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Moscow’s War on Social Media Claims a New Casualty
As the Russian military has pushed outward into Crimea and Eastern Ukraine, the Kremlin has stepped up its fight on a second front: against its internal opponents and the media they use to organize and spread information. The few voices of Russia’s independent press have fallen one by one in recent months: imprisoned, fired, or intimidated into self-censorship. On Monday, the founder of Russia’s largest social media company, Pavel Durov, announced that he had been fired and replaced by Putin loyalists.
At this rate, if Putin’s crackdown on independent expression succeeds, there may be nothing left for the country’s massive surveillance network to spy on.
Edward Snowden addressed the question in a recent op-ed where he wrote about "social media companies reporting that they have received bulk collection requests from the Russian government." Now the question may be moot as the Russian government is a step closer to being able to spy on social media users directly without bothering to make requests."
Durov’s company, VKontakte—known as VK—is the second-largest social media company in Europe. In Russia and the former Soviet states, VK has over 100 million users. Durov expressed some surprise about the manner in which he was fired, learning from news reports that company’s board of directors terminated him for a procedural violation, but he seemed to know that the news would come eventually.
“Probably, in the Russian context, something like this was inevitable, but I’m happy we lasted seven and a half years,” Durov wrote in a statement about his firing.
“Obviously Durov’s decision to remain outside Russia means he knows what will happen to him if he returns,” an expert on social media in Russia told The Daily Beast.
Just over a month ago, the Kremlin launched a salvo against the media, the Russian government replaced the editor of a well-known independent newspaper and shut down the sites of some of the country’s leading bloggers. A message from Russia’s Prosecutor General appeared on the down sites stating that they had been banned for “incitement to illegal activity and participation in public events held in violation of the established order.”
But in a sense, this is a move that’s been years in the making. Ever since Moscow’s social media-powered protests of 2011, the Kremlin has been looking for ways to muzzle the networks. At the time, Russia’s Federal Security Service demanded VK remove some pages critical of the government—a demand the network resisted. Kremlin television began airing documentaries blaming sites like VK for all manner of societal ills. Kremlin-connected cybersecurity entrepreneur Eugene Kaspersky even faulted the network for contributing to his son’s kidnapping.
“Social networks, it’s too much freedom so people can manipulate others with the fake information,” Kaspersky told WIRED the following year. “And it’s not possible to find who they are. They are anonymous from somewhere. And that’s why I see the social networks as one of the most dangerous—I don’t know what to call it—threats. But it’s a place for very dangerous action.
The targeting of VKontakte comes as the Duma, Russia’s parliament, prepares to pass a bill requiring bloggers to register with the state.
The Duma bill, which forces bloggers that get more than 3,000 visitors a day and use commercial advertising to register as media outlets, would give the government a legal cover to shut down almost any site it objected to.
According to the Russian social media expert, “A Facebook page visited by more than 3,000 people today will have to register as media. It opens the Pandora’s Box. No one will be sure if something they publish becomes popular enough that they need a license. Then, if the license is taken away you have to shut down you website.”
With the establishment press in Russia already largely purged of anti-government voices, the state has turned its attention to the threat from social media. But with Durov gone, it’s the individual users of social Media who now seem to be under suspicion and threat from the government.
The attack on social media reveals the Kremlin’s fear of its own vulnerability to internal dissent. But the move also represents a growing sophistication in its approach to silencing critics. Only a few years ago, Russian journalists were being openly beaten and killed. The threat of that kind of violence still exists, but it has become more infrequent as the state has grown adept at using regulatory pressures and the threat of violence to accomplish its aims.
“Social media became another place where people can express their opinions and that’s not allowed. That’s not acceptable,” the Russian expert said.
Asked about where ordinary Russians would turn to express their views if they no longer believed they could safely use social media he said, “the Russians are very creative, I’m sure they will come out with something new.”
He also questioned whether the campaign against media signaled the government’s increasing strength or was a sign of its vulnerability. “These efforts actually don’t serve the goal of the government,” he said. “They actually stimulate alternative thinking and the development of new outlets.”
Editor's Note: This story has been updated with additional information.
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The economic development of geographically difficult ecosystems presents formidable
challenges and barriers to formulating sustainable poverty reduction and livelihood
strategies in the emerging countries. Current development and poverty thinking
such as rural-urban labor movements negatively impacts the productivity of the
traditional sector with its vulnerable ecology and crop seasonality. To override
these livelihood limitations, the rural population indiscriminately exploits
ecosystem resources accelerating resource depletion and exhaustion, worsening
the poverty nexus in an irreversible cycle. Under such conditions, natural resource
utilization modeled on a need-based integrated development approach could promote
such effective outcomes as in situ income diversification opportunities
for the poor households, while off-farm sectorial development would broaden
their income generating potential. Such an approach, however, requires the incorporation
of local cultural knowledge and felt needs (Rabby et
al., 2011a; Alam et al., 2012). The
invariable ecosystem resources are land, forest and water; thus, livestock and
fisheries rank next in importance to crop cultivation. Natural grassland and
common water bodies are the natural resources open to the whole community in
an ecosystem. Livestock husbandry based on available natural resources may open
or extend synergistic benefits to other sectors; as such, this study focuses
on the relationship between livestock, development and poverty reduction in
a geographically isolated and ecologically vulnerable basin-shaped Haor region
in northeaster Bangladesh.
LIVESTOCK AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Livestock is a potential income source for ecosystem inhabitants (Millar
and Photakoun, 2008), livestock products can be sold or bartered to meet
normal consumption expenditure while livestock investments extend the non-farm
labor market, supplies nutrients for the human diet and generates cash income
and assets. Thus, livestock farming is a viable livelihood strategy although
largely limited to small scale and family based activity (Mack
et al., 2005). It is feasible for the landless and resource poor
households since it requires low investment and low cost technology (Upton,
2004). Using locally available resources reduces input requirements and
largely dispenses with costly technology. Accessibility to credit, goods, services,
improved husbandry practices and integration into a market system enable the
poor and vulnerable to adopt a strategy to alleviate their abject livelihood
conditions while also decreasing gender inequality (Al-Amin
and Alam, 2011).
While the contribution of cattle cultivation to poverty alleviation is well
documented (Millar and Photakoun, 2008), livestock literature
in Bangladesh (Islam and Jabbar, 2005; Alam,
1997; Riise et al., 2005; Schleiss,
2001) suffer the preconception that this activity is constrained only to
chicken farming and female labour. None of the above studies consider such attributes
as geographical and spatial limitations, ecological richness and accessibility
to common resources which relate significantly to livestock such as ducks, goats,
sheep, cattle, buffalo, oxen and cows.
LINKS BETWEEN ECOLOGY, POVERTY AND LIVESTOCK
Despite the fact that most of the worlds extremely poor inhabit diverse
agro-ecological regions (Ahmed et al., 2007),
there exists limited understanding of the interplay between ecological fragility
and natural resource-based livestock production on the dynamics of livelihood
maintenance of the poor. The rural, agricultural-dependent poor live in ecological
systems where they encounter more vulnerabilities than others in sustaining
their livelihoods (Handley et al., 2009); this
holds true for the inhabitants in Sub-Saharan Africa, the Vietnamese Highlands,
the Philippine Uplands and the Indian drought-prone and hilly-forest based regions.
Crop failure exacts a heavy toll on household income sources in fragile and
sensitive agro-ecological regions. People force sell assets such as livestock
as a coping strategy (Handley et al., 2009) ultimately
debilitating their resilience to shocks like ill health or accidents (Rabby
et al., 2011a). Unfavourable climatic occurrences such as seasonal
floods and droughts make livestock rearing difficult (Sinn,
1988; Rabby et al., 2011b) and additionally,
low agro-ecological productivity forces the local population to exploit alternative
resources (such as fish) ultimately intensifying poverty in the long run. The
rural Bangladesh inhabitants mostly rear poultry followed by goats, cattle,
buffalo and sheep (Alam and Masum, 2005; Al-Amin
et al., 2011) constrained largely by homestead size.
While land holding size significantly affects poverty status, its quality is
strongly linked to its utilization and outcomes. Low fertile grassland would
be more suitable for livestock pasture than cultivation (Todaro
and Smith, 2008); deforestation and loss of vegetative cover results in
fodder deficits and dehydrates water bodies affecting livestock production.
Such phenomena intensify the limitations of ecosystem inaccessibility, fragility,
marginality and diversity with negative and agglomerative consequences on poverty
(Alam et al., 2013).
DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF THE Haor AREA OF BANGLADESH
This study is focused on the northeaster Haor basin of Bangladesh which is
geomorphologically a major floodplain basin (Brammer,
1990) hinting to its inherent vulnerability to habitation. The Haor basin
is a wetland ecosystem covering an estimated 8000 km2 (BBS,
2005) Craig et al. (2004)1
or 2,045,0002 ha. It comprises five districts,
namely, Mowlovibazar, Habigonj, Sunamgonj, Kishoreganj and Netrokona. In the
annual deluge (non-crop or wet season), it is under water for 5-6 months; for
the rest of the year boro (dry season paddy) cultivation is possible.
Agriculture is the main livelihood source in the study area and, directly or
indirectly, all other income streams are subject to this regime. But early flash
floods often cause extensive damage to the crops leading to the possibility
of Bangladesh facing a severe food crisis by 2050. With climate change and a
shift in rain patterns, flash floods can be expected to be even more frequent.
Water logging during April-June, the peak boro cultivation period will obviously
take its toll on output in the Haor area (http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php).
The incidence of poverty in the area is very high at about 50% (Kam
et al., 2005) and in some localities it varies between 61-81% (Rahman
and Razzaque, 2000). Poverty incidence fluctuates with crop seasonality
(Khan and Islam, 2005).
Haor livelihoods are precarious owing to the failure of governance (Islam,
2004); the BWBD (Bangladesh Water Development Board) flood control measures
are often faulty making villages vulnerable to flash flood. Recurrent flash
floods transform even rich farmers to marginal farmers pressuring the search
for livelihoods elsewhere (Rabby et al., 2011b).
Data collection: The study area is based on the lower poverty incidence
map at the sub-district level (Upazila) and high level poverty incidence map
in the sub-sub-district level (Union). Population census data (BBS,
2001) reveals that more than 50% of the study village households do not
have any cultivable land compared to 45% for the rest of the villages in the
Union implying that the study villages are relatively poor. This study is based
on data collected from a one-off primary survey and a three-stage procedure
to ensure data accuracy and reliability.
Stage 1: To identify the poor and livestock holding households, household
income (including, livestock ownership and income), expenditure, family size
and household heads occupation of all 1265 households in the five villages
were gathered in the initial survey stage in April 2010. The upper income poverty
line for 2008 was calculated to categorize poor and non-poor households while
a lower poverty line was computed for the extremely poor households (Table
|| Poverty line data
|*Upper poverty line (2) and Lower poverty line (3)
|| Population and study sample
|V1: Chawrapara, V2: Chandpur, V3: Gaglajur, V4: Mohabbot Nagar,
V5: Manderbari village
Poverty line calculation: To determine the 2008 poverty line, the ratio
of the 2008 and 1998 Rural Consumer Price Indices (RCPI) was calculated and
multiplied with the income poverty line of 1998 (Table 1).
Stage 2: To select a representative sample, Krejcie
and Morgan (1970) suggestion was followed3.
To ensure an equal weight for each category, a random sample of 292 households
was selected (Table 2) and structured and semi-structured
interviews were administered.
Stage 3: Focus group discussions were held to discover the impact of
livestock on the Haor peoples livelihoods. Based on household attributes
like gender, education and household heads occupation, five focus groups
of five members each were selected. Focus group participants were encouraged
to raise significant issues for clarification and in-depth examination.
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
The homestead size in the Haor area is relatively smaller than other regions
in Bangladesh (Rahman et al., 2009). In the
Haor area, households are categorized4 into landless
(0-49 decimal), marginal (50-149 decimal), small (150-249 decimal), medium (250-749
decimal) and large (>749 decimal) with a mean value of 145.93 decimal (Rabby
et al., 2011a, b) which is 26.71 times higher
than the mean value (5.46 decimal) of homestead land. Thus, applying the scale-down
measurement to the homestead ownership, households can be grouped into five
categories (Table 3). The standard definition of homestead
(Masum et al., 2008) is not applicable to the
Haor area because of its particular geography, ecology and environmental characteristics.
Homesteads share common boundaries as they are clustered; even a small hut without
a yard or backyard is also considered as a homestead with a minimum size of
0.50 decimal. Households with homesteads below this minimum can be considered
homestead-less. Therefore, the Haor homestead distribution can be categorized
into homestead-less (0-0.49 decimal), marginal (0.50-1.80), small (1.81-5.60),
medium (5.61-9.00), large (9.01-28.00) and very large (>28.00) (Table
The proportional share in between two categories of homestead size
and farm size reveals that only the very large homestead owners
(>28 decimal) can be considered medium and large farmers. Also, not all landless
and marginal farmers are homestead-less. The Haor villages have been dominated
by small (41.4%) to medium (17.5%) size homesteads (Table 3)
surrounded by small houses and huts.
The Haor inhabitants are predominantly engaged in crop cultivation (60.6% are
farmers) and related wage laboring activities. Although livestock animal are
important in rural economic systems, livestock rearing, as a dry season occupation,
is undertaken by only 0.3% landless but not poor households increasing to 0.7%
including 0.4% non-poor large landowners involved in wet season livestock rearing.
These household heads are young to middle aged males (20-40 years) with an average
household size of 3-4 persons below both the Haor village average (5.17) and
national average (4.47). The large landowners have large household size (>7
persons) and more than one income earner offering a greater scope for livestock
With the prevalent high poverty incidence (Table 4), livestock
provides direct or indirect income to 79% households of which 70.5% have income
from in-house poultry only and the rest (8.2%) from dairy cattle and poultry.
|| Farm and homestead size distribution in the Haor village,
|a: count, b: % of total
|| Poverty and livestock holding in the Haor village, 2010
|a: Count, b: % within household poverty status, c: % within
status of holding livestock, d: % of total
The former engages in very small to small scale in-house poultry rearing whereas
the latter are involved in small to medium scale duck farming. In the poultry
rearing households, 74.8% are poor (44.2 and 30.6% are extremely and moderately
poor, respectively). Among the 21% no livestock households, 4.5,
5.5 and 11.3% are non-poor, moderately and extremely poor, respectively (Table
4). The highest incidence of extremely poor households (31.2%) involved
in poultry rearing are among the landless (69.4%). The highest number of households
(4.8%) owning livestock animals and poultry are non-poor (Table
4). Inhabitants who live in or build homesteads on relatives land
do not rear any livestock in the Haor villages.
