, despite its recognition of the communicative aspect, ends up putting the emphasis on the story, as well, because it directs attention to it by representing it as a framed object. By turning away from the literalist reading of the story or fictional world as referential objects, the rhetorical model transfers attention to the scenic aspect of discourse and the symbolic status of the central object.
From my disciplinary perspective, I interpret the emergence of rhetorical narratology as a harmonizing development that brings narrative theory and GA on a path of consilience. With its prioritizing of the communicative act over the representational object (Walsh 2018(a), 12), the rhetorical approach shows sensitivity to the performative dimension of narrative interaction underlain by something like a GA scene. It is more explicit in Walsh’s postulation of a shared cognitive environment. But it can also be inferred from Phelan’s description of the shared ethics of reading: “The ethics is based on reciprocity and trust: the author and the audience assume that narrative communication is a shared enterprise, albeit one in which the author takes the lead” (2017, 22)). The idea of shared enterprise strikes me as implicitly scenic: the author and the reader are mutually aware of their common goal, but with the author being in the privileged position of firstness.
But can we take this observation about compatibility further? Can GA fill some gaps in rhetorical narratology, and the other way around? In considering this question, I will, from this point on, refer only to Phelan’s Somebody Telling Somebody Else, to limit my discussion to one particular work, which is convenient for my purposes because of its succinct model of a feedback loop between the authorial agency, textual phenomena, and reader response that is worked out for a great variety of rhetorical situations. One can start by saying that it is difficult to imagine ways in which Phelan’s compelling and nuanced close readings could be improved. This, in a sense, serves as “the proof of the pudding” with regard to the question of whether rhetorical narratology “needs” GA’s intervention. It seems to have all the necessary analytical tools to generate a rhetorical reading, which, according to Phelan, enriches and expands the reader’s engagement with the cognitive, affective, ethical, and aesthetic dimensions of a literary work (2017, 9). These rhetorical registers are themselves produced as responses to the three types of readerly interests, namely, mimetic (“tied to the rhetorical readers’ participation in the narrative audience” and “evolving judgments and emotions, their desires, hopes, expectations, satisfactions, and disappointments”), thematic (“interest in the ideational function of the characters and in the cultural, ideological, philosophical, or ethical issues being addressed by the narrative”), and synthetic (“interest and attention to the characters and larger narrative as artificial constructs”) (10). Deploying these conceptual distinctions, Somebody Telling Somebody Else generates surprising and helpful insights into the workings of various rhetorical resources, showing, for example, how some types of narrative unreliability can, paradoxically, engender trust as a reader’s response.
Where GA can intervene is in providing a more minimal explanatory model for the rhetorical effects Phelan is uncovering. There are three important claims that Somebody Telling Somebody Else makes that especially interest me and that I would like to re-articulate using GA’s conceptual apparatus. The first one has to do with his theory’s flexible use of positionality. For example, the real reader, as already mentioned, may choose to occupy the position of the authorial reader, that is the reader that the author is addressing, and as the authorial reader, he will also occupy the position of the narrative audience. In his turn, the author “relies (consciously or intuitively) on the authorial audience’s unfolding responses to the narrative progression as he or she constructs new parts of the text” (32). In other words, the reader inhabits the position of the author as he conceives his reader, while the author can also occupy the position of the reader. This reciprocal “mind reading” can, for example, produce what Phelan calls the crossover effect: “readerly dynamics–rhetorical readers’ unfolding responses to the progression–cross over into the textual dynamics and lend a logic to the events that is more powerful than the logic of external probability” (2017, 53). While Phelan calls this “empathic” ability to experience the other’s position “double consciousness,” in following his own analysis, we can ascertain that it is more than double. Thus the reader, other than being himself, can occupy the authorial reader’s position and become a member of the narrative audience, at the same time, while also inhabiting the consciousness of one or more characters. All of these positions are associated with different degrees of understanding: a character can be in the dark or know more than the narratee; the narratee may disbelieve the narrative; the authorial reader may agree with the author’s moral position while the real reader may reject it and still be able to entertain it on the contingent basis of stepping into the authorial reader’s shoes. This multiperspectivism is a distinguishing feature of narrative consciousness, usually talked about in connection to our relationship to characters as the phenomenon of identification. Rhetorical narratology takes a broader view and ascribes this proliferation of perspectives to a system of intentionality–a “larger system of thought” that governs narrative’s “purposive design” (203). Instead of imputing individual perspectives and intentions to individual agents, the book locates intention in the authorial agency of the feedback loop between it, the textual phenomena, and reader response: “the intentionality of [the authorial] agency . . . is accessible through textual phenomena and . . . testable against reader response” (2017, 203). Put another way, our amazing competence in jumping between perspectives while keeping in mind different perspectives we are simultaneously embodying is contained in the understanding of narrative as something that someone tells someone else on some occasion and with some purpose.
While the nature of identification and perspectivism has been disputed, and the notion of intentionality has been controversial in literary analysis until relatively recently (reclaimed by theories such as rhetorical narratology, which recognized that we attribute intentionality to acts of communication), Generative Anthropology has accounted for these phenomena by deriving them from the origin of symbolic representation. Our ability to align ourselves with and ascribe intentionality to multiple agencies can be connected to our paradoxical double position on two scenes, at the same time, the communal scene with the shared center of symbolic significance and the individual scene on which each participant imagines acceding to the object individually. On this individual scene, as Gans explains in “The Paradox of Desire and Art,” “desire ‘feeds on itself,’ deferral making the object of appetite significant/sacred within the individual’s own scene of representation. The intentionality this gives rise to in the individual, unlike the expression of significance through the sign, makes him aware of his independence from the community.” I would also add that intentionality makes itself manifest on the private scene of representation, which gives rein to the acquisitive desire. Within his private space of imagination, the participant wants to be alone to possess the appetitive object, and, at the same time, also wants to know what others intend to do about it: will they abstain from the object or do they plan to deceive others who defer appropriation by breaking the agreement of the collective scene (and thus going for the object illegitimately). Intentionality is a feature of language and symbolic representation that has its genesis in the origin of the sign: our scenic consciousness always wants to know what others think and intend, and this is something that is thematized by the narrative form.
Multiperspectivism, as categorized and exemplified by Phelan, follows from our interest to ascertain the others’ intentions by aligning with their points of view. The proliferation of positionalities on different levels is enabled by the generativity of the scene and our ability to occupy different scenes at the same time. Just as we can align ourselves with characters, being engaged, say, in dialogue with other characters on the imaginary scene of the fictional world, and perceive the conversation from their perspective, we can also distance ourselves from the story and characters’ interests and join the narrative audience addressed by the narrator on the scene where the narration is taking place. While the two scenes are distinct, they both belong to the imaginary scene. At the same time, the reader understands that the communication on the imaginary scene is initiated by the author on the real/communal scene of authorial communication that we attribute to the fictional aspect of narrative. On the level of authorial communication, however, we read for symbolic rewards such as thematic meaning or stylistic flourish instead of more vicariously appetitive rewards of a satisfactory plot closure. To sum up, Generative Anthropology provides a theoretical foundation for the feedback-loop model and even a justification for viewing rhetorical narratology as a theoretical advancement in the study of narrative for the reason that its insight into communication as a larger system of [narrative] thought is more anthropologically astute than those of the earlier theories.
Phelan’s other bridge to GA comes at the end of his book, where he considers the value and larger significance of his approach. What is the motivation behind this type of analysis, he is asking. Since the communication between the storyteller and audience is the main focus of this approach, we would need to answer this question from both ends. “The motivation for the somebody who tells is not far to seek: to come to terms with some aspect of human experience; to communicate ideas, attitudes, values, and convictions to anyone who will listen; to create something of lasting beauty” (2017, 258). As for the opposite perspective, “The goal of rhetorical poetics,” he says, “is to help individual readers to perform [the] two-step process as skillfully as possible” (2017, 258). This two-step process was already mentioned; namely, to engage with the affective, cognitive, ethical, and aesthetic dimensions of narrative experience, followed by the step of evaluating this experience. Engaging with these experiences would involve “giving oneself over to mimetic, thematic, and synthetic components of the teller’s communication” (2017, 258-259). And then the second step, to evaluate, means to assess the truth or trustworthiness or moral soundness of what the author communicates. In this step, the readers would ask themselves whether they trust the report by a character or the narrator, and if they trust the facts, whether they trust their evaluations of the facts, but ultimately, whether they trust the author’s values, judgments, worldview, and ideology (thus “assessing the teller’s mind, emotions, values, and sense of quality” 2017, 259)).
In couching this second step in the language of GA, we might say that the readers are asking themselves whether they would join the scene where they have been invited. As already mentioned, in “New Thoughts on Originary Narrative,” Gans points out that narrative communication is mediated by mimetic desire, expressed as the firstness of the narrator: “the first user of the sign must persuade his fellows that his gesture is no longer an act of appropriation but a sign, or in other words, that his relationship to the central object of desire is the newly invented/discovered relationship of signification.” It would not be far-fetched to equate the first step, that of giving oneself over to narrative experience, to the mimetic mechanism of succumbing to the pull of attraction exerted by the narrator as the model of imitation, the persuasive attraction of the first. But the second step is a move away from being seduced, an awakening, perhaps, to one’s state of being in thrall to mimetic desire. It will have to come second because one must already have succumbed to being successfully interpellated by the narrator before one can even question whether to stay on this scene. But there is no definitive reason to stop there. One can go back and forth between being swayed by the rhetoric of persuasion and rejecting it. The dynamic of this oscillation is structurally similar to that of the oscillation between the communal scene mediated by the sign and the private scene of desirous imagination. In this sense, GA can provide an explanatory model of why the “rhetorical readers do not complete their acts of reading until they take this second step.”
But what about the author, what about the motivation of the first? Phelan provides a psychological explanation of what drives the author to tell his story, as quoted above, namely, to share human experience and communicate ideas “to anyone who will listen.” The formulation is similar to Peter Brooks’s description (of the producer’s side) of narrative desire, which is not only a desire to hear a story and the desire to tell it. In his analysis of Balzac’s La Peau de chagrin, he close-reads the scene in which the protagonist, Raphaël, is telling his story to an interlocutor who has fallen asleep. According to Brooks,
That Raphaël should be thus talking to the air makes more starkly clear the absolutism of the desire from which narrative as narrating is born: it is in essence the desire to be heard, recognized, understood, which, never wholly satisfied or indeed satisfiable, continues to generate the desire to tell, the effort to enunciate a significant version of the life story in order to captivate a possible listener. (54)
As we see, he words this desire to be a narrator in similar psychological terms as a desire to share, explain, and communicate. He also adds the motivation of reciprocity by using words such as “recognized” and “understood.” Yet in the very next paragraph and throughout the chapter, he talks about narrative desire in terms of being a “motor,” which is, in a way, the opposite figure to that of motivation.
This is indicative of some existing tension in our understanding of communication, an oscillation between its voluntaristic and mechanistic aspects. Are we forced by the charismatic narrator and suspense to listen to the end of the story in our expectation of closure or do we freely choose to “give ourselves over” to the thematic, mimetic, and synthetic interests? Do we consciously internalize our purpose in communicating to someone that something has happened to us on some occasion, or are we blindly compelled to tell our story “to the air” because we are driven, zombie-like, by a narrative engine? To find some theoretical grounding for the narrator’s desire in mimetic theory we may invoke Girard’s observation that the person who is imitated starts to imitate his own imitator: “This person who is a mediator without realizing it may himself be incapable of spontaneous desire. Thus he will be tempted to copy his own desire” (1966, 99). But in this case, we would be saying that the narrator’s desire awakens after he becomes the narrator and gains his following of the narratees. Gans’s concept of the producer’s desire might be a better candidate as when he writes in The End of Cuilture “All desire is desire for significance. Producer’s desire aims at its unique possession and, in its most radical sense, can never be fulfilled” (160). Indeed, in the symbolic economy of language, jockeying for becoming a narrator is a bid for significance under its guise of the cultural centrality of firstness, which is the simultaneous expression of the creative desire to produce. Phelan makes a similar observation when he says that what the narrator wants is to “create something of lasting beauty.” Another hypothesis is advanced by me in my 2019 presentation at the Narrative conference, where I speculate that the narrator and narratee are entangled as a “system,” and as such, we cannot meaningfully disentangle consciously-willed action and a drive-like behavior of compulsion. “This [entangled interdependence] serves as the basis of what I see as the narrator-narratee “system,” whereby the narratee and narrator exist inseparably from each other in the performative moment of now. That’s what being on the scene means: a performative situation is both coercive and ethical, ensnaring its participants into engaging with each other, bringing them together as a collective agency, so that the passive-active narratee can be seen as the initiator who elicits the story from the active-passive narrator.” Whatever the case may be, the anthropological foundation of the narrator’s desire needs to be thought of more, in my estimation.
Finally, what I find interesting is Phelan’s final reflections on the “why?” question. Why engage in the rhetorical analysis of narratives? What is the pragmatic significance of this practice? What new knowledge is produced? Are there some lasting values that are discovered or reinforced? Phelan’s answer is that looking at stories through the lens of the rhetorical approach has a direct effect on how we live our lives. He writes that
rhetorical poetics wants to break down the border between reading and living. It believes that reading narrative, whether fictional or nonfictional . . . functions as a rich and rewarding way of living life. To be sure, reading narrative does not by itself constitute a full life, but it is a valuable way to spend time that can greatly enhance other ways of spending it. Thus, the better rhetorical readers we can become, the better lives we can lead. Consequently, the ultimate purpose of rhetorical poetics is to contribute to human flourishing. (258-9)
In thus reclaiming this long-unfashionable humanist belief in the beneficial influence that art can have on life, the rhetorical approach to narratology affirms its emphasis on ethics as the cornerstone of human communication. The ethical aspect is certainly harder to isolate and theorize when the main focus of analysis is on the structural elements of the story itself, not on its communicative aspect. The interest in the ethics of communication is also something that rhetorical narratology shares with Generative Anthropology, which postulates the human scene as the source of ethical consciousness.
In the bulk of my analysis so far, I have tried to find common ground between the rhetorical approach to narratology and Generative Anthropology. In addition, I tried to situate elements of rhetorical analysis anthropologically with the help GA’s conceptual apparatus. In my conclusion, I will turn in the other direction and use some insights by rhetorical narratology to uncover possible gaps in GA’s approach to narrative that need to be filled in. I started out by saying that narrative is an odd and conceptually discordant aesthetic form consisting of several heterogeneous aspects, such as story, perspective, and temporality that are difficult to integrate into a coherent object for cognition. In describing the analytical method of rhetorical narratology, I focused on perspectival and communicative aspect and not so much on temporality, which is itself a complex, hard to grasp phenomenon, encompassing the incompatible aspects of the temporality of telling and that of the told. In privileging the communicative dimension, the rhetorical approach does not delve very deeply into the nature of narrative temporality except in its consideration of progression or narrative sequence. Progression is a question taken up by rhetorical theorists as a substitute for the earlier emphasis on the story. Thus Walsh writes that “Narrative is the semiotic articulation of linear temporal sequence” (2018(b), 12). Early in Somebody Telling Somebody Else, Phelan explains that “the progression of a narrative [is a] synthesis of textual and readerly dynamics. Textual dynamics are the internal processes by which narratives move from beginning through middle to ending, and readerly dynamics are then corresponding cognitive, affective, ethical, and aesthetic responses of the audience to those textual dynamics” (2017, 9). The rest of the text demonstrates the above statement by analyzing various types of narrative progression through tracing the unfolding of readerly dynamics with masterful detail. What these analytical instances make abundantly clear is that meaning is a journey, not the correct and final determination of some semantic value. One needs to travel through the crooks and bends of aesthetic and affective responses, be misled by false clues, surprised by late revelations, diverted by misevaluations, become attracted or repelled by characters and narrators, switch allegiances, undergo the vagaries of plot peripeteia, and so on, before one completes the two-step rhetorical process and arrives at the destination of, say, understanding a work of literature thematically. When a theme is defined as an idea, something important is lost. This point is eloquently made by Tolstoy, for example. When he was asked about the meaning of his novel Anna Karenina, he responded that his work was trying to express the “family idea.” At the same time, in his famous letter to N.N. Strahov on the same topic, he writes: “If I wanted to express in words what I meant by my novel, I would have to write the novel–the same one I have written–from the beginning. And if critics feel they now understand it and can summarize it in a feuilleton then I congratulate them and can confidently assure them that qu’ils savent plus long que moi.”
Generative Anthropology does address the important question of narrative temporality by connecting it to the memory of the temporally extended appropriative gesture and the early form of the ritual scene. In Originary Thinking Gans opposes the atemporal nature of the declarative form to the temporality of narrativity. While “The narrative element is provided by the presignifying temporality of the gesture, that is, by what has been abolished by its conversion into a sign,” while “The textual is the moment that contemplates this abolition of protective temporality as the source of the meaning of the sign” (105). On the profane scene, as already discussed, “the relative insignificance of the object” makes the temporality of the declarative insignificant: “We are not interested in hearing a story about the object’s absence” (97). But narrative retains the character of the ritual scene with its divine presence and strives to maintain this scene through which “communal peace is preserved and reinforced” (97). Gans reiterates this point in “New Thoughts on Originary Narrative,” where he says that narrative, which transforms the pre-linguistic temporality of the acquisitive gesture into the symbolic temporality of deferral, has an important ethical function. “The substitution of the sign’s formal temporality for that of worldly appropriation confirms the deferral of appetitive action and of the concomitant risk of mimetic violence.” Put another way, the temporality of deferral plays an important role in preserving and prolonging the scene and thus conferring on its participants a sense of safety. The re-temporalization of the sign in narrative has the effect of reenacting or revivifying the memory of the originary scene–an experience that we enjoy in its duration and want to see protracted. And it should not be overlooked that the very oscillating character of the scene, that is to say, the “oscillating attention of the peripheral participants between the reciprocally exchanged sign and its sacred central referent,” is a fundamentally temporal experience. That is so because the perception of alternation is predicated on a higher level of attention, no longer one of semiotic thirdness but a kind of “fourthness,” a metaperspective that can register periodic phenomena as the accrual of pulses along the fourth dimension, that of time.
But even though GA has a theory of temporality (in Originary Thinking, Gans even says “The originary sign, and by extension every sign, is only meaningful in the context of a temporal project” (105)), it does not explain how meaning is created by the “itinerary” of the journey we take toward narrative closure, commenting only on the “interlocutor’s awaiting the closure of the sign,” the fact of duration itself. Of course, it is entirely possible that the affective, cognitive, ethical, and aesthetic experiences we undergo are “epiphenomenal” to the semantic meaning formed by words and sentences. Perhaps they are merely physiological side-effects of the atemporal semiotic process that are irrelevant to its functioning. In this case, there is nothing intelligible we can say about them. I do think, however, that the reader response journey matters, not least because it mirrors and amplifies our interest in the dramatic structure of the plot and its typologies, which has been the central focus of narrative theory from the very beginning. And if so, the dynamic character of meaning remains an important question for GA to investigate.
Brooks, Peter. Reading for the Plot: Design and Intention in Narrative. Harvard University Press, 1984.
Flesch, William. Comeuppance: Costly Signalling, Altruistic Punishment, and Other Biological Components of Fiction. Harvard University Press, 2007.
Flesch, William. “Narrative and Noncausal Bargaining.” NOVEL: A Forum on Fiction 45, no. 1: 6-9, 2012.
Gans, Eric. “New Thoughts on Originary Narrative.” Chronicles of Love and Resentment. No. 346, (26 May 2007). http://anthropoetics.ucla.edu/views/vw346/ . Accessed 20 Oct. 2020.
Gans, Eric. “The Paradox of Desire and Art.” Chronicles of Love and Resentment. No. 670, (22 August 2020). http://anthropoetics.ucla.edu/views/vw670/ . Accessed 20 Oct. 2020.
Gans, Eric. The End of Culture: Toward a Generative Anthropology. University of California Press, 1985.
Gans, Eric. “Originary Narrative.” Anthropoetics. III.2 (Fall 1997 / Winter 1998). http://anthropoetics.ucla.edu/ap0302/narrative/. Accessed 14 September 2019.
Gans, Eric. Originary Thinking: Elements of Generative Anthropology. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1993.
Girard, René. Deceit, Desire, and the Novel. The Johns Hopkins UP, 1966.
Goldie, Peter. The Mess Inside: Narrative, Emotion, and the Mind. Oxford University Press, 2012.
Herman, David, James Phelan, et al. Narrative Theory: Core Concepts and Critical Debates. The Ohio State UP, 2012.
Ludwigs, Marina. “Cringing and Other Desacralizing Affects of Post-Millennial Aesthetics.” Anthropoetics. XXIV.1 (Fall 2018). http://anthropoetics.ucla.edu/ap2401/2401ludwigs/. Accessed 20 Oct, 2020.
Ludwigs, Marina. “From de Man to Gans; the Return of the Referent.” Anthropoetics. XXIII.2 (Spring 2018). http://anthropoetics.ucla.edu/ap2302/de-man-gans-return-referent/. Accessed 20 Oct, 2020.
Ludwigs, Marina. “Narrative Desire vs The Narrator’s Desire: The Performative Dynamics of Narrative Consciousness on the ‘Scene’ of Representation.” International Conference on Narrative, the University of Navarra, Spain, May 30-31 and June 1, 2019.
Phelan, James. Somebody Telling Somebody Else: A Rhetorical Poetics of Narrative. The Ohio State UP, 2017.
Ryan, Marie Laure, Kenneth Foote, Maoz Azaryahu. Narrating Space / Spatializing Narrative: Where Narrative Theory and Geography Meet. Ohio State UP, 2016.
Ryan, Marie-Laure. “From Parallel Universes to Possible Worlds Ontological Pluralism in Physics, Narratology, and Narrative.” Poetics Today. 2006. vol 27. 633-674.
Tolstoy, S.L. “About the Reflection on Life in Anna Karenina.” Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, http://tolstoy-lit.ru/tolstoy/kritika-o-tolstom/tolstoj-ob-otrazhenii-zhizni-v-anne-kareninoj.htm Accessed 20 Oct. 2020
Walsh, Richard. “Narrative Theory for Complexity Scientists.” In Narrating Complexity, edited by Richard Walsh and Susan Stepney, 11-25. Springer, 2018 (b).
Walsh, Richard. The Rhetoric of Fictionality: Narrative Theory and the Idea of Fiction. The Ohio State UP, 2007.
Walsh, Richard. “The Rhetoric of Metafiction and Metalepsis.” International Conference on Narrative, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. April 20-24, 2018 (a).
See, for example, Ryan’s “Prom Parallel Universes to Possible Worlds.”
See Ludwigs, “From de Man to Gans.”
Richard Walsh dispenses with the idea of event altogether (although keeps “series” or sequence): “Narrative is the semiotic articulation of linear temporal sequence (2018(b), 12).
Here and elsewhere I am removing the use of special fonts which are used for organizing the original text and is irrelevant to my analysis.
In my article “Cringing and Other Desacralizing Affects of Post-Millennial Aesthetics,” I do challenge this view by pointing out that some recent narratives explicitly reject the commonality of the ethical enterprise to create the aesthetic effects of distancing and betrayal. However, even in this case, it could perhaps be argued that the betrayal of trust is not “real”: it playfully explores inserting another layer of representation as an aesthetic experiment; but the make-believe scene is still underlain by the assumption of trust and shared enterprise.
|
<urn:uuid:e973285a-8ef6-4165-bbfb-137b42089c73>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
http://anthropoetics.ucla.edu/ap2601/2601ludwigs/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00676.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.945195
| 12,506
| 1.953125
| 2
|
Sixty-seven per cent of all patients who were experiencing treatment failure on second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) achieved viral re-suppression after intensified adherence support was provided, according to a study presented at the 7th South African AIDS Conference by Dr Vivian Cox from Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF/Doctors Without Borders) in Khayelitsha, a large informal settlement situated 40km outside of Cape Town in South Africa.
The study examined the viral re-suppression rates over time of 111 people who were on protease inhibitor-based second-line ART, with a viral load of more than 400 copies/ml. Of the 67% (71 of 111) of those who reached viral re-suppression, 46% (51 of 111) reached viral re-suppression at first follow-up viral load test. People in this group were three times more likely to remain virally re-suppressed, compared to those who reached viral re-suppression later (aHR 3.15, 95% CI: 2.2-4.4, p<0.0001), when adjusted for age, gender, year of ART start and time on ART). Twenty-one per cent (12 of 56) and 20% (8 of 40) reached virological re-suppression at second and third follow-up viral load test respectively.
