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Three months after teaming up with location-based service Foursquare to raise money for the Save the Music Foundation, VH1 has met its funding goal of $35,000 for the campaign.
People following VH1 on Foursquare who checked in into any music venue starting on March 1 unlocked a badge (see above), and the cable television network subsequently donated a dollar for each badge earned to Save the Music. VH1 retired the badge when it hit the 35,000 mark this month.
Save the Music will use the money to restore a public school's program for band, keyboard, guitar, strings or mariachi. The charity will work with the school and music teacher to determine what will best meet their needs. The recipient school has not yet been announced.
"It also felt good to leverage emerging platforms like Foursquare to not only build our brand, but support real actions that have bigger, life-impacting effects," VH1's EVP of creative and marketing Nigel Cox-Hagan tells Mashable.
"We’re reminding people that at our core we celebrate celebrities and artists for doing good, and are constantly getting ourselves involved as well."
Another way VH1 has helped music education this year is through a Battle for the Bands contest with social good platform Do Something. The online video contest asked people to describe why their schools needed scholarships and funding for their music programs.
"This year, we saw more than 20,000 submissions about why music education is important to them, which was really inspiring," Cox-Hagan says.
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What slows down Defence innovation?
In his July 2021 Defence Digital Blog, Brigadier Stefan Crossfield highlights the deep cultural, Intellectual Property, and Agile procurement challenges to the digital transformation of Defence. For decades, the scale and pace of pull through from Science & Technology into UK Defence capability has been hampered, not only by monolithic system designs that cannot be upgraded piecemeal but also by contracting arrangements that deprive the Ministry of Defence (MOD) of freedom of action over the deliverables it pays for. Architectures that claim to be open, and that promise flexibility, have proved in practice to be closed, and to provide only rigidity, since the UK government does not possess the details of internal designs and external interfaces, let alone the right to change them.
A FASTER way forward
The FASTER programme, sponsored by the Defence Nuclear Organisation and delivered to the Submarine Delivery Agency by Navy Digital, is demonstrating a different way forward. FASTER aims to build on the innovative spirit that traditionally characterises UK military operations, and that is needed more than ever today to counter new forms of competitive threat. FASTER not only showcases an advanced Platform-as-a-Service concept that enables the loose coupling of small components (microservices) by insisting that they bring their own support for assurance, but also pioneers an equally modern approach to contracting by developing a supplier community that is collaborative, diverse, inclusive, and enabling of all Defence Lines of Development.
Figure 1: FASTER Programme Operating Model
The FASTER Community and Collaboration Charter
To engage with technology innovators across MOD, in academia, and from industry, FASTER has created a Community and Collaboration Charter. This Charter for the FASTER supplier community offers organisations of all types a new way to work with government and with each other. The result will be rapid insertion into military capability of technology that is not only sustainable and resilient but antifragile. In the 21st century, Defence like other parts of society must do more than face up to change. It must learn to thrive on it. Suppliers who join the FASTER community will gain the chance to join MOD on that journey.
Engage with FASTER
FASTER will start a series of engagement events in 2022. Technology innovators from MOD, academia, and industry are encouraged to join our mailing list and stay informed of opportunities to engage with the FASTER programme. To do so, please email the FASTER team.
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About this schools Wikipedia selection
SOS Children has tried to make Wikipedia content more accessible by this schools selection. SOS Children is the world's largest charity giving orphaned and abandoned children the chance of family life.
Location of England (dark green)
– in European continent (light green & dark grey)
and largest city
|Official languages||English ( de facto)|
|Recognised regional languages||Cornish|
|Ethnic groups (2011)||
|Government||Non- devolved constituent country within a constitutional monarchy|
|-||Prime Minister of the United Kingdom||David Cameron MP|
|Legislature||Parliament of the United Kingdom|
50,346 sq mi
|GDP (nominal)||2009 estimate|
|Currency||Pound sterling (
|Time zone||GMT ( UTC0)|
|-||Summer ( DST)||BST ( UTC+1)|
|Date format||dd/mm/yyyy (AD)|
|Drives on the||left|
|Patron saint||Saint George|
England ( / /) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies north west of England, whilst the Celtic Sea lies to the south west. The North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in 927 AD, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation.
England's terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there are uplands in the north (for example, the mountainous Lake District, Pennines, and Yorkshire Dales) and in the south west (for example, Dartmoor and the Cotswolds). The former capital of England was Winchester until replaced by London in 1066. Today London is the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. England's population is about 53 million, around 84% of the population of the United Kingdom, and is largely concentrated in London, the South East and conurbations in the Midlands, the North West, the North East and Yorkshire, which each developed as major industrial regions during the 19th century. Meadowlands and pastures are found beyond the major cities.
The Kingdom of England - which after 1284 included Wales - was a sovereign state until 1 May 1707, when the Acts of Union put into effect the terms agreed in the Treaty of Union the previous year, resulting in a political union with the Kingdom of Scotland to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922, the Irish Free State was established as a separate dominion, but the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 reincorporated into the kingdom six Irish counties to officially create the current United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
The name "England" is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means "land of the Angles". The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the Early Middle Ages. The Angles came from the Angeln peninsula in the Bay of Kiel area of the Baltic Sea. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first known use of "England" to refer to the southern part of the island of Great Britain occurs in 897, and its modern spelling was first used in 1538.
The earliest attested mention of the name occurs in the 1st century work by Tacitus, Germania, in which the Latin word Anglii is used. The etymology of the tribal name itself is disputed by scholars; it has been suggested that it derives from the shape of the Angeln peninsula, an angular shape. How and why a term derived from the name of a tribe that was less significant than others, such as the Saxons, came to be used for the entire country and its people is not known, but it seems this is related to the custom of calling the Germanic people in Britain Angli Saxones or English Saxons. In Scottish Gaelic, another language which developed on the island of Great Britain, the Saxon tribe gave their name to the word for England (Sasunn), and the Welsh use "Saesneg" - a form derived from "Saxon" - to describe the English language.
An alternative name for England is Albion. The name Albion originally referred to the entire island of Great Britain. The earliest record of the name appears in the Aristotelian Corpus, specifically the 4th century BC De Mundo: "Beyond the Pillars of Hercules is the ocean that flows round the earth. In it are two very large islands called Britannia; these are Albion and Ierne". The word Albion (Ἀλβίων) or insula Albionum has two possible origins. It either derives from a cognate of the Latin albus meaning white, a reference to the white cliffs of Dover, the only part of Britain visible from the European Continent, or from the phrase in Massaliote Periplus, the "island of the Albiones". Albion is now applied to England in a more poetic capacity. Another romantic name for England is Loegria, related to the Welsh word for England, Lloegr, and made popular by its use in Arthurian legend.
Prehistory and antiquity
The earliest known evidence of human presence in the area now known as England was that of Homo antecessor, dating to approximately 780,000 years ago. The oldest proto-human bones discovered in England date from 500,000 years ago. Modern humans are known to have first inhabited the area during the Upper Paleolithic period, though permanent settlements were only established within the last 6,000 years. After the last ice age only large mammals such as mammoths, bison and woolly rhinoceros remained. Roughly 11,000 years ago, when the ice sheets began to recede, humans repopulated the area; genetic research suggests they came from the northern part of the Iberian Peninsula. The sea level was lower than now, and Britain was connected by land to both Ireland and Eurasia. As the seas rose, it was separated from Ireland 10,000 years ago and from Eurasia two millennia later.
The Beaker culture arrived around 2500 BC, introducing drinking and food vessels constructed from clay, as well as vessels used as reduction pots to smelt copper ores. It was during this time that major Neolithic monuments such as Stonehenge and Avebury were constructed. By heating together tin and copper, both of which were in abundance in the area, the Beaker culture people made bronze, and later iron from iron ores. The development of iron smelting allowed the construction of better ploughs, advancing agriculture (for instance, with Celtic fields), as well as the production of more effective weapons.
According to John T. Koch and others, England in the Late Bronze Age was part of a maritime trading-networked culture called the Atlantic Bronze Age, that included the whole of the British Isles and much of what we now regard as France, together with the Iberian Peninsula. Celtic languages developed in those areas; Tartessian may have been the earliest written Celtic language.
During the Iron Age, Celtic culture, deriving from the Hallstatt and La Tène cultures, arrived from Central Europe. Brythonic was the spoken language during this time. Society was tribal; according to Ptolemy's Geographia there were around 20 tribes in the area. Earlier divisions are unknown because the Britons were not literate. Like other regions on the edge of the Empire, Britain had long enjoyed trading links with the Romans. Julius Caesar of the Roman Republic attempted to invade twice in 55 BC; although largely unsuccessful, he managed to set up a client king from the Trinovantes.
The Romans invaded Britain in AD 43 during the reign of Emperor Claudius, subsequently conquering much of Britain, and the area was incorporated into the Roman Empire as Britannia province. The best-known of the native tribes who attempted to resist were the Catuvellauni led by Caratacus. Later, an uprising led by Boudica, Queen of the Iceni, ended with Boudica's suicide following her defeat at the Battle of Watling Street. This era saw a Greco-Roman culture prevail with the introduction of Roman law, Roman architecture, sewage systems, many agricultural items, and silk. In the 3rd century, Emperor Septimius Severus died at Eboracum (modern-day York), where Constantine was subsequently proclaimed emperor.
There is debate about when Christianity was first introduced; it was no later than the 4th century, with probability lying much earlier. According to Bede, missionaries were sent from Rome by Eleutherius at the request of the chieftain Lucius of Britain in AD 180 to settle differences as to Eastern and Western ceremonials which were disturbing the church. There are traditions linked to Glastonbury claiming an introduction through Joseph of Arimathea, while others claim through Lucius of Britain. By 410, as the Empire declined, Britain was left exposed by the withdrawal of Roman army units, to defend the frontiers in continental Europe and partake in civil wars.
Roman military withdrawals left Britain open to invasion by pagan, seafaring warriors from north-western continental Europe, chiefly the Angles, Saxons and Jutes who had long raided the coasts of the Roman province and began to settle, initially in the eastern part of the country. Their advance was contained for some decades after the Britons' victory at the Battle of Mount Badon, but subsequently resumed, over-running the fertile lowlands of Britain and reducing the area under Brythonic control to a series of separate enclaves in the more rugged country to the west by the end of the 6th century. Contemporary texts describing this period are extremely scarce, giving rise to its description as a Dark Age. The nature and progression of the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain is consequently subject to considerable disagreement. Christianity had in general disappeared from the conquered territories, but was reintroduced by missionaries from Rome led by Augustine from 597 onwards and by Irish missionaries led by Aidan around the same time. Disputes between the varying influences represented by these missions ended in victory for the Roman tradition.
During the settlement period the lands ruled by the incomers seem to have been fragmented into numerous tribal territories, but by the 7th century, when substantial evidence of the situation again becomes available, these had coalesced into roughly a dozen kingdoms including Northumbria, Mercia, Wessex, East Anglia, Essex, Kent and Sussex. Over the following centuries this process of political consolidation continued. The 7th century saw a struggle for hegemony between Northumbria and Mercia, which in the 8th century gave way to Mercian preeminence. In the early 9th century Mercia was displaced as the foremost kingdom by Wessex. Later in that century escalating attacks by the Danes culminated in the conquest of the north and east of England, overthrowing the kingdoms of Northumbria, Mercia and East Anglia. Wessex under Alfred the Great was left as the only surviving English kingdom, and under his successors it steadily expanded at the expense of the kingdoms of the Danelaw. This brought about the political unification of England, first accomplished under Æthelstan in 927 and definitively established after further conflicts by Eadred in 953. A fresh wave of Scandinavian attacks from the late 10th century ended with the conquest of this united kingdom by Sweyn Forkbeard in 1013 and again by his son Cnut in 1016, turning it into the centre of a short-lived North Sea empire that also included Denmark and Norway. However the native royal dynasty was restored with the accession of Edward the Confessor in 1042.
A dispute over the succession to Edward led to the Norman conquest of England in 1066, accomplished by an army led by Duke William of Normandy. The Normans themselves originated from Scandinavia and had settled in Normandy in the late 9th and early 10th centuries. This conquest led to the almost total dispossession of the English elite and its replacement by a new French-speaking aristocracy, whose speech had a profound and permanent effect on the English language.
The House of Plantagenet from Anjou inherited the English throne under Henry II, adding England to the budding Angevin Empire of fiefs the family had inherited in France including Aquitaine. They reigned for three centuries, proving noted monarchs such as Richard I, Edward I, Edward III and Henry V. The period saw changes in trade and legislation, including the signing of the Magna Carta, an English legal charter used to limit the sovereign's powers by law and protect the privileges of freemen. Catholic monasticism flourished, providing philosophers and the universities of Oxford and Cambridge were founded with royal patronage. The Principality of Wales became a Plantagenet fief during the 13th century and the Lordship of Ireland was gifted to the English monarchy by the Pope.
During the 14th century, the Plantagenets and House of Valois both claimed to be legitimate claimants to House of Capet and with it France—the two powers clashed in the Hundred Years' War. The Black Death epidemic hit England; starting in 1348, it eventually killed up to half of England's inhabitants. From 1453 to 1487 civil war between two branches of the royal family occurred—the Yorkists and Lancastrians—known as the Wars of the Roses. Eventually it led to the Yorkists losing the throne entirely to a Welsh noble family the Tudors, a branch of the Lancastrians headed by Henry Tudor who invaded with Welsh and Breton mercenaries, gaining victory at the Battle of Bosworth Field where the Yorkist king Richard III was killed.
During the Tudor period, the Renaissance reached England through Italian courtiers, who reintroduced artistic, educational and scholarly debate from classical antiquity. During this time England began to develop naval skills, and exploration to the West intensified.
Henry VIII broke from communion with the Catholic Church, over issues relating to divorce, under the Acts of Supremacy in 1534 which proclaimed the monarch head of the Church of England. In contrast with much of European Protestantism, the roots of the split were more political than theological. He also legally incorporated his ancestral land Wales into the Kingdom of England with the 1535–1542 acts. There were internal religious conflicts during the reigns of Henry's daughters, Mary I and Elizabeth I. The former brought the country back to Catholicism, while the later broke from it again, more forcefully asserting the supremacy of Anglicanism.
An English fleet under Francis Drake defeated an invading Spanish Armada during the Elizabethan period. Competing with Spain, the first English colony in the Americas was founded in 1585 by explorer Walter Raleigh in Virginia and named Roanoke. The Roanoke colony failed and is known as the lost colony, after it was found abandoned on the return of the late arriving supply ship. With the East India Company, England also competed with the Dutch and French in the East. The political structure of the island was changed in 1603, when the Stuart James VI of Scotland, a kingdom which was a longtime rival, inherited the throne of England as James I—creating a personal union . He styled himself King of Great Britain, although this had no basis in English law. Under the auspices of King James VI and I the so-called Authorized King James Version of the Holy Bible was published in 1611. It has not only been ranked with Shakespeare's works as the greatest masterpiece of literature in the English language, but also has been the standard version of the Bible most Christians have read for four hundred years.
Based on conflicting political, religious and social positions, the English Civil War was fought between the supporters of Parliament and those of King Charles I, known as Roundheads and Cavaliers respectively. This was an interwoven part of the wider multifaceted Wars of the Three Kingdoms, involving Scotland and Ireland. The Parliamentarians were victorious, Charles I was executed and the kingdom replaced with the Commonwealth. Leader of the Parliament forces, Oliver Cromwell declared himself Lord Protector in 1653, a period of personal rule followed. After Cromwell's death, and his son Richard's resignation as Lord Protector, Charles II was invited to return as monarch in 1660 with the Restoration. It was now constitutionally established that King and Parliament should rule together, though Parliament would have the real power. This was established with the Bill of Rights in 1689. Among the statutes set down were that the law could only be made by Parliament and could not be suspended by the King, and the King could not impose taxes or raise an army without prior approval by Parliament. With the founding of the Royal Society in 1660, science was greatly encouraged.
The Great Fire of London in 1666 gutted the City of London but it was rebuilt shortly afterwards. In Parliament two factions had emerged—the Tories and Whigs. The former were royalists while the latter were classical liberals. Though the Tories initially supported Catholic king James II, some of them, along with the Whigs, deposed him in the Revolution of 1688 and invited Dutch prince William III to become monarch. Some English people, especially in the north, were Jacobites and continued to support James and his sons. After the parliaments of England and Scotland agreed, the two countries joined in political union, to create the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707. To accommodate the union, institutions such as the law and national church of each remained separate.
Late Modern and contemporary
Under the newly formed Kingdom of Great Britain, output from the Royal Society and other English initiatives combined with the Scottish Enlightenment to create innovations in science and engineering. This paved the way for the establishment of the British Empire. Domestically it drove the Industrial Revolution, a period of profound change in the socioeconomic and cultural conditions of England, resulting in industrialised agriculture, manufacture, engineering and mining, as well as new and pioneering road, rail and water networks to facilitate their expansion and development. The opening of Northwest England's Bridgewater Canal in 1761 ushered in the canal age in Britain. In 1825 the world's first permanent steam locomotive-hauled passenger railway—the Stockton and Darlington Railway—opened to the public.
During the Industrial Revolution, many workers moved from England's countryside to new and expanding urban industrial areas to work in factories, for instance at Manchester and Birmingham, dubbed "Warehouse City" and "Workshop of the World" respectively. England maintained relative stability throughout the French Revolution; William Pitt the Younger was British Prime Minister for the reign of George III. During the Napoleonic Wars, Napoleon planned to invade from the south-east. However this failed to manifest and the Napoleonic forces were defeated by the British at sea by Lord Nelson and on land by the Duke of Wellington. The Napoleonic Wars fostered a concept of Britishness and a united national British people, shared with the Scots and Welsh.
London became the largest and most populous metropolitan area in the world during the Victorian era, and trade within the British Empire—as well as the standing of the British military and navy—was prestigious. Political agitation at home from radicals such as the Chartists and the suffragettes enabled legislative reform and universal suffrage. Power shifts in east-central Europe led to World War I; hundreds of thousands of English soldiers died fighting for the United Kingdom as part of the Allies. Two decades later, in World War II, the United Kingdom was again one of the Allies. At the end of the Phoney War, Winston Churchill became the wartime Prime Minister. Developments in warfare technology saw many cities damaged by air-raids during the Blitz. Following the war, the British Empire experienced rapid decolonisation, and there was a speeding up of technological innovations; automobiles became the primary means of transport and Frank Whittle's development of the jet engine led to wider air travel. Residential patterns were altered in England by private motoring, and by the creation of the National Health Service (NHS) in 1948. England's NHS provided publicly funded health care to all UK permanent residents free at the point of need, being paid for from general taxation. Combined, these changes prompted the reform of local government in England in the mid-20th century.
Since the 20th century there has been significant population movement to England, mostly from other parts of the British Isles, but also from the Commonwealth, particularly the Indian subcontinent. Since the 1970s there has been a large move away from manufacturing and an increasing emphasis on the service industry. As part of the United Kingdom, the area joined a common market initiative called the European Economic Community which became the European Union. Since the late 20th century the administration of the United Kingdom has moved towards devolved governance in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. England and Wales continues to exist as a jurisdiction within the United Kingdom. Devolution has stimulated a greater emphasis on a more English-specific identity and patriotism. There is no devolved English government, but an attempt to create a similar system on a sub-regional basis was rejected by referendum.
As part of the United Kingdom, the basic political system in England is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary system. There has not been a Government of England since 1707, when the Acts of Union 1707, putting into effect the terms of the Treaty of Union, joined England and Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. Before the union England was ruled by its monarch and the Parliament of England. Today England is governed directly by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, although other countries of the United Kingdom have devolved governments. In the House of Commons which is the lower house of the British Parliament based at the Palace of Westminster, there are 532 Members of Parliament (MPs) for constituencies in England, out of the 650 total.
In the United Kingdom general election, 2010 the Conservative Party had won an absolute majority in England's 532 contested seats with 61 seats more than all other parties combined (the Speaker of the House not being counted as a Conservative). However, taking Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales into account this was not enough to secure an overall majority, resulting in a hung parliament. In order to achieve a majority the Conservative party, headed by David Cameron, entered into a coalition agreement with the third largest party, the Liberal Democrats, led by Nick Clegg. Subsequently the Labour Party leader, Gordon Brown was forced to step down as prime minister and leader of the Labour party, now led by Ed Miliband.
As the United Kingdom is a member of the European Union, there are elections held regionally in England to decide who is sent as Members of the European Parliament. The 2009 European Parliament election saw the regions of England elect the following MEPs: 23 Conservatives, ten Labour, nine UK Independence Party (UKIP), nine Liberal Democrats, two Greens and two British National Party (BNP).
Since devolution, in which other countries of the United Kingdom—Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland—each have their own devolved parliament or assemblies for local issues, there has been debate about how to counterbalance this in England. Originally it was planned that various regions of England would be devolved, but following the proposal's rejection by the North East in a referendum, this has not been carried out.
One major issue is the West Lothian question, in which MPs from Scotland and Wales are able to vote on legislation affecting only England, while English MPs have no equivalent right to legislate on devolved matters. This when placed in the context of England being the only country of the United Kingdom not to have free cancer treatment, prescriptions, residential care for the elderly and free top-up university fees, has led to a steady rise in English nationalism. Some have suggested the creation of a devolved English parliament, while others have proposed simply limiting voting on legislation which only affects England to English MPs.
The English law legal system, developed over the centuries, is the basis of common law legal systems used in most Commonwealth countries and the United States (except Louisiana). Despite now being part of the United Kingdom, the legal system of the Courts of England and Wales continued, under the Treaty of Union, as a separate legal system from the one used in Scotland. The general essence of English law is that it is made by judges sitting in courts, applying their common sense and knowledge of legal precedent— stare decisis—to the facts before them.
The court system is headed by the Senior Courts of England and Wales, consisting of the Court of Appeal, the High Court of Justice for civil cases, and the Crown Court for criminal cases. The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is the highest court for criminal and civil cases in England and Wales. It was created in 2009 after constitutional changes, taking over the judicial functions of the House of Lords. A decision of the Supreme Court is binding on every other court in the hierarchy, which must follow its directions.
Crime increased between 1981 and 1995, but fell by 42% in the period 1995–2006. The prison population doubled over the same period, giving it the highest incarceration rate in Western Europe at 147 per 100,000. Her Majesty's Prison Service, reporting to the Ministry of Justice, manages most prisons, housing over 85,000 convicts.
Regions, counties, and districts
The subdivisions of England consist of up to four levels of subnational division controlled through a variety of types of administrative entities created for the purposes of local government. The highest tier of local government were the nine regions of England: North East, North West, Yorkshire and the Humber, East Midlands, West Midlands, East, South East, South West, and London. These were created in 1994 as Government Offices, used by the British Government to deliver a wide range of policies and programmes regionally, but there are no elected bodies at this level, except in London, and in 2011 the regional Government offices were abolished. The same boundaries remain in use for electing Members of the European Parliament on a regional basis.
After devolution began to take place in other parts of the United Kingdom it was planned that referendums for the regions of England would take place for their own elected regional assemblies as a counterweight. London accepted in 1998: the London Assembly was created two years later. However, when the proposal was rejected by the northern England devolution referendums, 2004 in the North East, further referendums were cancelled. The regional assemblies outside London were abolished in 2010, and their functions transferred to respective Regional Development Agencies and a new system of local authority leaders' boards.
Below the regional level, all of England is divided into 48 ceremonial counties. These are used primarily as a geographical frame of reference and have developed gradually since the Middle Ages, with some established as recently as 1974. Each has a Lord Lieutenant and High Sheriff; these posts are used to represent the British monarch locally. Outside Greater London and the Isles of Scilly, England is also divided into 83 metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties; these correspond to areas used for the purposes of local government and may consist of a single district or be divided into several.
There are six metropolitan counties based on the most heavily urbanised areas, which do not have county councils. In these areas the principal authorities are the councils of the subdivisions, the metropolitan boroughs. Elsewhere, 27 non-metropolitan "shire" counties have a county council and are divided into districts, each with a district council. They are typically, though not always, found in more rural areas. The remaining non-metropolitan counties are of a single district and usually correspond to large towns or sparsely populated counties; they are known as unitary authorities. Greater London has a different system for local government, with 32 London boroughs, plus the City of London covering a small area at the core, governed by the City of London Corporation. At the most localised level, much of England is divided into civil parishes with councils; they do not exist in Greater London.
Landscape and rivers
Geographically England includes the central and southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain, plus such offshore islands as the Isle of Wight and the Isles of Scilly. It is bordered by two other countries of the United Kingdom— to the north by Scotland and to the west by Wales. England is closer to the European continent than any other part of mainland Britain. It is separated from France by a 34-kilometre (21 mi) sea gap, though the two countries are connected by the Channel Tunnel near Folkestone. England also has shores on the Irish Sea, North Sea and Atlantic Ocean.
The ports of London, Liverpool, and Newcastle lie on the tidal rivers Thames, Mersey and Tyne respectively. At 354 kilometres (220 mi), the Severn is the longest river flowing through England. It empties into the Bristol Channel and is notable for its Severn Bore tidal waves, which can reach 2 metres (6.6 ft) in height. However, the longest river entirely in England is the Thames, which is 346 kilometres (215 mi) in length. There are many lakes in England; the largest is Windermere, within the aptly named Lake District.
In geological terms, the Pennines, known as the "backbone of England", are the oldest range of mountains in the country, originating from the end of the Paleozoic Era around 300 million years ago. Their geological composition includes, among others, sandstone and limestone, and also coal. There are karst landscapes in calcite areas such as parts of Yorkshire and Derbyshire. The Pennine landscape is high moorland in upland areas, indented by fertile valleys of the region's rivers. They contain three national parks, the Yorkshire Dales, Northumberland, and the Peak District. The highest point in England, at 978 metres (3,209 ft), is Scafell Pike in Cumbria. Straddling the border between England and Scotland are the Cheviot Hills.
The English Lowlands are to the south of the Pennines, consisting of green rolling hills, including the Cotswold Hills, Chiltern Hills, North and South Downs—where they meet the sea they form white rock exposures such as the cliffs of Dover. The granite Southwest Peninsula in the West Country includes upland moorland, such as Dartmoor and Exmoor, and enjoys a mild climate; both are national parks.
England has a temperate maritime climate: it is mild with temperatures not much lower than 0 °C (32 °F) in winter and not much higher than 32 °C (90 °F) in summer. The weather is damp relatively frequently and is changeable. The coldest months are January and February, the latter particularly on the English coast, while July is normally the warmest month. Months with mild to warm weather are May, June, September and October. Rainfall is spread fairly evenly throughout the year.
Important influences on the climate of England are its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean, its northern latitude and the warming of the sea by the Gulf Stream. Rainfall is higher in the west, and parts of the Lake District receive more rain than anywhere else in the country. Since weather records began, the highest temperature recorded was 38.5 °C (101.3 °F) on 10 August 2003 at Brogdale in Kent, while the lowest was −26.1 °C (−15.0 °F) on 10 January 1982 in Edgmond, Shropshire.
|Climate data for England|
|Average high °C (°F)||7
|Average low °C (°F)||1
|Precipitation mm (inches)||83
|Source: Met Office|
The Greater London Urban Area is by far the largest urban area in England and one of the busiest cities in the world. It is considered a global city and has a population larger than other countries in the United Kingdom besides England itself. Other urban areas of considerable size and influence tend to be in northern England or the English Midlands. There are fifty settlements which have been designated city status in England, while the wider United Kingdom has sixty-six.
While many cities in England are quite large in size, such as Birmingham, Sheffield, Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds, Newcastle, Bradford, Nottingham and others, a large population is not necessarily a prerequisite for a settlement to be afforded city status. Traditionally the status was afforded to towns with diocesan cathedrals and so there are smaller cities like Wells, Ely, Ripon, Truro and Chichester. According to the Office for National Statistics the ten largest, continuous built-up urban areas are:
|Rank||Urban area||Population||Localities||Major localities|
|1||Greater London Urban Area||8,278,251||67||Greater London, divided into the City of London and 32 London boroughs including Croydon, Barnet, Ealing, Bromley|
|2||West Midlands Urban Area||2,284,093||22||Birmingham, Wolverhampton, Dudley, Walsall, Aldridge|
|3||Greater Manchester Urban Area||2,240,230||57||Manchester, Salford, Bolton, Stockport, Oldham|
|4||West Yorkshire Urban Area||1,499,465||26||Leeds, Bradford, Huddersfield, Wakefield|
|5||Tyneside||879,996||25||Newcastle, North Shields, South Shields, Gateshead, Jarrow|
|6||Liverpool Urban Area||816,216||8||Liverpool, St Helens, Bootle, Huyton-with-Roby|
|7||Nottingham Urban Area||666,358||15||Nottingham, Beeston and Stapleford, Carlton, Long Eaton|
|8||Sheffield Urban Area||640,720||7||Sheffield, Rotherham, Chapeltown, Mosborough|
|9||Bristol Urban Area||551,066||7||Bristol, Kingswood, Mangotsfield, Stoke Gifford|
|10||Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton||461,181||10||Brighton, Worthing, Hove, Littlehampton, Shoreham, Lancing|
England's economy is one of the largest in the world, with an average GDP per capita of £22,907. Usually regarded as a mixed market economy, it has adopted many free market principles, yet maintains an advanced social welfare infrastructure. The official currency in England is the pound sterling, whose ISO 4217 code is GBP. Taxation in England is quite competitive when compared to much of the rest of Europe—as of 2009 the basic rate of personal tax is 20% on taxable income up to £37,400, and 40% on any additional earnings above that amount.
The economy of England is the largest part of the UK's economy, which has the 18th highest GDP PPP per capita in the world. England is a leader in the chemical and pharmaceutical sectors and in key technical industries, particularly aerospace, the arms industry, and the manufacturing side of the software industry. London, home to the London Stock Exchange, the United Kingdom's main stock exchange and the largest in Europe, is England's financial centre—100 of Europe's 500 largest corporations are based in London. London is the largest financial centre in Europe, and as of 2009 is also the largest in the world.
The Bank of England, founded in 1694 by Scottish banker William Paterson, is the United Kingdom's central bank. Originally established as private banker to the Government of England, since 1946 it has been a state-owned institution. The Bank has a monopoly on the issue of banknotes in England and Wales, although not in other parts of the United Kingdom. The government has devolved responsibility to the Bank's Monetary Policy Committee for managing the monetary policy of the country and setting interest rates.
England is highly industrialised, but since the 1970s there has been a decline in traditional heavy and manufacturing industries, and an increasing emphasis on a more service industry oriented economy. Tourism has become a significant industry, attracting millions of visitors to England each year. The export part of the economy is dominated by pharmaceuticals, cars—although many English marques are now foreign-owned, such as Rolls-Royce, Lotus, Jaguar and Bentley—crude oil and petroleum from the English parts of North Sea oil along with Wytch Farm, aircraft engines and alcoholic beverages. Agriculture is intensive and highly mechanised, producing 60% of food needs with only 2% of the labour force. Two thirds of production is devoted to livestock, the other to arable crops.
Science and technology
Prominent English figures from the field of science and mathematics include Sir Isaac Newton, Michael Faraday, Robert Hooke, Robert Boyle, Joseph Priestley, J. J. Thomson, Charles Babbage, Charles Darwin, Stephen Hawking, Christopher Wren, Alan Turing, Francis Crick, Joseph Lister, Tim Berners-Lee, Paul Dirac, Andrew Wiles and Richard Dawkins. Some experts claim that the earliest concept of a metric system was invented by John Wilkins, the first secretary of the Royal Society, in 1668. As the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution, England was home to many significant inventors during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Famous English engineers include Isambard Kingdom Brunel, best known for the creation of the Great Western Railway, a series of famous steamships, and numerous important bridges, hence revolutionising public transport and modern-day engineering. Thomas Newcomen's steam engine helped spawn the Industrial Revolution. The physician Edward Jenner's smallpox vaccine is said to have "saved more lives [...] than were lost in all the wars of mankind since the beginning of recorded history."
Inventions and discoveries of the English include: the jet engine, the first industrial spinning machine, the first computer and the first modern computer, the World Wide Web along with HTML, the first successful human blood transfusion, the motorised vacuum cleaner, the lawn mower, the seat belt, the hovercraft, the electric motor, steam engines, and theories such as the Darwinian theory of evolution and atomic theory. Newton developed the ideas of universal gravitation, Newtonian mechanics, and infinitesimal calculus, and Robert Hooke his eponymously named law of elasticity. Other inventions include the iron plate railway, the thermosiphon, tarmac, the rubber band, the mousetrap, "cat's eye" road marker, joint development of the light bulb, steam locomotives, the modern seed drill and many modern techniques and technologies used in precision engineering.
The Department for Transport is the government body responsible for overseeing transport in England. There are many motorways in England, and many other trunk roads, such as the A1 Great North Road, which runs through eastern England from London to Newcastle (much of this section is motorway) and onward to the Scottish border. The longest motorway in England is the M6, from Rugby through the North West up to the Anglo-Scottish border. Other major routes include: the M1 from London to Leeds, the M25 which encircles London, the M60 which encircles Manchester, the M4 from London to South Wales, the M62 from Liverpool via Manchester to East Yorkshire, and the M5 from Birmingham to Bristol and the South West.
Bus transport across the country is widespread; major companies include National Express, Arriva and Go-Ahead Group. The red double-decker buses in London have become a symbol of England. There is a rapid rail network in two English cities: the London Underground; and the Tyne and Wear Metro in Newcastle, Gateshead and Sunderland. There are several tram networks, such as the Blackpool tramway, Manchester Metrolink, Sheffield Supertram and Midland Metro, and the Tramlink system centred on Croydon in South London.
Rail transport in England is the oldest in the world: passenger railways originated in England in 1825. Much of Britain's 16,116 kilometres (10,014 mi) of rail network lies in England, covering the country fairly extensively, although a high proportion of railway lines were closed in the second half of the 20th century. There are plans to reopen lines such as the Varsity Line between Oxford and Cambridge. These lines are mostly standard gauge ( single, double or quadruple track) though there are also a few narrow gauge lines. There is rail transport access to France and Belgium through an undersea rail link, the Channel Tunnel, which was completed in 1994.
England has extensive domestic and international aviation links. The largest airport is London Heathrow, which is the world's busiest airport measured by number of international passengers. Other large airports include Manchester Airport, London Stansted Airport, Luton Airport and Birmingham Airport. By sea there is ferry transport, both local and international, including to Ireland, the Netherlands and Belgium. There are around 7,100 km (4,400 mi) of navigable waterways in England, half of which is owned by the Canal and River Trust, however water transport is very limited. The Thames is the major waterway in England, with imports and exports focused at the Port of Tilbury in the Thames Estuary, one of the United Kingdom's three major ports.
The National Health Service (NHS) is the publicly funded healthcare system in England responsible for providing the majority of healthcare in the country. The NHS began on 5 July 1948, putting into effect the provisions of the National Health Service Act 1946. It was based on the findings of the Beveridge Report, prepared by economist and social reformer William Beveridge. The NHS is largely funded from general taxation including National Insurance payments, and it provides most of its services free at the point of use, although there are charges for some people for eye tests, dental care, prescriptions and aspects of personal care.
The government department responsible for the NHS is the Department of Health, headed by the Secretary of State for Health, who sits in the British Cabinet. Most of the expenditure of the Department of Health is spent on the NHS—£98.6 billion was spent in 2008–2009. In recent years the private sector has been increasingly used to provide more NHS services despite opposition by doctors and trade unions. The average life expectancy of people in England is 77.5 years for males and 81.7 years for females, the highest of the four countries of the United Kingdom.
With over 53 million inhabitants, England is by far the most populous country of the United Kingdom, accounting for 84% of the combined total. England taken as a unit and measured against international states has the fourth largest population in the European Union and would be the 25th largest country by population in the world. With a density of 407 people per square kilometre, it would be the second most densely populated country in the European Union after Malta.
The English people are a British people. Some genetic evidence suggests that 75–95% descend in the paternal line from prehistoric settlers who originally came from the Iberian Peninsula, as well as a 5% contribution from Angles and Saxons, and a significant Norse element. However, other geneticists place the Norse- Germanic estimate up to half. Over time, various cultures have been influential: Prehistoric, Brythonic, Roman, Anglo-Saxon, Norse Viking, Gaelic cultures, as well as a large influence from Normans. There is an English diaspora in former parts of the British Empire; especially the United States, Canada, Australia, Chile, South Africa and New Zealand. Since the late 1990s, many English people have migrated to Spain.
At the time of the Domesday Book, compiled in 1086, more than 90% of the English population of about two million lived in the countryside. By 1801 the population had grown to 8.3 million, and by 1901 had grown to 30.5 million. Due in particular to the economic prosperity of South East England, it has received many economic migrants from the other parts of the United Kingdom. There has been significant Irish migration. The proportion of ethnically European residents totals at 87.50%, including Germans and Poles.
Other people from much further afield in the former British colonies have arrived since the 1950s: in particular, 6% of people living in England have family origins in the Indian subcontinent, mostly India and Pakistan. 2.90% of the population are black, from both the Caribbean and countries in Africa itself, especially former British colonies. There is a significant number of Chinese and British Chinese. As of 2007, 22% of primary school children in England were from ethnic minority families. About half of the population increase between 1991 and 2001 was due to immigration. Debate over immigration is politically prominent; according to a Home Office poll, 80% of people want to cap it. The ONS has projected that the population will grow by six million between 2004 and 2029.
As its name suggests, the English language, today spoken by hundreds of millions of people around the world, originated as the language of England, where it remains the principal tongue today. It is an Indo-European language in the Anglo-Frisian branch of the Germanic family. After the Norman conquest, the Old English language was displaced and confined to the lower social classes as Norman French and Latin were used by the aristocracy.
By the 15th century, English came back into fashion among all classes, though much changed; the Middle English form showed many signs of French influence, both in vocabulary and spelling. During the English Renaissance, many words were coined from Latin and Greek origins. Modern English has extended this custom of flexibility, when it comes to incorporating words from different languages. Thanks in large part to the British Empire, the English language is the world's unofficial lingua franca.
English language learning and teaching is an important economic activity, and includes language schooling, tourism spending, and publishing. There is no legislation mandating an official language for England, but English is the only language used for official business. Despite the country's relatively small size, there are many distinct regional accents, and individuals with particularly strong accents may not be easily understood everywhere in the country.
Cornish, which died out as a community language in the 18th century, is being revived, and is now protected under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. It is spoken by 0.1% of people in Cornwall, and is taught to some degree in several primary and secondary schools. State schools teach students a second language, usually French, German or Spanish. Due to immigration, it was reported in 2007 that around 800,000 school students spoke a foreign language at home, the most common being Punjabi and Urdu.
Christianity is the most widely practised religion in England, as it has been since the Early Middle Ages, although it was first introduced much earlier, in Gaelic and Roman times. It continued through Early Insular Christianity, and today about 59% of English people identify as Christians. The largest form practised in the present day is Anglicanism, dating from the 16th century Reformation period, with the 1536 split from Rome over Henry VIII wanting to divorce Catherine of Aragon, and the need for the Bible in the English tongue. The religion regards itself as both Catholic and Reformed.
There are High Church and Low Church traditions, and some Anglicans regard themselves as Anglo-Catholics, after the Tractarian movement. The monarch of the United Kingdom is a titular leader of the Church, acting as its Supreme Governor. It has the status of established church in England. There are around 26 million adherents to the Church of England and they form part of the Anglican Communion with the Archbishop of Canterbury acting as the symbolic worldwide head. Many cathedrals and parish churches are historic buildings of significant architectural importance, such as Westminster Abbey, York Minster, Durham Cathedral and Salisbury Cathedral.
The second largest Christian practice is the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church, which traces its formal, corporate history in England to the 6th century with Augustine's mission and was the main religion on the entire island for around a thousand years. Since its reintroduction after the Catholic Emancipation, the Church has organised ecclesiastically on an England and Wales basis where there are 4.5 million members (most of whom are English). There has been one Pope from England to date, Adrian IV; while saints Bede and Anselm are regarded as Doctors of the Church.
A form of Protestantism known as Methodism is the third largest Christian practice and grew out of Anglicanism through John Wesley. It gained popularity in the mill towns of Lancashire and Yorkshire, and amongst tin miners in Cornwall. There are other non-conformist minorities, such as Baptists, Quakers, Congregationalists, Unitarians and The Salvation Army.
The patron saint of England is Saint George; his symbolic cross is included in the flag of England, as well as in the Union Flag as part of a combination. There are many other English and associated saints; some of the best known include: Cuthbert, Edmund, Alban, Wilfrid, Aidan, Edward the Confessor, John Fisher, Thomas More, Petroc, Piran, Margaret Clitherow and Thomas Becket. There are non-Christian religions practised. Jews have a history of a small minority on the island since 1070. They were expelled from England in 1290 following the Edict of Expulsion, only to be allowed back in 1656.
Especially since the 1950s, Eastern religions from the former British colonies have begun to appear, due to foreign immigration; Islam is the most common of these, accounting for around 5% of the population in England. Hinduism, Sikhism and Buddhism are next in number, adding up to 2.8% combined, introduced from India and South East Asia. Around 25% have no religion.
The Department for Education is the government department responsible for issues affecting people in England up to the age of 19, including education. State-run and -funded schools are attended by approximately 93% of English schoolchildren. Of these, a minority are faith schools, primarily Church of England or Catholic. Between three and four is nursery school, 4 and 11 is primary school, and 11 to 16 is secondary school. After finishing compulsory education, pupils take a GCSE examination, following which they may decide to continue in further education for two years. Further education colleges, such as sixth form colleges are either separate or attached to the secondary school institution and prepare students to sit A-Level examinations, for higher education at universities.
Although most English secondary schools are comprehensive, in some areas there are selective intake grammar schools, to which entrance is subject to passing the eleven plus exam. Around 7.2% of English schoolchildren attend private schools, which are funded by private sources. Standards in state schools are monitored by the Office for Standards in Education, and in private schools by the Independent Schools Inspectorate.
Students normally enter universities in the United Kingdom from 18 onwards, where they study for an academic degree. There are over 90 universities England, all but one of which are public. The Department for Business, Innovation and Skills is the government department responsible for higher education in England. Students are generally entitled to student loans for maintenance. The first degree offered to undergraduates is the Bachelor's degree, which usually takes three years to complete. Students are then eligible for a postgraduate degree, a Master's degree, taking one year, or a Doctorate degree, which takes three.
England's universities include some of the highest-ranked universities in the world; the University of Cambridge, Imperial College London, the University of Oxford and University College London are all ranked in the global top 10 in the 2010 QS World University Rankings. The London School of Economics has been described as the world's leading social science institution for both teaching and research. The London Business School is considered one of the world's leading business schools and in 2010 its MBA programme was ranked best in the world by the Financial Times. Academic degrees in England are usually split into classes: first class (I), upper second class (II:1), lower second class (II:2) and third (III), and unclassified (below third class).
The King's School, Canterbury and King's School, Rochester are the oldest schools in the English-speaking world. Many of England's better-known schools, such as Winchester College, Eton College, St Paul's School, Rugby School, and Harrow School are fee-paying institutions.
Many ancient standing stone monuments were erected during the prehistoric period, amongst the best known are Stonehenge, Devil's Arrows, Rudston Monolith and Castlerigg. With the introduction of Ancient Roman architecture there was a development of basilicas, baths, amphitheaters, triumphal arches, villas, Roman temples, Roman roads, Roman forts, stockades and aqueducts. It was the Romans who founded the first cities and towns such as London, Bath, York, Chester and St Albans. Perhaps the best known example is Hadrian's Wall stretching right across northern England. Another well preserved example is the Roman Baths at Bath, Somerset.
Early Medieval architecture's secular buildings were simple constructions mainly using timber with thatch for roofing. Ecclesiastical architecture ranged from a synthesis of Hiberno— Saxon monasticism, to Early Christian basilica and architecture characterised by pilaster-strips, blank arcading, baluster shafts and triangular headed openings. After the Norman conquest in 1066 various Castles in England were created so law lords could uphold their authority and in the north to protect from invasion. Some of the best known medieval castles include the Tower of London, Warwick Castle, Durham Castle and Windsor Castle amongst others.
Throughout the Plantagenet era an English Gothic architecture flourished—the medieval cathedrals such as Canterbury Cathedral, Westminster Abbey and York Minster are prime examples. Expanding on the Norman base there was also castles, palaces, great houses, universities and parish churches. Medieval architecture was completed with the 16th century Tudor style; the four-centred arch, now known as the Tudor arch, was a defining feature as were wattle and daub houses domestically. In the aftermath of the Renaissance a form of architecture echoing classical antiquity, synthesised with Christianity appeared—the English Baroque style, architect Christopher Wren was particularly championed.
Georgian architecture followed in a more refined style, evoking a simple Palladian form; the Royal Crescent at Bath is one of the best examples of this. With the emergence of romanticism during Victorian period, a Gothic Revival was launched—in addition to this around the same time the Industrial Revolution paved the way for buildings such as The Crystal Palace. Since the 1930s various modernist forms have appeared whose reception is often controversial, though traditionalist resistance movements continue with support in influential places.
English folklore developed over many centuries. Some of the characters and stories are present across England, but most belong to specific regions. Common folkloric beings include pixies, giants, elves, bogeymen, trolls, goblins and dwarves. While many legends and folk-customs are thought to be ancient, for instance the tales featuring Offa of Angel and Wayland the Smith, others date from after the Norman invasion; Robin Hood and his Merry Men of Sherwood and their battles with the Sheriff of Nottingham being, perhaps, the best known.
During the High Middle Ages tales originating from Brythonic traditions entered English folklore—the Arthurian myth. These were derived from Anglo-Norman, French and Welsh sources, featuring King Arthur, Camelot, Excalibur, Merlin and the Knights of the Round Table such as Lancelot. These stories are most centrally brought together within Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae. Another early figure from British tradition, King Cole, may have been based on a real figure from Sub-Roman Britain. Many of the tales and pseudo-histories make up part of the wider Matter of Britain, a collection of shared British folklore.
Some folk figures are based on semi or actual historical people whose story has been passed down centuries; Lady Godiva for instance was said to have ridden naked on horseback through Coventry, Hereward the Wake was a heroic English figure resisting the Norman invasion, Herne the Hunter is an equestrian ghost associated with Windsor Forest and Great Park and Mother Shipton is the archetypal witch. On 5 November people make bonfires, set off fireworks and eat toffee apples in commemoration of the foiling of the Gunpowder Plot centred around Guy Fawkes. The chivalrous bandit, such as Dick Turpin, is a recurring character, while Blackbeard is the archetypal pirate. There are various national and regional folk activities, participated in to this day, such as Morris dancing, Maypole dancing, Rapper sword in the North East, Long Sword dance in Yorkshire, Mummers Plays, bottle-kicking in Leicestershire, and cheese-rolling at Cooper's Hill. There is no official national costume, but a few are well established such as the Pearly Kings and Queens associated with cockneys, the Royal Guard, the Morris costume and Beefeaters.
Since the Early Modern Period the food of England has historically been characterised by its simplicity of approach and a reliance on the high quality of natural produce. During the Middle Ages and through the Renaissance period, English cuisine enjoyed an excellent reputation, though a decline began during the Industrial Revolution with the move away from the land and increasing urbanisation of the populace. The cuisine of England has, however, recently undergone a revival, which has been recognised by the food critics with some good ratings in Restaurant's best restaurant in the world charts. An early book of English recipes is the Forme of Cury from the royal court of Richard II.
Traditional examples of English food include the Sunday roast, featuring a roasted joint (usually beef, lamb, chicken or pork) served with assorted vegetables, Yorkshire pudding, stuffing and gravy. Other prominent meals include fish and chips and the full English breakfast (generally consisting of bacon, sausages, grilled tomatoes, fried bread, black pudding, baked beans, mushrooms, and eggs). Various meat pies are consumed such as steak and kidney pie, steak and ale pie, cottage pie, pork pie (usually eaten cold) and the Cornish Pasty.
Sausages are commonly eaten, either as bangers and mash or toad in the hole. Lancashire hotpot is a well known stew. Some of the most popular cheeses are Cheddar and Wensleydale. Many Anglo-Indian hybrid dishes, curries, have been created such as chicken tikka masala and balti. Sweet English dishes include apple pie, mince pies, spotted dick, scones, Eccles cakes, custard and sticky toffee pudding. Common drinks include tea, whose popularity was increased by Catherine of Braganza, whilst frequently consumed alcoholic drinks include wines, ciders and English beers, such as bitter, mild, stout, and brown ale.
The earliest known examples are the prehistoric rock and cave art pieces, most prominent in North Yorkshire, Northumberland and Cumbria, but also feature further south, for example at Creswell Crags. With the arrival of Roman culture in the 1st century, various forms of art utilising statues, busts, glasswork and mosaics were the norm. There are numerous surviving artefacts, such as those at Lullingstone and Aldborough. During the Early Middle Ages the style was sculpted crosses and ivories, manuscript painting, gold and enamel jewellery, demonstrating a love of intricate, interwoven designs such as in the Staffordshire Hoard discovered in 2009. Some of these blended Gaelic and Anglian styles, such as the Lindisfarne Gospels and Vespasian Psalter. Later Gothic art was popular at Winchester and Canterbury, examples survive such as Benedictional of St. Æthelwold and Luttrell Psalter.
The Tudor era saw prominent artists as part of their court, portrait painting which would remain an enduring part of English art, was boosted by German Hans Holbein, natives such as Nicholas Hilliard built on this. Under the Stuarts, Continental artists were influential especially the Flemish, examples from the period include—Anthony van Dyck, Peter Lely, Godfrey Kneller and William Dobson. The 18th century was a time of significance with the founding of the Royal Academy, a classicism based on the High Renaissance prevailed—Thomas Gainsborough and Joshua Reynolds became two of England's most treasured artists.
The Norwich School continued the landscape tradition, while the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood with their vivid and detailed style revived the Early Renaissance style— Holman Hunt, Dante Gabriel Rossetti and John Everett Millais were leaders. Prominent amongst 20th-century artists was Henry Moore, regarded as the voice of British sculpture, and of British modernism in general. Contemporary painters include Lucian Freud, whose work Benefits Supervisor Sleeping in 2008 set a world record for sale value of a painting by a living artist.
Literature, poetry and philosophy
Early authors such as Bede and Alcuin wrote in Latin. The period of Old English literature provided the epic poem Beowulf and the secular prose of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, along with Christian writings such as Judith, Cædmon's Hymn and hagiographies. Following the Norman conquest Latin continued amongst the educated classes, as well as an Anglo-Norman literature.
Middle English literature emerged with Geoffrey Chaucer, author of The Canterbury Tales, along with Gower, the Pearl Poet and Langland. William of Ockham and Roger Bacon, who were Franciscans, were major philosophers of the Middle Ages. Julian of Norwich, who wrote Revelations of Divine Love, was a prominent Christian mystic. With the English Renaissance literature in the Early Modern English style appeared. William Shakespeare, whose works include Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, and A Midsummer Night's Dream, remains one of the most championed authors in English literature.
Christopher Marlowe, Edmund Spenser, Philip Sydney, Thomas Kyd, John Donne, and Ben Jonson are other established authors of the Elizabethan age. Francis Bacon and Thomas Hobbes wrote on empiricism and materialism, including scientific method and social contract. Filmer wrote on the Divine Right of Kings. Marvell was the best known poet of the Commonwealth, while John Milton authored Paradise Lost during the Restoration.
Some of the most prominent philosophers of the Enlightenment were John Locke, Thomas Paine, Samuel Johnson and Jeremy Bentham. More radical elements were later countered by Edmund Burke who is regarded as the founder of conservatism. The poet Alexander Pope with his satirical verse became well regarded. The English played a significant role in romanticism: Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lord Byron, John Keats, Mary Shelley, Percy Bysshe Shelley, William Blake and William Wordsworth were major figures.
In response to the Industrial Revolution, agrarian writers sought a way between liberty and tradition; William Cobbett, G. K. Chesterton and Hilaire Belloc were main exponents, while the founder of guild socialism, Arthur Penty, and cooperative movement advocate G. D. H. Cole are somewhat related. Empiricism continued through John Stuart Mill and Bertrand Russell, while Bernard Williams was involved in analytics. Authors from around the Victorian era include Charles Dickens, the Brontë sisters, Jane Austen, George Eliot, Rudyard Kipling, Thomas Hardy, H. G. Wells, Lewis Carroll and Evelyn Underhill. Since then England has continued to produce novelists such as C. S. Lewis, George Orwell, D. H. Lawrence, Virginia Woolf, Enid Blyton, Aldous Huxley, Agatha Christie, Terry Pratchett, J. R. R. Tolkien, and J. K. Rowling.
Elgar's "Pomp & Circumstance March No. 1"
The Rolling Stones' "Paint It, Black"
The Beatles' "Get Back"
|Problems listening to these files? See media help.|
The traditional folk music of England is centuries old and has contributed to several genres prominently; mostly sea shanties, jigs, hornpipes and dance music. It has its own distinct variations and regional peculiarities. Wynkyn de Worde printed ballads of Robin Hood from the 16th century are an important artefact, as are John Playford's The Dancing Master and Robert Harley's Roxburghe Ballads collections. Some of the best known songs are The Good Old Way, Pastime with Good Company, Maggie May and Spanish Ladies amongst others. Many nursery rhymes are of English origin such as Twinkle Twinkle Little Star, Roses are red, Jack and Jill, Here We Go Round the Mulberry Bush and Humpty Dumpty.
Early English composers in classical music include Renaissance artists Thomas Tallis and William Byrd, followed up by Henry Purcell from the Baroque period. German-born George Frideric Handel became a British subject and spent most of his composing life in London, creating some of the most well-known works of classical music, The Messiah, Water Music, and Music for the Royal Fireworks. There was a revival in the profile of composers from England in the 20th century led by Benjamin Britten, Frederick Delius, Edward Elgar, Gustav Holst, Ralph Vaughan Williams and others. Present-day composers from England include Michael Nyman, best known for The Piano.
In the field of popular music, many English bands and solo artists have been cited as the most influential and best-selling musicians of all time. Acts such as The Beatles, Led Zeppelin, Pink Floyd, Elton John, Queen, Rod Stewart and The Rolling Stones are among the highest selling recording artists in the world. Many musical genres have origins in (or strong associations with) England, such as British invasion, progressive rock, hard rock, Mod, glam rock, heavy metal, Britpop, indie rock, gothic rock, shoegazing, acid house, garage, trip hop, drum and bass and dubstep.
Large outdoor music festivals in the summer and autumn are popular, such as Glastonbury, V Festival, and the Reading and Leeds Festivals. The most prominent opera house in England is the Royal Opera House at Covent Garden. The Proms - a season of orchestral classical concerts held at the Royal Albert Hall in London - is a major cultural event in the English calendar, and takes place yearly. The Royal Ballet is one of the world's foremost classical ballet companies, its reputation built on two prominent figures of 20th century dance, prima ballerina Margot Fonteyn and choreographer Frederick Ashton.