INCOME COMPOSITION OF Haor HOUSEHOLDS
This section focuses on farm households that derive incomes from livestock,
crop cultivation and other in situ activities and their poverty status
as income is the most significant economic variable strongly correlated with
poverty (Rabby et al., 2011a).
Homestead ownership, poverty and livestock income share: The Haor homestead
mean size (5.46 decimals) is very small and affects the socio-economic conditions
of the household. Of the three homestead owner types, people living on relatives
land are mostly poor (81.6%) of whom 55.3% are extremely poor and earn (1301
Taka) which is less than half of the average livestock income of the people
homesteading on government land (2624 Taka) (Fig. 1). This
higher income is associated with larger homestead sizes and household human
capital; the former provides access to Khas land while the latter contributes
physical labor, both enhance the household income generating capacity.
However, people homesteading on government land are not all poor (non-poor
16.0%) and their average livestock income (2624 Taka) is two-thirds of the average
livestock income of the independent or self homestead households (3532 Taka)
(Fig. 1). Self homesteaders have larger space for poultry
to search for food and enables livestock rearing. These households are not poor
as they have relatively higher resource endowments and income generating capacity.
Farm size and income pattern: Table 5 reveals that
farm households receive income from various sources while the dry season dairy
livestock provides the highest average livestock income (1644.52 Taka) for household
types. There is evidence of high inequality in income distribution consistent
with the heterogenous land ownership distribution among farm households. Large
farmers have the highest average income from dairy livestock in both the dry
and wet season while the landless and marginal farmers have the lowest.
|| Homestead and livestock income among 3 Haor household categories,
|| Livestock incomes distribution for different Haor farm households,
|DS: Dry season, WS: Wet season, a: Mean, b: % of total sum
|| The ANOVA results
However, the landless farmers receive higher average incomes from poultry rearing
than small farmers. The analysis (Table 6) shows that there
is no significant relationship between poultry rearing cash income and land
in both dry and wet seasons. Thus, landlessness is not a constraint to homestead
based in-house poultry farming in the Haor villages.
Households poverty status and livestock income pattern: The relationship
between households financial status, livestock holding and income is illustrated
in Fig. 2. Although the average livestock income differs between
seasons, the results confirm its significant impact on household financial status.
|| Poverty and livestock income between three categories of
Haor household, 2010, (a) Wet season self consumption from livestock, (b)
Dry season self consumption from livestock, (c)Wet season cash income from
livestock and (d) Dry season cash income from livestock
In the analysis, some issues have emerged: (1) non-poor households have the
highest average livestock income (25,425 Taka) as they are mostly large farmers
owning larger homesteads. The extremely poor have the second highest average
dry season income (12,240 Taka) from poultry and dairy implies that
all large landowners are not non-poor as breaking out of the poverty cycle requires
not only land resources but other capital (education, investment, infrastructure)
and access to market and institutional facilities, (2) all Haor household types
are involved in family based poultry rearing, (3) animal livestock provides
relatively higher average income than poultry rearing and (4) extremely poor
households have the lowest average livestock income (146.05 Taka) in the wet
season and the lowest mean cash income (60.00 Taka) from poultry and dairy.
At the same time, the moderately poor have the highest average cash income (4000.00
Taka) from poultry and dairy. These indicate that the moderately
poor have the advantage of tending animal livestock in relatively larger homesteads
compared to the extremely poor. However, involvement in the non-farm sector
requires financial and quality human capital which non-poor households have
some comparative advantage by investing more in stocks, paddy and rice trading,
transport (trawler service), seasonal domestic migration to cities and shop
keeping and less in animal livestock rearing with lower income potential in
the wet season.
Livestock dynamics in the Haor villages: The focus group discussions
reveal that livestock numbers have reduced alarmingly, farmers are used to selling
livestock to meet crises but pastures are becoming smaller discouraging livestock
rearing. The usefulness of cattle in farm operations has been reduced. Instead
of using drought animal farmers can hire machines to cultivate land and thresh
paddy. With high population growth, homesteads are becoming smaller inhibiting
The Haor agricultural land is highly fertile but, to increase land productivity,
the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides have led to a decline
in soil fertility. Historically, there was an abundant supply of fallow land
in the region used for grazing during the dry season. Currently, to increase
crop output, fallow land has been converted into cultivable land. Thus, the
right of access to such common land is gradually become difficult and worsened
by illegal leasing of such land by local institutions such as mosques and temples.
These developments increase livestock tending expenses and inhibit the landless
poor from seeking a livelihood alternative in livestock farming.
Share-rearing strategy: The focus group discussants recognize this arrangement
of livestock farming as an informal financial institution based mutual benefit
or interest. To the poor Haor households, this arrangement reduces financial
burdens and provides opportunities (e.g., accessibility to informal sources,
increase social capital, extra income from milk and dried cow dung) during difficult
times. In this institutional arrangement, the farmer takes care of another persons
livestock (cows, goats and poultry) on his/her homestead. Although, the farmer
is solely responsible for all associated costs, at the end of the contract,
either annually or seasonally, the off-spring or added value have to be shared
by both parties. Such share contracts vary with different livestock species
although a standard format exists for each species.
In shared undertakings such as livestock rearing where working capital is required,
first the extremely poor and then the moderately poor relatives and neighbors
are given priority by the non-poor households to earn some income.
Though, homestead based in-house poultry farming is the most common practice
in the Haor villages, not every household own livestock. The non-poor households
own the highest numbers of animal livestock while among the no livestock
households, 53% are extremely poor. It confirms that livestock ownership is
strongly linked with poverty (Millar and Photakoun, 2008).
In holding poultry, the extremely poor represent 44% whereas the moderately
poor and non-poor represent 31 and 25%, respectively. They prefer poultry farming
although conscious of the higher returns from cattle rearing as they face resource
and policy constraints (Handley et al., 2009).
In the Haor area, poultry farming is limited to females who may also be involved
in duck and livestock rearing. Children from poor households are employed in
herding cattle but such labour inputs reduce average literacy rates.
The homestead is a livestock production unit (Alam and
Masum, 2005) contributing income and nutrition to Haor households. Along
with ownership, the accessibility to land is crucial to these households. Share
based livestock rearing is a social institution providing an additional extra
income source for the poor; those with high social capital can more readily
avail themselves of such opportunities. Given the ecological context, dry season
livestock income is an important contributor Haor household income especially
in the wet season.
Resources scarcity forces the extremely poor to chose low risk livestock farming
thus affecting their preference for poultry over dairy livestock. Non-poor farmers
use livestock rearing as a saving strategy whereas it is a coping strategy for
the Haor poor.
Along with land and financial capital, the Haor households encounter problems
with livestock feed shortages both in the dry and wet seasons. Gradual transformation
of fallow land into cultivable land, over grazing, inaccessibility to pasture
and the annual deluge are the constraints limiting livestock rearing in the
Extending economic opportunities and increasing income through livestock production
is a potentially promising strategy to enhance livelihood development and poverty
reduction in the Haor area. But the available and accessible resources are inadequate
to establish commercial livestock farming as there exists ecological, geographical
and environmental constraints along with a dysfunctional bureaucracy. Huge fallow
land and water provide the natural resources base for the intensification of
livestock production. Land can be used for grass production for forage and deluge
water can minimize the externalities of livestock production by reducing pollution
and health risks. However, the policies for commercial grass cultivation, veterinary
services, financial services, enterprise development, infrastructural facilities,
training facilities, supervision, market creation, marketing and cooperative
participation should be developed to alleviate poverty in the Haor ecology.
The policies must pursue the economies of scale of production in the long run
to enable the poor Haor inhabitants to start up commercial livestock production
as a sustainable livelihood strategy.
1Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB). But
by expert 25000 sq. km ( banglapedia Bangladesh) the probable reason is that
this amount may be included the total submerged area during deluge. This connotation
may have supportive ration as Craig et al. (2004) state from total 80,500
sq. km (55% of the country) floodplain 26,000 sq. km. , in an average, is submerged
on a seasonal basis (June – October) in response to monsoon rains (March
- September) and snow melt.
2The World Conservation Office Bangladesh (IUCNB),
3The relationship between sample size and total
population is based on the assumption that as the population increases, the
sample size increases at a diminishing rate and remains relatively constant
at slightly more than 380 cases (Krejcie and Morgan, 1970)
4In categorization, three types of land (homestead,
vegetable and cultivable land) are considered together
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Founded in 1887
The Arlington Historical Society was originally called the Cemetery Society when founded in 1887 by members dedicated to gathering and preserving historical information and items relating to the founding and growth of the city. Dedicated residents by birth or by choice continue to join the society understanding how important the past is in relationship to the present. Whether an old timer or a newcomer we invite you to become a part of our family who work tirelessly to save, restore and preserve Arlington's historical treasures. CLICK HERE FOR A COPY OF THE LATEST HISTORICAL SOCIETY BROCHURE
For more information e-mail Geraldine Mills email@example.com or call 817-460-4001 and partner with us to preserve, protect and exhibit the diverse and rich history of Arlington.
Your History Connection!
Historic Fielder House, Fielder Museum, Knapp Heritage Park, and the Historic Cemeteries on Arkansas Lane
Keeping up with the times, the Arlington Historical Society has re-branded itself. We are now Your History Connection!
We are connecting you to Arlington history, through our Fielder Museum, Historic Fielder House, Knapp Heritage Park, and the Historic Cemeteries on Arkansas Lane. We do this through tours, programs, changing exhibits, and special events. We present the Face of Arlington - people, places, and things through these venues.
At the Historic Fielder House, come view our renovations and latest exhibits, including a very special Arlington Downs exhibit. We are excited about our new look inside and outside! Come visit and see how many Faces of Arlington you recognize! Come learn!
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The Parker J13 (GCR Class 9) 0-6-0 Locomotives
The Manchester Sheffield & Lincolnshire Railway (MS&LR, later GCR) Class 9 (LNER J13), was Parker's first standard goods design. Derived from the Kitson No. 561 (LNER D7), one batch of six J13s was built at Gorton in 1889. Although a very small class, the J13 design would form the basis of the later and much more numerous Parker and Pollitt 0-6-0 goods engines (LNER J9 and J10).
The design was noted for having small axle journals, small crank pins, small cabs, and small tenders. Later classes would correct or strengthen most of these aspects of the design.
The original boilers had round-topped fireboxes. Robinson rebuilt the entire class with his "Standard No. 1 Belpaire" boiler between 1910 and 1920. The rebuilds also incorporated extended smokeboxes.
The only modification of note, was the fitting of 'flowerpot' chimneys by the LNER. These chimneys brought the J13s within the Composite Loading Gauge, and was completed in 1930. After 1927, the locomotives with the new chimneys were given the sub-classification of J13/2.
The J13s are believed to have spent their entire lives working in the South Yorkshire coal field. At Grouping (1923), all were allocated to Mexborough where their small wheels proved useful on the steep gradients in the area. Nos. 5570 & 5568 were temporarily allocated to Doncaster in 1930 and 1932, but otherwise the J13s remained at Mexborough until withdrawal. Withdrawals started in 1931, and were completed by 1935.
|Boiler:||Max. Diameter:||4ft 4in|
|Heating Surface:||Total:||1063 sq.ft.|
|Tubes:||964 sq.ft. (190x 1.75in)|
|Grate Area:||18.3 sq.ft.|
|Tractive Effort:||(@ 85% boiler pressure)||19,752lb|
|Weight (full):||Total:||77 tons 16cwt|
|Engine:||40 tons 10cwt|
|Tender:||37 tons 6cwt|
|Max. Axle Load:||15 tons 10cwt|
None of the J13s survived into preservation.
I am not aware of any models of the J13s in any scale.
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I’m sure you will have come across websites asking you if you accept cookies. This is because a range of laws across the globe that are designed to protect your privacy.
But what are cookies, how they do they work and what are the regulations that website operators are accountable to.
Read on to learn more..
What are Cookies?
Cookies are small pieces of data that are stored as text files through your and other users’ browsers.
There are two main types of cookies:
- Persistent cookies, which expire on a set date (some times years after being served)
- Session cookies, which expire once you leave the website.
Websites create cookies for the purpose of storing browsing information, which can later be accessed and used to customise webpages based on what is stored.
Most cookies are automatic, convenient and assist users. Examples of these cookies are when the browser
- Stores your username so that you don’t have to remember it upon returning to the website,
- Keeps items in a virtual shopping cart for you or
- Remembers your location when you visit sites for things like movies and weather.
Other cookies that track browser search history and online activity to deliver targeted adverts could be more controversial.
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
The GDPR works with data protection and considers cookies whenever they retrieve identifiable information about users. Explicit consent (by clicking or closing a pop-up) must be given on part of the user, in keeping with the regulation. The GDPR applies if
- the website,
- the visitor to the website or
- the collection of personal data
is in a European Union country. It therefore possesses legal power in all member countries – unlike the ePrivacy Directive (discussed below).
The European Union ePrivacy Directive
The European Union ePrivacy Directive is a set of principles that countries, in their own capacity, incorporate in their domestic laws. The key principle is that websites within the EU can’t place cookies on users’ browsers without obtaining prior consent. This doesn’t, however, apply when cookies are required to maintain websites’ functioning. Websites can insist on users accepting these necessary cookies. An example of a necessary cookie would be the virtual shopping cart of an online retail store.
The other types of cookies (persistent, session, tracking, marketing and analytic) are grouped as optional cookies.
When websites display messages, either as a pop-up or on their page informing you of the cookie usage, they are adhering to the ePrivacy Directive. These messages may warn users to stop using the site should the cookies not be accepted by them or detail how users can block the cookies.
The POPI regulations do not specifically mention cookies however the PPI (Protection of Personal Information) act does apply to South African website cookies in the fact that a cookie is a text file that could contain personal identification information.
Third-party cookies are created and placed on browsers by random users from different domains (websites) – not the operators of the sites that you are visiting. Third-party cookies can be accessed on other sites. First-party cookies, on the other hand, are placed by the domain that you are visiting and are only accessible to the domain that created them.