The median age of those included in the study was 36.1 years (IQR: 31.5-40.4), of whom 73% (81 of 111) were female. The median time on ART at enrolment was 5.1 years (IQR: 4.1-6.9) and the median time on second-line ART at enrolment was 1.8 years (IQR: 1.0-3.0).
Seventy-seven per cent (n = 81) remained in care during the study period; 4% (n = 4) died and 17% (n = 19) were lost to follow-up.
Virological failure may be caused by a number of factors, including having baseline drug resistance before starting treatment, the development of drug resistance during treatment, length of time on treatment and poor adherence.
In February 2012, MSF partnered with the Western Cape Department Health to pilot a ‘risk of treatment failure’ intervention at a large community health centre in Khayelitsha. Ubuntu Clinic provides ART to 8552 people, of whom approximately 11.5% are currently receiving second-line treatment. Forty per cent of these have a high viral load, of which 5% are caused due to drug resistance.
The adherence support intervention includes identifying patients with a viral load measurement of greater than 400 copies/ml. Their folders are flagged and separated by reception staff who check the most recent viral load result (either manually or through the clinic’s electronic medical system) and place a red sticker on the patient’s folder. If the patient achieves viral re-suppression, a green sticker is placed over the red one.
These patients are then referred to ART support groups with a specific focus on adherence, run by a lay counsellor. The adherence support group is held on the same day as the clinical consultation (for patient convenience and to improve retention), where common adherence difficulties are discussed and treatment myths (such as not being able to take ART when drinking alcohol) are addressed. Adherence support group members are encouraged to motivate and support each other and when a member reaches viral re-suppression, it is celebrated.
Combined clinical and adherence consultations are facilitated by a nurse, where structured adherence support sessions are held, with an emphasis on the correlation between adherence and viral load result. The nurse discusses a medication schedule to fit into the routine of the patient’s daily life, allowing flexibility where appropriate; where and how to keep extra or emergency doses ART on hand; a simple reminder strategy; a plan for taking ART when using substances or experiencing depression; and an alternative plan for getting to clinic appointments and a plan for vacations and out-of-town trips.
In cases where people had repeated high viral load test results, genotyping to determine resistance would be conducted and patients would be switched to third-line ART.
“The main concern with people failing second-line should be adherence support, not the risk that they may have developed drug resistance to their regimen. National guidelines for structured adherence support are urgently needed,” urged Dr Cox. Adherence strategies increase the durability of second-line ART, decrease the need for costly third-line regimens and prevent unnecessary genotyping tests.
Cox V et al. Addressing treatment failure amongst adults on second line antiretroviral therapy in Khayelitsha. 7th South African AIDS Conference, June 2015, Durban, South Africa.
Médecins Sans Frontières Risk of Treatment Failure Report and Toolkit. Available at: https://www.msf.org.za/msf-publications/supporting-adherence-to-antiretroviral-treatment
|
<urn:uuid:2b803d54-dce2-45c8-8ac4-716d5b5f3b43>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.aidsmap.com/news/jul-2015/second-line-art-patients-reach-viral-re-suppression-following-intensified-adherence
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00671.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.945055
| 1,055
| 1.757813
| 2
|
This beach is hidden away on the other side of the river Afon Nyfer from Parrog, access to drive onto the beach with your vehicle is also available so no need to lug the party and picnic to far!
Wales (Cymru in the Welsh language) is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The major cities are Cardiff, Swansea, Newport and Bangor. The city of St. Davids is the smallest city in the UK with a population around 2000. Wales itself has a population of around 3 million. The Welsh language is spoken by around 20% of the population.
|
<urn:uuid:4969bf7a-8e64-40f3-bd1a-9d0db852c711>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://www.360cities.net/de/image/parrog-beach-wales-uk
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00274-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.952993
| 125
| 1.921875
| 2
|
TunisiaWelcome to Tunisia, the country loved by the sun
Tunisia is the northernmost country in Africa and, at 162 500 square kilometers in area, it is the smallest country of the Maghreb region in North Africa. It is bordered by Algeria to the west, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Its population is estimated at 11 million.
Though it is relatively small in size, Tunisia has great environmental diversity due to its north-south extent. Its east-west extent is limited. North-south environmental differences are defined by sharply decreasing rainfall southward from any point. The Dorsal, the eastern extension of the Atlas Mountains, runs across Tunisia in a northeasterly direction from the Algerian border in the west to the Cap Bon peninsula in the east.
In the Khroumerie, the northwestern corner of the Tunisian Tell, elevations reach 1 050 meters (3 440 ft) and snow occurs in winter. The Sahel, a broadening coastal plain along Tunisia's eastern Mediterranean coast, is among the world's premier areas of olive cultivation. However, much of the southern region is semi-arid and desert.
Tunisia has a coastline of approximately 1 300 kilometers long which helped boost the tourism industry since the early 60s. The lowest point is Shatt al Gharsah at 17 meters (56 ft) below sea level and the highest is Jebel ech Chambi at 1 544 meters (5 066 ft).
Tunisia's climate is Mediterranean in the north, with mild rainy winters and hot, dry summers. The south is semiarid, and merges into the Sahara.
Among Tunisia's tourist attractions are its cosmopolitan capital city of Tunis, the ancient ruins of Carthage, the city of Sidi Bou Said, the Muslim and Jewish quarters of Djerba, the desert, and the coastal resorts in Hammamet, Sousse, Monastir, Mahdia, etc.
According to The New York Times, Tunisia is “known for its golden beaches, sunny weather and affordable luxuries”.
There is a wealth of accommodation in Tunisia to suit all traveler's needs including self-catering units, bed and breakfast, guesthouses, All Inclusive resorts and luxury hotels.
The summer season is considered to last from May to October. Thanks to the diversity of its landscape, Tunisia has the possibility to cover the needs of any target group all year round: family holidays, romantic escapes for couples, cultural tours throughout the country, cruises, educational tours focusing on the country's historical and cultural background, rural & agricultural tourism, sports tourism, tailor-made round trips, Spa & thalassotherapy tourism, etc.
During the last decade, Tunisia has also become a remarkable business destination. From a congress to a seminar, from a product launch to an incentive trip, from a conference to a corporate meeting, Tunisia offers an appropriate setting for every occasion.
The culture of Tunisia is mixed due to their long established history of outside influence from people such as Phoenicians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, Arabs, Turks, Italians, Spaniards, and the French who all left their mark on the country.
|
<urn:uuid:beee6962-dcfd-421f-b997-b2ba3f954ffe>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
http://www.emira-travel.com/en/tunisia/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00073.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.941475
| 686
| 2.21875
| 2
|
OSHA penalizes organizations for violating workplace safety and health standards. Just recently, the Des Moines postal sorting facility was fined USD 25,000 as OSHA found that though safety measures were in place, employees were not trained adequately on the safety norms and procedures. You can avoid such penalties by using e-learning, a cost effective method for training your employees effectively. Let us look at how we can use e-learning for training your employees on safety norms.
Imagine watching a video with great simulations and an appealing storyline showing thestory of an employee forgetting to wear protective gear before handling equipment. Wouldn’t that stick into your mind whenever you come across such equipment? It is way more effective than just reading through rules asking you to wear protective gear. Videos can be used to show various workplace safety rules and regulations in creative ways. Even in the safety training courses, videos can be embedded, resulting in greater information retention by your employees.
One more creative way is to include foremen or managers showing how to wear the protective gear. This will not only impart knowledge but also create a sense of reality when your employees see their managers using the donningbefore handling the equipment. Not justfor training purposes,videos can also help you kick start your training program by helping you spread awareness about the importance of safety training.
Scenarios are another great way to help your employees learn, retain, and apply the knowledge intheir jobs. For instance, imagine taking a scenario-based safety course. In the scenario you see characters in a workplace and the fire alarm starts ringing. You need to get the characters out of the building safely. You also need to assess if the fire is small and can be extinguished with the help of fire extinguishers. Once you take decisions for the characters in the scenario, those decisions and the feedback will be imprinted in your mind increasing retention, improving your decision making capabilities. Employees taking scenario-based courses will also be able to apply what they have learned whenever a similar situation arises in their workplace.
Game-based learning as the name suggests,involves the usage of games or game-like elements to impart knowledge. This can be used to motivate your employees to take the course and learn about all the workplace safety rules and regulations. Imagine your employees taking a safety compliance course and they get a few points or badges or titles such as“Fast grasper”, Mr. Safe, etc. whenever they make the right decision. These badges or scores act as virtual incentivesto your employees.
Depending on your employees’ needs you can decidewhether your game-based courses need to have badges or scores or titles. Not only do they act as an incentive but also help instill a sense of healthy competition among your employees to perform better than their peers. Especially leaderboards help in creating a competitive spirit among your employees to better utilize and apply the knowledge, thus increasing the effectiveness of your safety compliance trainings.
As you can see, e-learning can not only reduce the burden, costs, and time of organizations but also increase the effectiveness, retention, and workplace applicability of the safety trainings given to your employees.
Why don’t you give it a try? Do share your experiences with us.
Subscribe to Our Blogs
Get CommLab's latest eLearning articles straight to your inbox. Enter your email address below:
|
<urn:uuid:ec56f4d8-a930-4410-b62d-29ea89699220>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://blog.commlabindia.com/training-solutions/technology-enabled-learning-to-avoid-osha-penalities
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00501-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.949112
| 688
| 2.53125
| 3
|
I have been working in Java for a while now, but have never had to interact with a web service. I have built a program using the JSDK that needs to query a web service. I'm not sure where to start with this .
All i know is that I will be getting a URL that i must call and i must pass a number to this URL. I must then expect a XML document back.
I'm maybe looking for someone to tell me more or less what to expect or do .
1) How do I link to the web service from a Java application? Do i simply create a socket connection to the URL on port 80. Example http://www.dummywebservice.com?number=1000.
2) Is there any other information (http header) that must be sent?
3) Is the XML returned via the socket connection? Do i just read this in as if i was reading in a object over a socket?
4) Are there any existing simple web services that follow i can use to query try and get this working? What are they and how do I query them?
I'm really new to this and it kind of needs to be done quick. Any help would be really good. If possible demo code will help a lot.
Please help me, Thanks.
|
<urn:uuid:60461462-170d-4ed7-b3a0-a72617c1506b>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://forums.devx.com/showthread.php?147522-Getting-data-from-a-web-service-from-a-java-application&p=439171&mode=threaded
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00057-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.947949
| 272
| 1.960938
| 2
|
Cycling is a great cardiovascular workout, building strength, stamina, and balance. However, it can be tough on the body, especially if you put in a lot of miles. This is true of any activity that is repetitive, though. Certain muscles can become more tense and others that aren’t used become weaker. This can cause your spine to become misaligned. Bending over the handlebars can also cause back pain as well as wrist, neck and shoulder pain and affect your posture if you remain in that position for long stretches or are not using proper form. Chiropractic for cyclists can help combat these effects and keep your body in alignment.
Hip and Knee Pain
Cycling puts a lot of strain on your lower body, particularly the hips and legs. The more developed these muscles get, the tighter they can become if you aren’t stretching before and after your ride (and getting regular chiropractic care).
Inflammation and stiffness of the sacroiliac joint is very common with cyclists. It can cause a significant decrease in range of motion and flexibility, not to mention cause pain. This issue can really affect your ride. The stress that occurs in this area can affect nearby large joints, such as the knees. Chiropractic can release those joints and address any issues associated with it.
Lower Back Out of Alignment
Spending a lot of time hunched over your handlebars can cause your back muscles to become stretched out. When you combine that with hunching over a desk or computer all day, it can leave you with a misaligned spine.
The tight muscles of the lower body, including hip flexors and hamstrings, work against the stretched out back muscles to weaken the spinal support. Once your spine is misaligned, it can lead to back pain, hip pain, and make it difficult for you to ride effectively or comfortably.
Getting good, regular chiropractic adjustments, along with some core strength exercises, stretching, and exercises to increase range of motion, you can get your spine aligned – and keep it that way. It is also worth mentioning that proper bike fit is absolutely integral to keeping your spine and body healthy and aligned.
Numb, Tingling Hands
Numb, tingling hands are very common among cyclists. There are several reasons that this can occur, but the most common culprits are stress on the upper back from riding in a hunched position, or wrist issues that come from the stress of supporting your upper body as you are hunched over, and from holding the handlebars.
Proper bike fit can go a long way in preventing this, as does maintaining proper form and technique while riding. This will help you avoid compression, undue stress, and overreaching so that your arms are in a more natural, comfortable position. Your chiropractor can help alleviate the pain and correct the condition with spinal manipulation and other techniques applied to the joints.
Chiropractic is exceptional for cyclists because it not only addresses structural issues in the body, it also provides whole body care. Your chiropractor may recommend certain exercises and stretches, supplements, and lifestyle changes to help improve your ride and help you live a healthier life. You will combat the strain that the sport puts on your body and learn powerful techniques for avoiding injury.
If you are a regular cyclist, whether you ride competitively, ride with a group, or bike to work, you will find that your body will respond very well to chiropractic treatments. When performed regularly, you will find that your body will get stronger and your posture will be better. You will feel better too. To learn more about our office check out our website @ www.ocwc.ca
|
<urn:uuid:fc0bb056-f355-4081-b0dc-5e94ccf15a41>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.ocwc.ca/tag/cyclist/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00675.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.95262
| 760
| 2.625
| 3
|
Since industrialisation, chemicals have been rolled out without sufficient testing, resulting in dire consequences for humans, animals and the environment. Well-known examples include DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) and PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls).
Now in the spotlight: Polymeric FR (PolyFR), a flame retardant for foam building insulation. Its production has ballooned out to 26,000 tonnes each year with little attention to its health and ecological impacts, according to a team led by Miriam Diamond from the University of Toronto, Canada.
Diamond is the lead author of a scientific opinion piece published in the journal Environmental Science & Technology, in collaboration with members of the Green Science Policy Institute in Berkeley, US, and others.
Heating and cooling buildings produces a substantial amount of greenhouse gas emissions, leading to increased awareness of the need for energy-efficient construction. Polystyrene foams provide good insulation and are light and cost-effective, and flame retardants are typically added to meet building flammability codes – but these don’t have a great track record.
The PBT chemical flame retardant HBCDD (hexabromocyclododecane), used in buildings for decades, is toxic and has been found to accumulate in humans. It has largely been replaced with PolyFR.
Co-author Arlene Blum has long been tracking different types of chemical flame retardants and advocating for proper assessment of their potential for harm, explains Diamond. “I’m the scientist who finally took up her challenge,” she says.
“Given past experiences, we believe that it is no longer acceptable to assume that a chemical is safe,” she adds. “But this chemical, PolyFR, has received very little attention – because it’s a polymer and insufficient testing has assessed its potential to break down.”
Industry claims that PolyFR is safe. It’s assumed that polymers are less risky than monomeric compounds, the authors explain, because they’re larger and less likely to migrate into the environment where they can accumulate.
But according to Blum and Diamond, research has shown that it does contain or could break down into potentially harmful compounds under certain conditions.
Notably, PolyFR is made from butadiene and styrene, which are both carcinogens. Bromine is added to make it a flame retardant – and past analysis of such retardants has showed them to be harmful.
Diamond and colleagues outline several opportunities when people and ecosystems can be exposed to potentially toxic breakdown products as it is released into the environment during the foam’s manufacture, installation and disposal.
While stressing the need for “rigorous toxicity and hazard assessments of PolyFR … under realistic scenarios across its lifecycle,” they propose the use of naturally flame-resistant insulation materials such as glass-wool or stone-wool, which don’t need flame retardants.
“Making buildings more energy-efficient is a key part of tackling the climate crisis,” says Blum. “But we need to be careful not to create new health and environmental problems along the way. A ‘green building’ with potentially hazardous insulation isn’t a green building at all.”
Natalie Parletta is a freelance science writer based in Adelaide and an adjunct senior research fellow with the University of South Australia.
Read science facts, not fiction...
There’s never been a more important time to explain the facts, cherish evidence-based knowledge and to showcase the latest scientific, technological and engineering breakthroughs. Cosmos is published by The Royal Institution of Australia, a charity dedicated to connecting people with the world of science. Financial contributions, however big or small, help us provide access to trusted science information at a time when the world needs it most. Please support us by making a donation or purchasing a subscription today.
|
<urn:uuid:b921fd18-c8b4-4ac9-9f83-c7790f1a2d79>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://cosmosmagazine.com/technology/materials/how-toxic-is-foam-insulation/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00671.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.946526
| 823
| 3.25
| 3
|
MIT professor Hugh Herr knows all extending the body’s limits with wearable machines; after mountain frostbite took his lower legs, Herr built new ones that let him climb, better than before. Herr’s next move: build a pair of exoskeletons that could make the wearer much, much stronger than they were unassisted.
Sci-fi filmmakers and government-backed researchers alike have been dreaming of exoskeletons for a long time, now. And lately, there have been some successes, making heavy backpacks feel way, way lighter.
But even the most advanced of these are still kind of stiff. Herr wants instead a "system that can vary its position and impedance in a comparable manner to that of a normal, healthy biological limb." Herr has filed a patent on two designs. Both seem to resemble, at least superficially, existing exoskeleton designs. Both would rely on:
a rigid pelvic harness worn about the waist of the user… leg structures…which extends downwardly alongside one of the human user’s legs and each of which comprises: a hip joint for attaching said leg structure at its upper end to said pelvic harness, a knee joint, a thigh member that extends from said hip joint to said knee joint, said thigh member being attached to the human user’s thigh, [and] a foot member attached to a shoe worn by said human user.
One design, though, the "pelvic harness" would be "attached to a load-carrying backpack worn on the back of said human user," helping the wearer carry that load. In the other, the harness would be "attached to a seat which supports the human user so that a
significant part of the weight of the human user is born by said
exoskeleton leg structures." The would help the guy run.
(High five: New Scientist)Go Back to Top. Skip To: Start of Article.
|
<urn:uuid:813a498e-950d-409e-a392-96e164ae9e57>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
https://www.wired.com/2007/06/prosthetic-prof
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719041.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00168-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.972232
| 405
| 2.71875
| 3
|
|Home > National News > Article||Tuesday June 4, 2002|
Portraits of exotic African animals were unveiled yesterday beside the Princes Freeway near Victoria's Open Range Zoo at Werribee, in the latest strategy to cut driver boredom and fatigue on the notoriously dangerous road to Geelong.
Images of a zebra, cheetah, hippopotamus, rhinoceros and giraffe have been painted on perforated steel screens, measuring seven metres by three metres.
African savanna trees and grasses will be placed beside the screens, while "animal stripes" will be painted on the shoulders of the road leading to the display.
The display is part of the $33 million, nine-kilometre Maltby Bypass section near Werribee. The Federal Government has paid almost half the cost of construction.
VicRoads spokesman Kevin Fox said the $270-million freeway project should be completed by October, provided Melbourne's winter season allowed final bitumen sealing to take place.
Printer friendly version Email to a friend
In this section
Pension rule shift would save $750m
Goward rails at maternity stance
Report rejects Timor murders claim
Theophanous set to keep his gold travel pass
Former G-Gs told not to taint office
Protecting Melbourne's lungs misses heart of matter for some
RACV in Waverley gridlock warning
Last stand for Ned's boyhood home
Protesters to sue baton officers
Couples queue to donate embryos
Cheikh Kone: the case of detainee number NBP451
Poaching stirs heavy handed tactics on high seas
Carlton faces oval fight
The sorrow of war in Kashmir
Mayor baffles mourning families
|text | handheld (how to)||
Copyright © 2002 The Age Company Ltd
|advertise | contact us|
|
<urn:uuid:4c390d06-3476-4e23-a0d8-d0547b615679>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/06/03/1022982671092.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00492-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.889811
| 385
| 1.539063
| 2
|
Black Abolitionist Archive
Subtitle: A Distressing Case.
Speaker or author: Watkins, William J.
Newspaper or publication: Frederick Douglass' Paper (1851 - 18??)
The writer tells the story of two free African American women who were sold into slavery while traveling with their employer as maids.
Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page
People: Peterson, Adaline
|
<urn:uuid:06bc0d07-3c6f-490c-9085-d6197d31b504>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://research.udmercy.edu/find/special_collections/digital/baa/item.php?record_id=2530&collectionCode=baa
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00196-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.938005
| 94
| 2.03125
| 2
|
Philae, a probe dropped from the Rosetta spacecraft, has successfully descended on a comet but its harpoons did not fire, the European Space Agency's (ESA) ground controllers say.
An hour after the landing, the ESA said that while the probe is on the surface and is functioning, its harpoons anchors did not shoot and they were looking into the issue.
The 100kg robot lab, carrying 10 scientific instruments, landed at about 15:30 GMT on Wednesday on 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, with a confirmation signal sent to Earth about half an hour later [at about 16:00 GMT].
ESA scientists waiting for the signal at mission control in Darmstadt, Germany, erupted in cheers on Wednesday once they received confirmation of the successful landing.
"We are the first to have done that, and that will stay forever,'' said ESA director-general Jean-Jacques Dordain.
|Al Jazeera's Tarek Bazley explains Europe's space probe Philae
While further checks are needed to ascertain the state of the lander, the fact that it is resting on the surface of the speeding comet is already a huge success.
Al Jazeera's Tarek Bazley, reporting from Darmstadt, said that the mood at ESA was euphoric.
"Lot of people spend their careers on their missions...for them it was an amazing day," he said.
Bazley added that there was some confusion as to what happened and that the harpoons that were supposed to activate did not fire.
He went on to speak with Gerhard Schwehm, former mission manager on the Rosetta mission, who said that the lander is on comet and they could still fire the harpoons but said that "we have to see what happens".
Philae was placed on a trajectory on Wednesday towards 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, a comet now more than 510 million km from Earth and racing towards the Sun at 18km per second.
Rosetta was launched in 2004 on a 6.5bn-km space trek that saw it enter 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko's orbit in August this year.
The spacecraft reached the comet - a 3km-by-5km rock discovered in 1969 - after a journey of 6.4 billion km as part of a mission that cost close to $1.8bn
Astrophysicists hope Philae will unlock knowledge about the origins of the Solar System and even life on Earth, which some believe may have started with comets "seeding" the planet with life-giving carbon molecules and water.
"By studying one in enormous detail, we can hope to unlock the puzzle of all of the others,'' said Mark McCaughrean, a senior scientific adviser to the mission.
Philae also tweeted its first image of the comet 67P, taken when it was 3km away from landing.
Source: Al Jazeera and agencies
|
<urn:uuid:b6e496da-3255-4675-b2df-64d5e1a02881>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2014/11/space-probe-successfully-lands-comet-2014111216109898224.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00164-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.970727
| 613
| 2.609375
| 3
|
Pictures & Fun
| Cats and Rabbits |
A cat and a rabbit really can be friends.
Yes, really. What seems an unlikely combination, given the predator-prey context that first comes to mind, is in fact a common and often rewarding match. The key is to remove that stereotype from your mind and, more importantly, from the environment. In an earlier issue we described some of the friendships that have developed between these two. Now we offer ideas on introducing cats and rabbits in ways that minimize stress for all concerned.
BASIC INSTINCT WITH VARIATIONA cat who lives with a house rabbit might still stalk and chase a rabbit he met outdoors. The environmental cues would set the instinct in motion. In fact, he might even pursue his own rabbit-friend if they encountered each other outdoors. There are two lessons here. The first is to make sure you set up a situation where Felix is unlikely to feel predatory. The second is that even if Daphne has a feline friend, she could still be terrorized by an unfamiliar cat.
Many people report a total reversal of the expected roles between house-rabbit and house-cat. Daphne takes charge, bossing Felix, chasing him and generally throwing her weight around. Rabbits tend to be much more confrontational in social situations than are cats. I believe this is because, at a very basic level, rabbits are group animals and cats are solitary. Daphne's instincts tell her, "Here's someone in my territory. We need to figure out who's who in the social hierarchy." Felix, on the other hand, is thinking, "Hmm. A large furry creature who isn't running away from me. Why look for trouble?" Fundamentally social or pack animals such as rabbits, dogs, and humans are much more concerned with hierarchy-with who's in charge, who's top dog-than animals who are programmed to live on their own. Domestication has modified these instincts in the cat to the point that most domestic cats prefer to live with at least one feline companion. And of course there is a great deal of individual variation within species, from the human hermit to the gregarious cat. There are also animals who seem to prefer the companionship of species other than their own. Many rabbits who lack the social skills necessary for living with another rabbit do much better with a feline companion.