Museums, libraries, and galleries
English Heritage is a governmental body with a broad remit of managing the historic sites, artefacts and environments of England. It is currently sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. The charity National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty holds a contrasting role. 17 of the 25 United Kingdom UNESCO World Heritage Sites fall within England. Some of the best known of these include; Hadrian's Wall, Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites, Tower of London, Jurassic Coast, Saltaire, Ironbridge Gorge, Studley Royal Park and various others.
There are many museums in England, but the most notable is London's British Museum. Its collection of more than seven million objects is one of the largest and most comprehensive in the world, sourced from every continent, illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its beginning to the present. The British Library in London is the national library and is one of the world's largest research libraries, holding over 150 million items in all known languages and formats; including around 25 million books. The most senior art gallery is the National Gallery in Trafalgar Square, which houses a collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900. The Tate galleries house the national collections of British and international modern art; they also host the famously controversial Turner Prize.
England has a strong sporting heritage, and during the 19th century codified many sports that are now played around the world. Sports originating in England include association football, cricket, rugby union, rugby league, tennis, badminton, squash, rounders, hockey, boxing, snooker, billiards, darts, table tennis, bowls, netball, thoroughbred horseracing, greyhound racing and fox hunting. It has helped the development of sailing and Formula One. Football is the most popular of these sports. The England national football team, whose home venue is Wembley Stadium, won the 1966 FIFA World Cup against the West Germany national football team where they won 4–2, with Geoff Hurst scoring a hatrick. That was the year the country hosted the competition.
At club level England is recognised by FIFA as the birthplace of club football, due to Sheffield FC founded in 1857 being the oldest club. The Football Association is the oldest of its kind, FA Cup and The Football League were the first cup and league competitions respectively. In the modern day the Premier League is the world's most lucrative football league and amongst the elite. The European Cup (now the UEFA Champions League) has been won by Liverpool, Manchester United, Nottingham Forest, Aston Villa and Chelsea, while Arsenal, and Leeds United have reached the final.
Cricket is generally thought to have been developed in the early medieval period among the farming and metalworking communities of the Weald. The England cricket team is a composite England and Wales team. One of the game's top rivalries is The Ashes series between England and Australia, contested since 1882. The finale of the 2009 Ashes was watched by nearly 2 million people, although the climax of the 2005 Ashes was viewed by 7.4 million as it was available on terrestrial television. England are the current holders of the trophy and are ranked 1st in Test and 4th in One Day International cricket.
England has hosted four Cricket World Cups (1975, 1979, 1983, 1999) and the ICC World Twenty20 in 2009. There are several domestic level competitions, including the County Championship in which Yorkshire are by far the most successful club having won the competition 31 times. Lord's Cricket Ground situated in London is sometimes referred to as the "Mecca of Cricket". William Penny Brookes was prominent in organising the format for the modern Olympic Games. London has hosted the Summer Olympic Games three times, in 1908, 1948, and 2012. England competes in the Commonwealth Games, held every four years. Sport England is the governing body responsible for distributing funds and providing strategic guidance for sporting activity in England. A Grand Prix is held at Silverstone.
The England rugby union team won the 2003 Rugby World Cup, the country was one of the host nations of the competition in the 1991 Rugby World Cup and is set to host the 2015 Rugby World Cup. The top level of club participation is the English Premiership. Leicester Tigers, London Wasps, Bath Rugby and Northampton Saints have had success in the Europe-wide Heineken Cup.
Rugby league was born in Huddersfield in 1895. The England national rugby league team are ranked third in the world and first in Europe. Since 2008 England has been a full test nation in lieu of the Great Britain national rugby league team, which won three World Cups but is now retired. Club sides play in Super League, the present-day embodiment of the Rugby Football League Championship. Some of the most successful clubs include Wigan Warriors, St Helens, Leeds Rhinos and Huddersfield Giants; the former three have all won the World Club Challenge previously. The United Kingdom is to host the 2013 Rugby League World Cup.
In tennis, the Wimbledon Championships are the oldest tennis tournament in the world and is widely considered the most prestigious.
The St George's Cross has been the national flag of England since the 13th century. Originally the flag was used by the maritime Republic of Genoa. The English monarch paid a tribute to the Doge of Genoa from 1190 onwards, so that English ships could fly the flag as a means of protection when entering the Mediterranean. A red cross was a symbol for many Crusaders in the 12th and 13th centuries. It became associated with Saint George, along with countries and cities, which claimed him as their patron saint and used his cross as a banner. Since 1606 the St George's Cross has formed part of the design of the Union Flag, a Pan-British flag designed by King James I.
There are numerous other symbols and symbolic artefacts, both official and unofficial, including the Tudor rose, the nation's floral emblem, and the Three Lions featured on the Royal Arms of England. The Tudor rose was adopted as a national emblem of England around the time of the Wars of the Roses as a symbol of peace. It is a syncretic symbol in that it merged the white rose of the Yorkists and the red rose of the Lancastrians—cadet branches of the Plantagenets who went to war over control of the nation. It is also known as the Rose of England. The oak tree is a symbol of England, representing strength and endurance. The Royal Oak symbol and Oak Apple Day commemorate the escape of King Charles II from the grasp of the parliamentarians after his father's execution: he hid in an oak tree to avoid detection before safely reaching exile.
The Royal Arms of England, a national coat of arms featuring three lions, originated with its adoption by Richard the Lionheart in 1198. It is blazoned as gules, three lions passant guardant or and it provides one of the most prominent symbols of England; it is similar to the traditional arms of Normandy. England does not have an official designated national anthem, as the United Kingdom as a whole has God Save the Queen. However, the following are often considered unofficial English national anthems: Jerusalem, Land of Hope and Glory (used for England during the 2002 Commonwealth Games), and I Vow to Thee, My Country. England's National Day is 23 April which is St George's Day: St George is the patron saint of England.
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Texas Instruments Inc Texas Instruments began its corporate life in 1930 as a company called Geophysical Service which was a petroleum-exploration firm founded by a couple of eager men by the names of Dr J ClarenceDoc Karcher and Eugene McDermott They used seismology to find oil It entered the defense electronics business during the 1940s and performed contracts for the Army and Navy Signal Corps The companys name changed to Texas Instruments in 1951 and bought the rights to manufacture the germanium transistor in 1952 from a similar company by the name of Western Electronics for the astronomical price of twenty-five thousand dollars Geophysical service soon became a subsidiary This sale was ideal for this growing company The transistor made possible the portable transistor radio and set the stage for the modern age of electronics In 1960 another milestone was reached The company had introduced its first commercially available integrated circuits also generally known as semiconductors or chips In the early 1970s the company developed a single-chip microprocessor and introduced a four-ounce portable calculator which was pretty bulky for that day and age but was impressive for them at that time Later in the decade the company began marketing an electronic watch that sold for about twenty dollars and a home computer Up to that time Texas Instruments was doing very impressively but the early 1980s was generally disappointing as the company lost share in both semiconductor and consumer electronics markets But in the late 1980s they introduced the worlds first quantum effect transistor and they formed a joint venture with Acer Inc to manufacture advanced semiconductors in Japan With these new products and ventures in addition with a new campaign and a re-emphasis on its semiconductors business brightened the companys prospects by the beginning of the 1990s Texas Instruments is a leading maker of electronics and electrical equipment for both industrial and consumer markets The company is best known for being a
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The Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act1994 changed the structure of local government in Scotland. This book covers not only government reorganisation - the new areas and authorities; administration and finance - but also changes in the structure of water and sewerage services and the creation of the new office of Principal Reporter to head the Scottish Children's Reporter Administration. This third edition of Local Government in Scotland has been updated to take account of the changes made by the 1994 Act as well as other related development in the areas of social work; education; housing; planning; transportation; and tourism and economic development. It provides a clear and always readable account of the reorganisation and system of local government in Scotland.
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In a letter to Terentia (ad Fam. XIV.2.2) written from Thessalonica during his exile, Cicero says: A te quidem omnia fieri fortissime et amantissime video, nec miror, sed maereo casum eius modi ut tantis tuis miseriis meae miseriae subleventur. Nam ad me P. Valerius, homo officiosus, scripsit, id quod ego maxima cum fletu legi, quem ad modum a vestae ad tabulam Valeriam ducta esses.
The meaning of this phrase has always been a disputed point, and it is the purpose of this paper to discuss the opposing views with some of the arguments advanced on either side. Mommsen, Jordan, Gilbert, Tyrrell and the various editors of Cicero have stated their opinion of its meaning, but so far as I know there is no such discussion of the matter in print.
The general thought of the passage in question is plainly this, that Terentia was forced to undergo some indignities at the hands of the persecutors of her husband. It is probable too, from the context, that this refers to some sort of financial transaction, but whether a declaration of the amount of money Cicero possessed, the amount Terentia herself had, what means Cicero may have taken to evade the rigor of the confiscation, or whether Terentia goes to some banker to borrow, is left wholly uncertain. We turn first to the other occurrence of the phrase for light, and read in the interrogatio in Vatinium 21, where Cicero is attacking Vatinius for his conduct towards the consul Bibulus: volo uti mihi respondeas, cum M. Bibulum consulem non dicam bene de re publica sentientem, ne tu mihi homo potens irascare, qui ab eo dissensisti, sed hominem certe nusquam progredientem, nihil in re publica molientem, tantum animo ab actionibus tuis dissentientem, cum eum tu consulem in vincula duceres et a tabula Valeria collegae tui mitti iuberent, fecerisne ante rostra pontem continuatis tribunalibus, per quem consul populi Romani moderatissimus et constantissimus sublato auxilio, exclusis amicis, vi perditorum hominum incitata turpissimo miserrimoque spectaculo non in carcerem sed ad supplicium et ad necem duceretur.
p407 This seems to mean that in the year 59 B.C. Vatinius, then a tribune, had seized Bibulus and attempted to throw him into prison, and to prevent any rescue by Bibulus' friends, he had made a sort of raised way through the Forum out of the various tribunalia to be found there. The other tribunes — a tabula Valeria — had ordered him to release the consul.
On this passage we have the following note in the Scholia Bobiensia: hi collegae intercesserant P. Vatinio furenti M. Bibulum in invidiam duci (or according to Orelli's emendation: iubenti M. Bibulum in vincula duci).
The most natural inference from Cicero's statement is that Vatinius had made the necessary preparations and was actually dragging Bibulus to prison, when stopped by his colleagues. Compare Dio XXXVIII.6 ἐπεχείρησε μὲν γὰρ αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τούτοις Πούπλιός τις Ἀτίνιος δήμαρχος ὲς τὸ οἴκημα καταθέσθαι· τῶν δὲ συναρχόντων οἱ ἐναντιωθέντων οὐκ ἐνέβαλεν.
The Scholiast goes on to say: quod vero ad tabulam Valeriam pertinere videatur, loci nomen sic ferebatur, quemadmodum ad tabulam Sestiam, cuius meminit pro Quinctio, ita et ad tabulam Valeriam dicebatur, ubi Valerius Maximus tabulam rerum ab se in Gallia prospere gestarum proposuerat ostentui vulgo.
From this statement we infer that ad tabulam Valeriam was a definite spot in the city where the tribunes who interfered with the carrying out of Vatinius' design were for some reason gathered.
The Scholiast supports his explanation by referring to the tabula Sestia mentioned in the orat. pro Quinctio 25, and ascribes the origin of the name to the fact that Valerius Maximus had a painting made representing his deeds of prowess in Gaul. Valerius Maximus, however, won renown in Sicily, not Gaul, and Gallia must in any case be an error for Sicilia.
Compare now the passage, first cited by Orelli, in Pliny, N. H. XXXV.22, where, after speaking of the painting by Fabius Pictor on the wall of the temple of Salus — a painting which still existed in Pliny's time, though the temple had been burned in Claudius' reign — we read: dignatio autem praecipua Romae increvit, ut existimo, a M'. Val. Maximo Messalla, qui princeps tabulam pictam proeli quo Carthaginienses et Hieronem in Sicilia vicerat proposuit in latere curiae Hostiliae anno ab urbe condita CCCCXC (490/264).
Of the history of the Curia Hostilia down to the time of Sulla, tradition is silent. Pliny (N. H. XXXIV.26) says: invenio et Pythagorae et Alcibiadi in cornibus comitii positas, cum bello Samniti Apollo Pythius iussisset fortissimo Graiae gentis et alteri sapientissimo simulacra celebri loco dedicare. Eae stetere donec Sulla dictator ibi curiam faceret; and Dion Cass. XL.50 ἦν μὲν γὰρ (τὸ βουλευτήριον) τὸ Ὁστίλιον, μετεσκεύαστο δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ Σύλλου.
According to these statements, the old senate house was taken down entirely or restored by the dictator. The Curia which he built was burned not many years later during Clodian riots of the year 54, and rebuilt by Faustus Sulla, under the name of the Curia Cornelia. Cicero (de Fin. 5.2) says: Hostiliam dico, non hanc novam quae minor mihi esse videtur postea quam est maior, showing that the name Curia Hostilia continued to be applied to the building, after Sulla's restoration, until its destruction in 54.
There is then no doubt that Sulla restored or enlarged and rebuilt the building, and the question at once arises whether a painting on the wall of the old Curia would have been preserved or replaced on the wall of the new.
We know not what vicissitudes the Curia may have undergone between 263 and Sulla's restoration, but in the part previously quoted from Pliny (XXXV.19) we are told that Fabius' painting on the walls of the temple of Salus was still in existence, although the temple itself had been burned under Claudius. Up to this point the only thing of which we can be certain is that there was on the wall of the old Curia a painting of Valerius' victory. If there was then a tabula Valeria — in the sense of a painting on the wall — in 58 B.C. it must have been the original carefully preserved and perhaps transferred to the wall of the new building, or a copy of the original made at the order of Sulla. No proof or disproof of either of these hypotheses is possible, but the latter is perhaps more probable than the former.
The second question then arises: Is there any evidence for the truth of the Scholiast's statement that in the year 58, ad tabulam Valeriam was the designation of a definite spot?
Manifestly this is connected with the preceding discussion, to this extent, that if there was such a painting on the wall of the Curia at that time, it would be natural and entirely probable that the spot beside the wall should be called ad tabulam Valeriam. p409If the picture had been destroyed, the name might have clung to the spot, but in view of the probable changes in the building made by Sulla, it would hardly have done so unless some particular importance was attached thereto. Certain officers might have been stationed there, certain official acts have been performed there, or something of similar nature. Instances of this sort of topographical tradition are common enough everywhere, as the custom of calling small districts after the name of an old tavern, years after every trace of the tavern has disappeared.
But the Scholiast supports his statement by citing Cicero pro Quinctio 25, ad tabulam Sestiam. The context is as follows. Quinctius and Naevius, after quarrelling over their pecuniary obligations to each other, had separated without giving bonds to appear in court at any particular time. Naevius stayed in Rome, while Quinctius started for Gaul. As soon as Naevius found that Quinctius had got as far away as Vada Volaterrana, he proceeded to do what Cicero describes in the following words: pueros circum amicos dimittit, ipse suos necessarios ab atriis Liciniis et a faucibus macelli corrogat, ut ad tabulam Sextiam sibi adsint hora secunda postridie. Veniunt frequentes. Testificatur iste P. Quinctium non stitisse et stitisse se; tabulae maxime signis hominum nobilium consignantur, disceditur. Postulat a Burrieno praetore Naevius, ut ex edicto bona possidere liceat.
Evidently ad tabulam Sestiam was a place where formal declarations of a legal sort were pottery made, and testimony taken.
We know nothing of any Sestius or Sextius whose deeds may have been commemorated by a painting, nor have we the slightest hint elsewhere of the possible location of this tabula, and can therefore add no evidence to this part of the Scholiast's testimony.
Those who maintain that tabula Valeria means the 'bank of Valerius' start with this passage in pro Quinct., interpreting tabula Sextia as the bank or exchange of some Sextius. These are the only two cases where tabula is used in the singular with an adjective derived from a proper name. Cicero uses the word of an auction bill and apparently of an auction room (ad Att. XII.40.4; XIII.33.4; XV.3.2), but nowhere of a banker's table. While there is perhaps nothing in the expression itself which would render such a view impossible, it should be at least clearly required by the context. This is not so here, for there is no reason why, for a legal declaration of this sort, Naevius should p410call his friends together at some money-lender's. Applying this meaning of tabula Sextia to tabula Valeria in the passage in the letter to Terentia, Tyrrell (ad loc.) explains its sense thus:
"Tabula Valeria is the 'bank of Valerius.' It seems to have been customary in Rome for a person about to make a solemn statement as to his solvency or such like matters to repair at once a banker's, and there make the statement in presence of witnesses. It was to make such a solemn declaration that Naevius summoned his friends ad tabulam Sestiam (pro Quinct. 25). Terentia was probably forced by Clodius to repair to the bank of Valerius, there to make some declaration about her husband's estate, probably that no effects had been made away with, or that she was not keeping the property under the pretence that it was hers. We see from a private letter that Cicero had resorted to some means to evade the full rigor of the confiscation. It cannot have been merely to borrow money that Terentia was taken to the tabula Valeria. There would have been no humiliation, if she had had credit enough to borrow from the bank; and no object in taking her there if she had not."
In criticism of this view, it is to be said that it rests on two pure assumptions, one that tabula in these places means bank, and second that such a bank was an ordinary place of legal declaration, with the inference from these premises that Terentia was to swear to some facts about her own or Cicero's property. These may be true, but it is important to bear in mind that they are not yet proven.
The second explanation of the phrase is that suggested by Manutius' conjecture that there was a sort of tribunes' court ad tabulam Valeriam, to which Terentia was forced to go by Clodius, presumably to answer for Cicero's in some way or give security therefor. His explanation was of course based on the expression in the inter. in Vat. 21: a tabula Valeria collegae tui, which may well mean that that was the assembling place of the tribunes, and that those who were there assembled prevented Vatinius from thrusting Bibulus into prison. Certain topographical arguments can be adduced in support of this view.
Plutarch in his Life of Cato the Younger (¶5), speaking of the Basilica Porcia, says: εἰωθότες ἐκεῖ χρηματίζειν οἱ δήμαρχοι καὶ κιόνος τοῖς δίφροις ἐμποδὼν εἶναι δοκοῦντος ἔγνωσαν ὑφελεῖν αὐτὸν ἢ μεταστῆσαι.
Compare further Cic. pro Sest. 124, where Sestius the tribune p411venit, ut scitis, a columna Maenia; and ib. 18: alter (Gabinius) . . . ne in Scyllaeo illo aeris alieni tamquam fretu ad columnam adhaeresceret, in tribunatus portum perfugerat.
The columna Maenia is probably then the κίων mentioned by Plutarch, and stood in front of the Basilica Porcia, which was itself close to the Curia. The painting would be on the side of the Curia rather than on the façade, and it and the columna might be so close together that the station of the tribunes could be designated in either way.
Again in Suetonius, Iul. Caes. 78, we read: idque factum eius tanto intolerabilius est visum, quod ipse triumphanti et subsellia tribunicia praetervehenti sibi unum e collegio Pontium Aquilam non assurrexisse adeo indignatus sit, ut . . ., showing that the tribunes sat outside the Basilica, and close to the Sacra Via, the route of the triumph, which ran in front of the Basilica.
Mommsen cites also CIL VI.2340: publicus a subsellio tribunorum, which refers to a public slave to the office of the tribunes, showing that such a local station was recognized.
It being granted that the tribunes did assemble near where there had been a painting of Valerius' victory, it must be shown further that this explanation of ad tabulam Valeriam gives the desired sense in the two passages in question. This is certainly the case in the passage in Vat. 21. A tabula Valeria collegae tui means the rest of the tribunes assembled there and either actually witnessing Vatinius' unlawful proceedings or possibly only knowing of his purpose. The former is altogether more likely, and just what we should expect.
Further, the form of the expression is parallel to the inscriptional publicus a subsellio tribunorum. The other explanation of a tabula Valeria here leaves us with no known reason why Cicero should have used the phrase at all.
Applying this interpretation to the passage in Cicero's letter, Manutius' conjecture is justified by the sense given. Clodius would naturally drag Terentia to his own official station, if he suspected that she was helping her husband to evade confiscation, and might require her to give some security. We are wholly in the dark as to the exact nature of the proceedings, and they may have served no purpose except to humiliate and insult Terentia.
To sum up — there are in support of the view that ad tabulam Valeriam denoted a definite spot, so called from the painting, p412and in this case the place where the tribunes were wont to assemble — (1) the statement of the Scholiast; (2) the evidence that the tribunes did gather near the Basilica Porcia; (3) the propriety of the expression a tabula Valeria collegae tui, and the sense so given to that passage (in Vat. 21); (4) the good sense also given to the passage in the letter to Terentia.
Against this interpretation it may be urged (1) that it is improbable that the painting on the wall of the Curia was preserved, or a new one made, by Sulla, and that therefore there is still greater improbability that the name remained attached to the spot, even if it had once been given; and (2) that the translation 'bank of Valerius' is the more satisfactory in the passage in the letter to Terentia. In answer to this last objection, even if we grant that this meaning is equally good in relation to Terentia (and the preceding discussion prevents our allowing it to be better), it certainly is not satisfactory in the connection of in Vat. 21.
In regard to the first objection, if we grant at once that it was unlikely or even impossible that the original painting should be preserved, in spite of the case already quoted from Pliny of the painting by Fabius on the temple of Salus, still it is not at all unlikely that it would have been reproduced on the new Curia by the command of the dictator. This picture must have been one of the famous things in Rome, and its origin, associations and connection with the senate house must have made it something which the people would have been loath to lose.
The more we reflect upon its peculiar character, history and surroundings, and the comparative rarity of such things in the early days of the city, the more we shall be convinced that it would be most natural to speak of the adjacent open space as ad tabulam Valeriam.
Any argument from the use of ad tabulam Sestiam (pro Quinct. 25) is without value in support of either view.
Samuel Ball Platner.
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Constitutional & Legal Foundations
In 1995, the Parliament of Kazakhstan adopted a constitution that was approved during the nationally held referendum. It spelled out the following political, and ideological principles of education: democracy, equal rights, construction of the national identity, and rediscovery of ethnic and religious identities. The constitution guarantees citizens the right to determine their language identity. As Article 19 stipulated, "everyone shall have the right to use his native language and culture, to freely choose the language of communication, education, instruction and creative activities."
The country remains dedicated to providing its citizens free public education compulsory through the eleventh grade. The constitution states, "The citizens shall be guaranteed free secondary education in state educational establishments. Secondary education shall be obligatory" (Article 30).
The constitution preserves the traditional competitive nature of higher education it inherited from the Soviet Union under which applicants to state-owned universities are required to take entry exams. In such a system, only a small part, less than the top 25 percent of those who apply, can be admitted.
For the first time in the history of the country, the constitution guaranteed that "the citizens shall have the right to pay for and receive an education in private educational establishments on the basis and terms established by law" (Article 30). The existing laws allow individuals and organizations to sponsor private educational institutions, a practice abolished in 1917.
As the control of the educational system by the Communist Party loosened during the last years of the Soviet Union, the local bodies and educational institutions lowered the requirements in education. To prevent a decrease in the quality of education, the constitution stipulated "the state shall set uniform compulsory standards in education. The activity of any educational establishment must comply with these standards." This provision also created background for a high degree of centralized state planning and administering of the educational system in the country.
The constitution created the necessary legal foundations for the use of various languages in state institutions. According to Article 7, the Kazakh language became the state language of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Since the Russian and Russian-speaking population are high in the country, Russian acquired the status of an official language. As the constitution maintains, "in state institutions and local self-administrative bodies the Russian language shall be officially used on equal grounds along with the Kazakh language." It becomes a law that "the state shall promote conditions for the study and development of the languages of the people of Kazakhstan."
The reform of education in the Soviet Kazakhstan began in mid-1984 with the adoption by the USSR Supreme Soviet "The Basic Trends of the Reform of Secondary General and Vocational School." The law, passed during M. Gorbachev's politics of restructuring and openness, paved the way for innovative educators and new progressive movements in education. This law gave rise to new ideas in instructional methods, organization, teacher-student relations, democratization, and humanization of educational curriculum. These ideas received a new impulse in 1992 when laws "On Education" and "On Higher Education" were passed by the Kazakh Parliament. They served as guidelines for conducting state policy in this area based on new national and cultural identities, and limited administrative interference. Overall, they extended greater autonomy to educational institutions. A national program of state-granted support of educational establishments was developed. The government approved several documents outlining several conceptual frameworks for education, such as the Conception of State Policy in the Field of Education, and the Conception of Arts Education, among others.
Many concepts and ideas were determined as priorities in the field of education for the country during the twenty-first century. Some of them include: transition to alternative education, humanization of education; introduction of a student-centered curriculum instead of society-centered one; democratization of education; compiling Kazakhstani textbooks in all the subjects of general-education school; integration of the educational system in the world educational processes; and the computerization of Kazakhstani schools.
Education Encyclopedia - StateUniversity.comGlobal Education ReferenceKazakhstan - History Background, Constitutional Legal Foundations, Educational System—overview, Preprimary Primary Education, Secondary Education
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This article explains how does wind energy works and the expense of Wind energy.
Wind is a result from the uneven heating of the Earth by the sun and the fact that temperatures will always be attempting to reach an equilibrium (heat is definitely moving to a cooler area). With the rising price of energy and the destruction of the environment from standard fuels, it is increasingly equitable to harvest this renewable resource.
The benefits of wind energy are that it’s virtually free (once you buy the equipment) and there is no pollution. The disadvantages include the fact it isn’t a consistent source (the speed varies and many times it is insufficient to generate electricity) and it typically requires about one acre of land.
How Wind Energy Works
The quantity of power that can be found varies by wind speed. The total amount available is known as it’s power density and it’s measured in watts per square meter. For this reason, the U.S. Doe has separated wind energy into classes from 1 to 7. The average wind speed for class 1 is 9.8 mph or less while the average for a class 7 is 21.1 or even more. For effective power production, class 2 winds (11.5 mph average speed) are usually required.
Usually, wind speeds increase as you get higher above the Earth. Due to this, the conventional windmill is installed on a tower no less than 30 feet above obstructions. There are two basic types of towers employed for residential wind power systems (free standing and guyed). Free standing towers are self supporting and are usually heavier which means they take special equipment (cranes) to erect them. Guyed towers are supported on a concrete base and anchored by wires for support. They typically are not as heavy and most manufacturer’s produce tilt down models which is often easily raised and lowered for maintenance.
The kinetic (moving energy) from the winds is harnessed by a device termed as turbine. This turbine includes airfoils (blades) that capture the power of the wind and use it to turn the shaft of an alternator (like you have on a car only bigger).
There are 2 basic kinds of blades (drag style and lifting style). We all have seen pictures of old fashioned windmills with the large flat blades which are an example of the drag style of airfoil. Lifting style blades are twisted rather than flat and resemble the propellor of a small airplane.
A turbine is classified as to whether it is made to be installed with the rotor in a horizontal or vertical position and whether the wind strikes the blades or the tower first. A vertical turbine typically requires less land for it’s installation and is an improved option for the more urban areas worldwide. An upwind turbine is designed for the wind to impact the airfoils before it does the tower.
These units normally have a tail on the turbine which is needed to keep the unit pointed into the wind. A downwind turbine does not require a tail as the wind acting on the blades tends to maintain it oriented properly.
These turbine systems would be damaged if they were to be permitted to turn at excessive speeds. Therefore, units will need to have automatic over-speed governing systems. Some systems use electrical braking systems while others use mechanical type brakes.
The output electricity from the alternator is sent to a controller which conditions it for use in the home. The use of residential wind power systems requires the home to either remain linked with the utility grid or store electricity in a battery for use when the wind will not blow sufficiently.
When the home is linked with the grid, the surplus electricity that is produced by the residential wind power system can be sold to the utility company in order to reduce or even eliminate your power company bill. During periods with not enough wind, the home is supplied power from the utility company.
The expense of Wind Energy
Small residential wind power turbines can be an attractive alternative, or addition, to those people needing more than 100-200 watts of power for their home, business, or remote facility. Unlike PV’s, which remain at basically a similar cost per watt independent of array size, wind generators get cheaper with increasing system size. At the 50 watt size level, for instance, a small residential power wind generator would cost about $8.00/watt compared to approximately $6.00/watt for a Photo voltaic module.
For this reason, all things being equal, Photovoltaic is cheaper for very small loads. As the system size gets larger, however, this “rule-of-thumb” reverses itself.
At 300 watts the wind mill costs are down to $2.50/watt, while the PV costs are still at $6.00/watt. For a 1,500 watt wind system the cost is down to $2.00/watt and at 10,000 watts the price of a wind generator (excluding electronics) is down to $1.50/watt.
About the Author – Mary Jones writes for the residential wind energy weblog, her personal hobby blog centered on guidelines to reduce CO2 and lower energy costs using alternative power sources.
If you want to read my complete Bio: http://www.residentialwindturbines.org/
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People say that money makes the world go round, therefore, it is hard to keep things going if there is no financial liquidity to support the venture, whether it is business-related or even a private activity you intend on putting into action. On the other hand, even the greatest enterprises experience financial difficulties, but it is the competence that separates them from the competition that fails to respond to particular challenges appropriately. Thus, read the following lines and learn about the ways to overcome financial problems and debts by applying already elaborated strategies.
1. Find the Leakage and Fix It
Although “better safe than sorry” might sound like an inappropriate saying for the subject, we shall debunk the prejudice in a moment. Namely, getting into a financial dead end does not happen by accident, although naming “hiring a boy to do the men’s job” in that fashion would not be wrong. What we want to highlight is that you need to determine where your money disappears and who is responsible for that, upon which you will draw certain moves. Numbers can be cruel, but they are exact, so establishing where they fail to match should make a good starting point for implementing future revisions.
2. Debt Consolidation
If you intend on getting a loan of any sort, you should carefully assert whether that is what you really need, or you might find an alternative exit out of the complicated situation you are facing. After all, a loan should be your way out of a financially complicated situation, not an additional aggravating factor. That is why debt consolidation could do the trick for you since it allows you to consolidate all current debts, and repay them monthly as you would do with a single loan.
Surely, not every debt consolidation can suit everyone, so you need to find the solution that will meet your wants and needs. At this link, Credit Associates Review, you can find additional info on what to take into consideration before opting for a particular solution and how to get what you want without breaking a sweat.
3. Stay Positive and Act Prudently
Getting over-attached to money can get you into trouble, not solely because money solely represents value, therefore, it is as valuable as we decide to attribute it the value, but also because sometimes you need to let it go to earn it even more. What you should do is carefully consider all options available and plan even from scratch if that is what it takes to get you out of the crisis. That means not only you should figure out how to get the money for existing expenses, but also how to deploy it most effectively.
4. Do Not Make Hasty Decisions
Even though desperate times often call for desperate measures, you might want to reconsider any extreme decision that might cost you even more in the long run. When business is concerned, that implies you should rather gather the collective and present them with the current situation and potentiate joint endeavor to find the solution than simply cutting on the workforce. Even though it seems different, cutting household expenses should be done using the same approach, which is mutual dedication towards joint goals.
Bear in mind that financial recovery might be a painful process, but if you organize it well, you can expect to ripe the sweet fruit of your carefully planned labor promptly. Hopefully, the aforementioned suggestions will prove their usefulness and help you accomplish what you want easily.
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Joke with blokes: how to ask male patients about urinary symptoms
Asking men over 50 if they are responsible for the urinal queue at the footy could help GPs improve the diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia, according to a leading urologist.
The condition is under-diagnosed, even though it affects half of men over the age of 50 and impacts their quality of life, says Associate Professor of Urology Bill Lynch, from Macquarie University in Sydney.
Teasing out symptoms such as poor stream, nocturia and incomplete emptying by incorporating a light-hearted question into an annual health review could improve diagnosis rates, he says.
For example, a half-joke about whether they are the bloke causing the urinal queue at the football can prompt symptom recall and ease any concerns their symptoms may indicate cancer.
“That’s the kind of thing I try to relate it to — something practical that all men know,” Professor Lynch
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I must admit that I am no fan of Arundhati Roy whose Booker Award winning novel I found impossible to finish. Her commitment to some social causes is certainly praiseworthy, but her politics has seen her hobnobbing with anarchists, separatists, and the bloodthirsty Maoists whose ideology (if any) is diametrically opposite to the social revolutions that she apparently supports. In August 2008 she made a strong appeal for the azadi of Kashmir from Indian rule, concluding her statement with the words: “India needs azadi from Kashmir as much as Kashmir needs azadi from India.” For once, I found myself agreeing with her and wrote an article in support of her statement that was published in The New Indian Express.
However, our views were immediately trashed by the so-called nationalists and patriots, twenty of whom published an open statement on 19th September, 2008, denouncing this kind of “psywar” against the country.
For reference, below are video’s from the azaadi conference held in Delhi around that time. The first is Arundhati Roy’s and the two subsequent recordings are speeches by Syed Geelani.
The list of the 20 signatories to the open statement read like a who’s who of people who in their various capacities as senior government officials, diplomats, top brass of the Indian armed forces, Intelligence and security agencies’ chiefs, responsible members of the press, and leaders of industry, could have exercised their combined and considerable influence in resolving what has become an intractable problem—the conflict in Kashmir. But the fact remains that sixty-five years after the “unquestionable” accession of Kashmir to India we are still fighting a secessionist insurgency in the state, overtly and covertly supported by a hostile neighbour.
It is very well to quote the authority of the Constitution, and to reassert “national will” and “state power”. But when a whole population of a section of a state is demanding freedom, and waging war to attain it, we cannot take shelter behind considerations of “a nation aspiring to become a major player in global power dynamics”. To state that “there is no basis on which any change in the political status of the state of Jammu and Kashmir could be considered” without providing an alternative solution to end insurgency and bring peace to this troubled valley is to escape responsibility while sounding patriotic. Just saying and repeatedly asserting “as proud and patriotic Indians who strongly believe that the unity and secular democratic fabric of our republic must be preserved at all costs” and calling upon “the Government of India to make it unequivocally clear at the highest level that under no circumstances will the government and people of India countenance any compromise with the integrity of the nation” has not made the problem disappear. Such statements look nice in print and sound very lofty. But they alone are not enough to make the affected people to suspend and terminate their protests and return to a peaceful way of existence. From such a formidable galaxy of minds and experience one would have expected at least a half-solution to the problem, but what we read was nothing but a repetition of pious declarations, clichés, and platitudinous exhortations.
Extraordinary situations require extraordinary solutions. And there is no denying the fact that the situation in Kashmir is extraordinary. The insurgency since 1989 has wreaked havoc on the social, cultural, ethnic and religious fabric of not only Jammu & Kashmir, but on the entire nation. What the Kashmiri Pandits have faced is nothing short of ethnic cleansing, who, from being an integral part of the valley, have today been reduced to becoming refugees in their own country, living in abysmal conditions in shanties spread over the city of Jammu and its suburbs. Even there they are just tolerated, as their presence has put pressure on the economic resources of the province, leading to escalation in the prices of land and other commodities. The Pandits are also competing for jobs with the people of Jammu, and such situations can only exacerbate conflict. There were about 1,25,000 Pandits in the valley before the insurrection. Today, I believe there are a mere 7,000 left, perhaps because they have nowhere else to go, living in mortal fear, existing practically from day to day. Their lives can be snuffed out by any or all of the militant groups operating in the valley without a second thought. The Kashmiri Pandits today are practically on the verge of extinction while the “aspiring major player in global power dynamics” has no time for them. They are an expendable community as they do not constitute enough numbers to qualify as a vote bank.
The cascading effect of the insurgency and the proxy war in Kashmir on the rest of India has not been fully comprehended by the powers-that-be. That Pakistan has taken advantage of the disaffection in Kashmir and utilised it to further its own agenda of weakening the unity of the Indian state cannot be denied. Wajahat Habibullah, perhaps the most qualified commentator on Kashmir, says in his book, “My Kashmir, Conflict and the Prospect of enduring Peace” that for Pakistan Kashmir may be the core issue, but “the explanation of Pakistan’s unabated hostility lies elsewhere. It is characterised by Pakistan’s quest for balance with India since 1947. This quest led to an overemphasis on the military budget, giving the army a privileged – and, unduly powerful – political status even when Pakistan was not under direct military rule. It lies in the quest for a distinct identity of a state that aspired, on its creation, to represent the Muslims of the entire Indian subcontinent even though it became home for fewer than one-third”.
The idea of letting the valley separate is not something of recent origin. Philip Spratt, an English journalist, editing a Bangalore journal MysIndia, wrote in 1952 that India should abandon its claim over Kashmir, and allow Sheikh Abdullah to realise his dream of independence. Spratt wanted the Indian army to be withdrawn from J & K and all loans to the state written off. ‘Let Kashmir go ahead, alone and adventurously, in her explorations of a secular state’, he wrote. ‘We shall watch the act of faith with due sympathy but at a safe distance, our honour, our resources and our future free from the enervating entanglements which write a lie in our soul.’ Ramachandra Guha, in “India After Gandhi” writes, “Spratt’s solution was tinged with morality, but more so with economy and prudence. Indian policy, he argued, was based on ‘a mistaken belief in the one-nation theory and greed to own the beautiful and strategic valley of Srinagar’. The costs of this policy, present and future, were incalculable. Rather than give Kashmir special privileges and create resentment elsewhere in India, it was best to let the state go. As things stood, however, Kashmir ‘was in the grip of two armies glaring at each other in a state of armed neutrality. It may suit a handful of people to see the indefinite continuance of this ghastly situation. But the Indian taxpayer is paying through his nose for the precarious privilege of claiming Kashmir as part of India on the basis of all the giving on India’s side and all the taking on Kashmir’s side’.”
The state of Jammu and Kashmir cannot be compared with any other state within the Indian union. Its three provinces are as dramatically distinct from one another as Tamil Nadu is from Haryana, or Bengal is from Gujarat. The people of Jammu are predominantly of a Punjabi culture. Even the Muslims of the Jammu province come from Rajput stock, speak a Punjabi dialect, and hold the Kashmiri Muslims of the valley in contempt. The Pandits and the Muslims of the valley originate from the same ethnic stock, speak the same language, and have almost similar dietary habits. The Ladakhis are more akin to Tibetans, almost identical in diet and attire. The Jammu province is predominantly Hindu; Ladakh is almost equally Buddhist and Muslim, while the Kashmir valley is nearly cent percent Muslim. It is unfortunate that the militants had to target a hapless, hopeless minority, who could not, and did not, pose any threat to Muslim majoritarianism in the state. The Pandits were anyway being forced by discriminatory policies to leave the state and to look for educational and employment opportunities in the rest of the country and abroad. The objective of cleansing the valley of the “non-believers” could have been achieved without violence. But Pakistan was in a hurry and it found willing allies in the disaffected youth of the valley. Being preoccupied with the exigencies of national politics, rather than with the wishes of the people of Kashmir, the Indian governments failed to develop a workable long range policy for Kashmir. Corruption and nepotism among the political leaders of Kashmir, and the Indian government’s complicity in letting such conditions persist led to a quick alienation of the youth. It is the state’s misfortune that apart from Sheikh Abdullah, no political leader has emerged who would be acceptable to all the people. At the time of partition, the Sheikh had a choice: join Pakistan, a Muslim nation but under Punjabi leadership, or join a secular nation where Kashmiris would be free to live as they chose. Sheikh Abdullah chose the second option, and to his credit, never deviated from this stand. The Indian government, in a series of blunders while dealing with Kashmir, made its first great blunder when it dismissed Sheikh Abdullah’s government and arrested him in 1953. From then onwards it has been a continuous pattern in political and administrative insincerity in dealing with Kashmir. Elections routinely rigged, corrupt and unpopular leaders installed through financially engineered defections, convinced the people that New Delhi would only allow supplicants to rule. The reactive rather than proactive response to challenges led to trigger-happy decisions, resulting in such monumental tragedies as the unprovoked firing on the funeral procession of Mirwaiz Moulavi Farooq in May 1990, causing the death of 27 mourners; the firing on a crowd of civilians in Bijbehara following the siege at Hazratbal, and countless violations of human rights in the valley. Escalating violence inevitably leads to escalating human rights abuse, both by the militants and by the security forces.
Pakistan has been pushing militant Jihadis of different nationalities like Sudan, Chechnya, Afghanistan, etc., to wage low intensity war in Kashmir and to train militant outfits across India. The increase in acts of violence against soft targets across the country is calculated to destroy the communal and social harmony in the country. We must admit that Pakistan has been more than reasonably successful in its nefarious designs. If it had not been for pressure from the USA after 9/11, the situation could have been much worse, although it did not prevent 26/11 and countless other acts of terrorism within the country. The pusillanimous response of the Manmohan Singh government has further emboldened Pakistan and the separatists in the valley to continue with the low-intensity war. Yasin Malik is free to sit with Hafiz Saeed, and Mehbooba Mufti, the President of the PDP, can castigate India for treating Kashmir as a “colony.” Farooq and his son Omar Abdullah have brought governance to such a new low that one can find parallels only with the likes of Papa and Baby Doc, who between them ruled Haiti in the Caribbean for almost thirty years, ruining that nation beyond imagination. Kishtwar goes up in flames on the day of Eid; minority Hindu properties are destroyed and young men killed with impunity with the state police as mere spectators, but the Chief Minister has no time to visit this disturbed part of the state. The men of straw who constitute the central cabinet in New Delhi think nothing of destroying the morale of the armed forces by making selective leaks of sensitive intelligence, with the sole purpose of destroying the career and credibility of a retired Army Chief who refused to kowtow to the babu’s of the Ministry of Defence. The Prime Minister is so determined to shake the hand of his Pakistani counterpart that he completely overlooks an ongoing military incursion in the Keran sector of Kashmir.
Keeping this reality of the situation in mind, and holding the cause of peace as more important than some misplaced sense of power and superiority, does one recommend a solution that takes into account the yearnings of the people of the valley. The continuous violence and disturbance has led to such confusion that Kashmiris themselves are unable to define what they mean by azadi. They are unable to comprehend that a politically independent, but powerless state, situated in one of the world’s most volatile regions, flanked by rival nuclear powers, has no hope that it will be left in peace. An ‘azad’ Kashmir would only be as ‘azad’ as the Pakistan-occupied Azad Kashmir is today. David Devadas, in the epilogue to his excellent book ‘In Search of a Future – The Story of Kashmir’, writes: “Kashmir has not, despite education and wealth, transcended its hateful contempt-ridden past. Religious, sectarian and ethnic antipathies continue.” “Over five centuries of frequent chaos, exploitation and repression, the trust that any society requires – the willingness to set aside religious, sectarian, caste, ethnic or even personal interests for the collective good – is in tatters. Civil society bustles, but mistrust, so often evinced as ambivalence, constantly lurks. Kashmiris have deeply imbibed a consciousness of the illegitimacy of the state, its institutions and officers. Kashmiris feel they are right to blame the Indian state for fraudulent elections and weak democracy but New Delhi’s machinations are only part of the story. Kashmiris are loath to examine the roles of their leaders, the effects of their history and the state of their society…The unfortunate fact is that personal ambitions are foremost in the minds of many of Kashmir’s leaders – but no more than among most of Kashmir’s people.”
Coming back to Arundhati Roy’s statement on Kashmir, I believe that India should look for freedom from the Muslim-majority valley of the state of Jammu & Kashmir. The people of Jammu have never been equivocal in their preference and we can be sure that they would never want to be a part of Pakistan. The Ladakhis, I am afraid, have never been asked, and if given a choice, they could go either way. Islam is as prevalent as Buddhism in their province. Roy, in her proposal, was probably suggesting that India should do what Philip Spratt had suggested in 1952, with the modification that the Jammu province remains with the Indian Union, and the valley given its cherished ‘azadi’. A referendum could be held in Ladakh allowing its people to determine their future.
To believe that if the valley separates because it is Muslim dominated will have its own repercussions in the rest of the country, is not a valid argument. Geographically, apart from Kashmir, Muslims are not a majority in any of the states contiguous with Pakistan. Further, the overwhelming majority of Indian Muslims, who constitute over 15 per cent of the population, has absolutely no sympathy for the partisan few who still fan a tired idea called secession. In fact if the Kashmir valley is allowed to separate it will take the wind out of the sails of the Islamists, and will leave Pakistan with no excuse to further its nefarious designs in India. The move will release the vast military apparatus tied down in the valley that can be deployed for better security in the rest of the country. It will also save the national exchequer vast amounts of money literally going down the drain in the valley. Internationally too the country will gain as the allegations of human rights violations, true or imaginary, will cease and India will be able to occupy its rightful place in the comity of nations. Pakistan, on the other hand, could also benefit, as it will have no more reason to maintain a huge military establishment, thereby reducing the role of the armed forces in its governance. The country may eventually grow out of its medievalist mind-set and achieve some modicum of liberal democracy. A less hostile, democratic neighbour can only be good for India and the subcontinent.
In the Name of Jihad
Zubin Mehta’s Concert in the Valley – Significant for Many Reasons
The Mythical Dayan Of Kishtwar & The Eating Away Of The Indian State
Politics And The Cricketer From Jammu & Kashmir
Lessons from Afghanistan – How Not To Win Friends And Influence People
Freedom of Speech For Terrorists In India
Image Source: Kashmir Map
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Text by Voice allows you to safely text while you drive entirely through voice. There’s no need to touch or look at the screen at all. Text by Voice will automatically read incoming text messages aloud and give you a chance to respond. You can also set an auto responder for incoming text messages, and have Text by Voice start automatically when you start driving, and make calls hands-free. Text by Voice lets you compose texts on the fly. It runs in the background so you can use other apps at the same time. Drive more safely with Text by Voice.
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There are so many heart-rending stories about the people who went through the terror of the Pol Pot regime, then survived the refugee camps in Thailand, to finally make it to a new home country arranged for through a joint effort by the UN and several Western governments, most notably the U. S. and France, which two countries had had the most impact on the recent history of Cambodia. These people arrived in their new homes destitute, without speaking the language of their host countries, not knowing a whole lot about that strange new culture. Most had children who were literally thrown into a new and very different social and educational system, who had to enter school without knowing a word of English. The elders had to find jobs, mostly menial, to carve out a bare minimum of living. But eventually, they all managed to establish new lives, some with great success, some with less, some failed and remained poor, some turned to crime, but the great majority were integrated into their new societies, making their way from poor immigrant refugee to respected members of their community.
In the West we always read about these people and the hardships they went through. Their experiences must be remembered untarnished, undiminished, with respect and honor. After all, all of them were victims of a brutal regime, of two disparate political systems, of the battles these systems fought over hegemony of the world, and worst of all, it was not their fault. Ruthless ideologues subjected them to inhumane cruelty and barbarism with a whimsical, fanatical zealotry.
But there were equally affected people whose stories are seldom heard. Those are the people who lived through the same nightmares but did not flee their homeland, perhaps did not have the opportunity, means, or courage to do so, or simply did not want to. These people remained in Cambodia to work, freely or by force, under the succeeding repressive Communist governments, first Vietnamese, then Khmer. These were also survivors of the Pol Pot regime whose minds will also forever be scarred by horrible memories. These are the people who made up the population of roughly 7 million in 1993, at the time of the U.N. sponsored elections, versus the roughly 150,000 to 200,000 Khmer who fled the country (according to Marjorie Zieck in a study entitled UNHCR and Voluntary Repatriation of Refugees – A Legal Analysis).
I want to recount the story of one such survivor; a man who was not to be vanquished by the vicissitudes of geo-political power play and the unconscionable pursuit of unrealistic political goals by infamous rulers.
Born to middle-class parents in 1946 in the Northern region of Cambodia, Bun* and his parents moved to Phnom Penh as a toddler when his father got a job as a medium-ranked civil servant in the still French-run administration of Cambodia. He was the second youngest child and had two sisters and 5 brothers. The first years of his life were rather unremarkable, in no way different from many others in similar situations. He went to elementary and secondary school in Phnom Penh, where he met and made friends with many youngsters, some of whom he still knows today, 50 or so years later. He finished his secondary education with the French baccalaureate. Being of modest means his parents could not afford to send him to a college or university. His grades weren’t good enough for a scholarship either. Nonetheless, the French education he received left him with an open and inquisitive mind. His thinking was deeply influenced by his French or French-educated teachers, though he has remained to this day a firm believer in Buddhism and the traditional Khmer way of life. It also left him with one valuable asset; he learned the French language.
It was normal for many a young Khmer at that time to seek a career in the civil service, armed forces, or in law enforcement. If he became an officer this would lend considerable prestige to his social status, elevating him above his normal station in Khmer society. So he applied for a job as a police officer. He passed all necessary tests and was accepted as a cadet. According to him, the police force at that time was structured similarly to the military with the rank-and-file soldiers, the non-commissioned officers, and officers. He absolved a strict and severe training at the police officers academy and left as a junior lieutenant. But instead of being employed as a police officer in Phnom Penh, as he had hoped, he was posted with the border police in Northeast Cambodia along the border with North Vietnam, which was, as we know, Communist. He was also in charge of customs, which earned him some extra income. Little baksheeshes were as customary then as they are now. This was in the years of Sihanouk’s reign. He got married in 1967 and one year later had a baby girl, which was to be followed by 5 more baby girls until he finally had a son.
Eventually, because of his good work he was posted back to Phnom Penh where he was assigned to the secret police. Communist provocateurs and agents were omnipresent during those times, the Communist insurgency was in full swing, and the secret police was in charge of counter-intelligence. He was also promoted to the rank of 1st lieutenant.
Bun was not interested in politics and did not belong to any political party. For him police work was just a way of making a living. After Lon Nol toppled Sihanouk in 1970 the whole government and administration of the country was purged of pro-Sihanouk elements. Since Bun was apolitical he was not seen as a risk and was retained in his position in the secret police until 1975 when the Pol Pot insurgency finally achieved victory.
Since he was aware of his precarious situation due to his work in Lon Nol’s secret police he opted to flee from Phnom Penh even before the Khmer Rouge arrived there to evacuate it completely. He went into hiding in his home province but did not go to relatives or friends but went to live in the jungle. He left his wife and children in the care of friends and her family. He thought they would be safer without him. They could always claim he had died fighting with the Lon Nol forces. He also changed his name and got rid of all personal documents pointing to his true identity.
As the Khmer Rouge regime became more and more paranoid killing suspected opponents and the intelligentsia by the hundreds of thousands, he had to go ever deeper into the jungles to evade capture. Food had become scarce throughout Cambodia – a famine was ravishing the country. Altogether close to 2 million people died of starvation and by execution. Bun’s situation was even worse as he needed to survive on what nature had to offer in the jungle. Nowadays, there are reality shows on TV about survival in the wilderness. He actually lived it, and it sure wasn’t a game for him. No helicopter was waiting to evacuate him if he fell ill. He ate what the jungle would offer, insects, rats, berries, whatever he could find. He gave up hope of ever finding his family again when he learned of the scope of cruelty of the Khmer Rouge regime through his sparse contacts with villagers. Bun practically lived far from any normal civilization for most of the 4 years of the Pol Pot regime.
After the Vietnamese had invaded Cambodia in 1979 and driven out the Khmer Rouge he slowly ventured back into civilization, or what was left of it, by first going to his home town, only to find out that his parents as well as all his brothers and sisters had perished in the past 4 years. Inquiries about his wife and children did not reveal any news whether or not they were still alive or whether they had perished too.
He was a city person and couldn’t work in the fields so he decided to go back to Phnom Penh to try and find a job there. The question of his identity he thought he would be able to resolve somehow with the new authorities. Though a (different kind of) Communist of government, but an equally ferocious opponent of the Sihanouk and Lon Nol regimes, was in power, he thought he was too insignificant to be persecuted by them, especially since he had adopted a new name and shed his police past. Most of the new bureaucrats were drawn from different cadres. Previous government officials, if they still lived and had not fled Cambodia, were not employed in the civil service. We are in the year 1980 now.
After working a number of odd jobs he wanted to look for work more in line with his education. But he needed some form of identification to apply at government offices. Since many people had lost everything in the Pol Pot years, including all personal documents, it was relatively easy to get an id card in his new name. Subsequently he was able to land a government job, working in one of the ministries in various positions, ending as a special assistant to the minister in the late 1980s, even though he never joined the party nor was he ever active in politics, continuing his passivity in that respect. He had learned first-hand what it could mean working for the wrong side in a struggle for power. He wanted to rely on his expertise and experience only.
Since his return to Phnom Penh he had also frantically searched for any sign of life or whereabouts of his wife and children. He finally resigned to the fact that they were dead.
In 1982 he met another woman whom he married and with whom he had two daughters. One of the perks of being a government employee was that an apartment was assigned to him and his new family. It consisted of the ground floor of a typical Cambodian-style row house in the city.
However, shortly after getting married his first wife turned up in Phnom Penh looking for him. Now he was in a real quandary. He was married to two wives and had children with both. He loved them both, but the question of love had to be subordinated to how to take care of both families. He decided it the logical way – he believed he had a greater moral responsibility to his first wife and moved back to live with her and their children.
The second wife did understand when he explained he just could not simply leave his first wife. But he will take responsibility for his children with her as well. Thankfully, his second wife worked as a nurse and was not dependent on him for support. She also moonlighted as a first-aid station for a great number of neighbors with minor medical problems. This earned her some extra income, modest by any means, but still enough to feed and clothe herself and her children. Bun contributed whenever he could. He also divided his time between the two families.
His first wife certainly did not like the situation but couldn’t do much in the face of her husband’s resolve to live up to his two familial responsibilities.
In addition, he did find a number of his siblings’ sons and daughters, altogether eventually numbering 20. First there was one, and then a second one heard about him and joined him too. Word somehow spread to the other survivors and they all moved to Phnom Penh to live with their family.
The family with his first wife grew to 7 children, 6 girls and one son, and his one older sister who had also survived the genocide.
Now, this man supported two families numbering a total of 12 people plus an assortment of 20 nephews and nieces. Some of them were able to contribute to the family as soon as they had reached working age. But nonetheless, Bun’s tireless efforts sustained all these people throughout the eighties and early nineties.
Again, the government had helped him tremendously when it assigned him a two-story house in a nowadays very elite section of town, with enough rooms to house his large family.
He sent them all to school for at least a basic education. Some of them fared better than others, but eventually they all found jobs to support themselves. He was their surrogate father. According to Cambodian tradition his nephews and nieces all considered him their father. Traditionally, Cambodian families are very close-knit and children show extreme loyalty to fathers, mothers, uncles, aunts, and grandparents. In the same vein, cousins are considered more like brothers and sisters.
On account of his work he traveled quite extensively as part of Cambodian delegations to ‘brother’ Communist countries like East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Hungary, which left him a man with a rather worldly, sophisticated outlook.