An example of a third-party cookie is when a host of adverts (filtered to your preference, according to your cookies) feature on a website. This is able to happen because the third-party cookie is on your browser and accessed whenever you visit websites that show adverts from the advertising network.
Third-party cookies assist the network by informing advertisers how often the average user has seen the same advert. They can also be used to ensure that users view a series of adverts from the same campaign in a particular order or that they don’t continuously see the same advert.
The more controversial cookies, tracking cookies, record the kind of websites you visit and deliver more targeted advertising. Tracking cookies might be obvious. For instance, you may notice adverts for a product on websites that you visit after you have viewed the product’s webpage.
Users’ demand for privacy however, means that most major browsers like Google Chrome aim to phase out third-party cookies by next year. User browser settings that either globally accept third-party cookies or accept/decline individual cookies may then be effected.
When a user allows/agrees to cookies, it is an issue of privacy. You may appreciate the convenience of receiving targeted adverts or you may be concerned that the cookies track your online activity to deliver said adverts. Although it is not a safety issue, as the cookies can’t intercept data transactions nor access files on your computer.
It is important to keep in mind that cookies should not identify you personally. Tracking cookies assist in constructing an overall picture of your browsing activity – not you – in order to determine the adverts that you will receive.
Cookies & Personal Data
Cookies are not personal data, but
- they may contain personal data. For example, a cookie wherein you insert your email might remember it and automatically fill in the remainder of it the next time you type it on the page.
- they can be a part of personal data. For example, a website operator utilises other sources of personal and identifiable information about a user (such as a product you’re interested in) in correlation with the cookies.
Users will frequently be given choices to opt-out of cookies. These choices will present themselves in one of two ways. Either, there’ll be different types of cookies for the user to select or there’ll be an ‘all or nothing’ option.
Again, the options depend on the regulations in place. Under the GDPR for instance, website operators aren’t allowed to make accepting optional cookies a condition that users must meet in order to access the website.
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On 11 June 2015, the Spanish Congress of Deputies (“Congreso de los Diputados”) gave final approval to a law which facilitates the acquisition of Spanish citizenship by descendants of Sephardim (the “Law”). The Law recognizes the close ties between Sephardim and Spain and, in its own words, is designed to establish a “linking point between the Spaniards of today and the descendants of those who were unjustly expelled in 1492”. The Law will come into force on 1 October 2015. From that date, potential applicants have three years, with certain exceptions, to submit their applications for Spanish citizenship in accordance with the procedure stated below.
Under the new Law, in order to acquire Spanish nationality, applicants must be able to prove their Sephardic background as well as special connection to Spain, with no requirement of prior residence in Spain or renouncement of previous nationality.
This newsletter addresses (i) the background of the Law; (ii) the requirements to be satisfied to acquire Spanish nationality; (iii) the procedure to be followed; and (iv) the relevant timeframes.
Prior to the approval of the Law, there were two main ways by which Sephardim could obtain Spanish citizenship:
(i) By legally residing in Spain for at least two years (Section 21.2 of the Spanish Civil Code in connection with Section 22.1); or
(ii) By means of a previous declaration from the Council of Ministers (“Consejo de Ministros”), considered on a case by case basis, whenever “exceptional circumstances” existed in connection with a given person (“Carta de Naturaleza”) (Section 21.1 of the Spanish Civil Code). Being a Sephardi was, in practice, considered as an “exceptional circumstance”.
Typically, Sephardim would select the latter option to obtain Spanish citizenship. Both of the above options required the Sephardim to renounce their previous nationality.
Now, the Law provides that for the purpose of obtaining Spanish citizenship through the Carta de Naturaleza referred to above, “exceptional circumstances” are met by those Sephardim who evidence their Sephardic background and special connection to Spain.
In addition, the Law amends Section 23.b) of the Spanish Civil Code so that applicants who obtain Spanish citizenship pursuant to the new Law are not required to renounce their previous nationality.
2. REQUIREMENTS TO BE SATISFIED TO OBTAIN SPANISH CITIZENSHIP
In order to acquire Spanish nationality, applicants must prove (i) their Sephardic origin; and (ii) a special connection to Spain.
2.1 How to prove the Sephardic origin
For the purpose of proving Sephardic origin, the Law provides the following broad, but non-exhaustive, list of evidence that the applicant may submit in support of their application:
a) Certificate from the Permanent Commission’s President of the Federation of Jewish Communities in Spain. This certificate has special relevance and constitutes the most direct piece of evidence;
b) Certificate from the President (or assimilated) of the applicant’s Jewish community where he/she lives or was born, or from the competent Rabbinical Authority duly recognized as such in the applicant’s country of residence.
When submitting these certificates, the competence of the issuing authority must be, in turn, certified by either:
(i) a certificate issued by the Permanent Commission’s President of the Federation of Jewish Communities in Spain; or
(ii) providing a copy of all of the following documents:
- the original by-laws of the foreign religious organization;
- a certificate of the foreign religious organization stating the name of their legal representatives;
- a certificate acknowledging that the foreign religious organization is legally recognized in its home country; and
- a certificate issued by the legal representative of the religious entity stating that the Rabbi who executed these certificates currently and effectively holds such condition according to the requirements set forth in the organization’s by-laws.
c) Evidence of the use of Ladino or Haketía as the home language, or other proof that demonstrates the applicant belongs to a Sephardic community;
d) Birth certificate, Ketubah or marriage certificate that evidences its celebration according to the customs of Castile;
e) A reasoned report issued by a recognized organization evidencing that the applicant’s surnames are of Spanish Sephardic lineage; and
f) Any other circumstance that evidences the condition of the applicant as a Sephardi with origin in Spain.
2.2 How to prove “special connection” with Spain
The special connection with Spain may be evidenced by the following, which is assessed as a whole:
a) Study certificates of Spanish history and culture issued by official institutions or private organizations with official recognition;
b) Certificate of knowledge of Ladino or Haketía;
c) The inclusion of the applicant, or his/her parents, in the lists of Sephardic families protected by Spain, by means of either the Royal Decree of 29 December 1948 regarding Greece and Egypt, or those who obtained naturalization by means of Royal Decree of 20 December 1924;
d) Evidence of kinship to any of the persons included in letter c) above;
e) Development of charitable, cultural or economic activities in favor of Spanish or Spain-based people or organizations, as well as any other activities aimed at promoting the study, preservation and spreading of the Sephardic culture; and
f) Any other circumstance clearly evidencing a connection between the applicant and Spain.
2.3 Additional requirements
Further, in order for the applicant to acquire Spanish citizenship, the Law provides that the following requirements must be satisfied:
a) Provision of a birth certificate, duly legalized or apostilled, and, if applicable, translated into Spanish by a sworn translator;
b) For applicants of legal age, provision of a criminal record certificate from the applicant’s home country and, if the applicant has resided in another country within five years prior to the application, a criminal record from such country;
c) Passing of an exam to prove basic knowledge of Spanish (at least A2 level of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, which means that the applicant must have an ability to deal with simple, straightforward information and begin to express themselves in familiar contexts);
d) Passing of an exam to evaluate knowledge about the Spanish Constitution and Spanish social and cultural life.
In relation to letters c) and d) above, underage applicants and those without full legal capacity are not required to complete the two exams to prove basic knowledge of Spanish culture and language.
However, such applicants must submit certificates in this respect from their schools, training centers, reception centers or special education centers.
Additionally, applicants from countries or territories in which Spanish is an official language are not required to pass the language exam, but must still pass the exam in relation to the Spanish Constitution and Spanish social and cultural life.
Every document submitted in a language different from Spanish must be duly authorized and, if necessary, legalized or apostilled and translated into Spanish by a sworn translator.
First, the application to acquire Spanish citizenship must be filed online in Spanish and must be addressed to the Directorate General for Registers and Notaries (“Dirección General de los Registros y el Notariado”).
Once submitted, the documents are reviewed and, if the Sephardic origin and the special connection with Spain are initially proved, the Notary Public assigned to the application must arrange a meeting with the applicant in Spain (a legal representative of the applicant could attend that meeting instead of the applicant himself). In assigning a Notary Public to the application, the applicant’s preference of Notary Public will be taken into account.
In this meeting, the applicant must declare under his/her own responsibility that all the facts comprising his/her application are true and correct.
Following this meeting, taking into account its outcome and having reviewed all the documents submitted, the Notary Public must determine whether or not the Sephardic origin and the applicant’s special connection with Spain have been proved and must draw up his/her conclusions in the minutes of the meeting.
If the Notary Public considers that the requirements are met, the Directorate General for Registers and Notaries must request from the relevant bodies of the Ministry of the Presidency (“Ministerio de la Presidencia”) and the Ministry of Interior (“Ministerio del Interior”) a report on the application. The Directorate General for Registers and Notaries must then make a decision on the application (“Decision”).
The Decision is a valid title to be registered at the Civil Registry (“Registro Civil”).
Within one year from the date of the notification of the Decision, the applicant must:
(i) apply for the registration of the title at the Civil Registry;
(ii) submit to the Civil Registry a new and updated criminal record certificate, if appropriate; and
(iii) swear allegiance to the Spanish King and obedience to the Spanish Constitution and Laws before the Civil Registrar. This is a formal requirement with which every applicant for Spanish citizenship must comply.
If the applicant fails to comply with requirements (i), (ii) and (iii) above within the stipulated timeframe (one year after notification of the Decision), the entire procedure will lapse.
The administrative fee to be paid for each application for the acquisition of Spanish citizenship is EUR 100. However the Ministry of Justice is yet to announce the specific details of the payment procedure.
4. Time frame
As stated above, the Law will come into force on 1 October 2015. From that date, potential applicants have three years to submit their applications for Spanish citizenship.
This term may be extended for one year in the discretion of the Council of Ministers resolution (“Acuerdo del Consejo de Ministros”). However, applicants who demonstrate exceptional or humanitarian reasons may apply for Spanish nationality after the time frame of three years has elapsed.
In addition, applicants who have commenced their application for Spanish citizenship under section 21.1 of the Spanish Civil Code prior to the commencement of the Law, may now follow the procedure set out in the new Law.
In relation to the time in which it may take to obtain Spanish citizenship, the Law establishes that the application for Spanish citizenship must be decided within twelve months from the date on which the Directorate General for Registers and Notaries receives the case file and the Ministry provides its report. If this term elapses without an express resolution, the application will be considered rejected.
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Single-Origin Wild Cumin Seeds from Badakhshan, Afghanistan
Burlap & Barrel's Wild Mountain Cumin is grown and foraged in the Hindu Kush mountains, a range in northeastern Afghanistan characterized by steep, rocky peaks and lush, green valleys. Winters with an abundance of snowfall bring equally abundant vegetation come spring, including wild flowering cumin plants (the bunium persicum varietal).
Once you open a jar of Burlap & Barrel's mountain cumin, you'll be enchanted at first smell. Breathe in and you'll be rewarded with an intoxicating aroma that is both bright and warm with rich, toasty notes that linger in the air. These wild cumin seeds may be small in size (they are about half the size of commercially-grown cumin), but they are big on flavor. The seeds are sun-dried, preserving their fragrant aroma and deep, nutty savory flavor.
These wild cumin seeds petite size make them easy to use straight from the jar, no grinding necessary. Add to spice rubs, dressings and marinades or bloom in oil for flavorful sautés, soups and stews.
For an easy spice rub, mix two teaspoons each Pimentón de La Vera DOP and kosher salt with one teaspoon each Mountain Cumin seeds, Urfa Pepper and ground coriander. Use to season everything from lamb chops and chicken thighs to roasted potatoes and vegetables before they hit the grill. Or try pairing this cumin with oregano in this classic recipe for Turkish Meatballs(pictured).
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|
Episode 7: Natural Resources Conservation
Original Air Date: 10/13/11, 7:30 p.m., KCPT
Watch the complete seventh episode below
Episode 7 of Imagine KC focuses on natural resource conservation in the built environment. The show demonstrates why planning for what we don’t build matters just as much as planning for what we do build. Stories look at how preserving the natural environment improves quality of life, reshapes our built environment and creates a more sustainable region by providing benefits to those who live downstream.
This episode also highlights communities that are mixing "green" with "gray" infrastructure to address a number of problems. They are making strategic landscape investments to minimize flooding and water pollution, provide healthy recreation options, protect wildlife habitats and beautify neighborhoods.
We also see how residential and commercial properties are incorporating sustainable features such as rain gardens and green roofs and other green solutions, to bring the built environment and the natural environment closer together.
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| 0.943736
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How open sensor data can help enrich storytelling + bolster the media’s potential role in galvanizing civic engagement with the sciences.
By Lily Bui
Listen up, journalists.
Something interesting is happening, and you should be in the loop. Two words: “sensor journalism.”
The term is not entirely new, as it has circulated the blogosphere again and again. However, it’s been popping up more frequently in my e-mail stream and in conversations I’ve had with people on and offline, which kind of, sort of, really makes the science nerd in me tingle with excitement.
What is sensor journalism?
Sensor journalism refers to a method of generating or collecting data from sensors, then using that data to tell a story. You may think this sounds familiar, especially with the rise of data-driven journalism and the open data movement. However, as Kelly Tyrrell aptly puts it, “sensor journalism is the first cousin of data journalism.”
The distinction is this: instead of scraping data from the internet or existing databases, you are collecting the data (or enlisting the help of others to do so). Using sensors. In real-time.
I know that was a mouthful. So, let me show instead of tell.
My favorite example, to date, is WNYC’s Cicada Tracker. Lead by John Keefe, the project engaged WNYC listeners to build their own temperature sensors at home using instructions provided on the station website. The goal was to crowdsource temperature readings around the east coast to predict the emergence of the Magicicada brood. The data were then collected, visualized (beautifully) on a map, and used to tell a story.
The Cicadas Are Coming! from Radiolab on Vimeo.
Both scientific research and journalistic endeavor begin with the same thing: a question. In answering that question, for both science and journalism, crowdsourcing data allows the public to actively contribute to the investigation of the truth.
Who is gathering the data, and how accurate is it?