LITTLE BUNNY, BIG CATBut what happens if the rabbit does run from the cat? Here's where environmental manipulation (the human's job) comes in. If Daphne runs, then the cat's instincts tell him something very different than the laid-back, confrontation-avoiding stance he generally takes to social situations. Cats play only one game, and it's called hunting. All that adorable behavior with the catnip mouse and the feather-at-the-end-of-a-string is basically Stalk, Capture, and Deliver the Fatal Bite.Probably the most difficult cat/rabbit introduction is between a shy and/or small rabbit and an adolescent cat whose claws haven't been trimmed recently. In this or any situation where the cat chases, the initial acquaintance should take place with Daphne safely in her cage. Make sure that the wire is small enough that Felix can't stick his foot through it. Also give Daphne a hiding place within the cage, such as a cardboard box (this is a good general policy for all rabbits, especially shy ones, even in catless homes). Actually, any cat who interacts with a rabbit, regardless of how friendly they are, should have his claws kept trimmed. Clip off the curved, sharp tip about once a month. Your veterinarian can show you how to do this. A mild swat from an untrimmed claw can give your bunny an undetected scratch that may later blossom into an abscess.
When Daphne is in her cage, the two have a chance to get used to each other's smell, sounds, movements, etc. A cage that's large enough for the rabbit to do some dashing is ideal, as Felix will be able to observe rabbit aerobics and become accustomed to it.
This phase may take days, weeks, or even months, depending on the animals' personalities. Don't rush things. It's much better to go too slowly and succeed than to push it and stress Daphne or have to scold Felix. Scolding is the least effective method of feline education. It usually teaches the cat (a) wait till the humans are away and then torment the rabbit to your heart's content or (b) rabbit=scolding, which is not a good way to begin a friendship.
When you feel ready to move on, the next step is to give Daphne and Felix supervised access to each other. That means, hang out with them in a room where you can intervene if necessary, but don't intervene unless absolutely necessary. Give them a chance to work things out in their own way. If Felix is mostly respectful and curious, let him sniff and investigate. If he's rambunctious, squirt him with water a few times. Try not to let him know that it's you doing the squirting, or he will associate it with you instead of with the behavior. The water should come as an unpleasant surprise, or, more technically, an environmental reprimand. If you find you're resorting to the water-pistol frequently, that means you've moved ahead too soon. Go back to the cage phase. Eventually, most rabbits and cats get used to each other. It's just a matter of time and, in some cases, supervision.
BIG, BOSSY BUNNYThis is by far the most common scenario. Cat and rabbit meet, indoors. Rabbit charges up to cat. Cat, non-plussed, backs off. The cat may even run from the rabbit. Most rabbits will chase only till they feel they've made their point. These two guys require no human intervention. Once Daphne feels she's asserted herself to her satisfaction, she and Felix can become roommates, friends, or soulmates.
If you're introducing a new rabbit to a resident cat, you may need to give the rabbit time to establish a sense of territory in your home before she takes on Felix. It's generally a good idea to confine a new animal, whether cat or rabbit, to a small area at first, either a cage or a single room. Change is stressful for rabbits as it is for humans. Arrival in a new home is more than enough stress for a rabbit. Don't put her in the position of having to get used to new territory, new humans, and new cat all at once. Wait till she's confident and comfortable.
USE YOUR SIXTH SENSEAt our foster home we rescue both cats and rabbits. Over the years we have had the opportunity to observe many cat/rabbit introductions. By far the most important element you can contribute to this process is your intuition. Get to know your own cat and rabbit. Listen to what they tell you about their level of stress, when they're ready for changes, whether they're lonely, and so on. Let them set the timetable. This is the information that will allow you to shape the general guidelines given here to suit your situation.
Creating a place where cats and rabbits can live together peaceably is a satisfying endeavor. It makes you think, if this predator can snuggle with this prey animal, maybe there's hope for a compassionate world, after all. It's a start, anyway.
House Rabbit Society is a nonprofit rescue and education group.
We welcome your feedback and appreciate your donations. Please join today!
|
<urn:uuid:8079ccaa-2e67-43a8-addf-574b310a0081>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.rabbit.org/journal/2-11/cats-and-rabbits.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00033-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.95639
| 1,595
| 2.765625
| 3
|
S.F. firefighter's new battle: proving cancer is job-related
Updated 2:13 pm, Wednesday, March 26, 2014
Denise Elarms battled fires in San Francisco for 12 years, until she was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2011. Since then, she not only has been fighting for her life - she also has been fighting for a paycheck.
Elarms' work as a firefighter exposed her to toxic chemicals, carcinogens that she believes - and a mounting body of evidence suggests - caused her stage four breast cancer, leaving her unable to work. But when she applied for workers' compensation three years ago, then again when she decided to retire earlier this year, Elarms found herself on the defensive, essentially being asked to prove that her illness is job-related.
A law being drafted by Board of Supervisors President David Chiu may change that and put the city in the company of 19 states, including California, that already give firefighters the presumption that disabilities from illnesses such as cancer or heart disease were caused by their work. Such laws allow them to more easily access workers' compensation and early retirement benefits, as well as death benefits for their families.
Right now, a San Francisco firefighter who retires early because of cancer cannot collect a full paycheck until reaching retirement age, said Tom O'Connor, head of the firefighters union.
Higher cancer rates
And Elarms isn't alone in her illness: At least 230 San Francisco firefighters have died of cancer over the past decade. O'Connor said breast cancer rates among women in the San Francisco department are six times the national average.
"I cannot do the job anymore, and I really am not capable of doing too much," said Elarms, a soft-spoken woman who has suffered memory loss and neuropathy from chemotherapy and now walks with a cane.
Elarms said the ongoing fight over her benefits left her severely depressed and struggling to pay her bills.
"I do own a home and have bills, a mortgage - these are things my career had afforded me to have," she said. "I didn't want to lose that, but there was a time when I was going through severe chemo every two weeks ... and before it was time to go back for another round, they would be sending me these forms, saying, fill this out, fill that out. I couldn't even think - I was sick, laying in bed.
"Someone asked me, 'What it's like?' It's like being in hell," she said. "They asked me, 'Could I ever go through it again?' I don't think I could. I would just rather die."
The legislation is only one part of an ongoing campaign by firefighters around the nation to let people know about the cancer risks that they face and implement policies that either mitigate those dangers or help out those who are already sick.
Union backs nonprofit
San Francisco's fire union has played a large role, creating a nonprofit, the San Francisco Firefighters Cancer Prevention Foundation, that assists with early cancer detection, advocates for ill firefighters and works to prevent unnecessary exposure to harmful chemicals, including flame retardants.
The foundation pushed for a 2009 federal study conducted by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health that examined the long-term health of 30,000 firefighters in San Francisco, Chicago and Philadelphia. That study found higher incidences of respiratory, digestive and urinary cancers, and twice the general population's rate of mesothelioma, which is caused by asbestos, among firefighters.
The sample size for breast cancer wasn't high enough in the 2009 study to link it definitively to firefighting, but O'Connor said that number has doubled over just the past five years, and the authors are in the process of updating the study to include breast cancer as a risk.
O'Connor said the proposed legislation, which the union brought to Chiu, is an important step to help ailing public servants, in large part because it will allow people such as Elarms to collect their full pension if they have to retire early. But even with that presumption, O'Connor acknowledged, firefighters often still must convince government lawyers that their illness is job-related, as Elarms had to do with her workers' compensation claim.
Signs of improvement
That process seems to be getting better as awareness of the risks of firefighting increases.
"We know that if you get occupational cancer, and start treatment, you will inevitably get turned down at first," he said. "Even though there's a presumption (under state law), you are still guilty until proven innocent."
O'Connor said the legislation will help make that process even easier.
"No one who gives their health and well-being to San Francisco should have to beg to survive once their health is taken from them," he said. "This legislation would allow firefighters who are disabled to such an extent that they can no longer work to retire with dignity and be able to support themselves."
Chiu, who is still working with city attorneys to draft the legislation, said he was surprised city law doesn't already include this presumption.
"I think its pretty simple: We need to assure our firefighters that if they get cancer due to their work, they will be taken care of," he said. "The evidence of the link between cancer and firefighters is sobering, and I am hopeful everyone will understand how important this is."
On Wednesday, San Francisco firefighters, Mayor Ed Lee and Supervisor David Chiu will attend a 10 a.m. event on the Polk Street steps of City Hall to remember those lost to cancer.
|
<urn:uuid:ea281a7d-9c5d-4cc3-b1a2-9fbed9985e8a>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/S-F-firefighter-s-new-battle-proving-cancer-is-5348988.php
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00329-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.983477
| 1,140
| 1.554688
| 2
|
To many, a mother is the most important person in a child’s life, yet her impact is often taken for granted. This Mothering Sunday show how much you care by joining us at Smith & Wollensky for a sumptous meal accompanied by live jazz from the Hot Club of Jupiter and a small gift from us at Smith & Wollensky for your mother to take home.
Some people think of Mothering Sunday as a modern phenomenon, while others believe it to be American in origin. Yet nothing could be further from the truth. Whilst we would be delighted to take the credit for honouring both our fathers and our mothers with a special day just for them, the feasts in honour of our parents is as old as time.
Millions of people across the globe take the day as an opportunity to honour their mothers, thank them for their efforts in giving them life, raising them and being their constant support and guide. The first person they go to in good times and bad. However festivals celebrating motherhood are as old as time. In fact, today this festival is celebrated across 46 countries (though on different dates) and is a hugely popular affair. So how did it all begin?
The earliest Mothers’ Day Feast.
The earliest history of Mothers’ Day dates can be traced back 776BC and the time of the ancient annual spring festival which the Greeks dedicated to maternal goddesses. The Greeks used the occasion to honour Rhea, wife of Cronus and the mother of many deities of Greek mythology.
Roman and Early Christian Mothers’ Day
The Ancient Romans, also celebrated Hilaria, a spring festival which was dedicated to the mother goddess, Cybele, some 250 BC. The celebration made on the Ides of March by making offerings in the temple of Cybele lasted for three days and included parades, games and masquerades. When the Early Christians came to Rome, they adopted many of the celebratory dates in the Roman calendar and altered them slightly to fit their own goals. Which is why Christians celebrate a Mother’s Day during the fourth Sunday of Lent in honour of the Virgin Mary, the Mother of Christ. It was then called Mothering Sunday.
Mothering Sunday from Tudors to Today!
During the Tudor time, Landlords would use the occasion of Mothering Sunday to encourage, servants, apprentices and other employees staying away from their homes to visit their mothers. Usually because by the time Easter came, they would be needed in the fields for lambing. Traditionally children brought with them gifts and a special fruit cake or fruit-filled pastry. By the beginning of the Victorian era, the custom of celebrating Mothering Sunday died out almost completely, that was until World War II. Homesick service men and women revived the celebration and adopted the occasion to make sure that their Mothers were feeling truly appreciated and famously sent them wild flowers in cards.
|
<urn:uuid:b9619639-aa5d-413e-ab71-9ecbfcc60c9b>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.smithandwollensky.co.uk/mothering-sunday-at-smith-wollensky/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00676.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.975141
| 597
| 3.03125
| 3
|
Hope that you have got a lot of notifications from your friends saying to Sign-Up for Saving Free Basics in India. Do you what does it actually mean? The Facebook first started the internet.org campaign for free internet which was only accessible to the RIL Reliance mobile operator users. This has got a lot of negative response from the experts because it may violate the Net Neutrality.
Also Read: Rajinikanth’s And Akshay’s ‘Robot 2’ Could Be Most Expensive Film Of Bollywood
If you don’t know much about the Net Neutrality than you can read the complete details about net neutrality here.
Also Read: Juvenile Justice Bill Passed! Minor’s Age Lessened To 16 Years For Heinous Crimes
Now again Facebook asking it’s users to sign up for the free basics of the internet. But experts doesn’t think it’s good! If you sign up it means you are asking Telecom Regulatory Authority of India for the free basic internet which may directly benefit the Facebook.
What Actually The Notification Mean?
A user when signing up will be shown this notification message which says the following:
Also Read: 10 Weird Negative Effects Of Social Media On Your Mind
“To the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India, I support digital equality for India. Free Basics provides free access to essential internet services like communication, education, healthcare, employment, farming and more. It helps those who can’t afford to pay for data, or who need a little help getting started online. And it’s open to all people, developers, and mobile operators. With 1 billion Indian people not yet connected, shutting down Free Basics would hurt our country’s most vulnerable people. I support Free Basics – and digital equality for India. Thank you.”
Free Basics gives people access to vital services like communication, healthcare, education, job listings and farming information – all without data charges. It helps those who can’t afford to pay for data, or who need a little help getting started online. And it’s open to all people, developers and mobile operators.
But Free Basics is in danger in India. A small, vocal group of critics are lobbying to have Free Basics banned on the basis of net neutrality. Instead of giving people access to some basic internet services for free, they demand that people pay equally to access all internet services – even if that means 1 billion people can’t afford to access any services.
The TRAI is holding a public debate that will affect whether free basic internet services can be offered in India. Your voice is important for the 1 billion Indian people who are not yet connected and don’t have a voice on the internet.
Unless you take action now, India could lose access to free basic internet services, delaying progress towards digital equality for all Indians. Tell the TRAI you support Free Basics and digital equality in India.“
Have you read it carefully? Let us see the important points which have not been covered.
TRAI Asked RIL To Put Facebook’s Free Basics On Hold: And Once Again Asks The Opinion of Users:
What could be the merits and demerits if you sign up the petition in order to save the free basic internet which is fully supported by the Facebook, read on to know.
Also Read: This Video Shows How Knowledge And Attitude Can Give You A Job
1. It may give the commercial advantage to the Facebook and it partners.
2. Data Package prices may increase.
3. Competing the Facebook will become very tough.
4. User privacy may be compromised.
5. Think for a while, if you are given access only to Facebook than what other sites may do? This may violate the Net neutrality.
If you have any Question and queries regarding the ‘Net Neutrality’ and ‘Free Basics by Facebook’ you can comment below.
|
<urn:uuid:61a1449d-5631-4065-816d-93b867a74804>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://www.allindiaword.com/2015/12/shocking-reality-free-basics-internet-facebook.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00482-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.903765
| 819
| 2.4375
| 2
|
Rules for Coining Names
By definition, nonproprietary names are not subject to proprietary trademark rights but are entirely in the public domain. This distinguishes them from the trademarked names that have been registered for private use. A United States Adopted Name (USAN) is a nonproprietary name selected by the USAN Council according to principles developed to ensure safety, consistency and logic in the choice of names.
These principles take into account practical considerations, such as the existence of trademarks, international harmonization of drug nomenclature, the development of new classes of drugs and the fact that the intended uses of substances for which names are being selected may change.
1. A nonproprietary name should be useful primarily to health care practitioners, especially physicians, pharmacists, nurses, educators, dentists and veterinarians.
a. The primary criterion for judging usefulness is suitability, including safety for use in the routine processes of prescribing, ordering, dispensing and administering drugs throughout the United States.
b. The second criterion is suitability for use in educational programs for students in medically oriented professions and for use in scientific and lay publications.
c. The third criterion is suitability for use internationally in drug identification, the exchange of information and translation into different languages.
2. Attributes that contribute to usefulness are simplicity (brevity and ease of pronunciation), euphony and ready recognition and recall.
a. The name for the active moiety of a drug should be a single word, preferably with no more than four syllables.
b. The name for the active moiety may be modified by a single term, preferably with no more than four syllables, to show a chemical modification, such as salt or ester formation. Examples can include cortisone acetate from cortisone, cefamandole sodium from cefamandole or erythromycin acistrate from erythromycin.
c. Only under compelling circumstances is a name with more than one modifying term acceptable. Compelling circumstances may pertain to such examples as pharmaceuticals containing radioactive isotopes or the different classes of interferons.
d. Acronyms, initials and condensed words may be acceptable in otherwise appropriate terminology.
3. A name should reflect characteristics and relationships that will be of practical value to the users.
a. A common, simple word element (a "stem") should be incorporated in the names of all members of a group of related drugs when pertinent, common characteristics can be identified, such as similarity of pharmacological action. When pharmacological similarity is found in drugs of distinctly different chemical nature, stems should differ.
b. Distinctive terminology should be used for specific drugs or groups (e.g., insulin I 131, dextran 40, interferon alfa-2a and interferon alfa-n1; licryfilcon A and licryfilcon B; epoetin alfa and epoetin beta).
4. A name should be free from conflict with other nonproprietary names and with established trademarks and should be neither confusing nor misleading.
5. Preferences should be given to names of established usage provided they conform to these guiding principles and are determined to be free from conflict with existing nonproprietary names and trademarks.
6. Whenever possible, the USAN Council will assign substances to existing stems or nomenclature schemes that describe the substance, its action, or its use. A new stem will be created only in the unusual circumstance where existing stems and nomenclature schemes do not accurately represent a compound, its action, structure or use, and also when substantial clinical and preclinical data support the creation of a new stem.
7. Identical negotiations submitted by two or more manufacturers will be conducted in accordance with the Council's practice of maintaining confidentiality. The applicants involved will not be notified of the multiple sources of the submission. However, the name selected by the USAN Council will need to be accepted by each sponsor involved in the negotiation process.
8. A request for a USAN should be made after the drug sponsor has submitted an Investigational New Drug (IND) application to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to obtain permission to initiate studies on humans. An IND number is required before the USAN application review process can begin.
9. Negotiations can be placed on hold
a. The USAN Council Secretariat will put an ongoing negotiation on hold for six months, plus one additional three-month extension upon receipt of a written request from the manufacturer. If the USAN Council has selected a name candidate and recommended this name to the manufacturer, the maximum hold is one six-month period.
b. The negotiation will be canceled after the maximum nine-month hold has lapsed.
c. If the negotiation is to be reopened at a later time, it will receive a new USAN file number and will be treated as a new application. The manufacturer will be expected to submit a new USAN application form, update the background information and submit the appropriate fee.
Specific nomenclature rules
1. Prefixes that imply "better," "newer" or "more effective;" prefixes that evoke the name of the sponsor, dosage form, duration of action or rate of drug release should not be used. Examples include "dura," "forte," or "efex."
2. Prefixes that refer to a Latin or Greek number, unless meaningful to the compound, are not acceptable. Examples include the use of number references such as "deci," "centi," "bi" or "di").
3. Prefixes that refer to an anatomical connotation or medical condition are not acceptable.
4. Prefixes that indicate a chemical element or compound (Ca, Ni and Stannous) are not acceptable.
5. Because of the international exchange of drug information, specific guidelines have been formulated to ensure appropriate translation of nonproprietary names into other languages. The following rules of preferred spelling should be used when coining USAN designations:
a. the letter "f" should be used instead of "ph"
b. the letter "t" should be used instead of "th"
c. the letter "e" should be used instead of "ae" or "oe"
d. the letter "i" should be used instead of "y"
e. the letter "h" should be avoided
f. the letter "k" should be avoided
g. the letter "j" should be avoided
h. the letter "w" should be avoided
i. "ar," "rac," "lev," "dex" or "es" are reserved for stereochemical configurations
6. Additionally, these letter combinations are restricted until further notice. Please avoid the following prefixes:
a. the beginning letter combination of "me"
b. the beginning letter combination of "str"
c. chemical connotations such as "ben," "bu," "cat," "cel," "fen," "flu," "fo(s)" and "piro," unless chemically appropriate
d. "z" or "x" as a beginning letter
e. blends of two consecutive vowels
7. Isolated letters, numbers or hyphenations are restricted to those groups of substances for which usage fulfills a clearly demonstrable purpose. Examples of this include interferon alfa-2b, paflufocon A or technetium Tc 99m siboroxime.
8. Group relationships in a name preferably should be indicated by use of syllables or stems. Conversely, use of the stem for other than the appropriate group should be avoided. When multiple stems are available, the stem conveying the most information should be used.
9. Esters, salts, chelates, prodrugs and complexes ordinarily require a two-word name to indicate the inactive as well as the active portion.
a. The preferred order for the name of an inorganic salt is cation-anion (e.g., sodium chloride), irrespective of the clinically significant portion. The same order is preferred for well-known salts of simple organic acids such as sodium lactate, magnesium citrate and potassium acetate.
b. For more complex organic compounds, the pharmacologically active portion should be identified first. Examples of this include oxacillin sodium and dexibuprofen lysine.
c. A name for a salt or ester is generally derived from the name of the pharmacologically active moiety or corresponding acid. An example is chloroprednisone acetate.
d. Ester prodrugs, which are cleaved in vivo to release the pharmacologically active species, ordinarily receive two-word names (e.g., haloperidol decanoate, clindamycin palmitate). Other types of prodrugs may receive a one or two-word name, as the USAN Council deems most appropriate.
e. Exceptions to two-word names may be appropriate when differences in pharmacologic activity for the ester form are clinically important; for example, if only the ester but not the parent is pharmacologically active. To receive a one-word designation for an ester, sponsors must submit data to document the activity of the ester. The USAN Council may request such information if it is not provided with the application.
10. As of January 2013, the name for the salt form of a pharmacologically active moiety will no longer specify the number of molecules used to react with the active moiety. Between January 1993 and December 2012 a different rule was in effect, and numerical prefixes were often used to specify the number of molecules used to react with the active moiety (e.g., basalazide disodium).
11. A name for a quaternary ammonium substance should designate the cation and anion separately. Octonium bromide not octonine methylbromide, for example. The name assigned to the cation must contain the -ium suffix stem. This rule is modified when a second, more pertinent, stem is used to coin a new name. In such cases, the addition of the -ium suffix stem to solely designate a quaternary ammonium is not required.
12. A name for a complex of two or more components should list the name of the principal active ingredient followed by a coined designation for the second component ending with an "-ex" suffix to indicate "complex" such as in bisacodyl tannex or doxycycline fosfatex. Complexes formed from sulfonated diethenylbenzene-ethenylbenzene copolymers and an active ingredient should list the name of the principal active ingredient followed by "polistirex," such as in chlorpheniramine polistirex or codeine polistirex.
13. A name for a drug containing a radioactive atom should list, in the order given: 1) the name of the drug containing the radioactive atom; 2) the element symbol; 3) the isotope number, and 4) the name of the carrier agent, if any (examples of this include rose bengal sodium I 131, cyanocobalamin Co 60, potassium bromide Br 82, technetium Tc 99m butilfenin, technetium Tc 99m medronate, indium In 111 oxyquinoline, indium In 111 satumomab pendetide).
14. A name for a substance generally should not indicate the state of hydration, the morphology, or the mode of preparation. Reference to the water of hydration is retained in the chemical information (chemical names, formulas, weight) but is excluded from the nonproprietary name. The degree of hydration becomes a part of the chemical entity identified by the USAN.
15. Under the terms of the Orphan Drug Act of 1983, the development and marketing of drug products that are of limited commercial application but that are potentially useful in relatively rare disease conditions are encouraged. The selection of a name for an orphan drug may be based on special considerations. Therefore, when the name for an orphan drug appears to follow a more chemically oriented terminology style than is customary for drug nomenclature generally, this is not to be regarded as a basis or a precedent for a future selection of a USAN.
16. A name coined for a new chemical entity routinely does not specify the stereoisomeric form of the molecule in the nonproprietary name. If the stereochemical configuration has been determined, this information is presented in the chemical name(s) and is reflected in the structural formula. A USAN can, therefore, identify the racemic mixture (e.g., carnitrine, ibuprofen, tetramisole) the levo isomer (e.g., remoxipride, quadazocine), or the dextro form (e.g., butopamine). Subsequently, if a name is needed for a different enantiomer or for the racemic form, the following prefixes should be added to the existing name:
a. For the racemate, the rac-/race- prefix is used (e.g., racemethionine, racepinephrine, ractopamine).
b. For the levorotatory form, the "(S)" isomer, the lev-/levo- prefix is used (e.g., levocarnitine, levamisole, levcromakalim, levdobutamine).
c. For the levorotatory form, the "(R)" isomer, ["R(-)"-isomer], the "ar-" prefix is added to the base name.
d. For the dextrorotatory form, the "(R)" isomer, the dex-/dextro- prefix is used (e.g., dexamisole, dexibuprofen, dextroamphetamine, dexverapamil, dexrazoxane, dexfosfoserine, dexniguldipine)
e. For the dextrorotatory form, the "(S)" isomer ["S(+)"-isomer], the "es-" prefix is added to the base name.