In 1988 Cambodia was slowly opening its borders to Western people following Vietnam’s example, which had introduced its own kind of glasnost and perestroika, called Doi Moi (renovation). This was when the writer met Bun the first time. Bun had seen the change in Cambodia’s path coming. He, like many people, did some side business trading goods, initially mostly from Vietnam. But when he came in contact with Westerners, he decided there probably was more of a future in business than continued civil service with a meager income.
In 1989 he did his first business deals with the writer importing goods from Europe. The writer, in turn, saw opportunities there with rising demand for Western goods, as this country virtually needed everything. Money was in short supply, though, which created some sort of natural restrictions on those opportunities. But nonetheless, Bun and the writer set up a joint business importing all kinds of goods, ranging from cement, to batteries, to light machinery.
During the nineties Bun continued raising his big family. This had its benefits too. Whenever we needed some special service, he had someone handy to help with the work. I asked him, ‘Where do you find these people?’ He said, ‘Oh, this is one of my nephews and his friends.’ When I needed a business visa with a longer validity he turned to one of the older nephews who was an officer with the immigration police. I promptly got a business visa for 5 years for only a nominal fee.
As if he hadn’t enough dependents already, his second wife adopted a newborn foundling who had been left on the doorstep of the hospital where she worked. He got this youngest son at the age of 49. Of course, this is not old age for Cambodian men to have children. But normally they are grandpas at that age, which he was too.
He was blessed with good luck in that all his daughters found good husbands once they had reached marrying age. Being a semi-traditional Khmer he did not mind his daughters seeking their husbands on their own. But naturally, he had to approve the match.
His business ventures did not turn out to be so successful since many other people seeing the same opportunities just hopped on the same bandwagon. So eventually, you had 5 or 6 companies importing batteries, for instance, which led to a rapid decline in prices, oftentimes shrinking profits to zero or even a loss.
At the turn of the century he didn’t have much to show for all his business efforts. Eventually he stopped doing business altogether as bigger companies started taking over all sectors of business. He just made enough money to sustain his immediate family.
He renovated his house and rented it to foreign businesspeople. He himself rented a simple apartment for his family for under $100 a month. He lived on the rent income of $500 a month and the little money he earned as an interpreter for French companies who had come to Cambodia. For a time he worked for a French tour operator and made $600 per month. But this was short-lived as the anti-Thai riots in 2003 killed the tourist business.
He then went to work for South Korean entrepreneurs setting up garment processing factories. There he also made $600 a month. In the end he practically ran the factory, but the owners did not show their appreciation by raising his salary. He was too timid to ask for more despite my urging him to do so. He was afraid they might lay him off. In the end he did lose that job when the garment factory went bankrupt leaving behind unpaid wages of about $1 million (which debt the government assumed and paid the workers).
He then turned to on-call free-lance work for other South Korean businessmen. He made $50 each time they needed him for some service. But those calls were not frequent. It was just enough money to pay for the basic necessities. He was in dire straits again, but he plodded on.
I had always told him to sell his house and use the money to start a real business. He always rejected this idea saying that the house was the only thing he owned, and he didn’t want to lose it.
But in 2003 and 2004 his numerous South Korean acquaintances had started to invest heavily in real estate and made a lot of money. The land speculation boom had begun. Now he decided to sell his house and go into real estate to try and finally make some real money.
So he bought a small piece of land and ‘flipped’ it after a short time. With this money he bought a bigger piece of land and developed it and sold half of it. He is currently keeping the other half for prices to rise even higher to increase his profit.
Since he didn’t have enough money he asked his meanwhile grown daughters for loans, $5000 here, $10,000 there. So all his family will participate in the profits. (One son is still in college, the other still in school.)
Additionally, he became a partner with one of his French acquaintances who had opened a couple of boutique hotels in Phnom Penh. They are building another boutique hotel banking on the growing tourist business. This turned out to be a very profitable investment.
Except for his son, the second daughter with his second wife, and his adopted son, all his children, nephews and nieces are married now and have their own children. They all have good jobs (by Cambodian standards) or successful small businesses. One daughter met a Khmer-American on his visit to the land of his parents. They eventually got married and she now lives in the U. S. and has two children.
Thanks to Bun they all turned out well and are honest, hard-working and good family people.
It looks as though at the tender age of 61 success and a modest prosperity has finally come his way. He built a new house for his wife and the family of one of his daughters with her husband and two children live there too. He owns a big second-hand Mercedes limousine; his son drives a small Korean import. He has a live-in maid who looks after the grandchildren.
Every Friday the family gathers at his house to eat and chat and simply have fun. They all get along well with one another. After all the hardships in his life, Cambodia is finally good to him.
When I asked him why he has his daughter and her family living with him, because I personally can’t wait until my 4 children have left the house, he replied, “Oh, I can’t just live alone with my wife, it would be too boring. I just love when the grand children run all over the house, like when I am lying on the floor and they trample all over me. I need this.”
This is the story of an average Cambodian. This is the story of a hero. By his actions and what he did that many people would not do, Bun exemplifies the spirit of the people of Cambodia of the time that truly loved their country. He took charge of his own fate showing courage, bravery, and patience. He had an unwavering, indomitable belief in survival.
People meeting Bun would never guess what this man went through; and he doesn’t tell this story to anybody. I am a rare exception having been his close friend for almost 20 years.
When he met old school friends, some of whom have reached a high position in government, he can explain away his name change, because people in Cambodia understand what it was like in the late seventies.
When the Vietnamese invaded Cambodia, a large wave of refugees left the country. A lot but not all feared for their lives because of the threat of persecution by the Vietnamese authorities. Among them were followers or members of the coalition government that had been formed to oppose the Vietnamese forces in Cambodia. They felt they had no choice but to leave Cambodia to save their own lives.
Bun on the other hand elected to stay and tough it out. He may have done so instinctively, without much thought to politics, motivation or whether any other options were available. He believed that his family was still alive. He fervently hoped to be reunited with them. That may have played the decisive role in his subconscious decision-making process.
He made sure that over 30 people for whom he assumed responsibility over the years made it through those hard times to build a new life for themselves. This alone was a Herculean task in itself. He had a will not to be defeated by the circumstances in his country. He showed tenacity and perseverance. But most of all, he was of firm and steadfast character when it came to helping his family survive. He is one of a generation that built the foundation of today’s Cambodia. They cannot be given enough credit for their contribution in building a new and free Cambodia. They are the ones making it possible for erstwhile refugees to come back and possibly retire in their homeland. And they are the ones that will pass on to their children a country worth living in again and to be proud of. A country that has a long way to go but there is this proverbial silver lining on the horizon, not the least thanks to him and his contemporaries.
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Wireline Issue 52 Winter 2021
Emissions fall 10% in a year
Emissions from the UK’s offshore oil and gas industry fell by the equivalent of 1.8 million tonnes of CO2 in 2020, a 10% reduction on the year before. Efficiency improvements and reduced flaring and venting accounted for nearly half, while the rest were due to the pandemic. In its 2021 Energy Transition Outlook, OGUK estimates that emissions from the production, transport and processing of oil and gas in the UK fell to the equivalent of 17.1m tonnes of CO2 in 2020. This compares with the 2018 figure of 18.9m tonnes (5 percent of the UK’s national emissions). The OGUK report coincided with the UK Government’s Net Zero Carbon Strategy,
setting out how the country might cut emissions while growing the economy. The reductions are in line with the sector’s ambitious commitments under the North Sea Transition Deal, in which the industry committed to reduce emissions 10% by 2025, 25% by 2027, and 50% by 2030. OGUK sustainability director Mike Tholen, describing the reduction as “just the beginning of our journey,” said he expected faster reductions post-2023 as industry initiatives had an increasing impact, supported by broader climate initiatives. “We need a managed and orderly transition to a lower-carbon energy system, and during this period society will continue to use oil and gas,” he said.
Government launches upstream checkpoint The UK Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) published two major documents in the dying days of 2021: the Carbon Compatibility Checkpoint consultation for new upstream licences; and a business plan for companies to engage in CO2 transport and storage. In September 2020, BEIS asked officials to consider if the continued award of licences for oil and gas exploration was consistent with the nation’s carbon budget, its nationally determined contribution (NDC) and its hope to reach net zero emissions by 2050. The scope extended to the economy, including jobs, tax revenues and economic contribution and energy security. The government decided to introduce a “checkpoint” before a licensing round is offered, and is now consulting on the design of that checkpoint. Views are to be submitted by the end of February 2022. The government also published its draft business plan for CO2 transport and storage companies. It believes that the two activities should be done by the same company with
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The citronella plant is one of the most pleasant plants to grow in your garden. It has a citrus-like aroma and rich and colorful foliage. This same aroma is the reason the citronella plant has been known to repel mosquitoes. Although there’s no scientific basis for these claims, the citronella plant got the name the mosquito plant from this common misconception.
Whether you plant it to repel mosquitoes or simply because it looks and smells great, there’s no denying the merits of having the citronella plant in your garden. So what is the mosquito plant? How do you grow it? And how easy or hard it is to care for it? Read on to find the answers to these questions.
Citronella Plant at a Glance
The citronella plant (Pelargonium Citronella) has leaves that look very much like parsley. In the summer months, this evergreen perennial grows lavender flowers which spread that citrus fragrance that gave it its name. The flowers look like geraniums and their scent grows strong in the summer evenings.
Gardners like the mosquito plant because it can fit within many landscaping designs and schemes. You can use it in borders and floral hedges, or grow it in containers on your patio or balcony. Thanks to their aromatic qualities, they’re planted along borders and paths in the garden to spread their fragrance.
Despite their pleasant scent, you should be careful around the mosquito plants especially if you have pets. These plants are toxic and can cause health issues to both cats and dogs. If your cat or dog comes in contact with the leaves of the citronella plant, they might get dermatitis. Eating the leaves in small quantities can give them an upset stomach while ingesting large quantities would kill small animals. So always keep it out of reach of animals and children.
How to Grow Mosquito Plants
When it comes to growing mosquito plants, this is a two-step process. First, you need to start with the seeds and after they germinate and give you seedlings, you’ll need to plant them in their permanent place either in a container or in the garden.
Grow Mosquito Plants from Seeds
The main reason you’d want to grow your mosquito plants from seeds is to ensure the quality of the plant and maybe also save a few bucks. However, this step takes a lot of time and work.
- To give yourself a head start, sow the seeds indoors before you move them out.
- Start about 6 weeks before the last frost.
- Fill a pot or a shallow container with soil and compost then water it to make it damp.
- Sprinkle the seeds on the wet soil. That way the seeds will stick to the soil and not fly away. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil.
- Cover the container or pot with a plastic cover to protect against the chilly wind. Warm soil is necessary for germination.
- After a couple of weeks or a little more depending on the weather, the seeds germinate.
- Once the seedlings grow a couple of inches, thin them out to keep the healthy ones.
Planting Mosquito Plant Seedlings
While the citronella plant has USDA hardiness zones between 9 and 11, they need special care and attention to grow successfully in cool climates. If you worry about the weather conditions in your area, then you should stick to growing the mosquito plants in containers. Keep in mind that you’ll need to harden the seedlings you grew in the first step before you move them to their permanent place in the garden.
The spot you choose for your citronella plants should get at least 6 hours of sunlight every day. The south and west parts of your garden are ideal spots to grow this hardy perennial. The same rule applies to indoor plants. They should be near a window that gets plenty of sunlight every day. Make sure the soil is well-drained.
Dig a hole in the soil that’s twice the size of the pot where the seedlings grew. Place the seedling with a clump of soil around its rootball into the hole and fill it with soil. Make sure the top roots are level with the soil. Also, space the citronella plants about 16 inches apart to allow them to grow without competing over space of nutritions.
Citronella Plant Care
Admittedly, growing mosquito plants from seeds is not the easiest or most straightforward process. However, once you have them growing happily in your container or out in the garden, then caring for them gets easier.
One of the most crucial aspects of plant care, especially evergreen perennials, is watering. The thing is, there’s no clear cut set of rules that tell you how much you need to water your citronella plants. Many factors play a role in irrigation frequency. From the weather conditions to the soil type and the time of year. One thing to keep in mind though is that overwatering is the number one enemy of mosquito plants. Drainage holes in the containers are your safety valve against waterlogging. Also, let the top few inches of the soil to go dry before you water the plant.
As with most flowering plants, your citronella plants need a dose of plant food supplements both during the growing and flowering cycles. A well-balanced fertilizer will give your plant all the nutrition it needs to grow robust foliage, fight off diseases, and produce fragrant blooms in the summer. For best results, fertilize the plant in the early spring and once again the middle of summer. The recommended dose is one tablespoon of fertilizer for every square foot of soil. Avoid adding the fertilizer near the stem of the plant to prevent burning it.
Pruning the mosquito plants will become a regular chore once these hardy perennials reach maturity. While on average the fully grown citronella plant can reach between 2 to 4 feet, if you don’t take the pruning shears to it, this growth can become unmanageable. Many horticulturalists like to snip or pinch new growths to encourage the plant to become bushy.
Another thing to look out for is the tendency of the plant to become leggy. This is usually caused by poor or not enough sunlight. Trim away the leggy branches and make sure your plant gets 6 hours of sun every day. Also, pay attention to wilting leaves and branches. Removing those triggers the plant to grow healthier branches to replace the dead ones.
Many evergreen perennials need special care in the cold winter months. And the citronella plant is no different in this respect. When the weather changes and the temperature drops, it’s time for you to move your mosquito plant container inside. They should stay there sheltered from the elements until the last frost has passed.
For plants in beds that cannot be moved, make sure to cut them back in late September or October depending on when you expect your first frost. Then cover the beds with mulch to keep the soil warm. If you fear your citronella plants won’t survive the winter, you can dig them out and plant them in containers. Make sure to take out the plant with the clump of soil that protects the roots. Plant them immediately in the containers and water the soil.
Pests and Diseases
The most commons problems you will have with the citronella plants are leaf spots. It’s an issue related to overwatering. If you notice dark spots in the foliage, hold off the water until the soil goes dry. In many cases, leaf spots are accompanied by root rot. If the problem doesn’t go away after you let the soil dry, you might have to repot the plant after trimming the damaged roots.
As for pests, the mosquito plant, ironically, attracts common bugs such as mealybugs, caterpillars, and whiteflies. For large infestations, you can use neem oil to eliminate these pesky bugs. If it’s just a few bugs, you can pick them one by one with your hand and get rid of them in a bucket of water.
Tips for Growing Citronella Plants
Even though some aspects of growing and caring for citronella plants seem daunting at times, don’t let that intimidate you. Here are a few tips that help you get the most out of your mosquito plants and avoid the most common problems gardeners have with them.
- For a healthy and bushy plant, make sure it gets at least 6 hours of full sun on a daily basis.
- Hold off the water until the top couple of inches of the soil is dry. The mosquito plant can handle dry soil better than a constantly moist one.
- Well-drained soil with a pH between 6 and 7 is ideal for the success of this plant.
- Make sure the container or pot has enough drainage holes in them to prevent waterlogging.
- The ideal temperature for the growth and success of citronella plants is between 60 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit.
- Citronella plants grow well along with other companion plants such as thyme, mint, coleus, and nasturtium.
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Vaccines to toddlers? Why would medical professionals give vaccines to a segment of the population that hardly if ever gets covid? Back with us today to look at this is Dr. Jane Orient (aapsonline.org), Executive Director of the Association of American Physicians and Surgeons. She examines the latest push to vaccinate toddlers as well as teenagers – neither group statistically likely to get covid, let alone suffer from it. She also discusses adverse effects from those who have had the vaccines, including sudden adult death syndrome.
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Two stories on CNN.com today show how the deepening oil crisis is sending the addicted US government searching in desperation for more petroleum to come to market, as prices have broken records every day for the last week.
While Congress votes to cut off sending more oil to the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, Bush is in Riyadh pleading with the Saudis to increase production, and being outright denied (see below). Though CNN doesn’t say it, the reason the Saudis won’t do it is most likely that they simply can’t. If Matthew Simmons’ book Twilight in the Desert is correct, Saudi Arabia has no more spare capacity, and therefore can no longer be called on to increase supply when the market gets tight. The US is up the creek without a paddle.
No small fix here or there is going to be anything but a drop in the bucket as this crisis develops. $4-per-gallon gasoline will be remembered as amazingly cheap in a few years, and $100-per-barrel crude oil might never be seen again.
The only solution to this crisis is to create an economy that does not rely on oil, or fossil fuels of any kind for that matter. We can accomplish it by focusing on meeting human needs above the interests of corporations and governments, who are the real petroleum consumers. One positive first step would be to abandon the $3 trillion War against Iraq and use those resources to provide universal health care and universal higher education in the US, the most backwards industrialized nation. Likewise, the smart money is on dropping ethanol and other so-called biofuels like the dead weights they are, and once again making all those millions of tons of corn and other grains available for hungry people to eat.
Common sense forever evades a junkie government.
Saudis rebuff Bush’s request to pump more oil
RIYADH, Saudi Arabia (CNN) — Saudi Arabia Friday rebuffed President Bush’s request to immediately pump more oil to lower record prices, saying it does not see enough demand to increase production.
President Bush walks with Saudi King Abdullah in Riyadh Friday.
The Saudis said they would increase production if customers demanded it, Steven Hadley, Bush’s national security adviser, said.
Bush is spending much of the day in closed-door meetings with King Abdullah, the Saudi ruler.
Friday’s visit was Bush’s second trip to the kingdom this year, coming as oil prices reached a new record high Friday of more than $127 a barrel. When he traveled to Riyadh in January, his request for the Saudis to pump more oil was also rejected.
Oil prices were just below $100 a barrel in January, and Americans were paying an average of $3.06 for a gallon of gasoline. They were paying $3.78 on Friday, following more than week of record highs every day.
“Clearly, the price of gas is too high for Americans, and it’s causing a hardship for many families of low income. But it also is not allowing our economy to grow as strong as it could,” spokeswoman Dana Perino said en route to Saudi Arabia.
“One of the best ways to have lower prices is if there was a better calibration between the laws of supply and demand. We have little — not enough supply, and too high demand. Trying to get more supply out there is good for everyone,” she said.
But Saudi Arabia — and many economists — say the high prices are a result of market speculation, the weak dollar, and demand from the developing world rather than a shortage of supply.
“We will raise production when the market justifies it. This is our policy,” Ali al-Naimi, Saudi Arabia’s minister of petroleum and mineral resources, said during Bush’s first visit in January. “Our interest is to hopefully keep supply matching demand with minimum volatility in the international oil market,” he added.
Saudi Arabia maintains spare production capacity of about 2 million barrels per day use when there is “an unexpected need,” al-Naimi said in January.
Bush will also discuss oil industry security and peaceful nuclear cooperation with the Saudis. The trip, part of a Middle East tour that began in Israel and will continue to Egypt, marks the 75th anniversary of diplomatic relations between Washington and Riyadh.
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Thailand’s education system stands at a crossroads. Significant investment has widened access to education and the country performs relatively well in international assessments compared with its peers. But the benefits have not been universally distributed and Thailand has not received the return on its spending on education that it might have expected. This report encourages Thailand to focus on four priority areas to prepare students from all backgrounds for a fast-changing world. The first is to set clear, common standards for all students through a revised and improved curriculum. The second priority is to build capacity to reliably assess students across the full range of competencies needed for success in life and in learning. Third, Thailand needs to develop a holistic strategy to prepare teachers and school leaders to deliver education reform, including implementing the revised curriculum, and to tackle teaching shortages in the most deprived areas. The final challenge is to create a comprehensive information and communications technology strategy to equip all Thailand’s schools, teachers and students for the 21st century.
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The Toyota Way
The Toyota Way is a set of principles and behaviors that underlie the Toyota Motor Corporation's managerial approach and production system. Toyota first summed up its philosophy, values and manufacturing ideals in 2001, calling it "The Toyota Way 2001". It consists of principles in two key areas: continuous improvement, and respect for people.
- 1 Overview of the principles
- 2 The 14 Principles
- 3 Research findings
- 4 Translating the principles
- 5 Results
- 6 See also
- 7 References
- 8 Further reading
Overview of the principles
The Toyota Way has been called "a system designed to provide the tools for people to continually improve their work" The 14 principles of The Toyota Way are organized in four sections:
- Long-Term Philosophy
- The Right Process Will Produce the Right Results
- Add Value to the Organization by Developing Your People
- Continuously Solving Root Problems Drives Organizational Learning
The two focal points of the principles are continuous improvement and respect for people. The principles for a continuous improvement include establishing a long-term vision, working on challenges, continual innovation, and going to the source of the issue or problem. The principles relating to respect for people include ways of building respect and teamwork.
The 14 Principles
The system can be summarized in 14 principles. The principles are set out and briefly described below:
Section I — Long-Term Philosophy
- Base your management decisions on a long-term philosophy, even at the expense of short-term financial goals.
People need purpose to find motivation and establish goals.
Section II — The Right Process Will Produce the Right Results
- Create a continuous process flow to bring problems to the surface.
- Waiting (time on hand)
- Unnecessary transport or conveyance
- Overprocessing or incorrect processing
- Excess inventory
- Use "pull" systems to avoid overproduction.
A method where a process signals its predecessor that more material is needed. The pull system produces only the required material after the subsequent operation signals a need for it. This process is necessary to reduce overproduction.
- Level out the workload (heijunka). (Work like the tortoise, not the hare).
- Build a culture of stopping to fix problems, to get quality right the first time.
- Standardized tasks and processes are the foundation for continuous improvement and employee empowerment.
Although Toyota has a bureaucratic system, the way that it is implemented allows for continuous improvement (kaizen) from the people affected by that system. It empowers the employee to aid in the growth and improvement of the company.
- Use visual control so no problems are hidden.
Included in this principle is the 5S Program - steps that are used to make all work spaces efficient and productive, help people share work stations, reduce time looking for needed tools and improve the work environment.
- Sort: Sort out unneeded items
- Straighten: Have a place for everything
- Shine: Keep the area clean
- Standardize: Create rules and standard operating procedures
- Sustain: Maintain the system and continue to improve it
- Use only reliable, thoroughly tested technology that serves your people and processes.
Technology is pulled by manufacturing, not pushed to manufacturing.
Section III — Add Value to the Organization by Developing Your People
- Grow leaders who thoroughly understand the work, live the philosophy, and teach it to others.
Without constant attention, the principles will fade. The principles have to be ingrained, it must be the way one thinks. Employees must be educated and trained: they have to maintain a learning organization.
- Develop exceptional people and teams who follow your company's philosophy.
Teams should consist of 4-5 people and numerous management tiers. Success is based on the team, not the individual.
- Respect your extended network of partners and suppliers by challenging them and helping them improve.
Toyota treats suppliers much like they treat their employees, challenging them to do better and helping them to achieve it. Toyota provides cross functional teams to help suppliers discover and fix problems so that they can become a stronger, better supplier.
Section IV — Continuously Solving Root Problems Drives Organizational Learning
- Go and see for yourself to thoroughly understand the situation (Genchi Genbutsu).
Toyota managers are expected to "go-and-see" operations. Without experiencing the situation firsthand, managers will not have an understanding of how it can be improved. Furthermore, managers use Tadashi Yamashima's (President, Toyota Technical Center (TTC)) ten management principles as a guideline:
- Always keep the final target in mind.
- Clearly assign tasks to yourself and others.
- Think and speak on verified, proven information and data.
- Take full advantage of the wisdom and experiences of others to send, gather or discuss information.
- Share information with others in a timely fashion.
- Always report, inform and consult in a timely manner.
- Analyze and understand shortcomings in your capabilities in a measurable way.
- Relentlessly strive to conduct kaizen activities.
- Think "outside the box," or beyond common sense and standard rules.
- Always be mindful of protecting your safety and health.
- Make decisions slowly by consensus, thoroughly considering all options; implement decisions rapidly (nemawashi).
The following are decision parameters:
- Find what is really going on (go-and-see) to test
- Determine the underlying cause
- Consider a broad range of alternatives
- Build consensus on the resolution
- Use efficient communication tools
- Become a learning organization through relentless reflection (hansei) and continuous improvement (kaizen).
The process of becoming a learning organization involves criticizing every aspect of what one does. The general problem solving technique to determine the root cause of a problem includes:
- Initial problem perception
- Clarify the problem
- Locate area/point of cause
- Investigate root cause (5 whys)
In 2004, Dr. Jeffrey Liker, a University of Michigan professor of industrial engineering, published The Toyota Way. In his book Liker calls the Toyota Way "a system designed to provide the tools for people to continually improve their work." According to Liker, the 14 principles of The Toyota Way are organized in four sections: (1) long-term philosophy, (2) the right process will produce the right results, (3) add value to the organization by developing your people, and (4) continuously solving root problems drives organizational learning.
The first principle involves managing with a long-view rather than for short-term gain. It reflects a belief that people need purpose to find motivation and establish goals.
Right process will produce right results
The next seven principles are focused on process with an eye towards quality outcome. Following these principles, work processes are redesigned to eliminate waste (muda) through the process of continuous improvement — kaizen. The seven types of muda are (1) overproduction; (2) waiting, time on hand; (3) unnecessary transport or conveyance; (4) overprocessing or incorrect processing; (5) excess inventory; (6) motion; and (7) defects.
The principles in this section empower employees in spite of the bureaucratic processes of Toyota, as any employee in the Toyota Production System has the authority to stop production to signal a quality issue, emphasizing that quality takes precedence (Jidoka). The way the Toyota bureaucratic system is implemented to allow for continuous improvement (kaizen) from the people affected by that system so that any employee may aid in the growth and improvement of the company.
Recognition of the value of employees is also part of the principle of measured production rate (heijunka), as a level workload helps avoid overburdening people and equipment (muri), but this is also intended to minimize waste (muda) and avoid uneven production levels (mura).
These principles are also designed to ensure that only essential materials are employed (to avoid overproduction), that the work environment is maintained efficiently (the 5S Program) to help people share work stations and to reduce time looking for needed tools, and that the technology used is reliable and thoroughly tested.
Value to organization by developing people
Human development is the focus of principles 9 through 11. Principle 9 emphasizes the need to ensure that leaders embrace and promote the corporate philosophy. This reflects, according to Liker, a belief that the principles have to be ingrained in employees to survive. The 10th principle emphasizes the need of individuals and work teams to embrace the company's philosophy, with teams of 4-5 people who are judged in success by their team achievements, rather than their individual efforts. Principle 11 looks to business partners, who are treated by Toyota much like they treat their employees. Toyota challenges them to do better and helps them to achieve it, providing cross functional teams to help suppliers discover and fix problems so that they can become a stronger, better supplier.
Solving root problems drives organizational learning
The final principles embrace a philosophy of problem solving that emphasizes thorough understanding, consensus-based solutions swiftly implemented and continual reflection (hansei) and improvement (kaizen). The 12th principle (Genchi Genbutsu) sets out the expectation that managers will personally evaluate operations so that they have a firsthand understanding of situations and problems. Principle 13 encourages thorough consideration of possible solutions through a consensus process, with rapid implementation of decisions once reached (nemawashi). The final principle requires that Toyota be a "learning organization", continually reflecting on its practices and striving for improvement. According to Liker, the process of becoming a learning organization involves criticizing every aspect of what one does.
Translating the principles
There is a question of uptake of the principles now that Toyota has production operations in many different countries around the world. As a New York Times article notes, while the corporate culture may have been easily disseminated by word of mouth when Toyota manufacturing was only in Japan, with worldwide production, many different cultures must be taken into account. Concepts such as "mutual ownership of problems", or "genchi genbutsu", (solving problems at the source instead of behind desks), and the "kaizen mind", (an unending sense of crisis behind the company’s constant drive to improve), may be unfamiliar to North Americans and people of other cultures. A recent increase in vehicle recalls may be due, in part, to "a failure by Toyota to spread its obsession for craftsmanship among its growing ranks of overseas factory workers and managers." Toyota is attempting to address these needs by establishing training institutes in the United States and in Thailand.
Toyota Way has been driven so deeply into the psyche of employees at all levels that it has morphed from a strategy into an important element of the company's culture. According to Masaki Saruta, author of several books on Toyota, "the real Toyota Way is a culture of control." The Toyota Way rewards intense company loyalty that at the same time invariably reduces the voice of those who challenge authority. "The Toyota Way of constructive criticism to reach a better way of doing things 'is not always received in good spirit at home.'" The Toyota Way management approach at the automaker "worked until it didn't."
One consequence was when Toyota was given reports of sudden acceleration in its vehicles and the company faced a potential recall situation. There were questions if Toyota's crisis was caused by the company losing sight of its own principles. The Toyota Way in this case did not address the problem and provide direction on what the automaker would be doing, but managers instead protected the company and issued flat-out denials and placed the blame at others. The consequence of the automaker's actions led to the 2009–11 Toyota vehicle recalls. Although one of the Toyota Way principles is to "build a culture of stopping to fix problems to get quality right the first time," Akio Toyoda, President and CEO, stated during Congressional hearings that the reason for the problems was that his "company grew too fast." Toyota management had determined its goal was to become the world's largest automotive manufacturer. According to some management consultants, when the pursuit of growth took priority, the automaker "lost sight of the key values that gave it its reputation in the first place."
- The India Way - a modern management book, after the Toyota Way
- Kanban: a workflow management system also pioneered at Toyota
- Karoshi death from overwork
- 2009–11 Toyota vehicle recalls
- "Environmental & Social Report 2003" (PDF). Toyota Motor. p. 80. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
- Toyota Motor Corporation Annual Report, 2003, page 19. "The Toyota Way, which has been passed down since the Companyʼs founding, is a unique set of values and manufacturing ideals. Clearly, our operations are going to become more and more globalized. With this in mind, we compiled a booklet, The Toyota Way 2001, in order to transcend the diverse languages and cultures of our employees and to communicate our philosophy to them." (Mr. Fujio Cho, President, Toyota Motor Corporation)
- "Sustainability Report 2009" (PDF). Toyota Motor. p. 54. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
- Liker, Jeffrey (2004). "The 14 Principles of the Toyota Way: An Executive Summary of the Culture Behind TPS" (PDF). University of Michigan. p. 36. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
- Liker, Jeffrey K. (2004). The Toyota Way: 14 Management Principles from the World's Greatest Manufacturer. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-139231-0.
- Fackler, Martin (February 15, 2007). "The 'Toyota Way' Is Translated for a New Generation of Foreign Managers". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
- Heskett, James L (2012). The culture cycle : how to shape the unseen force that transforms performance. FT Press. p. 130. ISBN 9780132779784. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
- Glionna, John M. (24 March 2010). "Toyota's rigid culture criticized in light of recalls - Automaker's Toyota Way handbook dictates details of employees' lives, even in their off time". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
- Hino, Satoshi (2006). Inside the mind of Toyota : management principles for enduring growth. Productivity Press. p. 65. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
- "Relations with Employees". Toyota Motors. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
- "Toyota Code of Conduct" (PDF). Toyota Motor Europe. October 2006. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
- Stanford, Naomi (2013). Corporate culture: getting it right. Wiley. p. 130. ISBN 9781118163276. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
- Tseng, Nin-Hai (10 March 2010). "Can the Toyota Way survive Toyota's ways?". CNN Money. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
- Ordonez, Edward (1 December 2010). "When the Toyota Way Went Wrong". Risk Management. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
- "Hearing before the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform: Toyota gas pedals: is the public at risk". U.S. Government Printing Office, Serial No. 111-75. 24 February 2010. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
- Harden, Blaine (13 February 2010). "'Toyota Way' was lost on road to phenomenal worldwide growth". The Washington Post. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
- Harrison, Denise. "Success Sows the Seeds of Failure - Toyota's Complacency Causes Reputation to Crash". Center for Simplified Strategic Planning. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
- Choudhury, Uttara (10 April 2010). "Jugaad enters management jargon". DNA India. Diligent Media Corporation. DNA. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
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- New Horizons in International Business series
Edited by Robert Taylor and Bernadette Andreosso-O’Callaghan
Chapter 4: Selected Asian countries and the food supply chain (between food security and food safety)
AbstractIn some emerging Asian countries, where there has been a gradual increase in income per capita and in population, especially in those countries where rice is the most important food, the need for food security and food safety can become an impediment to growth. The Asian continent has a shortage of available land and water resources compared to population. In some of the selected Asian countries in this chapter, namely Singapore, Taiwan, Korea, India and Japan, land scarcity is notable, while a dramatic deficiency in water is a common denominator. With increasing Asian urbanization, the need for processed foods has accentuated the importance of the food industry and of the retail sector whose outlets are not always sufficiently widespread and efficiently managed. Starting from this background, the aim of this chapter is to describe the food and beverages supply chain in the selected Asian countries, highlighting future trends and comparing the picture, where appropriate, with the European picture. Major international corporations, operating in the food supply chain, have in the mid-2010s launched or announced major investments in Asian countries. The chapter is divided into several sections. Starting with a brief description of the food supply chain, it goes on to analyse the dynamics of the food supply in quantitative and monetary per capita terms and then describes the strong dualism existing within the supply chain, focusing on selected Asian countries. Key words: food supply chain, multinational and small and medium-sized (SME) companies, dualism in the food sector, food security, food safety.
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Practising mindfulness boosts your mental wellness. Here are tips on how to cultivate mindfulness and by staying in the present moment.
Mindfulness, or the mental practice of being aware of the present moment, is a powerful way to regain balance and achieve mental well-being in a busy world. Research from 163 different studies suggested that mindfulness-meditation practice had an overall positive effect on improving anxiety and stress management. Furthermore, just 11 hours of meditation is enough to show structural changes in the parts of the brain involved in monitoring our focus and self-control.
It is no wonder that the mindfulness movement has found its way to Google offices here and the National University of Singapore (NUS), where students can opt to take a Mindful Psychology module as part of their course. However, with a multitude of stressors and distractions in modern society, practising mindfulness is easier said than done. Though if persisted, successful practitioners stand to reap benefits such as relaxation, stress reduction, happiness and an overall sense of well-being.
Related: Reduce Caregiver Stress by Practicing Mindfulness
Mindfulness, quite simply, is the moment-by-moment awareness of thoughts, feelings and environment. It is a mental training technique that focuses on the present moment. Instead of worrying about the past or being anxious and fearful of the future, mindfulness is about bringing your attention to the
now. It is a mental state of being that is both relaxed and highly alert at once. For some, it is also a state where creativity and insights can flow easily without judgment. With practice, mindfulness can help to clear your mental clutter and create distance from your thoughts so that you can view them from a new perspective.
Numerous studies have shown that practising mindfulness can make people happier in the long run, and the technique is also being used in psychological therapy to treat patients with anxiety and depression. Other scientifically backed benefits include:
The great thing about mindfulness is that it can be easily and conveniently incorporated into our daily lives. As long as you bring your attention to the present moment, you are mindful. Here are some techniques and tips you may try to help you along:
Have five minutes to spare? Take the time to focus on your breath. This practice can be done anytime, anywhere: in the MRT, on your walk home, or even while waiting for the traffic light to turn green.
While there are several techniques to aid one in practice, the most common and easiest one is to begin by focusing on the breath. To do this, first, gently bring awareness to your breath. Notice how the air goes lightly in and out of your nostrils and how your abdomen extends in and out. Do not attempt to take in more air or make an effort to breathe harder than usual. Accept your natural breathing pattern the way it is and rest in it. No correction is needed. Repeat as often as needed.
At any time when you are feeling stressed, anxious or out of balance, simply take a moment to return your attention to your breath as above. Several minutes are enough to create some space and relief in your day.
It seems like an easy thing to do but keeping your focus on one single thing without distraction is harder than it seems. ‘The Raisin Consciousness’ is a popular mindfulness exercise designed by mindfulness guru, Jon Kabat Zinn that can help you, and it goes like this:
You can repeat the above exercise with any object of your choice, such as a flower. Pay it the same undivided attention and discover a new sense of joy and wonder in the process.
Boost your mental well-being by being mindful and present.
How many of us live moment to moment without any pause? If we do not take time to savour the present, we will find that time passes us by too quickly. So slow down, be mindful and savour the moment by involving all your bodily senses. Like the above exercise, start to immerse yourself in each moment, every day. Appreciate the cup of tea in your hands and enjoy every sip. Stop to notice the shape, curve and texture of a flower petal. Feel the gentle caress of a breeze on your arm. Spare five minutes of your day to take a walk in a peaceful environment: for example, HDB void decks in the wee hours of the morning before you head for work, or a detour through the town park on your way back from lunch. Allow yourself to relax and stroll. Enjoy the act of walking, and be conscious of each step you place on the ground. Instead of hurrying through to the next activity, allow yourself to experience each moment for what it is, and tap into a space of happiness and calm wherever you are.
Related: The Keys to Happiness: Mindfulness and Positive Experiences
While practising mindfulness, thoughts often arise or intrude as distractions. Your mind may wander and attempt to take you away from the present moment. Thoughts such as “This is boring” or “What shall I eat later?” or “Am I doing this right?” will wrestle for your attention. When this happens, be a witness and observer to each thought instead. Allow each thought to pass by without engaging in further thought or judgment, then refocus your attention back to your breath or the present moment. Over time, you will train your mind to be at rest and be open to whatever arises without being reactive.
Mindfulness offers an alternate perspective to you by creating distance between you and your thoughts. Where you might previously be overly attached to a certain point of view, practising mindfulness puts you through a process of “re-perceiving”. By stepping back, recognising and observing your thought patterns, you are able to reassess whether your thoughts have been habitually supporting or sabotaging you.
This new perspective can also create empathy and compassion towards others and bring greater awareness into relationships, whether at home and at work. It is a powerful tool to create shifts in our lives — simply by offering a perspective from another side.
For as little as just 20 minutes a day, practising mindfulness can not only help you to relieve stress and anxiety in the short run, it can also lead to long-term happiness, well-being and greater satisfaction in life. Now, who wouldn’t mind that?
Learn more practical tips on
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Visit MindSG for more tools to take care of your mental well-being.
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This article was last reviewed on
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Taking a screenshot is not a difficult task if you do it the correct way. If you do not know what a screenshot is and somebody has asked you to share one with them, then it is an image of something which is currently present on your screen. Be it a laptop, desktop, PC, or mobile phone, you can take a screenshot on any device which has a screen. In this article, you will find different ways to take a screenshot on devices running on Windows 10.
Easy way to take a screenshot on Windows 10 PC
Using the Print Screen button available on your keyboard you can easily take a screenshot. Not only this, you can save it as a file too.
- First of all, go to the screen of which you want to take the screenshot.
- Now, locate the “Print Screen” button on your keyboard.
- You may find it in between the F12 and Scroll Lock keys.
- After locating the key, simply hit it.
- The screenshot is now saved on your keyboard and you can paste it wherever you want using the Ctrl and V keys.
Note- you won’t actually see anything happening on your screen when you take a screenshot. Also note that, the “Print Screen” button might be labeled as “PrtScn,” “PrntScrn,” “Print Scr,” or something similar. If you encounter problems while you take a screenshot, seek immediate help from Help Number USA. These steps will prove to be helpful for the users of Acer and Toshiba.
How to save a screenshot on Windows 10?
After taking a screenshot, it is important to save it as well if you want the document for future reference. It is very easy to save a screenshot but the process is different for different keyboards. Below are given some of the shortcuts for saving a screenshot on a Windows device:
- Press the “Windows logo key + PrtScn”
- Tablet users can press the “Windows logo button + volume down button.”
- On some laptops and other devices, you press the “Windows logo key + Ctrl + PrtScn” keys.
- If these do not work, press the “Windows logo key + Fn + PrtScn” keys.
Read more on- How to resolve Windows 10 not booting issue?
How to take a screenshot on Google Chrome?
- First of all, go to the “Web store” of your Chrome.
- Type “screen capture” in the search bar and click on the “Go” or “arrow” option.
- When the search result opens, select “Screen Capture (by Google)”.
- Now, tap on the install option present under it.
- Once it is installed, click on the “Screen Capture” button on the Chrome toolbar.
- Here, select the “Capture Whole Page” option.
- You can also press “Ctrl+Alt+H” keys altogether.
- When Chrome finishes taking the screenshot, it will display the Web page that allows annotations, sharing, and saving the capture.
Steps to take a screenshot on a laptop
Sometimes, your desktop, Dell Laptop, HP Laptop or a convertible device has an Fn key, then the PrtScn key does other things other than taking screenshots. In this situation, pressing the keyboard shortcuts that include“PrtScn” key will not result in taking the screenshot. You can try the following functions for taking screenshots:
- Press the Fn + PrtScn keys to take the screenshot of the whole screen and copy it to the clipboard.
- When you press the Fn + Windows + PrtScn keys, your screenshot will be captured and saved as well.
- When you want to take the screenshot of the active window, you used to press only the Alt + PrtScn keys, but on a keyboard that has Fn key, you can press Fn + Alt + PrtScn keys for getting the same results.
For users who are still facing issues in capturing a screenshot can learn other ways to take a screenshot. Although this article has already highlighted the basic steps to capture a screenshot, if you are not able to do so, you can dial the support number anytime.
Read Related Article – Use Snipping Tool to capture screenshots
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A July report on job trends indicates five key positions in the tech industry are going unfilled, likely due to low unemployment numbers and the knowledge among skilled professionals that they have their pick of positions.
According to career solutions and talent development company LHH, software developer/engineer, product manager, program manager, network engineer/architect and computer systems engineer/architect jobs have, in descending order, been the hardest to fill in the past 90 days.
SEE: Juggling remote work with kids’ education is a mammoth task. Here’s how employers can help (free PDF) (TechRepublic)
The jobs going unfilled don’t necessarily match up with the most frequently posted job titles, though. The top five tech jobs by number of postings are project manager, senior software engineer, software engineer, Java developer and systems administrator. The titles may not be the same, but it’s easy to see the overlap: The tech industry is desperately seeking engineers, developers and managers.
This trend isn’t surprising when LHH’s numbers are compared to other jobs reports from earlier in 2021. A June survey of professionals found that nearly a third were considering leaving for other jobs that paid better, had formal flexible work policies in place or were more mindful of employee well-being.
“It’s a very hot job market. Unemployment within the tech sector is low, and organizations are seeking highly specialized experts in cutting-edge areas. Hiring managers are competing for top talent, and tech candidates have the advantage here with a high demand for their skills,” said LHH President John Morgan.
This plays right into another employment statistic cited by LHH: H-1B visas for tech jobs are increasingly going to non-traditional tech hubs, indicating that smaller cities are starting to threaten Silicon Valley’s dominance. New York City, San Francisco, Houston, Chicago and Atlanta are cited as the top five cities by H-1B filings, and Morgan said it’s not only foreign workers who are trending toward new and growing tech hubs.
SEE: IT expense reimbursement policy (TechRepublic Premium)
“We’re seeing tech talent leaving tech hubs to seek out cities with a lower cost of living, which has benefited a lot of smaller U.S. cities. With companies having proven they can make remote working successful, many companies are more flexible with employees pursuing new locations, Morgan said.
In the post-pandemic world flexible and remote work are essentials; businesses who are seeing essential tech jobs go unfilled should be sure they’re using the best possible strategies to attract top talent.
Our editors highlight the TechRepublic articles, downloads, and galleries that you cannot miss to stay current on the latest IT news, innovations, and tips.
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Death Valley in bloom: How driest spot in America becomes awash with color
The barren National Park is typically void of flowers or greenery. But every 10 years or so 'super blooms' of wildflowers fill the desert, say park rangers.
Death Valley is the hottest place on Earth and the driest place in North America, averaging 115 degrees Fahrenheit in the summer and less than two inches of rain a year. Typically the area is barren, filled with only rocks and dirt. It is almost impossible to find a living shrub in the national park, much less a field of wildflowers.
But some hardy wildflowers persist, and periodically bloom in this dry desert. And this year, thanks to rains from El Niño, the desert is afire with color.
Park Ranger Alan Van Valkenburg says he has lived in Death Valley for over 25 years, and has witnessed some “incredible blooms.” Still, he says he was curious to see a fabled "super bloom."
“It’s very rare to have a good bloom in Death Valley,” Mr. Van Valkenburg explains in a National Park Service video. “You always get flowers somewhere in Death Valley ... but to have a big bloom like this, which we hope will become a super bloom, which is beyond all your expectations, those are quite rare. Maybe once a decade or so.”
Why are super blooms so rare? Van Valkenburg says the area needs perfect conditions for all of the seeds to bloom at once.
The National Park Service (NPS) attributes three key factors to a good wildflower year in Death Valley: well-spaced rainfall, sufficient sun warmth, and minimal drying winds.
Desert flowers need initial rains to wash away seeds’ protective coating and allow them to sprout, and then continued gentle rain and ample sunlight through the fall and winter assure growth. Water is already scarce for these flowers, so any dry, gusty winds only dehydrate the flowers further.
The last two super blooms occurred in 1998 and 2005, which, like this year, were El Niño years. NPS says El Niño encourages super boom conditions because it increases rainfall during flower season.
But even if conditions in Death Valley meet all of these requirements, desert flowers in the area are ‘ephemerals,’ meaning they are naturally short-lived.
“Oddly enough, this limited lifespan ensures survival here,” explains NPS. “When enough rain finally does fall, the seeds quickly sprout, grow, bloom and go back to seed again before the dryness and heat returns. By blooming enmasse during good years, wildflowers can attract large numbers of pollinators such as butterflies, moths, bees and hummingbirds that might not otherwise visit Death Valley.”
NPS says visitors will be surprised by the diversity of species thriving in Death Valley right now.
“Death Valley really does go from being a valley of death, to being a valley of life,” says Van Valkenburg. “But it’s so brief, it’s not a permanent thing. It’s just temporary. Here for a moment, then it fades.”
All the more reason to visit the national park during a bloom, he says, especially considering there is no way to predict when the next one will occur.
“If you get a chance to see a bloom in Death Valley, especially a super bloom, you should take the opportunity to see it because it could be a once in a lifetime opportunity.”
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During Jesus' generation and the Roman Empire, how much freedom did a person have under the Roman law to worship, conduct business and personal affairs? And, can you give references? Some treatáthe Romansáas bullies and dictators, and some Caesars were, but the Bible puts many in a good reference. Paul was able to travel freely and teach in the cities as he was instructed by the Spirit ináthe Roman Empire, but it was the Jews that stirred up trouble. However, the Romans were not squeamish about using brute and lethal force to quell a rebellion.
The Bible speaks as the Romans thought of Christianity as a sect of the Jews. Would Christians have had all the same religious freedoms as Judaism?
Freedom in the Roman Empire depended much upon your class. The vast majority of the empire was populated by slaves and foreigners who had very little rights. Among the freeborn were the citizens (humiliores) and the upper-class (honestiores). Even the upper-class had its division with the principles (princeps) being at the top. Punishment for the same crime would vary greatly depending on the person's class -- the most severe punishments for the lowest class.
Slavery wasn't permanent. Slaves were allowed, and even encouraged, to save funds to purchase their freedom. Slaves abandoned by their masters because of illness or injury were automatically granted their freedom.
Religion was seen as diverse in the Roman view, having many gods blended from numerous nations. What made Judaism and Christianity so unappealing to the Romans was their insistence that there was only one God and all the rest were non-existent. The Romans met the thought of only one God with derision and hatred. (An attitude, by the way, which is growing once again.) As time progressed increasing pressure was brought against the Jews and Christians to make them conform to the typical many gods belief system and when they refused to cave in, they became the target of persecution.
One major reason for the antagonism is that among the many gods Rome worshiped was the emperor himself. That he wasn't accepted as a god was seen as an attack against the Roman government.
Morality from a Christian's viewpoint was extremely low. Yes, there was freedom to do business, but that freedom extended to a freedom to cheat customers. The state was an ever present problem for the business owner, not because of rules, but because of the demands for taxes and other payments else "problems" would develop. About the one code among all else was a desire for "peace." So long as there weren't any wild disruptions, the government didn't step in (Acts 19:40).
This desire for peace also led to demands that there be no large associations or gatherings other than those sanctioned by the state. Such gatherings were look at as breeding grounds for riots. Thus, Christians gathering for worship also triggered suspicion among the Romans.
Daily Life in Ancient Rome by Jerome Carcopino.
The Man in the Roman Street by Harold Mattingly.
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The Adventures of Israel St. James
Historically Epic Short Stories
Adventure with Israel St. James
through important moments in history
to collect powerful relics
A potent nexus in history or a rare super-genius can infuse a mundane object with supernatural power. These artifacts are Israel St James' specialty.
They always come at a cost.
Click cover to read and download the free sample story:
Talons of the Eagle
from The Adventures of Israel St. James
Art by Jason Belden
Any way you like it!
Only the immortal Dr. Israel St. James can collect and keep safe history’s most powerful artifacts.
With Archimedes’ Insight, he can detect the magic lurking beneath the surface of our ordinary world.
A potent nexus in history or a rare super-genius can manifest magical power within a common object.
These supernatural Relics are Israel St. James’ specialty.
As the keeper of Archimedes’ Apothecary, he employs multi-dimensional tools to find and collect antiquities of the most abnormal kind. Some have the ability to alter the course of civilization, and thus the responsibility for their eternal safety falls squarely on the shoulders of their immortal curator, Dr. Israel St. James.
Equal parts archeological adventure, alternate history, and puzzling mystery, this collection of pulp-style short stories has something exciting for every reader.
Fully-illustrated with over 30 drawings by comic artist Jason Belden, these 13 action-packed tales jump off the page with an extra pop of high-contrast imagery.
The globe-trotting steward of humanity’s most important artifacts collects mind-boggling objects of renown, such as:
The Rod of Asclepius, capable of healing any wound.
A special tool gifted by Nikola Tesla.
Fancy pottery made to detect new Relics as they manifest.
William Tell's crossbow bolt, which never misses its target.
A gateway that connects to any door on earth.
And so much more!
Follow Israel’s never-ending journey through the 19th and 20th Centuries in this complete collection of his short fiction. He’ll be rubbing shoulders with Nikola Tesla, battling rogue Pinkerton Agents in Chicago, picnicking on the moon, and witnessing the effects of industry and war firsthand.
There's a lot of real history with extra punch.
Over the years, loneliness has been Dr. St. James’ only reliable companion. He’s a legend of historic proportions, but he cannot contain the surging tide of raw magical power alone…
Israel All Together
We published the first six short stories in this collection as The Adventures of Israel St. James, Pt. 1 in 2013. Since then, print-on-demand production methods improved enough for us to publish Israel's adventures in their full glory. This centuries-spanning book is the only complete collection of Israel's stories.
*Seven new adventures bursting with historical action
*Dozens of new, high-contrast relic and scene illustrations
*Journal entries direct from the mind of history's most important curator
*Every Israel St. James story ever written
(in chronological order)
Meet the Artists!
Nathaniel used to daydream a lot at work.
Eventually, the daydreams got more and more elaborate—with recurring characters and ongoing plots—making it harder and harder to remember them. So, he started writing them down. These stories became The Adventures of Israel St. James, and have also spawned the News From Crate and Ostreia, two story series found in the Everlasting Stories short fiction archive and podcast.
He is a graduate of the University of MN and lives in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metro area. He is the Star Author and Game Master here at Sic Semper Serpent.
He still daydreams at work.
Jason Belden is an illustrator and cartoonist from Lincoln, NE. He graduated from The Minneapolis College of Art and Design in 2013. Driven to create vibrant images with a cinematic twist, Jason is inspired by comic illustrators, fashion designers, drag queens, and campy movies. In his spare time, he enjoys cooking and reality TV. He currently lives with his man, Kyle, and his cat, Blue, in the Uptown neighborhood of Minneapolis.
SubGenre: Science Fiction / Alternate History / Short Stories
Formats: Paperback, eBook, Kindle
eBook ISBN: 9781543981360
Paperback ISBN: 9781543981353
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During an exclusive session of panel debates and presentations arranged by MA at this week’s GBBF (9 August), Brown told visitors that craft beer and real ale have more in common with each other than die-hard real ale fans would like think.
For instance, the definitions of the two segments in the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) are based on common usage, rather than actual industry meanings.
He explained: “People say craft beer doesn’t have a definition, well as a matter of fact it does.
“In the Oxford English Dictionary, it was first described as a ‘beer with a particular flavour’. It then updated the definition to ‘a beer made in a traditional or non-mechanised way by a small brewery’. This is the definition and it’s evolved over time like craft beer has.”
The OED’s definition for real ale also differed from the one used by the Campaign for Real Ale (CAMRA) and made no mention of the brewing process or that it went through two fermentations.
‘Incomplete and different’
“It’s the same as the craft beer definition,” Brown continued. “It’s incomplete and different to the trade’s. The thing about the OED is that it’s [definitions] are based on common usage and this is how both of these terms are being used [by consumers].”
The beer writer and broadcaster then went on to counter criticism that ‘craft beer’ was only used as a marketing term and had no relevance.
“Craft beer is a marketing term and people say that like it’s a bad thing,” he explained. “Marketing is not bad, a lot of big breweries use marketing to sell awful beer, but it can be used well by talented people.”
CAMRA used marketing well itself by saying member beers were fermented twice and as result were ‘real ale’.
“If you don’t like marketing terms, then you’re in a bit of trouble,” Brown added.
He then went on to shut down real ale fanatics’ defence that the brew only came in kegs and craft beer was just sold in bottles or cans.
“Real ale and craft exist in multi-packaged formats – real ale comes in bottles too,” Brown said.
“Breweries are now packaging beers in cans with live yeast for the second fermentation and this is recognised by CAMRA, so format is not a relevant argument.”
Most popular format for craft
In fact, the most popular format for craft beer to be served from in pubs was keg, Brown added. “Some 64% of craft beer sold in the on-trade is in keg, according to CGA Strategy figures.
“What’s the problem? Why do people on both sides (craft and real) dismiss the other?” he vented.
“I think it often comes down to the origin – people say craft is from the US and real ale is English, but both sides are on the international stage. They should be getting on in harmony and working with each other.”
The Americans didn’t discount real ale as “boring and British”, but quite the contrary, he added.
“Last year, I interviewed the boss of the Brewers Association Bob Pease and he said American brewers were inspired by British ale in the first place, that Americans made those big hoppy flavoured beers because they were inspired by British beer.”
The only thing the two sides needed to remember was that none of this was about real ale or Americanisation, but “making really good-quality beer”, he said.
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Are you brasileiro?
by Emilio Neto
Now, in addition to checking
if you're American or French, thanks to Emilio, you can
see if you where you really belong is in
o Brasil, terra do samba e pandeiro...
Strength, contempt, and despair
- You believe in personal freedom in an individualistic way. You don't
see any connection between this and politics.
- You believe in God. You may, or may not, care for any organized
religion. If you do, you may belong to several different religious
affiliations at the same time.
- You're familiar with Xuxa, Roberto Carlos, Ronaldinho, Jô Soares,
Sílvio Santos, Ayrton Senna, the latest TV Globo soap opera (currently A
Indomada), Cid Moreira, Marília Gabriela, Sai de Baixo, Vila Sésamo
(Sesame Street in Portuguese).