To reiterate, the idea of crowdsourced data collection is not new. Maker communities like Instructables, Spark Fun, Public Lab, MakeZine, and DIY.org have been around for a while and often focus on building tools (hardware and software) to make remote measurement possible. People who identify themselves as citizen scientists, hobbyists, or amateur scientists connected to communities like Cornell’s Ornithology Lab, CosmoQuest, SciStarter, Your Wild Life, and Zooniverse are also likely candidates for crowdsourced projects.
“This kind of technology is not for monitoring people,” said Travis Hartman in a recent interview with Current. “It’s for monitoring the environment we all share.” Hartman is a journalism grad student with an idea for a project to deploy a set of sensors throughout Columbia, Missouri, in order to study the city’s sound ecology.
As you’ve probably already picked up, Hartman is a j-student, not a scientist. Like him, many citizen scientists are non-experts (i.e. they don’t hold formal science degrees) but have an avid interest in science. That said, the argument against the quality or legitimacy of crowdsourced data does come up. And I’ll concede that it is, indeed, a valid one. How can we trust the data, even if we can track where it’s coming from? How do we know that build-it-yourself sensors are accurately calibrated and in working condition? Or worse–what if the data are biased or completely wrong? We can’t always know, but that shouldn’t deter us.
[Aside: There is also a phenomenon known as the “wisdom of crowds.”]
An academic paper finds, “Most [citizen science] projects employ multiple mechanisms to ensure data quality and appropriate levels of validation. (Wiggins, et al., 2011)” Some citizen science project managers use crowdsourced data sets in an auxiliary manner to observe general trends rather than precise data points. Then, some projects use crowdsourced data comparatively, with reference to existing academic data. The basic message from the research community seems to be, We know. We’re aware. We’re working on it. We’ve found some solutions in the meantime.
Meanwhile, journalists are also finding ways to use crowdsourced data to contextualize and enrich stories rather than relying on them as a primary means of telling them (e.g. WNYC’s Cicada Tracker). At the end of the day, a healthy level of skepticism can only help advance current methods of crowdsourced data collection, as it suggests room for improvement.
How can open sensors benefit journalists?
When it comes to environmental monitoring, government agencies like the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) do run regularly scheduled tests on air and water quality. However, this data is not always available to or accessible by the public. Also, if something were to affect the air or water quality between testing periods, and a government agency wasn’t aware of it, the public would otherwise be left in the dark about their environment. Bringing DIY-sensors into the picture could potentially democratize the process of monitoring your surroundings. For journalists, these data can offer insight into pertinent issues that eventually influence policy.
In making a case for why journalists should pay attention to and care about open sensor networks, Javaun Moradi writes (on his blog):
“It’s a responsibility that is every bit as noble as reporting and can achieve the journalism goals of informing the public, investigating corruption, speaking for the voiceless, and seeking truth. The other side benefit is that local media can deeply engage with their audience in new ways.”
There’s also another dimension to this. While many citizen science projects are national and international (meaning anyone, anywhere can participate), some are local, focusing their research question on a specific region or city. As we all know, news can also be local–even hyperlocal. What could a more robust relationship between citizen science and the media potentially mean? A few things come to mind off the bat:
- raised public awareness and understanding of scientific research
- a growing culture of civic engagement
- deeper interaction with news audiences + richer storytelling
Local media outlets can also help connect the public to opportunities to take action in their own communities. WHYY-FM (an NPR affiliate station) in Philadelphia has launched a bi-weekly citizen science segment in partnership with citizen science site SciStarter, focusing on projects connected to their broadcast region. A recent story focused on how the public can help report sightings of the woody adelgid in Douglas firs to help scientists track the invasive species in or near Philly. Journalists and media outlets can help facilitate the discovery of these types of local opportunities.
Who else is doing this?
These are some more examples of crowdsourced science (some involving sensors, some not) in the news. No doubt, this is only a small slice of the pie. I sense (get it?) that there is much more brewing beneath the surface.
WBUR: Kite aerial photography to challenge construction permit on nuclear waste site
KPBS: Monitoring shark populations in San Diego
KBIA: Urban sound ecology project
Public Lab’s water monitoring tool, RIFFLE
(There are many other Public Lab tools that can be used for environmental monitoring.)
“What Do Open Sensor Networks Mean for Journalism?” blog post by Javaun Moradi
NBC: How citsci project JellyWatch identified species of salps clogging nearby nuclear reactor
I am enthralled by how many people are trying new things with sensor data. I love this spirit of experimentation that is circulating, and I hope that it’s contagious.
As we move forward into the future, networked sensors will likely become a more integrated part of our lives. With the improvement of wearable tech like Google Glass, the FitBit, Jawbone, and more, will the possibilities for sensor journalism shift from reporting on our environment to deeper stories on data we’ve collected about ourselves and each other? Granted, these projections are not without their caveats. The incipient ubiquity of networked sensors also raises important discussions about surveillance, privacy, and ethics.
For now, I’d love to hear from you! You’ve made it this far, so you’re clearly interested in this conversation too. (That means we just formed a sacred bond. Sorry, you’re stuck.)
Questions: What other sensor projects (related to journalism or otherwise) have you come across? What other applications do you see for open sensor data that people haven’t tried yet? Leave your thoughts in the comment below or tweet me @dangerbui.
Image: Wikimedia (top & bottom right), USGS.gov (top right)
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The name comes from the Brothers Grimm fairly tale Hansel and Gretel. When Hansel went off into the woods, he left a trail of bread crumbs behind to help him find his way back. Unfortunately birds ate them and he and Gretel became lost and ended up almost being eaten by a witch.
I pioneered the use of the bread crumbs bar many years ago. A school asked permission to teach my method. Now you see it everywhere. I don’t know if people got the idea from me, or came up with it independently. It is not rocket science.
The first recorded use of them was by Jakob Nielsen circa 1995.
My original version used left-pointing arrows, to tell you what would happen if you clicked the bread crumb. My latest version uses right-pointing arrows, to indicate the direction you travelled to get to the current point. This is the most common convention.
You are welcome to copy my method and the styles and images to support it. Check out the breadcrumb, firstbreadbcrumb and lastbreadcrumb classes in the style sheet mindprod.css.
This page is posted
Optional Replicator mirror
Your face IP:[22.214.171.124]
You are visitor number|
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I always enjoy the return of the International Space Station (ISS) to the evening sky. It’s fun to look up and know a half dozen people 250 miles up are flying at more than 17,500 mph over my house. For many locations in the northern hemisphere it’s now easy to spot the ISS at dusk as a brilliant, pale yellow “star” moving from west to east. Most passes happen during twilight and last about 5 minutes. Times and links for looking can be found at the end of this blog.
Since the station’s orbit is tilted 51.6 degrees to the Earth’s equator, it swings over the southern tip of South America (51.6 degrees south) back up to 51.6 degrees north across Canada and northern Europe. If you live north or south of 51.6 degrees latitude, no problem. While the ISS will never pass overhead from your high latitude, you can still see it well north and south of its orbital limits because it’s 250 miles high and visible far and wide.
U.S. spacecraft, like the Hubble Space Telescope, are normally launched into orbits inclined 28.5 degrees, the same as Cape Canaveral’s latitude, to take advantage of the Earth’s speed of rotation. Our planet rotates fastest at the equator and slowest at the poles. When you launch a rocket it, gets a free ride in the west to east direction courtesy of our spinning planet. If you want to send a craft into an orbit with an inclination different from the latitude it was launched, you have to burn more fuel. That costs money.
So why not save money by sending the ISS into an orbit equal to Cape Canaveral’s latitude? Sure, but we’re not the only ones running the space station operation. Russia shuttles astronauts and cargo to and from the space station with its Progress and Soyuz spacecraft. The U.S. worked with Russia to pick the best orbital tilt. Since Russia launches Progress and Soyuz from Baikonur (latitude 46 degrees N), a high inclination orbit made economic sense. It also lets astronauts study more of the Earth’s surface compared to an orbit closer to the equator. 75 percent of the planet and 95 percent of its inhabited lands are open to view.
OK great. So why isn’t the orbit inclined 46 degrees? Baikonur’s not too far from the Chinese border as the rocket flies. Any booster stages falling back to Earth after launch would land in China, not the most desirable situation. Launching at the steeper trajectory of 51.6 ensures the boosters remain in Russian with the spacecraft well on its way into space when it passes over China.
With its lower inclination orbit of 28.5 degrees, the Hubble Space Telescope can’t be seen from the northern U.S. and Canada. Had we not cooperated with the Russians on ISS missions, it’s possible that the space station would have been launched into a 28.5 degree orbit and been invisible to skywatchers across large stretches of the globe. Including my town of Duluth!
I’d like to tell you what the astronauts are up to this week, but the government shutdown has shuttered most NASA websites including those connected with the space station and its status. Strangely enough, NASA’s Spotthestation site, which will e-mail you with predictions of where and when to see the ISS, is still up and running.
Below I’ve included times when the station is visible from the Duluth, Minn. region. You can always get predictions for your town from Spaceweather’s Satellite Flyby page or times and handy maps from Heavens Above.
All times CDT:
* Tonight Oct. 10 beginning at 7:30 p.m. Maximum height: 32 degrees. Appears in the south and disappears in the east.
* Fri. Oct. 11 at 8:18 p.m. Max. height: 76 degrees. Appears in the west and disappears nearly overhead
* Sat. Oct. 12 at 8:19 p.m. Max. height: 44 degrees. Appears in the west and disappears in the north.
* Sun. Oct. 14 at 7:31 p.m. Max. height: 57 degrees. Appears in the west and disappears in the northeast
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Historically, Shandong, lying in the north-eastern part of China, was one of the most advanced regions in the country. But that is not its only claim to fame. It is also known for its cuisine, popularly known as Lu cuisine. According to food experts, it is one of the eight culinary traditions of China. Located in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and with a long coastline, the region specialised in fish and seafood preparations. Now Kolkata, which is considered the birthplace of Indian Chinese food, is ready to sample Lu cuisine.
Nori, at The Westin Kolkata Rajarhat, is showcasing Lu cuisine, curated by Chef Ablu Bhowmick. Lu cuisine, often called the ‘mother of northern Chinese cuisine’, is salty, crispy, locks in the flavour and not oily, explained Bhowmick. The ‘bao’ style of stir fry cooking over high heat is popular in Lu cuisine. Another popular method is the ‘pa’ style of cooking where a layer of flour is coated on the meat, which is then stir fried and cooked to crisp.
“Although we had to adapt by way of ingredients, partly due to availability issues,” said chef. “For example, a popular dish in Lu cuisine is braised sea cucumber. But getting sea cucumber in Kolkata is not easy. So we have decided to retain the style of cooking using locally available ingredients.” Lu cooking is low on spices, which is used to highlight the flavour of the dish.
Some of the interesting dishes on the menu include ‘Lu Pepper Chicken’ and ‘Umami Roasted Potatoes’ in appetizers, assorted dimsums such as ‘Jiaodong Seafood Dumpling’ and ‘Corn Nut Dumplings’, ‘Dezhou Braised Chicken’ and ‘Exotic Taisan Vegetables’ in mains. You may round up your meal with desserts such as ‘Candy Sweet Potatoes’ and ‘Black Sesame Steamed Cake’..
The Lu cuisine menu will be available until May 14, 2022, between 7pm and 11pm.
What and where: Lu Cuisine Food Festival at the Nori, The Westin Kolkata Rajarhat, Plot No. CBD/2, Action Area-II, Rajarhat, Kolkata 700156. The meal is priced at Rs 1,999 plus tax. Contact: 91-33-4037 1234.
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Unlike inheritance law in most of the United States and non-Hispanic parts of the world, inheritance law in Puerto Rico is significantly restrictive. The purpose of this restriction is mainly addressed at protecting the family, particularly the children.
With this in mind and as originally developed in the Spanish (meaning from Spain) tradition, children are more important when dealing with inheritance issues.
If this reality is ignored, heirs of non-residents of Puerto Rico can find themselves hugely disappointed when they try to claim any rights based on wills executed outside of Puerto Rico.
Nolla, Palou & Casellas, LLC helps navigate the inheritance law waters for property owners who do not reside in Puerto Rico, and also help heirs who have inherited property or other assets and need help with the transfer of this rights.
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What to Feed a Dog with Diarrhea
Reading Time: 2 mins, 37 secs.
When a dog experiences loose stools, a pet parent realizes what to feed a dog with diarrhea is essential. While the gastrointestinal system receives and processes food, the symptoms of GI distress can painfully manifest in a dog.
For example, GI symptoms like constipation, scooting, abnormally colored stools, flatulence, blood or mucus in stools, bloating, vomiting, and liquid excrement. Furthermore, difficult elimination in a dog or a change of frequency are signs of illness.
The amount and color of stool produced by a dog are affected by diet. On the other hand, large amounts of loose, odorous, or unusually colored stools are abnormal. Mostly, dogs are known to move their bowels once or twice daily. A dog’s excrement is typically solid and brown, so when pet parents notice a change, this should be a cause for concern.
|When a dog experiences these symptoms along with runny stools, visit the Veterinarian:|
Dog Diarrhea Home Feeding Remedies
There are many causes for diarrhea in dogs. If your dog has loose stools, but is otherwise acting normal, try home feeding remedies which can help dog diarrhea. If diarrhea continues and there’s other alarming symptoms, then it’s completely appropriate to seek medical attention from the dog’s Veterinarian.
- Withhold food for 24 hours: Diarrhea can dehydrate your dog, so be sure that he always has access to plenty of fresh water.
- Offer a Bland Meal: Serve four to six small meals throughout the day rather than one big meal.
Make a homemade remedy for dog diarrhea:
– One part broiled lean hamburger to two parts cooked rice.
– Broiled chicken and rice are also an alternative.
– One-part cottage cheese or boiled egg mixed with two parts rice or cooked macaroni.
– When the dog’s diarrhea stops and they are tolerating regular portions of food, consider adding 1 tablespoon of fiber one time a day to the dog’s diet.
- Feed the diet for three days: In this case, even after diarrhea has stopped. On the fourth day, combine this special half-and-half with your dog’s regular food. Continue reducing until by the end of the week. By this time, your dog should be eating standard portion rations.
- Dog Diarrhea exceeding 24 hours: If your dog’s condition worsens, go seek a Veterinarian’s help.
For one thing, prevention of diarrhea in a dog comes down to micromanaging your dog’s intake. All in all, avoid sudden changes to a dog’s diet, feeding him table scraps, milk treats, or leaving the trash can accessible.