17. Official names have been selected for a number of radicals and adducts used to form salts or esters of the pharmacologically active moiety. In a majority of cases, these names represent contractions of the chemical name assigned to the radical or adduct. In some cases, the official name identifies a multicomponent adduct.
|
<urn:uuid:a1714cc0-ef7c-4cfe-96de-1a21fd6212b3>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/medical-science/united-states-adopted-names-council/naming-guidelines.page
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719843.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00292-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.886292
| 3,046
| 2.9375
| 3
|
This is especially true when it comes to nutritional supplements. For athletic trainers and strength and conditioning coaches, it can be difficult to give athletes the right direction when the research on supplements is all very new. But some good research has been done.
Resistance And Aerobic Exercise Have Similar Effects On 24-h Nutrient Oxidation
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 34(11), 1793-1800, 2002
Edward L. Melanson, Teresa A. Sharp, Helen M. Seagle, William T. Donahoo, Gary K. Grunwald, John C. Peters, Jere T. Hamilton, and James O. Hill
Athletes often wonder whether cardiovascular exercise or resistance training is better for weight loss; however, much of the discussions are based on anecdotal evidence rather than actual research. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to compare the effects of aerobic vs. anaerobic training on energy expenditure (EE) and substrate oxidation.
This study measured energy expenditure in 10 non-obese male subjects on four separate occasions using different exercise protocols [aerobic (bike) or anaerobic (circuit training) exercise]. Subjects expended similar amounts of energy for both types of exercise with no significant differences between exercise conditions.
Both exercise regimens had similar effects on substrate oxidation. There were no differences in fat oxidation over 24 hours, but there was an increase in the amount of carbohydrates oxidized during aerobic exercise.
| First Endurance Optygen
Optygen is unlike any other endurance product available. This revolutionary formula is based on clinical trials and the latest scientific research on maximizing oxygen utilization in elite endurance athletes.
[ Click here to get some! ]
Scientific and anecdotal evidence have demonstrated creatine supplementation is beneficial for short-duration, high intensity exercise such as weightlifting and sprinting in most individuals.
However, while the strength gains that often accompany creatine supplementation may be beneficial for many athletes, subsequent weight gain may not; particularly for those athletes in weight-sensitive sports (e.g., wresters, lightweight rowers, etc.) or sports where physical appearance play a large role in the competition (e.g., gymnasts).
One method researchers use to determine substrate utilization (i.e., what food the body is metabolizing: carbohydrates, proteins, or fats) is the measurement of the respiratory exchange ratio (RER). Values typically range from 0.70 to 1.00.
The higher the value, the more carbohydrates that are being metabolized; on the contrary, a lower value means fat is the primary fuel.
With that said, the purpose of this 12-week, double-blind, placebo controlled weight-training trial was to determine how creatine supplementation affects substrate utilization to see if it results in more carbohydrates or more fat being "burned" for energy.
All subjects participated in a pre-determined strength training program throughout the study. In addition, the same meals were consumed 12-hours prior to RER testing to reduce potential confounders and no other food was consumed until post-measurement.
The researchers found that carbohydrate oxidation increased during creatine supplementation (there was a trend for an increase in RER). In addition, while fat mass did not change with creatine supplementation, it did decrease significantly in those taking the placebo supplementation.
The important take home message is that these results demonstrate individuals who supplement with creatine may decrease their ability to lose fat after exercise training, potentially due to the RER increase (again, which means decreased fat metabolism).
According to the results from this study only, those attempting to reduce body fat may want to steer away from supplementing with creatine as it may work against them in that regard; however, more research is necessary as this was the first study of its kind.
| Higher Power Creatine Monohydrate
Simply put, creatine monohydrate is the most popular and effective bodybuilding supplement on the market. Everyone consistently using creatine is making HUGE, AMAZING gains!
[ Click here to get some! ]
The Effect Of ß-hydroxy ß-methylbutyrate On Muscular Strength And Body Composition In Collegiate Football Players
Journal of Strength and Conditioning, 17(1), 34-39, 2003
Jack Ransone, Kerri Neighbors, Robert Lefavi, and Joseph Chromiak
ß-hydroxy ß-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation is purported to enhance lean-body mass gains during resistance training and stimulate fat-oxidation. Therefore, this study was designed to measure the effects of HMB on muscular strength and body composition.
Subjects were NCAA Division I collegiate football players, with at least 4 years of strength-training experience. They were supplemented with either 3 g HMB (manufacturer recommended dose) or placebo during a 9-week exercise program (averaging 4-5 days/week for approximately 20 hours/week), under the supervision of a strength coach.
After the double-blind, placebo controlled supplementation protocol (4-weeks of HMB supplementation, followed by a washout period with no supplement and then 4-weeks of taking placebo), there were no significant differences for muscular strength (measured by bench press, power cleans, and squats) or for body composition, body fat, or weight.
Some research has suggested HMB may be beneficial in an untrained population initiating an exercise program; however, the take home message with this study is that HMB supplementation doesn't seem to be beneficial for enhancing muscular strength, decreasing body fat, or positively altering body composition in a previously trained athletic population.
| SciFit Extra Strength HMB
HMB has been shown in controlled studies (with athletes performing regular resistance training) that when taken at 3 grams per day, produce a 300% greater increase in lean mass gain.
[ Click here to get some! ]
The Effect Of Bovine Colostrum Supplementation On Exercise Performance In Elite Field Hockey Players
International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 12(4), 461-469, 2002
Zandrie Hofman, Rolf Smeets, George Verlaan, Richard v.d. Lugt, and Peter A. Verstappen
Bovine Colostrum is the first milk secretion (often known as "pre-milk") from the mammary glands of many mammals, including cows and humans. The concentrations of protein, immunoglobulins, insulin like growth factors and many vitamins and minerals are higher in colostrum than those from normal milk.
Animal studies using colostrum have demonstrated an increase in protein synthesis, which may correlate to increases in lean body mass and subsequently, enhanced performance.
Thirty five elite male and female field hockey players participated in this 8-week study, to determine the effects of 60 g of bovine colostrum supplementation, compared to 60 g of whey protein, on body composition (skinfold measurement) and exercise performance (sprint test, suicide test [subject had to run as fast as possible between 6 markers; total distance was 300m], shuttle run test, and vertical jump).
After the 8-week protocol, there was a significant improvement for both groups in the sprint test only (reduction in sprint time from baseline to week 8), with a significant difference between the two groups as well (i.e., both groups improved their time, but the colostrum supplemented group improved significantly more than the whey supplemented group). There were no significant changes in any other aforementioned outcome assessments between groups.
Lean body mass significantly improved in both groups, with no differences between groups. This is not surprising, since both supplements provided just under 400 kcal of additional energy to their normal diets, which could correlate to an increase in lean body mass.
The take home message here is the results from this study alone do not warrant supplementing with bovine colostrum. In addition, bovine colostrum comes with an extremely hefty price tag (approximately $12/day for 60 g dose) and the only significant improvement found in this study was a decrease in 50 meter sprint time.
| Bricker Labs Mega-Colostabs
Research has shown that dried colostrum aids nutrient uptake from the intestines by interfering with the biology of some gut pathogens.
[ Click here to get some! ]
In the year 2000, sales of dietary supplements reached 16.8 billion dollars. It is impossible for research to keep up with the plethora of products available; fortunately, those products that don't live up to their hype fall off the market.
Over time, products which seem to have some efficacy for various populations are investigated to determine if they are safe and beneficial and can only hope to someday make it to the pages of Research Roundup.
|
<urn:uuid:1e75773d-7d48-48dc-9358-2c7068ce11fd>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/mohr22.htm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00241-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.944589
| 1,798
| 2.296875
| 2
|
|This is an essay. It expresses the opinions and ideas of some Wikimedians but may not have wide support. This is not policy on Meta, but it may be a policy or guideline on other Wikimedia projects. Feel free to update this page as needed, or use the discussion page to propose major changes.
- This essay is about a custom in English wikipedia. See also Meta:Snowball for views from Meta users.
The "snowball clause" is an interpretation of the Ignore all rules policy that stems from the fact that wikipedia is not a bureaucracy, and the desire that editors exercise common sense. The snowball clause states:
- If an issue doesn't even have a snowball's chance in hell of getting an unexpected outcome from a certain process, then there is no need to run it through that process.
The snowball clause is not policy, but it is designed to prevent editors from using policies and guidelines as a filibuster.
For example, if an article is speedily deleted for a reason not explicitly listed in the criteria for speedy deletion but it would almost certainly be deleted via the requests for deletion process anyway, there's little sense in undeleting it.
What the snowball clause is not
An uphill battle is extremely difficult but potentially winnable. In cases of genuine contention in the Meta-Wiki community, it is best to settle the dispute through discussion and debate. This should not be done merely to assuage complaints that process wasn't followed, but to produce a correct outcome, which often requires that the full process be followed. Allowing a process to continue to its conclusion may allow for a more reasoned discourse, ensures that all arguments are fully examined, and maintains a sense of fairness. However, process for its own sake is not part of Wikipedia policy.
This test can be applied to an action only after it is performed, and is thus useful for learning from experience.
- If an issue is run through some process and the resulting decision is unanimous, then it might have been a candidate for the snowball clause.
- If an issue is "snowballed", and somebody later raises a reasonable objection, then it probably was not a good candidate for the snowball clause. Nevertheless, if the objection raised is unreasonable or contrary to policy, then the debate needs to be re-focused, and editors may be advised to avoid disrupting wikipedia to make a point.
If a request for adminship receives unanimous support, closing it early is no big deal, as the result is absolutely clear and there is not a snowball's chance in hell that the outcome would be different.
|
<urn:uuid:08440310-bedc-4e83-a3fa-c7a63ca87322>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Snowball_clause
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00025-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.942174
| 532
| 2.421875
| 2
|
Tilawkaguru Cave Monastery – Sagaing
Tilawkaguru Cave monastery is one of the monasteries on the Sagaing hillside. It was a meditation caves which was built around 1672. Bright reds, yellows, blues but especially turquoise that produced richer more vivid mural paintings still can be seen in the Tilawkaguru Meditation Caves.
WHY MYANMAR TOUR WITH US?
- We are internationally registered, well-recognized
- We respond you within 12 hours
- Local experts, true knowledge
- Our service is personalized, customized at its best
- Easy to pay online
- Best customer care/policy
- Committment to Satisfaction
- Professional Consultancy
- Unrivalled values
|
<urn:uuid:376c4a50-0270-4dbc-b3a9-09fc47d743e4>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.myanmartours.us/destinations/sagaing-travel/sagaing-attractions/tilawkaguru-cave-monastery-sagaing/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00677.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.926459
| 161
| 1.78125
| 2
|
by Geno Arguelles . June 15th, 2012
Branding and identity design junkies, rejoice! Since we’re making the month of June You The Designer’s Logo Design Month, we’re going to teach you how to make your own business card. We’ll walk you through a five-step process, which you can modify later on and apply to your own design concept.
Here’s how it will look when we’re done:
Since we are doing a print-ready UPrinting business card (with bleeds and margins), download a PSD file of a Standard Business Card (2″ x 3.5″) at UPrinting’s Free Template page.
After downloading the business card template, let’s get the font that we’ll be using on our design. You can get the font from DaFont here, and make sure to install the font on your computer.
After that’s done and good, let’s move to the tutorial proper:
Open the PSD file that you have downloaded, here’s what you’ll see.
Now that we are all set up let’s start to design the front of the business card.
On the layer panel, double click the layer named “Background” and name it to Front Background then hit OK. Double click the same layer again and you’ll end up in the “Layer Style” window. Click the Color Overlay to color the white background with black (which is #0c0c0c) and hit OK.
Now that we’re done with the front side, this time we’ll do the back part’s design. Just repeat Step 1 until you end up with a white background.
On the toolbar on the left side, select the “rectangle tool”
This time we need to place the logo from the card’s front design to the our current canvas.
Open Front_Design PSD and position your two sides like this:
If you’ve got any request or a crazy idea you’d want to share with us, just hit us up on Facebook or Twitter. For more tutorials, or design news and inspiration, stay tuned and subscribe to our RSS Feed!
|
<urn:uuid:e779dd46-7f53-4092-a7b6-dd1fbe7f16fd>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://qa.ucreative.com/resources/how-to-make-a-business-card-in-five-easy-steps/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00074.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.829253
| 519
| 1.65625
| 2
|
Iran: Registration of "temporary marriages" voted down
The controversial Family Protection bill was dealt a blow at the Islamic parliament today as one of its articles outlining legal registration of "temporary marriages" was voted down. ILNA reports that Article 21 of the new bill failed to pass through the parliament with only 45 votes in favour of it. The article was one of the points women’s rights activists objected to in the so-called Family Protection bill.
The Family Protection bill was first introduced into the parliament three years ago but protests against some of its articles delayed its ratification.
Recently the parliament has re-focused its attention on this bill which has led to severe criticism from women’s rights activists.
The most controversial article of the bill is Article 23 which proposes to further pave the way for men's exercise of polygamy by scrapping the current conditions of first wife’s consent and proof of financial means which have to be satisfied before men are allowed to take on a second wife.
Publish date: August 25
|
<urn:uuid:79dd0894-3729-401f-91c0-349ebb9b2ceb>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://www.wluml.org/zh-hans/node/6608
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718278.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00241-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.981726
| 210
| 1.515625
| 2
|
This year, The National WWII Museum asks: How can people who disagree still work together for victory?
In order to fight – and ultimately win – WWII, the United States allied itself with countries it had political, economic and strategic disagreements with – both small and large. On the Home Front disagreements existed between politicians of different parties, between workers and factory owners, and between racial groups. Most times (but not always) we were able to put aside these differences for the greater good.
For your essay, think about the United States today – both the country as a whole and your city, school and even your family. You will see differences of opinion on a variety of subjects – both small and large. Examine these differences along with our common goals to answer the question: How can people who disagree still work together to solve a problem? Use WWII as a starting point and base your essay in part on America’s involvement in WWII. But don’t stop in the past. Use specific examples from your own experiences that support your ideas. This is not a research paper. Your essay will be judged foremost for its originality, clarity of expression, and adherence to contest theme, as well as its historical accuracy, grammar, spelling, and punctuation. The National WWII Museum staff will read and evaluate entries.
The National WWII Museum is accepting entries through March 29th. If you are interested in learning more about this or other scholarship opportunities, conduct a free scholarship search today!
College is expensive. Scholarships.com has done the work for you. Pay for your college education with free college scholarship money. Get matched to college scholarships instantly and start applying today by conducting a free college scholarship search at Scholarships.com.
|
<urn:uuid:d4fd2074-ce10-4d6a-87b4-f23f8bb2927c>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.scholarships.com/news/sotw-national-wwii-museum-student-essay-contest
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00479.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.972063
| 350
| 3.375
| 3
|
Frequently Asked Questions
Where can I find information about medications prescribed by my doctor?
Always talk to your doctor or pharmacist for specific medication questions. For general questions about drugs, the NIH’s National Library of Medicine’s website, MedlinePlus (www.medlineplus.gov), offers information about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more, about hundreds of prescription and over-the-counter drugs and supplements. You will also find useful information at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) website at www.fda.gov.
|
<urn:uuid:f9c2ad4e-ed41-476b-ae3b-2991a246c4a2>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://www.nia.nih.gov/espanol/health/faq/where-can-i-find-information-about-medications-prescribed-my-doctor
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00465-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.845311
| 119
| 1.960938
| 2
|
On Tuesday 30 June 2020, Jean-Yves Le Gall, President of the CNES, and Antoine Petit, President and CEO of the CNRS, together presented the challenges of NASA’s “Mars 2020” mission, which will embark on the “Perseverance” rover, the Franco-American SuperCam instrument bound for the Red Planet. The launch by an Atlas V rocket from Cape Canaveral in Florida is scheduled between July 22 and August 11.
About four billion years ago, the Earth and Mars, much more similar than they are today, both had a dense atmosphere, liquid water, and a large-scale magnetic field. Hence the fundamental question that drives exobiologists: “If life developed on Earth at that time, could life have emerged on Mars as well?
Perseverance will explore ancient environments of the planet Mars in order to decipher its geological history and better characterize its past habitability. It will search for traces of ancient life by detecting possible biosignatures. Its mission is also to prepare for human exploration of Mars. The rover is also designed to collect samples that will be retrieved and brought back to Earth thanks to the joint missions of the United States and Europe planned for a sample return within the next ten years (MSR, Mars Sample Return).
Perseverance carries seven instruments and a sample collection and conditioning system. It will also place a small drone, Ingenuity, on the surface of Mars. The French contribution concerns the SuperCam instrument, an improved version of ChemCam which operates aboard NASA’s Curiosity rover.
SuperCam will study the chemistry and mineralogy of the rocks and soils of Mars, as well as the composition of its atmosphere. SuperCam is the “Swiss Army Knife” of the mission scientists. It performs five different types of analysis: one measurement of elemental chemical composition, two molecular measurements (the way atoms are bound together, and the arrangement of molecules within minerals), an imager to photograph the targets being analyzed, and a microphone. SuperCam carries many complex subsystems, including a power laser made in France. The instrument will help scientists in their search for early, fossilized signs of microbial life on the Red Planet.
In February 2021, Perseverance will be deposited in the Jezero crater, an impact basin 45 kilometers in diameter. This crater is home to an ancient river delta that flowed into a lake 3.5 billion years ago. The ancient lake-delta system offers the opportunity to collect samples from a wide variety of rocks and minerals, especially carbonates that can preserve fossil traces of ancient life.
For Jean-Yves Le Gall, President of CNES, “France’s return to Mars, aboard NASA’s Perseverance rover, is a new recognition of the excellence of the French scientific community in the study of the Red Planet. The work that Perseverance will undertake is in line with the discoveries made by previous Mars missions, it will teach us more and more about our history, our environment and the prospects for the future. Once again, I would like to thank all the participants in this beautiful and great mission, as well as NASA, which renews its confidence in us. Let’s meet again from July 22nd to live together a new page in the history of space exploration! »
For Antoine Petit, Chairman and CEO of the CNRS, “With Mars 2020, teams from the CNRS and its partners will be transported to the Martian terrain thanks to the ingenuity of NASA and CNES. Could life have appeared elsewhere than on Earth? This is the big question that our laboratories will be able to tackle through this mission. To this end, they have invented and built in record time the SuperCam tool that will be used to select the most promising samples on the basis of their atomic and molecular composition, those that will deserve to make the journey to Earth by 2030. Congratulations to all of you, the adventure has only just begun! »
NASA is relying on Caltech/JPL for the development of the Mars 2020 mission. SuperCam is jointly developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory (Los Alamos, USA) and a consortium of French laboratories under the scientific direction of IRAP (CNRS / CNES / University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, in Toulouse, France), with a contribution from the University of Valladolid (Valladolid, Spain). CNES is responsible, towards NASA, for the French contribution to SuperCam. CNES, CNRS and many universities have provided human resources for the construction of this instrument. The French team contributing to SuperCam will participate daily in the scientific operations and the instrument will be operated alternately from the LANL and the control center installed at CNES in Toulouse (FOCSE Mars 2020).
In France, many laboratories, attached to CNRS and its partners, institutions have brought their scientific expertise and contributed to the construction of SuperCam: IRAP (Toulouse), LESIA (Meudon), LAB (Bordeaux), LATMOS (Guyancourt), OMP (Toulouse), IAS (Orsay) 1), ISAE-SUPAERO (Toulouse) and CNES.
- CNES Press Release
- CNRS-INSU Press Release
- Press Review :
- Une équipe toulousaine pour percer les mystères de la planète Mars (Le Journal Toulousain)
- La caméra laser Supercam est prête à décoller pour Mars (La Dépêche du Midi)
- SuperCam : un concentré technologique pour Mars 2020 (IT.com)
- Prochain retour de la France sur Mars (Cité de l’Espace)
- Où atterrira le rover Perseverance sur Mars ? (Futura Sciences)
- Comment la France va aider la NASA à chercher des traces de vie sur Mars (01.net)
- Le rover « Perseverance » s’en va collecter des bouts de Mars pour les ramener sur Terre (20 minutes)
- Events :
- Lundi 20 juillet 2020 : journée martienne à la Cité de l’Espace
- Suivez le lancement en direct : Mars 2020 : #CapSurMars ! (CNES)
- Sylvestre Maurice, email@example.com
|
<urn:uuid:866487a8-e7e7-42b5-8374-a8926a7a2a7a>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.irap.omp.eu/en/2020/07/perseverance-rover-ready-to-take-off-towards-mars/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00675.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.867894
| 1,362
| 3.5
| 4
|
The British Union, officially the Union of British Proletarian Republics (abbreviated UBPR), was a socialist state that espoused Marxist-MacDonaldist ideology that existed between 1920 and 1991. The British Union officially consisted of the islands of Great Britain and Ireland, the Falkland Islands, the India, East Africa, Oman and Burma, and also loosely served as an affiliate state of Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.
The British Union was formed following the 1916 October Revolution, which came on the heels of the March Revolution earlier that year. The "Red October" led to the implementation of the British Communist party in London with Ramsay MacDonald as its head officer. The "Red Army" thereafter fought a lengthy and violent campaign against the "White Army" in multiple theaters across the old British Empire, helped by the rise of power of sympathetic left-wing allies in multiple British colonies. The British Union was formed by official decree as the Union of British Proletarian Republics as a worldwide network of offiliated communist nations governed by a single government in London. MacDonald died in 1927 and was succeeded by John R. Clynes, who violently purged the party of enemies and rapidly emerged as dictator of the British Union. Clynes would lead the British Union into a period of mass industrialization across all affiliate republics, and helped lead Britain in World War Two.
Following World War II, a rejuvenated British Union, led by Clement Attlee following Clynes' 1949 death, set about competing with Germany - its former ally - for global supremacy, but by the late 1970's found that its policy of "policing the world" was no longer competitive and that such a large empire was unmanageable in a modern state, unlike the Germans who focused on economic inclusiveness with ally states and centralizing their own government on the European continent. Despite competing throughout the latter half of the 20th century for global supremacy, unrest abroad and weak economic conditions at home in the 1980's eventually caused the collapse of the British Bloc "under its own gargantuan weight" - resulting in the withdrawal from the British Commonwealth of Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa under peaceful means and more violent uprisings in Ireland, India, East Africa and the Middle East.
|
<urn:uuid:27e05ce6-9166-4b38-b423-28b5cdd3bab2>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://althistory.wikia.com/wiki/British_Union_(Cinco_De_Mayo)
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720845.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00085-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.973134
| 464
| 3.375
| 3
|
A SCIF can be yours…if the wallpaper is right.
According to PC Magazine, a SCIF (Sensitive Compartment Information Facility) is a secure area where classified information can be discussed and handled. A SCIF is built to prevent information from leaking, being intercepted and compromised.
Now, your business or home office can have its own SCIF-type protection without the use of more expensive Faraday cage electromagnetic mesh (e.g. chain-link) conductive shielding or Japanese anti-Wi-Fi paint that blocks all frequencies.
BusinessWeek (31 January 2013) reports on a new wallpaper called MetaPaper that blocks Wi-Fi signals and helps “improve data security and network speeds.”
The Wi-Fi shielding wallpaper is developed by the French pulp and paper institute, Center Technique du Papier (CTP).
MetaPaper is a snowflake pattern wallpaper “printed in conductive metallic ink” that “blocks Wi-Fi signals, while still allowing FM radio and emergency frequencies to pass through.”
Its filtering is 99% effective (which may not be good enough for handling state secrets, but could be terrific for safeguarding most information) and sells for $12 per square meter.
Aside from information security, additional benefits of MetaPaper is to protect people’s health in terms of attenuating electromagnetic waves that cause genetic damage and cancer as well as socially to create quiet space, Wi-Fi free zones, such as in hospitals and movie theaters.