- You know lots of things about football (soccer). If you're male, you
have your own list of the 11 players who should start for the national
team. You know something about volleyball and basketball. You are
curious about American football but baseball is absolutely
- You have four weeks of vacation guaranteed by law. You can sell half
of it back to your boss.
- McDonald's and other American-style franchises are more expensive and
more highly regarded, as a place to go for a quick meal, than the traditional
neighborhood bar/eatery (botequim).
- If you're middle class or up (about 50-70 million people), you have
telephone, TV and VCR, and one or more bathrooms at your place. You
don't need heating and may not have air conditioning. You pay someone to
do your laundry and other household chores like cleaning and cooking.
You're quite fastidious about neatness: yout house is very clean and
you take one or (during summer) more showers a day.
- You eat with your family, maybe with the TV on.
- You don't consider insects, dogs, cats, monkeys, guinea pigs, snails
or horses to be food.
- A bathroom almost always has a bathtub as well as a toilet.
- Until a few years ago, the State owned the telephone, railroad, electric,
gas, transport (serviços públicos), oil, steel, nuclear power, mining, docks
(setores estratégicos) and other companies. Now everything is being
privatized. You have a pretty clear idea of how each system works.
- Telephones are problematic. To get a new phone is difficult and
- The train system is for heavy cargo or, in big cities, the poorest
people. Planes are too expensive. Everything is done by truck, bus or
- There are dozens of political parties and you can't tell one from the
other. You vote according to personalities, not ideology. You believe in
a strong Executive, despise the Legislative and despair of the
Judiciary. You expect the politicians to do lots of public works so you
can see where your tax money goes.
- If you have been to college, chances are you were exposed to Marxism.
Apart from that, almost all political currents claim to be Socialist,
Social-Democratic or at least left-of-center. Nobody cares much about
- Between "black" and "white" there are many shades of race. Someone who
is not very distinctively black looks white to you. You probably think
you are white yourself, and it is only when you travel to the U.S. that
you find out it is not necessarily so.
- Mixed marriages are common but more so among the poor and lower-middle
class than among the rich. Pretty black or mulata girls, however,
often marry above their social class.
- You don't think most big problems could be really solved. You try to
find a way around problems (jeito) instead of actually solving them.
- You go to the courts, but only if it is a very important issue,
because otherwise it is not worth the expense, the time and the trouble.
Civil causes can last years, and penal causes also.
- You are very curious about foreigners. You enjoy having foreign
visitors in Brazil and wish there were more. You like to talk to them,
ask about their countries and especially about what they think of
Milk in bags
- You consider a foreign-born person who has lived in Brazil for a long
time and speaks good Portuguese as a Brazilian. People from Portugal are
neither Brazilian nor foreign, but something in-between; if they move to
Brazil they instantly become Brazilian.
- If you don't speak English, you're studying it or consider yourself
a fool for not doing so. If you are over 50 or have intellectual
leanings, you may speak French. You understand Spanish if people speak
slowly and think that because of that you don't need to study the
language. People who learned German or other languages are wonders of
- You think a tax level of 15% is high.
- School is free through high school, but if you have money you send
your kids to Catholic and other private schools. They then beat the
poorer kids in the admission exams for the public Universities, which
are free. If you are poor and ambitious, you may work during the day and
use your salary to pay for the private college you go at night.
- College is four years long, except Medicine which is five or six. Many
people stay for graduate studies (Mestrado) with Government
A tanga is another story
- You don't eat much mustard or ketchup except at McDonald's or
pizzerias. Pepper often comes in liquid form, in jars. Milk comes in
cardboard boxes or closed plastic bags.
- You eat rice and beans at least once a day, six days a week (except
Sunday). You eat a lot of chicken and beef, but not much pork (except
salted pork with beans) or fish (except in some parts of the Coast). You
also eat pasta, potatoes, yam and other starch, but not as much eggs,
cheese and milk as in the US. You know you should eat more greens and
vegetables. You try to compensate by eating fruit (bananas, papaya,
- You consider plums, strawberries, peaches, cherries and other delicate
temperate fruits to be delicacies.
- The date comes first: day.month.year. There are no specific dates
engraved in the collective memory except for the national and religious
- You have a skeptical view of the great political events of Brazilian
history (Independence, Republic, sundry constitutional changes). Them
old-time politicians were probably not much different from the current
lot. If you are black you may remember 13.05.1888 (Emancipation of the
- A billion is a thousand times a million.
- The decimal point is a comma, everything else is a dot.
- World War II did not concern Brazil at first. It was a problem of the
Americans, and the U.S. kept asking Brazil to help them. Which we
finally did when the Germans started sinking our ships and killing our
sailors with their stupid submarines. Our troops fought in Italy, and
Brazil helped a lot, but the U.S. was ungrateful after the war, giving
money to their former enemies instead of those who had stuck to them
when the going was rough.
- You expect marriages to be made for love, not arranged by third
parties. You can get married by a judge, by the Church or both. Church
weddings have legal value if you take the certificate to a public
notary. The reverse of course is not true. If you live like a married person with
another person of the opposite sex the law says it is the same thing as
if you were legally married. You have a best man and maid of honour or,
sometimes, up to seven couples of men/maids. And, naturally, a man gets
only one wife at a time (and vice-versa).
- If a man has sex with another man and is at the bottom, he's a
homosexual. If he is at top, then you have to check the context. Maybe
he was young or drunk or both. But it is certainly nothing to brag
- Once you're introduced to someone, you can call them by their first
name. All public personalities, including the President and other lofty
figures, are called by their first names except in an official context.
Bossa Nova? What Bossa Nova?
- If you're a woman, you don't go to the beach topless, unless maybe in
some deserted spots. Exceptions to this rule are the prostitutes that hunt
for tourists at some famous beaches.
- A hotel room has a private bath.
- You see foreign (mostly American) films subtitled, never dubbed,
except for children's movies.
- You seriously expect to be able to transact private business without
paying bribes. You frown upon people who go after Government money by
paying bribes to high officials, and rejoice when they are unmasked by
the press. However, you are not above using your personal and family
connections to speed the bureaucracy, or even tipping a police officer
or some lower clerk.
- If a politician has been cheating on his wife, it is not your
- More and more stores are taking your credit card. Before, during the
time of the high inflation, almost all stores took personal checks with
some form of official identification. Even today, pre-dated checks are a
popular form of consumer credit.
- A private company can fire just about anybody it wants. The Government
and public companies seldom fire anybody.
- You don't like bacon. You think it is gross to eat bacon for breakfast
like the Americans do.
- Labor day is in the fall, that is, on 1st May (Southern Hemisphere
fall). There are only two seasons anyway: hot-and-humid (6-month summer)
Always slow down for red lights
- Your knowledge of American pop culture is surprisingly deep in
some areas and nil in others. For instance, if you're between 25 and 50, you know a lot of American disco stars
from the late '70s and progressive/heavy rock groups from the '60s to
the early '80s. You don't know American punk or new wave groups, only
the British ones (I can't figure out why). You do not
know, or already forgot, Chuck Berry and other black rock stars; you do
not know any American country, folk or gospel singers. You don't know many American TV and theater personalities, unless they've crossed over to the movies.
- You know Brazilian soap opera. You consider it much better than
American soaps and sitcoms.
- You know Brazilian pop/rock: Paralamas do Sucesso, Barão Vermelho,
- You idolize all the great Brazilian singers/songwriters: Chico
Buarque, Caetano Veloso, Giberto Gil, Djavan, Roberto Carlos. And female
singers: Gal Costa, Maria Bethânia, Elis Regina.
- You consider it odd that Americans think of Brazilian music in terms
of Bossa Nova. For you, Bossa Nova is something that happened in the
60's and early 70's.
- If you have money, you count on excellent medical treatment. If not,
you are very afraid of public hospitals but to go them anyway. You're a
little hypochondriac and consider illness an interesting subject for
- You expect your doctor to actually talk to you like a human being. If
you ever get medical treatment in the U.S. you are shocked at the
coldness of most doctors.
- You went over Brazilian history, and some Western European, in school.
Not much American, Russian, Chinese, African, Asian or even other Latin
American. You do not know exactly whether Brazil is part of "Latin
America" or something unique. You couldn't name ten U.S. interventions
in Latin America without checking Mark Rosenfelder's web page.
- You want the military to stay put, behave themselves and not get
involved in politics (except when you are very mad at some particular
civilian politician). You think they blew it during the only time they ruled
Brazil (1964-85), and do not deserve, or wish for that matter, a second
chance. You are not able to name the top military commanders.
- Your country has never been conquered by a foreign nation.
- Except indirectly for the two world wars, which were in other
continents, your country has not experienced war since 1865-70 (against
Paraguay). Sometimes you wonder why all those crazy foreigners kill each
other, instead of enjoying life while they can. You think of Brazil as
an "island of peace".
- You envy the wide variety of choices Americans have for almost
anything they buy. If you have money you take a plane to New York or
Miami and shop till you drop.
- You measure everything in meters, kilos and liters (and Centigrade
- You are not a farmer (70% live in cities).
- Comics basically come in two varieties: newspaper strips for adults
and magazines for children.
- The people who appear on the most popular talk shows are mostly
entertainers, politicians, or rather strange individuals. Sometimes all
of the above.
Oh, those Portuguese!
- You drive on the right side of the road. You stop at red lights if
someone is around; otherwise you slow down. If you're a pedestrian and
cars are anywhere around, you better watch out carefully before crossing
- You think of Argentina as a pleasant country with two cities:
charming, cosmopolitan Buenos Aires, and beautiful Bariloche (where the
Brazilian ski championship takes place). You think Argentinians as a
people are arrogant and conceited, but you often like individual
- When you were younger, you considered the Volkswagen Beetle a dream
- The police are armed, sometimes with submachine guns. You are afraid
all police are violent and crooked, but at the same time you would
rather have them around.
- If you're a man, your ideal woman figure is plumper in the buttocks
and smaller in the breasts than the American ideal.
- The biggest meal of the week is the weekend family lunch. During the
week it is dinner.
- There's parts of the city you would not be caught dead at night except
in the company of a local who knows his way around.
- You feel that your kind of people aren't listened to in Brasilia. You
cannot imagine how it could be otherwise.
- You are scared s*less of a possible return of high inflation (up to
70% a month in February 1990).
- You like to do favours for members of your extended family, their
friends and relatives of their friends. You expect them to do favours for
- The normal thing when a couple dies is for their estate (if they have one) to be divided
equally between their children (with a chunk for the lawyers,
- The nationality people most often make jokes about is the Portuguese.
- You think of opera and ballet as something that happens on TV
sometimes. Theater is where big soap stars test their skills and satisfy
- Christmas is in summer. You spend it with your family, give presents,
and put up an American-style tree and also miniatures of the Sacred
- You may think the Church is too rich, and wish they would give more to
the poor; but you seldom give to organized charity yourself. If you are
a good person, you may help poor people you know personally.
- You cannot conceive the idea of a State Church, but you don't mind
that the intitutions use the name of God.
- You'd be hard pressed to name the leaders, but not the capitals, of
the main nations of Europe; you plan to visit them (the capitals, not
the leaders) sometime.
- You aren't familiar with European comics, except Asterix and Tintin.
Even American super-heroes are not so popular anymore (but if you're
over 20 you do remember the Spider Man).
- You've just brought a new answering machine from New York.
- Taxis are operated either by criminals or by exceptionally kind men,
who go out of their way to help old ladies and the like.
- You think everybody is entitled to a State pension when they get old
or work long enough, even if they contributed little for the Social
- Doctors are among the most important people in the world.
- There sure are a lot of lawyers.
[Back to Metaverse]
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Posted in Marketing and Strategy Terms, Total Reads: 1189
Definition: Environmental Sustainability
It would be lot easier to understand what environmental sustainability means by looking at the effective description coined by the Bruntland commission in 1987. This defines sustainable development as "Development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."
Thus it can be understood as the maintenance of some such factors and also practices that contribute to the quality of environment on a long-term basis. It also brings into the picture the belief that economic growth and environmental protection can go hand in hand. As a consequence, it has been a growing belief now for some time that green business practices are essential to continued economic growth.
Some of the activities associated with the concept of environmental sustainability include:
Dramatically reducing CO2 emissions
Stopping rainforest destruction
Taking care of carbon footprints internationally etc.
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Sea urchins and a sea star. Imagine waking up in the morning submerged in freezing water, spending your afternoon baking beneath a merciless sun, and ending the day battered by 10-foot waves that smash into you with the force of a hundred hammer blows — all the while fending off attacks from neighbors intent on making you their next meal. Such is the challenging everyday life of the remarkable creatures featured in the NATURE program LIFE AT THE EDGE OF THE SEA. This film, which took two years to create, is a vivid portrait of life — and death — in the tide pools and bays along Canada’s rugged Pacific coast.
Researchers have long marveled at the life that flourishes in the narrow band where the sea flings itself against the edge of the continent. Mussels, barnacles, and anemones carpet rocks and sand flats, crabs hide under every stone, and fish and sea stars lurk in forests of kelp and sea grass, eager for a meal. But amidst pounding waves and powerful tides, these plants and animals must find a way to hang on — or risk being tossed high onto the beach or swept out to sea. Those that find footholds are rewarded with a daily feast of food and oxygen, delivered by the rising tide.
When the tide recedes, however, the feast may be followed by famine and danger: without their protective blanket of water, residents of the tidal zone are exposed to extreme conditions, from summer’s broiling sun to winter’s freezing winds.
A barnacle in the midst of feeding. They also become vulnerable to land-based invaders: there is no way to predict when a bird, bear, or mink might emerge from its forest home looking for a convenient seafood snack.
Indeed, the tide, which comes in and goes out twice a day, is one of the few predictable events in an otherwise chaotic world, providing an underlying rhythm to life along the shore. However, unless we stare unwaveringly at the shore for hours, the tide creeps in and out too gradually for us to notice. But by using time-lapse photography, which compresses hours or days of action into just a few minutes, the filmmakers who created LIFE AT THE EDGE OF THE SEA were able to capture the subtle beauty of the flowing tide in several stunning sequences. Documenting the ocean’s slow ebb and flow was no easy task, says Rodger Jackman, the veteran British filmmaker who produced the film: it took more than a dozen tries to get the right combination of light and weather.
Despite their difficulty, however, time-lapse techniques also allowed Jackman and his team to capture sights usually visible only to the most patient observer. In two sequences, for example, events that take hours to occur in nature are compressed into the space of a few seconds: a mussel puts forth the strong, web-like threads that anchor it to the ocean floor, and a single flower-like sea anemone elegantly divides into two perfect clones. Other anemones — which, despite their plant-like appearance, are animals — are shown fighting a territorial battle.
Though slow, the fight is vicious, as the combatants stab at each other with tiny, venom-filled harpoons. In another segment, a predatory sea star pursues a fleeing hat-shaped mollusk called a limpet in a chase that moves at a glacially slow pace, yet manages to keep viewers on the edge of their seats. Though the limpet does not escape its relentless predator, other seashore animals use ingenious ways of foiling their attackers. When pursued by a hungry rock crab, a hermit crab simply climbs out of its shell, trading its home for its life. A keyhole limpet rents out space on its shell to a helpful companion, a small worm that darts out to charge the feet of a threatening sea star to drive it away. A solitary deep-water anemone literally dances away from an approaching sea star, tearing itself from the ocean floor and launching itself off with a deep bow and a twist, soaring away from the luckless star.
Producer: Ronnie Godeanu
Art Director: Sabina Daley
Writer: David Malakoff
Graphic Art: Lenny Drozner
Technical Director: Brian Lee
Scientific Consultant: Gianna Savoie
Thirteen Online is a production of Thirteen/WNET New York’s Kravis Multimedia Education Center in New York City. Anthony Chapman, Director of Interactive & Broadband. Carmen DiRienzo, Vice President and Managing Director, Corporate Affairs.
© 1998 Thirteen/WNET New York
All Rights Reserved
A Rodger Jackman Production for Thirteen/WNET New York and BBC-TV
Funding for the TV series NATURE is made possible in part by Park Foundation. Major corporate support is provided by Canon U.S.A., Inc., Ford Motor Company, and TIAA-CREF. Additional support is provided by the nation’s public television stations.
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The J.D. Power and Associates 2012 Utility Website Evaluation Study looked at 48 different utility companies across the country, surveying more than 5,000 residential customers.
The utilities' websites were reasonably popular on the whole, receiving an average rating of 828 out of 1000 points. But many people found certain key features were hard to find or difficult to use, including tips on saving energy and information and electricity usage.
"Being unable to perform simple tasks on their utility's website may be frustrating for many customers and discourage them from returning, so it is vital to create processes that are easy to understand and navigate," said Andrew Heath, senior director at J.D. Power and Associates.
Clean, easy-to-navigate websites and intuitive customer resources are one very popular draw for retail electricity providers. Aside from offering lower electricity rates, these companies have an added incentive to try to stick out above the competition, leading many to offer far more advanced tools than many utility companies.
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THE AMERICAN ZEROS
The world has seen a new United States in the last couple of years. It intended to pursue three great zeros through calming different heats, which had never been imagined even a decade back. These are zeroing frustrations among the American middle-class; zeroing military deployment in the hot geopolitical spots, and zeroing distance with its long-standing foes. The 'middle-class economy' has recently emerged as a normative buzzword subsiding the Kuznets' mantra of inevitable income inequality. Indeed, President Obama's The Audacity of Hope set the implicit tone of the middle-class economy seven years back, which he elaborated quite eloquently in his State of the Union in January 2015. It is yet a semi-utopian notion in the American context but achievable by undertaking manifold reforms in economic and social policies subject to managing formidable Republican ego. The first zero is therefore likely to be a long trail through promoting middle-class interest in the economy and polity, which also require economic and social transformations, and has a good chance of becoming a model of economic equalisation.
The second zero has also been initiated by the Obama administration to lessen the enormous burden of budget deficit to fight terror in South Asia and the Middle East. A decade-long war made the public economy of the United States considerably weak due to an estimated $6 trillion subsidy — continuing military deployment in Afghanistan and Iraq has become economically and socially unviable. Despite sporadic insurgencies and attacks on US-led NATO troops since withdrawal started in 2011, trailing a strategic zero is still continuing despite some airstrikes and Special Operations raids by US forces. Billions of dollars are also being spent to bring normalcy in economic spheres of the war-ravaged economies, which could have precious alternative uses. In fact, about 85 bailout packages could have been backed to reverse the global financial crises stemmed from the US by saving the cost of warfare in these two countries. The economic appearance of the present world could be much stronger and could be shining. The Obama administration has pragmatically realised the considerable opportunity cost of destructive dollars.
The third and final zero is relatively new, which called for a really brave heart aiming at addressing some high-voltage issues of the US foreign policy. President Obama dared to attain diplomatic normalcy with Cuba, its long-standing foe since the middle of Cold War with limited opposition from domestic politics. The Cuban flag has been hoisted at its diplomatic mission in the US land after 54 years, just some days back. Cuba is believed to be one of the next destinations of enormous global investment which would help revitalise the bystander US economy. Obama has also met Central and South American leaders at the Summit of the Americas in Panama in April 2015 where he met Raúl Castro and held face to face discussions with him. He also addressed the 33 presidents and premiers attending the summit, including Bolivian President Evo Morales and Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro who are still highly sensitive to the US. Countering Maduro's wreath for the civilian victims in the US invasion of Panama in 1989, President Obama surprisingly acknowledged that the US is perhaps ready to remove the label of "meddle with impunity" in Latin American affairs.
These developments are just peanuts in comparison with the recent six-nation high-profile nuclear deal with Iran. The agreement is still subject to approval of the US Congress where President Obama is expecting a formidable challenge. He interpreted the accord as the alternative to war with Iran, but did not mention whether it is the first or second best solution. The Economist has, however, categorically narrated it as "better than the alternatives — war or no deal at all" in its cover story titled "Hiyatollah!" on July18, 2015. The US and its allies were perhaps compelled to continue dialogue with Iran due to the changing political atmosphere in Iran and the Middle East, along with greater confidence in President Rouhani and achieving a reasonable agreement to defer its nuclear ambition. Understandably, legitimising another sensational war in the Middle East would be much costlier and complex than the deal, a far more feasible alternative.
In the context of growing IS concern and distance of the US with Saudi Arabia, the realist approach of international relations suggest that the West has both imperative and opportunity to converge with Iran in deferring its nuclear ambition despite a hard resistance from Israel. The situation is popularly known as a "Corner Solution" of economics in which a player is compelled to adopt a strategy to move forward. The deal would pave the way to take the Iranian economy off, and a small part of the extra money would be spent to purchase costly modern non-military nuclear technology, and work closely with the scientists of the US and other big nations. Nevertheless, technology transfer and knowledge spillover would strengthen Iran's skill to fulfill their nuclear ambition after a decade or so, despite intrusive monitoring of all its nuclear facilities, and enable Iran to inspect its military sites on request as per the accord, as apprehended immediately by David Rothkopf in Foreign Policy. On the other hand, the US and its allies would be able to engage Iran to curb and undo IS. Israel, which started helping Iran's nuclear programme before 1979, would eventually benefit from fighting IS, although it is now acting as a hardliner to resist the deal. Bridging the gap between Iran and the West would help soften Iran's present voice against Israel through a possible political and social transformation in favour of the West. Thus, the political economy and geopolitical equations surrounding the Gulf nations is indicating the inevitability of taking the deal forward for a win-win outcome.
As the situation moves forward in the US, President Obama is likely to be chased heavily even by some Democrat senators who are inclined toward Israel. Therefore, he has to work hard to convince the senators in line with his press briefing that 99 percent of the world population is in favour of the deal. Not very hard to predict, he will try time and again to succeed if it is not passed in the current form. Why? A new America is perhaps approaching three historical zeros!
The writer is Senior Research Fellow at the Bangladesh Institute of International and Strategic Studies (BIISS).
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Bad breath is an extremely common oral health condition that most people deal with in some capacity from time to time. Here are seven tips for combating bad breath.
Bad Breath Solutions: Hygiene, Diet and Breath Aids
What can you do for bad breath? If you have halitosis, try these strategies:
Use Good Dental Hygiene
Simply put, good dental hygiene prevents halitosis that originates in the mouth. Food debris between your teeth and around your gums creates an ideal environment for the bacteria that cause bad breath, so you need to remove it often.
Brush your teeth at least twice a day, and floss between each tooth daily, if not more often. Your dentist will tell you that brushing and flossing are particularly important after high-protein meals or other meals that trigger foul breath and dehydration.
Use antiseptic mouthwash in the morning, before bedtime and after eating, to reduce halitosis-causing bacteria growth. Antiseptic mouthwash ingredients vary from one product to another and may include chlorhexidine, chlorine dioxide, zinc chloride and oils (such as eucalyptus oil).
Tongue scrapers are also useful in managing bad breath. Scrape the mucus off the back of the tongue, where bacteria may be present; do it gently, to avoid damage to the tongue.
If you have dental braces, dentures or other dental appliances, follow your dental professional's specific instructions for cleaning these appliances in order to avoid bad breath. This is especially true when it comes to appliances that you remove at night.
Maintain a Proper Diet
Diet plays a significant role in dental hygiene. Certain foods can promote saliva flow to limit the possibility of halitosis; one example is fibrous foods such as raw vegetables. And eating a healthy breakfast every morning starts saliva flow after a night's sleep when bacteria and odor tend to build up in your mouth.
Staying hydrated through sufficient water intake is also important for bad breath prevention. Sodas, juices and other drinks that are high in sugar and acid, however, will encourage growth of bacteria that cause bad breath.
Use Bad Breath Aids
Mouthwashes, mints and gum can freshen breath in the short term, but they can't prevent bad breath altogether. You may want to try these bad breath aids as well:
- Straws can send sugary or sticky liquids past the teeth and tongue, so they can't stay in the mouth and house bacteria. Straws are especially useful for the elderly, small children and disabled people, for whom proper dental hygiene may be difficult.
- For dry mouth sufferers, over-the-counter and prescription medications can help. Certain toothpastes, toothbrushes, mouth rinses and breath sprays are also made to relieve dry mouth. Ask your dentist which ones would be best for you.
If you have bad breath, discolored mucus, colored blotches or bumps on your tongue, it may be a sign of a serious medical condition such as oral thrush, oral herpes or oral cancer. See your doctor and dentist for a diagnosis.
Next, go to:
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An app called FakeOFF is helping users to spot ‘fake’ Facebook friends.
According to recent studies, between 10-20% of Facebook’s more than 1.35 billion users are inauthentic, their purported identities either wholly constructed or stolen.
FakeOFF Founder Eliran Shachar came up with the idea for FakeOFF after realizing that he himself had been the victim of fraud.
“Nothing bad came out of it,” he explains, “but even just knowing that I had let this fake person into my life gave me this sense of having been violated. It opened my eyes to how easy it is to impersonate someone online, and how many different illicit uses that ability can be put toward.”
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ArcelorMittal has unveiled on June 19, 2018 a radical new concept for the use of steel in construction, which will facilitate the next generation of high performance buildings and construction techniques and create a more sustainable life-cycle for buildings.
Known as Steligence®, the concept revolves around the idea of buildings as holistic entities where all aspects of design are considered in an integrated way, as part of the whole. As such, it proposes the need for better dialogue between various specialist architectural and engineering disciplines, recognizing not only specialist expertise, but also the need for enhanced co-operation between experts. Steligence® further suggests that the use of best available technology in steelmaking, as well as modularization of steel components in buildings where possible, has the capacity to generate efficiency gains in the design, construction and configurability of buildings as compared to those using traditional construction methods.
Additionally, because steel is infinitely recyclable, Steligence® sets the stage for architects to consider the life-cycle, recyclability and, ultimately, re-usability of a building and its components at the earliest point in the design process.
This new approach to construction from ArcelorMittal has been brought about by real advances in technology which now make steel an even more attractive material for construction than was previously the case. As such, the Steligence® concept has the potential to drive significant architectural and sustainability benefits.
These benefits include more building storeys within a given height than is the case with traditional building systems and materials; less deep and therefore less costly foundations due to the lower weight of steel buildings compared with traditional materials; and far longer uninterrupted spans between columns, resulting in much better flexibility of interior floor layout.
In addition, buildings designed using the Steligence® philosophy will be easier to assemble (and potentially disassemble) and therefore quicker to build, leading to significant efficiencies and cost savings for the construction sector.
While steel’s infinite recyclability potential is clearly superior to that of alternative materials, even then there are associated costs given the energy necessary to melt and re-form. In this context, design where possible using modular steel components can enable re-use rather than re-cycling of steel components in new buildings at the end of life of the original building. This ‘re-use’ possibility gives steel a huge advantage over traditional building materials, particularly as regulations strengthen regarding the sustainability credentials of buildings.
Steel already plays a big role in the circular economy. Steligence® will enable the construction industry and buildings themselves to play an even more significant role in it.
Speaking at a launch event in London, Greg Ludkovsky, ArcelorMittal’s global head of research and development, said: “As climate, energy and resource scarcity intensifies, win-win solutions like Steligence® become imperative for business and society at large. Buildings play a huge part in all our lives, so creating a construction concept that improves their social, economic and environmental impact while dramatically enhancing their functionality and aesthetics has been a huge but important challenge.”
“Steligence® is the culmination of several years’ intensive scientific, independent peer reviewed research to develop specific-use steel for the construction industry. By combining this R&D with extensive consultation of leading players in the construction industry, we have landed on a radical new approach to construction which is underpinned by a clear philosophy: to build a sustainable business around a sustainable construction industry that delivers for future generations.”
Notes: Ten key benefits of the Steligence concept
- Optimal space and height. Use of the Angelina™ beam and CofraPlus 60 compact floor enables greatly reduced building height resulting in average 11% cost savings across façade, stairs and core elements.
- Lighter weight foundations. Steel foundation solutions, less than half the weight of equivalent structures, can result in an average 39% foundation cost saving, like-for-like.
- More flexible office space. Using the Angelina™ beam, un-interrupted spans of up to 13m can be achieved. Consequent reduction in columns allows easy reconfiguration of office space and therefore increased rental value.
- Speed of construction. Best in class steel solutions using 13m spans can be erected up to twice as fast as concrete equivalents in 8m and 5m spans resulting in up to 24% construction costs saving.
- Cost of ownership. Total costs of building ownership, taking into account all economic benefits, are at least 15% less than those constructed using alternative materials, when all components of the concept are applied
- Lower environmental impact. With comparatively low environmental impacts and higher recycling rates than other building materials, steel is the first choice for sustainable construction. Steel enableS access to the green building market with consequent increase in property value.
- Sustainability ratings. Buildings using ArcelorMittal steel solutions attain higher levels of certification in building rating schemes such as BREEAM and LEED than those built with traditional materials.
- Improved comfort. Steel buildings provide a more comfortable environment for building users due to optimised thermal behaviour during warm weather.
- Site traffic. Steel requires fewer site deliveries than comparative materials, resulting in less traffic congestion and so reduced impact on the urban environment.
- Creativity. Steel cladding solutions offer an unparalleled choice of creative, attractive finishes, adding materially to the urban landscape.
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With a history of eczema in my family, skin conditions are something I’ve learned quite a bit about. And recently, I’ve noticed my youngest has a rough patch or two on his body that may be an indication of one of the more common skin conditions.
Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition that causes the formation of randomly distributed patches or plaques of compacted skin with a flaky or crusty appearance. Although initial outbreaks don’t usually occur until the late teens, up to 30% of sufferers are under ten years of age. There are many symptoms parents should look out for to help obtain an early diagnosis and suitable psoriasis treatment.
What Causes Psoriasis?
Psoriasis is an irregularity within the body’s auto-immune system, and therefore not contagious in any way. Despite extensive research, the precise causes are still unclear, but there is often a genetic element. Children have a 10% chance of developing the condition if one parent has psoriasis, but the risk increases to 50% if it is present in both parents.
How Psoriasis Develops
Psoriasis is essentially an over-productive epidermal layer. Unaffected skin cells normally complete their development cycle in twenty-eight to thirty days before falling from the skin. In psoriasis, the process takes just three to four days, and the cells remain on the surface where they form flaky, scab-like patches.
The skin condition has various symptoms, so watch out for any combination of these and consult with a doctor if you notice them:
- Scratching – The most obvious symptom is scratching as psoriasis in kids produces an intense itch. The real danger here is tearing the skin and encouraging infection, indicated by oozing pus.
- Infections – A flare-up of psoriasis is often preceded by an infection in the bronchial tract, throat, or ear. Very occasionally, an injured area of the skin can prompt an outbreak, which is referred to as the Koebner Phenomenon.
- Stress – Stress and anxiety are known contributory factors, but it can often be difficult establishing the underlying causes of anxiety in children. Psoriasis in itself is distressing, particularly for very young children who cannot fully understand the situation. Being teased about it at school can exacerbate the condition.
- Red, Warm Skin – Areas of the skin before and during an outbreak often have a reddened appearance and will feel warmer than usual. This is due to the increased blood flow that is being diverted to serve the rapidly developing skin cells.
- Thirst – Psoriasis interferes with the body’s ability to absorb and efficiently distribute water. Children will complain of being thirsty, and plenty of drinks should be supplied to prevent dehydration.
- Dry Skin – Inefficient moisture being directed to the epidermis results in dry skin. The surface can often become papery and even crack before an outbreak.
- Fatigue – Children are already converting large amounts of energy as they grow, but the additional activity within the rapidly developing skin cells can leave children with psoriasis feeling unusually tired.
- Pitted, Discolored Nails
The nails of the toes and fingers gradually become thicker and can look discolored. The surfaces of the nails often appear uneven or pitted.
- Painful, Stiff Joints
Occasionally, psoriasis causes swelling and stiffness in the joints – this is referred to as psoriatic arthritis. Children might complain of aches and pains in any joint or have noticeably impaired mobility.
- Allergic Reactions
Exposure to various external substances, such as pet hair or certain ingredients in soap and shampoo, can cause an outbreak of psoriasis in kids. There is also thought to be a strong link with allergies triggered by consuming dairy products or food containing gluten.
Creams containing steroids, coal tar, vitamin D, and rich emollients such as coconut oil are commonly applied to the skin. Phototherapy, which exposes the skin to ultraviolet light, can help in some cases of psoriasis in kids.
Self-help remedies include a diet rich in Omega-3 fish oils and a wide selection of fresh fruit and vegetables. It can take a great deal of trial and error to find a suitable psoriasis treatment, as every patient responds differently to the available remedies, but establishing the symptoms can help bring faster relief.
Dealing with a skin condition can be challenging, and it’s doubly so when your child is the one suffering. But getting the initial diagnosis is the first step to dealing with that challenge! Then, work with your doctor to find the best treatment for your little one. With a little patience, you’ll find the best way to keep your child happy and comfortable!
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PHILADELPHIA (CBS) — The school budget crisis led crowds of protesters to the doors of Governor Tom Corbett’s Philadelphia office.
The group is gathered as part of the National Day of Action.
Chanting “save our school,” parents, students, and advocates rallied outside Governor Corbett’s Center City office. The turnout so big, they took over South Broad Street and forced the street to shut down. All these people demanding full, fair funding for Philadelphia’s schools.
“It is not sufficient as long as we have schools that do not have nurses. As long as we have schools that do not have libraries, with librarians in them,” President of Philadelphia Federal of Teachers Jerry Jordan said.
Schools facing serious budget cuts affecting students like this high school senior.
“It is rough, being in a big school and having only one counselor to help us seniors and 11th graders to plan for college,” he said.
The rally continued as protesters marched to 15th and Market Streets, where people hope their message will be heard by big corporate businesses in that area.
“Our most vulnerable children, the one in my neighborhood, in low income neighborhoods are the ones that are being affected the most. So we have to fight for our children’s education,” parent Kia Hinton said.
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Welcome to The Daily Prayer Team messages, each day includes a passage of scripture, a reflection and a prayer. Sponsored by Saint John Greek Orthodox Church in Tampa, FL.
When Martha heard that Jesus was coming, she went and met Him, while Mary sat in the house. Martha said to Jesus, “Lord, if You had been here, my brother would not have died. And even now I know that whatever You ask from God, God will give You.” Jesus said to her, “Your brother will rise again.” Martha said to Him, “I know that He will rise again in the resurrection at the last day.” Jesus said to her, “I am the Resurrection and the life, he who believes in Me, though he die, yet shall he live, and whoever lives and believes in Me shall never die. Do you believe this?” She said to Him, “Yes, Lord; I believe that You are the Christ, the Son of God, He who is coming into the world.” John 11: 20-27
Today we begin the journey of Great and Holy Week. Over the course of the next week we will hear dozens of scripture readings and hundreds of hymns. Through these we will relive and relearn the story of the Passion and Resurrection of Christ, and then use this experience as an occasion to reaffirm our faith and tighten our focus so that when Pascha has come, we are invigorated in our journey to holiness.
In today’s Gospel reading, we read the story of the raising of Lazarus. Lazarus was a friend of Christ. Mary and Martha were his sisters. When Jesus visited Mary and Martha in Luke 10: 38-42, Mary sits at the feet of Jesus, listening to Him speak while Martha is running around serving. Martha, stressed out by her domestic chores, complains to Jesus “Lord, do you not care that my sister has left me to serve alone? Tell her then to help me.” 10:40) Jesus answers her “Martha, Martha, you are anxious and troubled about many things; one thing is needful. Mary has chosen the good portion, which shall not be taken away from her.” (10: 41-42) This is a story where people tend to choose sides. Some disparage Mary for just sitting around and not working. And by extension, they disparage Christians for “just sitting around and praying.” Then there are those who disparage Martha for being a busy body and forgetting the needful thing. And by extension, many Christians are quick to complain about people who are “good” but never come to church. Common arguments among common people, from the time of Christ until now.
In today’s Gospel, we read about the death of Lazarus, and the grief of his two sisters. It seems that Jesus purposely delayed coming to visit them, even though He knew Lazarus was very sick. It was part of His plan to let Lazarus die, so that He could raise him from the dead, to show people His full divinity. When Martha heard that Jesus was coming, she ran to meet Him. This time, it was Mary who stayed behind. Her greeting is a common complaint—“Lord, if you had been here, my brother would not have died.” (John 11:21) In other words, “Why didn’t you do something to save Him?”
Jesus said to her “Your brother will rise again.” (11:23) Martha answered Jesus with faith, even though she was filled with grief and sorrow. She said “I know that he will rise again in the resurrection at the last day.” (11:24) Again, this is a common statement made by people who lose loved ones, whether they actually believe it or not.
Jesus answered her “I am the Resurrection and the life, he who believes in Me, though he die, yet shall he live, and whoever lives and believes in Me shall never die. Do you believe this?” (11:25-26) Now, this is the crux of the Christian message. That whoever believes and lives in Christ will never die, that they will live forever in Christ in the Kingdom of heaven.
I’ve lost a parent, so I’ve been in grief before. On the day my father passed away, no one came and preached to me, so I can’t say how I would have received a message about God’s Kingdom. Would I have been angry? Would I have been unable to listen to it? This is the common concern of a common person.
Martha’s answer shows a very mature faith. She said to Jesus “Yes, Lord; I believe that You are the Christ, the Son of God, He who is coming into the world.” Her answer says “I am still sad about the loss of my brother. I believe if You were here, the outcome would have been different. I don’t understand the delay in You coming. But if that was part of Your plan, I accept it. And YES, despite my pain and sorrow, I still BELIEVE.” And in front of Jewish leaders and other friends, she confessed Jesus to be the Christ, the Son of God.
I love this story of Mary and Martha, because while they were friends, and also loyal followers of Jesus, they still had fears, emotion and sadness. And yet they had faith. Indeed, they are common people, with common concerns, but they had an uncommon, mature faith.
The major lesson from today is that Christ was fully God (He raised Lazarus from the dead) and was fully man (He wept at the tomb of His friend). But just as important, we learn from Martha that we have to trust God, even when His plans don’t match ours, and even when it seems like they make no sense. Our confession of faith, that we believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, He who is coming into the world, this is, and should be, our guiding light in times of triumph and sorrow. For He is the Resurrection and the Life, and if we believe, when we die, we shall live, and whoever believes and lives in Christ, though He die, yet shall He live.
You took pity on the tears of Martha and Mary, and You ordered that the stone be rolled away from the tomb, O Christ our God. And then You called the dead man and resurrected him; and through him, O Giver of Life, you assured the world of its resurrection. Glory to Your dominion, O Savior; glory to Your authority; glory to You who established all things by Your word. (Kathisma, from the Matins of Saturday of Lazarus, Trans. by Fr. Seraphim Dedes)
Mary and Martha are certainly people we can relate to. And in today’s encounter, we see Christ as fully man and also fully God!
The Revised Standard Version of the Bible is copyrighted 1946, 1952, 1971, and 1973 by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A. and used by permission. From the Online Chapel of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America.
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🎶 😊 Days of the Week Spanish Song 😊 Cancion Dias de la Semana Miss Rosi MP3
A simple song in Spanish for kids to learn the days of the week. Lyrics and translation shown. Song by Miss Rosi. Una cancion de Miss Rosi para aprender los ...
Days of the Week in Spanish Song! MP3
This video is part of a series on los días de la semana (Days of the week) in Spanish. Señor Jordan tries to remember the days of the week and Lucas has to ...
Días de la Semana (days of the week in Spanish) Music Video MP3
Learn the days of the week in Spanish with this catchy tune and hand motions!
Espanol 'Days of the Week and Months in Spanish' Learn Spanish with BASHO & friends! MP3
Speak Spanish like a native!: http://tinyurl.com/k4bzpm4.
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Preschool circle time, Greg & Steve.
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A video giving a brief intro to the days of the week in Spanish and a catchy song to help you memorize them!
Top Reggaeton (Latin/Spanish) Songs | Week Of February 27, 2016 MP3
Top Reggaeton Music charts accourding to Billboard! Reggaeton blends musical influences of Jamaican dancehall and Trinidadian soca with those of Puerto ...
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A song I made for my students. I started with the first day of the school week.
Learn the days of the week: "La Semana" - Calico Spanish Songs for Kids MP3
http://CalicoSpanish.com This easy-to-learn song teaches students the names of the days of the week in Spanish. Clear visuals and vocals ensure ...
"Sábado" Days of the week song in Spanish MP3
Fun dance number to learn the days of the week in Spanish.
Days of the week song in Spanish MP3
Days of the week song in Spanish to the tune of and Pop Goes the Weasel and the Addams Family. Los días de la semana, una canción.
days of the week Spanish song Tipi_5_9 MP3
a song to teach people the days of the week in spanish.
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Los dias de la semana - The days of the week [ESPAÑOL] MP3
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Repaso de los días de la semana con un vídeo infantil realizado por Almudena Medina Selas. Más vídeos infantiles: http://www.youtube.com/user/Baseinfantil.
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Mr.Stephens singing the days of the week song:)
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So this is the Spanish dance for FLEX week at our school (foreign language experience) They danced to a Chocolate song, its a bit hard to hear. We apologize ...
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Pets have a host of benefits for their elderly owners. Becoming a pet parent can contribute to a healthier outlook on life, promote a feeling of safety, and improve health, including lowering stress and blood pressure, but caring for one can be overwhelming for some.
Studies have also shown that pets can extend a person’s life by up to seven years. Those who have pets report higher levels of satisfaction than those who do not have animal companions. Having a pet can also reduce stress of loneliness and inspire a person to get more exercise.
The many benefits of pets explain why pets are often used as therapy dogs or companion dogs. Pets that pass certain tests and receive certification are used on all sorts of settings. Pets may visit children’s hospitals or cancer wards to provide the patients with a moment of happiness and comfort. Certified therapy dogs also visit nursing homes, to bring joy and interaction to senior citizens.
The documented health benefits of time spent with a therapy dog are remarkable, and it is clear that even a brief period spent with a calm and loving dog can make a substantial impact.
Happy and healthy life with a pet
Because of the positive health effects, many senior citizens can benefit from the companionship of an animal. Those senior citizens living in their own homes, either alone or with spouses or children, can have a far greater equality of life if they have a companion. A dog can provide the impetus necessary to get a senior citizen out of the house and into the community. A dog can encourage senior citizen to exercise and stay active. A dog can help a senior citizen living alone feel less lonely or isolated. Finally, a dog can provide protection, especially for elderly women living alone.
However, a senior citizen must take into account the playfulness of a puppy, and the type of breed that they are interested in having. Puppies and very high energy breeds such as beagles require a great deal of walking and exercise in order to avoid boredom. If they are not kept active for a good portion of the day, it led to destructive behavior like digging or chewing on furniture or shoes.
Therefore, a senior citizen who is not very active will want to avoid breeds that require walks that exceed the boundaries of the human’s comfort level.
Older dogs, or rescue dogs, may be the ideal choice for senior citizens looking for a companion. Those older dogs are generally past the puppy state and are content to have a human to sit with them on the couch, pet them, scratch their bellies, and otherwise share a calm and comfortable life. The relationship between a rescue dog and senior citizen can have a very positive impact both for the dog and owner alike.
Senior citizens also want to be aware that they must make arrangement of accommodations for their pets, in case the owner becomes unable to care for the pet for whatever reason. Often, family members or close relative are willing to assist in the care of a dog or cat, should the senior citizen become unable to care for the pet themselves. This option should be discussed prior to the situation arising, as the responsibility for the dog or cat is clearly assigned should its owner become unable to care for it.
SEVEN TIPS TO HELP SENIOR CITIZEN LIVE COMFORTABLE WITH A PET
- Pets are a tremendous responsibility. If a senior is unsure about adoption, look into fostering an animal instead. A short-term commitment is a good trail run to see if pet ownership is the right decision.
- Before bringing an animal into someone’s environment, make sure it has been to the vet and received its shots. An unhealthy pet can carry germs and infection into a senior’s home.
- The love and comfort a pet provides is priceless, but they are still a financial commitment. Before a senior adopts, make sure they are in a position to pay for the food, toys, regular vet visits, and possible health issues and procedures.
- Pets are physical, as senior citizen considering adoptions should be healthy and energetic enough to handle an animal. If a senior suffers from mobility issues, then a dog is not the best choice, since they require daily walks and playtime. Consider adopting a cat instead; they can be indoor pets and require much less attention and maintenance.
- Seniors who have previously owned pets tend to be better equipped to adopt. If a senior does not have past experience with animals, suggest spending time with a friend’s pet. This will provide a better idea of whether pet ownership is a good fit and which animal would be the best choice.
- Pets are family members, so it’s important to work them into your will. Make sure seniors have a plan in place to ensure their pets will be well cared for if they should pass away.
- Look into organization that help match seniors with older animals. Adopting a puppy or kitten may be tempting, but they require much more work and physical care. Older animals are likely to be calm and well trained, and generally make better companions for elderly citizens.
(c) Judy Helm Wright, Pet Grief Coach
Want more information? Contact us today for a consultation and strategy call. The strategy call is free, but the coach is available in packages for every pocket book and pet lover.
PS: Thanks for loving pets. If you have a friend who is losing their beloved pet, have them give us a call. You will be glad you did.
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when they feel safe to communicate the absence of danger or share their location. This “chatter” from multiple bird species could therefore be a useful cue to other creatures that there is no imminent threat.
To test this hypothesis, the researchers observed the behavior of 54 wild Eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) in public parks and residential areas in Ohio in response to threat, which they simulated by playing back a recording of the call of a red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), a common predator of both squirrels and small birds. They followed the predator’s call with a playback of either multi-species songbird bird chatter or ambient sounds lacking bird calls and monitored the behavior of each squirrel for 3 minutes.
The researchers found that all squirrels showed an increase in predator vigilance behaviors, such as freezing, looking up, or fleeing, after they heard the hawk’s call. However, squirrels that were played bird chatter afterwards performed fewer vigilance behaviors and returned to normal levels of watchfulness more quickly than squirrels that did not hear bird calls after the hawk’s call. This suggests that the squirrels are able to tap into the casual chatter of many bird species as an indicator of safety, allowing them to quickly return to getting on with normal behaviors like foraging rather than remaining on high alert after a threat has passed.
The authors add: “We knew that squirrels eavesdropped on the alarm calls of some bird species, but we were excited to find that they also eavesdrop on non-alarm sounds that indicate the birds feel relatively safe. Perhaps in some circumstances, cues of safety could be as important as cues of danger.”
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More information: Lilly MV, Lucore EC, Tarvin KA. Eavesdropping grey squirrels infer safety from bird chatter. PLoS ONE (2019). doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221279
Image: Listening grey squirrel
Credit: Illustration based on the photograph (Emma C. Lucore ) by Marie V. Lilly (2019)
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German Airborne Divisions
Mediterranean Theatre 1942-45
By (author) Bruce Quarrie
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German Airborne Divisions by Bruce Quarrie
Book DescriptionFollowing the pyrrhic victory of Crete in May 1941, Hitler refused to countenance any further large-scale airborne operations, and the Fallschirmjager took up a new role as elite 'line' infantry. It was in this capacity that they served in the Mediterranean from 1942 to 1945. They reinforced their reputation as some of the toughest troops of World War II through their performance in such battles as EI Alamein and Monte Cassino. This title explains how Germany's airborne forces were developed following the battle for Crete and how their changing was reflected in different organisational structures, training and doctrine.
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Book DetailsISBN: 9781841768281
(248mm x 184mm x 7mm)
Imprint: Osprey Publishing
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing PLC
Publish Date: 11-Oct-2005
Country of Publication: United Kingdom
Books By Author Bruce Quarrie
Fallschirmjager, Paperback (October 2001)View all books by Bruce Quarrie
The German Fallschirmjager divisions were solely used in airborne assault role. This title looks at the life and experiences of the average Fallschirmjager, and includes first-hand accounts from different theatres and periods of the war, including Holland/Belgium, North Africa and Leningrad.
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Author Biography - Bruce Quarrie
Bruce Quarrie graduated with honours from Cambridge University in 1968 and started work as a journalist with the Financial Times. He wrote his first book, on wargaming, in 1974. Bruce's principal interest is in World War II, and his definitive 'Encyclopedia of the German Army' was even translated and published in German.
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A look into wealth-based detention, how Atlanta taxpayers pay for nonviolent jail detainments, and a closer look into activism dynamics
ATLANTA — It’s no secret that cash bonds unjustly punish the poor. Atlanta Mayor Keisha Lance Bottoms is well aware. In February 2018, just a month after Bottoms assumed office, she spearheaded an ordinance for bail reform that was voted in with a 13-0 majority despite reluctance from the City Council.
The ordinance was passed following the demands issued by the Southern Center for Human Rights (SCHR) and Civil Rights Corps in response to a 2017 incident in which 10 Atlanta men were denied asking for bail at the municipal court. The groups said these actions were unconstitutional, violated basic human rights, cost municipalities millions of dollars in excess costs, and furthered mass incarceration in the state.
According to the SCHR, in one case, because a homeless man could not afford a $200 bond, city taxpayers paid a total of $5,558.40 to incarcerate him. In 2016, at least 890 people were transferred from the city jail to county jail due to their inability to pay bail. These detainments cost taxpayers approximately $700,000.
SCHR and Civil Rights Corp won that battle for recognizance bail for petty crimes. The resulting ordinance allowed the Atlanta Detention Center to release without-bail individuals with pending nonviolent misdemeanor charges. This was met with some opposition from the city council, particularly councilmembers Joyce Sheperd, District 12, and Michael Julian Bond, Post 1.
“There are victims of these crimes, even if they (the offenses) aren’t violent,” said Bond. He also suggested the council “be careful in our zeal for civil liberties,” a sentiment he reiterated during his defense of the Atlanta Police Department in one of the council’s budget meetings last month.
During the ordinance discussions, callers shared similar concerns, worried that the ordinance allowed rapists and murderers to run free. The municipal court does not handle violent felony offenses.
SCHR’s aims to abolish what they call the “criminalization of poverty,” which is enforced by unreasonable fees, fines, privatized probation, and bail.
“Every day, nearly 750,000 people are detained in jails across the country because of an inability to purchase their freedom,” they say. “Unfortunately, our current bail system has two tiers: one for people with money and one for people without.”
What this means for protesters in the Black Lives Matter movement
An arrest comes with a mugshot. A jail booking comes with a record. And bail functions as a paper trail to keep tabs on protesters in the future. There have already been reports of Atlanta residents being arrested weeks after protests for alleged prior actions. If you’ve been charged, you run the risk of increased surveillance online and at future events.
Most protesters are arrested on charges of unlawful assembly or disorderly conduct, both misdemeanors, which are covered under the ordinance. In Georgia, both convictions can come with $1,000 in fines or a year in prison. Protesters often qualify for bail on personal recognizance or simply receive a citation at the scene.
Why, then, have so many protesters been denied these options?
When Atlanta resident DJ Thomas was arrested May 30 after a protest at the Governor’s Mansion, he went before a judge who ordered a $6,000 bail for his release.
“If you don’t have $6,000 in cash then you have to call a bail bondsman who will pay the bail for you and then you pay 10%,” Thomas said. “A system set up to favor the rich and punish poor people.”
Although bail funds are released after your day in court, you lose that 10% as a fee to the bonds company. In addition to the upfront costs, you’re on the hook for a 5% Peace Officer Annuity Benefit charge, 10% Police and Prosecutors Training Fund fee, 10% Indigent Defense Fund fee, and a 15% fee for General Cases, which goes right to the Atlanta City Detention Center — a center that Mayor Bottoms vowed to close in 2019. In the city’s initial budget proposal for fiscal year 2021, the detention center was slated to receive $18 million in funding. Changes to the budget regarding the jail have since been adopted.
About conditions at the city jail, Thomas said, “You will never get anything in jail on your own terms. It doesn’t matter how legitimate your request is.” He shared a story about his requests for water that were denied several times.
Protester Zeno Rivera agreed, explaining how he was misgendered during his arrest on June 13.
“I was being asked if I was sure if my gender was male. Another transman and I were subjected to a preliminary medical screening that no one else was offered to discuss our ‘condition,\’” he said. “Multiple cops on the interstate clocked me as Assigned Female At Birth (AFAB). They called female officers to pat me down, tried to put me on a van with other AFABs, and seemed shocked when I told them my gender is male. I got the sense that cops are not entirely clueless to transgender physiology, regardless of whether or not they ‘agree with it.’ It was admitted to me that following policy meant I had been identified as AFAB based on my appearance, and they were determined to treat me as a female.”
Thomas and Rivera are two of the more than 10,000 protesters who have been arrested across the U.S. since the country has seen Black Lives Matter demonstrations have taken hold in the wake of George Floyd. Atlanta saw a string of mass arrests, along with more instances of police brutality and assault during arrests, locking up peaceful demonstrators and pitting them into the very system they’re working to abolish and reform. Additionally, given all we know about cash bail in Atlanta, taxpayers paid for the detainment of these protesters while the jail received more funds.
Bottoms’ defense of mass arrests has often been centered on organizer-reported aberrations and the myth of the “outside agitator” in what we typically might see of an Atlanta protest as relayed on the news. But of the 298 arrested during the last weekend of May, only six had addresses outside of Georgia, according to the AJC.
The idea of “outside agitators” goes back to the Civil Rights Movement, in which “Northern communists” were seen as opportunists preying on supposedly easily fooled Black organizers in the South, enforcing the idea that Black, Southern communists could exist, let alone come together en masse, was absurd.
Those on the frontlines have been assailed by Chemical Weapon Convention-banned tear gas, misused rubber bullets, and pepper spray, while those who are home-bound watch police brutality on a loop on their screens via livestreams and social media posts.
“The image of [the police] with plastic shields and riot armor marching on us [as we] linked arms and held hands is something that will sit with me forever,” recalls Rivera. “‘Everybody go live! Go live! Show the world what they\’re doing to us!’”
It’s a time when we have to worry about our own security as much as that of our fellow protesters. However, according to various sources, some protest organizers have actually been cooperating with the police, sparking tensions and conflicts within the movement. Over the past month, protests have been fractured by infighting. Protesters who were deemed “provocateurs” have been handed to the police and arrested.
“I think it’s despicable,” said Thomas, in regards to some protest organizers cooperating with police. “Why would you seek more cooperation with the things you’re fighting to destroy?”
Organizations in Atlanta and across the nation have been called out for collaborating with the police, including sharing assembly plans and “directing folx into the hands of waiting officers,” Rivera says. “Some of these ‘organizers’ will hand over protesters to the police because the only safety they\’re interested in is their own. ‘See, I cooperate with cops. I help you guys. You protect me.’ It\’s absolutely futile. Cops will act based solely upon appearance and not the merit of character or whatever. When it comes to the actual protesting and being in the street safety has to be paramount… the only safety they\’re interested in is their own.”
This sort of behavior undermines the movement, adds Thomas.