Most importantly, keep your dog on top of his vaccinations. Consequently, this help in preventing loose stools and keeping your dog, healthy, happy, and feeling his best.
What to Feed a Dog with Diarrhea FAQ’s
QUESTION: What should you feed a dog with diarrhea?
ANSWER: In detail, offer the diarrhetic dog small, frequent meals. Furthermore, discuss a highly digestible, protein, and carbohydrate diet with your Veterinarian. In the meantime, feed the dog hamburger/chicken mixed with rice.
QUESTION: Does diarrhea in dogs often resolve with the addition of a fiber supplement?
ANSWER: For one thing, adding fiber to a canine’s diet regulates their internal system. Speak to a Veterinarian about which fiber supplements may be appropriate for your pet.
QUESTION: If diarrhea continues for more than a day, and there are other symptoms, should I consult my Veterinarian?
ANSWER: Granted, loose stools are systematically caused by an irritation of the bowel lining, causing the rapid transit of fecal matter. Visiting the Veterinarian ensures that intestinal parasites aren’t the issue as well as other medical conditions.
QUESTION: Is it recommended to treat runny stools in dogs by withholding food for twenty-four hours?
ANSWER: Restoring the gastrointestinal tract expressly brings the dog’s stomach back to a baseline. In general, remove the food dish and specifically, serve water or ice chips. For this reason, the canine stays hydrated while he fasts.
QUESTION: Should only a Veterinarian prescribe an antidiarrheal medication for my dog?
ANSWER: Altogether, it’s dangerous to administer an over-the-counter medication to a canine without your Veterinarian’s approval or recommendation.
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8848 This project, by Gregory Jennings, Maelys Faget, and Kevin Franczuk, tells the story of Jennings’ father, who died during a mountain climbing expedition.
Ah Simon Moreau, Bastien Dubois, and Joris Bacquet created this film about children who get more than they bargain for while eating their soup.
Une Charogne Created by Alexia Cui, Olivier Sipesaque, and Olivier Berry, this animated short uses a pencil-shaded look and style for the imagery.
Caila Christophe Brejon, Bertrand Desurmont, and Thomas Pouwels created this musically inspired short.
Students at Supinfocom, a four-year digital arts college operated by the Chamber of Commerce in Valenciennes, France, has made a name for the school in the computer graphics arena. That’s because for a number of years now, various students from the school have been selected to show their animated short films at the annual SIGGRAPH Animation Festival, either in the prestigious Electronic Theater or Animation Theater. This year, Computer Graphics World was able to get a sneak peek at some of the senior projects that will be submitted to this year’s SIGGRAPH and other animation festivals and competitions throughout the world. After viewing these CG movies and visiting the school itself (see the Editor’s Note, pg. 1), it is apparent as to why the student works are consistently selected by show juries.
At the school, the focus is on art and art history. To this end, students spend the first two years learning the basics—font design, textures, clay sculpting, composition, brush stroke, and more—before utilizing those skills and concepts within a 3D modeling and animation program. Moreover, video courses instill the necessities of still photography and imagery before the students apply that knowledge to moving images. When they finally are given access to a 3D environment, the school randomly assigns them a software program, either 3ds Max or Maya. After learning the raw principles of 3D animation and modeling, the budding artists turn their attention to a project.
Presented on these two pages are some still images from the various CG animated short films by the 2006 graduating class at Supinfocom. Additional images from the projects will appear in next month’s Portfolio section. —Karen Moltenbrey
En Tus Brazos This captivating film from Francois-Xavier Goby, Mathieu Landour, and Edouard Jouret uses a black-and-white look accented with a selective scattering of vibrant red as a former dancer helps her now-crippled partner relive their life in the spotlight.
Gwenn This short from Francois Malary, Florent Esbelin, and Maximilien Decroix uses a simplistic modeling style and color scheme. In the film, the characters come alive in the rain.
Out A unique project from Corentin Laplatte, Samuel Deroubaix, and Jerome Dernoncourt, this animation mixes old clips of Western movies into 3D scenes.
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Harry Hay, Gay Rights Pioneer and Radical Faerie, Turns 100 Years Old
Co-founder of the Mattachine Society and the Radical Faeries, longtime Los Angeles resident Harry Hay would have turned 100 years old on Saturday, April 7. He is widely regarded as the father of the American gay rights movement.
By all accounts, Hay was a major league rebel, holding close to his principles and left-wing political beliefs and sometimes clashing with the gay rights movement as it became more organized over the decades. "I condemn the national gay press for its emphasis on consumerism," he once said.
Hay was born in 1912 in England and moved to Los Angeles with his family in 1919. By 1923, he realized he was attracted to other boys. In 1950, he helped found the Mattachine Society, one of the first organized gay rights groups in the United States.
Hay was not only a gay rights activist but a labor union advocate and Communist. His interest in political activism would continue throughout his life, taking up a water rights cause, for example, in Santa Fe, New Mexico, where he lived for a period of time.
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The activist was also an "anti-assimilationist," believing that joining American mainstream society would be harmful to the gay community.
"We know how to live through their eyes," Hay once said. "We can always play their games, but are we denying ourselves by doing this? If you're going to carry the skin of conformity over you, you are going to suppress the beautiful prince or princess within you."
In the 1970s, Hay co-founded the Radical Faeries, a group that sought to do political work while also creating spiritual renewal within the gay community. Hay seemed obsessed with understanding what it truly meant to be gay and then championing those feminine and masculine traits. Anything too macho was suspect in Hay's eyes.
Hay, who lived with his longtime partner John Burnside, died in 2002. We're still waiting for the bio-pic of this controversial, one-of-a-kind gay rights leader.
On Saturday, April 7, there will be a dedication of the "Mattachine Steps" that lead up to Hay's Silver Lake home and a book signing of Stuart Timmon's biography The Trouble with Harry Hay at Stories bookstore in Echo Park. See Frontiers news editor Karen Ocamb's blog, LGBT POV, for more information.
Contact Patrick Range McDonald at email@example.com.
Get the ICYMI: Today's Top Stories Newsletter Our daily newsletter delivers quick clicks to keep you in the know
Catch up on the day's news and stay informed with our daily digest of the most popular news, music, food and arts stories in Los Angeles, delivered to your inbox Monday through Friday.
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Impact of Gamification in Key Industries
|出版商||Frost & Sullivan||商品編碼||340912|
|出版日期||內容資訊||英文 46 Pages
Motivate, Engage, Empower, and Achieve through Gaming
Gamification is the use of game thinking and mechanics in real-life contexts to solve real-life problems. It is applied to non-game applications to encourage people for better engagement and adoption of processes. Gamification helps users to focus on completion of certain tasks, which are usually considered boring (filling out survey forms, shopping, and reading advertisements and so on). The increased engagement and time spent on content by people through gamification helps users to increase revenue. More engagement with processes and delivery of more user generated content helps brands to understand customers better and improve brand loyalty.
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Do Exercise 2.18 on pages 106-7.
Use the parse tables in Handout # 3 to parse the following program:
A = B * X + 1;Your answer should be similar to the form shown in Figure 2.29 on page 98 (page 91 of the 2nd edition). In the grammar, we used precedence declarations to resolve some shift-reduce conflicts. Suppose we hadn't used the precedence declarations. Then the shift-reduce conflicts would be resolved in favor of the shift rules. So in states 20 and 21, on
'+'the parser would shift and go to state 15, and in state 21, on
'*'the parser would shift and go to state 16.
Supposing this case, how would your answer to the first part of this question differ? Please give the part of the trace that differs.
What is the problem with this result?
homework2 directory, create two files:
bad.cool. The first should be syntactically correct, but
not semantically correct (it will not be run).
At the very least, you should test every grammatical construct and every AST possibility. It should also test 0, 1 and multiple cases where repetition occurs (e.g., in formal parameter lists). You must also test each precedence level against neighboring precedence levels.
Your files should not use the ``native'' keyword.
basic.cool has sufficient good tests of native, and
since you can assume that random people aren't editing it, we don't
need bad tests for ``native.''
In the file bad.cool, it is most important to test that the parser correctly rejects and recovers from errors that the user is likely to make, such as incorrect semicolon use or having an empty repetition in a situation where a repeated entity must occur at least once.
You should also test recovery at all three levels of required error recovery: classes, features, and expressions in a block.
You can check out your test coverage using the
test3 -v good.cool bad.cool(Our solution only scores 125/126.)
CS 754: Compiler Construction Spring 2017
Please read Section 2.4.3 (on the CD). Please also look at the figures that go along with this section.
Read the following papers:
The family of tools including ANTLR and JavaCC have a very different philosophy. Compare these tools to the `yacc' family; what are the advantages and disadvantages. Cite published work.
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Icklingham, All Saints Church
History, tourist information, and nearby accommodation
HERITAGE HIGHLIGHTS: Medieval tiled floor
Icklingham stands at an important junction on the ancient Icknield Way, a major transportation route established before the coming of the Romans to Britain.
We are fortunate that Icklingham was divided into two parishes, served by two churches. St James church was used for most services, and All Saints was simply cleaned and repaired but not updated. The windows are magnificent, particularly the east window of the south aisle, which dates to 1320 and boasts superbly intricate tracery of repeating quatrefoil patterns. Flanking the large east window are ornate niches that would originally have held statues of saints. All three church doorways date to the early 14th century.
The church seems almost organic; the roof is made of thatch, the walls of local flint. The interior features some very nice carving on the north and south walls and in the aisle. The windows have fine 14th century tracery and large sections of the original medieval stained glass still remain. Glass panels in the south aisle windows depict a pair of saints and there are more 14th century glass fragments in the chancel.
The four-bay arcade is supported on octagonal piers and the aisle roof is based on a design of scissor braces. Beneath the aisle walls is a frieze of ball-flower carvings. The pulpit is Jacobean, carved with traditional blind arcading and linenfold panelling.
The octagonal font is 14th century, with each side showing a unique traceried carving. The very attractive tiled floor in the chancel and sanctuary is also 14th century. The tiles are all individually crafted, each to a unique size, shape, and colour pattern, together creating as stunning mosaic pattern.
There is a very nice Jacobean reading desk that looks for all the world like a fancy squire's box pew. Under the tower is a 19th century funeral bier, and by the north doorway is a 13th century stone coffin lid, found under the church floor.
In 2003 repairs to the churchyard wall revealed a rare length of original medieval wall.
All Saints is no longer used for regular services and is cared for by the Churches Conservation Trust. It has remained almost completely unaltered over the last century and offers a unique glimpse into the past. The church is normally open to visitors daily.
About Icklingham, All Saints Church
Address: Icklingham, Suffolk, England, IP28 6PU
Attraction Type: Historic Church
Location: 8 miles north west of Bury St Edmunds on the A1101
Website: Icklingham, All Saints Church
Churches Conservation Trust
Photo Credit: David Ross and Britain Express
We've 'tagged' this attraction information to help you find related historic attractions and learn more about major time periods mentioned.
Historic Time Periods:
Find other attractions tagged with:
NEARBY HISTORIC ATTRACTIONS
Heritage Rated from 1- 5 (low-exceptional) on historic interest
West Stow Anglo-Saxon Village - 2 miles (Museum)
West Stow, St Mary's Church - 3.4 miles (Historic Church)
Wordwell, All Saints Church - 3.6 miles (Historic Church)
Yielden Castle - 4.3 miles (Castle)
Suffolk Regiment Museum - 7 miles (Museum)
Moulton Packhorse Bridge - 7 miles (Historic Building)
Dalham, St Mary's Church - 7.1 miles (Historic Church)
Moyses Hall Museum - 7.4 miles (Museum)
Nearest Accommodation to Icklingham, All Saints Church:
Nearest Self Catering Cottages
Nearest Bed and Breakfasts
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Epigenetics and Nanomedicine
CINN’s Nanomedicine research group was established in 2015 as a result of the center’s increased activity in the biomedical field.
The ongoing research lines are focused on six main areas:
- Application of next generation technologies in the search for epigenetic biomarkers related to aging and human tumorigenesis which are useful in clinical practice.
- Identification of epigenetic changes in response to nanomaterials, and especially to graphene and graphenic nanomaterials.
- Development of nanocarriers for epigenetic antitumor drug delivery.
- Analysis in situ of the subcellular architecture through nanotomography and image processing and application to the study of neurodegenerative diseases.
- Novel inorganic antimicrobial products.
- Tissue engineering: Solutions to avoid peri-implantitis, ceramic materials for long-lasting implants, bone scaffolds, etc.
Our researchers also lead 3 of the research groups of the Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA):
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11 Dec ICO’s Guide to the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”)
The UK’s supervisory authority, the Information Commissioner’s Office (hereinafter, “ICO”), has recently published a Guide to the General Data Protection Regulation (hereinafter, the “Guide”). The Guide is addressed to those who have day-to-day responsibility for data protection and aims to explain the provisions of EU Regulation 2016/679 (hereinafter, “GDPR”), in order to concretely help organisations to comply with its requirements.
The Guide includes links to relevant sections of the GDPR itself, to other ICO guidance and to guidance produced by the EU’s Article 29 Working Party.
The Guide is divided into several sections, which can be summarized as follows.
Since the Guide is conceived as a living document, this section will be dedicated to an overview of the latest news concerning GDPR and will be updated on a monthly basis by the ICO.
These sections specify the field of application of the GDPR and the definitions of personal and sensitive data, clarifying the provisions of Article 5, 6 and 9(2) of the GDPR.
This section offers some clarifications about the importance of the collection of an appropriate consent and its management, including three small checklists dedicated to the activities of asking, recording and the management of consent.
ICO dedicates a section to the explanation of the different rights of the data subjects provided by the GDPR (right to be informed, right of access, right to rectification, right to erasure, right to restrict processing, right to data portability, right to object, rights related to automated decision making including profiling).
The Guide includes a section dedicated to the provisions that promote accountability and governance of data controllers and processors, which contains a list of actions recommended to demonstrate compliance.
The section at stake is dedicated to the data processing agreements between data controllers and data processors and includes two checklists containing some compulsory details and terms, as well as processors’ responsibilities, which should be inserted in the agreement.
This section offers some clarifications about the obligation to maintain internal records of processing activities.
This section briefly describes the principles of data protection by design and by default and refers to the ICO’s guidance on privacy by design.
The Guide specifies what a Data Protection Impact assessment is, when it is needed and what information it should contain.