Here is a link to a presentation on MetaPaper’s development and benefits. 😉
|
<urn:uuid:41be7768-af40-478e-a6e7-05ae0bab1af4>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://andyblumenthal.wordpress.com/category/jamming/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.93071
| 328
| 2.015625
| 2
|
On October 1, 1964, the world‘s first high speed train, the Tōkaidō Shinkansen started operation between Tokyo and Osaka. With more than 400,000 passengers per working day, it is considered to be the world’s busiest high-speed line. The Origin of the Tōkaidō Shinkansen Even though construction work started in 1959, the plans for the high speed train were made in the 1940s. It was planned to achieve a maximum speed of 150 km/h…Read more
You are here: Home › Post Tagged with: "train"
|
<urn:uuid:edd69755-1414-4af5-bb7b-0c0e45b0d923>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
http://scihi.org/tag/train/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00268.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.960553
| 124
| 2.5625
| 3
|
Everyone has a list that they bring to the store. Everything seems to be in place for it. You gather a few things, head towards your truck plus then towards the direction of the shop. As soon as you step foot into the store you are blasted with super cold air. Obviously, their air conditioning must be set way too much. Heading down the aisles, picking up the necessary items plus then turning towards the checkout line all seems more of a stressor with heavy AC. Why do shops do this with the air conditioning unit? They could simply set the cooling method just a little chillier than outside. That would legitimately save a lot of dough for them and being easier on the AC tech. If the whole store had veggies or fruit items, the AC would make sense. But, why is the tortilla aisle and canned goods getting heavy AC? Really what would make the most sense is grocery stores using Heating, Ventilation, and A/C zone control. Cooling could be with the fruits and veggies. This keeps everything fresh. All the other breads, snacks and cookies should be at the other end of the store and getting heating. It would be way nicer for the clients and would save the store some dough doing so. Zone control is not strenuous to have either, and just get a ductless mini split or heat pump with a few indoor air handlers and temperature control devices. Then you are set to go. The dough is saved, people are more comfortable and the store is the right degree.
|
<urn:uuid:a9cd27a6-bf23-4afd-bd29-4f1a436aab8e>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
http://occupancyheatingsystems.com/?p=1332
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00479.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.965168
| 309
| 1.539063
| 2
|
Unemployment remained at 6.7 percent of the workforce in the Capital Region in October, unchanged from year-earlier levels. This was despite a gain of 2,800 jobs in the private sector over the past year, according to figures from the state Department of Labor.
While the private sector was growing, government continued to contract, shedding 4,700 jobs over the past year. State government employment fell by 3,700 jobs.
The picture is expected to get worse, with hundreds of additional layoffs planned by state government before the end of the calendar year.
The 6.7 percent unemployment rate is a 10-year high for the Capital Region.
In the metropolitan area, unemployment was highest in Schoharie County, at 7.6 percent, followed by Schenectady County at 7.1 percent, Rensselaer County at 6.9 percent, and Albany County at 6.6 percent. Saratoga County’s 6.1 percent was the lowest in the five-county metro.
Among the region’s so-called job super-sectors, only government and the trade, transportation and utilities category, which includes retailers, showed declines over the year. All other sectors grew, with professional and business services showing the biggest gain, adding 2,500 jobs. That category includes science and technology jobs.
|
<urn:uuid:d7b33d1a-f3d8-4cc4-9bfe-c18404a8996d>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://blog.timesunion.com/business/government-job-losses-erase-private-sector-gains-in-region/21843/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00336-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.95902
| 275
| 1.664063
| 2
|
The pcpurifier.com pop-ups should not be underestimated, because the reason for their appearance on your computer is penetration an adware into the system. It can bring a security risk to your personal computer. So, do not ignore it! Of course, the pcpurifier.com is just a site, but the adware uses it to display intrusive and annoying advertisements, even without your permission and desire to see it. The display advertising can be just the beginning, because your PC system is hijacked by malicious software, so the amount of advertising in the future may increase. Its appearance will prevent you normally browse the web-sites, and more, can lead to crash the browser.
The ad supported software can change the settings of the Internet Explorer, Chrome, Firefox and Microsoft Edge, but often that a dangerous software like this can also infect all types of web-browsers by changing their desktop shortcuts. Thus forcing the user each time start the internet browser to see pcpurifier.com unwanted advertisements.
The ad supported software may insert a huge number of advertising directly to the web sites that you visit, creating a sense that the advertisements has been added by the creators of the web site. Moreover, a legal advertisements may be replaced on the fake advertisements, that will offer to download and install various unnecessary and harmful programs. Moreover, the ad supported software has the ability to collect a tons of personal information about you (your ip address, what is a web page you are viewing now, what you are looking for on the Internet, which links you are clicking), which can later transfer to third parties.
We suggest you to remove ad supported software and clean your PC system from pcpurifier.com advertisements as quickly as possible, until the presence of the ad supported software has not led to even worse consequences. You need to follow the instructions below that will allow you to completely delete the redirect to pcpurifier.com unwanted web-site, using only the built-in Windows features and a few of specialized free tools.
How does pcpurifier.com advertising get installed onto personal computer
Probably, the adware get installed onto your PC system when you have installed a free programs like E-Mail checker, PDF creator, video codec, etc. Because, most commonly the ad supported software is bundled within the installation packages from Softonic, Cnet, Soft32, Brothersoft or other similar web pages. Even removing the program that contains an adware, does not help you remove the pcpurifier.com advertisements. Therefore, you must follow the step-by-step guide below to remove all unwanted advertisements.
How to manually remove pcpurifier.com
This useful removal guide for the pcpurifier.com . The detailed procedure can be followed by anyone as it really does take you step-by-step. If you follow this process to delete pcpurifier.com ads let us know how you managed by sending us your comments please.
- Remove suspicious and unknown software by using Windows Control Panel
- Disinfect the browser’s shortcuts to remove pcpurifier.com redirect
- Get rid of pcpurifier.com pop-up ads from Chrome
- Remove pcpurifier.com ads from Mozilla Firefox
- Remove pcpurifier.com advertisements from Internet Explorer
Remove suspicious and unknown software by using Windows Control Panel
The best way to begin the personal computer cleanup is to delete unknown and suspicious software. Using the Windows Control Panel you can do this quickly and easily. This step, in spite of its simplicity, should not be ignored, for one simple reason, many free applications at its installation additionally set various unneeded applications that most often generate unwanted ads and redirect your internet browser to pcpurifier.com web-page. So, delete the unneeded programs may cleanup your web-browser from popups, hijackers and so on.
- If you are using Windows 8, 8.1 or 10 then press Windows key, click Search. Type “Control panel”and press Enter.
- If you are using Windows XP, Vista, 7, then press “Start” button and click “Control Panel”.
- It will open the Windows Control Panel.
- Click “Uninstall a program” under Programs category.
- You will see a list of all installed programs.
- Scroll through the all list, and remove suspicious and unknown programs. To quickly find the latest installed applications, we recommend sort programs by date.
See more details in the video instructions below.
Disinfect the browser’s shortcuts to remove pcpurifier.com redirect
Now you need to clean up the internet browser shortcuts. Check that the shortcut referring to the right exe-file of the browser, and not on any unknown file. Right click to a desktop shortcut for your web-browser. Choose the “Properties” option.
It will open the Properties window. Select the “Shortcut” tab here, after that, look at the “Target” field. The adware can replace it. If you are seeing something like “…exe http://pcpurifier.com” then you need to remove “http…” and leave only, depending on the web-browser you are using:
- Google Chrome: chrome.exe
- Opera: opera.exe
- Firefox: firefox.exe
Look at the example on the screen below. Once is done, press the “OK” button to save the changes. Please repeat this step for web-browser shortcuts which redirects to an unwanted web-sites. When you have completed, go to next step.
Get rid of pcpurifier.com pop-up ads from Chrome
Like other modern browsers, the Chrome has the ability to reset the settings to their default values and thus remove the redirect to pcpurifier.com annoying advertising which is caused by the adware.
Start the Chrome. Click on the button in the form of three horizontal stripes (). It will appear the main menu. Click on the option named “Settings”. Another way to open the Google Chrome’s settings – type chrome://settings in the web-browser adress bar and press Enter. The internet browser will display the settings screen. Scroll down to the bottom of the page and click on the “Show advanced settings” link. Now scroll down until the “Reset settings” section is visible, as shown below and click on the “Reset settings” button. The Google Chrome will show the confirmation dialog box. You need to confirm your action. Press on the “Reset” button. The program will start the process of cleaning and when it is finished, the web-browser settings including the ‘block pop-ups’ option back to the values that have been when the Chrome was first installed on your personal computer.
Remove pcpurifier.com ads from Mozilla Firefox
Open the Firefox menu by clicking on the button in the form of three horizontal stripes (). It opens the drop-down menu. Click on the Help button (). In the Help menu click on the “Troubleshooting Information”. In the upper-right corner of the “Troubleshooting Information” page click on “Refresh Firefox” button. Confirm your action. Click on the “Refresh Firefox”.
Remove pcpurifier.com advertisements from Internet Explorer
Run Internet Explorer, press . Click “Internet Options” as shown below. In the “Internet Options” screen select the Advanced tab. Next press Reset button. The IE will show the Reset Internet Explorer settings prompt. Select the “Delete personal settings” check box and press Reset button. You will now need to restart your PC for the changes to take effect. It will restore the Internet Explorer’s settings to default state, disable ad-supported browser’s extensions and remove the redirect to the pcpurifier.com unwanted web-page.
How to delete pcpurifier.com with Antimalware
Remove pcpurifier.com ads manually is difficult and often the ad supported software is not completely removed. Therefore, we recommend you to use the MalwareBytes Anti-malware Free that are completely clean your personal computer. Moreover, the free software will help you to get rid of malware, web-browser hijacker and toolbars that your system may be infected too.
- Download MalwareBytes Anti-malware (MBAM) from the link below. Malwarebytes Anti-malware
Category: Security tools
Update: December 21, 2016
- Close all programs and windows on your computer. Open a directory in which you saved it. Double-click on the icon that named mbam-setup.
- Click Next and follow the prompts.
- Once installation is complete, click on the “Scan Now” button to start scanning your computer for the ad supported software which redirects your browser to the pcpurifier.com annoying web-page. This procedure can take some time, so please be patient.
- When the scan is finished, make sure all entries have “checkmark” and click “Remove Selected”. Once disinfection is completed, you may be prompted to Restart.
Block pcpurifier.com and other similar malicious sites
To increase your security and protect your personal computer against new annoying advertisements and malicious web pages, you need to use an application that blocks access to dangerous advertising and web-sites. Moreover, the software can block the display of intrusive advertising, which also leads to faster loading of web-pages and reduce the consumption of web traffic.
Download AdGuard program using the following link.
Author: © Adguard
Category: Security tools
Update: August 16, 2016
After the download is complete, run the downloaded file. You will see the “Setup Wizard” screen as shown below.
Follow the prompts. After installation is complete, you will see a window as shown in the figure below.
You can click “Skip” to close the installation program and use the default settings, or press “Get Started” button to see an quick tutorial that will help you get to know AdGuard better.
In most cases, the default settings are enough and you do not need to change anything. Each time, when you start your PC, AdGuard will run automatically and block pop-up ads, sites such pcpurifier.com, as well as other malicious or misleading sites. For an overview of all the features of the program, or to change its settings you can simply double-click on the icon AdGuard, which is located on your desktop.
Remove pcpurifier.com ads and malicious extensions with AdwCleaner.
If MalwareBytes Anti-malware cannot remove the unwanted pcpurifier.com advertising within the Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer, Google Chrome and Microsoft Edge, then we suggests to use the AdwCleaner. AdwCleaner is a free removal tool for adware, browser hijackers, PUPs, toolbars. Also you can ask for help our Myantispyware team below.
Download AdwCleaner from the link below.
Category: Security tools
Update: January 8, 2017
Once finished, open a directory in which you saved it. You will see a icon like below.
Double click the AdwCleaner desktop icon. Once this tool is started, you will see a screen like below.
Press “Start” button to perform a system scan for malicious extensions and the adware which displays the advertisements from pcpurifier.com web page. Once AdwCleaner has finished, it will open a scan report as shown below.
Review the report and then click “Cleaning” button. It will display a prompt.
Click “OK”. When the cleaning process is finished, AdwCleaner may ask you to reboot your computer.
When your computer is started, you will see an AdwCleaner log.
How to ask for help the Myantispyware team
If you are seeking a help for pcpurifier.com ads removal then follow these steps.
- Download HijackThis from the link below and save it to your Desktop. HijackThis download
Category: Security tools
Update: November 7, 2015
- Double-click on the HijackThis icon, and click the button labeled “Do a system scan only”.
- Once the scan is complete, the scan button will read “Save log”, click it. Save this log to your desktop
- Copy and paste the contents of the HijackThis log into your post. If you are posting for the first time, please start a new thread by using the “New Topic” button in the Spyware Removal forum. When posting your HJT log, try to give us some details about your problems, so we can try to help you more accurately.
- Wait for one of our trained “Security Team” or Site Administrator to provide you with knowledgeable assistance tailored to your problem with the redirect to the unwanted pcpurifier.com ads.
Create a Myantispyware account here. Once you’ve registered, check your e-mail for a confirmation link, and confirm your account. After that, login.
|
<urn:uuid:06ba2e93-7749-4101-b25b-0c8c6463c438>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.myantispyware.com/2016/11/10/how-to-remove-pcpurifier-com-popups-from-your-browser/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00492-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.857872
| 2,811
| 1.507813
| 2
|
Activities for children
This is an award-winning visitor attraction and ceramic painting studio, Providing children’s activities, you will have lots of fun with us – whatever the occasion.
The first Tree Top Adventure in Scotland and what an impact it’s made. Stunning scenery of the surrounding Queen Elizabeth Forest Park in Aberfoyle gives the course a jaw-dropping backdrop and makes for a great day out.. Arguably, the course’s main attraction are two of Britain’s longest zip wires, each stretching over 400m long, flying customers 150 feet above the ground and over a 90 foot waterfall.
“Go Ape: With the longest zip wires and 30 Tree Top crossings Aberfoyle is one of Go Ape’s most popular courses. We have arranged a 10% discount on Go Ape for all our Guests, to get your discount click on their logo and fill out the form on their page”.
Whatever the weather you’ll find plenty to see and do, with activities for all ages indoors and out with covered walkways to keep you dry round the main pens. We’ve 70 different species of animal, each with its own particular charm. We are open all year round from 10am till dusk.
Outdoor activities include Jumping Pillows, Tractor Go Karts, Cable Ride, Outdoor Play structures, Mini Diggers, Tyre Maze, Sand Pits, Football Skills Game……and Animal Paddocks. Busy Bees craft area. Indoor Activities include a “Busy Bees” craft area are offering ‘decopatch’ with a selection of animals, letters and larger items to ‘decopatch’ and take home all at different prices to suit all ages. Also sand art is a fun way to create a picture with no mess that the children can take home. Added to all this there are animal paddocks with Donkeys and Highland Cows and barns with Hens and a selection of ‘small furries’.
Climb aboard the Land Rover with your Safari Ranger and get close to nature, culture, history and to discover tracks, trails and views. Durations from 1 1/2 – 4 hours. Also offering cycle or walking Safaris to feed and photograph Red Deer. Then there are rough terrain Land Rover driving experiences.
A unique, award-winning living history museum and interesting place to take the family and celebrates its 20th year of being open to the public in 2017.
You will learn all about Crannogs which are a type of ancient loch dwelling found throughout Scotland and Ireland that date from 5,000 years ago! The focal point at the Centre is an amazing reconstruction of an early Iron Age loch dwelling based on excavations from the 2,500 year old site of Oakbank Crannog, one of the 18 lochs preserved in Loch Tay.
The Centre features and exhibition including some of the Iron Age artefacts excavated at Oakbank Crannog such as structural timbers kept in wet tanks. Children can dress-up in Iron Age costume for their tour, be an archaeologist looking unearthed treasure in the sand pit and try the ancient crafts and technologies.
All visits to the Centre include a self-guided walk through of the exhibition, guided-tours in the Crannog Roundhouse and demonstrations of ancient crafts and technologies – following which you are invited to have a go yourself !
From our wildlife reserves to our adventure park and attractions, there is fun for all the family and a great value day out at Blair Drummond. Our wildlife reserve is full of all sorts of exotic and exciting animals for you to see. Take a boat trip around Chimp Island.— come and see the Sea Lion perform at 12 noon, 1.30pm, 3pm, and 4.30pm —or the Bird of Prey flying demonstration 12.45pm, 2.15pm and 3.45pm.—or how about climb to the top of our wooden castle and get a bird’s eye view of the park. Then use the slides to get back to the bottom. Try not to get too lost in the maze found at the bottom of the castle.
We are based on Loch Tay in one of the most beautiful areas in Scotland and we want to make it as easy, fun and safe as possible for people to get out on the water. Taymouth Marina provides a range of watersport activities that you can enjoy with your family and friends. www.taymouthmarina.com/leisure/watersports
“Legend sailing” The water sport centre which is based at Milton Morenish some 3 miles east of Killin on the A827.
Locally there are such things as
Boats for exploring Loch Tay may be hired at Milton Morenish
Killin Outdoor Centre provides Canoe hire and canoes / kayak to purchase within a few yards of access to the river. The River Lochay provides a quiet route to Loch Tay and its islands Classic section is Loch Tay – 17 miles with fabulous scenery north and south
All the above are withn an hours drive of Bridge Park holiday cottage
in one of the most beautiful parts of Scotland.
|
<urn:uuid:ba1bd68e-43df-4af7-bdcc-261dbe7e0798>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://bridgeparkcottage.co.uk/children/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00667.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.930168
| 1,090
| 1.859375
| 2
|
Published in 1787, this is a piece composed for 2 violins, viola, cello; movement III is a minuet/trio.
The minuet (or "menuetto") is in the key of G and is composed of two eight-bar phrases which are both repeated. Each phrase ends in a perfect authentic cadence, and the last four measures of each phrase are identical excepting the staccato markings in the fifth and sixth measures of the second phrase. The first eight measures are more rhythmically based on the quarter note with some eighth notes and two trills (both violins participate). The second eight measures begin with the two violins at octaves from each other on a run of eighth notes punctuated only by three simultaneous quarter notes on the part of the viola and cello until measure 12 where the viola joins in the eighth notes and a crescendo leads back to the repitition of material and cadence. The first eight measures are in forte, the second half of the second eight measure phrase is in piano--the violins always commencing ahead of the viola and cello--and then returns to forte with the return of the material from the first phrase. The texture is relatively integrated, but the melody is held jointly (in octaves-register) by the two violins.
The trio section is in D, the dominant key, and is also made of two repeating sections, though the first is eight measures in duration while the other is twelve. The first eight measures end in another perfect authentic cadence, while the first four measures of the second section arrive at a half cadence that leads directly--punctuated by a decrescendo to the original piano dynamic at the start of the trio--into another eight measures of almost the same material in the first section of the trio excepting an additional g natural in measure 28 and an additional a sharp in measure 29. These last eight measures, naturally also end in a perfect authentic cadence with a note to return to the minuet section ("menuetto da capo"). Unlike in the minuet, the first violin takes the melody while the second violin and viola act jointly together in almost continuous eighth notes, filling in the harmonic layers and adding movement to the melody. The cello again continues its role as the bass. In fact, it is even less active in the trio and often consists of merely a staccato octave leap on the first two beats (in quarter notes) and then nothing else. This however serves to punctuate the continuous flow of the upper voices. Besides also containing many eighth notes, the first violin has a small rhythmic motive of a dotted quarter and three eighths. The first eight measures are at piano dynamics and there is an abrupt change to forte after the PAC in measure 24, and then returns in measure 29 to piano.
The meter stays in 3/4 throughout both sections, and the registers of the instruments remain relatively stable. All instruments continue througout the entire movement, with the cello functioning as a base, the two violins with the bulk of the melody, and the viola sometimes following the role of the cello and sometimes the role of the second violin. Therefore, the timbre and density are constant. The tempo is allegretto and remains constant as well.
|
<urn:uuid:6fadecdc-4e25-4acc-8714-e96ecf215669>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://depauwform.blogspot.com/2005/02/mozart-eine-kleine-nachtmusik-iii.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00063-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.959063
| 692
| 2.4375
| 2
|
(Excerpts and commentary on a Yogi Bhajan lecture by Guruka Singh, from Marriage on the Spiritual Path)
In the House of Nanak, the life of the householder is the highest spiritual path. Through creative union, couples function in the sixth sense, which unites them beyond time and space. This process of amalgamation between couples is real, and it must succeed now and forever.
Yogi Bhajan teaches us that there is nothing in sex and without sex there is nothing. This seems at first not to make any sense. Like many of Yogi Bhajan's teachings, it is a purposely provocative statement. Let's take a closer look and try to understand what he is getting at.
In a yogic marriage, sexual communion becomes an instrument to raise your consciousness and take you to divinity. According to Webster, "communion" means "sharing, exchanging, common possession, and spiritual union." Sexual communion is consciously, willingly, blending with your partner in a pure sexual merging that is a spiritual act. Two become one in the sense that each represents the other, each can speak for the other, each lives for the other, and each stands for the other. It is a bonding that exists beyond this physical world, and it is a bonding that is eternal.
Sex has everything in it when it is performed consciously by two people as an act of merging the physical, mental, and soul bodies together. Then those two bodies become one simple unit. At that moment, nothing stands between those two. This pure merging causes those individuals to become one with everything. It is without ego.
If one can know that two can amalgamate to the oneness, then one can know the secret of oneness. By knowing the secret of oneness, one can be one with the One universal existence. Sexual communion is that divine. If you allow your ego to become involved, the experience is lost. For example, if a woman thinks, "I have to have intercourse with him because he gave me a necklace (or he brought me flowers)," then it becomes a business of selling character values for benefits. Sexual communion is a willingness in which two identities want to amalgamate. The amalgamation of two egos brings out a neutral, new personality.
In the scriptures it is written:
"They are not said to be husband and wife who merely sit together.
Rather they alone are called husband and wife, who have two bodies and one soul."
Understand that when you make an alloy you take two elements and put them together. The alloy cannot be separated. That is what love is, that is what marriage is, that is what life is, and that is what good luck is. When a male and a female merge together, it is a pure act in spiritual unison. It prepares them to merge consciously into the infinity on that day when they depart from this earthly world.
Sexual energy is a powerful, vital energy that is continually generated within the human body. It offers a vehicle for fulfilling a divine destiny, and therefore requires the most reverent mental, physical, and emotional preparation. During the merging of two, feelings are aroused to the point of worship. Shakti (feminine energy) worships the Shiva (male energy), and Shiva melts like the early morning nectar into her. Then there is a unity.
The act of sex is very powerful, very energetic, encouraging, inspiring, and it widens the consciousness. It does everything right when it is done with the right intention, the right environment, the right circumstances, and with the right person. But when these things are not right, then it can create psychological problems, bring out childhood traumas, and lead to guilt, insecurities, anger, and fear.
When sexual behavior is selfish, it becomes nothing but a tragedy. When one's life is motivated by unconscious sexual feelings, when one is unaware of the consequences of thoughts and behavior on the self or others, when one creates a world based on selfish sexual actions (lust), attachments, or perversions, then there is nothing that is good or real. Such behavior becomes destructive to the self and others. Sexual union is a vehicle that can create an evolution of energy unto heights of ecstasy. But when it is wrongly performed in abuse or obligation, or is misused, it can be detrimental to the same being; so in both ways, it is an energy.
This is a very tricky subject. Nobody can afford to be lustful and as such dis connected from the needs and joys of the partner. But everyone must love. Without love, you can never find your life, and with lust you can never enjoy life. Yogi Bhajan says: "Sexual communion cannot happen until a woman knows her divinity and manifests the faculties of the moon as the man manifests the faculties of the sun. Then a couple can understand and appreciate the waning and waxing of each other.
What happens otherwise in unconscious sex is an unfulfilling, draining, and mechanized exercise. You put a lot of coal on the fire, you create a lot of steam, the locomotive moves, it creates the sound, and then there is a release. That is the end of the situation. It is a purely physical act, and this leaves the couple drained of their energy.
"Sexual communion takes you beyond the five physical senses, into the sixth sense, which is the total amalgamation of your five senses at a higher frequency. We call it the 'sixth sense' or the 'sex sense.' The human body can emit a sexual scent that can affect any person. Once a woman becomes attracted by the scent of a man, she may contain the man in her psyche, and there is no power on this earth that can separate them. The human scent is very powerful.