“Everyone protesting agrees that systemic racism has to stop. Is that a message that deserves to be diluted?” he wonders. “When you have ideas and goals and then you try to edit them to make them palatable to everyone, you ultimately lose what you\’re originally fighting for. You can\’t be everything to everybody and if you\’re worried about not pissing people off, you really need to evaluate your message. I would love for every single person to be behind this, but that isn\’t realistic. When you tell someone they\’re privileged and you shove that in their face, some people won\’t like it and that\’s okay. It\’s much better to spend the energy organizing and communicating with the people who are actually showing up.”
It brings to mind Letter From a Birmingham Jail, in which Martin Luther King, Jr., critiques liberal backlash. What is peaceful protest behavior? Who decides? When the parameters of peace are decided by the oppressors, ideologies split and divide groups.
I probed Thomas on why organizers might behave in this way, considering the roles of privilege, pandering to white Democratic America to “legitimize” the movement, or flat out misunderstanding the mission. He acknowledged it could be any of these, but pointed out a suspicion “that for a lot of the organizers doing this, they still see law enforcement as ultimate authority and feel like they still have to play along with their bullshit.”
This, of course, erases the radical work of Angela Davis, Paul Robeson, Harry Haywood, and many other Black leaders who were associated with the Communist Party USA. Mayor Bottoms’ initial critique of the protests on May 29 was effectively a rehashing of this 60-year old narrative: essentialist drivel that denies the multiplicity of Black thought.
“Appealing to white Democrats, or even suburbia, is extremely dangerous,” he said. “There is no room for compromise on these issues. When you tell someone they\’re privileged and you shove that in their face, some people won\’t like it and that\’s okay. It\’s much better to spend the energy organizing and communicating with the people who are actually showing up.”
Thomas told me about the Hong Kong protesters’ tenet “Do Not Split,” and how groups make room for divisions to accomplish different actions at different times. We could see increased instances of de-arresting. We may see more corrupt organizers outed for the sake of public safety.
Rivera points out the importance of community accountability action, which is vital in a world without police. We can learn to take care of each other, even in a world where we think it’s someone else’s job. We can learn to be a community.
For Thomas, whose friends raised more than enough money to bail him out in May, part of that transformation is in paying it forward. Although Bottoms’ administration may be failing Atlanta and the bail system is fundamentally biased against vulnerable groups, he and others are looking for ways to unify. He and others are currently crafting a nonprofit to challenge “organizational and communication gaps in the protests,” focused ultimately on “doing this work that’s right here in front of us.”
Complete unity in a deconstructive movement is nigh impossible. After all, the goal of the current movement is to abolish the faulty structures that do not serve vulnerable communities. These communities are some of the most voiceless in our nation, and what we plan to replace them with remains to be seen. Still, we must do our best as active participants to make our own solutions, ones that do not involve law enforcement. Once we stop relying on state violence to solve our problems, we can draft community solutions on our own terms.
We are an independent women-led publication that provides free coverage to our readers. If you enjoy our work and want to join our mission, donate to help us support the artists and writers who contribute to our platform.
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DISCLAIMER! High voltage experiments are dangerous. I refuse to take ANY responsibility for any possible injuries, legal problems, property damage or deaths, anything you find here is provided WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY and you do everything AT YOUR VERY OWN RISK!
This is a very simple circuit usable as a high voltage transformer driver (for TV flybacks, etc...). It can also be used for induction heating or wireless power transfer. It was designed by Vladimiro Mazzilli and is well known under the name "ZVS driver" in the high voltage hobbyist community. The circuit diagram above has only a few small modifications (smaller MOSFETs - IRF540 - therefore operating voltage is limited to 12-24 V), otherwise it's nearly identical to the original circuit.
Essentialy, it is an efficient, high-powered resonant Royer oscillator. The primary coil of the high voltage transformer (usually 3+3 to 6+6 turns, both parts wound in the same direction, center tapped, wound on the exposed part of the transformer's ferrite core) is connected to connectors P1, P2, P3. This coil forms a resonant circuit with the two capacitors (C1 and C3 - they must be very high quality, because high currents (10s of amperes) flow through them! The capacitors and MOSFETs must have a voltage rating of at least 4*Vin. I usually use a capacitance rating of 220 nF to 1 µF) that are connected to the coil. Because of the resonant circuit, the voltage waveform across the primary coil is (approximately) a sine wave.
The choke (inductor) L1 supplies almost constant current to the resonant circuit and blocks AC. It must be rated to withstand the input current (often ≥10 A). The MOSFETs switch when the voltage across them gets close to zero. Diodes D1, D2 with resistors R1, R2 provide gate drive. When one MOSFET is turned on, it pulls the gate of the opposite MOSFET down. Therefore, it's impossible for both MOSFETs to be on at the same moment. The Zener diodes (D3, D4) prevent gate voltage from going too high (in case of high supply voltage).
The operating principle is very simple. Waveform photos are available below. Oscillation is kicked on by differences in the components (different gate threshold voltage...) and noise. After the oscillation is sustained:
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Charities: easy prey?
‘Not doing the basics to protect themselves’. That was the verdict on charities from the largest ever survey into fraud and cybercrime in the sector.
The findings are sobering. They cite charity fraud potentially running into billions of pounds each year, with the ‘strong ethos of trust’ leaving charities particularly vulnerable. And whilst 85% of charities think they are doing everything they can to prevent fraud, nearly half don’t have good practice protection in place.
Cybercrime is another growth area, and there are fears that the higher age profile of charity trustees can coincide with lower levels of cyber awareness. The survey recommends that charities clarify responsibility for managing the risk of cybercrime, ensuring that it’s a governance priority for every Board.
Insider fraud is a major concern. Of the charities experiencing fraud in the last two years, more than half knew who the criminal was. Fraudsters came from the ranks of paid staff (29%), volunteers (18%), beneficiaries (13%) and trustees (10%). But there are ‘red flags’ to look out for. These can be things like someone seeming unwilling to share duties, being reluctant to delegate or to take holiday – or perhaps seeming unusually close to suppliers.
Most frauds are small-scale and time-limited. They range from cash theft; cheque or banking fraud; to so-called ‘Mandate’ or ‘Chief Executive’ (CEO) fraud. This is the most common type of charity fraud, often carried out by hoax email. With CEO fraud, the fraudster impersonates an organisation that the charity deals with, or senior staff within the charity itself.
Appropriate financial controls and audit procedures are likely to detect many of these issues. The Charity Commission has a clear call to action, recommending that charities:
- acknowledge the risk of fraud and potential for serious reputational damage
- enhance fraud awareness for staff and volunteers
- agree and implement financial controls, ensure they operate properly, and review them regularly. Controls can be as simple as having at least two signatories to bank
- accounts and cheques; carrying out regular bank reconciliations; and making sure no one single person has oversight or control of financial arrangements
- put in place procedures to report fraud (whistleblowing)
- show commitment to best practice by adopting ‘Tackling Charity Fraud: Eight Guiding Principles’ bit.ly/2FwSnfA
- publish details of any fraud on the charity’s website, and also report it to relevant external agencies
- ensure pre-employment checks are carried out before recruiting staff and volunteers, especially those in financial or senior roles
- carry out due diligence checks on staff, volunteers, donors and beneficiaries.
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Where Can I Drop Off Recycling Near Battle Creek?
Despite a concerted effort to change climate crisis in the United States, it seems to be more difficult than ever to participate in recycling. When it comes to recycling in Battle Creek residents use words like "rare" and "scarce." If you're trying to reduce, reuse, and recycle in the Battle Creek area-- where do you drop it off?
The official City of Battle Creek website says there are several ways you can take advantage of the city's recycling program:
This is included in your city utility bill. Residents may ask for a recyclables receptacle and are asked to then place it on your curb before 6:00 a.m. on your regular trash pick up day. Recycling pick up is every other week.
In Calhoun County there are several recycling drop-off locations:
Open Tuesdays and Wednesdays, residents are asked to stay in their vehicle during drop-off. Simply place your recyclables, preferably in bags or boxes, and the staff will unload. Those with a large amount of donations should consider making multiple trips. It is important to note this facility requires your items to be sorted. Find the list of accepted items here.
Residents who did not reside within the city limits of Albion, Battle Creek, Springfield, and Tekonsha are able to bring their unsorted recyclables to this facility during the hours of 7:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m. Monday through Friday, and 7:00 a.m. to noon on Saturdays. This service is only available to residents of Calhoun County who must present a recycling pass card to verify residency. The pass is free to obtain to residents, non-residents are required to pay the $5 fee.
What are you supposed to do with unwanted or unused medications? The city provides a Red Med Box where you can dispose of old medications. Make sure you cross out your name and address, but leave the medication name visible! Items not accepted include used needles, bio-waste, personal care products, and thermometers.
Huge Battle Creek Property Includes a Mansion & Three Other Houses
Donut Created By 4th Grade Battle Creek Student Added To Sweetwater's Menu
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Who Decides American History?
Legislatures and school boards politicize what our kids are taught.
While I have already highlighted the recent podcast conversation between Ezra Klein and Ross Douthat in a previous post, I thought their discussion about the recent fight over race in school curricula was worth its own post.
After a longish discussion of how we got here, they both agree on a premise that I would have thought at least one of them would push back on:
EZRA KLEIN: Of course, it is not the only story to tell about America, but sometimes I wonder if we’re really having an argument over American history, or we’re having, really, an argument over whose telling of American history is going to be included, and that the actual thing happening here is a fight simply over who gets to decide the curriculum.
ROSS DOUTHAT: Right, but some of that is just an inevitable function of having a public school system in a democratic society. Then the public school system has to be, in some way, an extension of the will of the people.
And just as liberals have anxieties about our democracy being undone by electoral college shenanigans and Senate apportionment on the conservative side, that manifests in a fear that things that should be under the control of actual voters are instead under the control of education bureaucrats who sort of do do a version of what you’re saying, who have sort of an internal debate and decide here’s how we’re going to teach kids not to be racist. And then suddenly, it’s just there in curricula without anybody in the wider public that theoretically controls the public school system having that conversation.
So I don’t think you can get away from some extent to which this is a question that has to be settled through Democratic politics. We don’t have a national school system, so it’s not going to get settled in national elections. It’s going to get settled across local and state debates. All that’s sort of inevitable. I think the question is whether there’s a zone between saying it’s just a contest for power.
And we’re just deciding, as the language has it, whose narrative to center, or whether you can say — whether it’s Coates arguing about the true history of segregation or the 1619 Project talking about the deep history of slavery — is there a way to incorporate those stories into a narrative that still fulfills a fundamentally patriotic function? Which I think is a reasonable thing to want a public school system to do.
And I think the answer is yes, in part because I think part of what is reacted to against in some of these historical revisionist narratives is not the substance of the facts that they’re reporting, but the implications that are being drawn about the nature of the United States and our loyalty to it. And I think it is possible to tell a story about American life that does deep justice to the Black experience and does justice through a heroic, rather than deeply pessimistic, like Coates in some of his darker moments, story about America.
Because the Black American story is a heroic story filled with people triumphing after much suffering over injustice and helping to defeat slavery and segregation both. And I think it should be possible to fit that into a story where you’re also looking at the founding first in a positive light before you turn to its dark side, where you’re looking at Lincoln in a positive light, acknowledging his failings.
And I think the desire to read the sort of lost cause narrative of the Confederacy out of that story is a good one. And I think you should be able to say, we don’t need to lionize the Confederacy anymore. We can see the Confederacy as the betrayal and the insurrection. But we can make a distinction between how we think about Jefferson Davis and how we think about Thomas Jefferson. I don’t even like Thomas Jefferson.
EZRA KLEIN: [LAUGHS] So let’s step back on this. One thing that I wonder about as I try to hack my way through the thicket of this debate is how to figure out what is actually going on. Because you were talking a minute ago about you want public schools to be a reflection of the public will, which is, of course, true, right? If you’re going to have public schools, they have to be, on some level, a reflection of the public will.
It seems obvious to me that having partisan politicians, often with very little expertise, setting the parameters of what may be taught in history, social studies, science, and the like is highly problematic. But, fundamentally, Klein and Douthat are right: to the extent the public is paying for it, the public is going to demand a voice and, in a representative democracy, that voice is in the form of politicians. I don’t like it but, then, don’t tend to like it when “unelected bureaucrats” make that call, even though I am in some sense one of them.
But Klein is also right on the next point:
EZRA KLEIN: But which public?
And America has an extraordinarily fractured education system. And sometimes it’s just hard for me to tell what we are actually arguing about or how we would fix it, even if we were. So one of the things that I think drives everybody a little bit crazy in the debate is that it is filled with examples of just random school districts that are very far to each side, right? A school district in the South that is using very old textbooks that still have a real lost cause narrative in them. Maybe a school district in New York City that has gone way into anti-racism, but maybe hasn’t thought through that curricula in any very deep way.
But nevertheless, that’s not a thing that is happening everywhere. That is a thing that, if you are going to put schools under the control of different publics all across the country, hundreds and hundreds and hundreds of them, then you’re going to get stuff on the edges. And particularly in our highly nationalized, highly social media algorithmized environment, it’s going to keep everybody in a very high state of outrage, when my suspicion remains that if you checked out what’s happening in most public school districts, history class remains pretty staid and has probably moved a couple ticks over to the left, but there’s not really a huge danger that all across the country, Lincoln is about to start getting taught to second graders as a villain.
ROSS DOUTHAT: Yeah, I mean, I think that’s probably true. I think the question of what’s actually going on in education is a sort of permanently baffling one, right? The Times, we did a really helpful feature a few years ago where we actually compared textbooks in California and Texas passage by passage, side by side, where you had basically the same textbook with slightly right-wing edits in Texas and slightly left-wing edits in California.
And I think we need more of that. We need more journalism that tries to sort of assess actual curricula. But even that is limited to the extent that all of the curricula are filtered through teachers, administrators, interactions between students and parents, and the reality that the scale of student attention to some of these things should not be overestimated.
Alas, there’s very little incentive for that type of journalism and very much incentive, indeed, for the kind that sparks outrage. And the latter is cheap to produce—collect anecdotes from social media, add blaring headlines and some outraged quotes, and viola!—whereas the former takes a lot of time and effort and is unlikely to go viral, much less counteract the dozens of anecdote-driven pieces that came out during the research, writing, and editing process.
This is an important point that applies to this debate and much of the larger Culture War. Too much of it is driven by anecdotes representing extreme, unrepresentative cases.
After a bit of going into the weeds into a few legislative attempts to drive the curriculum, they close this particular discussion with a good question:
EZRA KLEIN: I guess something I’ve been wondering about with all this is, what does a settlement here look like? And does anybody have the power to broker it? Specifically because it’s not something that is going to get settled through national legislation and specifically also because you’re just going to have very different kinds of legislation passing in different places.
But I don’t think people are happy here with a federalist outcome. And the places that are passing these laws are not working out a compromise with each other. And so, this just strikes me as a situation where the natural fracturedness of it is just going to create kind of a constant, almost endless feeling that the country’s sense of itself is in some state of dissolution.
ROSS DOUTHAT: Well, which it is, right? That’s accurate.
EZRA KLEIN: Fair enough, yeah. Maybe we’re teaching the truth here then.
ROSS DOUTHAT: I mean, yeah, I think having arguments over history education is a healthier way of working out the divisions in a divided country than having state legislatures overturn elections or plotting color revolutions if you have an electoral college / popular vote split. I’m much more here for the history wars than I am for the electoral college wars. And I think there are possible compromises available.
But again, if you look at the original Texas law, right, saying we should have kids read Frederick Douglass and we shouldn’t teach them to divide into affinity groups by race and contemplate their toxic whiteness, it seems like a good compromise to me. Yes to Frederick Douglass, no to telling fifth graders about toxic whiteness. That’s obviously an incredibly crude oversimplification.
But sometimes in the context of curricula, it’s not, right? I think it’s good — to take an example from my own kids’ school, right? They did a project this year where they researched a couple of slaves who lived at a house in Connecticut that’s now sort of a historical museum that had never before acknowledged the slaves who worked there. And so they did a project. And there was a ceremony. And they learned about slavery through this local story and added something to Southern Connecticut history. That seems, generally speaking, like a good thing. The work of Robin DiAngelo, insofar as it has filtered into educational fora, seems like a bad thing.
Again, I’m being oversimplistic, but I think there is a zone. Like celebrating Juneteenth, which lots of Republicans just voted for, even if some conservatives have now turned against because it’s a liberal coded thing, celebrating Juneteenth in the context of a positive narrative about American progress, that seems like a good thing. Arguing that the founding was fundamentally in defense of slavery or something, that seems like historically incorrect and a bad thing to be teaching kids. So I’m here for working your way towards compromise and a sort of narrative of America that goes further in incorporating the Black experience, but retains a sense of positive connection to the American and human past. That’s what I’m here for.
Not surprisingly, I suppose, I’m largely with Douthat as to where we should end up on this. I’m almost certainly more sympathetic than Douthat to Critical Race Theory but am skeptical that much of it should be taught in primary and secondary schools. The broader point that legal and structural barriers (slavery, the 3/5 Compromise, Jim Crow, segregation, etc.) made Black progress exceedingly difficult was explicit even when I was in those grades back in the 1970s and early 1980s—and I went to public school in Texas and Alabama, with three years in military base schools in Missouri in Germany in between. But the more subtle and controversial issues are better left to college, when the students—and, frankly, the people teaching—are prepared to have those conversations.
And, the thing is, it’s pretty much where the local curriculum is here in Fairfax County, Virginia, where my two girls go to school (and which votes pretty reliably Democratic). There’s a bit too much emphasis on racial history for my tastes, for example bending over backward to devote curricular time to inconsequential figures to highlight The First Black This or The First Hispanic That. But I object mostly because it actually has the opposite of its effect, making it seem that more of them could have succeeded if they only had more grit or something. Or, my longstanding pet peeve, continuing to portray Rosa Parks as though she were just a tired old lady who finally just snapped rather than a longtime civil rights activist determined to be arrested to change the system.
Regardless, too much of this conversation is driven by fear rather than facts. Most of the public school curriculum in most places is pretty damn anodyne. It evolves pretty slowly and is in many ways constrained by the massive buys in Texas and California from going too far to the left or the right.
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OUR GOLDEN TEXT briefly and concisely sets forth our Lord's mission. To those who learn to read it aright it tells of a world of mankind, the entire race of Adam, lost in sin and its penalty, deathlost without hope of ability to recover itself, without hope that any member of the race could ever redeem it or give to God a ransom for his brother. (Psa. 49:7.) This text sets forth the remedy, the only remedy provided by the Son of man. "He who was rich for our sakes became poor, that we through his poverty might be rich"he left the heavenly condition and humbled himself to human nature that "he by the grace of God should taste death for every man." (2 Cor. 8:9; Heb. 2:9.) To appreciate the meaning of the word "lost" in this connection helps us to appreciate the meaning of the word "saved." As man was lost in sin, lost in death, so he is to be recovered from sin, recovered from death.
Salvation then, in God's arrangement, means recovery from sin and its penalty death, and from all its concomitants of sorrow and pain, imperfection and dying. How reasonable, how sensible, is this Scriptural proposition! How well it is backed up by the Apostle's statement that the [R3847 : page 278] salvation to be brought to mankind at the second coming of Jesus will be a recovery or restitution of all that was lost, during the "times of restitution of all things spoken by the mouth of all the holy prophets since the world began." (Acts 3:19-21.) While this salvation belongs specifically to the coming age, the Millennium, nevertheless to some the Lord is granting a beginning of salvation in the present timeto those whose eyes and ears of understanding and hearts of appreciation are open to the messages of divine grace, whispered at the present time under adverse conditions, but by and by to be so sounded abroad that every ear shall hear.
Jesus was en route for Jerusalem by way of Jericho. The Feast of Passover was approaching, and the roads leading to Jerusalem had many travellers, who usually went in companies or in groups. With our Lord and his apostles was a considerable number of friends, together with numerous Pharisees headed toward Jericho. By the wayside sat a blind man, Bartimeus, hoping to excite the sympathy of the passers-by, for he was a beggar. In those days there was no special provision for the blind, and there were many of them in those parts.
Although numerous groups had passed, something especially attracted the attention of Bartimeus to this group as an extraordinary one, and he inquired who or what so large a company might represent. He was told that Jesus of Nazareth was passing by, and that the commotion, the multitude, represented those who were in his company. Many evidently preceded Jesus, so that the blind man began to cry for mercy and help before the Lord got to him. Those in the forefront rebuked him and told him to stop his shouting, intimating that the great Teacher should not be interrupted by a wayside beggar. But the man had evidently heard of Jesus beforepossibly had heard of other blind men healed by him. In any event he was seized with a conviction that this prophet of Nazareth was able to grant him relief, that he was probably the true Messiah, the Son of God. Hence he shouted the more vociferously, "Thou Son of David [Messiah], have mercy on me!"
The procession stopped, and Jesus commanded that the man be brought to him. He did not shout for him to come, but commanded, "Let him be brought." Mark (10:46) tells us that those who brought the blind man said to him, "Be of good cheer, rise; he calleth thee," and also tells us that [R3848 : page 278] he immediately cast away his cloak or mantle in his haste to respond. When led to Jesus the latter asked him, "What wilt thou that I should do for thee?" He responded, "Lord, that I may receive my sight." The Lord answered, "Receive thy sight; thy faith hath saved thee."
There were many blind men throughout Palestine, yet only comparatively few received such a blessing. Why? Undoubtedly because few had the requisite faith. Note in the case of Bartimeus, the evidence of his faith as soon as he heard, the persistency which belongs to true faith; and note also the evidence that he was of sincere heart, as demonstrated by the fact that after he had received his sight he followed the Lord, glorifying God. He might on the contrary have said to himself, "Yes, I have heard a good deal about modern salves and about a prophet who could speak the word and restore the sight, but in my opinion all these are deceptions. In any case they are not for me. I suppose if I were rich and influential this Prophet of Nazareth would be pleased to heal me if he thought I would give him a good fee, or if some of my relatives were able to pay him well. No, I have given up all hope. Israel has been looking for a long time for the Messiah, anyway. It is not at all probable that he will come in my day, that he will pass by just where I am sitting, and that it would be any use for me to cry out for mercy to him." Had the blind man thus reasoned, without faith, undoubtedly the procession would have passed him by and he would have remained blind.
That physical blindness is a terrible affliction none will question. But how much more serious is the mental and spiritual blindness which prevails. The Scriptures tell us that the whole world, except the few who are true believers in the Lord Jesus, are all blind"The god of this world hath blinded the minds of them that believe not." (2 Cor. 4:4.) The blinded ones are cut off by false doctrines from ability to see the grandeur of the divine character and plan for human salvation. There are various degrees of this mental and spiritual blindness: some can see nothing, others can see a little, vaguely, dimly. Some can look at the sun, moon and stars and see nothing in them beyond what they call naturea federation of matter without intelligent direction. The Prophet has declared that "Day unto day uttereth speech, and night unto night showeth knowledge. There is no speech nor language where their voice is not heard," by some; but, alas, how many there are who hear not, see not, these things, who realize not the divine supervision of all of life's affairs.
Lacking of faith in a gracious, just and loving God of wisdom and power, these blind and deaf ones are unprepared for the messages of his love and grace as they are given to us in his Word. To some of them it seems foolishness to think of a personal Creator at all: to others it seems foolish to think that one so great as to be able to create the worlds would pay particular attention to the interests of the individual members of our race. They are blind and cannot see afar offthey can merely see the affairs of the present life, with its eating and drinking, planting and building, laughing and crying, living and dying. They know not if there is anything else or what it is. Others with a little opening of the eyes of understanding can realize that there is a personal God and that he takes a personal interest; and these in turn are blinded by the Adversary's misrepresentations of the divine Word, which give false impressions respecting the divine character and plan. These are blinded by the traditions of the elders from the "dark ages" respecting the divine purposethat it is merely to elect a few and to turn the great majority into a place of eternal torment. Alas for such blindness! How we long for the time promised by the Lord through the Prophet, when all shall know him, from the least to the greatestwhen all the blind eyes shall be opened and all the deaf ears shall be unstopped.
The incident before us in this lesson serves well to illustrate how some who at the present time belong to the blind class are brought to the Lord and graciously receive the opening of the eyes of their understanding. In the [R3848 : page 279] Lord's providence they hear that Jesus of Nazareth passes by; in the Lord's providence they have heard something respecting the great Teacher and the eternal life and the opening of blind eyes which he effects. They seize the opportunity, they lay hold upon the Lord by faith, they cry to him,"Have mercy upon me, thou Son of David." The thought is suggested to them that there are many more worthy than themselves to have the Master's attention, that they are too insignificant, too sinful for him to recognize. But faith holds on. They have heard of his mercy toward others and they cry unto him so much the more, until finally he bids them come, and "whosoever cometh unto him he will in no wise cast out."John 6:37.
All who now come unto the Lord by faith encounter some experiences of opposition which correspond in considerable degree to those of Bartimeus. Generally they are without encouragement until they realize their need and cry to the Lord. Even these now find assistance from those who delight to assist them, saying, "Be of good cheer, rise; he calleth thee."
Then comes the Master's question, "What wilt thou?" And well it is for those who, like Bartimeus, can say, "Lord, that I may receive my sight." Such do receive enlightenment from the Lord, an enlightenment by which they can see him who is the Way, the Truth and the Life, and through whom they may come to a knowledge of the Father, whom to know is life eternal.John 17:3.
But, alas, many today when asked this question, "What wilt thou?" request riches or honors of men or temporal blessings of some sort, appreciating not their great need of spiritual necessities. Even those of us who have enjoyed considerable blessing in the way of the opening of our eyes to see the divine character and plan need to remember how the Apostle prayed for the Church, "that the eyes of your understanding being enlightened, that ye may know what is the hope of his calling, and what the riches of the glory of his inheritance in the saints, and what is the exceeding greatness of his power to us-ward who believe, according to the working of his mighty power."Eph. 1:18,19.
When the multitude saw that the blind man had received his sight and had become a follower of Jesus and was giving glory to God they also joined in praiseall who beheld. So it is today with us. As one after another come to a knowledge of the divine character and plan, all who are in accord with the Lord are not only ready to assist them to the Lord, but ready also to join in praise on their behalf, rejoicing in their blessing. The great mass of the world, however, who see not, who appreciate not, this miracle of change from blindness to spiritual sight and understanding, cannot now join in praise and thanks to God. We are glad, however, that the time is coming when the knowledge of the glory of God shall fill the whole earth, when every knee shall bow and every tongue confess, when every creature in heaven and in earth shall be heard saying "Praise and honor and dominion and glory and power be unto him that sitteth on the throne and to the Lamb."Isa. 11:9; Phil. 2:11; Rev. 5:13.
Our lesson gives a second illustration of how the Son of man is able to save all that come unto him through faith. The Lord and his company had passed through Jericho on toward Jerusalem. The whole city evidently was stirred with the knowledge that the great Prophet of Nazareth was en route for Jerusalem. Zaccheus was apparently one of its prominent and wealthy citizens, a publican. The word "publican" today is in some places the name applied to bar-keepers, liquor-dealers, but in our Lord's time it indicated a collector of taxes for the Roman government. The Israelites demurred against being taxed by the Romans, claiming that they were the Kingdom of God, and that the Roman nation and all nations should rather pay taxes to them. The prejudice on the subject was so strong that the more reputable class of Jews would not accept the office. Besides this, the methods of collecting the taxes were frequently along the lines of extortion, as indeed is said to be still the method of collecting taxes in oriental lands.
Consequently to be a publican came to signify an irreligious, unpatriotic, unscrupulous character. The Pharisees disesteemed these as sinners, as no longer Jews nor heirs of the Covenant promises. The publicans recognized themselves as of the sinner caste, and sometimes in the Temple, if they went there to pray, heard the more religious give thanks to God that they were not publicansthat they had not lost all their manhood and religion and patriotism.
Zaccheus was one of the chief publicans, a prominent one amongst them, and rich. Yet apparently his heart was ill at ease. Although he had found his occupation a lucrative one he was not satisfied. Not that he would admit that his riches were all gained by dishonesty, but he realized that some of them were not honestly and honorably obtained. This would probably be true of the majority of rich people. As he heard of the Kingdom of God and the Prophet of Nazareth and his work of miracles, his heart was longing for relationship with Godhe wanted to at least see this Prophet. Short of stature, the crowd being large, he had poor opportunity, but he ran ahead of the procession [R3849 : page 279] and climbed into a sycamore tree, and, seated on one of its branches over the road, he got a good view of Jesus as he passed by him.
Similarly today to some come longing desires for righteousness, harmony with God and fellowship with the Lord Jesus, and the prospect of eternal life in the Kingdom. How much depends upon the way they entertain this thought! They can turn it aside and say, "It is no use for me to think of reconciliation with the Father and a life of harmony with him; it is no use for me to try to turn over a new leaf. My business is built upon a disreputable foundation; I have already acquired a reputation for dishonesty, which I could never shake off. The new life which this great Teacher Jesus proclaims is no doubt grand for those who can accept it, but I am not one of them." Had Zaccheus followed such suggestions and inclinations he would perhaps have gone in another direction instead of wishing to see more of the Lord.
It is a hopeful sign when we find any desiring to have clearer views of the Lord or his Word or his plan. We would exhort all such to go ahead and climb a sycamore tree and get a good view of matters; peradventure to them, as to Zaccheus, the Lord might speak some word of comfort and encouragement. Let such remember that, if honest [R3849 : page 280] hearted and earnest of purpose, some of their natural disadvantages may under the Lord's providence work out for them a blessing, even as Zaccheus found that his smallness of stature brought him more particularly to the Lord's attention than otherwise. But his zeal was necessary, as well as his manifestation of interest and faith.
We can imagine Zaccheus lying on a limb of a sycamore tree, looking down upon the Lord, studying the lines of his countenance, wondering whether or not this were the very Christ, and feeling despair in his own heart as he realized his own imperfection and impurity as contrasted with the Master's character, which shone forth in his countenance, speaking purity, gentleness, meekness, patience, love. How surprised he must have been when the Master stopped and looked directly into his eyes and, calling his name, said, "Zaccheus, come down, for I must dine today at thy house." We have here evidences of the Lord's knowledge of what is in man, that he reads the heart and makes no mistakes. Zaccheus was indeed glad to receive him and hasted to come down and to take him to his home. Doubtless there were others in that vicinity not only more highly esteemed amongst men but of still grander and nobler character than Zaccheus, but he had the longing heart, hungering and thirsting for righteousness. To him the blessing came; he should be filled.
What a wonderful opportunity it was to have the Master come to his home! What an honor, what an opportunity for hearing some precious words, instructions, guidance, encouragement! Not all the conversation of that dinner-table is recorded, but sufficient is told to teach the lesson. Whatever the Lord said to him, Zaccheus there made a full surrender of his heartthat henceforth he would not only forsake sin and evil customs and practices, but that so far as possible he would make restitution for wrong doing and injustice. This is of great importance in the Lord's sight. It is in vain that we attempt to make use of God's grace forgiving our sins while we would hold on to money or property obtained from our neighbors by some dishonest practices. Zaccheus gave evidence of a sound conversion when he declared, "If I have wrongly exacted aught from any man, I restore fourfold"not" I have restored fourfold," but "I will restore fourfold." The intimation here given is that Zaccheus was more than ordinarily upright as a publican, otherwise to have restored fourfold would of itself have ruined a large fortune. On the contrary, Zaccheus consecrated one-half of all his possessions to the poor, and out of what remained he would make good fourfold, four times as much, for all that he had taken unjustly from others, and still he hoped a reasonable competence would be left.
We believe that many today make a great mistake in that they do not more fully follow the course of Zaccheusin that they continue to hold on to something which really, rightfully, belongs to another; and secondly, that they do not consecrate more of their wealth of money or property or time or talents to the Lord. Zaccheus was a Jew, and under the requirements of the Law one-tenth of his yearly increase would be his obligation to religious matters. But he far exceeded this, giving not merely a half of his annual income, but a half of all the principal, of all the money and property and goods which he possessed. Some have inquired of us, What is the reasonable obligation of a Christian? We answer that our reasonable service should surely be more than the one-tenth of the Jews. To our understanding Zaccheus did not even go the full length of a complete sacrifice. The hymn expresses our sentiments:
However, Zaccheus publicly, practically, did this very thing, the difference being that we who live this side of Pentecost, and who consecrate all to the Lord, are in turn by him made stewards to use that all according to our enlightenment day by day in his service.
This question should be settled promptly by all who would grow in grace, in knowledge, in love and character-likeness of our LordHave I forsaken sin, and the ways of sin and dishonesty? Have I made ample restitution so far as possible for every injury done to fellow creatures? What have I sacrificed, half of my goods or all of my goods to the Lord and his cause? If as a Christian I have sacrificed all, how am I keeping that engagement, that covenant, that sacrifice? Am I remembering that time and talent and influence as well as money belong to him and are my reasonable service? Am I spending and being spent day by day or not? How will it stand with me when the Master reckons with his people? Will I have joy in rendering my account, or will I with sorrow be obliged to admit that as a steward I have been unfaithful, and have buried my talents in earthly aims and objects and ambitions and services, or will I be able to present to the Lord fruits of my labor and sacrifice, and hear him say, "Well done, good and faithful servant, enter thou into the joys of thy Lord"?
Let us remember the words of the Lord through the Prophet, "Gather together my saints unto me; those who have made a covenant with me by sacrifice" (Psa. 50:5), "They shall be mine, saith the Lord, in that day when I make up my jewels."Mal. 3:17.
Some of those of the multitude who had rejoiced with the blind beggar were greatly disappointed when they found Jesus affiliating with an acknowledged publican. The difficulty was that they had misconceptions and had not yet come to see that the Lord looketh upon the heart, and that in the Lord's sight this humble and grateful publican was nearer to the Kingdom than themselves. Jesus' words to them were, "This day is salvation come to this house." Zaccheus also is a son of Abraham. "The Son of man came to seek and to save that which was lost." Salvation came to his housenot in the complete sense, for that, as the Apostle says, is to be brought unto us at the revelation, the second coming of our Lord and Savior. But salvation came to him in the sense that his heart was turned from sin and selfishness toward God and righteousness. Zaccheus that day, under the Lord's favor and blessing and instruction, and his own cooperation in the same, in the turning over of a new leaf and becoming a follower of the teachings of Jesus, was saved in a reckoned sensein the sense that he no longer [R3849 : page 281] loved the ways of sin, but now loved the ways of righteousnessin the sense that he was no longer walking after the things of the flesh, but now was walking after the things of the Spirit, the things of God, the things of righteousness, the things of truth, the things most pleasing to the Master, in his footsteps.
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Skynet RC – Intelligent Process Automation (IPA) vs. Business Process Automation (BPA)
The year was 2008, the same year Bill Gates stepped down as the CEO of Microsoft. I found myself in a situation that was best described as a scene from The Wolf of Wall Street. I sat in a glass meeting room located on the 30th floor of Bank Street in Canary Wharf where I was being interviewed by a couple of “suits”. During the interview, I was questioned “so ... how good are you with WinRunner?” I responded with the default contractor answer of “well it depends, what you are trying to do?”. The next question shocked me, “do you see all the people on this floor?” I nodded, “well ... we are about to let them all go… and we need automation” someone then walked up onto a stage and announced that everyone on the trading floor had been let go.
As people started to leave, they continued to explain that they had bought millions of mortgages and loans from various organisations/providers and needed them to all be boarded/migrated onto their target platform (see above) so they could be serviced.
Six months later, my time at Lehman Brothers had taught me a valuable lesson on the importance of Business Process Automation (BPA) and the potential value of enterprise RPA to an organisation. This could be driven by Operational Efficiency, Speed to Market or even traditional ROI / cost saving:
- Operational Efficiency - What do you think the percentage is of Human error when you have 100+ mortgage agents boarding loans 24/7 and what is the impact of missing a zero or keying in the wrong number?
- Speed to Market - How long does it take from purchasing subprime to be able to underwrite/service the loan? (i.e. when they could start making money)
- ROI / cost saving - Reducing headcount by 100+ mortgage agents (or redeploy them to better use as SMEs) and replacement with robotic agents (WinRunner VMs).
One of the major challenges around replacing humans with robots is that they lack the context-sensitive validation that human SME has many years of experience in each industry, both vertical or domain. For example, what happens when one of the mortgage platforms categorizes the property as a studio apartment and the other system categories it as a one-bedroom flat?
This is where Intelligent Process Automation (IPA) comes in by factoring in the decision making based on a domain / context specific model of the solution (i.e. modelling derivatives and providing the associated data sets). This topic was explored at the RPA Tech Day in London on Wednesday 26th September (see above photo).
Additionally that week, I had finished recording a podcast with Joe Colantonio which explored this subject in much more detail around ‘Shift Right’ and learning how to model the behaviour of systems from production. In turn, this highlights a challenge with modelling. What happens when a journey is not discovered (an edge case) or a decision tree is not executed by the system? This is another challenge with process mining or node discovery (discovering every possible path through a system).
Forget adding additional Chaos Engineering approaches of ‘what if’ scenarios to handle systemic failure. But, are we saying that RPA is destined for failure (similar that of early digital transformation efforts) because the systems that humans have built are too complex or are we saying that the lessons that we have learned from the past can help us avoid making similar mistakes when it comes to Enterprise RPA adoption?
The RPA Tech Day at the Micro Focus office in London which was very similar to the workshop that I attended in South Africa last month. The messaging had again evolved taking another step toward differentiating Micro Focus within the RPA industry. The key differentiator being Business Process Automation (BPA) capabilities and augmenting intelligence through SME and the autonomy of the dissecting the process targeted for RPA.
I’d swap activities and interactions around as an activity can be made up of several interactions with potentially different systems (i.e. context switching). Another observation was the importance of Digital Experiences (DX) over User Experiences (UX) I.e. focusing on what the human does instead of the cause and effect modelling of what upstream and downstream activities are being triggered (check out my chapter in the Digital Quality Handbook for further detail).
Another challenge is how many possible flows through the above process, is it 5, 10, 25, 100, infinite? At the time of publication, the simple process flow above (taken from the Experiences in Test Automation by Dorothy Graham) I had estimated 25 flows, unfortunately, I was completely wrong. I remember running a workshop in California on code coverage techniques on LCSAJ (Linear Code Sequence & Jump) with only a single loop, to cover all paths with all data permutations results in the nearly infinite possible path.
I recall when I was based in Silicon Valley as the product owner for the market-leading model-based testing (MBT) tool, we used various techniques and graph theory to optimize the best coverage possible. It was only when dealing with companies like Apple & PayPal when we realised that modelling the data of the flows was as important, if not more important that all paths through the system.
Let us take PayPal as a simple example. My PayPal balance is £100 and I’m in Dubai and I want to pay for my Uber which is 450 Dirham which is fine based on the current financial exchange (FX) rate of 0.22 but it is the end of the month and suddenly Brexit happens and the FX rate suddenly changes at the end of the day and I’m left with a negative balance (which is not possible on my account). This is known as an edge case that may have not happened before in production or have been negatively tested. So, who is to blame? The customer, they had enough money at the time when the transaction occurred but after the FX spike, they didn’t? PayPal, who should be able to make real-time payments and not overnight batch things up? Uber, for sending a debt collection letter as they were not able to collect the fee to pay the third party driver?
You may be asking what has this got to do with Robotic Process Automation (RPA)? The short answer is everything. Replacing a human with a machine may catch 85% of the Business Process Automation (BPA) flows, but who is left to pick up the other 15% which fails? Augmenting Intelligence with skills SMEs and providing RPA as a Service (RPAaaS) seems like the only logical way of successfully navigating the challenges of Business Process Automation (BPA) to establish Intelligent Process Automation (IPA).
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On Monday, a cloudless 85 degree afternoon, a crowd estimated at 100,000 assembled on Capitol Hill to rally in support of Israel. Speakers came from across the political spectrum: former New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani, House Minority Leader Dick Gephardt, AFL-CIO President John Sweeney, and House Majority Leader Dick Armey, among others. The most popular speech came from hawkish former Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, whose denunciations of Yasir Arafat and calls for a forceful military response to suicide bombings drew deafening applause from the crowd. Chants of "Bibi, Bibi" could be heard, and for a moment one wondered if this was in fact his first stop on the campaign trail in an effort to push Israel even further to the right than current Prime Minister Ariel Sharon. The equally hawkish U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz was not nearly as popular, however. Wolfowitz's pronouncement that "innocent Palestinians are suffering and dying as well. It is critical that we recognize and acknowledge that fact..." was met with a chorus of boos from the crowd.
That a hawk like Wolfowitz is booed for making a statement of fact is an indication of just how far to the right American Jewish public opinion has moved. Indeed, few peaceniks could be found among the throngs of Israeli flag-wearing frat boys and black-hatted Brooklynites. Though many at the rally claimed to "support peace," their cheers for Netanyahu's drum-beating call to arms appeared self-contradictory.
Similar opposing tendencies are evident in Israel as well. In a Ma'ariv newspaper poll, 75 percent of Israelis claimed to back Operation Defensive Shield, the military euphemism for Sharon's invasion of the West Bank. Among those backing the offensive, 30 percent do not expect it to reduce suicide bombings and 17 percent believe suicide attacks will increase. At the same time, 52 percent of those polled claimed to support the Saudi Peace Plan calling for full withdrawal from all occupied territory in exchange for peace with the Arab world. Fifty-four percent still support the idea of a Palestinian state, and 57 percent support a unilateral pullout from most of the occupied territories and the dismantling of some settlements. Writing in Ma'ariv, Hemi Shalev called the simultaneous support for the offensive and the peace plan "a paradox" and "almost inconceivable."
Among American Jews at the pro-Israel rally, the notion of land for peace, or that Palestinians might deserve a state of their own, was rarely found. More common were signs proclaiming "Jordan is Palestine" and "Arafat=Bin Laden." Others simply urged Sharon to "Finish the job." When Sweeney and National Urban League President Hugh Price mentioned their support for U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell's mission, the need for a lasting peace, and respect for Palestinians' national aspirations, there was no applause.
But in some ways the real action was taking place far from center stage on the Capitol steps. At the corner of 3rd and Constitution NW, eight Palestinians were staging a counter-demonstration. Most of them were girls between the ages of 10 and 18. They marched in circles on a little patch of overgrown grass surrounded by police cordons and a phalanx of officers. On the other side of the yellow police tape stood a crowd of 20 to 30 Jewish men wearing "I stand with Israel for Peace" stickers, yelling at and taunting the Palestinian demonstrators. "They're a bunch of terrorists," one man said to me, pointing to the young girls. "Get a job. You're too stupid to work," another yelled at them. Adopting the tone of a soldier, a third yelled, "Come over here, do what I say, you're a terrorist." A group of official State Department guests looked on with disapproval.
As the shouting match heated up, perplexed police officers on horseback positioned themselves firmly between the two groups. A more moderate Jewish man observing the spectacle remarked, "This is almost symbolic of the land. They were given that little piece of land," pointing to the ugly patch of dirt and weeds covering an area of 10 sidewalk squares. "This is a buffer zone, it's necessary," he continued, gesturing toward the police officers keeping the groups apart.
Observing this successfully defused conflict in microcosm, one cannot help but think of proposals for U.S. or NATO peacekeepers on the West Bank. But as Powell wraps up his peace mission, it remains unclear whether these neutral forces, so desperately needed to tame both Sharon and Arafat, will ever find their way into the rubble-strewn streets of Ramallah, Bethlehem, and Jenin.
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Health, education, high performance, the economy and sustainable development through sport
Sport today is a truly social phenomenon involving numerous actors, not only from the not-for-profit sector but also from the private and public sectors. This is a complex environment for sports managers to deal with. When public administrations develop and manage their sports policies, they must notably consider the existing autonomy that sports organisations enjoy. Switzerland's Federal Council has identified those administrations' objectives as health and quality of life, overall education, elite sports and emerging talents, the economy and sustainable development. The course's different modules will inform and help not-for-profit and private sector managers interacting with public administrations and federal, cantonal and communal civil servants to better understand their environment and attain their objectives.
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HCLSIG BioRDF Subgroup/Tasks/OMIM Neural diseases
Task: Create RDF to describe entries in the NCBI database Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM)
- Find and use controlled vocabulary for disease/condition that will enable later linking of different content.
- Generate RDF annotation suitable for linking disease, gene, and papers about the disease, and for gathering into the BioRDF demo.
Participants: Davide Zaccagnini, Chris Mungall?
Use case context: Link to and from information about inherited neurological diseases.
Problem statement for this use case:
In order to bridge the gap from bench to bedside, we need explicitly represented resources that cross the boundary from disease to genetics. OMIM is one such resource, giving information about the disease itself, relating it to known information about genes or loci playing a role in the disease. By linking back to papers in pubmed, a researcher can quickly navigate to the primary source for the information. Major entities that might be made available in RDF from OMIM are gene, chromosome and position within, disease symptoms as freetext, names of populations with different prevalance, and pubmed identifiers.
- Informal proposal of what the content of the RDF will be. Which fields are structured/unstructured. Minimal: Disease name, Gene, chromosome, locus, references to papers.
- Choice of controlled vocabulary/ontology for disease, if feasible.
- Version of RDF suitable for linking gene, chromosome, papers, diseases. To limit the scope we could choose to translate the 1000 or so records retrieved on a search for "neuro".
- List of opportunities for extraction of further information by text mining.
- Any artifacts generated in the process, scripts, spreadsheets etc.
- Lessons learned
- OMIM, a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders.
- Example OMIM Entry in XML, html
- Description of OMIM fields
- Mesh Terms for Mental disorders
- Mesh terms for Central nervous system diseases
- Mesh terms for Central Nervous system anatomy
- OBO Disease ontology
- OBO ontologies in a variety of different formats, including RDF
- Towards a formalization of disease-specific ontologies for neuroinformatics
Task supports and dependencies:
Tools and Services:
Timeline for Task Completion
- Stage 1
- Stage 2
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Description For the choirmaster: a Psalm Of DavidThe heavens declare the glory of God, the vault of heaven proclaims his handiwork,day discourses of it to day, night to night hands on the knowledge.No utterance at all, no speech, not a sound to be heard, but from the entire earth the design stands out, this message reaches the whole world. High above, He pitched a tent for the sun, who comes forth from his pavilion like a bridegroom, delights like a champion in the course to be run.Rising on the one horizon he runs his circuit to the other, and nothing can escape his heat.The Law of Yahweh is perfect, refreshment to the soul; the decree of Yahweh is trustworthy, wisdom for the simple.The precepts of Yahweh are honest, joy for the heart; the commandment of Yahweh is pure, light for the eyes.The fear of Yahweh is pure, lasting for ever; the judgements of Yahweh are true, upright, every one, more desirable than gold, even than the finest gold; His words are sweeter than honey, that drips from the comb.Thus your servant is formed by them; observing them brings great reward.But who can detect his own failings? Wash away my hidden faults.And from pride preserve your servant, never let it be my master. So shall I be above reproach, free from grave sin.May the words of my mouth always find favour, and the whispering of my heart, in your presence, Yahweh, my rock, my redeemer.Psalm 19 - New Jerusalem Bible(close-ups of artwork at artist/author's website)
Douglas Christian Larsen, Lost in the Rockies Member Since November 2007 Artist Statement Douglas Christian Larsen is Free Spirit, Free Thinker, Writer and Author, Artist and Graphic Designer, but far most importantly Papa Wolf. Art et Amour Toujours (Love and Art Always).
"Life has meaning only in the struggle. Triumph or defeat is in the hands of God. So let us celebrate the struggle!" — Swahili Warrior Song
“Then let us all do what is right, strive with all our might toward the unattainable, develop as fully as we can the gifts God has given us, and never stop learning.” — Ludwig van Beethoven
“Renaissance. This is the time, today, to renew, to live, to grow and learn. Do not wait for Renaissance to come, to reveal itself. Create Renaissance. Build on it, moment by moment, each breath, adding effort to expertise to renewal, awakening, coming alive, quickening. Renaissance is struggle to light from darkness, and can be either positive or extremely negative; to some part is choice, and emotions and attitudes may be changed, instantaneously. Work with all might, at Renaissance. Strive boldly, and hope.”
— Douglas Christian Larsen
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Much as you may have been satisfied with the way iCloud synced your data in the past, if you’d hoped for comprehensive file syncing between your Mac, iOS devices, and the cloud, you were likely frustrated. Prior to OS X 10.10 Yosemite, iCloud’s file storage was sandboxed, meaning that you could only access files created with a specific application by that application. You could, for example, launch Pages and access the Pages files you stored in the cloud, but you couldn’t use that same app to open TextEdit files stored in iCloud.
Enter iCloud Drive. Taking its cue from Dropbox, which is a simple file repository accessible from any app, Apple has changed the way iCloud manages files.
Using iCloud Drive on a Mac
In the past, with iCloud-compatible apps, you could choose to save your files locally or to iCloud. With Yosemite that option is available to all apps. And it’s not difficult to access it. Open a Finder window and you’ll see an iCloud Drive entry. (If you don’t see it, choose Finder > Preferences, click Sidebar, and check iCloud Drive.) Click on this icon and you’ll spy a group of folders that represent the apps associated with the files within. (You won’t find data synced with the Contacts, Calendar, and Notes apps as these are strictly application files.)
To use a file on a Mac, open the folder that holds it and double-click on it (see the screenshot above where there are folders for Numbers, Pages, and TextEdit) or launch an app, use the Open command, and navigate to it on your iCloud Drive.
In cases where apps have been updated with iCloud Drive in mind the app’s name will appear under the iCloud heading in Open and Save dialog boxes. (If you’re using an app that hasn’t been updated for iCloud Drive its files will be stored, by default, at the top level of iCloud Drive, though you can create your own folders for them.)
For example, in the image below you can see the Open dialog when you launch Numbers. At the top of the sidebar is the iCloud heading with the Numbers entry below. This is a shortcut to the Numbers folder stored in iCloud Drive.
You can now also access files you created with other apps (and other apps can access files you’ve created with iCloud-compatible apps). Let’s say you’re writing a report in Pages and you use a compatible text file that you created in TextEdit—a file saved in Microsoft Word .docx format, for example. You can launch Pages, choose iCloud Drive in the Finder sidebar, select a compatible document in the TextEdit folder, and open it.
Moving and sharing iCloud Drive files
iCloud Drive lets you move files between your Mac and the cloud. There are two ways to do this. The first is to simply move a file in the Finder. When you do this, the Finder displays a dialog, warning you that when you move it to your Mac it will be deleted from your iCloud Drive.
The other way to move a file is from within an app itself. If you have a file open and you want to move it between your Mac and iCloud Drive, choose File > Move To, and then select a location. The file will be moved but you won’t be warned about it being deleted from your iCloud Drive.
In the Finder you can also copy a file from iCloud Drive and paste it into any other folder. Just select the file, press Command-C, navigate to a folder, and press Command-V. If you do this, though, remember that you now have two copies of the same file.
And you can send an iCloud Drive file to others in a variety of ways. Within the Finder, open your iCloud Drive, select a file, and then click on the toolbar’s Share menu. You’ll find options for sharing via Mail, Messages, AirDrop, and More. Select More and System Preferences launches and the Extensions preference appears, where you can select additional sharing options (not all of them may be compatible with sharing particular file types, however).
iCloud Drive on the web
iCloud Drive is also available from your browser. Sign into icloud.com and click iCloud Drive. From within the resulting window you can manage all your files and folders—download and upload files, create new folders, and move files into new folders or to the root level of your iCloud Drive. Any changes you make on the web or on your Mac are propagated to all your devices, but it may take a minute to see them.
Using the web versions of the iWork apps—Pages, Numbers, and Keynote—you’ll be able to work with compatible documents stored on iCloud Drive. For example, launch the web version of Pages and the Pages documents you’ve stored on iCloud Drive will be available to you. Select one and get to work.
Using iCloud with iOS 8
There is no iCloud Drive iOS app so you don’t have Finder-like access to the files in your iCloud Drive. Instead, you access them through an Open command within individual apps. Let’s use Pages as an example.
On your Mac you’ve saved a .txt file into iCloud Drive’s TextEdit folder. On your iPad, launch Pages, click the Plus (+) button in the top-left corner, and choose iCloud. An iCloud window appears that displays the contents of your iCloud Drive. Tap on the TextEdit folder and then tap a compatible file (Pages won’t open RTF files). A copy of that file will open in Pages.
iOS apps written to take advantage of iCloud Drive can additionally export their files to an iCloud Drive folder. We’ll use Pages again.
Within Pages open a document, tap the Share icon, and tap Send a Copy. In the Send a Copy window that appears choose an output format (Pages, PDF, Word, or ePub). The file will be converted and a Choose How to Send window will appear. Tap on Send To and the iCloud window appears. Tap a folder where you’d like to store the document and, at the bottom of the resulting window, tap Export to this location. The file will be copied to that folder on your iCloud Drive.
Better but still limited
iCloud Drive is less flexible than other cloud storage services, such as Dropbox, Box.com, Google Drive, OneDrive, and MediaFire. Outside of the options available in the Sharing menu you can’t share and sync your iCloud Drive documents with others, for example, thus making document collaboration tricky. With these third-party storage services you can send a link to anyone so they can download a file. With iCloud Drive you can share files this way only with documents created with iWork apps. iCloud Drive has other limitations as well. You’ll need OS X Yosemite and iOS 8 and you can’t save files larger than 15GB, for example.
Also, large amounts of additional storage is more expensive than from competing services. While you get 5GB of storage for free (which you share across all your iCloud-associated devices), 1TB of storage costs $20 a month. Dropbox offers 1TB for only $10 a month. However, you can purchase additional iCloud storage in smaller increments than Dropbox allows. For example, you can get 20GB of additional storage for $.99 a month and 200GB for $3.99 a year.
For now, iCloud Drive is a useful way to access some of your files on different devices including Macs, Windows PCs, and iOS devices. As time goes on it will become more helpful as additional third-party apps are updated to take advantage of it.
This story, "How to use iCloud Drive" was originally published by Macworld.
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As a college student at the University of Michigan, some of my best memories were in the Big House. (The “Big House” is the nickname of Michigan Stadium.) Saturdays in the fall in Ann Arbor are an experience like none other. There is an electric energy around the city, and deep-rooted traditions abound. As a college freshman, I received a single ticket in the end zone about 50 rows up. I sat with a group of fans who had become family with one another, as they’d had the same seats for nearly three decades. This was “their house.” The stadium, while regularly the largest live crowd watching a college football game on a given Sunday, felt homey and familiar. It certainly is the “Big House” as it united each of us as Wolverines for those four quarters of play, unless you were rooting for the other team, in which case . . . boo!
With an attendance capacity of more than 100,000, it’s easy to see why it was nicknamed the “Big House,” but it always led me to wonder if this “house” was also a home. At what point does a house become a home? Is it enough to be a gathering place? Does one need to feel a connection to it? Is there some uniting cause that represents the house? While I certainly never slept in the Big House, I do still count it as one of the many homes in my life.