In this section the ICO clarifies when a DPO should be appointed, which are its tasks and qualifications, where the role of DPO could be allocated and the possible duties of employers.
This section is dedicated to Codes of conduct and certification with a special focus on their practical implications.
In this section the ICO refers to its previously produced guidance as a good starting point for organisations, which assist them in securing the personal data they hold.
The Guide contains an overview of the principles concerning the data transfers, with a special focus on what could be considered as appropriate safeguards.
This section refers to the Article 29 Working Party’s recent guidelines on Personal data breach notification and specifies what a personal data breach is and when its notification to the supervisory authority and communication to data subjects are mandatory.
The ICO dedicates a section to the derogations to the provision of the GDPR permitted by the GDPR itself.
This last section is dedicated to provisions concerning the protection of children’s personal data, with a special focus on the requirements needed in case of offering online services to children.
The Guide can be used by those who have day-to-day responsibilities with respect to data protection in order to increase their compliance, obtain clarifications on how to interpret provisions of the GDPR and to get a monthly update on the latest news concerning the GDPR.
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Stephen M.R. Covey
- The 5 Communication Habits All Leaders Need to Motivate a TeamInc.
- Employees Naturally Trust Leaders That Show These 5 Powerful HabitsInc.
- Don't Quit Your Job if Your Boss Displays These 5 Awesome HabitsInc.
- A Lesson in Leadership: How to Powerfully Influence Others by Doing These 5 Things Every DayInc.
- Self-Trust Boosts Integrity And Sales Performancememphisdailynews.com
- 5 Most Important Attributes All Good Leaders NeedInc.
- The Brutal Truth About Who You Should Really Promote to ManagementInc.
- The 1 Behavior That Makes Good Leaders Into Great OnesInc.
- How Remarkable Leaders Make Their Employees Feel Valued, Says ScienceInc.
- 5 Leadership Behaviors You Want in a High Potential EmployeeInc.
- On the Horizon – January 23, 2015csbj.com
- Covey’s theme: Trustcsbj.com
- Wearable Technology, Psychadelics and Other 2015 Predictionshuffingtonpost.ca
- Trust: It’s our community’s valued currencycsbj.com
Newstral's extraction of names of people and organisations from the world's news is completely automated. If you do not want your name to appear here, please contact us. We will be happy to look at your request.
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Airborne Operations [2-3.7 AC.F] - TAB F
AIRLIFT IN THE DOMINICAN CRISIS
When civil strife broke out in the Dominican Republic in April 1965, the United States decided to dispatch troops to protect American lives and to prevent a possible Castro-type takeover by Communist elements. Marines were landed on 28 April from ships offshore and two battalions of the 82d Airborne Division and their supporting forces were ordered to move with minimum essential equipment from Pope Air Force Base, North Carolina, to Ramey Air Force Base, Puerto Rico, on the 29th of April.
POWER PACK I, as the 3d Brigade, 82d Airborne Division, was designated for the move, contained 2,253 men. Approximately 67 hours after it was alerted, lead elements of POWER PACK I became airborne. Employing 111 heavy drop aircraft and 33 personnel carrying aircraft, the 3d Brigade headed for Puerto Rico. While enroute, however, Washington political and military leaders changed the destination of the force to San Isidro Airfield, Dominican Republic and ordered the 3d Brigade to airland instead of airdrop. This change caused some immediate problems since ground materiel handling equipment was not available at San Isidro to unload heavy drop loads and the equipment had to be unloaded manually. In addition San Isidro soon became saturated and only the 33 personnel carrying and 46 of the heavy drop aircraft were able to land on the 29th. This development separated the troops from much of their equipment at a critical moment. Fortunately no opposition to the landings arose and the missing equipment which had been landed at Puerto Rico was flow in to San Isidro the following day.
POWER PACK II, the 2d Brigade (-) of the 82d Airborne Division, was
- 1 -
alerted on 28 April and ordered to move to the Dominican Republic on 1 May. The force contained two airborne battalions and supporting elements with a total of 2,276 men. Using the same planes as the 3d Brigade on a shuttle basis as they became available, the POWER PACK II force also arrived in the Dominican Republic approximately 72 hours after it was alerted.
The third echelon of the 82d Airborne Division, POWER PACK III, contained the remainder of the 2d Brigade, consisting of two airborne battalions and support forces, and elements of the 5th Logistical Command to provide logistical backup; it totalled 3,302 men and officers. POWER PACK III was shuttled in between the afternoon of 2 May and the morning of 3 May.
With the bulk of six airborne battalions concentrated in the vicinity of San Isidro Airfield located east of the capital city of Santo Domingo, the Army units moved west to link up with the Marine forces that had already established a safety zone in the city itself. A junction between the Army and Marine forces took place on the morning of 3 May and a perimeter was set up.
POWER PACK IV, the fourth echelon of the 82d, consisted of the 1st Brigade with three airborne battalions and support forces with a total of 3,000 men an officers. It began to deploy from the United States on the shuttling aircraft on 3 May and completed its move to the Dominican Republic the following morning.
Thus, in the five day period between 29 April and 4 May, over 10,500 men of the 82d Division and supporting elements were airlifted into the Dominican Republic. Additional Army units with a strength of about
- 2 -
3,000 men including the remainder of the 82d Airborne Division, Special Forces troops, psychological warfare units, signal and transportation elements, arrived in the Dominican Republic prior to 9 May. Together with over 4,000 Marines and over 1,000 Air Force personnel, the U.S. Forces in the Dominican Republic established firm control of the corridor between the San Isidro Airfield and of the safety zone in Santo Domingo.
- 3 -
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We have released a new statement summarising our campaign priorities as the discussion on devolution of abortion law continues:
Abortion Rights is the national pro-choice campaign, working to defend and extend women’s rights and access to free, safe, legal abortion. We oppose any attack on the 1967 Abortion Act, whilst also arguing for the improvements which would allow women to make their own reproductive decisions without legal barriers, obstructions or delays. We seek to improve women’s access to, and experience of, abortion, in the UK, in particular supporting the campaign for women’s rights in Northern Ireland, where access to choice on abortion is still denied. Currently there are barriers to women in Scotland seeking later terminations in line with the provisions of the 1967 Act.
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Worried by the COVID-19 and drops of oil prices, banks across Nigeria have chosen to reduce the amount of foreign currency their customers spend abroad.
Guaranty Trust Bank Plc is among the banks reducing the money spent by customers internationally. The bank lowered the maximum amounts that customers could spend on naira-denominated cards to $1,500 from $3,000. Zenith Bank Plc lowered its limit from $1,000 from $3,000.
The Central Bank of Nigeria recently changed its exchange rate between naira and US dollar to N360/$1 from 307/$1. The event marked the first official devaluation of the naira since 2017.
In response to the effects of the virus on the populace, banks have also contributed money to efforts that are being made to stop the spread of the virus. Three commercial banks committed over N500 billion to push against the pandemic. Standard Chartered recently announced that it would commit $1 billion to finance companies providing goods and services to help in quenching the fires of the pandemic.
With oil being Nigeria’s biggest export, the government could be in for a rough road as oil price wars intensify. The nation could face major challenges in funding its $37 billion budget which it passed at a benchmark oil price of $57 per barrel, double its current prices.
The US, despite being a major cause of the price wars, is facing an even tougher time. The US, recently presented a $6 trillion stimulus package, could find its dollar losing significant amounts of its value as the economic effects of the coronavirus and the price wars get worse.
Global events threaten the fiat of both big and small economies. Nations which have already faced major devaluations of their currencies have turned to digital currencies as a lifeline. Bitcoin has helped Venezuelans through times of economic chaos. More citizens of nations around the world may soon make similar claims.
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Should I remove GEMstudio?
What percent of users and experts removed it?
1% remove it99% keep it
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Be the first to rate (click star to rate)
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from Amulet Technologies
GEMstudio V18.104.22.168 is a software program developed by Amulet Technologies. The primary executable is named gemstudio.exe. The setup package generally installs about 4 files. Relative to the overall usage of those who have this installed, most are running it on Windows 7 (SP1). Most users that have installed this software come from the United States.
Installation folder: C:\Program Files\AmuletTechnologies\GEMstudio\
Uninstaller: "C:\Program Files\AmuletTechnologies\GEMstudio\unins000.exe"
Files installed by GEMstudio V22.214.171.124
How do I remove GEMstudio?
Quickly and completely remove GEMstudio V126.96.36.199 from your computer by downloading "Should I Remove It?", its 100% FREE and installs in seconds (click the button below).
Or, you can uninstall GEMstudio from your computer by using the Add/Remove Program feature in the Window's Control Panel.
- On the Start menu (for Windows 8, right-click the screen's bottom-left corner), click Control Panel, and then, under Programs, do one of the following:
When you find the program GEMstudio V188.8.131.52, click it, and then do one of the following:
- Windows Vista/7/8: Click Uninstall a Program.
- Windows XP: Click Add or Remove Programs.
Follow the prompts. A progress bar shows you how long it will take to remove GEMstudio.
- Windows Vista/7/8: Click Uninstall.
- Windows XP: Click the Remove or Change/Remove tab (to the right of the program).
Uninstall it 1%
Keep it 99%
MOST USED OS
Windows 7 (SP1)
100.00% of installs come from the United States
Which countries install it?
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mtDNAmanager: a Web-based tool for the management and quality analysis of mitochondrial DNA control-region sequences
© Lee et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2008
Received: 18 September 2008
Accepted: 17 November 2008
Published: 17 November 2008
For the past few years, scientific controversy has surrounded the large number of errors in forensic and literature mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) data. However, recent research has shown that using mtDNA phylogeny and referring to known mtDNA haplotypes can be useful for checking the quality of sequence data.
We developed a Web-based bioinformatics resource "mtDNAmanager" that offers a convenient interface supporting the management and quality analysis of mtDNA sequence data. The mtDNAmanager performs computations on mtDNA control-region sequences to estimate the most-probable mtDNA haplogroups and retrieves similar sequences from a selected database. By the phased designation of the most-probable haplogroups (both expected and estimated haplogroups), mtDNAmanager enables users to systematically detect errors whilst allowing for confirmation of the presence of clear key diagnostic mutations and accompanying mutations. The query tools of mtDNAmanager also facilitate database screening with two options of "match" and "include the queried nucleotide polymorphism". In addition, mtDNAmanager provides Web interfaces for users to manage and analyse their own data in batch mode.
The mtDNAmanager will provide systematic routines for mtDNA sequence data management and analysis via easily accessible Web interfaces, and thus should be very useful for population, medical and forensic studies that employ mtDNA analysis. mtDNAmanager can be accessed at http://mtmanager.yonsei.ac.kr.
The outstanding features of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) – such as its high mutation rate, absence of recombination, stability and the large number of genome copies per cell – have led to its wide utilization in various disciplines, including population, medical and forensic genetics. For the past few years, scientific controversy has surrounded the large numbers of errors detected in much of the previously published mtDNA data [1, 2]. In extreme cases erroneous data can alter the main conclusion of a study , requiring confirmation of the absence of errors before proceeding to further analysis or drawing meaningful conclusions. Since phylogenetic investigations and database screening could have detected prevalent errors in published data sets, methodologies based on mtDNA haplogroup determination and comparisons with existing mtDNA haplotypes were proposed for preventing mtDNA errors [4, 5]. In particular, the phylogenetic approach – which is the key tool used to understand the structure of the mtDNA data under study – was shown to be very useful for systematic reanalysis of an mtDNA data set. According to data and part of the phylogeny, it was reported to detect approximately 50% of all sequence errors and hence has formed a starting point to localizing a sequence to a part of the phylogeny, at least to the level of the haplogroup for systematic error detection. Refinement of mtDNA phylogeny with more diagnostic mutations would facilitate the detection of more errors in mtDNA sequence data since it is based on mutation motifs, and if haplogroup determination fails, a neighbourhood search for sequences in the available database could identify a subset of potentially closely related sequences, thereby allowing researchers to pinpoint errors in the sequence by comparing the sequence in question with a limited subset of the total database . However, manual haplogroup estimation requires a thorough understanding of the worldwide mtDNA phylogeny, and database screening for systematic error detection requires high-quality databases that are publicly available.
The Human Mitochondrial DataBase (HmtDB) has been designed and implemented using automatically running bioinformatics tools to facilitate mtDNA haplogroup determination . The HmtDB is a database of 1255 human mitochondrial genomes annotated with population and variability data that allows researchers to analyse their own mtDNA sequences and to automatically predict their haplogroups, yielding a list of haplogroups that match. However, haplogroup determination is carried out by comparing the complete mitochondrial genome sequences with the updated mtDNA haplogroup classification based on information of the coding-region single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for about 100 mtDNA haplogroups and subhaplogroups. Accordingly, haplogroup estimation using the HmtDB would be useful for researchers dealing with complete mitochondrial genome sequences, but would not be applicable to the detection of possible errors when researchers have only mtDNA control-region sequences.
As for the database, the EDNAP (European DNA Profiling Group) mtDNA Population Database (EMPOP) is notable because it was established through a collaborative project in order to provide reliable frequency estimates for routine forensic casework . The EMPOP was designed to be a high-quality, Web-based mtDNA database where primary sequence-lane data are permanently linked to compiled sequences, and phylogenetic quality control analyses are applied to data to check for errors . Currently, the EMPOP contains 5173 high-quality mtDNA haplotypes that are classified into sub-Saharan African, West Eurasian, East Asian and Southeast Asian metapopulations, and thus enables users to assess the rarity of a forensic mtDNA haplotype in various populations. However, due to somewhat narrow query options and inconvenient method used to display the results, its query tool appears to be optimized for calculating frequency estimates for random matches rather than for database screening to detect possible mtDNA errors. Also, the EMPOP does not allow batch analyses. In addition to the accessibility of high-quality databases to generate reliable frequency estimates, the addition of batch analysis of mtDNA sequence data and the construction of a user's database would be greatly beneficial to forensic staff.