"The sixth sense is completely intuitive. Each one feels the other. Sexual energy between couples travels in a circle from a woman's Third Eye, or sixth chakra, over to a man's sixth chakra, then down to his second chakra, over to the woman's second chakra, and then back up to her sixth chakra. Sexual energy travels in this cyclical motion, which is controlled by the woman.
“A man has to understand that a woman has all of her sexual organs internally, while a man's are external. It is a within and without situation. Her entire mechanism is inside. A man's entire mechanism is outside. So he must learn to play more to bring her out. That is fair sex. Otherwise, it is unfair sex. It is also 'ladies first,' meaning ladies should reach their tidings (climaxes) first.
"You must understand that in life there is nothing but energy. Matter is a form of energy. Matter cannot be destroyed, nor can it be created. It can only be changed. So your physical body has energy that can be transformed into matter, or matter in your body can be transformed into energy. During sexual intercourse you play out this energy exchange.
“There are many kinds of physical intercourse i.e. intercourse through verbal dialogue with the tongue, intercourse through seeing with the eyes, intercourse through listening with the ears. But the question is, 'Does the couple consciously understand the frequency of communication and the flow of energy?' Until a couple consciously moves the energy with the sixth chakra in unison with the second chakra, they do not know sex at all."
When sex is only a physical impulse, it does not encompass the entire experience because the couple does not exchange the energy of each other's psyche, which connects the electromagnetic (energy) fields and produces the experience of one soul in two bodies. This exchange can bring happiness, better communication between the couple, and the amalgamation of two psyches in which neither is an individual. As Yogi Bhajan explains:
"Couples can have sex and produce children, and they can have a sexual release, but that release brings only temporary satisfaction. We call it ‘rupture sex,’ i.e. sex for the sake of sex. Lay your number, lay her up, and go away. This makes a man non-communicative, and any guilt derived from the act can also make a man unproductive. It is a serious handicap for males and females in this society.
"Let us take an example. Suppose a boy starts when he is just 13 or 14, scattering his seed among as many girls as possible. Then he marries when he is 26. So by that time for 12 years he has been following this behavior, and it has become habit. He may want to change, but it is almost impossible. Here in the West, girls come from the same training school. Both have been trained to have quick sex and depart. For years men in the West have been trained to be selfish, and then later on in marriage they are supposed to become very homogeneous and cooperative.
"Realistically, people go right on behaving as they were trained. ‘You know, she has the habit of sleeping with Joe, and she has been with Robert and Henry...' up to 11 or 12 people. Her psyche carries an imprint on her aura of each man she has been with, and this makes it difficult for her to concentrate at all.
"And he also has the habit to be with 32 girls so he is going through his mental movie. Both are in their mental movies and neither knows how to be for the other, or to feel the other, or live for the other. These old habits are some of the main causes of every known trouble in the sexual life in this country.
"We usually act as the by-products of circumstances, environments, and actions that constitute the habits that make up our behavior. Habits are embedded in the subconscious, and on the average our subconscious guides about 60% of our actions. Prejudice and bias guide about 25% of our actions, and only 15% of our behavior is conscious. Our sexual failures, our social failures, our family failures, our individual failures, and our human failures are failures because this is how we have been trained.
"We can look to an alternative training. In the yogic scriptures life has been divided into four phases or 'ashrams.' First is 25 years of celibacy when a man may retain within himself all the semen for growth and knowledge. After 25 years of age, man and woman may marry and have children, up to 50 years old. From 50 to 75 years, one may travel the Earth with his or her partner, sharing teachings and wisdom from experiences in life, re-establishing contacts from youth, and inspiring people to become healthy, happy, and holy. From 75 to 100, one may sit and meditate and wait for the call to quit. This is how 100 years of life have been divided in the normal prosperous growth of a human being.
"If somewhere within a human, the ego gives up and the will of the Infinite prevails, then one can become healthy, happy, and holy and consistently experience a sacred sexual life. Every human being has a choice and the power to change.
"These days many marriages are dissolved between the age of 36 and 45. That is a period when marriage has become boredom, and everybody wants to look to new values. You must be aware that nobody looks to new values, and there is no such thing as boredom."
Marriage is an institution that cannot get boring because it is a continuous battle against time and space. How can a thing become boring when you have to exert every minute of your life to keep going?
© The Teachings of Yogi Bhajan
|
<urn:uuid:e8fdfddb-93ce-4bd9-a06a-635607397deb>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
https://www.3ho.org/3ho-lifestyle/aquarian-age/sensory-human/yogi-bhajan-lecture-there-nothing-sex-and-without-sex-there
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988725470.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183845-00076-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.96499
| 2,403
| 1.515625
| 2
|
The Mosque-Madrassa of Sultan Hassan (Arabic: مسجد ومدرسة السلطان حسن) is a huge Mamluk period mosque and madrassa situated in Cairo, Egypt, near the Citadel. This building blends power and splendor, grace, and elegance, as well as a number of decorations. The main northern façade, which stretches to around 145 m in length and reaches a height of 38 m, is one of the most prominent features of the house. It was built during the Bahri Mamluk period, commissioned by Sultan An-Nasir Hasan, between 1356 and 1363. For its large scale and revolutionary architectural elements, the mosque was considered remarkable and is still considered one of the most impressive historic monuments in Cairo today.
In a prominent location below the Citadel, towards which the monumental portal is oriented, the free-standing complex, which had a monumental domed mausoleum flanking minarets, only one of which remains, is located. All the duration of the façade is occupied by the muqarnas-hood portal. The façade consists of a series of decorations in stone and marble and ends with a magnificent and elegant cornice at the apex, consisting of nine levels of minute muqarnas that resemble a honeycomb. The tallness of the outside dividers and the plan of the windows give the veneers an emphatically vertical accentuation. At the hour of development, the mosque was viewed as exceptional for its awesome size and creative design segments.
The Mosque-Madrassa Of Sultan Hassan
At the age of 13, in 748 AH/1347 CE, Sultan al-Nasir Hasan (full name: An-Nasir Badr ad-Din Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Qalawun) ascended the throne. The building of the mosque is considered all the more noteworthy as it coincided with the destruction caused by the Black Plague, which frequently hit Cairo from the mid-14th century onwards. Its construction began in 1356 CE (757 AH) and work proceeded for three years “without even a single day of idleness”. The façade of this mosque includes a towering portal, considered one of Egypt’s most imposing entrances to an Islamic building. The portal is distinguished by an arched ceiling decorated with a superb array of muqarnas tiers, which is a semi-dome. It is also assumed that limestone from the Giza Pyramids was extracted for use in the building of the mosque.
Two minarets, the older being the 81,60 m tall southern minaret, top the building’s eastern façade. In the manner of Mamluk minarets, both minarets consist of a square base followed by two octagonal stories. In the 20th century, the minarets were rebuilt. The madrasas’ four iwan layout occupies the middle of the plan, with a fountain of ablutions in the middle of the courtyard and the four madrasas located in the plan’s corners. In 1659, the northern minaret connected to the tomb fallen. In 1671-1672, the minaret was supplanted with a little one, with a somewhat unique structure, and at the same time, the first wooden arch of the catacomb was supplanted with the current vault, additionally in an alternate shape from the first.
Inside view at the Mosque-Madrassa Of Sultan Hassan
The qibla iwan is considerably larger than the other three, which in size and scale are all monumental. It is geared towards Mecca, which is to the southeast of Cairo, like all the mosques. With a surface area of 7,906 sq m, the floor plan of the building is polygonal; the longest side is 150 m in length, and the shortest is 68 m. The building is built of stone and consists of an open central courtyard in the center of which is a fountain for ablutions. The construction was inspired by the madrasa building phenomenon, where the aim was to teach religion according to the Sunni law schools, delving deeply into the understanding and teaching of Islam.
Moreover, two additional minarets were initially expected to remain over the amazing entrance of the mosque, particularly like in the design of Mongol Ilkhanid and Anatolian Seljuk madrasas and mosques around a similar period, which were in all likelihood a motivation. As opposed to coordinating the understudies’ cells into the focal space, the cells were masterminded along the street facades and their windows contain a necessary aspect of the engineering of the facades. However, one of those minarets toppled and killed about 300 people during construction in 1361, including children in the primary school below. The builders abandoned their work after this, leaving only the two minarets next to the mausoleum we see today.
The vestibule chamber, with dome and muqarnas vaulting, as well as ablaq stonework.
When Sultan Hasan died in AH 762 / AD 1361, with the exception of some additional works done by Bashir al-Jamdar, the building was almost complete. These works included the execution of the covering of the marble wall and the marble floors, the dome of the courtyard fountain (completed in AH 766 / AD 1364), and the two wide door leave belonging to the copper doors that can now be found in al-Mu’ayyad Sheikh’s mosque. The original bronze-covered entrance doors were forcefully purchased in the early 15th century by Sultan Mu’ayyad for use in his own mosque at a modest price, and can still be seen there today.
|
<urn:uuid:ad373a65-7872-4bfb-ab4a-01eb83657ab1>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://assignmentpaper.com/mosque-madrassa-of-sultan-hassan/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00078.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.965092
| 1,207
| 2.75
| 3
|
Appointing three Supreme Court justices will likely be President Trump’s most important achievement, and Judge Amy Coney Barrett may well be the most important of the three.
Why it matters: Barrett would transform the court’s internal politics, handicapping Chief Justice John Roberts and establishing a new center of gravity on the right. Her presence would force a whole new set of strategic calculations among the justices — and those calculations will shape the law of the land for a generation.
The big picture: When you hear that Barrett would usher in a more conservative court, that doesn’t necessarily mean she’ll be writing deeply conservative rulings on abortion or health care or any other hot-button issue. In fact, that’s unlikely to happen for a long time.
- If Barrett is confirmed, she would be the most junior justice, and the most junior justice rarely gets to write any blockbuster rulings.
- But behind the scenes, her confirmation would shake up the balance of power on the court dramatically.
Where it stands: Before Ruth Bader Ginsburg’s death, Roberts was the court’s ideological center, and firmly in control of the court.
- That meant conservatives usually won, but those wins were often tempered by Roberts' views about the court’s role in the political process and how best to maintain the public’s trust.
- Roberts sometimes sides with the court’s liberal wing not necessarily because he is liberal, but as a way to control how the court moves. He uses his power to ensure that it’s his hand on the wheel.
Roberts is about to lose some of that power. He’ll still be the chief justice, of course, but if Barrett is confirmed, the rest of the conservative bloc will be able to force his hand —and some of his most effective tactics to steer the pace and tenor of the court will become useless.
- Siding with the liberals as a way to slow down his conservative colleagues won’t work any more. Once the court has a 6-3 majority, one defection won’t swing the outcome.
- So, even in cases where Roberts fears his conservative colleagues are moving too fast or too aggressively, his only way to constrain them will be to vote with them, then write the ruling himself and try to keep it narrow.
- But it can’t be too narrow. If the other five can’t live with what Roberts has written, they can always break off and write their own, and that would become the majority opinion.
How it works: When the Supreme Court upheld the Affordable Care Act in 2012, Roberts reportedly wanted to strike down the law’s individual mandate, while leaving the rest intact. But the rest of the conservative justices wouldn’t go for that — they wanted to strike the whole thing.
- Then, Roberts had the power to defect to the liberals and uphold the entire law. If he were on a similar island within this new conservative majority, however, the whole ACA would be toast.
- Earlier this year, the rest of the court’s conservatives voted to overturn a recent precedent and uphold a set of abortion restrictions the court had previously struck down. Roberts, again, sided with the liberals to stop that from happening — a ruling that only served to slow conservatives’ roll, not to establish any new liberal precedent.
- Experts said that was likely a strategic decision borne out of Roberts’ views of how to protect the court’s public standing. If that case came before the court after Barrett’s confirmation, though, Roberts likely would have had to get on board the more conservative train to have any chance of slowing it down.
Trump’s other nominees haven’t had the same impact.
- Justice Neil Gorsuch replaced the late Antonin Scalia, which did not change the court’s ideological balance. When Justice Brett Kavanaugh replaced Anthony Kennedy, Roberts’ control over the court increased, because he became the only potential swing vote.
- But because Barrett would be replacing a staunch liberal, she’ll pull the ideological balance of the court to Roberts’ right and forge a conservative majority that can live without him.
|
<urn:uuid:61374a77-6f98-41cc-9335-ef5da92080cc>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.goodhumans.co/how-amy-coney-barrett-would-change-the-way-the-supreme-court-works-2648187806.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00065.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.950145
| 875
| 2.375
| 2
|
July 26, 2010
Icy Arctic Waters Facing Acidic Threat
The icy Arctic waters around Norway's archipelago of Svalbard are facing the threat of acidity.
The waters have always absorbed part of the carbon dioxide present in the air, making them acidic. However, the scientific community is getting worried about the acidification harming marine life with CO2 levels rising.At a tiny coal mine village turned scientific outpost just 745 miles from the North Pole, researchers from nine European countries conducted an unprecedented effort in July to analyze the phenomenon.
The researchers submerged nine tubes, each weighing two tons, in icy waters of the remote fjord framed by snow-capped mountains.
The team then injected the water-tight tubes to reproduce sea life under different acidity levels expected from now until 2150, hoping to study the potential disastrous effects of acidification on marine life.
"It's here in the Arctic that the ocean will become corrosive the fastest," Jean-Pierre Gattuso, with France's National Center for Scientific Research, told AFP news.
Gattuso said the threat to the world's oceans is not as much the absolute concentration of acidity, but rather the pace at which it is changing. He told AFP that "cold water swallows up gas faster than hot or temperate water."
The ocean absorbs over a quarter of CO2 emitted by humans, which is fortunate because this natural absorption mitigates the impact the gas has on the climate.
However, rising CO2 levels in the atmosphere are proving devastating to the oceans.
With no sign of CO2 emissions slowing, ocean acidification will most likely increase in the years to come.
Corals might have trouble shaping their skeletons, while shellfish could lose their shells.
Ulf Riebesell, a German oceanographer, told AFP that not all sea creatures were equal in their ability to adapt to their increasing acid environment.
"For micro-organisms which have generation times of a few days, adaptation may happen during the next 100 years or so as the ocean continues to acidify to critical levels," explained the researcher from the IFM-Geomar centre, braving glacial winds in a bright yellow padded windbreaker and a woolen hat.
However, Riebesell said that for organisms with long life spans, like corals, "adaptation is much less likely because they need toss many generations to change their genetic set-up."
Scientists warn about the current frantic increase of seawater acidity already causing serious problems for the pteropod.
The translucent mollusk could end up without a shell in the future because of an increasingly acid environment, said Jan Buedenbender, another German researcher from the IFM-Geomar institute.
He said this could have far-reaching consequences.
"They're a key species for the Arctic food system because they're feeding on very small particles and on phytoplankton, and they're getting quite big and really big animals like whales and birds and fish can feed on them," he told AFP.
They also are key contributors to fighting climate change because when they die they drag down all the CO2 ingested over its short lifespan with it.
By doing so "they're helping the ocean take up more CO2," Buedenbender said.
According to Iris Menn, a marine biologist with Greenpeace that shipped the giant test-tubes up to Svalbard, there is still a chance to save species like the pteropod.
She said that in order to make a difference, industrialized countries would have to slash their CO2 emissions by 40 percent by 2020.
"We can't stop the trend anyway. We will have a high level of acidity in the water no matter what," she told AFP.
"But what we can do is stop CO2 emissions, so the effect will be reduced."
On the Net:
|
<urn:uuid:b9b0cc17-85c8-4c25-9db1-c4500820ed73>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/1896142/icy_arctic_waters_facing_acidic_threat/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00026-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.952597
| 810
| 3.375
| 3
|
Confucius said "the whole is greater than the sum of the parts" or its modern version "one plus one equals two while one and one rarely make two". The sum of our resources is finite while the virtual data seems endless.
Michel Serres (French philosopher) and his contemporary guide “Petite Poucette” has a motto “Now, taking the world in hand” with his smartphone to communicate with connected networks while moving with his Geographic Information (or Intelligence) System (GIS) assisted by its GPS. Acronyms are so important in this world where distances tend to cancel each other more than to shorten, GIPSy seems suitable in this case. The "Petit Poucet" (Tom Thumb, the brother of Petite Poucette, the one who sows his small stones) is a GIPSy therefore, does not stop sowing small virtual stones (cookies) to mark its passage, in a digital world where reserves are depleted because resources are finished.
Indeed distances and borders disappear with the arrival of these new artificial networks called "social" or also designated as "Noosphere" which logically expand the notion of natural networks of the globe that the ancients grouped in their doctrine of the four elements ( Water, Earth, Fire and Air) and which the moderns designate by "biospheric" and "geospheric" systems.
A step has been taken with the digital revolution thanks to the contraction of our time space; communication distances are narrowing, 2D screens are more and more efficient in representing our 3D space in record time.
But this world is also in crisis, a crisis which is intrinsically anthropogenic as a disaster is natural. In the first case, this could be called progress (scientific and technical) in the other, the evolution of the earth and of life ("Biogée" dear to Michel Serres). The man is not central in this world, Galileo then Darwin teaches us that we have suffered disasters since the famous"Big-Bang" by successive crises. So is there another danger waiting for us, a possible digital crisis linked to a surplus of "Big-Data" in the "Big-Sphere"?
|
<urn:uuid:e294ccab-3296-4f88-8575-25c7e631e24f>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.publish0x.com/pass-fire/the-gipsy-virtual-world-le-monde-virtuel-gipsy-xylvqd
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00470.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.948776
| 455
| 2.40625
| 2
|
Legislation making it illegal to use Holocaust symbols, or the nickname “Nazi,” in a non-educational or historical context passed a preliminary vote following a raucous debate in the Knesset.
Opposition lawmakers lamented that the bills, proposed by MK Shimon Ohayon (Likud Beytenu) and MK Elazar Stern (Hatnua), constituted a violation of free speech.
According to the proposal, the use of Nazi or Holocaust symbols, calling someone “Nazi” or similar names or expressing hope that the Nazis’ plan will be completed will carry a NIS 100,000 fine and can be the subject of civil suits.
“I am the daughter of Holocaust survivors, but I call on everyone to vote against this bill,” MK Shelly Yacimovich (Labor) said. “This law would have put [philosopher] Yeshayahu Leibowitz in prison for six months.”
“Does the use of Holocaust concepts in Israel legitimize anti-Semitism? Do you not have any better bills to propose?” Yacimovich asked.
MK Yisrael Eichler (United Torah Judaism) said that the current text of the bill is “cheating” and seeks to prevent people from protesting.
“I respect the memory of the Holocaust no less than anyone else, but is this what the plenum is doing these days? This bill is an embarrassment.
Educate your children.
Not everything has to be passed as a law,” Shas chairman Arye Deri said.
Meretz chairwoman Zehava Gal-On called the bill “delusional and detached from reality,” asking what happened to the government’s judgment.
“You’ve gone crazy,” she said. “Week after week you’re trying to silence people and prevent free speech.”
Ohayon defended the bill, saying that when MKs talk to their counterparts in other countries to try to convince them to pass more laws against anti-Semitism, they cannot bring examples from Israel.
“What should we tell them? This is your fight in Europe, but we [in Israel] will be fine with an abstract debate?” Ohayon asked.
“Freedom of speech is not total; it’s relative. There is a new reality here, and neo-Nazi movements are rearing their heads. If we don’t try to stop them, we are not doing our job.”
|
<urn:uuid:217eec6b-e32f-4e47-85c2-d0d35b9433af>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.jpost.com/printarticle.aspx?id=338270
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00021-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.938758
| 542
| 1.796875
| 2
|
A duly designated executor of a will possesses a set of rights and duties. Through the exercise of these rights, an executor has the ability to carry out the directives of the will. An executor possesses these rights under the oversight of a probate court.
Other People Are Reading
An executor is the individual designated within a will to oversee all matters relating to the estate of a deceased individual. The appointment of the executor is approved by order of the probate court.
The rights of the executor of a will are derived from two sources. These rights are set forth within the will document itself. Laws, including the Uniform Probate Code, establish rights of the executor.
The net effect of the rights of an executor allow her to deal with the business and affairs of an estate in the manner directed by the deceased individual in his will.
A primary right of the executor of a will is to negotiate a settlement of all of the debts of the deceased individual, including those associated with her last illness.
An executor possesses the right to sell assets in a manner that he deems to be most beneficial to the estate and to the heirs named in the will. This includes the right to sell real estate (with approval of the court).
Once all of the debts of the estate are settled, the executor enjoys the right to distribute the proceeds of the estate to the heirs in a manner consistent with the directions in the will.
- 20 of the funniest online reviews ever
- 14 Biggest lies people tell in online dating sites
- Hilarious things Google thinks you're trying to search for
|
<urn:uuid:9635205f-36dd-4287-85af-ebdcc29d2a53>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.ehow.co.uk/facts_5577061_rights-executor.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00554-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.956031
| 332
| 2.828125
| 3
|
Most training programs on leading global teams tend to emphasize unique aspects of each culture. By this I mean they train on what you can do and can’t do or how you can act within the boundaries of proper behaviors in a particular culture. This is useful to understand a culture but not sufficient to actually work and lead people from that culture.
In my experience, the fundamental skills that make a successful project manager in your culture are the same skills that make you successful in leading teams from other cultures. These are a deep respect for people, minimizing uncertainty, maximizing autonomy, building connections, and being fair. These skills are universal and are the key to successful leadership whether you are managing people from your culture or from other cultures.
But I think there are 3 key ingredients that you will need as you learn to work with people from other cultures. Think of these as skills/mindsets we need more of when we lead globally:
A deep appreciation for diversity: No two brains are alike. A deep respect for the value that each person brings to a global project is mandatory and it can’t be faked. This deep respect will come across thru everything you say and do on the project. If it is not there, you will get compliance but not engagement.
A diagnosis mindset: You are not going to know the answer or the solution to every problem you will face on a global project. A diagnostic mindset will help you look at situations from a “researcher” lens to try to determine the factors at play so you can experiment with different solutions or interventions. You will try something and it may or may not work. You then diagnose the situation and see what else you can try. This is an iterative process.
Mindfulness: To be able to see situations from different lenses, you will need to pay attention and paying attention is not easy. Most of the time, we are operating on auto pilot. Being present and aware and in the moment is a must to be able to observe how you are thinking, feeling, and behaving and to do the same about the other people’s mental states. This is the input you need for your diagnostic mindset.
Knowing the proper etiquette for being a good guest of Southeast Asian host for example is helpful but it will not be enough to know how to lead people from that culture. With time and experience, leading with a deep appreciation for diversity, a diagnostic mindset, and mindfulness, will help us develop the resilience, agility, and stamina to learn how to navigate the complex and ever-changing landscape of global projects.
What has been your experience leading global projects? what works and what does not work on global projects?
I would love to hear your take on this topic.
|
<urn:uuid:ee9c41f5-e8be-4b8f-a48b-3afe4194224e>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.guerrillaprojectmanagement.com/leadership-skills-for-global-project-managers-1
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00050-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.946298
| 556
| 2.3125
| 2
|
A FALSE COMPARISON between terror deaths and bathtub deaths:
But Mueller's thesis fails to recognize is that a bathtub death is in most ways not equivalent in impact to a death caused by terrorists. The death of someone in a bathtub accident is obviously a terrible tragedy for that person's family and friends. But unlike a death caused by terrorism, a bathtub death has few, if any, political, economic, foreign policy, societal and constitutional ramifications. In other words, a spate of bathtub deaths might cause state and federal governments to seek stronger regulation of bathtub manufacturers, and the bathtub industry might be forced to design safety features whose cost might be passed on to the consumer. But that's about it.
Read the rest.
|
<urn:uuid:fd9e9d59-9a65-48a9-9eaa-172cc9db3ca2>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://barcepundit-english.blogspot.com/2011/09/false-comparison-between-terror-deaths.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00398-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.962446
| 152
| 1.664063
| 2
|
Evidence Mounts for Heart Benefits of Alcohol
Alarge new Spanish study has found that men who drink alcohol in almost any quantity are nearly one-third less likely to develop coronary heart disease (CHD). The results are also among the first to separate former drinkers from nondrinkers, thereby avoiding what skeptics of previous research dubbed the “sick quitters” error.