In this week’s Torah portion, we are first asked to consider what makes a house. This week we read Parshat Lech Lecha. In Parshat Lech Lecha, we are finally introduced to Avram and Sarai – later Avraham and Sarah – who become the great patriarch and matriarch of the rest of our narrative. We learn that Avraham follows God with full intent, without questioning, and that Sarah goes with him. God tells him to leave his home, leave the only house he’s ever known, and go to a place he knows nothing about. He’s following God’s voice and taking a leap of faith.
As this parshah begins, we read the verse “Go, take yourself, from your land, from the place of your birth, from your father’s house to the land that I will show you.” I’m struck by the notion of the specifics in saying “from your father’s house.” Of course in the ancient world, people were identified as coming from this family or that family. And since families generally lived together, it would make sense to specify “from your father’s house.” But why from the “house” instead of simply “from your father” or “from your father and mother”? Later, we see the word bayt (house) used to talk about places of study, like “the house of Hillel” and the “house of Shammai.” What does it mean to use “house” as your identifier?
In recent years there’s been a shift in how we identify ourselves and others. For example, we’re normalizing the use of identifying pronouns like she/her or they/them on name tags and Zoom IDs. However, Hebrew is a gendered language, and as such, it makes it much harder to move into a non-binary identity system. One prominent example comes from when we use our full Hebrew names. The traditional formula is your name, then son or daughter of your parents’ names. We use this on Jewish legal documents for weddings, and we use it when we’re called to the Torah for an aliyah. But, what happens when something other than that binary distinction is preferred?
One way we’ve addressed this is by starting to use mi-bayt, which means “from the house of,” in place of “son of” or “daughter of.” What makes this an appropriate fix? For one, it goes back to the Torah; we are all from the house of Abraham and Sarah in one way or another. Also, your “house” is the one of your choosing. It can be the house or family you grew up in, or the house you’ve made with your own family. It can even signify a global house (a “big house,” if you will). Mi-bayt olam means “from the house of the world,” and that certainly applies to all of us.
What you consider a home or house may look different from everyone else’s. This week’s Torah portion reminds us that we all come from somewhere, whether your “somewhere” is a specific block in a suburb or the whole planet, but even more important is the somewhere you make for yourself.
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Entrepreneur extraordinaire Elon Musk tweeted earlier today that he "Pulled all nighter working on Hyperloop (as did others). Hopefully not too many mistakes. Will publish link at 1:30 PDT)."
So far, what we know about the Hyperloop concept is that it would be capable of whisking passengers between downtown Los Angeles and downtown San Francisco in under 30 minutes. That's 380 miles at Mach 0.9. And it would accomplish that by being a "cross between a Concorde, a rail gun, and air hockey table," as Musk told a D11 conference last May.
Also, besides being much less expensive than California's planned high-speed-rail project, the Hyperloop would be immune to weather, would never crash, and could be made "self-powering if you put solar panels on it ... would run 24/7 without using batteries," as Musk said at a PandoDaily event last year (approximately 45 minutes into the video).
Last month, Musk tweeted: "Will publish Hyperloop alpha design by Aug 12. Critical feedback for improvements would be much appreciated."
Interest in the Hyperloop had been on the back burner until that tweet, but after he mentioned an actual date for the release of preliminary plans, people started watching, and asking.
During Tesla Motors' second-quarter earnings call last Wednesday, Musk fielded a question asking if Tesla shareholders would benefit from the Hyperloop.
Musk came across a little sheepish in his answer: "I don't know ... I think I kind of shot myself by ever mentioning Hyperloop, because obviously I have to focus on core Tesla business and SpaceX business and that's more than enough ..."
But, he continued, "I did commit to publishing a design and provide quite a detailed design ... and then ... see if the people can find ways to improve it ... kind of like a open source design ... I don't have any plan to execute, because I must remain focused on SpaceX and Tesla."
Everyone else has a couple more hours to wait for Musk's next salvo on Hyperloop.
Fool contributor Dan Radovsky has no position in any stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool recommends Tesla Motors . The Motley Fool owns shares of Tesla Motors . Try any of our Foolish newsletter services free for 30 days. We Fools may not all hold the same opinions, but we all believe that considering a diverse range of insights makes us better investors. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
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Our songs today are horticultural in nature.
Carol #8, "Lo, How a Rose E’er Blooming," was written in the late 16th century, and translated into English in 1894. It’s in the green Lutheran hymnal, if anyone still uses those (I love the green book). Here are the lyrics, once in the original German and three times in English (one literal translation and two poetic ones suitable for singing).
The reference to the rose comes from Isaiah 35:
The wilderness and the solitary place shall be glad for them; and the desert shall rejoice, and blossom as the rose. It shall blossom abundantly, and rejoice even with joy and singing: the glory of Lebanon shall be given unto it, the excellency of Carmel and Sharon; they shall see the glory of the LORD, and the excellency of our God.
Carol #9, The Holly and the Ivy, sounds pretty frankly pagan rather than Christian in its chorus, and at one time it probably was a pagan song. However, the version most people sing now has been Christianized, and it’s about the birth of Jesus.
It has a lovely tune. You can find some lyrics and alternate lyrics here. The first place I remember hearing this song was on the stage of the Guthrie during "A Christmas Carol." I believe Scrooge’s little sister Fan was singing it, in a crystal clear, lovely voice.
I found two versions of it I liked.
The other 12 Carols are here.
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By The Associated Press
JACKSON, Miss. (AP) — The Mississippi Health Department is reporting two human cases of West Nile virus, the first confirmed cases in the state for 2012.
The cases are in Lauderdale and Hancock counties. Mississippi had 52 cases and five deaths from West Nile virus last year.
The Health Department also has found mosquitoes that tested positive for West Nile in Forrest, Pike and Lincoln counties.
Health officials say that indicates the virus is circulating in Mississippi.
Residents are encouraged take precautions to reduce the risk by removing sources of standing water where mosquitoes breed and to wear long pants and sleeves in mosquito-prone areas during peak times from dusk until dawn. Mosquito repellent is also recommended.
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Note: This article is a sidebar to this issue's feature story, Unarmed but dangerous critics close in on hunting.
While nonprofit groups like Ducks Unlimited or People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals have sharply defined positions on hunting, most environmental groups - composed of both avid hunters and anti-hunters - waffle somewhere in the middle.
Hunting is an issue most environmental groups choose to ignore, even though many groups, such as the Wilderness Society, were started by "hook and bullet" users to protect diminishing habitat. Others, such as the Audubon Society and the Sierra Club, trace their roots to founders sympathetic to animal rights.
Staffers from most groups, when asked if they had an official position on hunting, seemed perplexed: "Uh, I'll have to call you back on that." But once cajoled into taking a position, most repeated the same refrain: "It doesn't matter whether you like to hike, bike or hunt on the land, we're all in this for the sake of habitat conservation."
To the horror of many animal rights advocates, most environmentalists say the individual suffering of animals is secondary to the health of the species.
Wayne Pacelle of the Humane Society of the United States concedes that most groups have other priorities, but he doesn't see habitat protection and animal rights as inconsistent goals. "Obviously, they're not in the business of cats or dogs or farm or lab animals. It's a misplaced concern to criticize them on that front, but the humane treatment of wildlife must be a consideration."
An article in E magazine's October issue echoes that criticism: "The concern (for wildlife) is that much more real when the individual face of an animal is attached to it. Environmentalism's distant "ecosystem" approach sometimes lacks visceral appeal." The article also points out that while animal advocates generally call themselves environmentalists, "environmentalists tend to see the animal movement as hysterical, shrill and 'one note.' "
Despite philosophical rifts, politics can make for strange bedfellows. Animal rights activists sometimes find themselves aligned with those they consider heartless killers. A few years ago in Hawaii, members of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals successfully stopped the Nature Conservancy from using wire snares to kill feral pigs that were destroying rare native plants. PETA nicknamed the Conservancy the "Torture Conservancy" and joined forces with local hunters who wanted to hunt and eat the pigs. Now, dogs chase down the pigs and a hunter stabs the animal in the throat.
It's not the most humane solution, says David Cantor of PETA, but the suffering lasts minutes, rather than days or even weeks as with wire snares.
Although staffers at most environmental groups say they have more in common with hunting organizations than with animal-rights groups, several environmental groups joined the Fund for Animals to lobby for the creation of a national park - and not a preserve - in California's Mojave Desert. Because hunting is outlawed in most national parks, the National Rifle Association lobbied on behalf of bighorn sheep and mule deer hunters who wanted a preserve.
"The NRA took it on as a symbolic fight," says Melanie Griffin of the Sierra Club. "They said: 'You can't keep our guns out.' " At Mojave, the guns won.
But in another case, sporting groups joined environmentalists to oppose New Mexico Republican Sen. Pete Domenici's grazing bill. Both groups were angered that the bill placed grazing above all other public land uses. And consensus isn't only with the sporting groups; Pacelle of the Humane Society adds that his group often works with environmental groups on ballot initiatives banning "cruel" hunting.
In fact, alliances between environmentalists and groups on both sides of the hunting questions are getting stronger in the face of an environmentally hostile Congress, says the Sierra Club's Griffin. "It wasn't clear why we needed each other before," she says. "But when Congress started attacking our basic environmental protections, we overlooked smaller differences."
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There is no doubt that Nebraska’s muskie fisheries have garnered more attention from anglers in recent years. They should, we have some excellent opportunities to catch this greatest North American sport fish trophy.
In addition, northern pike continue to be a popular target among many Nebraska anglers. Pike also are top-of-the-food-chain, apex predators that can be large fish and a prized catch.
I hope anglers fishing any Nebraska waters where the big toothy predators are present will treat those fish as the prized, special fish they are. Harvest restrictions on Nebraska pike and muskies make it a sure bet that most, if not all, of those fish caught are going to be released. The size, sharp teeth, and sharp gill rakers of these fish make them especially challenging to handle and release. From what I have seen, a lot of Nebraska anglers could do a lot better. If you are going to have to release fish, or even if you simply choose to release them, you better do it in the best possible way.
So, want some ideas on how to step up your catch & release game?
Do not tell me “no, I am going to keep the fish I catch”. Remember, regulations are going to require you to release fish, and that means most, if not all of the muskies and pike you might catch. So, yes, you need to be at the top of the catch & release game. You need to be at the top of that game even if you are not targeting pike and muskies, even if you just might catch one by “accident”.
Yep, I am suggesting that everyone take the full fourteen plus minutes to watch this whole video. I promise, you will learn something. The fish will thank you:
Let me emphasize a few points:
First, get a net! Years ago, all we had was knotted nylon mesh landing nets. Those old landing nets were rough on fish. Not anymore. There are all kinds of nets on the market specially designed for catch & release. Buy one, use it, all the time, every species of fish. Putting fish in the net and leaving the net in the water is simply the BEST way to handle them. Do it.
Yes, fish are slimy. They are covered with a mucus slime coat and that coat is critical in protecting the fish from infection and injury. Do NOT flop the fish on the bottom of the boat, on the rocks, in the sand. If they look like they have been coated in “Shake and Bake”, they have been mis-handled and their chances for survival have been reduced.
Get some gloves and use them, especially for large fish, especially for large toothy fish. You can smart off about the lack of manliness of those of us who use gloves to handle fish. Go ahead, makes no difference to me. It does make a difference to the fish. When you are “man” enough to have handled that many fish, you will realize how necessary the gloves are.
In addition to that, the video mentions the release tools you MUST have. I will go even farther and tell you that whenever I am on the water, those tools are on my person! Not a second is wasted looking for any of them. I have them, and they get used, all the time.
Oh, you do not need no stinkin’ boat to handle fish correctly. Every angler can do things right, even if they are stuck on the bank. However, I will say this, wearing waders or getting wet, getting in the water, makes it a lot easier. There are many times when the main reason I am wearing waders is in case I catch a fish, I can get in the water to handle it.
Horizontal holds!!!!! Yes, big pike and muskies are especially challenging to handle. The video showed you how to do it. Just make sure you keep them horizontal as much as possible. They ain’t made to be held vertically. And again, that applies to EVERY fish, not just the big toothies.
Get the tools, have a plan, practice. You can get to the point where every fish can be handled, photos taken, and released in a matter of seconds. You can maximize the chances that every released fish will survive.
Why is this so important? Why are some anglers so passionate about it? If you do not do it the best you can, the fish are more likely to die. If you do not handle them the best way possible, the resource will be impacted. A poorly-handled fish is more likely to perish, and that means you will not catch that fish again. I will not have a chance to catch that fish. And yes, that makes a big difference to me. It does to you too.
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The colors in my printed photo are wrong or missing. What should I do?
The problem could be due to a software setting or the condition of PictureMate. Check the following:
- The print head may need cleaning; see Checking and Cleaning the Print Head for instructions.
- The photo cartridge may be old or ink may be low; see Replace Print Pack.
- If you're printing from your computer, check your settings; See Printing From a Windows Computer or Printing From a Macintosh.
- Make sure the Color Effect setting is not set to Black & White or Sepia.
- Turn on the Fix Photo or P.I.M. setting; see Adjusting Photo Settings for instructions.
- If you copy files from Adobe Photoshop to a memory card, save them as RGB images using the standard save option (non-progressive). Files saved in the CMYK format may not print with the colors you expect.
- Colors may change slightly after your print dries. Wait for 24 hours and check your photo again.
- Make sure your software is set for color printing.
Published: Dec 21, 2009 Was this helpful? Thank you for the feedback!
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Magazine Article Highlights Lehigh Valley’s Workforce, Diversity
By Colin McEvoy on July 18, 2022
The Lehigh Valley and its workforce are getting younger, more diverse, and more vibrant.
That was among the messages the Lehigh Valley Economic Development Corporation (LVEDC) is sharing in an article it has penned for the newest issue of Network Magazine, a high-end business publication connecting leaders and business-to-business opportunities in the Lehigh Valley.
The article discusses the Lehigh Valley’s growing population, particularly among those between ages 18 and 34. It also highlights the region’s growing diversity, noting that every minority group in the Lehigh Valley grew by double digit percentages the last decade, accompanied by a decrease of about 10% in white population.
The growth is primarily because of people moving here. The region added about 25,000 people from international migration the last decade, with Lehigh County being ranked by the U.S. Department of Commerce’s SelectUSA program as in the top one percent of all U.S. counties for international migration.
“The Lehigh Valley was among the top five regions in the Northeast for net population growth due to in-migration from other metro regions between 2015 and 2019,” the story states. “… It is the population growth, particularly of young workers, that is driving the region’s economic growth, which continued during the pandemic.”
The story also highlights the importance of the Lehigh Valley’s premier role as a manufacturer, producer, and distributor of goods during the pandemic, and how economic growth has translated to higher wages and growing income in the Lehigh Valley. The region’s median household income is nearly $67,000, compared to $62,000 in Pennsylvania and $63,000 in the U.S.
The story will run in the Summer edition of Network Magazine, being released this month. Visit here to view digital versions of the magazine.
Network Magazine’s goal is to provide readers with the latest topics from some of the area’s leaders in accounting, banking & finance, insurance, legal, medical, political, real estate, international, leadership, entrepreneurship, and technology, while providing a way to connect these industries with each other.
A brief excerpt of the article can be found below. The full article can be read here in Network Magazine or on their website.
In May, a group of 150 students from career and technical schools across the greater Lehigh Valley gathered for District 11 Signing Day, an annual event hosted by the SkillsUSA Council.
Wearing red suits and ties, they were each called to a table before a full crowd at DeSales University and signed papers to signify the next steps in their careers or life paths. The event, stylized after similar signing days for student athletes, celebrated these students as they prepare to enter the workforce, military, or post-secondary institutes related to their trades.
It was an appropriate moment, because in many ways, the Lehigh Valley as a region and its workforce are getting younger. The Lehigh Valley is more vibrant, more diverse, growing in population and economic output. It’s home to new business, new arts, and culture, growing downtowns, and increasing family income.
Since 2010, Lehigh Valley’s population rose by more than six percent to about 690,000 people making it one of Pennsylvania’s fastest growing regions and in the top 25 percent of growing regions in the U.S.
More importantly, the population between the ages 18 to 34 years old grew by 10.7 percent during that time – making the Lehigh Valley the fastest growing region in the state for young people, who now are the largest generation in our workforce.
This is evident in the development of new, modern apartment buildings, particularly in the downtowns of Easton, Allentown, and the south side of Bethlehem, which are being leased as quickly as they are being built.
Lehigh Valley Teen Entrepreneur Challenge Has Largest Reach in Program History
The Teen Entrepreneur Challenge, hosted annually by the Lehigh Valley Launchbox and Penn State Lehigh Valley, returned this summer and enjoyed the largest reach in the history[...]Continue to Next Page
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Navigate to the Classification Essay â The Writing Process discussion board and publish your concluding paragraph. Make certain to follow the directions for the discussion and that you give a minimum of two of your fellow classmates feedback on their concluding paragraphs. Write a sentence define using the Classification Outline attachment in this task folder.
An annotated bibliography definition is, for all intents and functions, equivalent to a regular bibliography; however, there’s one key difference. The creator, writer and web page info is concluded with a brief description of the actual content material or high quality of the source used. A Works Cited includes solely the fabric that was cited in the textual content. Type a left-aligned, double-spaced title block in the high left corner of the first page that lists your name, your teacher’s name, your course title and quantity and the date.
An essay is defined as a short piece of writing that expresses info as well as the writer’s opinion. While it could seem like no big deal, studying the basics of MLA type can save you a ton of time and frustration when writing papers in school. The more you see and use these guidelines, the more theyâll turn out to be ingrained in your mind. All of your citations must be listed in alphabetical order in accordance with the authors’ last names.
Remember that you should always seek the guidance of your paper’s prompt to see if your teacher requires any deviations from traditional MLA formatting. Since she’s the one providing you with the grade, it is essential to observe her directions above any others in phrases of your paper. Check out extra examples of citing online sources from the MLA Style Cetner. YaShekia King, of Indianapolis, began writing professionally in 2003.
And on the fourth double-spaced line under that case study writing service online ought to be the date. In the primary row of the higher left-hand nook of the primary page is where you would place your name. The key ideas of MLA formatting are additionally available in this nifty and easy to use infograph from Purdue OWL.
Each supply cited in-text should even be listed on your Works Cited web page. To http://asu.edu see how to formatAPA in-text citationsorChicago Style citations, see these guides. As with any project, proofreading before you submit can make sure you discover any errors you might need missed.
Multiple editors are formatted the same way as authors. Instead, it lists a set of broad criteria that applies to any and all publication types. You will not want every âcore elementâ in every quotation you could have, however they offer you a roadmap to creating citations with ease. The MLA Handbook recommends including URLs for the reference of on-line supplies, though it does record a couple of potential disadvantages in doing so. It leaves the final call as a lot as the teacher, who may or could not require URLs to be listed. In this quotation, To Kill a Mockingbird is the âtitle of source.â If the work you are citing has a subtitle, embody the subtitle in the entry.
Also, as a substitute of writing the authorâs name twice in both citations, use three hyphens. Place a double area between the title and the start of the essay. There ought to be a double space between each piece of data within the heading. Use an simply readable font, specifically one that enables readers to see the difference between regular and italicized letters. Your analysis paper or essay should have a one-inch margin on the highest, bottom, left, and proper sides of the paper. It is important to include the name of the publisher , so that readers can locate the exact source themselves.
We have skilled writers who deliver exceptional work at an inexpensive price. In this post, weâll talk about MLA style and formatting, whether or not itâs applicable in your project, and most importantly, the method to write a e-book title in MLA fashion. When it involves formatting your paper or essay for educational functions, there are particular MLA paper format pointers to follow. Publication dates are extremely important to include in citations.
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In my life, when I’ve been groped or harrassed or shocked by an assault to safety of my body or my sovereignty, I’ve had fantasies, much later, about the powerful retort I could have made. But in real life, I’ve been frozen in shock. And friends who have shared similar incidents, responded the same way. We were shocked into silence.
I am trying to imagine a stranger walking into my workplace and launching into a tirade of abuse. Directed at me.
I read the book Non Violent Communication. I’ve heard it can be life-changing and conflict-transforming – this simple method of communicating with people. I wonder if I could somehow super-wordsmith someone into a place of enlightenment, if I could say something, or wave a wand, and they would instantly understand that they are speaking out of their own unmetabolised pain, and causing other innocent people pain. “This is a safe place and you can’t bring your pain onto these people here. Why don’t we go and address your pain instead?” And boom, everyone would be healed! Perhaps this is the secret superpower I long for.
But I am not the Dalai Lama. I haven’t achieved that degree of mastery.
Were I standing at my workplace, and then assaulted verbally, out of nowhere, I would be shocked, I would be shaken, I would be stunned into silence. Just as I was when reading the Squamish Lil’wat Cultural Centre’s release about the hate speech incident, that took place in their beautiful space, on October 11.
The SLCC chose to share this experience of targeted racism as a reminder that this country is not immune to racial injustice.
“On October 11, 2020, an individual entered the Squamish Lil’wat Cultural Centre (SLCC) and verbally attacked Cultural Ambassadors and Indigenous members of the SLCC team.
The individual spoke hateful, racist comments in what we consider our home: a safe space where the cultures of the Squamish and Lil’wat People are discovered, practiced, and shared. This person acted in a way that they perceived as truthful, reflecting a greater underlying issue about racism in Canada
This is not the first instance of belligerence to occur at the SLCC, and although the people sharing hate speech in our building can be described, named, and remain traumatically etched in the memories of our frontline staff, we know this is part of a deeper problem in Canada. It is generations of teachings and miseducation behind the perpetrators that is causing such bold aggression.
By sharing this experience today, SLCC’s Cultural Ambassadors hope to start a conversation in your house, encouraging everyone to talk about what society, schools, and colonialism has taught them about our people.”
Indigenous people have been conditioned not to speak up when they’re oppressed or face traumatic experiences. But the SLCC hopes to encourage conversation around ongoing racism.
Executive Director Heather Paul said, “To me, the Indigenous staff working here are so much more than the word ‘staff.’ They are Cultural Ambassadors possessing the endangered knowledge and language of their people. They are here for a sacred purpose: to reclaim and share the traditions and histories of their ancestors. Whether working in the Cafe, Giftshop, Museum or at events, Cultural Ambassadors travel up to 4 hours a day to be at the SLCC. Ou team choose to risk exposing themselves to further trauma from incidents such as these. They do this for the greater good of our mission: to share meaningful experiences, educating all, and lifting our distinct Skwxwu7mesh and Lil’wat7ul ways.”
“We welcome all people and all cultures,” Mixalhítsa7 Alison Pascal, curator at the centre, said in the release. “The Squamish and Lil’wat Nations have coexisted respectfully as neighbours since time immemorial. We are distinctively different, yet we have thrived on the bounty of the ocean, the rivers, and the land—living in close relationship with the world around us. Our cultures are grounded in rich, ancient traditions, and continue to grow and evolve in a modern world. It is this co-existence that we celebrate and this co-existence that we hope for from everyone arriving through our doors.”
The SLCC declares itself “a safe place” with “no room for hate or discrimination. We continue to welcome those who want to hear our stories, ask questions, and learn about our people, – while exercising kindness, curiosity and understanding.”
I think what I appreciated most about this response is that they didn’t “cancel” the perpetrator. Our overculture is kind of hooked on that kind of methodology – someone says something wrong, we label them, and then we “cancel” them. (It makes sense. Our need for justice has been building for a long time.) But we are all bigger than our labels… or we could be.
Boundaries need to be drawn. Harrassment is not acceptable. But shaming and naming those people just drives the behaviour underground. I’m so curious about how we navigate this in our world today… because I think the behaviour, as the SLCC so generously pointed out, comes from a place of righteousness, and also, of feeling right. The perpetrator believed they are right and accurate. They don’t need to be cancelled. They need to be loved and educated. I don’t know if I’m a big enough person to do that. I aspire to be. Restorative justice was a concept I learned about in law school. While the entire mainstream system was built around a more conventional punitive justice, quiet voices constantly pushed to the sidelines, particularly those with indigenous knowledge, would raise this idea, that what was far more effective at brokering healing and reconciliation and achieving actual justice than the justice system, was restorative justice. Not punitive justive. My sense of it, is that it’s about enfolding a perpetrator into a circle and inviting them to be emotionally accountable and physically accountable for their actions, and to provide them a chance to come into a place of their own wholeness and balance.
It would be easy to simply to respond to this incident with indignant outrage. “That is bullshit.” And it is. I mean, it’s so unacceptable. My entire body knows this. We don’t really need to say that out loud, do we? But we do. Clearly, kindly and firmly. That is not okay. This is not how we treat each other. You don’t get to download your pain and confusion and turn it into abuse on people who have less power than you in society. It’s not okay. It’s very tempting to simply call the perpetrator a racist and cast them out. But I struggle in this moment because I think, that perpetrator probably sounds a lot like my dad, or my cousin, or half the kids I went to school with. This is the really awkward truth about racism, as it is unfolding in the world right now. It’s not being perpetrated by “them”. It’s being perpetrated by “us.” Constantly. In violent terrifying ways. And in small insidious ways. So, instead of exiling someone for their out-dated opinions, we need to somehow bring them into a circle of belonging and ask them to talk about their pain, and coax them towards a greater understanding of what they have been maligning. Or we need to reflect on our own pain, and outdated opinions, and consider, in what way might my words have shocked someone into silence? In what way might I have contributed to someone feeling smaller, instead of feeling whole?
How do we do this? I have no idea. But wow, in sharing this incident with such careful thoughtful language, the SLCC is off to a powerful start.
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The most popular teams in Canadian curling include the following national curling teams: the men's, women's, men and women's senior, men and women's junior, mixed and mixed double. Other popular curling teams are associated with individual territories or universities throughout Canada.Continue Reading
Curling.ca is the official website for Curling Canada, the home organization for all professional-level curling teams that play on the local, national and international level. These teams compete and practice to earn the right to participate in the Olympic winter games. Curling Canada also represents the wheelchair curling teams and hosts their tournaments. The website provides curling-related information, including tournament schedules for current teams.
Territory-based teams include Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Quebec, Saskatchewan and other outlying provinces. These teams are associated with curling clubs specific to the region from which they originate, including Glencoe Club, Vernon and Kelowna CC, Bally Haly CC, Soo Curlers Association, Mayflower Curling Club and many more.
Popular university curling teams include Guleph JD, Guleph, Waterloo, Brock and Laurier, each associated with their respective universities. University teams compete with international teams from Sweden, Denmark, Norway, the United States, Finland and Japan, among many others. Oftentimes, talented university curling players go on to compete at the professional level.Learn more about Sports & Active Lifestyle
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CELEBRATING GANESHOTSAV RESPONSIBLY: HOW THESE CITIZENS CLEANED UP THE ACT
Another year of revelry has gone by, as our favourite festival - Ganesh Chaturthi has come to an end.
The elephant –headed deity is worshipped for about 10 days: a humungous idol made of plaster of paris is taken to the homes of the devotees, and continuous prayers and processions mark the festival.
A sign-off to the festival is farewell celebration for the Ganesh idol, where the idol is taken to the sea and immersed with a routine cheer slogan: "Ganpati bappa morya, purcha varshi laukar ya" (Ganpati Lord, the great, come back soon next year).
Over one lakh such Ganpati idols dot every part of the city, even more so for different parts of India; some as big as 2 feet tall, many others as huge as 15 feet tall.
Lakhs of such Ganpati idols are immersed in the sea, which wash up on the shore. The idol often contains toxic and non-soluble material - broken idols float out of the sea and hordes of rubbish, plastic and debris are seen floating on the beaches, once the festival is over.
Sprouts Environmental Trust’s beach-clean up drive finishes its 11th year
For the last ten years, Sprouts Envt Trust in Mumbai has been organising beach-clean up drives. They invite schools, corporates and the general public to join them in their mission of cleaning up the beaches post the religious processions.
Unhappy with the manner in which we celebrate the festival, a miffed Anand Pendharkar, founder of Sprouts, remarks, "For spreading noise and water pollution, the festivities are protected by authorities. But to clean up the lakes and beaches, we need permission."
Pendharkar says that it's high time we learnt how to celebrate festivals responsibly and sensibly. "All the plastic, metal, glass, plaster of paris and decorative material like thermacol and colours used are hazardous. The chemical in the colours are poisonous and kill the fish in the ocean.
We invite many people to join us so that they can see the remains of the sacred worship and see how our coastlines look after the processions."
Indeed, the filth and garbage piled up on the coasts are not going to please the Gods.
Citizens pressure the civic authorities
In Mumbai, after enormous pressure by the Juhu residents association a few years ago, the (Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation) BMC routinely clean up the entire beach after the festival is over, within one day.
Eco-friendly Ganpati Festival
Anand says, "We have started promoting eco-friendly idols, made of clay, natural colours. We are promoting bio-degradable idols and materials. There are lakhs of Ganpati idols that are immersed in the ocean every year. BMC and other environmental organisations like WWF, Rotary clubs, Sprouts Trust etc. get together with school and college kids, and organize beach-clean up drives.
Of late, civic authorities and the BMC have also started building artificial ponds in different parts of the city, where devotees do not need to go to the beach front, but can make a trip to the artificial lake/pond in their neighbourhood to immerse the idol. The lakes are later thoroughly cleaned up by the BMC."
Why these ordinary citizens clean up our coastline
On September 9, 2014, a day after the Ganpati festival ended, about a 100 volunteers gathered at Girgaum, Chowpatty beach in Mumbai to clean up the beach. Jaago Re spoke to a few of them and asked them what makes them come for the clean-up drive year after year.
Vinayak Kamble, 27, research student at Indian Institute of Science
My mother asked me why I join the beach clean-up drive. "It's the BMC's job," she says.
I tell her it's important because it's not a one-man job. Even if a 100 people come together to clean up the beach, it cannot be cleaned, such is the extent to which the beach gets polluted.
The authorities need helping hands. If all the devotees gathered on the beach pick up one stray of garbage each, our coastlines would be clean.
Sachin Marti, 26 years old, working with Tata Institute of Social Sciences on a project at Vasai lake
People come here with a lot of devotion and enthusiasm to immerse the Ganpati idol and to bid farewell to the Ganesh lord. Why don't we clean up our beaches with the same enthusiasm and devotion?
Ruchira Mahashabde, 20 years, pharmacy student
When we start cleaning up the beach, most just stare at us and wonder what we are doing. Some continue to litter the beach despite the fact that they can see us cleaning up. Very few join us in cleaning up.
What's funny is that people come to the beaches to be spectators at the Great Visarjan Festival. The Ganesh idols, and all the decorative glitz get washed up at the shore in masses. People even stand on the remains of the idols to enjoy the festivities.
Sudesh Pansare, 53, corporate trainer and outdoor expert
People always say, "Someone has to clean up this mess." Well, I say someone has to take the first step.
For leisure or entertainment people happily commit and prioritise – but for this dirty job, people find excuses.
I have been coming for clean-up drive the last four years. I hate to see piles of garbage lying around, on our streets, in the cities, on our beaches.
Omkar Pai, 21, student, trustee of Sprouts Environmental Trust
People throw garbage and litter so casually. When we ask them to join us to clean up the dirt, they get cynical and question us; they make remarks and denounce it as "social service". It isn't.
People must understand that we have to take ownership of our environment. They are not doing a favour for anyone. It is their responsibility to keep the environment clean.
Anand Pendharkar, Founder, Sprouts Envt. Trust
People see us in knee-deep water lifting the broken ganesha idols out of the ocean. We shout out for help. Yet people are very hesitant to join in.
Will the Gods be pleased?
The images of Ganesh idols lying broken and disheveled on the beaches were too graphic to publish here. Our nature of festivities have often been under question: do we indulge in severe noise, water pollution at the time of many Indian festivals?
Is there a sense of hypocrisy and double standards in our nature of festivities? Is there a need for reform?
Will the Gods be happy to see the destruction of our natural water bodies and coastlines that make up our cities, and our country?
If you think we need to change our habits, to make way for festivities that are more environmentally sound and people-friendly, please leave your comments below.
You can also visit Sprouts Envt Trust here
If you have seen severe issues of health and sanitation in your city, please push the pin here.
Transgenders have been a part of our society, our folklores, and our religious beliefs for a long time, but our perceptions of them have always been veiled behind one aspect - Gender. We have limited them in our imaginations and in popular culture as people who demand money on streets or in...
Child sexual abuse is any act that involves using a child for the sexual gratification of a more powerful person. Some forms of child sexual abuse consist of engaging with a child in sexual activities, exposure of body parts to a child or using a child to produce pornography. Abuse can occu...
The Rajasthan government has implemented minimum wages and standard working hours for domestic help, starting 1st January 2016. This is a major step in fighting the widespread exploitation of domestic workers not only in Rajasthan, but in India as a whole. Let’s get a better understan...
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In a landmark move to curb black money, corruption and counterfeit currency, Prime Minister Narendra Modi made ...
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India contributes the largest percentage of maternal (16%) and child (27%) mortality worldwide. Women and child...
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Yeah, that’s right: everything I know I learned from 90s television. It’s true. Television in the 90s was a crazy place. For the first time ever, whole channels were being devoted to kids and teens. Cartoons, live action, sports, game shows, sitcoms; all coming together for childhood development. It was a time of individuality. A celebration of culture. In the 90s you were encouraged to be who you are, to dress how you want to dress, and to go for your dreams. The beginning of this article is beginning to sound like the Portlandia sketch: “Dream of the 90s”. A lot of my life, the advice I give and the rules I live by, is shaped by what I watched from the 90s. So without further ado, let’s talk about relationships, or rather: Rules to Consider When Considering a Relationship.
Don’t Cheat. Ever.
It seems like every show had this at one point. Why? Because people STILL DO THIS. It’s never okay to date two people at the same time. I don’t know who ever taught that this was okay, but it’s not. When you enter a relationship, you promise to be with that person and that person only. And if you have to think about whether [insert thing here] counts as cheating, it’s best to probably just stay away from it.
Don’t Let Your New GF/BF Get Between You and Your Friends BUT Also Don’t Let Your Friends Come Between You and Your New GF/BF
We’ve all seen those episodes. Where one of the characters is forced to take sides between their friend and their significant other. This rule goes both ways. Your friends are your friends, and a lot of times you will have known them for far longer and your relationship with them will be deeper than the one with your new boo-thang. With that being said, sometimes you need to separate yourself from your friends and be with your significant other. Both relationships deserve you wholly to be part of them. It’s a balance thing. And if one is trying to tear you away from the other take a look at both relationships. Try to see what’s really going on.
Relationships are Work
Cory and Topanga, Zack and Kelly, Uncle Jesse and Rebecca; there is always that couple that defines the show. And in every circumstance, it takes a lot of work to be successful. True, these are testaments to ‘true love,’ but at the same time these relationships all have their ups and downs. There’s no such thing as a relationship that doesn’t need work. You don’t just fall in love, live a happy life, and die. You need to constantly reevaluate, adjust, and most importantly continue to love the other person. When mistakes are made, you make up for them. You forgive. And you work on it. Working on the relationship also means working on yourself.
Relationships are More Important Than Personal Ambitions
The easy way to put this: don’t be selfish. You’re in a relationship. You’re with this person because you very possibly want to be with them for the rest of your life. That means that they are as important (read: more important) than yourself. And sometimes this means giving up personal ambitions for the other person. Dreams are important and good. But dreams also change over time. If you have dreams for your future that have nothing to do with your significant other, then maybe that’s something you need to think over.
The Friendzone – Depends
Ah, the friendzone. You love it and you hate it. Here’s what 90s television says about it. It is definitely possible to destroy the friendzone. It is possible to break free and finally date your best friend that you’ve secretly loved for years. It is. However, you still need to respect it. By all means, if you have those feelings you should definitely tell the person. But if they say no; if they tell you they would rather be friends, then that is their right. They are allowed. They are their own person. Does this mean if you are asked out by your friend you should cower behind the old line, “I don’t want to destroy our friendship.” No. If you’re concerned that dating is going to ruin your friendship, that friendship doesn’t sound too strong to begin with. Because really, the endgame is to date your best friend (either current best friend or future best friend), which means that your friendship should be able to survive whatever you’re afraid will happen by dating them. Aim for the best relationship (whether dating or friends) not just the good relationship. To summarize: you can break free of the friendzone, but it’s okay just to be friends too.
Interracial Relationships are Best When the Racial Component is Not Commented On
I’m looking at you, Shawn and Angela. The best part about their interracial relationship? It wasn’t talked about. It just happened. Why? Because that’s how it’s supposed to work. You should date a person because you like them. Because you get along with them. Because, in the case of Shawn and Angela, you have the same taste in: poetry, music, Van Damme movies, and lip gloss. Don’t focus on being in an interracial relationship; focus on being in a relationship.
Date the Person You Want to be With, Not the Person You Like Looking At
This goes along with the last few points. Dating the ‘hot girl’ or ‘hot guy’ at school isn’t everything. Is it something? Absolutely. Is it cool in school to be dating the popular kid? You bet. But does it add value to the relationship? Nope. Just to restate what’s already been said: date the person you get along with; the one that adds substance to your life. Don’t just date the great eyes and great hair. That will be fun for some time, but great relationships need more layers. So that’s why you might want to consider giving your friend a chance at a date rather than the quarterback of the football team.
Being Nice is Better Than Being Cool
A classic scenario. The nice kid thinks they need to change who they are so they look cooler and get noticed. Does the cool kid get the girl over the nice kid? Yep. That’s just how it is. At first, the cool kid will win. But in the long run, the nice kid will win.. No one wants to be with a jerk forever. Even if they are a cool jerk. But the most important lesson to take from this is to just be yourself. Don’t pretend you’re something you’re not because that’s a lot of work, and in the end it won’t get you very far.
Don’t Compare Your Relationship to Another
Your relationship is just that: yours. Your story is just that: yours. Don’t compare your life to anybody else’s. First, because everyone is different. There’s -99.9% chance you will have the exact experience as someone else. Second, because you don’t know the other couple’s full story. Every couple has their secrets and that’s okay. There are some things that are no one else’s business. And a lot of times the ‘perfect’ couple is really just better at pretending they are perfect. Instead of worrying about them, go talk with your significant other. It’s them you’re in a relationship with anyway.
The Pain of Rejection is Better Than the Pain of Questions
In other words: shoot your shot. Especially when you are younger (but even when you’re older) taking a chance and asking someone out is terrifying. It seems like the world is going to explode if they say no. In reality? It’s just a question. Like, “What’s your favorite color? What do you like to do? Do you want to grab dinner later?” The endless possibilities in your head are worse than reality. And if you never ask, you will be much worse off than if you ask. As said before, if you really trust the person enough to date them, you should trust that they don’t want to destroy your life and embarrass you. The best scenario is you go on a date. The worst scenario is they say no and there’s some awkwardness that will disappear in time. Go for it.
Finally, communication is key. So many relationships fall apart because there is bad, or no, communication. Do you have questions, doubts, praises, dreams, etc.? Talk it over with your partner. This whole article is a testament to the fact that you should be dating your best friend. And if you’re not best friends yet? Work on it. Trust them, and talk with them. Don’t keep secrets from each other. Whether things work out for the best or the two of you decide to take a break, it will be far less painful when it is communicated well.
But in the end, do what you will. This is just what I learned from watching television in the 90s.
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British scientists have found a non-invasive method of treating cataracts using special drops. The results of the study are published in the journal Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science.
Cataract formation occurs as a result of clouding of the lens, which is due to protein denaturation (molecular changes leading to the loss of protein properties). British experts were able to develop eye drops VP1-001, which are able to restore the protein structure of the lens, which contributes to better focusing of the eye. According to the researchers, their discovery will allow non-surgical treatment of patients with certain types of cataracts.
In April 2022, Canadian scientists at the University of British Columbia discovered a new negative effect on the body of the Viagra drug. According to a study, this drug doubles the risk of eye diseases.
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More posthumous releases and discoveries in the wake of David Bowie‘s death, with the unearthing of a rare, until now unreleased pre-Ziggy Stardust demo titled To Be Love. A rather wildly psychedelic number, it comes from a recording session with sound engineer Ron de Strulle at Roxbury Road Studio in Los Angeles in 1970.
Flown out by American record label executives as “new talent from across the pond who was beginning to make a big stir”, Bowie was to record a number of demos to gauge interest.
“My first impression of David was that he was warm, open, friendly, and not looking for star treatment like most of the other artists who came to RR Studios,” de Strulle told The Huffington Post. “He was interested in the production process and excited about anything creative”, he added.
Going on, de Strulle said the young future superstar “was blown away by the studio and very interested in how to get each sound. He loved John Lennon’s vocal effects and George Martin’s way of working with bands of sounds with different frequencies.
“David could pick up an instrument and play anything. He would say ‘I never played this instrument before,’ and then he would cut loose and play. Pure genius.”
Speaking of To Be Love de Strulle recalled, “David loved that song and wanted to do harmony. He said its simple chords and simple melodies were ‘like bringing Billie Holiday into the 1970s.’”
Have a listen for yourself below or grab a free download here.
Gallery: 25 Iconic Photos Throughout David Bowie’s Career
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Furnaces ignite fuel like oil and natural gas to provide heat for your home. As a complication of this process, carbon monoxide is produced. Carbon monoxide is a common and hazardous gas that can trigger a lot of health and breathing problems. Fortunately, furnaces are manufactured with flue pipes that ventilate carbon monoxide safely out of your home. But if a furnace breaks down or the flue pipes are cracked, CO can leak into the house.
While high quality furnace repair in West Columbia can fix carbon monoxide leaks, it's also crucial to know the warning signs of CO poisoning. You should also install carbon monoxide detectors near bedrooms, kitchens and hallways close by these rooms. We'll review more information about carbon monoxide so you can take the appropriate steps to keep you and your family breathing easy.
What Is Carbon Monoxide?
Carbon monoxide is a gas comprised of one carbon molecule and one oxygen molecule. When something like wood, coal or natural gas ignites, carbon monoxide is created. It usually breaks up over time because CO gas weighs less than air. But when your home or furnace doesn’t have enough ventilation, carbon monoxide will sometimes reach more potent concentrations. What's more, one of the reasons it's considered a hazardous gas is because it doesn't have a color, odor or taste. Levels may climb without somebody noticing. That's why it's essential to have a carbon monoxide detector in your home. A carbon monoxide detector is perfect for identifying faint traces of CO and notifying your family using the alarm system.
What Creates Carbon Monoxide in a House?
Carbon monoxide is released when any kind of fuel is burned. This may include natural gas, propane, oil, wood and coal. Natural gas is particularly commonplace as a result of its wide availability and affordable price, making it a regular source of household CO emissions. Aside from your furnace, lots of your home's other appliances that utilize these fuels will emit carbon monoxide, such as:
- Water heaters
- Wood stoves
- Hot tubs
- and more
As we stated earlier, the carbon monoxide your furnace creates is usually released safely out of your home through the flue pipe. In fact, most homes won't need to worry about carbon monoxide problems due to the fact that they offer adequate ventilation. It's only when CO gas is confined in your home that it passes concentrations high enough to cause poisoning.
What Can Carbon Monoxide Do to the Body?
After carbon monoxide gas is breathed in, it can attach to the hemoglobin in your blood cells. This stops oxygen from binding to the blood cells, interrupting your body's capability to carry oxygen in the bloodstream. So even if there's sufficient oxygen in a room, your body wouldn't be able to absorb it. A shortage of oxygen impacts every part of the body. If you're in contact with dangerous quantities of CO over a long period of time, you can experience the following symptoms:
- Shortness of breath
At even steeper levels, the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning are even more detrimental. In high enough concentrations, it's capable of being fatal. Symptoms can include chest pain, confusion, agitation, seizures and unconsciousness.
These symptoms (particularly the less dangerous ones) are frequently mistaken for the flu given that they're so generalized. But if you have several family members suffering from symptoms simultaneously, it could be a sign that there's CO gas in your home. If you think you are struggling with CO poisoning, exit the house right away and contact 911. Medical experts can see to it that your symptoms are treated. Then, get in touch with a trained technician to inspect your furnace and HVAC ventilation system. They can find where the gas is leaking.
How to Eliminate Carbon Monoxide
After a technician has confirmed there's carbon monoxide in your house, they'll pinpoint the source and seal off the leak. It may be any of your fuel-burning appliances, so it can take a bit of time to locate the right spot. Your technician will be looking for soot or smoke stains and other evidence of carbon monoxide. In the meantime, here are some things you can work on to reduce CO levels in your home:
- See to it that your furnace is appropriately vented and that there aren't any clogs in the flue pipe or somewhere else that would trap carbon monoxide gas in your home.
- Keep doors open between rooms when you use appliances that create carbon monoxide, such as fireplaces, stoves or ovens, to increase ventilation.
- Never use a gas stove or oven to heat your home. These appliances would need to run constantly, wasting energy and putting heavy strain on them.
- Don't burn charcoal indoors. Not only will it create a mess, but it can produce more carbon monoxide.
- Avoid using fuel-powered generators, pressure washers or other gas-powered tools in compact spaces.
- If you use a wood-burning fireplace, make sure the flue is open when in use to permit carbon monoxide to exit the house.
- Take care of routine furnace maintenance in West Columbia. A broken or defective furnace is a frequent source of carbon monoxide problems.
- Most importantly, install carbon monoxide detectors. These useful alarms detect CO gas much sooner than humans can.
How Many Carbon Monoxide Detectors Should I Install?
It's vital to set up at least one carbon monoxide detector on every floor of your home, as well as the basement. Prioritize bedrooms and other spaces further away from the exits. This gives people who were sleeping adequate time to exit the home. It's also a good idea to set up carbon monoxide alarms around sources of CO gas, including your kitchen stove or the water heater. And finally, very large homes should look at extra CO detectors for consistent protection for the entire house.
Let's say a home has three floors, as well as the basement. With the aforementioned suggestions, you should install three to four carbon monoxide detectors.
- One alarm can be mounted near the furnace and/or water heater.
- The second alarm should be set up around the kitchen.
- While the third and fourth alarms can be installed near or within bedrooms.
Professional Installation Diminishes the Risk of Carbon Monoxide
Avoiding a carbon monoxide leak is always better than repairing the leak once it’s been located. A great way to avert a CO gas leak in your furnace is by leaving furnace installation in West Columbia to trained professionals like Tri City Fuel & Heating Co., Inc.. They know how to install your preferred make and model to ensure maximum efficiency and minimal risk.
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The Story We Share
by J.D. Bridges
Ask anyone to describe the shape of a square, and you might expect a variety of explanations that yet have common talking points (for example, 90-degree corners with four equilateral sides). Get one of the defining features of a square wrong, and you’re no longer describing a square, regardless of culture, time, or place. Similarly, if a believer were to summarize the gospel, we might reasonably anticipate that each explanation would conform to a particular shape that transcends different communication styles, theological influences, and cultural idioms. In Paul’s first letter to the church at Corinth, he provides a particular shape to the gospel of “first importance” (1 Cor. 15:3–4) by forming it around the death, burial, and resurrection of Jesus. He goes on to provide credible eyewitness reports from various sources to validate his claims, including his own testimony (vv. 5–8).
One facet of the Christian life where we see the importance of the shape of the gospel unfold is in evangelism. As we share the gospel, it is paramount to clearly articulate the redemptive work of Jesus for our listeners. Yet oftentimes our audience has not had access to the biblical worldview and doesn’t understand the biblical plotline. Perhaps this is why the Apostle Paul rooted his explanation of the gospel in the larger context: “in accordance with the Scriptures” (v. 3). Not only did Paul want to provide a clear shape to the gospel, but he also wanted to demonstrate that the gospel was set firmly and securely within the framework of the story of God and the redemptive history of His people.
In order to grasp the context of the whole gospel, Paul demonstrates that a wide-angle view of the Scriptures is necessary. I witnessed this firsthand almost ten years ago when I traveled to New York City for the first time with the intent of sharing the gospel. Standing on a busy street corner in the Bronx, I was approached by a petite woman wearing dark-rimmed glasses. She startled me by giving my arm a small tug, and then she whispered something I didn’t hear. I leaned over and asked her to repeat her words. This time I heard her whisper: “Could you pray for me? I’m HIV-positive, and I don’t know if God loves me.”
In that moment, I believe God gave me great clarity in explaining the gospel to her as she listened closely. Yet she neither said, “I believe!” or “Thanks, but no thanks.” Instead, she began to ask me more questions about the Bible. As she contemplated each answer, it seemed to ignite a new series of questions. I could see her collecting, analyzing, and categorizing her thoughts as she struggled to make sense of the gospel and her suffering. For forty-five minutes we stood there on that cold street corner: two strangers conversing about the story of God. Hearing the gospel had confronted her worldview, and each answer I provided from the Scriptures seemed to distort her old worldview even more.
D.A. Carson writes,
[The] gospel is integrally tied to the Bible’s storyline. Indeed, it is incomprehensible without understanding that storyline… . But the point is simply this: the good news of salvation through Jesus Christ makes sense in the context of this storyline and in no other.
Regardless of our method of evangelism, we need to clearly present the gospel within the storyline of Scripture.
How did it all begin? What has gone wrong? Is there any hope? What will the future hold? These are basic worldview questions that every religion attempts to answer in some way. These are the questions behind the questions and comments we encounter throughout our day in conversation, social media, or from strangers sitting behind us at a restaurant. When bad news provokes someone to say, “How could a person do something like that?” or “What is it with him/her?” we would do well to recognize these are simply questions of “What has gone wrong?”
As we look to God’s Word to answer these questions, the major themes of the biblical worldview are revealed: creation, the fall, rescue (or redemption), and restoration (or re-creation). From Genesis to Revelation, God reveals that He is the author and main character of this story. It is this story that ultimately points us to Jesus Christ, in whom are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge (Col. 2:3). Moreover, the biblical worldview not only provides the glorious backdrop for the gospel, but it also informs our heart for the lost.
Like the disciples on the road to Emmaus, it is the story of God revealed by God that causes our hearts to burn within us (Luke 24:32). He must open our minds to understand it (Luke 24:45) and give us new hearts sealed with the Holy Spirit (Eph. 1:13). As the Spirit ministers to us, we are reminded again and again of Christ’s work in our behalf found throughout the Bible. It is this story of redemption that continually grips our hearts and compels our mouths to speak to the lost. By grace alone through faith alone in Jesus Christ alone, we share the gospel with others with the hope that their stories might be eternally united with His.
© Tabletalk magazine. For permissions, please see our Copyright Policy.
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Telex Anti-Censorship System
This is really clever:
Many anticensorship systems work by making an encrypted connection (called a “tunnel”) from the user's computer to a trusted proxy server located outside the censor's network. This server relays requests to censored websites and returns the responses to the user over the encrypted tunnel. This approach leads to a cat-and-mouse game, where the censor attempts to discover and block the proxy servers. Users need to learn the address and login information for a proxy server somehow, and it's very difficult to broadcast this information to a large number of users without the censor also learning it.
Telex turns this approach on its head to create what is essentially a proxy server without an IP address. In fact, users don't need to know any secrets to connect. The user installs a Telex client app (perhaps by downloading it from an intermittently available website or by making a copy from a friend). When the user wants to visit a blacklisted site, the client establishes an encrypted HTTPS connection to a non-blacklisted web server outside the censor’s network, which could be a normal site that the user regularly visits. Since the connection looks normal, the censor allows it, but this connection is only a decoy.
The client secretly marks the connection as a Telex request by inserting a cryptographic tag into the headers. We construct this tag using a mechanism called public-key steganography. This means anyone can tag a connection using only publicly available information, but only the Telex service (using a private key) can recognize that a connection has been tagged.
As the connection travels over the Internet en route to the non-blacklisted site, it passes through routers at various ISPs in the core of the network. We envision that some of these ISPs would deploy equipment we call Telex stations. These devices hold a private key that lets them recognize tagged connections from Telex clients and decrypt these HTTPS connections. The stations then divert the connections to anticensorship services, such as proxy servers or Tor entry points, which clients can use to access blocked sites. This creates an encrypted tunnel between the Telex user and Telex station at the ISP, redirecting connections to any site on the Internet.
EDITED TO ADD (8/1): Another article.
EDITED TO ADD (8/13): Another article.
Posted on July 19, 2011 at 9:59 AM • 52 Comments
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Living Healthier Starts with You
Congratulations! You’re starting a journey towards living healthier, which will not only make you look better, but feel refreshed, too.
In the first 30 days, you can expect to:
- Feel more refreshed and happier.
- Learn how to give your body the right foods and nutrients it needs to run efficiently.
- Lose some weight, depending on how much your body is carrying.
On this first day, devote your efforts to this life change by drinking enough water to balance and regulate the body’s performance. Everything you do requires water to keep you going.
Just because you’re upping your H2O intake doesn’t mean you can’t have tea, coffee or carbonated, calorie-free beverages. Have them in moderation and balance them out with water. A good rule of thumb is to drink about half of your body weight in ounces per day. For example, if you weigh 150 pounds, drink 75 ounces of water.
Drink as much water as your body needs. You can determine the need by the color of your urine. A light color means you’re sufficiently hydrated; darker colors mean you’re moving toward dehydration. You will start to notice that some feelings of hunger are actually feelings of thirst in disguise. Next time you think you’re hungry, get a glass of water.
DID YOU KNOW? Japanese researcher and doctor of alternative medicine Masaru Emoto showed that water carries energy and is affected by music, words and prayer.
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Up to 4,000 prisoners in Wales and across the UK are to be temporarily released from prison in an effort to try and control the spread of coronavirus.
The Ministry of Justice said the selected low-risk offenders will be electronically tagged and temporarily released on licence in stages, although they can be recalled at the first sign of concern.
It is seen as a way to avoid thousands of prisoners, many of whom share cells, from becoming infected - something which would add pressure on the NHS.
The move comes as 88 prisoners and 15 staff across the UK have now tested positive for Covid-19.
No high-risk criminals - such as those who have been convicted of violent or sexual offences, anyone who is a national security concern or a danger to children - will be considered for release.
Prisoners who have not served at least half their custodial term will also not be among those who are released.
The news was announced by Lord Chancellor and Justice Secretary Robert Buckland, who has come under increasing pressure to act amid fears the killer bug is spreading.
The Ministry of Justice also said no offender convicted of Covid-19-related offences, including coughing at emergency workers or stealing personal protective equipment, will be eligible.
Lord Chancellor and Justice Secretary Robert Buckland QC said: "This government is committed to ensuring that justice is served to those who break the law.
"But this is an unprecedented situation because if coronavirus takes hold in our prisons, the NHS could be overwhelmed and more lives put at risk.
"All prisoners will face a tough risk assessment and must comply with strict conditions, including an electronic tag, while they are closely monitored.
"Those that do not will be recalled to prison."