Here we present a Web-based bioinformatics resource called mtDNAmanager that provides a convenient interface supporting the management and quality analysis of mtDNA sequence data. The mtDNAmanager performs computations on mtDNA control-region sequences for estimating the most-probable mtDNA haplogroups, and retrieves similar sequences from a selected database. The aims of mtDNAmanager are (1) to allow researchers to automatically estimate the most-probable mtDNA haplogroups of their mtDNA control-region sequences, (2) to facilitate database screening with improved query tools and (3) to provide researchers with a convenient interface for managing and analysing their own data in batch mode. A query system in mtDNAmanager allows researchers to find sequences in the database that include queried nucleotide polymorphisms or to exhibit matches from either a selected population or the entire population. Inputted mtDNA sequences, which are either partial or whole mtDNA control-region sequences, are entered as differences relative to the revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS) . During sequence searches, mtDNAmanager automatically estimates corresponding haplogroups for submitted data and calculates frequency estimates for random matches. Retrieved sequences are also annotated with the estimated haplogroup affiliation to highlight nucleotide polymorphisms that are specific to a certain group of mtDNA haplotypes. This application provides the first publicly available interface to automatically estimate the most-probable mtDNA haplogroups according to control-region mutation motifs, thereby facilitating data comparisons from a phylogenetic perspective.
The most-probable haplogroup of a given mtDNA sequence is estimated using a mathematical algorithm based on propositional logic via hierarchical verification of the presence or absence of haplogroup-specific diagnostic mutations. For that purpose, reliable control-region mutation motifs (strings of characteristic/diagnostic mutations shared by descent) for the assignment of more than 400 mtDNA haplogroups and subhaplogroups were first identified based on well-characterized mtDNA phylogenies (see the list of mutation motifs at http://mtmanager.yonsei.ac.kr/help/MutationMotifs.pdf) [10–49]. Mutation motifs of most of the haplogroups could immediately be read from the mtDNA tree. However, since each position of the mutation motif displays different mutation rates and homoplasy mutations are also observed in multiple motifs, individual diagnostic positions were weighted in each haplogroup background. To this end, polymorphisms of representative haplotypes allocated to the corresponding haplogroup or subhaplogroup were screened against other closely related mtDNA haplotypes. According to the mutation stability and specificity in each haplogroup background, individual diagnostic sites were classified into clearer diagnostic mutations and their accompanying mutations. To obtain mutation frequencies, published high-quality data were mostly used, but the data found on Internet resources were also used. The clear key diagnostic mutations of a certain haplogroup could be a single mutation or a combination of multiple mutations. They were selected from the polymorphic sites observed in every haplotype of the corresponding haplogroup (100% specificity) and mostly were not shared with any other haplogroups. On the other hand, accompanying mutations are also observed in almost every haplotype of the corresponding haplogroup (>95% specificity), but could include polymorphic sites observed in another haplogroups. Based on these haplogroup-specific mutation motifs, the bioinformatics tools of mtDNAmanager designates the "expected haplogroup" when a queried data sequence possesses clear diagnostic mutations, and designates the "estimated haplogroup" when the data indicate the presence of accompanying mutations additional to the clear diagnostic mutations.
This haplogroup-estimation workflow gives priority to certain haplogroups according to their degree of specificity to corresponding population groups. Therefore, the bioinformatics tools of mtDNAmanager have a hierarchy consisting of several levels of mutation motifs. Since all of the key diagnostic mutations equally have very high specificity for their corresponding haplogroups or subhaplogroups, the levels of mutation motifs in haplogroup designation were determined by the mutation stability of each mutation motif. Therefore, within a certain haplogroup branch, subhaplogroups have a higher priority than their root haplogroups, and among haplogroups of different branches, haplogroups associated with key diagnostic sites that have a lower mutation frequency in a certain population group have a higher priority. However, since mutation frequencies and specificities differ among population groups, the order of haplogroup designations in a hierarchical analysis of diagnostic mutations varied with the population group represented in the queried sequence. In addition, for two different haplogroups with identical key diagnostic mutations, the haplogroup with the highest prevalence in a certain population group has designation priority.
The data set used to test the bioinformatics tools of mtDNAmanager contained more than 5000 mtDNA control-region sequences whose haplogroup affiliations were available from previous publications or on the Internet. Actually, the bioinformatics tools of mtDNAmanager allowed more than 98% of mtDNA to be allocated to an appropriate mtDNA haplogroup or subhaplogroup. For data sets with haplogroup information confirmed by coding-region SNPs, relatively good concordance was also observed between the expected and reference haplogroups (e.g. the concordance of 140 African Americans, 273 Austrians and 593 Koreans was 99.3%, 99.3% and 99.7%, respectively) [34, 50, 51].
Content and design of the open database
The current open database of mtDNAmanager contains 7090 mtDNA control-region sequences grouped in the following five subsets: African (n = 1388), West Eurasian (n = 2857), East Asian (n = 1557), Oceanian and Admixed (n = 1288) [50–62]. All of the mtDNA control-region sequences were annotated with estimated haplogroup affiliations using the mtDNAmanager bioinformatics tools. In cases where a data sequence had been assigned to a certain haplogroup in a previous study, relevant haplogroup information is provided in the output results.
The frequency of a queried nucleotide polymorphism or sequence is estimated from the number of times (x) that it appears in a database of size n (that is generally known as the counting method) while taking into account uncertainty due to sampling errors. This frequency is therefore estimated as (x+2)/(n+2) , and is represented as the "match probability".
Design of user database
Input queries are entered as differences relative to the rCRS according to ISFG (International Society for Forensic Genetics) guidelines . When a difference between sequence data and the rCRS is observed, only the site (which has a designated number) and nucleotide differing from the reference standard are recorded (e.g. "73G"). Insertions are recorded by first noting the site immediately 5' to the insertion followed by a decimal point and a "1" (for the first insertion), a "2" (if there is a second insertion) and so on, and then the nucleotide that is inserted is recorded (e.g. "315.1C"). Deletions are recorded by listing the missing site followed by a "d" (i.e. "249d"). For convenience, transition mutations can be recorded by listing the site and omitting the indication of the nucleotide difference. However, transversion mutations are recorded in every case (e.g. "73" versus "73C") in which the nucleotide differs from the reference standard. Polymorphic sites can be separated using a space, return or comma character. Sequence searches are allowed to show matches even when no data (i.e. no differences relative to the rCRS) have been submitted, since some Europeans possess mtDNA control-region sequences identical to the rCRS. The frequencies of nucleotide polymorphisms that are identical to the rCRS can also be obtained by entering the site and nucleotide polymorphisms of the rCRS or by entering the site with "=" (e.g. "73A" and "73=") using the include setting.
Input sequence example 1: 16304C 73G 249d 263G 315.1C
Input sequence example 2: 16304 73 249d 263 315.1C
To import data through the sample system in batch mode, the sample group should first be generated by the user. User-defined sample groups are added to the group list by clicking the "Add" button and entering their names and properties. Then, batch input files are prepared in a text file to be imported into a specific, user-defined group. Input files are initially prepared as Excel files that contain both the mtDNA sequence data and descriptions of the properties of the data (see examples at http://mtmanager.yonsei.ac.kr/help/Examples.xls). The mtDNA sequence data are entered using the same method as input queries. The Excel file is then saved as a text file (separated by tabs) that is imported to a specific user-defined group of the sample system. Input sequences can also be uploaded one by one using the "Add" button on the sample list.
Results from mtDNAmanager are displayed on the same page on which the query was submitted (Figure 2). While showing retrieved sequences, mtDNAmanager shows frequency estimates for random matches from a selected group and the automatically estimated haplogroup affiliations for submitted data. Queried nucleotide polymorphisms that are either identical to the rCRS or entered as IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) codes for point heteroplasmy are indicated as such under "Comments". Frequency estimates for all of the population groups in the database can be obtained by clicking the "Worldwide Frequency" button, and the cross-match result can be obtained by clicking the "Match All" button. The retrieved sequences are displayed with estimated haplogroup affiliations (both expected and estimated haplogroups), nucleotide polymorphisms and, if available, the haplogroup affiliations obtained from previous reports. Therefore, mtDNAmanager should facilitate the comparison of sequences that share the same nucleotide polymorphisms from a phylogenetic perspective. In addition to the Web-page presentation tools, retrieved sequences can be exported as an Excel file for user convenience.
The mtDNAmanager can be used to manage large amounts of mtDNA data as well as to estimate the quality of mtDNA data and compare such data with similar sequences from a phylogenetic perspective. The application provides systematic routines for error detection and strategies for screening mtDNA databases by enabling researchers to automatically estimate the most-probable mtDNA haplogroups and search the database with two alternative settings (include and match).
Frequency estimates and sequences retrieved using the include setting indicate the rarity of a nucleotide polymorphism in databases and show similar sequences that share queried nucleotide polymorphisms. Accordingly, mtDNAmanager can reveal unusual, private mutations (Figure 4B) and suggest a subset of potentially close relatives annotated with estimated haplogroup affiliations even when the haplogroup estimation of a queried sequence data fails (Figure 5B). This will highlight nucleotide polymorphisms that are specific to the retrieved group of mtDNA haplotypes and help to distinguish sites that should be analysed further. In other cases, retrieved sequences with estimated haplogroup affiliations will contribute to completing and refining haplogroup classification by revealing mutation sites that are specific to a new branch of phylogeny. Therefore, to improve mtDNA database screening, we will continue to collect and integrate high-quality mtDNA control-region sequence data that are publicly available.
In addition, mtDNAmanager provides a convenient interface that allows users to construct and analyse their own databases. Therefore, users can collect high-quality data from public databases (e.g. EMPOP) or direct sequencing results to construct their own databases. mtDNAmanager will suggest the most-probable mtDNA haplogroups for all of the sequences in the database, allowing users to also easily estimate the quality of the database. Researchers will therefore be able to select and use the most appropriate database for error detection based on their own evaluation of the quality of the available databases.
The mtDNAmanager supports the management and quality analysis of mtDNA sequence data using software that performs computations on mtDNA control-region sequences for estimating the most-probable mtDNA haplogroups. mtDNAmanager will help in checking the quality of data and facilitate data comparisons from a phylogenetic perspective by displaying information – estimated haplogroup affiliations and nucleotide polymorphisms – of all sequences on a single page. In addition, mtDNAmanager provides researchers with a convenient interface for managing and analysing their own data in batch mode. Therefore, this tool could be very useful for population, medical and forensic studies that involve mtDNA analysis.
Availability and requirements
Project name: A Web-based tool for the management and quality analysis of mitochondrial DNA control-region sequences
Project home page: http://mtmanager.yonsei.ac.kr
Operating system(s): Microsoft Windows
Other requirements: Optimized for Internet Explorer version 6.0 or later
Any restrictions to use by non-academics: None
This work was supported by a Korean Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (No. M10740030002-07N4003-00210), and grants from the Ministry of National Defense Agency for Killed In Action Recovery and Identification (MAKRI).
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Flushing the AC system of your car is essential. To save costs, you may not need to take it to a mechanic to do it for you. You can do it yourself if you have the right tools and follow proper guidelines. You're on the right page if you're looking for how to drain your car's AC system, as we have researched and gathered enough information.
To drain your car AC system, clean all the tubes, conders, and evaporators by disconnecting your air conditioning system. Reconnect everything while examining each component for damage.
When you have enough refrigerant in your system, fill your line through the low-side pressure port and check to see if the air conditioner is blowing cold air.
Anytime you change your AC compressor, it is mandatory to flush your AC system. To know more about AC system flushing, keep reading as we provide a more in-depth explanation for you.
Before you continue reading, let us say We hope you find the links here useful. If you purchase something through a link on this page, we may get a commission, so thank you!
How To Drain A Car's AC System
Here are the steps to follow to empty your car's AC system:
Step 1: Gather Your Tools
Before you start, wear your work clothes, glasses, and all equipment you will need for this operation.
You'll need a flush gun, and you'll also need to check your compressor to see if it is still functioning.
You need to check if there are proper attachments for the flush gun to the compressor. Also, ensure you have the main gauge, vacuum pump, AC recovery machine, and tank.
Step 2: Select A Place To Work
You must be on a surface that is flat to do this operation. Make sure you can park and work without interruption because it can take a full day.
It would be advisable to carry out this task in a spacious garage for movement and labor—no need to jack up your vehicle.
Step 3: Park Your Car And Leave It Idle
Put the parking brake on as you position your car in the space. Because idling your vehicle will keep fluid moving, you'll receive the best results.
But you shouldn't perform this procedure shortly after going for a drive. Because you'll be working in your engine bay, you don't want the metal components to boil.
With your car off, you can accomplish this. The only issue is that the refrigerant will be stagnant and could be lying inside a loop somewhere in the system.
Step 4: Find The Necessary Parts
The evaporator, condenser, and liquid line are the three components that you must locate to flush your air conditioning system.
The evaporator is located close to your car's sheet metal in the back of the engine compartment.
An inlet and an outlet with metallic fins running up and down are on it. Near your radiator in the front is where you'll find the condenser.
Along with having an inlet and output port, it also includes tubes that resemble fins going over it.
Step 5: Identify The Fittings
Find the fittings after you've located the parts. Understanding which port is an inlet or an outflow for each component is crucial. When air is blown incorrectly, your car may suffer damage or not flush.
Step 6: At The Evaporator's Outlet, Attach A Hose.
The component at the back of the engine bay is the evaporator. You should be concerned with the port that will run to the compressor. Remove the connector to reveal a metal pipe with threads that serve as the outlet.
Push your 3/4-inch rubber hose against this outlet so that it is snug.
As you complete this step, you'll need to keep an eye on the hose if it's significant. The refrigerant will spill into your engine compartment and cause a mess in your garage if it breaks free.
Step 7: Place The Second Hose
It is necessary to place the rubber hose's opposite end into an empty bucket. You will blow all of the refrigerant and other debris into this area.
The bucket should be on the ground with the hose to make things easier. Since the procedure is downhill from the port, no refrigerant will be dumped back up the hose when you're finished spraying.
Step 8: Hold Off For A While
After doing this, it can take a while for the pressure in your AC system to normalize.
Step 9: Use A Flush Gun On The Evaporator
Next, let the evaporator's inlet be seen. You haven't yet touched the second outlet is the last of the two. Before passing through the evaporator and arriving at the compressor, refrigerant first enters the inlet.
Instead of encircling the inlet with a rubber hose in this step, insert the flash gun's nozzle into the inlet port's inner hole. Ensure you have enough flushing solvent in the flush gun before doing that.
After assembling everything, activate your compressor and depress the flush gun's trigger. Continue the procedure for the condenser.