The findings, using data from the Spanish cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC), add to mounting evidence that alcohol consumption protects against heart disease. It’s not clear why drinking might be good for the heart, but experts have speculated that the mechanism might involve alcohol’s effects on clotting, insulin sensitivity, inflammation or HDL (“good”) cholesterol.
Alcohol consumption was also associated with a reduced risk of CHD among women in the Spanish study, but the results were not statistically significant. Researchers suggested this was due to the lower number of coronary events, such as heart attacks, among female participants.
Larraitz Arriola, PhD, of the Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, and colleagues analyzed data on 15,630 men and 25,808 women, ages 29 to 69, who completed a detailed questionnaire on their diet, drinking, lifestyle and medical history. Over an average followup period of 10 years, the men suffered 481 coronary events and the women experienced 128. Researchers adjusted for known risk factors for heart disease such as obesity and smoking.
In men, moderate, high and very high alcohol consumption were all associated with more than 30% lower rates of coronary heart disease. “Moderate” consumption was defined as 5-30 grams a day of alcohol, “high” as 30-90 grams daily, and “very high” as more than 90 grams; in the US, a standard drink is defined as containing 14 grams of alcohol, though of course actual amounts vary. All types of alcoholic beverages were associated with reduced CHD risk. The link was weaker for wine drinking, but remained significant at higher consumption levels.
Some scientists have questioned whether the results from earlier studies showing heart-health benefits from alcohol might be confounded by “abstainer error.” By lumping former drinkers in with those who’ve always abstained, this thinking goes, results could be skewed by “sick quitters”—people who’ve recently stopped drinking due to illness, disability or frailty.
So Arriola and colleagues compared drinkers only to lifelong abstainers, analyzing ex-drinkers separately. Indeed, they found that people who’d quit drinking were much less healthy at the study’s start, more prone to hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular conditions. By removing these former drinkers from the comparison, the researchers could be confident that “abstainer error” did not cloud their results.
Although the Spanish study found a reduction in men’s CHD risk associated with even the highest levels of alcohol consumption, drinking too much has other risks. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans advises that if you do drink alcohol, you should do so in moderation: no more than two drinks a day for men, one for women. Count as one “drink” 12 ounces of regular beer, 5 ounces of wine or 1.5 ounces of 80-proof distilled spirits. Keep in mind, too, that alcoholic beverages contain “liquid calories”—about 100 in a glass of wine, 150 in a bottle of beer.
TO LEARN MORE: Heart, online before print, dx.doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2009.173419
|
<urn:uuid:e908dfe9-5ca7-4b81-b510-4e9a7f9e492e>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.nutritionletter.tufts.edu/issues/6_2/current-articles/Evidence-Mounts-for-Heart-Benefits-of-Alcohol_558-1.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00221-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.960923
| 759
| 2.671875
| 3
|
Want to live a long life? A study of 1,500 children born in 1910 revealed the secret of a long life: conscientious habits.
"Most people who live to an old age do so not because they have beaten cancer, heart disease, diabetes, or lung disease; rather, the long-lived have mostly avoided serious ailments altogether," according to Howard S. Friedman and Leslie R. Martin, in their recent book, "The Longevity Project."
"The best childhood personality predictor of longevity was conscientiousness--the qualities of a prudent, persistent, well organized person," according to the two professors (he at the University of California--Riverside, and she at La Sierra University). "Conscientiousness . . . also turned out to be the best personality predictor of long life when measured in adulthood."
Link | The Longevity Project at Amazon
|
<urn:uuid:25d85df7-777f-496c-9cc4-5298961bc807>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://www.neatorama.com/2011/04/10/secret-of-longevity-conscientiousness/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718285.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00105-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.931233
| 174
| 2.328125
| 2
|
All you ever needed to know were life lessons from kindergarten . . .
Do you ever reflect on life lessons from kindergarten? If you remember them, then you’re set for life. If you don’t, this post I found on Twitter will help. I watch social media closely and it’s my job to share some of the hot topics on Twitter, Facebook, Pinterest, and other outlets that teachers, principals, students, and parents are contributing.
MindShift posted an infographic from Sylvia Duckworth illustrating the importance of kindergarten, based on the book by Robert Fulghum. It turns out, all you ever really needed to know was what you learned in kindergarten. You might not learn the themes of Macbeth or how to graph a parabola, but you do learn that you’re supposed to wash your hands before you eat and to play fair. Some of these kindergarten life lessons seem to stick with us our whole lives (like “flush” for example). But we seem to lose sight of others like “look around” or “live a balanced life.” You can see the complete list of 15 life lessons below.
It’s a good idea to look these life lessons from kindergarten over, even if you teach higher grades. Sometimes it’s easy to lose sight of these basic lessons from so long ago, whether it’s as simple as “put things back where you found them” or something that goes a bit deeper like “be aware of wonder.” It’s worth recalling what you learned back in kindergarten.
What lessons would you add? Do you struggle with any of these lessons? How do you think your life would change if you followed all fifteen rules?
Tori Pakizer is the Social Media Editor at SimpleK12.com. She writes regularly about the use of educational technology in K-12 classrooms, and specializes in how teachers use Twitter, Facebook, Pinterest, and other social media. You can follow Tori and SimpleK12 on Twitter @SimpleK12. If you have ideas for using social media in schools, please send your information or tip to email@example.com.
|
<urn:uuid:216ff30a-486c-4b3a-af3c-07c2b80c9f98>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.simplek12.com/just-for-fun/life-lessons-from-kindergarten/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00476-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.917285
| 455
| 2.734375
| 3
|
Jibble NetDraw is a free whiteboard collaboration software which you can use in order to setup a drawing whiteboard and share it over a local network or over the Internet. This whiteboard can then be used by you and your team can then use it for collaboration, idea development, and brainstorming.
This free collaboration software consists of a server application, which you need to run on the central server of your network, and a client application whose interface can be seen in the image above. Client cannot work without the server running somewhere on the network. Drawing tools are available at the top of the application, and underneath it you can see empty area where you can actually draw. The second empty window is for exchanging messages, which is something that you can also do with this free local area network collaboration whiteboard.
Key Features of Jibble NetDraw Free Whiteboard Collaboration Software:
- Free and simple to set up, works over LAN and also over Internet.
- Whiteboard to collaborate with your teammates by drawing your ideas.
- Supports chat for exchanging messages while you’re working.
- Drawing toolbox, change fonts, brush size and color, add shapes.
- Portable application, so it doesn’t require installation, Java powered.
The type of collaboration that Jibble NetDraw has to offer can be very useful when you for example need to go over final decisions and conclusions for a project that you’ve been working on or for presentation that you and your team or colleagues need to conduct. It’s not very advanced, but for some light drawing aided collaboration, it’s just the thing you need. Let’s see it in action.
How to Setup and Run Jibble NetDraw?
First thing that you need to do is run the server application. It’s best that you run it in the command line, so that you can see status output, which otherwise can’t be seen if you just double-click on the icon. This is the command that you have to use.
java -jar NetDraw-Server.jar
If the server application has a different name change it accordingly. Once the server is up and running, everybody in your team who you want collaborating should open up and start the clients. Both server and clients are portable, so you don’t need to install them. In the NetDraw client, open up Server >> Connect.
That should open up the Input field, where you can type the IP address or URL address of where server app is running. When you run the client you’ll also have to enter your name. Once you’re connected you can start drawing on the white board or exchanging messages down below.
Even though Jibble NetDraw is very lightweight and doesn’t offer a lot of drawing tools, it’s perfect for all those who are not very demanding. It works very fast and you don’t have to go through particularly difficult set up, but note, for Internet collaboration you must have proper setup. Give it a try and see how it goes.
|
<urn:uuid:996f7cc2-7cce-416b-a230-18d45599ef57>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.ilovefreesoftware.com/28/windows/internet/free-whiteboard-collaboration-software-jibble-netdraw.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00268.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.92701
| 640
| 1.65625
| 2
|
Mr Maroni said Roma children would be fingerprinted to avoid "begging"
Italy's interior minister has sparked criticism with a proposal that would see police fingerprinting all members of the Roma community living in camps.
Roberto Maroni, of the anti-immigrant Northern League, said the move would guarantee that those with the right to stay could live in decent conditions.
Those without that right, including children, would be sent home, he said.
The UN Children's Fund (Unicef) has criticised the proposal, as have opposition MPs.
Mr Maroni said the fingerprinting of Roma - or Gypsy - people would include "children too, to avoid phenomena like begging".
Since Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi was returned to power in elections two months ago, his government has focused on law and order, says the BBC's Christian Fraser in Rome.
The blame for the rising crime has fallen on the Roma gypsy community and, in recent weeks, camps have been raided by police while others have been attacked and burnt by vigilante mobs, our correspondent adds.
Stunned and concerned
Opposition MPs said it was wrong to treat children as criminals.
Rosy Bindi, who held the post of family minister in the centre-left government that was ousted in January, said the initiative was "unacceptable".
It would lead to an "ethnic register" that would "treat Roma children as if they were hardened criminals", she said.
The head of Unicef Italy, Vincenzo Spadafora, said his organisation was "stunned and deeply concerned" by the proposal.
"We'd like to suggest to him (Mr Maroni) that to respect all children's right to equality he should record all Italian children in the same way," said Mr Spadafora.
"Roma children are no different from other children. Moreover children cannot and should not be treated as adults."
Meanwhile, Amos Luzzatto, the former president of Italy's Union of Jewish Communities, said the measure was a form of "ethnic surveying".
"You start like this then you move on to the exclusion from schools, separated classes and widespread discrimination," he said.
Recalling how Jews, Roma and other minorities were targeted during Italy's years of fascism, he accused the country of having "lost its memory".
|
<urn:uuid:c4e0a121-3d83-466c-ab39-b49bead92c88>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7476413.stm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00300-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.984106
| 485
| 1.75
| 2
|
Publisher: PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science
Project: EC | Nunataryuk (773421), FWF | Geographic Information Sc... (W 1237), EC | PAGE21 (282700)
Four automatic stations measuring soil temperature and VWC were deployed in the central Lena River Delta, Siberia in August 2013 and retrieved in August 2014. They were installed in a very shallow depth on the islands Kurungnakh and Samoylov.Three stations were placed o...
You have been invited to join Assessing the socio-economic impact of digitalisation in rural areas Research Community Dashboard as a manager. Fill in the verification code, sent to your email, to accept the invitation request.
We are unable to process the request because the link is invalid, or it has expired.
|
<urn:uuid:25707f04-7850-496e-920a-b4aed5360f7b>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://rural-digital-europe.openaire.eu/search/advanced/research-outcomes?type=datasets&qf=false&sortBy=resultdateofacceptance,descending&relfunder=%22fwf_________%253A%253AFWF%257C%257CAustrian%2520Science%2520Fund%2520(FWF)%257C%257CFWF%22&community=%22mes%257C%257CEuropean%2520Marine%2520Science%22
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.935901
| 167
| 1.875
| 2
|
Research Designs: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches
This workshop offers a comprehensive overview of qualitative and quantitative research designs for humanities and social sciences. Characteristics and objectives of the respective designs will be highlighted, strongly related to the participants‘ research questions.
Choosing a research design is one of the most fundamental- and thus, difficult – aspects at the outset of a research project. The workshop gives an opportunity to refresh as well as to widen your knowledge about research designs, so that a well-grounded decision can be made.
A detailed review of each participants‘ research question will provide the foundation for the discussion of adequate design options and their consequences for the research project. Which aspects of the research question would be emphasized? Does a choice for a specific research design alter the research question itself? Is it possible or necessary to combine research designs?
In order to accomplish this goal, the workshop provides a short introduction to quantitative as well as qualitative research designs and their respective strength and shortcomings regarding prevalent research goals. Designs discussed will include
- survey methods and measurement models
- interview studies and document analysis
- experimental and ex-post-facto designs
- cross-sectional and longitudinal designs
- reconstructive methods and Grounded Theory
The workshop is aimed at doctoral researchers with first experience in the application of different research designs who would like to develop their research project on a well-funded basis. Also, researchers with an all-quantitative eduction who consider to make use of qualitative designs are as welcome as researchers with an all-qualitative education who might consider quantitative designs.
- Getting to know quantitative and qualitative research designs
- Understanding the objectives and characteristics of the respective research logics
- Opportunity to reflect and exchange ideas about your own research project
The registration form can be accessed from this page
RUB Research School
Yvonne Kohlbrunn , Sebastian Gerhartz
Mittwoch, 27.10.2021 10:00 bis 17:00 Uhr
Bitte melden Sie sich direkt beim Veranstalter für die Veranstaltung an.
|
<urn:uuid:65e751b9-d46a-4a65-b3cd-aea33622fffc>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://methodenzentrum.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/veranstaltungen/veranstaltungsdetails/research-designs-qualitative-and-quantitative-approaches_ws-21-22_mzw2507/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00666.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.849831
| 475
| 2.546875
| 3
|
Welcome to 2020.
A New Year offers a fresh start and the hope of a successful year for business. The HVAC industry has been a very quickly evolving industry for many years; that pace does not seem inclined to slow. We face regularly increasing technology in the equipment being offered. Efficiency standards are constantly rising. The pool of quality technicians and installers is constantly shrinking. It really can feel like a roller coaster of a ride sometimes! Let’s look back at a major change in the past year and then discuss what is coming:
Continue reading “2020 HVAC Industry Update”
Wouldn’t it be great to create a smart indoor comfort system that can offer customized energy-efficient performance, minimize compatibility issues with thermostats, and offer many more thermostat choices? Of course.
Enter ComfortBridge™ Technology
Factory-installed into select Goodman brand gas furnaces and air handlers, ComfortBridge™ technology moves the communications that is usually found in the thermostat, securely into the HVAC equipment. The algorithms gather HVAC system performance data and, if necessary, automatically make smart adjustments to help minimize the amount of energy used to cool or heat a home.
Continue reading “Smart Indoor Comfort While Reducing Thermostat Compatibility Issues”
As the summer heat slowly begins to fade, the cool breeze of fall will meander into the area. Many of us will begin to shift our focus to heating equipment check-ups. These can be a bit monotonous in the early days of fall, but the most important time to check a heating system is before it endures regular run time through the winter.
A crucial area that is often overlooked on a gas furnace is the temperature rise. The temperature rise across a gas furnace is like ensuring that your vehicle has plenty of coolant in the radiator. Furnaces, much like engines, do not like to run hot!
Continue reading “Most forget this crucial area when doing heating equipment check-ups. Are you?”
|
<urn:uuid:c490efe0-d011-4524-a7e1-c1f8a47562b8>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://blog.ecmdi.com/tag/furnaces/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00667.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.929111
| 417
| 1.5
| 2
|
ISC13 dedicated a special session to probe the thinking behind Europe’s Human Brain Project. We asked Prof. Felix Schürmann of EPFL to tell us about the usage of HPC resources in the Human Brain project and to tell us what this project means to HPC in Switzerland.
On Wednesday, June 19, 2013 12:00 PM – 1:00 PM join us at ISC13 for the BoF session 22 on High Performance Communications for High Performance Computing The BoF will be introduced and moderated by Michele De Lorenzi (CSCS), Angela Detjen (CSCS), Helen Gardiner (Victorian Life Sciences Computation Initiative), Nages Sieslack (Prometeus), and Jack Wells […]
The next edition of ISC13 (Leipzig, June 16–20, 2013) is approaching fast. Encouraged by the positive feedback from visitors over the last few years (and from our own team at the booth), we’ll again host our own booth at this year’s conference. This year, hpc-ch will have a slightly larger booth and a brand new […]
ISC – the largest HPC conference in Europe – just announced that it will be giving the Human Brain project, led by Dr. Henry Markram of EPFL, a permanent platform at ISC to share their latest research findings for the next 10 years. Their first talk “Supercomputing & the Human Brain Project – Following Brain […]
Daniel Duffy (Lead System Architect) and William Putman (Research Meteorologist) of the NASA Center for Climate Simulation and the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center present the challenges facing global climate modeling today. In particular they discuss the requirements of high resolution modeling: the need for powerful computing resources […]
|
<urn:uuid:56c2e38c-413a-4f31-8e30-8669544fb43f>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.hpc-ch.org/tag/booth/page/2/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00025-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.895773
| 369
| 1.710938
| 2
|
This is where we celebrate the memories people send in to The Cooking Gene. I hope you will contribute to this electronic archive:
Grant Hayter-Menzies writes:
It’s been over ten years since my Southern grandmother died, and many more since I last sat down to a meal at my great-grandmother’s table. But when I recently cooked up a pot of black eyed peas, to Michael Twitty’s heirloom recipe, both came alive again in the aromas of this dish I remember from childhood. With them came a series of black women, slaves of their ancestors. These women are unknown to me by name but powerfully present in bedtimes tales my grandmother told me, spine-chilling parables like the one about a woman gone wild after the death of her only child, wailing in the forest, always hungry for the children of others—stories she’d heard as a girl, which seemed to have African folk roots and perhaps did, because they were like the stories told by black women to white children before the Civil War. These black women most come back to life in the dishes that they taught my ancestors to appreciate and create past the era when white and black lived in such close proximity. I always think of these long-ago women with thanks for the unpaid labors they performed for my ancestors, and also for the soul food they bequeathed to my grandmother’s and great-grandmother’s kitchens, singing the fragrance of black eyed peas, ham and blackstrap molasses through the house like a joyous hymn from long ago.
Food Is Love
Sharon Leslie Morgan
When I was growing up in Chicago, the kitchen of our Southside apartment was the center of my universe. Not only was food cooked there, it was a place of existential meaning. It was where corn was shucked, drinks were poured, peas were shelled, homework was done, tears were shed and laughter peeled. It was the source of Thanksgiving dinner, issuing forth its bounty in innumerable serving dishes, hot from the stove, onto the table in the dining room – the next room over.
The kitchen table could just as easily be used to hold and serve food as to host a card game. It provided a roof under which I and my cousins would play around the feet of ever present guests. On hot summer nights, it was the room we passed through to get to the back porch, where my grandfather, Paw Paw, would sleep on a cot under a navy blue velvet sky. On cold winter nights, it was a place entered through a heavy curtain that kept the cold air in the rest of the apartment out while we sat around the open oven door, rubbing our hands to keep warm. When we were sick, it was the location of my grandmother’s (Maw Maw) rocking chair, in which she rocked us well after rubbing us down with Vick’s vapo rub, eucalyptus oil or turpentine, depending on the ailment.
No one person taught me to cook and a veritable army of people have added to my repertoire over the years. Like a sponge, I sucked up lessons as a child from both of my parents, three grandparents, aunts, uncles and older cousins. My grandfather taught me how to fry red snapper a la Mississippian. My grandmother contributed chicken and dumplins, informed by her roots as a farm girl in Illinois. My other grandmother taught me the Italian spaghetti of her parent’s home country. My father taught me to make gravy. My mother taught me Louisiana creole gumbo, which she learned as a 15 year old bride in New Orleans. My aunt June taught me to make some mean barbecued pig feet. In more recent years, I have trekked all over the world, enjoying the comraderie of friends’ kitchens in the Caribbean, Africa and Europe. I learned to escovitch fish in Jamaica; create shark and bake sandwiches in Tobago; sacrifice, skin and cook every inch of a sheep in South Africa and prepare bitter leaf greens with bush meat in Cameroun.
There is no one recipe I can point to as definitive. My overall food concept is one of “pan-African cuisine,” believing from experience that all people of African descent eat pretty much the same things, cooked in very similar ways. No matter where we are in Africa or the Diaspora, we eat and enjoy corn bread, corn meal porridge (grits, pap and ugali), beans (of all colors), greens (of all kinds), chicken (fried or fricasseed), lots of fish and mountains of rice. Our love of spices, including hot peppers, is also universal.
The greatest thing I learned from absolutely everyone that contributed to my culinary education is that “food is love.” I therefore do not hesitate to pass it around! I once owned and cooked at a restaurant in Paris (Bojangles) that offered pan-African culinary delights, seasoned with live music. Amazingly, ten years after the fact, diehard fans still remember me and my food.
I can only surmise that people like me and Michael Twitty inherited “the cooking gene” — and I could not imagine life without it.
I thank you for sharing’ food is love ‘which brought fond memories from my past.My mother was born and raised in rural Alabama and lived with an older cousin in Mobile who was an excellent cook. She prepared great meals that we still remember and her dinner was ready before 11am on Sundays.We still use her recipes to this day.I just made a huge pot of Gumbo and also prepared baked jams and garlic bread suggested by a friend. I enjoy cooking because it reminds me of my southern parents although I grew up in Brooklyn and Queens NY.
Ken Collier: Key Lime Pie
Key Lime Pie
Notes: Generally my notes, if any, are at the end of my recipes. This time, though, I want to start with them because there is a lot of nonsense out and about concerning genuine Key Lime Pie. This is the recipe I learned from my mother, who grew up on Key West making these things. To begin with, no self-respecting Key Lime Pie will have anything whatever to do with chiffon, green food color, corn starch, or even whipped cream (not to mention that abomination called “whipped topping”). These are alterations that destroy the essential intensity, flavor, and integrity of a Key Lime Pie.
There is really no mystery to a Key Lime Pie. They are quite straightforward to make. While there are many variations on the theme, the essentials are lime juice, egg yolks, sweetened condensed milk, and meringue. A fully authentic Key Lime Pie will be made with Key Limes, a variety of limes that seem to have appeared spontaneously in the Keys of South Florida, probably descended from limes that floated ashore after English ships were wrecked in storms. They are very small, very juicy, thin-skinned, and have a lot of seeds. They are also hard to come by. Grocery store (Persian) limes will work, but are a poor substitute. We have a Bearss lime (surprisingly enough, that spelling is correct) tree in our yard and it makes a very good substitute. I am told that Mexican limes work quite well, but I have never tried them. There is disagreement, though, even among those who know what they are doing. For example, my mother swore by a pastry crust. I prefer a Graham cracker crust, but I do not use any sugar and add ¼ teaspoon ground cloves. I find the hint of cloves, sets of the essential lime flavor quite nicely. Well, enough of the harangue. For the recipe, turn the page.
Graham Cracker Crust
Preheat the oven to 350. Graham crackers generally come in boxes of three containers. Crush one of these packages, and mix it with 6 Tablespoons of melted butter and ¼ teaspoon of ground cloves. Pat this mixture into a 9 inch pie pan. This crust need not be backed, though I generally do. If you choose not to bake it, chill it thoroughly before filling. If you choose to bake it, bake for about 10 minutes or until it is done.
3 egg yolks
1 cup sweetened condensed milk
1 cup lime juice
Beat the egg yolks until they are lemon colored and make a ribbon. Fold the condensed milk into the eggs. With a wire whisk, fold the lime juice into the milk and eggs a little at a time. The custard will thicken and smooth out. Pour the custard into the prepared crust.
3 egg whites
6 tablespoons of sugar
¼ teaspoon cream of tartar
Beat the egg whites. When they start to become stiff, add the sugar and cream of tartar, one tablespoon at a time. Continue beating until the meringue becomes glossy and holds its peaks. Spread the meringue over the custard in a decorative pattern, e.g. pulling peaks off it with the back of a spoon.
Bake the pie at 350 for about 10 minutes or until the meringue begins to get flecked with gold. Remove from the oven; cool to room temperature; and refrigerate for 2 or 3 hours.
Your request brought back to mind Miss Kay, the woman who cooked for my grandparents, in Washington, DC, in the 50’s and 60’s (that’s when I knew her).
One of my favorite dishes was sweet potato casserole, and before I left home for college (my first living on my own experience), I asked Miss Kay for the recipe. And that’s when I really learned something about the art of cooking.
She told me that you just take some sweet potatoes – enough for however many’s coming plus leftovers – and boil them till they’re soft (who knows how long that might take, I thought). Then you mash them and add some butter and cream. How much butter and cream? Hmm, depends. From an egg to a fist. Cream – about that much. You add brown sugar till it tastes the way you like, and some spices, like cinnamon or mace or ground cloves, whatever’s to hand. Don’t forget raisins and walnuts, if you have them and they won’t play up with anyone’s teeth. Bake until it’s ready.
Brought up by a proper “Joy of Cooking” mother, I was at first perplexed by this recipe. Then delighted – an act of rebellion, I thought. Just cook it as it seemed right, no worries about “must.” Delicious!