Coronavirus in Wales updates
The Ministry of Justice also said no prisoner would be released if they have symptoms of coronavirus or without housing and health support being in place.
The legislation for these measures to take place is set to be laid on Monday.
Juliet Lyon, chair of the Independent Advisory Panel on Deaths in Custody, welcomed the move as it comes "at a time of grave threat to life".
Prison Reform Trust director Peter Dawson said: "Exceptional times require exceptional measures, and the public should be reassured that in this instance their protection is better served by carefully releasing some prisoners a few weeks early than by keeping them in.
"Prisons have never faced an emergency of this complexity or duration, and further measures will be needed in the weeks ahead."
Earlier this week, Mr Buckland announced that pregnant inmates could be granted temporary release from prison "within days" to protect them and their unborn children from coronavirus.
Prison governors will be able to grant release on temporary licence to women who are expecting behind bars as long as they do not pose a high risk of harm to the public.
Decisions will be made subject to them passing risk assessments and once suitable accommodation is found.
Mothers who are behind bars with their children who pass the same checks can also be released.
Northern Ireland is to release 200 of its 1,500 prisoners early while the authorities in Scotland are considering taking similar action.
There are 5,000 prisoners in France who are to be released early, along with 3,500 just in the US state of California.
Australia, Germany, and Canada have already given the go-ahead for the early release of prisoners.
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Top 10 Anti-Spyware Software on the Market in 2020
With the recent COVID-19 pandemic, cybercrime is on the rise. This is not to scare you, but it is the perfect time to make sure you and your devices are protected from malware and other viruses.
Today we are going to talk about how to protect yourself from spyware.
Cybersecurity companies spend a lot of time and effort in protecting their customers from malware and viruses. However, sometimes spyware gets overlooked.
What is Spyware?
Spyware is a type of malware with the goal of obtaining your private information without your consent and then sends it to other cybercriminals who will use it in harmful ways. Honestly, it can be hard to find trustworthy and reliable anti-spyware programs, especially considering some are actually spyware in disguise!
We have weeded through nearly 50 antivirus software systems on the market today and analyzed whether or not their anti-spyware is up to par. While many did not meet the standard, some did, and we will present those to you today.
We have divided our list into two sections:
- Antivirus software that includes anti-spyware protection (Get one of these if you don’t have anti-virus installed).
- Dedicated anti-spyware software (Get one of these if you already have a current anti-virus installed, but you need additional spyware protection).
Best Antivirus Software That Includes Anti-Spyware Protection
Norton is a trusted leader in fighting all kinds of cyberthreats, including malware, viruses, ransomware, and spyware. It excels at 100% detection and removal rates, which is why customers stay committed to Norton.
One reason why Norton is so effective is that it uses artificial intelligence to stay ahead of the new and emerging spyware threats.
With Norton 360, you will get:
- Malware scanning and removal
- Online cyber threat detection
- Smart firewall
- Dark web monitoring
- Secure VPN
- Password manager
You can use Norton 360 on your Mac, smartphone, or tablet, but Windows users get extra anti-spyware features, which is pretty cool. The reason is that spyware often targets Windows users because of some of its security vulnerabilities (so if you use Windows, keep that in mind!)
Some of the extra Windows features include “SafeCam,” which protects your PC’s webcam and “PC Cloud Backup,” which gives you 10 GB of extra storage. If you need to protect more than once device, Norton 360 Deluxe is the same price as 360 Standard for the first year, and it comes with parental controls for up to five devices.
Our verdict: Norton’s trustworthy reputation comes with plenty of evidence, and we can proudly stand behind this company when it comes to keeping your devices protected online, specifically from Spyware.
McAfee is another great leader in cybersecurity, and its Total Protection plan offers malware, spyware, and virus detection and removal. In addition, this plan adds extra spyware protection with the following features:
- Unlimited VPN
- Performance Optimization
- Safe Web Browsing
In addition, you will get Wi-Fi protection, a password manager, ransomware protection, encrypted storage, and more.
McAfee Total Protection also offers identity theft protection for U.S.-based users, such as Dark Web Monitoring, Social Security Monitoring, and 24/7 Identify Theft Support. We also should add that McAfee stands by their promise of “viruses removed or your money back,” so as a customer, you are 100% guaranteed protection!
Our verdict: McAfee Total Protection offers great antivirus protection with strong tools that fight spyware. The only thing we don’t like is that their extensive Identity Theft Protection is only available for U.S. users, but overall, McAfee is a wonderful choice for a cybersecurity package.
First, we must mention that TotalAV has seriously improved its antivirus products in the past year. Today, TotalAV’s antivirus is backed up by powerful technology, which is why it is trusted by more than 500,000,000 customers!
TotalAV offers great overall cybersecurity protection, and they focus specifically on preventing spyware. The free version is not all that useful, but the paid versions include all the features you are looking for in an antivirus. In addition to real-time antivirus protection, here is what the cheapest paid version, Antivirus Pro 2020 offers:
- Spyware detection and removal
- Adware cleaner
- Remote firewall access
- Phishing protection
- Device optimization tools
TotalAV offers great introductory prices, but their renewal prices often come as a surprise to some customers. Make sure you know what your renewal price will be if you sign up.
Our verdict: TotalAV has definitely stepped up their game as far as offering some of the best antivirus protection on the market. We recommend TotalAV not only as an all-around best antivirus option but because of the extra spyware protection.
Bitdefender tops the rankings in detecting and removing viruses, including spyware. In fact, Bitdefender earned “Product of the Year” from AV-Comparatives in 2019.
Bitdefender’s specialty is protecting its customers’ financial information. If you bank online, then you are vulnerable to a type of spyware called a “Banking Trojan.” A banking trojan disguises itself as an app or software that downloads to your device, and once installed, it steals your banking details.
Bitdefender protects against banking trojans by providing a secure browsing tool called “Safepay.” In addition, Bitdefender’s Total Security includes:
- Multi-layer ransomware protection
- Password manager
- Microphone monitor
- Webcam protection
Our verdict: Bitdefender’s Total Security is not only a great all-around cybersecurity program; it is excellent for additional security features that protect against spyware. Those who do online banking and shopping will especially benefit from this software.
As a company that started out as an anti-spyware product, Malwarebytes is still a world-class anti-spyware product, but it also protects against a range of other threats.
Malwarebytes works by monitoring the behaviors of your files and apps. If it sees any suspicious activity (like accessing certain parts of your device or logging your activity), it takes immediate action to eliminate the threat to protect your private information.
Even though Malwarebytes does a good job of protecting against spyware, it does not include a firewall or VPN, which are important features. However, Malwarebytes has incredible malware detection and protection, it’s easy to use, and most customers are pleased with the services.
Our verdict: Malwarebytes is good for basic protection against malware and spyware without a lot of extra security features. If you want simple and basic, go with Malwarebytes, but if you want a more comprehensive plan with extra security features, go with Norton or McAfee.
Avira Antivirus Pro is great for protecting against spyware and malware in real-time. It also excels in detecting keyloggers, which is a type of spyware that records what you type, including messages, passwords, credit card numbers, or other personal data. If you spend a lot of time surfing, shopping, and paying online, Avira may be your best bet.
Here’s what you will get with Avira Antivirus Pro:
- Blocks malware, ransomware, and spyware in real-time
- Safe browser to protect from phishing
- PUA shield which protects against malicious software
- Ad blockers
We love Avira because it works for all types of devices, even older computers. This software is lightweight and won’t slow down your device a bit. You probably won’t even notice it working, but it is!
Our verdict: Avira Antivirus Pro is extremely efficient, offering top-notch protection against keyloggers and security threats. It’s so easy to use and lightweight that it works well for any computer or device.
Originally, Adaware (formerly known as Lavasoft), was designed to block ads and web trackers. Now, it has developed its software to protect your PC against malware, phishing, spyware, ransomware, online scams, viruses, and hackers.
Here’s how it works: Adaware’s Antivirus Total’s Digital Lock feature works to prevent spyware from stealing your personal data by:
- Encrypting your private files using “military-grade” 256-bit AES encryption
- “Shredding” any unencrypted files by erasing and overwriting them
- Using multiple levels of encryption and password protection to private documents
With Adaware Antivirus Total, you will also get:
- Virus, ransomware, spyware, and malware protection in real-time
- Download protection
- Email protection
- Web protection
- Parental controls
- Incredibly powerful firewall
Our verdict: Adaware offers a highly competitive level of protection for your personal information. The Digital Lock feature gives you peace of mind knowing that your sensitive documents on your PC are well protected.
Dedicated Anti-Spyware Software
Our first seven recommendations work well if you need comprehensive protection. Our last three recommendations are for those who already have all-in-one protection but want extra spyware safety. You can use these products in conjunction with your existing antivirus.
SUPERAntiSpyware is an excellent tool for fighting spyware and related-malware, including the following:
- Adware (no more annoying ads!)
- Rootkits that take over parts of your PC
- Trojans that look innocent, but attack your system when installed
SUPERAntiSpyware offers a free and paid version. The paid version, SuperAntiSpyware Pro, offers the following features:
- Detection and removal of malicious threats
- In-depth system analysis
- Browser cookies and pop-ups remover
- Repairs PC damage
- Flexible scanning options
Our verdict: SUPERAntiSpyware works well with your existing antivirus protection. Since it specifically adds a strong layer of spyware protection, it will protect you against all the emerging threats online.
Simple, effective, trusted. That’s how SpywareBlaster is described, and we agree.
SpywareBlaster’s specialty is blocking ActiveX malware. ActiveX controls are Internet Explorer’s version of plug-ins, for example, the flash player. These controls have access to your device or computer if you opt to install and run them.
The problem is that ActiveX controls are a common target for hackers who can use them to gain access to your system. SpywareBlaster is effective at protecting against this threat.
SpywareBlaster offers free and paid versions. SpywareBlaster AutoUpdate is a great value product and provides the following features:
- Protection against spyware, adware, and other online threats
- Automatic updating
- Technical support
Unlike other antiviruses, SpywareBlaster doesn’t scan your computer; it blocks incoming threats. Because of this, you will need to use this product in addition to a comprehensive antivirus software like Norton or McAfee.
Our verdict: SpywareBlaster is the perfect solution to spyware that attacks your computer via ActiveX website content. You will need additional antivirus software to provide you with comprehensive protection, but SpywareBlaster works well to target spyware, specifically.
Spybot – Search and Destroy is another excellent spyware protection software. Managing your “tracks” is this software’s specialty. These “tracks” are your PC’s records of the following:
- The documents you have opened
- The websites you have visited
- The applications you have used
Spyware criminals like to gather this type of data so they can gain your personal information and control of your PC. Spybot cleans up your usage tracks, making you less of a target for spyware hackers.
We should mention that Spybot offers advanced options for experienced users. Some of these may be complicated, so if you’re new to the cybersecurity world, you may want to opt for another solution. Also, if you want more comprehensive protection, Spybot’s premium plan, Spybot Home, offers real-time protection against malware and other online threats.
Our verdict: Spybot – Search and Destroy offers excellent spyware prevention, detection, and removal for users. Some of its features may appear a bit complex, so if you want a simpler software, choose another one of our recommendations.
Frequently Asked Questions
We have compiled some common questions that users ask about spyware to help you understand this complicated online threat.
What is spyware?
As we mentioned earlier, spyware is a type of malware that “spies” on your device. Its goal is to watch your activity and collect your private information. Hackers who use spyware may steal your credit card information, social security number, web browsing history, and any other personal information.
How does an anti-spyware software work?
Anti-spyware software detects and removes spyware from your system. It also prevents spyware altogether. Here’s how it works:
- Detects and removes spyware that is already on your device
- Prevents you from downloading spyware
- Encrypts your files to keep them secure
- Encrypts your keystrokes to confuse “keyloggers.”
- Blocks access to your device’s camera or microphone
- Scans the web for any signals that your personal information has been compromised
Anti-spyware software often comes in a comprehensive, antivirus subscription or a standalone one.
If I have antivirus protection, do I need additional spyware protection?
It depends. First, keep in mind that anti-spyware and antivirus software are not always the same thing. Most antivirus protection fights viruses and may not include spyware protection. If this is the case, you do need additional spyware coverage.
If your antivirus package includes spyware protection (like our top seven recommendations,) you do not need additional spyware protection unless you do a lot of shopping and banking online, and in that case, extra spyware security would be useful.
How do I install anti-spyware software?
All you need to do in order to install anti-spyware software is to purchase it from a reputable cybersecurity company and download it. Our top ten anti-spyware recommendations are all excellent choices.
What about free anti-spyware software? Is it credible?
It depends. Research the company and the reviews. Some “anti-spyware software” is actually spyware in disguise, so it is crucial to know what you’re downloading. All our recommendations in this article are 100% credible.
It’s important to take the threat of spyware very seriously. Having your personal information stolen can lead to devastating results. The biggest problem is that most people think they are protected from spyware with an antivirus, and while this is true sometimes, it’s not true all the time.
Make sure you check your antivirus for spyware protection, and if you don’t have it, download one of our recommendations!
- Emsisoft Anti-Malware Review
- Zemana Review: An Anti-Malware and Web Security Software
- Intrusta Antivirus Review
- Adaware Antivirus Review
- Spybot Search and Destroy Review 2020: Is it Worth Looking Into?
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After everyone is finished stuffing their faces with turkey and chasing yams with copious amounts of wine, they’ll probably need a nap. After that, though, it will be time to get into the swing of the Christmas season, which often means spending a lot of money.
There’s a lot to check off the list: Tree, gift shopping, cards, food (again), travel plans, candy canes, and more. With holiday prep just around the corner, here’s some data from Find The Data, provided by Graphiq:
U.S. retail sales are expected to hit $630.5 billion this holiday season, according to the National Retail Federation (NRF). That is higher than the gross domestic product (GDP) of 181 countries, which is used to measure a country’s economic health.
The average American continues to spend more during holiday shopping than they did before the recession. And the average person spends significantly more on gifts during the holidays than anything else.
While the majority of shopping is still done at physical locations, online shopping is expected to continue to gain popularity this year, and 21% of shoppers are expected to shop on mobile. The NRF said 33% of shopping is for clothing and accessories, which should be welcome news for retailers such as Macy’s
Oregon is the country’s No. 1 producer of Christmas trees during the holiday, harvesting more than 6 million trees. In 2013, when Christmas tree sales reached its peak ($1.16 billion), Oregon produced an estimated 6.4 million trees worth about $110 million, according to the Pacific Northwest Christmas Tree Association.
Here are some other holiday facts:
- 150 million little chocolate Santas are made each year, according to the National Confectioners Association
- People prefer gift cards: 51% of men and 66% of women.
- Last year, 77% of shoppers took advantage of holiday deals to buy themselves something.
- The U.S. Postal Service expects to ship 630 million packages this holiday season
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The proven synchronous lifting technology from Enerpac (A Division of Actuant Corp) was deployed in a new wireless-controlled version at the prestigious Brisbane Riverwalk project for greater precision and safety.
Some of the world’s most advanced high precision, high safety hydraulics are being deployed on the new $72 million Brisbane Riverwalk project to lift, shift and position the complex and heavy concrete castings.
The John Holland project will involve the world’s first application of the new wireless-controlled and diesel powered version of the Enerpac SyncHoist load hoisting and positioning system, which offers precision load manoeuvring vertically and horizontally using one crane instead of multiple cranes.
This latest version of the PLC controlled SyncHoist technology was developed for heavy lift and transport specialists Universal Cranes by Enerpac Integrated Solutions to safely control irregularly shaped and uneven loads weighing up to hundreds of tons while reducing the risk of damage from oscillations of wire rope due to sudden crane starts and stops.
Universal Cranes’ new wireless SyncHoist technology is an evolution of the SyncHoist technology already used successfully to ensure optimum accuracy and safety in the hoisting and positioning of key components of one of the largest ships ever built for the Royal Australian Navy, the 28,000 ton Helicopter Deck (LHD) vessel project underway at Williamstown, Victoria.
Enerpac’s wireless synchronous lifting technology is being used at the Riverwalk project in conjunction with a series of Enerpac Integrated Solutions lifting, pulling and skidding technologies employed on different parts of the project to manoeuvre concrete elements weighing up to 385 tons that will make up the 850m Riverwalk link between new Farm and the Howard Smith wharves.
Due for completion by the middle of this year, the new Riverwalk replaces the popular floating walkway that was swept away in the 2011 Brisbane floods. Unlike the previous floating structure, the new Riverwalk will be fixed in place, sitting about 3.4m above mean sea level and will feature a rotating span to allow access for boats moored within the confines of the Riverwalk, in addition to 24-hour lighting, separated pedestrian and cycle areas and shaded rest stops.
Mounted on a 280 ton barge with crane and 130 ton piling rig, Universal Cranes’ SyncHoist system employs intelligent hydraulics to monitor and guide compact but powerful 700 bar double-acting push-pull cylinders integrated into four lifting points above the loads. The SyncHoist SHS system can also be used for pre-programmed positioning, tilting and aligning of loads and for counterweighting and determining their centre of gravity.
Enerpac Integrated Solutions Manager for Australasia, Mr Richard Verhoeff explains that the SyncHoist system allows Universal Cranes to achieve maximum precision at the Riverwalk project through wireless operation, with the crane operator doing the positioning while driving.
The synchronous lifting controls each of the four lifting points to within minute tolerances, allowing him to pick up the load evenly with optimum balance and safety. The driver can also see the specific load on each point, enabling him to do some point loading to enhance stability. Wireless control of the latest SyncHoist enables the crane driver to more simply perform complex load lifting, shifting and positioning manoeuvres from his cab, ensuring the loads remain evenly poised during the process, while performing point load indications and checks where required.
Available in load capacities customised to individual tasks, with system reach of 1500mm from each of several lifting points, SyncHoist offers very high accuracies (±1.0mm), less dependence on weather conditions and vastly improved operating speed and worker safety.
According to Mr Verhoeff, the independent diesel power built into the Riverwalk system also means the system can be deployed virtually anywhere without its hydraulic functionality being dependent on fixed or separate power sources such as generators, making the technology particularly valuable in remote applications such as oil, gas, mining and energy, or large-scale applications such as bridges, ports, shipbuilding and infrastructure.
The system combines diesel drive and wireless control in a totally self-contained design, eliminating the need to have power cables lying around or hoses connected between a hoisted object and the pump unit, because this pump unit can be positioned on the load itself or on the spreader frame used to perform the lift.
The Riverwalk project also involves a combination of complementary Enerpac Integrated Solutions technologies that are used to lift concrete elements from their mould and deliver them to the point where they are lifted onto the barge by the SyncHoist system.
A total of 55 10-ton compact Enerpac RCS 101 low height cylinders with 38mm stroke are used to separate cast concrete elements from their mould so they can be lowered onto a series of Enerpac ER 80 heavy duty load skates on which they are pulled nearly 300m for delivery to the barge containing the SyncHoist. Pulling power for the skidding operation is provided by pairs of RR series double-acting Enerpac RR 3014 cylinders with 14-inch (368mm) strokes.
For more information, click here,
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The Rotary Club of Payson's 2006 Educational Grant Awards were officially presented to six individuals at the annual School District and Teacher Appreciation Barbecue.
But just as teachers prepared to return to their meals after the awards, there was an unexpected addition to the ceremony.
"Last year, Rotary made the decision to begin a tradition of the Teacher of the Year award," past-president Dan Hill said.
So, after teachers Julie Eckhardt, Barbara Toma, Barbara Quinlan, Brenda Ortlund, Eileen Lawson and Barbara Potvin received their certificates, Carmelita Locke, a fifth grade teacher at Frontier Elementary school, shaking her head in surprise, accepted the first annual Teacher of the Year award and a $500 check.
The choice was the result of questionnaires Rotary sent to school administrators requesting nominations of a teacher who was an "unsung hero," Hill said.
Locke was chosen on the basis of what she does in her classroom and beyond. Her involvement in Frontier Elementary School's music and gifted programs were cited on her recommendation form.
She can spend the $500 on anything she wants.
The $500 each of the six educational grant winners were awarded must be used to purchase supplies for their classrooms, libraries and programs.
Toma and Quinlan, both teach eighth grade science teachers at Rim County Middle School, applied for scientific models and materials, including sets of atoms, elements and ions, that they can share with each other's students in upcoming labs.
"We are thrilled to have these new materials because we had some that were outdated and we didn't have a lot of models to show the kids," Toma said.
"Now the kids will actually get to see what they've read about," Quinlan added.
Eckhardt, Potvin and Lawson, the librarians at Julia Randall Elementary School, RCMS and FES respectively, ordered books.
The shelves of JRE's library welcomed the addition of nonfiction history books in a comic book format thanks to Eckhardt.
"I chose the listening books and paperback novels that teachers use as a classroom set, so the students who need to be listening to the book would be able to participate," said Potvin.
"I am doing a longitudinal research project on how audiobooks help to improve reading," said Lawson, who ordered them in a variety of reading levels. "The research I did last year showed that some students were able to jump two grade levels by using the audiobooks to gain confidence and be able to read on their own."
"My grant was for new grammar and vocabulary games, language cards, plus books and CDs to aid with auditory processing," Ortlund said.
She is the speech language pathologist at FES.
These awards were made possible by funds raised by Rotary Club members principally at their annual Dollars for Scholars event, scheduled this year from 5 to 9 p.m. Saturday, Sept. 23, at the Tonto Apache Gym.
Tickets are $100 per couple and may be obtained from any Rotary member.
Tickets include dinner and a chance to win many door prizes, including a $5,000 cash grand prize.
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Anatomy of an Era: Gerald Armstrong, Part 1
Excerpted from Chapter 96, No Place Like Nebraska: Anatomy of an Era, Vol. 2 by Paul Koch
At the base of it was the urge, if you wanted to play football, to knock someone down. That was what the sport was all about, the will to win closely linked with contact.
-George Plimpton, Paper Lion: Confessions of a Last-String Quarterback
The true measure of an individual lies not in whether he gets knocked down, but rather if he gets up after that fall. Throughout eons on the wild Nebraska plains there were continual tests, trials, tortures and tears, with even the hardiest of creatures remaining down for the eternal long-count.
Did you know, for example, that the Cornhusker state has the most complete fossil record of elephant evolution than any state in the Union, historical remnants having been found in 90 of its 93 counties? The most ancient of these elephants was the Prod Tusker, with not only two, but four lengthy ivories; an animal whose bony remains are on display just yards from Memorial Stadium in old Morrill Hall near 14th and Vine. Like living bulldozers of their era, the “Four Tuskers” were built for power rather than speed, and with a massive lower jaw and short, stout legs they purportedly plowed through the lush Nebraska forests an estimated 6 to 14 million years ago.
In the same spirit as that long dead beast, there roamed a tight end who excelled similarly in laying to waste most anything in its path: Ponca walk-on Gerald Armstrong. Relishing the role of punisher and running roughshod over defenders in the name of Husker offensive progress, his was the living out of many a Nebraska boy’s dream. Let’s dig down deep for a few fossilized finds in Gerald’s memory….
Notable quote #1:
“I got just a beautiful line on this one defensive end and came in on him and knocked his helmet clean off. And I picked it up and gave it to him… and man, that made him angry! (laughs) I mean, it was a war out there. It was a blast.”
Walk-on, Tight End, Ponca, Nebraska
Where are they now? Lincoln, Nebraska, Construction
Question: So you’re living in Lincoln, Gerald?
Gerald Armstrong: That’s right. I went away for a little bit to the Canadian Football League, but it was pretty short-lived and I ended up back here working construction for a little while and started my own company. I got married and have a couple children.
Q: Where did you play in the CFL?
GA: I went to training camp with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats for a couple weeks, but it was kind of tough to make the team because they had only three positions for American players -or they did at that point in time- and they usually reserve them for specialties. In fact, Steve Taylor was up there at that time, so I got to catch a few passes from him. And then I ended up going down to the Shreveport, Louisiana Pirates for a few months and was on the practice roster. And it was kind of funny, because they don’t really have the tight end in the Canadian Football League, per se, and so I went to an X-back, an H-Back. I was a little out of my element, but still it was a good time and a good experience.
Q: You’re from Ponca, Nebraska, right?
GA: That’s right. And I walked on.
Q: Tell me about that whole experience. How did that happen?
GA: I guess I knew -just like a lot of kids who grew up in Nebraska, it was a dream of mine- and all of a sudden I started to improve in sports as I got a little bit older, and as a junior in high school I decided to go down to the summer camp at Nebraska and made as good of an impression as I could.
And my high school coach helped me out quite a bit: he put together a film and sent it down there. And also, there was an individual by the name of Larry Buhl. He knew Coach Osborne and he put a word in for me to look at the tapes. They liked enough of what they saw and asked me to walk on.
Q: Were you recruited by other schools?
GA: Yeah, I was, but they were smaller colleges like Wayne State and colleges of that caliber at that time. I recall the coach of Wayne State -I don’t remember his name from that time- he more or less told me that I wouldn’t be playing at Nebraska, and if I came to Wayne State I’d be playing right away. He really didn’t smolder my dream, but instead he kind of threw gas on the fire, I guess. (laughs) I had my mind made up that that’s what I wanted to do and it worked out pretty well.
Q: Your parents were fully behind you?
GA: It’s interesting. My parents weren’t really into athletics. My dad did a little boxing, but they grew up farming and that generation wasn’t into it as much. It’s interesting, because years later my dad told me that he was surprised I made the varsity team in high school. (laughs)
They were 100% behind me and were great about going to the games and absolutely supported it, and it was a lot of fun. My mother is about as competitive as anybody, so she really got a kick out of going to the games and really enjoyed it.
Q: How large was your farm?
GA: At the time it was about 1,100 acres with both cattle and grain. They have since retired and still live on the farm, but they’ve scaled back.
Q: So you spent many summers moving irrigation pipe?
GA: Well, fortunately –or unfortunately- up in the northeast it’s a little hilly, but we had pretty good soil up there so there wasn’t much need for irrigation. But I definitely walked my share of beans and threw some bales and did my share of that.
Q: Good preparation for summer conditioning in later years?
GA: That’s right.(laughs) Yeah, that’s right. I noticed you’re from Petersburg. I suppose you did the same stuff, too.
Q: A farm is a good way to keep a kid out of trouble, right? What year was your first fall camp, Gerald?
GA: Well, it was the fall of 1989.
Q: So you were probably one of about sixty freshmen in ’89?
Q: Do you have any initial recollections? First memories? First impressions?
GA: It was kind of rough. And I came from two and a half hours away; I guess I can’t imagine what the guys from out of state were feeling. But yeah, I hadn’t really been away from the farm a lot, and it was definitely a growing experience. I really wasn’t used to being out and about and on my own that way, so that in itself was a bit of a challenge, but then you throw in the fall camp and that’s pretty intense… a pretty rough way to start out going to school. (laughs)
Q: You moved into the dorms?
GA: Abel. I moved into Abel Hall.
Q: Who was your first roommate?
GA: My first roommate, actually, was a kid from Ponca. His name was Phil Carter. He was a great guy and we lived in the dorms for two years and then one year off-campus. He went into media and worked for the Southeast City-Star for a while and now works for Briar Cliff or Morningside. He gave me a little press up there at the time. (laughs) He was going down there to school and we talked about it and I felt comfortable with that scenario. I really hadn’t thought about living with another athlete -and that probably wasn’t the best move for me because I was really trying to live two separate lives, because you have the guys who have late classes in the day and stay up at night, and that first year was a little rough in that aspect. But I don’t regret any of it.
Q: Who did you end up rooming with later on?
GA: Some of my roommates at the time were Sean Dostal and Rod Haarberg. Both of those guys were amazing athletes. They were pretty good athletes, but they just decided after a couple years to make different choices, and a little bit later I ended up living with Mike Vedral.
Q: So from the walk-on angle, what do you think separated a guy like you -hanging on and plugging away- and the guys who finally just said, “This isn’t for me”?
GA: You know, it’s quite interesting. Even to this day it’s hard to say, because I remember walking back from one of the practices after we’d been in fall camp for about three weeks, and I remember a guy by the name of Greg Christianson walking back to the dorms: and he just broke down. He was just beat mentally and you could just tell he was struggling with all this.
And that first three or four weeks had claimed close to twenty guys who didn’t end up staying on the team. I could tell talking with him that it was such an internal struggle for him to make that decision, because like me he had dreamt about this and wanted to make it happen.
I guess, for me, I didn’t have anything else. Because for me? I went to Nebraska to get an education, of course, but it was so intertwined with the fiber of my being that there wasn’t really an ‘out’. I was just going to do it.
Q: You were sold out from the get-go? There was no turning back, hell or high water, as they say?
GA: (laughs) That’s right. And there are good and bad things about that, but I am so glad I stuck it out. Not just because of what I may have accomplished, but just the camaraderie and the guys and the friendships. It was just a once-in-the-lifetime thing.
Q: You took part in the freshman football team, I take it. Were you a tight end from the start?
GA: They split us up into groups and I told them I played fullback and linebacker, and they said, “We have enough linebackers, why don’t you go play some fullback?”
So I walk into the room with the fullbacks and just stuck out like a sore thumb. These guys were all 5’ 11” to six foot, 210 to 220, and I just thought to myself, ‘This isn’t going to work out.’ (laughs) So they actually asked me what I wanted to play and I said, ‘Tight end.’ I played some my last year in high school, so that’s how I started the whole adventure.
Q: What size were you at the time?
GA: I wasn’t really big. I was just about 205. About 6’3” and 205.
Q: Who was your first position coach?
GA: Well, it was Bill Weber. He coached the tight ends on the freshman team, and of course, Thorell was the coach there. It was a good time, a learning experience.
Q: When did you first start butting heads with the varsity players?
GA: Well, that sophomore year when you’re on the so-called ‘meat squad’ and you get to realize the strength and the power and speed of those guys, you’re so awestruck. They’re so much faster and bigger than the guys you see in class C in high school, so my redshirt year all I had to do was lift weights and eat and get bigger and stronger and work on my game, so I’m thankful for that redshirt year.
Q: If I recall, were you in line for the Lifter of the Year Award?
GA: That’s correct.
Q: Did you win it?
GA: No, I’m trying to remember who won it. Was it Mike Anderson? Donta Jones won it one year. But it was quite a program. You guys really had your act together down there.
Q: Thanks. So you were down in the north locker room, I take it. When did you make the jump to the south locker room with the varsity?
GA: It was my sophomore year, the year after my redshirt year. It was actually during the season and it was pretty crazy. I knew I wasn’t going to get a lot of playing time because of Will Washington and Chris Garrett and Darryl Liese, and you had Johnny Mitchell coming in the next year, but it was kind of fun.
Q: So Coach Ron Brown had you from then on. How would you describe him and his methods? How would you best define him?
GA: The first word that comes to my mind is just ‘energy.’ He demands a lot from you, but not in a negative way. He’s not afraid to raise his voice, but it’s one of the more interesting things, because my parents grew up old school and their parents were even more stern than them, so I understood what it was like to live a relatively strict and proper way and I wasn’t afraid of voices being raised, but he did it in a manner that wasn’t degrading or negative, so that aspect of it is quite amazing. He’s still that way today.
Available on Amazon.com
Q: Do you recall any of your first interactions? Initial memories?
GA: I do remember, in general, when he was first trying to teach technique and blocking, you could just tell I had a long ways to go to learn the techniques and things. But after a lot of practice and starting to make some big improvements in almost every aspect of the game, I remember one practice we were out there and we were running a skeleton play: Coach Osborne was out in the middle of the field and called me over -right in the middle of practice- and he said, “Gerald, you’ve been doing a lot of good things and there’s some real potential for you to get some playing time, so I want to you to be ready.” And man, you talk about a boost in confidence?
Q: Coach Osborne pulled you over?
GA: Yeah, that’s right.
Q: So he’s standing in the middle watching all four stations going on around him, and amid all that ruckus and pandemonium he calls you, Gerald Armstrong, over for an encouraging word?
GA: Exactly. That was so much better than him pulling me in the office and saying that. And just like you said, there was so much going on, and he took the time to make that point to me. I’ll never forget that little thirty second conversation. That was awesome.
Q: I’ll bet with all the adrenaline you had from that you’d wished we had forty yard testing promptly thereafter, huh?
GA: That’s right. (laughs)
Q: Any other comments on interactions or Coach Osborne’s methods?
GA: You know, it’s so interesting: people who weren’t close to him or didn’t know him personally? He’s one of those people who gets ‘taken for granted’, is the phrase I’m looking for. He’s not boisterous, he’s not flashy. But his technique and his demeanor and everything about him just says that he’s a true gentleman and a good person and phenomenal coach.
Q: And when you say ‘technique’, was there a prevailing attitude or mindset he projected?
GA: Well, he was so mild-mannered. He wasn’t one of the so-called rah-rah coaches, as you know, but he had a way about him that garners respect from the corn-fed boy from Podunk, Nebraska to the guy who came from Compton, California. It didn’t matter: he earned their respect. He didn’t just get it because of reputation; every year he earned it. And it was just because of his consistency and the way he coached and the man he was.
Q: His character was simply revealed through his words and actions and demeanor? He didn’t necessarily have to precisely address it?
Q: Do you remember the 1990 season? Do you recall the culture or the attitudes at that time?
GA: You know, that year -just like every team, you try to grow and become better as an athlete and as a team- it just seemed like things were starting to line up. It just felt like it was moving forward and it wasn’t a lateral move like we had a lot of years at Nebraska. There may be a little dive and a rise there, but it just seemed that things were starting to click and line up.
Q: In what way did things start to click?
GA: Well, ultimately, at the end of our senior year in 1993, it just seemed like the team was focused and it seemed like everybody was working together for one purpose from top to bottom. I don’t know what set it apart, to be quite honest with you.
Q: It was such a slow evolution that nothing really stood out to you? Like it just ‘happened’?
GA: That’s just right. Every year down there, they tried to do the absolute best regardless of who’s there and what they have. You know, it’s just like life sometimes: you try to do the same thing over and over and you don’t change a lot of your techniques or how you’re doing things, but suddenly you start to become successful. It’s kind of hard to explain. (laughing)
Q: I got you. In other words, the repetition kind of starts catching up with you and in the end you get super-proficient in the process? Somewhere along the line it’s become second nature?
GA: I’d like to think that. Or maybe it was just you guys in the weightroom, I don’t know. (laughing)
Q: The jury’s still out on that one, Gerald. (laughs) And I must say, I feel the ’94 National Championship game versus Florida State for your final game was one of the greatest tilts of all time. What do you recall about that game and the journey leading up to that?
GA: Well, it’s interesting. That game -after we realized we’d lost the game- it didn’t feel like they were the better team, actually. Yeah, they beat us, but it felt like we deserved to be there. And not only that, but it felt like we came up short and the better team actually did not win. I think that everybody on that team, the underclassmen realized that “We can play with these guys. We’re the real deal.” The confidence from a loss usually doesn’t come very often, but after that loss it felt like they went back to the drawing board the next year and really created something special.
Q: Do you recall any specific moments in the locker room after that game?
GA: It wasn’t much fun. It was awfully quiet. Coach Osborne came in and his talk was short. He told us he was proud of us and I don’t really think he was in the mood for talking. You could just tell that he was just as crushed as everybody else on the team because it was such a rollercoaster, such an emotional game. You’re in it and out of it, just up and down. His comments were pretty brief and to the point, but he still said he was proud of us and he still congratulated the team for their effort and everything.
Brett Popplewell awaiting the snap
Q: Anything specific about that night stand out to you to this day?
GA: I was having a lot of fun. The guys I was going up against were just monsters. Their ends were 6’4” and 6’5” and they were 240 and 250, just monsters. I remember them talking some noise the first down or two, and after I got up under their chin a couple times that ended real quick.
But I do recall one play where we did a rollout and I did a delay flat, went out five yards, and Frazier tucked the ball and started running and I got just a beautiful line on this one defensive end and came in on him and knocked his helmet clean off. And I picked it up and gave it to him… and man, that made him angry! (laughs)
I mean, it was a war out there. It was a blast. I don’t think for one minute that we felt intimidated or scared by what they were doing or their size and their jawing. We were prepared for it and in every part of the game, mentally and physically, we were ready to play. And we left it out on the field. That’s about it. After the game, it’s just a blur. You’re just kind of numb for a while. That’s what I remember.
Q: Being your last game, I can only guess what you went through. With a 1:16 left you guys were all jumping up and down on the sidelines thinking it was clinched and then minutes later that joy was dashed, only to have one last shot at kicking the winning field goal as time expired. Were you on the last field goal detail there?
GA: I was on the left end. I was out there and there wasn’t anybody over me, so I just went through the motions and turned my head right and blocked down my gap. And without hesitation I looked up and the ball was about halfway there and I knew at that point it wasn’t even close, so I just started walking off the field, and that was it. (laughs)
Q: Do you recall Byron? Any guys giving him consolation?
GA: No, I don’t remember. I thought Byron was a nice enough guy. I know that he did get some of that and he shouldn’t have felt too bad about it. That was his dream, too. He didn’t do that on purpose.
Q: Heck, he hit that field goal with a minute sixteen to go. He thought his job was done for the night.
GA: Exactly. No ill will toward Byron. That guy had a heck of a leg and he made plenty of field goals during the year. And like you said, he hit one towards the end. That’s a good lesson for everybody: win or lose, there’s more to life than football.
David Seizys: jubilation…Byron Bennett: business as usual.
Q: More to life than football?! (laughs) Speaking of lessons, what was your major, Gerald?
GA: I got my degree in Psychology with a minor in Sociology.
Q: What did you see yourself doing with that degree? Did you have an idea?
GA: In one word, no. (laughs) I tell you what, that was my struggle throughout college. I was one of those guys who wanted to do everything and didn’t know what direction to go. So when I got out of college I knew how to work and I knew labor, so I started working for a guy in construction and started to figure things out. And seven years later I started my own construction company.
Q: That’s cool. What did you hope to see, to do, to achieve? From a personal standpoint, being a walk-on to a warrior as a senior on the football team, what was your motivation?
GA: That’s a pretty nice compliment, I appreciate that.
Well, I don’t know what I wanted to achieve. It’s pretty interesting, because I’m not a big stat guy (and one of my friends can rattle off stats of Nebraska football players like a lot of Nebraska fans can), but I’m not that type of person. I just liked the sport. You just see some of these guys -regardless of what it is they’re successful at- I don’t know if it’s them knowing they’re going to succeed or if it’s a combination of that and their desire to make it happen and never say “No.”
I was just talking to a guy about a week ago about my little nephew wanting to have some candy, and his Mom said, “No.” So I had to tell him, ‘No, you’re mom says you can’t have any candy now.’ And an older gentleman at the table said to me, “You just wait. He’ll be back. You can’t crush the spirit of a kid.” He said, “If that would have been an adult, he would have just been crushed and walked away.” And I thought about that. And it’s so true. That spirit inside… some people, there’s certain things that they were meant to do and there’s just hardly anything that’s going to stop them from achieving it. For some reason I think I had that in me when it came to Nebraska football.
Q: Interesting. And let me piggyback onto that… It seems the team that ’93 year and then leading to ’94, ’95 and further on, it seemed Nebraska had a bunch of guys who had the mindset of, “We will not be denied.” Instead of wallowing in the misery of that loss, they instead got ‘pissed off’ and the next year said, “We are taking it! And no one’s going to stop us! Nobody!” Would you agree?
GA: Oh yeah, it was pretty obvious. It was “back to the drawing board” and “how are we gonna win it next year?” It wasn‘t, “Are we going to be good enough to win ten games, eleven games?” It was, “We’re going to take it this time. And this time we’re the big dogs on the block.” So, absolutely, that’s the way it was.
To be continued….
Copyright @ 2013 Thermopylae Press. All Rights Reserved.
Photo Credits : Unknown Original Sources/Updates Welcomed
Author assumes no responsibility for interviewee errors or misstatements of fact.
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Is marking up the street with chalk a crime?That's what some parents in Doylestown are wondering after 18 year old Connor Logan and a 17-year-old friend were slapped with summonses Tuesday for drawing sketches of sea turtles and a whale with chalk in the middle of North Clinton Street. POLL: Do you believe drawing in chalk on a public street is a criminal act?
Doylestown police Chief James Donnelly says although chalk washes off, the drawings are "an attempt at vandalism."
"I don't feel like I was doing anything wrong," said Connor Logan. "I was just drawing."Did the cops have to write a ticket? "What that seems like is they have nothing else better to do. You know they got to really nitpick," said Ian Bradley. Not so, says the police chief. "A 6 year old in the middle of the street or on the sidewalk drawing with chalk is not a crime. But you know, you're in the middle of the street at midnight and 18 years old and you're drawing, well that leads to some question," said Chief Jim Donnelly. After a series of graffiti incidents in the borough, Logan's art attack raised a red flag, which he gets. "If I had seen two kids doing that I obviously would have been suspicious," Logan said. But some think being issued a summons for criminal mischief goes too far. "I think definitely the cop should have stopped and maybe told them to take a walk and that should have been the extent of it," said Mike Cosdon. The chief says he'll talk with the officer who wrote the tickets to see if there's more to the story, and review the citations to see if criminal mischief is the appropriate charge. "I'm going to deal with it," Logan said. "I'm just going to pay it; it's going to be okay." Meanwhile, future criminals are flooding the streets flaunting the law with their multi-colored instruments of crime. "This is artistic expression at its best," says Katie Jones. The teens face summary citations, which come with a fine to be determined by a district judge.
The drawings already have been washed away by rain.Logan tells the newspaper that he found the chalk in the parking lot Tuesday night while waiting for friends. He says he's never done graffiti and thought his drawings were "harmless."
Information from: The Intelligencer
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Albert R Lyman Middle School is proud to present Don Zolidis’ one-act play, The Greek Mythology Olympiaganza. This clever spoof promises to keep the audience laughing from beginning to end.
Two narrators take the spectators on a thrilling journey from Zeus defeating Kronos and his Titans to the Pandora’s Box to Jason and the Argonauts (with the creepy side story of Medea) to Eurydice and Orpheus’ experiences with Hades in the underworld to the final scene, The Iliad.
There are 30 student actors, and they have practiced every day after school for the last month.
In that time, they have memorized their lines and their blocking, and they have also learned to work as a team. In addition to the actors, Mr. Lloyd’s art students are involved in creating vivid scenery and props.
All their hard work and creativity will be showcased on Thursday, April 3, on ARL’s stage at 7 p.m. for opening night. They will also perform a 1:30 p.m. matinee on Friday, April 4, with the final performance at 7 p.m. that evening. Everyone is invited to come and enjoy the wonderful energy of the talented students. No admission fee, but donations are appreciated.
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Tools & Trades
The Aurora Colony at Work
Although basket-making is not listed as a colony occupation in the census, the importance of this craft at Aurora is best illustrated by the large number of surviving baskets and styles. Perhaps this is explained by the fact that the colonists did not consider it a primary job, but rather as an everyday activity conducted as a colony activity for their own uses. Baskets were crafted for gathering fruits and vegetables, carrying laundry, raising dough and other similar tasks. They are well-made and are reminiscent of other German styles that occur in eastern American communities.
An Interesting Fact
Oral tradition indicates that Aurora’s many baskets were primarily crafted by men and that John Ehlen (1799-1882) was the leader of the crew. Ehlen is always listed as a farmer in the census, an occupation that would allow for a lot of time during the off season to work on baskets.
Distinctive Style of Baskets
Even though Aurora baskets have a wide variety of rims and bindings they are usually quite easy to spot. A rim was either single wrapped with splint or double wrapped for additional strength. This double wrapping is quite common and is known as an X binding. The larger baskets often feature an open weave because it allowed any moisture or water to run off and air to circulate within the basket.
The leading Aurora Colony Blacksmith after 1863 was William Fry. He and his wife Anna lived in a colony house that still stands on the northwest corner of Main and Second Streets. This house, dated to 1874, was built next to the Aurora Colony Blacksmith shop which Fry managed and continued to operate until his death well after the colony ended.
The Practical Needs
Much of the colony blacksmith work centered on items that were made for home and wagon construction such as nails, hinges, and iron tires for the wooden rims. There is also extensive evidence of the manufacture and repair of horse shoes and oxen shoes.
Innovation and Adaptability
Perhaps the most interesting aspect of the blacksmith work was the application of innovation to existing or purchased products. A handle to operate the apple peeler was adapted to work for a seed broadcaster.
It is a mark of their high level of skill that many former colonists made very good livings at their trade after the colony ended. There also is plenty of evidence that they did small jobs on the side for non-members.
As with all jobs within the colony there were several men trained to work as blacksmiths. And all of them had a variety of other skills. By far the colonists made more tinware than ironware and there is evidence that several of the blacksmiths worked with a variety of metals.
Willie Keil’s Coffin
The most famous example of this occurred in 1855 when the Colony blacksmith and tinsmiths manufactured the lead-lined casket that carried Willie Keil’s body safely to Willapa, Washington where the boy was finally buried after six months on the Oregon Trail.
John Will, a Bavarian immigrant of 1839, was a professional stone brick-mason and built many of the flues, fireplaces and bake ovens for Keil’s colony. The last bake oven built by his hands was at the Hubbard Mineral Springs.
The First Brickyard
The Colony’s first brickyard was at the Yost place and it dated to just after great migration of 1863. As foreman John Will would have been very busy for the next several years as the colonists constructed a church, a hotel, a general store, a drugstore and a variety of homes for the new arrivals to Aurora. This was almost a period of forced production and all of the craftsmen worked even into the evening by candlelight.
From the John Will family records we learn that many younger members of his family took apprenticeships in a variety of colony shops such as the tannery, the woolen mill or the cabinet shop. In this way the colonists learned a variety of skills that often allowed them to work interchangeably.
Work and Community
It was while John Will was working on the fireplace at the John Giesy house in 1964 that he had a famous conversation with Dr. Keil who, because of the death of four of his children, had been very lethargic and uninvolved in the day to day activities within the colony. Keil came off the hill down to the work site where John Will confronted him with “We came to Aurora to be with you!”
Catherine and Caroline Kreiter baked bread for the bachelors and others who lived in the Gross Haus” as well as working at the colony glove factory, sewing gloves and other leather goods.
Gertrude Schuele learned tailoring. This was her part in the colony, leather gloves that were also sold in eastern markets. It was her pride that her children were so well-dressed.
A.H. Will worked in the Schriner shop—finishing shop at Aurora.—He made the smooth finished panel doors; John Scholl also worked there—he did much of the special tooled work of the church.
John Will did his own turning—his spool beds were made of ash.
Johaan Diedrich Ehlen, Adam Schuele and Ludwig Schwader were basket makers.
Henry Ehlen, his son, was a maker of fine clarinet reeds.
William J. Miller worked as a wagonmaker and wheelwright.
George Wolfer was a Cooper by trade—He selected from the well-cured hardwood stockpile at Aurora—the shed-cured stuff, oak whip stock, oak singletree and doubletree stock, shovel handle, oak wagon hoops, an ash wagon tongue—the larger stuff was stored under the wagon shed roof—the smaller stuff stood on end (heavy end down) in the corner where the schnitzel-bank ( the dressing down bench) and the turning lathe stood.
The whip stock was dressed down and tapered beautifully small and neat—we used some to make bows for small boys—not enough snap to be used by the older boys. We used ironwood—known to you probably as ninebark or swamp snowball—or hazel or a heavy growth Indian arrow wood. Oak was used for singletrees and doubletrees—because it had the necessary spring and would not snap break (like ash) under heavy strain—Whip stock when finished was fitted with a five foot leather ribbon throng generally split at the end.
Ash, walnut, oak, maple, etc selected for furniture—-cut in early fall to early winter. Logs were squared, cut into heavy pieces, stack weather cured, cut later into more useable pieces and again time shed cured—flax and resin oils were much used in finishing.
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I wasn't satisfied just by indulging in this yummy treat despite its heavenly crisp outer layer. I needed to find out how it came about so that I can fully enjoy everything about it. I soon discovered from this site that churros were in fact invented by shepherds residing in the mountains of Spain. Back then, churros were cooked in a pan over an open fire. They resembled breadsticks and were eaten either plain or rolled in cinnamon sugar.
Today, one of the most popular ways of eating churros is by dunking them in hot chocolate. The sauce adds sweetness to the otherwise flavorless, fried pastry making the Churros con Chocolate an undeniable favorite worldwide.
Whenever I'm craving for this popular dessert, I usually dash to the nearest Dulcinea branch to satisfy my guilty pleasure. For me, this particular resto is able to capture everything I want in my favorite spiral-shaped treat. Their churros are indeed crunchy yet cake-like in the inside. And when dunked in the hot, rich choco sauce, I can't help but ask for more. I'm not at all surprised that this remains to be Dulcinea's most popular dessert to date.
Churros con Chocolate is available at all Dulcinea branches for Php 95.
To find out the nearest Dulcinea branch near your place, please click this.
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- MFG # 7800
- UPC # 780053000461
Bioflavonoids are micro-nutrients that you can get from fruits and vegetables. They’re not naturally produced by your body (instead‚ they’re contained in plant parts)‚ but they’re essential to your health. It’s possible that their antioxidant properties are greater than those of most vitamins and minerals. Antioxidants are substances that fight the damaging effects of harmful free radicals inside your body; free radicals are often formed when you’re stressed‚ sick‚ exposed to pollution‚ or eating a poor diet.
An antioxidant deficiency can make your immune system weak. Potential signs of a lack of antioxidants in your diet include weakness‚ fatigue‚ recurring cough and colds‚ trouble absorbing nutrients‚ dizziness‚ mood swings‚ and general discomfort. There’s no known test to determine the levels of antioxidants inside your body‚ but you may want to consider consulting a doctor if you’re experiencing any of these symptoms.
In 1948‚ a French scientist discovered pycnogenol‚ a group of bioflavonoids derived from the bark of a maritime pine tree. Pycnogenol in modern times has been considered a potent antioxidant and metabolic substance that may improve overall well-being. Since that tree extract is the only known source‚ you’ll need to take it in the form of a supplement like Biotics Research’s Bio-Cyanidins.
Each tablet provides potent antioxidants that may help treat antioxidant deficiency. It contains natural ingredients and is unlikely to have major harmful side effects. Bio-Cyanidins also contains grape seed extract‚ which has been added due to its rich bioflavonoid content and support for maximized aborption of pycogenol.
This 60-bottle tablet of Bio-Cyanidins by Biotics Research should last for 30 to 60 days if you take the recommended dosage of one tablet‚ once or twice daily.
Biotics Research is committed to formulating and manufacturing innovative supplements. Its research and development arm is at the forefront of new developments in clinical nutrition‚ discovering and analyzing the benefits of new ingredients. In addition‚ all products supplied by Biotics Research have been shown to be effective and safe.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These products are not meant to diagnose‚ treat or cure any disease or medical condition. Please consult your doctor before starting any exercise or nutritional supplement program or before using these or any product during pregnancy or if you have a serious medical condition.
Serving Size: 1 Tablet
Amount Per Serving / % DV
Pycnogenol® (Maritime Pine Bark Extract) 15mg / *
Grape Seed Extract (95% OPCs) 35mg / *
*Daily Value not established.
Other Ingredients: Cellulose‚ calcium carbonate‚ stearic acid (vegetable source)‚ magnesium stearate (vegetable source) and modified cellulose gum.
This product is Gluten-Free and Dairy-Free.
One (1) tablet one (1) to two (2) times each day as a dietary supplement or as otherwise directed by a healthcare professional.
Keep out of reach of children.
Store in a cool‚ dry area.
Sealed with an imprinted safety seal for your protection.
Allergy / Dietary Needs
- Dairy Free
- Gluten Free
Ratings & ReviewsReview This Item
Overall Rating for Bio-Cyanidins® - 60 Tablets
from st augustine florida
My Dr perscribes Bio-Cyanidins for me and it helps me very m uch!!
√ I would recommend this item to a friend.
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Additionally, PureFormulas is unable to directly recommend products in relation to specific health conditions. Please contact your trusted healthcare practitioner for direct product recommendations.
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If you are pregnant, nursing, taking any medications or have any medical condition, consult your doctor before use. Your healthcare professional is the best source for guidance before beginning an exercise or nutritional supplement program.Please log in to submit a question log in
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So, Why Does My Doodle Dog Urinate So Much? You might have thought that after potty training, you would never have to think about your dog’s pee again. This may be something you don’t pay close attention to, if at all. Then one day, you find yourself thinking, “Is my dog suddenly urinating frequently?” This can be a great question to ask, and something every Doodle owner can monitor. You can tell a lot about a dog’s health through their toilet habits. Let’s talk about all the possible reasons your Doodle dog may be urinating more.
It is essential that while the internet can be a great source of information, none of it should be used to diagnose and treat your dog. There are many possible reasons that your dog could be peeing more frequently. If you ever have doubts or concerns, call your trusted veterinarian immediately. They are trained professionals that have tests and equipment needed for a full diagnosis.
What Is A Normal Frequency & Amount?
Your question is, “Why is my dog suddenly peeing a lot?” But, do you know what is considered a healthy amount for dogs? The average dog goes to the bathroom every 4-8 hours. Larger dogs have a larger bladder so that they can hold it longer than a small dog. So a full-grown adult dog should be able to hold their pee through the night and while you are at work.
Your puppy, on the other hand, will need more frequent potty breaks throughout the day. An excellent rule for puppies is that they need a potty break every hour per month of age. So if your puppy is only three months, he will only be able to hold his bladder for 3 hours. If he is going longer between potty breaks, this can give the illusion that he is peeing larger amounts. Giving him extra time outside taking care of business will help reduce the volume and chances of a bladder infection.
So, we have discussed how often they should be going, but what about amounts per potty? A dog should urinate 10-20 mL per pound a day. So a dog that is 10 lbs can pee anywhere from 100-200 mL per day. For a 10 pound dog, that is 6-12 tablespoons of pee throughout the day. Most of our Doodles are much larger than this, so it may seem like they are peeing a lot more.
On average, a dog of any size will need to have 3-5 potty breaks throughout the day. Does your dog pee more than this? Let’s next take a look at the urine itself.
What Should Normal Urine Look Like?
If your puppy is peeing a lot suddenly, you might want to take a look at his urine. If the urine looks normal, then the chances are that there is nothing medically wrong. But, what does normal urine look like?
Normal dog urine is clear to a light, bright yellow with a slight smell. It should not smell intense or dark yellow to brown as these can be a sign of dehydration or infection. Your dog should also never struggle to pee or be in pain. Should you notice any discomfort, this could be a sign of something more serious. If you ever see any blood in the urine, this can be signs of severe illness or disease, and you should seek medical attention immediately.
If your Doodle has been drinking a lot of water, chances are their pee is very clear. This is from being very hydrated and not having a strong concentration of urates. But, if your dog has not been consuming large amounts of water and their pee is clear, it is best to be checked by a vet. Clear urine could mean the kidneys are not filtering urates, and the build-up can cause renal failure.