Thanks for the visit to memories!
|
<urn:uuid:fd935fb9-e7de-468f-ad21-b712cff618a2>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://thecookinggene.com/memories-page/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00672.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.965112
| 2,275
| 1.875
| 2
|
UK could block China state nuclear firm from future power projects - report
The change in Britain's stance could affect the £20bn Sizewell C project in Suffolk and may also affect proposals for a new plant at Bradwell-on-Sea in Essex, it was reported.
Monday 26 July 2021 17:55, UK
Ministers are reportedly exploring how to block China's state-owned nuclear energy company from future power projects in the UK.
The change in Britain's stance towards China General Nuclear Power Group (CGN) could affect the £20bn Sizewell C nuclear energy project in Suffolk, the Financial Times reported.
France's EDF is scheduled to build the Sizewell site with backing from CGN.
The change could also affect proposals for a new plant at Bradwell-on-Sea in Essex, according to the FT.
It could represent a further hardening in Britain's stance towards China, after it announced plans to ban equipment made by Huawei from its 5G telecoms network by the end of 2027.
A spokesperson for the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) declined to comment directly on the report.
"Nuclear power has an important role to play in the UK's low-carbon energy future, as we work towards our world-leading target to eliminate our contribution to climate change by 2050," the spokesperson said.
"All nuclear projects in the UK are conducted under robust and independent regulation to meet the UK's rigorous legal, regulatory and national security requirements, ensuring our interests are protected," the spokesperson added.
A spokesperson for China's foreign ministry said Britain "should earnestly provide an open, fair and non discriminatory business environment for Chinese companies", adding that the countries were important trade and investment partners.
"It is in the interests of both sides to conduct practical cooperation in the spirit of mutual benefit and a win-win result," the spokesperson said.
Reuters news agency reported that EDF declined to comment, while CGN had not responded to a request for comment.
Meanwhile, the UK's former cyber security chief has raised the alarm over the sale of a Welsh microchip manufacturer to a Chinese-backed company.
Ciaran Martin, the former chief executive of the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC), told the Telegraph newspaper that the purchase of Newport Wafer Fab by Nexperia, a Dutch subsidiary of the Chinese company Wingtech, posed a greater threat to British interests than Huawei's involvement in the 5G network.
Boris Johnson has asked national security adviser Sir Stephen Lovegrove to examine the deal.
|
<urn:uuid:e3f96017-5192-4ef8-9607-f2152d3c4c6c>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://news.sky.com/story/uk-could-block-china-state-nuclear-firm-from-future-power-projects-report-12364706
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00469.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.955801
| 531
| 1.851563
| 2
|
Ahdaf Soueif illustrates through vivid characterization how disparate racial origins can drive a deep wedge between people, particularly couples who figure in a romantic relationship. The place or setting is the biggest factor in this short story, it is a reason for the couple’s fading love and growing estranged. The setting places the narrator in a foreign land, whose cultural values have a negative impact on her causing her to fade from blissful love to saddening regret and hurt. Her identity is altered to that of a foreigner as perceived by those around her and this changes her mind set, perceiving herself differently, as a different person. The most apparent portrayal of the result of the setting on the narrator is the “fading love” experienced between her and her husband. The flashbacks present within the story, “My second summer here was the sixth of our love – and the last of our happiness.” allude to the vast differences between their relationships at various times.
This allows the reader relationship wise, to sense the regret and deep emotional state experienced by the narrator. Soueif portrays her as a helpless being, lying in hope of luck and in hope for a magical change. The comparison of ‘each wave……different’ to that ‘vast blue’ acts as an real life image to the two sides of her life.The ‘vast blue’ seems to remain as her expectations as she dreams of such a ‘low growl’, it being calm , soft and natural, moreover it being the behavior she expects from her husband remembering it to be there ‘six years ago.’ Her wants seem totally perfect as she settles in complete love with her partner, but such a one sided relationship seems to be taken as granted. The writer gives special emphasis on the phrase, “Eight Summers”, instead of eight years, indicating that the speaker has lost the warmth and the love from her husband, considering the fragile situation. Readers can infer the fact that cold and dark winters lie ahead of her, which could be full of insecurities and instabilities.
Furthermore her independent nature due to the fading connections is evident from the lines, “The white glare..” which shows readers that the speaker is dry ,empty, carrying on with her own journey and is no longer heavily influenced by her husband. Soueif sympathises with he circumstances the English woman is in while she tries to adapt into her new family. She has tried before but with failed attempts so she is scared to try again. As she is walking down the beach she thinks about her happy family as the “white sands” and that she places only the “ball of her foot” without disturbing the pattern of the sands. Readers can see that she is trying very hard to adapt into the family without ruining the peace within it; she is scared that people will not accept her and even though there is enough space to walk, she thinks that she does not have “much room” like she has given up and cannot try further.
The foreignness /loneliness felt by the narrator is conveyed throughout the story, “My husband translated all this for me and said things to her which I have come to understand meant that tomorrow I would get used to their ways.” This quote represents her inability to conform to the cultural and social acceptances. Readers can not only sense the fiasco/disappointment of the English women, but also the irritation faced by the husband. Lucy, is the daughter she gave birth to yet she refers to Lucy as ‘his daughter’ indicating that even though they are both her parents; the narrator identifies Lucy as belonging to him since she was born and raised in this foreign land. “My treasure, my trap” allows the reader to notice that the narrator, this woman, wants to escape, to leave, but she is held back by the maternal love she has for her daughter.
The narrator was from Europe and her marriage to an Egyptian man has cross-cultural implications. Even though “the inferior status of women” was explained to her, she still went through with this marriage. One could presume that the narrator’s ethnocentrism was evident in assuming that her marriage would be more like a western one. “My foreignness, which had been so charming, began to irritate him.” indicates that once he had returned home, the narrator’s inability to change him to her setting, her ‘place’ affected their relationship. This is backed by, “He was back home, and he needed someone he could be at home with, at home.” indicates that the narrator herself is aware of the implication her inability to conform is having on her relationship.
In conclusion, I would like to say that the poet has given a very significant title sandpiper, A sandpiper is a bird, and here it signifies their Daughter Lucy, she is the neutral factor in this land(husband) vs sea( the wife), as even though they are unified, they can be never be together, also Lucy seems to fit in more on the land ( the father) as living organisms are better of land then In water. This is backed by the various examples of her being on a “beach”.
Courtney from Study Moose
Hi there, would you like to get such a paper? How about receiving a customized one? Check it out https://goo.gl/3TYhaX
|
<urn:uuid:c602a365-e423-47c3-aaec-c44e3ed2b697>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://studymoose.com/sandpiper-by-%EF%BB%BFahdaf-soueif-essay
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00484-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.985243
| 1,132
| 2.484375
| 2
|
Green Dot is a national violence prevention program, implemented by the College in 2010, that trains students, faculty and staff in bystander intervention to help prevent sexual violence, domestic violence, dating violence and stalking. A "Green Dot" is defined as any behavior, choice, word, or attitude that counters or displaces a "red dot" of violence, promoting safety for everyone and communicating utter intolerance for sexual violence, interpersonal violence and stalking.
Green Dot encourages bystanders (everyone will be one at some point) to make a choice and then take action by doing something to prevent violence from happening in our community. Built on the idea that in order to measurably reduce the instances of power-based personal violence there must be a culture shift, Green Dot capitalizes on peer and cultural influence to encourage change in behaviors from those that sustain violence in our community.
When students matriculate, they pledge "that my actions will be thoughtful and ethical and that I will do my best to instill a sense of responsibility in those among us who falter." Students are pledging to live the Green Dot already through our very own Honor Code -- the training just gives you the skills to do it.
No one has to do everything ...
Everyone has to do something!
What's your GREEN DOT?
Green Dot training
Rachel Stewart, director of sexual violence prevention and advocacy, and CC Curtiss, director of student wellness and alcohol and other drug education, are certified Green Dot trainers. They lead regular six-hour Green Dot training sessions on campus. More than 1000 Connecticut College students have already been Green Dot trained.
If you are interested in learning more or being trained in Green Dot, you can attend an information session, bring a Green Dot presentation to your residence hall, club meeting or classroom, or sign up for the next six-hour training by contacting Rachel Stewart at 860-439-2219 or firstname.lastname@example.org.
To learn more about the national Green Dot program, visit www.livethegreendot.com.
What Connecticut College Green Dot grads have to say about the 6-hour program
"Training was an empowering experience, from the bonds of trust built with the people in the room to the inspirational quotes between slide show sections. As far as I'm concerned it could've lasted 20 hours - there was so much to learn."
"Keeping the session in a 6-hour chunk is helpful for the continuity of the training - it allows you to relate things from earlier in the training to new things that come up… As much as it is a big time commitment it is totally worth it."
"The time went by fast … and I feel like the discussion really added to making the material more concrete and understandable. This is a fantastic program, and please do more of them!"
"I thought [the facilitator] broached very challenging information in a way that accepted and acknowledged the seriousness of the subject matter without making it seem like an impossible situation. Her attitude about our ability to affect change, her openness about her own connections, shortcomings, and triumphs, and her clear willingness to help us as we make our way through this was inspiring and empowering."
"[The facilitator] keeps things fun, relevant, and engaging. She makes you believe that you can make a difference and presents the material in a clear and accessible manner."
|
<urn:uuid:e7c2b6f2-743d-4655-8753-26313bcb052f>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://marchmania.conncoll.edu/campus-life/sexual-violence-prevention-and-advocacy/green-dot/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.950469
| 689
| 2.359375
| 2
|
Growing attached to apps and services is something we have all done as iOS users — with Sparrow being a particular sore point. Difficulties can arise when developers attempt to improve upon their previous efforts in the name of innovation and improvement; however, as with Skitch, such plans aren’t so easily fulfilled. Therefore, upon hearing my favourite app of 2012 was being redeveloped, I listened with more than a little trepidation. As it turns out the team have released a brand new app filled with mind blowing audio and visuals, once again blowing my mind.
Again based upon Nick Risinger’s stunning cosmological photography, Sky Guide is the new iteration of Sky Survey — the most beautiful app in the App Store, until now. Like Apple, Risinger knows even the best products can be improved and with Sky Guide his team have brought a wealth of new material to give any astronomy enthusiast goosebumps. The idea may remain the same but there’s plenty of features to get excited about whilst scanning the Milky Way. Let’s take a look.
The unblemished night sky is one of the finest sights known to man, the trouble is such a sight is becoming increasingly more difficult to witness. For the uninitiated, Nick Risinger’s 5,000 megapixel mosaic is made up of 37,000 photographs captured from some of the most remote locations on Earth and shows an incomprehensible array of celestial sights in unadulterated clarity. This extraordinary image forms the very fabric of Sky Guide and allows for an experience rarely had in the flesh.
Competing apps like Night Sky show a computer render of the Milky Way with thousands of banal, indistinguishable dots miserably representing the beautiful spiral galaxy’s components. Sky Guide incorporates the built-in gyroscope to accurately mirror the sky above with real images thus enabling instant recognition of every planet and constellation on show. No data connection is required to traverse the skies and it is even possible to enter raw coordinates to mimic a specific area from anywhere in the world.
The core image behind Sky Guide is incredibly detailed and, due to its enormous size, is not shown at full resolution. Such intricacy shows thousands of real stars, some impossible to see in even moderately light pollution free areas; therefore, with a two-finger scroll gesture the panorama can be dimmed in order to match the sky above, enabling easier identification of the visible stars. That’s not where the beauty ends with this app, however.
Sky Guide, although perfectly capable of being a browsing app, is innately educational with complete disregard for degree of knowledge. Whereas its predecessor relied upon Wikipedia for content, this time multiple academic sources have been utilised to provide higher quality content. Much of the information has been handcrafted by a number of highly respected individuals giving an unparalleled level of expertise in this app category and a vast amount of educational resource.
To access a particular object’s information simply tap on the panorama to uncover the necessary icon from where a slide out panel appears. Within this panel is a set of concise, yet informative paragraphs with accompanying links set beneath beautiful imagery of the selected object. The interface itself is marvellous and allows focus to remain on the rich content featured with the sans-serif font set against deep black panels being a beautifully minimalist touch. After all, it is simplicity that makes for a great UI and this app has it in abundance.
The interface is exemplary throughout with a slimmed down menu and simplistic sharing options that allow selected areas of the panorama to be showcased on Twitter and Facebook. The main menu — accessible from the ubiquitous hamburger button—lists options for customising the panorama; however, compared to Sky Survey, the detail options are very few and far between. That said, Sky Guide is light years ahead of the former app in terms of general speed, fluidity, and beauty making the trade-off more than worthwhile.
One major addition to this title is the presence of music. A collaboration with Mat Jarvis of Osmos HD fame has yielded a melodic soundtrack oozing with ethereal, dulcet tones. As with Osmos, I highly recommend using Sky Guide with a set of headphones to become fully immersed in the app; an experience I promise is like no other on iOS. Amazingly, it’s even possible to play the stars as each recognised star has a related note that sounds when tapped. Larger, hotter stars emit a deeper sound compared to the higher pitched qualities of their smaller counterparts. The integration of the special sounds and the overlying track is intriguingly brilliant with each extra sound seeming to fit perfectly every time.
Searching for specific objects is possible from the magnifying glass icon quietly displayed to the top right and allows for a manual search or object-specific browsing. Every app has small, seemingly irrelevant features that can help bring the entire project together of which Sky Guide has several; however, one in particular stands out. With each search result a time is given in which the constellation, galaxy, planet, or star is due to rise then set. This not only means you know what to look for but also when to look upwards, such a feature exemplifies the thought that has been given throughout the app making it a real pleasure to use.
An App For Every Space Enthusiast
I love everything about this app if you couldn’t tell already, right down to the icon itself. Let’s face it, an icon has to be picturesque to warrant a spot on any homescreen and Sky Guide’s may be one of the best. However, that’s enough of the minutiae, the simple fact is this app is fantastic and a marked improvement upon its near-perfect predecessor. Given the nature of the apps, owners of Sky Survey already have the predominant feature of Sky Guide; however, personally, between the far superior information bank and gorgeous soundtrack, I believe there is more than enough here to warrant taking a look.
Sky Guide is just 0.99¢ for a limited time only.
|
<urn:uuid:ec7424ad-0b9a-47e9-b2fd-882e43ac9182>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://ipad.appstorm.net/reviews/immerse-yourself-in-space-with-sky-guide/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00463-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.934705
| 1,245
| 1.796875
| 2
|
Two former soldiers in Germany have been arrested, accused of trying to form a mercenary group with the aim of intervening in the military conflict in Yemen.
Authorities said the men, identified as Arend-Adolf G and Achim A, were detained on Wednesday in southern Germany.
Both are German citizens and former soldiers in the Bundeswehr, Germany’s armed forces.
The men are accused of being ringleaders in the formation of a terror organisation, prosecutors said in a statement.
Together they are alleged to have decided in early 2021 to create their own mercenary group made up of between 100 and 150 former soldiers or members of the police.
The men's primary motivation was to earn about €40,000 each per month by offering the group's services to third parties, specifically Saudi Arabia, prosecutors said.
The oil-rich kingdom has intervened in the conflict in neighbouring Yemen against the Houthi rebel group.
One of the suspects, Achim A, "tried persistently and over a long period of time to initiate a dialogue with Saudi government officials" in order to get the project financed, prosecutors said.
"He tried in various ways to establish a channel of communication with Saudi government agencies and to obtain a meeting date for the submission of their bid.”
However, "all these efforts were in vain as the Saudi government agencies contacted showed no reaction".
The men were aware that their plans for military intervention in Yemen would inevitably require them to kill people, and they were aware that civilians might be injured and killed too, prosecutors said.
Arend-Adolf G is alleged to have won over at least seven people for the plan, they added.
|
<urn:uuid:4a5f83ac-95a2-4aab-bd9a-b556d90b81da>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.euronews.com/2021/10/20/two-ex-soldiers-arrested-in-germany-accused-of-forming-mercenary-group
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00268.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.983305
| 342
| 1.5
| 2
|
During the Civil War, Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman's March to the Sea culminated in the Union's capture of Savannah, Ga., in December 1864. Instead of transferring his veteran army by water to Virginia, where Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant had Gen. Robert E. Lee bottled up around Richmond, Sherman received permission to invade the Carolinas. He particularly wanted to apply the fullest measure of "total war" to South Carolina as punishment for bringing on the war. He planned to move directly on Columbia, S.C., and from there to Fayetteville on the Cape Fear River in North Carolina. Then the Union army would push eastward to Goldsboro, which was connected to the coast by two railroads. Along this route Sherman could cut communication lines, destroy public and industrial property, and dampen morale. By applying total war to the home front, Sherman expected to instill a defeatist psychology in southern civilians and soldiers alike. His ultimate objective was to combine with Grant's forces at Richmond and crush Lee's army, thus ending the war.
During the Carolinas campaign, Sherman's army of 60,000 troops and 2,500 wagons was divided into two wings, sometimes forming a front over 40 miles wide. While Sherman's forces were marching through South Carolina, Gen. Joseph E. Johnston became the new commander of Confederate forces in the Carolinas. Sherman correctly surmised that Johnston would attempt to unite his widely scattered army and fight at a place and time of his own choosing. As early as mid-January 1865, at least one North Carolina newspaper began preparing its readers for invasion. A month later, when Fort Fisher and Wilmington on the coast fell to the Union, a wave of despondency hit the state. Many people, fearing that they might be in Sherman's direct path, hid their valuables in an effort to save them.
Because Sherman had cut himself off from his supply base at Savannah, his men were reduced to foraging extensively from the countryside as they moved through the Carolinas in early 1865. Strict regulations limited foraging parties, but there was a wide discrepancy between these orders and the actions of some of the troops, who operated more as mounted robbers than as disciplined foragers. Much of the wanton destruction of property in the two Carolinas was the work of this self-constituted group, known primarily as "bummers." Unsupervised by officers, these men operated on their own.
The origin of the term "bummer" is obscure; however, by the time of Sherman's March to the Sea in the fall of 1864, it had come into general usage. A member of the general's staff defined a bummer as a "raider on his own account, a man who temporarily deserts a place in the ranks and starts up an independent foraging mission." But most soldiers in Sherman's army designated all foragers "bummers" whether authorized or unauthorized.
By 8 Mar. 1865 Sherman's entire army was on North Carolina soil in the vicinity of Laurel Hill Presbyterian Church (now Scotland County), facing a formidable march. Early on the morning of 10 March at Monroe's Crossroads west of Fayetteville, a part of the cavalry under Brevet Maj. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick was surprised and temporarily driven from the field by Confederate horsemen led by Lt. Gen. Wade Hampton. But the Union force regained control of its camp and thus opened the way for the Federal occupation of Fayetteville the next day.
The town and surrounding countryside suffered much at the hands of Sherman's men, who pillaged and destroyed property, including the arsenal. While at Fayetteville, Sherman took the opportunity to rid his columns of the 30,000 black and white refugees who had been following his army. He considered them "useless mouths."
Leaving Fayetteville, Sherman crossed the Cape Fear and turned east toward Goldsboro. On 16 March a small Confederate force fought a delaying action against Sherman's left wing at Averasboro, and three days later Johnston's entire army of 21,000 troops attacked the left wing at Bentonville about 20 miles west of Goldsboro. The first day's fight was by far the bloodiest, ending in a draw. But the Union went on to win the three-day battle-the largest ever fought on North Carolina soil.
After his victory at Bentonville, Sherman allowed Johnston to withdraw to Smithfield. The Union general moved on to Goldsboro, where, on 23 March, he linked up with additional troops under Maj. Gen. John M. Schofield. After receiving news of the fall of Richmond, Sherman turned toward Raleigh, with Johnston retreating before him. On the evening of 12 April, peace commissions from Raleigh arrived at Sherman's headquarters at Clayton. By this time Gen. Robert E. Lee had surrendered at Appomattox, Confederate troops were evacuating the capital of North Carolina, and Johnston was seeking permission from President Jefferson Davis to contact Sherman about ending hostilities. The generals met on three occasions at the James Bennett home west of Durham. The surrender terms drafted at the first two meetings, on 17 and 18 Apr. 1865, were too generous for authorities in Washington, D.C.; at the third meeting, on 26 April, Sherman and Johnston drafted a more satisfactory agreement. The terms were similar to those Lee received from Grant at Appomattox. Except for the stacking of arms at Greensboro and a few minor skirmishes between Union and Confederate troops, the war in North Carolina was over.
John G. Barrett, Sherman's March through the Carolinas (1956).
Mark L. Bradley, Last Stand in the Carolinas: The Battle of Bentonville (1996).
Bradley, This Astounding Close: The Road to Bennett Place (2000).
Jacqueline Glass Campbell, When Sherman Marched North from the Sea: Resistance on the Confederate Home Front (2003).
Lloyd Lewis, Sherman: Fighting Prophet (1932).
William Tecumseh Sherman, Memoirs, vol. 2 (1875).
"Gen Johnston's Surrender- a Painting." General Joseph E. Johnston surrenders to Union General William T. Sherman at Bennett Place, April 1865. From the Barden Collection, North Carolina State Archives, Raleigh, NC. Call #: N_53_15_1953. Available from http://www.flickr.com/photos/north-carolina-state-archives/4290717242/ (accessed May 15, 2012).
1 January 2006 | Barrett, John G.
|
<urn:uuid:845bb5c5-9b71-48db-9f8d-b8b790697753>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.ncpedia.org/shermans-march
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00064-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.96339
| 1,356
| 3.84375
| 4
|
The Tokoro Forest of Remains, situated along the Okhotsk Coast, is home to a large collection of ruins that date all the way back to the Jomon period. Visitors to the forest can learn about the ancient pit dwellings of inhabitants, which were dug-out homes common among the Jomon and Satsumon cultures nearly 24,000 years ago. At the Tokoro Ruins Center, excavated relics, artifacts, and restored dwellings are kept on display. The ruins that still stand here have been designated as Important Cultural Properties and preserved for future generations to enjoy.
The Tokoro Forest of Remains
N1, Odori, Kitami, Hokkaido
|
<urn:uuid:cf0d1661-39f6-4ee4-a35a-bdad508df60d>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://en.visit-hokkaido.jp/destinations/the-tokoro-forest-of-remains-a-journey-back-in-time
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00267.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.924203
| 167
| 2.609375
| 3
|
Why do people start using alcohol or drugs? How can you help an addict quit?January 12th, 2017 1
Is the 12 step program of AA in accordance with Jewish religion? And how can Jewish people in recovery for addiction understand the 12 step program of AA in light of Jewish teachings about God? Rabbi Taub gives us some direction here.
No, buprenorphine is not an antidepressant. But you might feel less depressed after taking buprenorphine (Suboxone or Subutex). More on buprenorphine and depression here.
Learn more about what Valium is, why doctors prescribe it and its addictive-ness. Plus, if you've used or abused Valium, discuss what to do next. We answer all questions about Valium and Valium addiction in our comments or via video!
Buprenorphine is a new solution to an old problem: opiate addiction. But how does it work? And do critics understand buprenorphine sublingual tablets and their best use?
Taken together, Adderall and alcohol can help you party all night long. But what happens to your body when you mix Adderall and alcohol? And what side effects can you expect? Also, we ask what universities can and should do to help address this new national pastime.
We review the three main differences between Ativan and Xanax: drug use, action times and abuse tendencies. Although both Ativan and Xanax are both classified as benzodiazepines, their medical use is slightly different. Come explore and discuss the similarity and difference between Ativan and Xanax here.
Xanax can stay in your system for months, depending on frequency of use. Xanax half life is defined by the amount of time it takes for 1/2 the drug to leave the body. But when is Xanax drug testing safe? And what are the signs of Xanax addiction? We explore here.
Xanax is used and prescribed by increasing numbers of doctors. But what is Xanax and what does Xanax do? We review addictive-ness and medical reasons for taking Xanax here.
If you practice social work (or are interested in becoming a social worker), this system view of work with men hot off the press from Columbia University Press is a must-buy. A brief review of "Social Work Practice with Men at Risk" and how it delivers just what it promises here.
Medications are prescribed at very specific doses. Taking too much can be harmful. So how long after taking Lortab can you take Ambien? We explore here.
Do doctors recommend that you take Advil in between doses of Lortab? Learn more about the active ingredients in Advil and Lortab, and the possible interactions of the two drugs.
|
<urn:uuid:a177914f-587d-4c16-8a73-f1bddd5daab9>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://addictionblog.org/page/153/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00057-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.918624
| 575
| 2.203125
| 2
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.