Causes Of Frequent Urination
Now that we have discussed the frequency and appearance, let’s look at why is your Doodle dog urinating more.
Drinking More Than Usual
The first reason your Doodle may be peeing more than usual is that he is drinking more. Your Doodle should be drinking one ounce of water per pound of body weight. But, your dog could be drinking more for several reasons like:
- Increase in activity level
- Increase in thirst due to medications
- underlying medical conditions
In cases such as an increase in activity, it is only natural that your dog will drink and pee more. This will go away, though by the time regular activity is resumed. If your dog is overheated, he may even drink more water to cool down. Since Doodles have thick hair, it is best to keep them inside during the hot summer months.
If your dog is on medications, you may want to look at all side effects. Some medications can cause frequent urination or increased water intake. If this is the case, you may want to talk to your vet about switching medications if it becomes too much. But if your dog seems fine, and the urination isn’t a problem, switching may be unnecessary.
If none of these possible reasons explain the increase in urination, it may be time to look at Doodle Dog urinating warnings.
- Bladder infections
- Kidney disease
- Liver disease
- Cushing’s disease
- Renal failure
- And diabetes
While all of these can cause more frequent urination, the only way to get tested is by a veterinarian. Certain Doodles can be prone to getting these diseases, so it is vital to take them seriously. The sooner you can get a diagnosis; the faster your Doodle will start feeling better.
At these appointments, they may ask questions about the frequency, look, and smell of the urine. The vet may even ask for a urine sample or extract one through a needle. Testing the urine and blood can give a great indicator if any levels are off.
A quick diagnosis also increases the chances of them living a long and healthy life.
There is a saying for people that goes, “We begin the world in diapers, and leave it the same way.” The same can be true for dogs. Dogs who are younger pee in smaller amounts throughout the day. And older dogs can’t hold their pee as long as they used to. They can even start to have accidents in the house, leading to incontinence.
If your puppy seems to pee a lot, monitor how much they are drinking and how often they pee. If they are within normal ranges, more potty breaks may be needed until they mature. At any sign that there may be something wrong, contact your vet for proper care and diagnosis.
Older dogs who develop incontinence need to be seen by a vet. While sometimes this is normal behavior with age, it can also be a sign of illness. If the vet finds nothing medically wrong, he may prescribe medications to help. They also make lovely pet diapers for throughout the night or when you are at work to prevent accidents.
Do Dogs Pee Out Of Spite?
For some pet owners, you may have exhausted all efforts as to why your dog pees so much. It can disrupt your life if you are regularly cleaning up accidents and taking your dog for potty breaks. You may be wondering if our dog is peeing out of spite.
Rest assured that dogs do not pee in the house just to spite you. If your dog is peeing in the house, there is more of a psychological problem. Your Doodle could be peeing to mark their territory. In this case, you would want to make sure all pets are spayed or neutered first. Then you will want to get a special cleaner that will prevent marking in the house.
On the opposite side of the spectrum, your Doodle could be peeing out of submission. Using positive reinforcement will help your dog understand that you are not trying to dominate them, as this causes the submissive behavior. Never yell or hit your dog for bad behavior because this will increase the accidents.
Your Doodle could also be urinating out of stress or anxiety. Evaluating your home situation may all that needs to be done. If your dog spends a lot of time at home, get them out of the house more often for walks and activities. Doodles also love mental stimulation, so adding a daily training session or puzzles to their routine can help perk them up.
Doodles are also very in tune with our emotions. They sense when things are not right, and that can also stress them out. Take some time every day and reassure them that things are ok. Remember that they thrive off our interactions and approval, and you can use this to your advantage.
Your puppy peeing a lot suddenly should never be taken lightly. While there are lots of signs that your dog is ok, there are signs that they may not be. You should always evaluate your Doodle dog urinating warnings, and make an appointment for them ASAP. It is better to be safe than sorry. The faster you can get your dog treatment, the faster their recovery will be.
Below is a Pinterest friendly photo…. so you can pin it to your Doodle Board!!
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Our success stories encompass a wide variety of implementation models and best practices, from lecture-based to emporium labs to course redesigns. The flexibility of ALEKS made it simple and effective for these schools to improve their student success rates, and they are willing to share their strategies.
Granite State College, NH
4 Year Baccalaureate-Granting College / Public
Scenario: I use ALEKS in a traditional course without a textbook.
Purpose: Core Curriculum
ALEKS Course: Prep for Beginning Algebra
Michelle Hamlin, Professor
What challenges did your students or institution face prior to using ALEKS?
I could not individualize instruction to meet my students' needs. They were at different places with respect to their knowledge of math.
Was ALEKS used in your course with all students or with targeted students?
Number of students who used ALEKS for the course and term:
Number of sections: 4
Total students enrolled in this ALEKS course: 12
How do you structure your course periods with ALEKS?
My class is three and a half hours long. I present a generic lesson for approximately 45 minutes and then students go online with ALEKS. During this time I go around to each student to review their work one-on-one for the remainder of the class time.
How often are students encouraged or required to use ALEKS?
Hours per week: 10
Hours per term: 85
Please describe how you implement ALEKS into your course curriculum.
Lecture followed by ALEKS time.
How often do you use the ALEKS Instructor Module?
I use the Instructor Module frequently throughout the term.
How do you incorporate ALEKS Quizzes into your course?
I use the individualized worksheets as quizzes since each student is at a different level.
How do you incorporate ALEKS homework assignments into your course?
Students are required to spend a total of 10 hours per week on ALEKS.
Which ALEKS course product(s) have you used in the past?
Basic Math, Pre-Algebra, Prep for Beginning Algebra
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A young oriental man (probably in his mid 30s) and I were seated in a bright room talking about our lives. I had been somewhat directionless lately, but I thought perhaps my companion had been profitably using his time, maybe by writing poetry. As we talked I realized that we were very similar and that we had had common experiences.
When he told me how he had once made a list of the important relationships which he had shared with people, I spurted out, "I did that too!." I quickly thought, however, that I was interrupting him and that I should let him tell his story.
Nevertheless, I soon began relating what I had discovered when I had examined my own relationships with people. I told him when I had been in my late 20s I had left my father and my mother, and I had thought that my relationships with them had reached an end. I told him that I had considered those relationships "passé." I put emphasis on the word "passé" because I knew it was borrowed from French and I thought the man, being able to speak French, would appreciate my use of the word.
I continued saying, however, that I had later listed and examined my relationships and that I had realized that my relationships with my parents were on top of my list and that they remained my two most important relationships. I felt I was always welcome at my parents' homes and I didn't feel like an intruder with them. It was as if I could always live with my parents without feeling as if I were imposing. My companion asked, "So you went back?"
I told him I had returned. I wanted to be sure to explain that I hadn't gone back to live with my parents, since I thought I couldn't actually live with them – I had merely wanted to visit them. I then wanted to explain that I had had the same type of experience with my step-grandfather Clarence and my grandmother Mabel. I felt as if I could always stay with them without feeling as if I were imposing or depleting their possessions. A slight feeling still remained, however, that I did to some small extent (such as wear on the carpet) put wear on their possessions – wear which would be noticed by those who inherited their possessions.
Dream Epics Home Page
Copyright 2011 by firstname.lastname@example.org
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1. a coming into place, view, or being; arrival
2. the coming of Christ into the world.
3. the period beginning four Sundays before Christmas, observed in commemoration of the coming of Christ into the world.
my friend kevin found this site which gave us some great ideas that we're using in our services at wellspring over the next few weeks:
i'm also going on hiatus from writing the blessing during this advent time...while i get my life together.so instead, i leave you with brian mclaren's new creed...check out his new book too, ken recommended it & we're beginning to read it in our small group. i'm really digging it.
everything must changethe justice creed♥
we believe that the living God is just
and that the true and living God loves justice.
God delights in just laws and rejoices in just people.
God sides with those who are oppressed by injustice,
and stands against oppressors.
God is grieved by unjust people and the unjust systems they create and sustain.
God blesses those who hunger and thirst for justice,
and God’s kingdom belongs to those willing to be persecuted for the sake of justice.
to God, justice is a weighty thing which can never be ignored.
we believe that Jesus, the liberating king, came to free humanity from injustice and to display the justice of God,
in word and deed, in life, death, and resurrection.
the justice which God desires, Jesus taught must surpass that of the hypocrites.
for the justice of God is a compassionate justice,
rich in mercy and abounding in love
for the last, the least, the lost and the outcast.
on his cross, Jesus drew the injustice of humanity into the light,
and there the heartless injustice of human empire met.
the reconciling justice of the kingdom of God.
the resurrection of Jesus proclaims that the true justice of God- naked, vulnerable, and scarred by abuse is stronger than the violent, injustice of humanity armed with weapons, conceit, deceit, and lies.
we believe that the Holy Spirit is here now,
convicting the world of sin and justice,
warning that God’s judgment will come on all that is unjust.
we believe that the kingdom of God is justice, peace, and joy in the holy spirit. empowered by the Spirit,
then we seek first God’s Kingdom and God’s justice.
for the world as it is has not yet become the world as God desires it to be...
and so we live and work and pray until justice rolls down like water...
and flows strong and free like a never failing stream.
for we believe that the living God is just and that the true and living God loves justice.Amen.
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ITALY, TUSCANY: The Spirit of the Ancient Etruscans – To be announced
The Etruscans ruled over an area of Italy called Etruria between 900BC – 300BC (better known today as Tuscany). At the height of their power (c. 500 B.C.), they dominated Italy from the Po river in the north to central Campania building 12 great cities around a ritual center.
This mysterious religious culture worshiped the Earth Mother and are believed by some historians to have founded Western civilization until the Roman Empire usurped them and destroyed their sacred cities. Only in the last two hundred years have their secrets come to light revealing mysterious pyramids, rock-cut temples, passages and tombs.
Highlights of our Journey:
- Ancient temples, tombs and rock-cut passages in the spectacular and beautiful Valley of the Etruscan Kings accompanied by local expert and author of Etruscan mysteries; Giovanni Feo.
- Strange rock-cut temples that resemble Petra.
- Magnificent megalithic and polygonal walls of lost and abandoned towns.
- The Grail church of the Etruscans and a Cistercian Abbey.
- Guest leaders Gary Biltcliffe + Caroline Hoare who are dedicated to historical research and investigation of earth mysteries, dowsing ancient sites, and uncovering lost knowledge and early folklore.
We’ll stay for four nights in the ancient medieval town of Tarquinia, the capital city of the Etruscans and visit the most spectacular painted tombs outside of Egypt.
The last three days will be based around the magnificent Renaissance city of Siena where we will connect the dragon lines of the Apollo/St Michael alignment and visit the spectacular medieval hilltop town of Volterra and see the “Sword in the Rock” at San Golgano Abbey.
Pre-Tour Ancient Italian Mysteries extension
Just southeast of Rome (as well as other areas) there are some remarkable polygonal walls underlying later Etruscan and Roman building. The construction is similar to that found in some sites in Greece, Turkey and South America, and it is similarly mis-dated and not recognized for what it is. Could this use of massive blocks of stone, so accurately cut and fitted together, be a legacy of the mysterious Pelasgi, a race said to have founded Greek civilization and colonized Italy in the Bronze Age?
This section of the tour is much more of an exploratory adventure in the countryside of Italy and of the history of civilization. We will be exploring lesser visited sites as well as a lost city, an ancient oracle site, renowned temples and citadels. Join us as we look for evidence to rewrite history.
This 5-day pre-tour add-on will include 4 nights in Ferentino visiting hilltop towns with panoramic views, and megalithic structures in the hills to the east of Rome.
Post-Tour Magnificent Florence & Venice extension
No visit to Italy would be complete without some time spent in the magnificent romantic cities of Florence and Venice, both World Heritage Sites.
Florence is the capital city of Tuscany and considered by many to be one of the most beautiful cities in the world. It was a major center of trade, art and power in the Middle Ages and the birthplace of the Italian Renaissance. Its fine historic buildings house over eighty museums and art galleries and the names of the Duomo, the Ponte Vecchio and the Uffizi are world renowned.
Venice truly is unique! There are no cars in this roadless city, replaced instead by boats and gondolas on the spiders web of canals. The city is built on over a hundred tiny islands connected by pedestrian bridges so its the perfect place for wandering the narrow streets and alleys on foot.
You’ll never know what’s around the next corner as you come upon an ancient church, a plaza or another bridge. Stop in at an art gallery, a canal-side restaurant or a converted palace. Wandering aimlessly has never been so much fun!
This section of the tour will be less structured with plenty of free time to explore on your own timescale the aspects of these cities that appeal to you. There will be optional guided tours offered and we can meet up together as a group to share some meals so that we can maintain the relationships that have built up during the main tour whilst also allowing you the freedom to choose what to see and do in cities with so much to offer.
The 5-day post-tour add-on will include 2 nights in magnificent Florence and 2 nights in the unique city of Venice.
OUR BEAUTIFUL ITINERARIES!
Ancient Italian Mysteries Tour extension (5 days/4 nights)
Sept 21- 25, 2014
Day 1 – 21st Sept (b/-/d) – Ferentino, the Lost city of the Gods
Collection from Rome international airport and drive to Ferentino and stay four nights in a hotel a short walk from the town. Ferentino is a picture-postcard walled medieval hilltown at 1300ft above sea level, 40 miles southeast of Rome. (1 hour) There are three circuits of megalithic walls around the town containing layers dating from medieval, Roman, Etruscan/Hernici and earlier.
They are amongst the finest examples of polygonal walls to be seen in Italy, consisting of giant sized blocks of irregular masonry laid without mortar. We will see for ourselves the colossal size of the blocks within these walls and visit the acropolis containing a medieval cathedral within its walls. Late afternoon/evening tour of the town and introduction to the tour. Dinner at the hotel.
Day 2 – 22nd Sept (b/-/-) – The Delphi of Italy
Today we visit Palestrina and the great Sanctuary of the Goddess with its magnificent ancient walls. This quaint, sleepy little town high in the mountains south of Rome was once a favorite retreat of the Roman emperors. Today the importance of this town has been forgotten and ignored by tourists, however, the entire town is built over and into the ruins of an enormous ancient temple called Praeneste.
Legends say the temple was founded by Ulysses and it was known throughout ancient Italy as an oracle, like Delphi in Greece. Many cultures have built a temple here over the ruins of the previous, including a temple to Fortuna Primigenia (Fortuna the First Bearer) the Etruscan Goddess. Here we will visit the impressive large museum built within the ruined temple complex and see the impressive walls from different periods. Free-choice dinner not included.
Day 3 – 23rd Sept (b/-/d) – The Italian Troy and the Giants Gate
This morning we drive to the spectacular ancient citadel of Norba, which appears to hang in the air 1575 ft above sea-level on the western edge of the Volscian Mountains. This remarkable site with spectacular views of the surrounding countryside was built from sparkling white limestone and contains a unique polygonal round tower.
Some refer to Norba as the great white city of the Latin’s, the Troy of Italy, built by Aeneas and the survivors of the Trojan War. Later it became the capital city of the Celtic Volscians, the enemies of Rome. Picnic lunch at Norba or a nearby café restaurant.
Afternoon visit to the beautiful ancient hilltop town of Segni, once a colony established by the great Tarquin, the 7th Etruscan King of Rome. Here we will visit the great polygonal walls with their unique and colossal megalithic gates with scenic mountain views. Dinner at the hotel.
Day 4 – 24th Sept (b/-/-) – Alatri and the Polygonal Sun Temple
We visit the great acropolis of Alatri which has the finest polygonal walls in Italy. We will walk the complete circuit of polygonal walls around this picturesque hilltop town and its high citadel, shaped like a geometrical castle. The walls here are the highest in Italy and contain colossal blocks of stone such as the lintel in Porta Maggiore that weighs over 50 tons and is among the most remarkable megalithic constructions in Europe.
There is also an unusual ancient phallic carving over one megalithic trilithon doorway and the shape of the acropolis has revealed astrological alignments. Lunch outside in the Citadel Café with spectacular views or a local restaurant. The afternoon has been left available for another visit or linger at Alatri. Free-choice dinner not included.
Day 5 – 25th Sept (b/-/d)
Depart for Spirit of the Etruscans Tour or Rome Airport.
The Spirit of the Etruscans Tour 2014
Sept 25-Oct 2, 2014 (8 days/7 nights)
Day 1 – Thurs 25th Sept
Pick up from Rome airport and check in to hotel for 4 nights in the Etruscan town of Tarquinia, one hour drive from Rome Fiumicino/Leonardo Da Vinci airport. Spend the rest of the day relaxing and meeting others. Dinner at the hotel.
There will be an optional afternoon trip to the Etruscan Necropolis of Cerveteri. Cerveteri once belonged to the now vanished Etruscan city of Caere and is the largest ancient necropolis in the Mediterranean area and a World Heritage Site. This enormous prehistoric cemetery dating from 900BC contains various types of tombs, including mounds, square houses and caves. Some have detailed and colored paintings depicting Etruscan life and religion.
Day 2 – Fri 26th Sept (b/-/-) – The Great Etruscan Cities
The day begins with an introduction to the mysterious Etruscan culture at the famous National Etruscan Museum in Tarquinia set in a beautiful villa and gardens. Lunch in Tarquinia. We then walk a short distance to the site of the ancient capital city of the Etruscans and its necropolis that has some of the most spectacular painted tombs outside of ancient Egypt.
Before the building of Rome, when the shores of the Tiber were inhabited by a group of mud and straw huts, Tarquinia, the capital of the Etruscans, equaled the power and magnificence of Athens. It was a beautiful, lively, colorful city, filled with riches and refined opulent houses. Yet strangely, Tarquinia was lost to history and only came to light two hundred years ago, buried beneath the fertile fields of Lazio. Free-choice dinner not included.
Day 3 – Sat 27th Sept (b/-/d) – The Etruscan Valley of the Kings
Today is spent in the medieval hilltop towns of Sovana and Saturnia set in the beautiful Tufa valley. Here we will meet guide and author on many books on the Etruscan mysteries Geovanni Feo who will accompany us for the day around the mysterious Etruscan Valley of the Kings. This sacred area has many rock-cut tombs, temples carved out of solid rock, the most impressive of which is the Ildebranda tomb, a smaller version of the Treasury at Petra in Jordan.
The most mysterious features of this area are the Via Cave or rock-cut passages. They are of an enormous size up to 20 meters high and as little as 2 meters wide traveling for half a kilometer. There function is a mystery, but they appear to be passages of the dead, sacred routes of ritual procession associated with the Etruscan necropolis. Sovana once belonged to the Knights Templar and the ruins of a convent houses one of their temples. There are many medieval building of historical interest here set in narrow cobbled streets including a remarkable early Christian Romanesque gothic church with early carvings.
Saturnia has pre-Roman megalithic polygonal wall made from massive blocks of polygon shaped volcanic stones. There are also strange, ancient dolmen-shaped tombs resembling those found in Britain. Dinner at the hotel.
Day 4 – Sun 28th Sept (b/-/-) – Tuscania and the Mysterious Rock-cut Temples
We start the day with a drive to the beautiful historic hilltop town of Tuscania one of the most photographed places in Italy with many medieval towers set within the rolling hills of Tuscany. It was once an important Etruscan town and the ancient Romanesque church stands on the remains of an Etruscan temple and houses a museum displaying sarcophagi that the Etruscans manufactured in the town.
Afternoon visit to the remote spooky valley of Norchia that contains strange Etruscan temple tombs carved out of the cliff faces. Norchia was once an Etruscan city but all that remains are the cliff tombs with unusual carved façades and cornices. We can also explore the scant ruins of a medieval ghost town including a church and castle. Free-choice dinner not included.
Day 5 – Mon 29th Sept (b/-/d) – The Pelasgian City and Coast
Depart hotel and drive to Siena via the ancient city of Cosa. Here we will see a remote, half-overgrown ruined city perched on a hill near the sea whose date is in dispute. The ancient walls here take your breath away with their majesty, standing in places 25ft high and are built using a unique style of polygonal and cyclopean blocks of stone. British antiquarian George Dennis attributes the polygonal walls here to a mysterious pre-flood seafaring race called the Pelasgi.
We’ll see the great citadel that displays Roman masonry on top of Etruscan on top of Pelasgian. There is a small museum we can visit. Lunch at the cafes in the picturesque coastal town of Talamone. Arrival at hotel in Siena where we stay for two nights. Dinner at the hotel.
Day 6 – Tues 30th Sept (b/-/-) – The City of Dragons and the Etruscan Grail Church
We have a morning tour around the medieval city of Siena, famous for its cuisine, museums and art. Originally settled by the Etruscans it was, according to legend founded by Senius, son of Remus who founded Rome. We will walk through the famous shell-shaped Piazza del Campo and visit the spectacular Duomo or cathedral where the dragon lines of the Apollo St Michael Axis cross (as dowsed by Hamish Miller). The city is full of architectural treasures, delightful plazas, museums, churches and a Medicean fortress.
After lunch we make a trip to San Galgano Abbey and round church. This magnificent roofless gothic abbey, reminiscent of those found in the vales of Yorkshire, is situated on a crossing of two ancient roads. The abbey was built around 1224–88AD by French Cistercian monks who dedicated it to St Galgano (d 1181), a knight who renounced his ways and became a hermit living on a nearby hill called Montesiepi.
The hill is crowned by an unusual rotunda called the Hermitage that is similar to Knights Templar churches. In the center of the church floor is the enigmatic Italian Excalibur, a 12th century sword thrust into the rock. Free-choice dinner not included.
Day 7 – Weds 1st Oct (b/-/-) – A Taste of Renaissance Italy
Visit the walled medieval splendor of Volterra an important Etruscan town founded in the 8th Century BC. It has a fabulous museum displaying Etruscan Sarcophagi depicting some of the finest carvings seen so far and some very unusual items not to be missed. It also has Etruscan walls and a megalithic gate.
Here we can also feel and dowse the Athena goddess energy line as she flows through an unusual round baptismal chapel, passing through a beautiful carved stone bath. The narrow medieval streets are filled with shops and restaurants where you can sample the delights of Tuscan food, wine, art and culture. A great place to shop and meet with others at the end of the journey. Lunch at leisure in Volterra.
Day 8 – Thurs 2nd Oct (b/-/d)
Depart for Rome airport or continue on by train to Florence for the Magnificent Florence & Venice extension.
Magnificent Florence & Venice Tour extension Itinerary
Oct 2-6, 2014 (5 days/ 4 nights)
Day 1 – Thur 2nd Oct
Catch the train from Siena to Florence (for those who have been on The Spirit of Etruscan Italy tour) and taxi to our hotel. For anyone who has not come from the main tour you will be met at Florence airport and escorted to the hotel. Afternoon guided tour in Florence. Dinner at the hotel.
Day 2 – Fri 3rd Oct (b/-/-)
Optional morning guided tour to other sites in Florence or explore the city on your own. Afternoon free time to follow your particular interests. Free choice dinner not included.
Day 3 – Sat 4th Oct (b/-/-)
Catch the train to Venice and water taxi to your hotel. Afternoon guided tour around Piazza San Marco or St Mark’s Square where we find St Mark’s Basillica, the Campanile and the Doge’s Palace. Free choice dinner not included.
Day 4 – Sun 5th Oct (b/-/d)
Optional morning guided tour around other sites in Venice or free time to explore the city on your own. Afternoon free time to follow your particular interests. Farewell dinner at a local restaurant.
Day 5 – Mon 6th Oct (b/-/-)
Catch train to Rome for return flights home or leave from Venice International Airport.
- Accommodation in quality hotels
- All breakfasts & evening meals as indicated on the itinerary
- All normal admission charges to sacred sites
- Access into all sites as listed on itinerary
- All tour guide fees
- Gratuities & taxes on accommodation & included meals
- Your international round-trip air flight is not-included in the cost of the journey
- Lunches and those evening meals listed as not included
- Beverages except tea, coffee and water with meals
- Other non-included items would include souvenir shopping, personal phone calls, spa services, laundry and tips for your room maid (we recommend $1-2 USD per day per person)
- Personal, medical or trip cancellation insurance
Your Fabulous Facilitators:
About Cameron Broughton
Cameron Broughton’s life path has taken many directions; adventurer, seeker of spirit, functions and conference organizer, group leader, entrepreneur, massage therapist, healing facilitator and mother. Following her passion brought her to England in 1996 where through a serendipitous unfolding of events she met Glenn (her life partner) on the first tour that he led visiting the Sacred Sites of the Southwest of England. It has been an amazing journey, rich with the beauty of life and all that it encompasses!
Since meeting Glenn she has had the pleasure of living in Britain for several years and now spends half her time there leading pilgrimages exploring Britain’s ancient and modern mysteries. It gives her great pleasure as an American to share her enthusiasm and love for the magic of England, its legends, myths and mysteries. Cameron is deeply aware of the transformations that such journeys can bring about and she looks forward to meeting you and helping to make your journey a truly unforgettable one. While in Vermont, Cameron continues her healing practice of twenty six years as a massage therapist and energy healer.
About Glenn Broughton
Glenn, who is English, has been researching and visiting ancient sacred sites for twenty years and is drawn to explore their energetic properties and how such places of power affect us today. Knowing intuitively that they have something to teach us Glenn has been a tour guide for most of this time leading groups exploring the mystery of sacred sites. Glenn lecturers internationally on sacred sites, earth mysteries and crop circles, and is the co-founder/co-organizer of Earth Spirit Conferences in the USA. He has appeared on television and radio and regularly presents at conferences on both sides of the Atlantic.
Glenn came to sacred sites via a circuitous life path which included school-teaching, founding and running an inner city community arts centre, pioneering wholesale organic produce distribution in the UK, and leading spiritual development and earth mysteries groups and workshops. Running alongside all of these activities was a constant spiritual exploration which opened many doors and led to many questions. Practising Vipassana meditation, traveling, and training with the National Federation of Spiritual Healers and the International College of Crystal Healing, were all experiences which have informed his current perspective.
£1595 (approx $2670 USD) per person double occupancy
£150 single occupancy supplement
Tour deposit: $750 USD
5-day Ancient Italian Mysteries pre-tour add-on
£795 (approx $1330 USD) per person double occupancy
£70 single occupancy supplement
Tour add-On deposit: $420 USD
Florence & Venice
5-day post-tour add-on: 2 nights Florence/2 nights Venice
£895 (approx $1499 USD) per person double occupancy
£170 single occupancy supplement
Tour add-On deposit: $420 USD
A non-refundable deposit of $750 USD is needed immediately to hold your place for the main trip, and $420 USD per extension is required as a deposit if you are choosing to come early or stay later with us.
To secure your spot now and make your deposits, do the following:
Step 1: Click the blue “Add to Cart” button (your selection will go immediately into the shopping cart).
Step 2: Click the “CHECKOUT NOW” link directly below. You’ll be redirected to the check-out page.
** NOTE: If you don’t wish to register online or are having issues, call 727.421.0849 or email us.
This is to place your deposit for the Ancient Italian Mysteries pre-tour extension.
This is to place your deposit for the Florence & Venice post-tour trip.
This is to place your deposit for our main Spirit of the Ancient Etruscans itinerary.
Payment of the balance is required 75 days before tour start date. If you cancel before payment of balance your deposit will be forfeited. If you cancel afterwards, but no later than 21 days prior to start date, we will refund 50% unless you find a replacement, in which case only your deposit will be forfeited. No refunds if you cancel later than 21 days prior to tour start date. We reserve the right to cancel the trip if it is not meeting the trip minimum (if we do so your deposit is refunded). Trip cancellation insurance is always recommended when making travel plans. You can use our suggested Travel Guard Insurance online and choose from several policy options.
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http://www.journeysofthespirit.com/ancient-etruscans-tuscany-retreat/
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Commerce: New Orleans metro area No. 8 in exports
NEW ORLEANS - The U.S. Commerce Department says new export data shows the New Orleans metro area was the nation's No. 8 exporter last year, with a record $30 billion in merchandise exports shipped through the area.
The International Trade Administration says the total was up 23 percent from 2012, a $5.7 billion increase.
St. John the Baptist Parish had the biggest share of the total: $8.1 billion. Plaquemines Parish was next at $3.9 billion, followed by Jefferson Parish at $2.4 billion, St. James Parish at $1.2 billion, Orleans Parish at $452 million and St. Bernard Parish at $147 million.
The agency says the area's top exports were petroleum and coal products, crops, processed foods, chemicals, beverages and tobacco products. The leading destinations were China, Singapore, Mexico, France, and the Netherlands.
Desktop NewsClick to open Continuous News in a sidebar that updates in real-time.
Sen. Troy Brown will spend the weekend in jail
Spanish Town Parade asks for usual irreverence but inclusion
Residents on edge as Comite River crests above flood stage
Baton Rouge residents gather to watch Trump's inauguration
Police believe illegal immigrant could be tied to other sex crimes
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<urn:uuid:18816ea7-feac-4f63-9c85-13f1524c610f>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.wbrz.com/news/commerce-new-orleans-metro-area-no-8-in-exports
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Help your students visualize the 3-D anatomy of plant and animal cells with this colorful student-sized study chart. All of the major cell parts are graphically illustrated and clearly labeled. A generalized animal cell with its detailed anatomy is shown on one side of the chart, while the other side shows the generalized plant cell. The heavy-duty lamination protects the chart from spills and other abuses. Chart is 8 1/2"x 11", full color.
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<urn:uuid:499a7ad2-9a9a-4280-9ae7-837b4af865a3>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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https://www.flinnsci.com/plant-and-animal-cell-anatomy-permachart/fb1655/
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| 0.903807
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DNA molecules and human therapeutics
Danquah, Michael K., Ho, Jenny, Liu, Shan, & Forde, Gareth M. (2009) DNA molecules and human therapeutics. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(25), pp. 7190-7195.
Nucleic acid molecules are championing a new generation of reverse engineered biopharmaceuticals. In terms of potential application in gene medicine, plasmid DNA (pDNA) vectors have exceptional therapeutic and immunological profiles as they are free from safety concerns associated with viral vectors, display non-toxicity and are simpler to develop. This review addresses the potential applications of pDNA molecules in vaccine design/development and gene therapy via recombinant DNA technology as well as a staged delivery mechanism for the introduction of plasmid-borne gene to target cells via the nasal route.
Impact and interest:
Citation counts are sourced monthly from and citation databases.
These databases contain citations from different subsets of available publications and different time periods and thus the citation count from each is usually different. Some works are not in either database and no count is displayed. Scopus includes citations from articles published in 1996 onwards, and Web of Science® generally from 1980 onwards.
Citations counts from theindexing service can be viewed at the linked Google Scholar™ search.
Full-text downloads displays the total number of times this work’s files (e.g., a PDF) have been downloaded from QUT ePrints as well as the number of downloads in the previous 365 days. The count includes downloads for all files if a work has more than one.
|Item Type:||Journal Article|
|Keywords:||Gene therapy, Plasmid DNA, Staged delivery nasal route, Vaccine development, beta lactam antibiotic, cancer vaccine, DNA, DNA vaccine, glycoprotein E2, kanamycin, naked DNA, plasmid vector, polymer, virus vector, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, bioengineering, cellular immunity, drug delivery system, gene vector, human, humoral immunity, intranasal drug administration, malaria, nonhuman, nonviral gene therapy, plasmid, recombinant DNA technology, review, RNA interference|
|Divisions:||Current > Schools > School of Chemistry, Physics & Mechanical Engineering
Current > QUT Faculties and Divisions > Science & Engineering Faculty
|Copyright Owner:||Copyright 2009 Academic Journals|
|Copyright Statement:||All articles published by Academic Journals are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. This permits anyone to copy, redistribute, remix, transmit and adapt the work provided the original work and source is appropriately cited.|
|Deposited On:||05 Feb 2015 23:53|
|Last Modified:||11 Feb 2015 03:17|
Repository Staff Only: item control page
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<urn:uuid:f5591663-c156-4e04-802e-69448a953217>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://eprints.qut.edu.au/81542/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00570-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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en
| 0.844292
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| 2
| 2
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Department of Hematology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Although allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the only curative treatment option for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), a substantial number of patients experience relapse. We reviewed the clinical outcomes of patients with MDS who relapsed after allogeneic HCT.
Thirty patients who experienced relapse or progression after allogeneic HCT for MDS between July 2000 and May 2016 were included in this retrospective analysis.
The median time from HCT to relapse was 6.6 (range, 0.9–136.3) months. Donor lymphocyte infusions (DLIs) were administered to four patients: one achieved complete remission (CR) and survived disease free, while three did not respond to DLI and died. Hypomethylating agents were administered to seven patients: one who had stable disease continuously received decitabine, while six died without response to treatment. Six patients received AML-like intensive chemotherapy, and three achieved CR: two underwent second HCT and one DLI. One patient receiving second HCT survived without disease, but the other two relapsed and died. Three, four, and eight patients who did not respond to intensive chemotherapy, low-dose cytarabine, and best supportive care, respectively, died. One patient who underwent second HCT following cytogenetic relapse survived disease free. Median overall survival after relapse was 4.4 months, and relapse within 6 months after HCT was associated with shorter survival.
Outcomes of MDS patients relapsing after allogeneic HCT were disappointing. Some patients could be saved using DLI or second HCT.
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a clonal hematopoietic disorder characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, peripheral cytopenia, and potential evolution to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although there have been attempts to improve the outcomes of patients with MDS using hypomethylating agents (HMAs), lenalidomide, and other novel agents, allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is considered to be the only curative treatment option. In general, allogeneic HCT is offered to patients expected to be at a high risk of progression to AML and having shorter survival or those who have severe complications or heavy transfusion burden due to disease-related cytopenias. The long-term survival rate following allogeneic HCT is reported to be 30–50%. Approximately 25–40% of patients experience disease relapse after HCT, and outcomes of the relapsed patients are generally poor . Although salvage treatment strategies, including HMA, donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI), and second HCT have been attempted, there is no available standard of care for MDS patients who experience relapse after allogeneic HCT . Medical records of MDS patients who relapsed after HCT were reviewed to identify the clinical courses and treatment outcomes following relapse and to investigate the optimal therapy for these patients.
Of 193 patients who underwent 196 allogeneic HCTs for MDS between 2000 and 2016, 30 experienced relapse or progression to AML after HCT and were included in this retrospective analysis. MDS relapse was defined as re-emergence or appearance of ≥5% blasts in the bone marrow (BM) or major myelodysplastic features such as cytopenia and transfusion dependence, based on the 2006 MDS response criteria of the International Working Group (IWG) . Progression to AML was defined as the presence of ≥20% blasts in the BM or peripheral blood. In patients who received treatment for MDS before HCT, the response was assessed on the basis of the 2006 IWG response criteria. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Asan Medical Center in accordance with the 2008 Declaration of Helsinki.
Overall survival (OS) was calculated from the date of relapse after HCT to the date of the last follow-up or death from any cause. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to calculate and compare the survival rates in univariate analysis, respectively. Multivariate analysis was performed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model. The SPSS version 21 (IBM Corporation, Somers, NY, USA) and GraphPad Prism version 5.01 (GraphPad Software Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA) were used for statistical analysis and to generate the graphs, respectively.
Table 1 summarizes the disease and transplantation-related characteristics. The median age of the patients at the time of HCT was 54 (range, 19–70) years. A total of 23 (76.7%) patients received MDS-directed treatment before HCT: 20 were treated with HMA, 2 with intensive AML-like chemotherapy, and 1 with low-dose cytarabine. Of the 20 patients who received hypomethylating therapy, 5 showed marrow complete remission (CR), 13 had stable disease, 1 showed disease progression, and 1 could not be assessed. Of the two patients treated with intensive chemotherapy, one achieved CR and the other achieved partial remission (PR). One patient treated with low-dose cytarabine showed progressive disease. Seven (23.3%) patients received upfront HCT. Scores in the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) and revised IPSS (R-IPSS) were recalculated at the time of HCT: 15 (50.0%) patients had intermediate-2 or high risk scores on the IPSS and 21 (70.0%) had high or very high risk scores on the R-IPSS. Six (20.0%) patients received hematopoietic graft from matched related donors, 11 (36.7%) from matched unrelated donors, and 13 (43.3%) from haploidentical familial donors.
After HCT, 20 patients achieved CR with a complete cytogenetic response, 5 showed morphologic CR with persistent cytogenetic abnormalities, and 5 had progressive diseases. Patients experienced disease relapse or progression after a median time of 6.6 (range, 0.9–136.3) months, and 13 (43.3%) patients relapsed with AML. Table 2 shows the relapse characteristics of the patients.
Fig. 1 shows the treatment modalities administered to relapsed patients and clinical outcomes. For the initial salvage treatment of relapse, 4 patients received DLI; 7, HMAs; 10, chemotherapy; 1, second HCT; and 8, best supportive care (BSC).
One of the four patients receiving DLI infusions achieved CR. The responsive patient had received HCT for refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB)-1 from a matched related donor using myeloablative conditioning (MAC) and relapsed as refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD) 7.5 years after HCT. The patient survived in CR 49.2 months after a dose-escalated DLI (total CD3+ T-cell dose of 1.6×108/kg). The other three patients who received DLIs for MDS relapse, which occurred at 1.7, 2.1, and 3.4 years after HCT, respectively, showed persistent mixed chimerism and eventually died of disease.
In seven patients with relapse after HCT, no response was observed after treatment with HMAs. One patient who had stable disease received five courses of decitabine at the time of analysis for MDS relapse, which occurred 11.4 years after HCT for RAEB-2. Three patients died of persistent disease and infection during treatment with HMAs for relapses, which occurred 6 months, 2.2 years, and 7.5 years after HCT, respectively. Three patients experienced progression to AML after 3–4 courses of decitabine treatment for MDS relapses after HCT. They received the second HCT; however, all died of the disease and/or bleeding complications.
Six patients who relapsed with AML were treated with intensive induction chemotherapy, and three achieved CR. One CR patient, who received HCT from an unrelated donor using reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) and relapsed 5.5 years after HCT, received the second HCT from a haploidentical familial donor and was alive without disease 4.2 months thereafter. The other two CR patients received the second HCT and DLI as post-remission consolidation therapy, but eventually relapsed and died. Three patients, who did not respond to intensive chemotherapy, died of disease. Low-dose cytarabine did not induce disease remission in four patients who died of progressive disease.
One patient, who received HCT for RAEB-2 from an unrelated donor using MAC and experienced cytopenia with cytogenetic relapse harboring del(17q) 2 years after the first HCT, received the second HCT from an unrelated donor using RIC, and the patient was alive and disease free 4.7 months after the second HCT. Eight patients, who received BSC only, died at a median time of 0.7 (range, 0.1–12.2) months after relapse.
The median OS after relapse of all 30 patients was 4.4 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.7–8.2] (Fig. 2). In the univariate analysis of OS, age <50 years (
In this study, the clinical courses of the patients who relapsed after allogeneic HCT for MDS were reviewed. Of the 30 patients included in this study, a median OS was 4.4 months, and only four survived (three in CR and one with disease). The poor outcomes reported in this study are similar to the previous retrospective study results from a French group, which showed a 2-year OS of 16% among 147 patients relapsing after allogeneic HCT for MDS . In a retrospective analysis of 108 patients who relapsed after allogeneic HCT for AML or high-risk MDS, the median OS after relapse was 130 days ; in a prospective study of azacitidine and DLI as the first salvage therapy for 30 patients relapsing after allogeneic HCT for AML or MDS, the median OS was 117 days .
The time interval between HCT and relapse was considered to be an important prognostic factor for survival after relapse . The French group's study showed that relapse within 6 months after HCT (HR, 2.69; 95% CI, 0.82–3.98;
The treatment of patients relapsing after allogeneic HCT for MDS is challenging, and various treatment strategies have been attempted. In this study, there were three disease- free survivors: one who underwent the second HCT for cytogenetic relapse, one who received the second HCT after achieving CR with intensive chemotherapy, and one who received DLI for low disease burden. DLI is one of the most commonly used interventions for the management of relapse after HCT. The Adult AML Working Group of the Japan Society for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation reviewed 143 AML patients receiving DLI for hematological relapse after HCT, and the 5-year OS was 7% . Eleven (8%) patients in the study received DLI after achieving CR, and long-term survival was observed almost exclusively in patients who achieved CR before DLI. Outcomes of DLI with or without chemotherapy for AML or MDS relapse after T-cell-depleted RIC HCT were investigated in 51 patients, and the 5-year OS was significantly different according to the time interval between DLI and HCT (within 6 mo vs. >6 mo, 11% vs. 51%,
In conclusion, the outcomes of patients relapsing after allogeneic HCT for MDS were very poor, especially in those with early relapse after HCT. However, a minority of patients who had low tumor burden benefited from an immunologic approach using DLI or second HCT. Early detection of relapse and immunotherapeutic approaches with effective cytoreductive treatment will improve the outcomes of relapsed patients.
Treatment and clinical outcomes of 30 patients who relapsed after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for myelodysplastic syndrome. Abbreviations: AML, acute myeloid leukemia; BSC, best supportive care; CR, complete remission; DLI, donor lymphocyte infusion; HCT, hematopoietic cell transplantation; HMA, hypomethylating agent; LDAC, low-dose cytarabine; SD, stable disease; TRM, treatment-related mortality.
Overall survival curves of the patients relapsing after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for myelodysplastic syndrome. Total patients (
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en
| 0.951707
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What is in a cigarette? List out chemicals and it ingredient substances. You can see your own smoking is how much dangerous.
Nowadays there are many people habitual to smoking. These new comers not realize this smoking affect with heart diseases, strokes, lung diseases and cancers
You can inquire that why lot of people die from smoking. There are 600 of changeable substances in top to bottom of the cigarettes. Cigarette smoke product at least of 7000 chemicals. Smokers will wonder if it asks.
The one reason for that is 100 of substances add to cigarettes that not in natural tobacco plant. Burning of these chemicals product health affected many chemicals.
Cigarette production companies get these some substances from foods some are from beverages and some are in substances that you never think to insert to your body. An example they get arsenic from food protectors and rat toxics.
According to FDA's list of harmful and potential harmful substances of cigarette arsenic is a carcinogenic, cardiovascular and reproductive toxic substance.
Some harmful substances of cigarette are very familiar. As an example carbon monoxide in vehicle fumes and nicotine in insecticides can give. Formaldehyde in wood protectors also carcinogenic substances. Cadmium in batteries and hexamine in barbeque liters also have in cigarettes.
There are 70 of identified substances in cigarette are carcinogenic substances. People can die from these substances.
In 2 ways cigarette smoking affect with our oxygen flaw.
1. Carbon monoxide affects with hemoglobin molecules and breaks the oxygen transport
2.The function of cyanide hinder tissue want oxygons.But tissue cannot function without this steady flow of oxygen.
According to new studies cancers because of smoking are 30% increase from other cancers. This includes s 87% of lung cancer deaths among men and 70%of among women.
Cigarette smoke affect with emphysema, bronchitis, and chronic airway obstruction. There are many people suffering from diseases of smoking.
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<urn:uuid:a6b9676e-83c5-4ba7-9285-32918780fadd>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.pudumalokaya.net/video/328-what-is-in-a-cigarette-chemicals-and-ingredient-list-confirm-how-dangerous-smoking-really-is.html
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en
| 0.930309
| 401
| 2.78125
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|
- The land alongside or sloping down to a river or lake
- sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water); "they pulled the
canoe up on the bank"; "he sat on the bank of the river and watched the
- tip laterally; "the pilot had to bank the aircraft"
- An elevation in the seabed or a riverbed; a mudbank or sandbank
- A slope, mass, or mound of a particular substance
- depository financial institution: a financial institution that accepts
deposits and channels the money into lending activities; "he cashed a check at
the bank"; "that bank holds the mortgage on my home"
- lend: give temporarily; let have for a limited time; "I will lend you my
car"; "loan me some money"
- loanword: a word borrowed from another language; e.g. `blitz' is a German
word borrowed into modern English
- A thing that is borrowed, esp. a sum of money that is expected to be paid
back with interest
- An act of lending something to someone
- the temporary provision of money (usually at interest)
captured by arabischenab & dangdungdeng utk
bank rakyat merdeka advertisement...dapat loan interest 0%..hehehe... p/s masuk
surat khabar siak...(kosmo & utusan)
mampos dh bank rakyat
kepada yg ade buat loan ng eja.. hmm lmbt sket
la sbb dia dh......
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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https://sites.google.com/site/bankrakyatloanwuq/
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en
| 0.864189
| 349
| 2.71875
| 3
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Is CPS a state job?
Child protective services workers are typically employed by state and local Child Protective Services (CPS) agencies. These workers often must travel to see each of their clients. They may also have to work weekends, evenings and holidays. The job is emotionally demanding and often stressful.
Do CPS workers make good money?
Entry-level CPS Social Workers with little to no experience can expect to make anywhere between $29550 to $36140 per year or $14 to $17 per hour. Just like any other job, the salary of a Child, Family and School Social Worker will increase as they become more experienced.
Can you work for CPS without a degree?
Do I have to have a degree? No. Entry level Child Protective Services Specialist can have one of the following: A Bachelor’s degree OR an Associate’s degree plus 2 years of relevant work experience.
How much does a DYFS worker make in NJ?
The average salary for State Of Nj Dyfs is $49456 per year, ranging from $47910 to $50945.
Is CPS a good career?
There are great workers and work so hard at their job, overworked. Flexibility at CPS helps maintain a great life/ work balance. The benefits are excellent, but the pay is below average. It is stressful to see the abuse of children, but at the same time rewarding to help and get to know the children.
What state pays CPS workers the most?
Best-Paying States for Child and Family Social Workers The states and districts that pay Child and Family Social Workers the highest mean salary are District of Columbia ($71,590), New Jersey ($68,830), Connecticut ($68,360), Rhode Island ($63,310), and Maryland ($61,910).
How does DYFS work in NJ?
DCP&P (formerly DYFS) is New Jersey’s state agency responsible for protecting children. The agency investigates all reports of child abuse or neglect by collecting information through home visits and interviews with the child’s household members, as well as people such as teachers, physicians, or school counselors.
What is CPS called in New Jersey?
DCF | Child Protection and Permanency. Child Protection and Permanency is New Jersey’s child protection and child welfare agency within the New Jersey Department of Children and Families.
How much do CPS make a year?
Child Protective Service (CPS) Salary in California
|25th Percentile Child Protective Service (CPS) Salary||$53,982|
|50th Percentile Child Protective Service (CPS) Salary||$60,465|
|75th Percentile Child Protective Service (CPS) Salary||$67,788|
|90th Percentile Child Protective Service (CPS) Salary||$74,455|
What can you afford with 80k salary?
The golden rule in determining how much home you can afford is that your monthly mortgage payment should not exceed 28% of your gross monthly income (your income before taxes are taken out). For example, if you and your spouse have a combined annual income of $80,000, your mortgage payment should not exceed $1,866.
Do CPS workers carry guns?
When Practice Notes informally asked several counties about their gun-related policies they responded with similar answers: CPS workers are supposed to ask during assessments about guns in the home and how they are stored, county CPS buildings are supposed to be weapon-free, and CPS workers are not allowed to carry a …
What jobs can make you rich without college?
25 High-Paying Jobs That Don’t Require a Four-Year Degree
- Air Traffic Controller. Median salary: $122,990.
- Elevator Installer and Repairer. Median salary: $84,990.
- Nuclear Technician. Median salary: $82,080.
- Dental Hygienist. Median salary: $76,220.
- Web Developer.
- Diagnostic Medical Sonographers/Cardiovascular Technologists.
- Aerospace Technician.
- Police Officers and Detectives.
What degree do I need to become a CPS worker?
CPS caseworkers have at least a bachelor’s degree, often in social work or psychology, and sometimes a master’s degree in social work. Requirements vary from state to state. Licensing: Some CPS agencies hire licensed clinical social workers (LCSWs) as caseworkers.
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<urn:uuid:53c8d1c3-0f66-4f25-b135-9e638877d189>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://indielullabies.com/is-cps-a-state-job/
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en
| 0.941583
| 946
| 1.960938
| 2
|
|Application ||IHC-P, IF, FC|
|Other Accession||923, 744366|
|Isotype||Mouse / IgG1|
|Other Names||T-cell differentiation antigen CD6, T12, TP120, CD6, CD6|
|Format||200ug/ml of Ab purified from Bioreactor Concentrate by Protein A/G. Prepared in 10mM PBS with 0.05% BSA & 0.05% azide. Also available WITHOUT BSA & azide at 1.0mg/ml.|
|Storage||Store at 2 to 8°C.Antibody is stable for 24 months.|
|Precautions||CD6 Antibody - Without BSA and Azide is for research use only and not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.|
|Function||Involved in cell adhesion. Binds to CD166.|
|Cellular Location||Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein|
|Tissue Location||Expressed by thymocytes, mature T-cells, a subset of B-cells known as B-1 cells, and by some cells in the brain|
Thousands of laboratories across the world have published research that depended on the performance of antibodies from Abgent to advance their research. Check out links to articles that cite our products in major peer-reviewed journals, organized by research category.
firstname.lastname@example.org, and receive a free "I Love Antibodies" mug.
Provided below are standard protocols that you may find useful for product applications.
CD6 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that contains a 24-amino acid signal sequence, three extracellular �scavenger receptor cysteine-rich� (SRCR) domains, a membrane-spanning domain and a 44-amino acid cytoplasmic domain. The CD6 glycoprotein is tyrosine phosphorylated during TCR-mediated T cell activation. CD6 shows significant homology to CD5. CD6 is present on mature thymocytes, peripheral T cells and a subset of B cells. Antibodies to CD6 are used to deplete T cells from bone marrow transplants to prevent graft versus host disease.
Bazil, V et. al. 1989. Monoclonal antibodies against human leucocyte antigens. III. Antibodies against CD45R, CD6, CD44 and two newly described broadly expressed glycoproteins MEM-53 and MEM-102. Folia. Biol. 35:289-297
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If you have any additional inquiries please email technical services at email@example.com.
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.abgent.com/products/AH10849-CD6-Antibody-Without-BSA-and-Azide
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| 0.849903
| 616
| 1.648438
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Recent articles/blogs from Michael Meehan and Dan Foody both emphasized the typically negative connotations associated with governance. Michael compared governance to getting a colonoscopy with an IMAX camera, while Dan pointed out that “governance is about defining the box that you’re not allowed to think outside.”
I won’t argue that most people have a very negative reaction to the term, but there’s a key point that missing in the discussion. Governance is about the people, policies, and processes put in place to obtain desired behaviors. Governance does not have to be about command and control. If your desired behavior is complete freedom to try anything and everything, clearly, you don’t want rigid command and control structures. If your goal is to be a very innovative company, but your command and control structures prevent you from doing so in a timely fashion, that’s not a problem with governance per se, but with the governance model you’ve chosen. While the United States has clear separation between church and state, the same can’t be said for many other countries in the world. If the desired behavior for those countries is strict adherence to religious principles, then clearly there will be some challenges in applying the United States’ governance model to those countries. It doesn’t mean those countries don’t need governance, it means they need a different style of governance.
One of my earliest posts on the subject of governance emphasized that the most important thing is that your governance model match your corporate culture. If it doesn’t it’s not going to work. I’ll also add to it that your employees need to accept that corporate culture as well. If the people in the company don’t agree with the desired behaviors that the leaders have established, you’re going to have problems. We need to stop attacking governance, and instead educate our staff on the desired behaviors and why they’re important so that people will want to comply. It must be the path of least resistance. That’s still governance, though. It’s just governance done right.
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Let's find a solution that works for you. Fill out the form below and an OpsDog team member will contact you shortly to learn more about your needs...
This workflow template illustrates a series of procedures designed to support pharmaceutical manufacturing line processes, including materials preparation, materials quality control, production area cleaning and equipment maintenance. Purchase and download this template in PDF and Visio (VSD) formats. You can customize it to fit your own organization, or simply use it to better understand Pharmaceutical Production Support processes.Download a Free Sample of this Workflow Template
What is Pharmaceutical Production Support?
Pharmaceutical Production Support includes a series of sub-processes designed to ensure that the pharmaceutical manufacturing process runs smoothly and without interruption. These support processes include materials preparation, materials checking, or quality control, and equipment and production area maintenance. Materials preparation involves the inspection of production schedules against inventories to ensure that facilities are stocked with the appropriate ingredients. Materials checking involves the inspection of raw materials to ensure that they meet certain quality standards. Finally, the equipment maintenance and area cleaning processes ensure that manufacturing equipment is in good order and production workstations are sanitized and ready for use.
Which KPIs, or metrics, are typically used to measure this process?
The following metrics may be used to measure Pharmaceutical Production Support processes:
Which employees and/or departments are involved in this process?
The following parties are typically involved in Pharmaceutical Production Support:
What is the purpose of these workflow templates?
Broken business processes pervade companies, large and small. Manual workarounds, downtime, errors and other waste is thought of as "the cost of doing business." Use our workflow templates as a starting point to document your own processes. Customize them to fit your business and add "call outs" for improvement opportunities.
How are these workflow templates created?
These workflow templates are the product of over 20 years of hands-on management consulting experience, as well as research performed by the OpsDog team. All of our workflows are mapped using the BPMN 2.0 specification.
How do I download a workflow template?
Simply click the "add to cart" button and follow the process to purchase and download this workflow template. You can use any major credit card, or a PayPal account, to pay. After you have completed the purchase, you will receive a link to immediately download the workflow template in PDF and Visio (VSD) formats. If you aren't a registered OpsDog user yet, create a free account! New users get $20 off of their first purchase.
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Sir Richard Whittington, MP, Lord Mayor of London
|Place of Burial:||London, UK|
|Managed by:||Private User|
Matching family tree profiles for Sir Richard Whittington, MP, Lord Mayor of London
About Sir Richard Whittington, MP, Lord Mayor of London
Richard Whittington (c. 1354–1423) was a medieval merchant and politician, and the real-life inspiration for the pantomime character Dick Whittington. He was four times Lord Mayor of London, a Member of Parliament and a sheriff of London. In his lifetime he financed a number of public projects, such as drainage systems in poor areas of medieval London, and a hospital ward for unmarried mothers. He bequeathed his fortune to form the Charity of Sir Richard Whittington which, nearly 600 years later, continues to assist people in need. Despite knowing three of the five kings who reigned during his lifetime, there is no evidence that he was knighted.
Richard and his wife, Alice, had no children.
Dick Whittington and His Cat is an English folk tale that has often been used as the basis for stage pantomimes and other adaptations. It tells of a poor boy in the 14th century who becomes a wealthy merchant and eventually the Lord Mayor of London because of the ratting abilities of his cat. The character of the boy is named after the real-life Richard Whittington, but the real Whittington did not come from a poor family.
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<urn:uuid:c4b06b0c-9e5c-4c2a-88bf-039258693117>
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CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
https://www.geni.com/people/Sir-Richard-Whittington-Lord-Mayor-of-London/6000000019627845050
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|
en
| 0.971815
| 315
| 2.234375
| 2
|
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