Step 10: Repeat Step 9 For The Condenser
You can now proceed to the condenser after finishing the evaporator.
This will be the component of the engine bay that is in front of your car's grille. Place yourself to have a clear view and easy access to the inlet.
Grab your flush gun and top off the flush solution if necessary. Ensure the connection between the pancake compressor and the flush gun is secure before turning on the compressor.
You should insert the flush gun's nozzle into the inlet. Hold the trigger for a few seconds. Your condenser is now cleared and empty.
Step 11: Drain The Liquid Line
The refrigerants in your air conditioning system will move through a liquid line. The fluid line for the automobile, up close. This line doesn't need to be replaced; you can reattach the same one after draining it.
It is a metal line to distinguish it from the rubber lines that run throughout the rest of the area. It is typically located close to the battery.
Look at the line for a second. You must replace this liquid line if the insulation is broken in any spots or if corrosion pits are visible. Clean the line and reinstall it on your automobile if everything seems good.
Step 12: Drain Each Hose
You must empty each of these hoses before reattaching the evaporator and condenser. Utilizing your flush gun in the open end, you will hold the hose upright in a bucket.
You should treat each hose for around 30 seconds for a thorough flush.
Step 13: Put Everything Back Together
You'll have several clean, dismantled parts by the end of this stage. Everything that you dismantled needs to be installed again.
How To Empty Your Car AC Without A Pump
A vacuum pump is a better option but not the only choice for an AC evacuation. Here are a few options for evacuating a car ac without a pump.
Access Valve Depressing
Please turn on your compressor once it has been installed, together with the low-pressure and high-pressure access valves. After that, open your AC's high-pressure side access valve.
Close the high-pressure access valve and turn off your compressor after the upper side pressure reaches its lowest position.
Low-Pressure Side Charging
Once the access valve depressing procedure has been accomplished. The lower pressure side must be charged to roughly 14 psi before use.
This is followed by three minutes of close observation of both the high and low-pressure sides.
Repeat The First Step
Turn the compressor back on.
However, keep an eye on the low side pressure rather than the high side pressure. Allow the access valve on the high side to close once it reaches its lowest possible point. Switch off the compressor when the valve is completely closed.
Repeat The Second And Third Step
You'll see that the low-side pressure doesn't drop as low as in the earlier steps, which is a sign of a successful evacuation.
This happens when the refrigerant absorbs the compressor oil and slowly releases it.
Allow the high-pressure side valve to shut down if it is not currently leaking any gas. Any air and moisture within your AC system will be gone by this point.
Charge For Refrigeration
Provide the proper amount of refrigerant to your air conditioning system. After that, turn off your compressor, and the system is ready to use.
How Much Does It Cost To Drain And Fill AC In A Car?
Depending on the size of your car and whether you go to an independent technician or a dealership, the cost of a gearbox flush can range from $100-$400.
How Much Does It Cost To Drain Refrigerant From A Car?
Removing refrigerants from your car's air conditioning system is inexpensive. Between $100 and $300 is what you can spend on refrigerant disposal.
The auto mechanic often determines the cost of the removal based on the time and effort required to complete it.
What Happens If You Put Too Much Refrigerant In A Car?
Contrary to popular belief, having too much refrigerant in your car's air conditioning system can lead to excessive heat and pressure, which may cause your AC system to blow hot air.
Unattended overcharging of your car's air conditioning system might harm the compressor.
To Finish Up
Anytime you change a damaged Ac system, you must always flush it for practical purposes. If you fail to flush your AC system, some parts of your car will be destroyed by the acids created by the high-temperature reaction of moisture and refrigerant.
To read more on car ACs, check out these related articles:
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|Nelson Mandela 1918 - 2013|
Nelson Mandela died this week at the age of 95. Mandela deserves enormous credit for South Africa's peaceful transition from Apartheid to Democracy. He believed that the cycle of violence can be broken only by forgiveness. Only this way can we achieve peace. He forgave his jailers after spending nearly 30 years behind bars in South Africa's apartheid regime. Mandela won the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize. He also learned to loved rugby.
These things are known to all, but Commander Kelly has a somewhat different perspective on Nelson Mandela.
Mandela was born into a royal family in Africa. Both his parents were illiterate, but they wanted their son to receive a western style education. It was a teacher that gave him the name "Nelson" after his baptism into the Methodist faith.
"Nelson" was, of course, a reference to Lord Horatio Nelson -- the greatest naval commander of all time. It was Nelson's decisive victory at the battle of Trafalgar against the Franco-Spanish fleet that gave the Royal navy world wide naval supremacy for more than a century. Wise laws are useless if unenforced and it was the Royal Navy that enforced the Slave Trade Act of 1807, just two years after Trafalgar (see...Horatio Nelson Champion of Liberty http://americanconservativeinlondon.blogspot.co.uk/2012/01/horatio-nelson-champion-of-liberty.html.
|Nelson's column, Trafalgar Square, London|
Bronze Relief made from melted French canons
There were 22 Americans on board HMS Victory at the battle of Trafalgar, also one Jamaican, 4 West Indian and one African. It was a rainbow crew that triumphed that day.
Consider also the year of Mandela's birth - 1918. A momentous year that marked the end of the Great war. This year also marks the near apogee of the British Empire into which Mandela was born. In 1918 the Royal Navy was one of the most powerful institutions on earth. In 1918 the Royal Navy alone among the world's navies had aircraft carriers. (see...http://americanconservativeinlondon.blogspot.co.uk/2013/10/fleet-air-arm-museum.html).
1918 was only about 16 years after the conclusion of the Second Boer war which raged from 1899 to 1902. The last years of Queen Victoria's reign were marked by a rebellion against British rule by the Afrikaans of South Africa. The Boers were excellent hunters and marksmen who knew their homeland and used hit and run tactics inflicting many casualties on the British.
The rebellion was eventually put down with all the tools in the Imperial arsenal. Troops were brought from the far corners of the Empire. Maxim guns were employed foreshadowing the horrors of WWI trench warfare.
The Boer war represented a great stain on Britain's Imperial honor as it marked the invention of the concentration camp. Many Boer civilians including women and children (over 22,000 under 16 years of age) would perish in these hideous camps due to disease and starvation. In addition over 14,000 Black Africans died in the camps as well. Many Americans were sympathetic to the Boer cause and volunteered to join their fight against the British.
It was the bitterness of the Boer defeat in this war that helped mould the Afrikaan character, developing a stubbornness that Mandela would encounter in dealing with the Apartheid regime years later. South Africa would fight alongside the British in two World Wars in the 20th century but would pursue its own path apart from the Commonwealth after 1945.
Mandela spent 18 years on Robben Island imprisoned by the Apartheid regime. For many years he was forced to break rocks in the sun. He chose to study the Afrikaan language.
Who does Mandela remind us of...?
There was another man who had been born into a noble family with lofty expectations in a different corner of the British Empire. There was another man who, years before, had spent time as a prisoner of the Boers. He, however, had the good fortune to escape. This man too was a great statesman who won a Nobel prize, though his was for literature. This man too had a direct connection to and love for the Royal Navy. He persevered against extreme adversity. He even allied himself briefly with Communist dictators whose views he deplored. This man too fought for human freedom and triumphed. After attaining victory, he too preached the necessity for magnanimity. His name was...Winston Spencer Churchill.
You can now purchase Commander Kelly's first book, America Invades here...www.americainvades.com or on Amazon...www.amzn.com/1940598427
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The Universal Embedded Operating System
Experiments for Emdebian Crush 2.0
Following on from the update of the Emdebian Code Audit, the model for Crush has undergone a lot of changes.
It is yet to be seen whether these experiments will result in a release of Emdebian Crush alongside Debian 6.0 "Squeeze". See the future of Crush.
These experiments are limited to the architectures available in Emdebian Grip - armel, mips, mipsel, i386 and amd64 (from native test builds). Toolchains exist for other architectures (like alpha, hppa, ia64, sparc and s390) and the experimental methods can be used for those - provided the scripts from emdebian-grip-server are used to create a local repository of the other necessary packages.
Where packages are not intended to have functional changes as a result of merely cross-building, Crush should take packages directly from Grip and not cross-build them at all. It's a waste of effort when Grip has already achieved 99% of the possible size reduction for the packages concerned.
Crush only takes those architectures that overlap between Grip and Crush - i.e. ones for which Emdebian has toolchains to fill in the gaps.
Much like Grip, Crush would have a 'pkglist' filter file which dictates which packages are updated from Grip. Unlike Grip, this list is more or less static and only updated manually. The actual process of updating the packages specified in the list would be automated.
Patches in Emdebian SVN for packages in this list will not get updated with new Debian releases of the affected packages. (The only reason to have patches for such packages is so that a cross-build avoids parts of the build that fail like python bindings or documentation builds - i.e. the patches themselves are broken by design.)
This is the hard part because it is the only way to manage the workload, yet it is also going to block cross-builds of affected packages. Note that allowing the python-bindings does not add python to the dependencies of packages not already containing python bindings. Indeed, the packages containing the python bindings can and would still be excluded from the updates into Crush.
The pkglist is per binary package and, as ever, sources are migrated unchanged. Merely having a particular source package in Crush does not mean that every binary package produced by that source in Debian would also be in either Grip or Crush and some of the ones in Grip will not make it into Crush. Overall, the range of packages in Crush doesn't change from 1.0.
Crush remains small (< 1,000 packages eventually, currently my tests have only 811), so although this could seem like duplication, keeping the same package files in crush/pool and grip/pool isn't that much wastage. (300Mb on my test, ~500 packages but not all of the packages in Crush are currently in Grip.)
Grip gets extended to include packages that were formerly only in Crush (like a full GPE environment). Equally some packages that were in Crush 1.0 are no longer in Debian Squeeze, so there are (or would be) missing dependencies elsewhere.
The other way to do this would be to somehow fold Crush into the Grip repository - whereas that would be easier for the server it would not be easier for the users or the machines. Packages.gz files in Grip are smaller than in Debian but are still a lot bigger than the equivalent ones in Crush would need to become. There might be a complex way of having Crush as a codename within Grip but I'm not sure it is worth doing.
Finally, despite how this may sound, this does NOT necessarily mean that Crush is going to make it alongside Squeeze. The remaining issues are smaller but still far from trivial.
What this update and the experiment achieve is the removal of quite a large set of packages (some easy to build, some that were quite hard to cross-build for 1.0) at the expense of leaving a hard core of complex and difficult ones that still need to be cross-built. Before those even can be cross-built, there needs to be further work on just how the problems can be solved. The problems haven't changed, the issues haven't become easier - this experiment might just mean that the problems affect a lot fewer packages but the problems are as intransigent as ever. :-(
However, most of the issues are to do with being able to cross-build a package at all rather than architecture-specific issues. Therefore once the problem is solved for a particular package, the package could be cross-built for multiple architectures because there are so many fewer packages needing to be cross-built.
Back to the Emdebian Project homepage.
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STARING AT GIANT PIECES OF SULPHUR
Look Around You co-creator Robert Popper on the making of the weirdest comedy show in British TV history
Trained ants build a tiny igloo, then drown when the ice is melted by an unattended Bunsen burner. A disembodied scientist’s hand gets increasingly covered in burns as it repeatedly tries to retrieve an egg from boiled water. We are informed that ghosts cannot whistle.
Welcome to the world of Look Around You, the cult comedy show that ran on BBC Two between 2002 and 2005. Created by comedians Robert Popper and Peter Serafinowicz, it originally consisted of ten-minute parodies of late 1970s/early 1980s education programming. They were like a portal into a bizarre alternate universe, that felt like our word but was filled strange made-up terms and insane scientific rules. Even now, over fifteen years after it first aired, it remains one of the most unique British comedy shows ever produced.
Robert Popper and Peter Serafinowicz first met in the late 1990s, when they worked together on a one-off project Popper wrote for Matt Lucas and David Walliams (“It was crap,” Popper quickly clarifies, while detailing the history of Look Around You on the phone). Both were early in their career. Popper was a comedy producer who’d written for puppets Zig and Zag, and Serafinowicz had been on Radio 4 and appeared in Spaced.
At the time, Popper was working in the Granada comedy department. “They had the most amazing library [of old programmes] where you could go on their system and call up tapes,” he explains, “and they’d give you a VHS. We used to just watch shit programmes from the 1970s and 80s.” Nowadays it is easy to fall down a YouTube hole and spend hours watching baffling TV from the past. But back in an era where internet speeds meant that streaming video was basically impossible, it took true dedication to seek this stuff out.
The duo soon realised they both were enamoured with a particular niche genre of forgotten television. “We also both remembered talking about the old schools programme we were forced to watch, at school, or when you were ill in bed,” says Popper. “But not the Open University ones with the beards - the ones with the weird blue backgrounds.”
“They felt like a dream. I remember them sort of terrifying me, but being weirdly drawn to them as well. They were really boring, but they were so creepy and strange.”
Since 1957, the BBC had produced educational programming to be shown in schools, airing either during the daytime or in the middle of the night, with ITV and Channel 4 also doing the same at various times. A shared memory of several generations of school kids is having a TV on wheels rolled in, when the teacher couldn’t be bothered to teach, and instead forcing you to watch a decade-old VHS about oxbow lakes, or the periodic table.
Inspired by this mixture of nostalgia and televisual anthropology, in 2001 Popper and Serafinowicz decided to write their own take on those old educational films, just something to entertain themselves. “It was never like a TV idea,” says Popper, but they soon found themselves actually making the show for real.
Serafinowicz brought in Tim Kirkby, a director he knew, and they started work on the zero-budget production (Kirby is now one of the most in-demand TV comedy directors, having helmed episodes of Veep, Brooklyn Nine-Nine and the pilot of Fleabag).
“We just got a bunch of people together and shot everywhere illegally,” explains Popper. “We found this old petrol station in Camden – a really old, weird one. We turned up at six in the morning, took down loads of their stuff, filmed there, and put all the stuff back up. And as we left we just saw the guys that work there pull in, with no idea that we’d just turned it into the outside of a factory with two men carrying a tray with a big lump of wobbly jelly.”
The 22-minute short Calcium was shot over five weeks. “We spent ages editing it in various places,” says Popper, “and then we did a big screening of it where we invited everyone we knew, and everyone we looked up to.” A buzz started to build around it, it screened at several film festivals, and they started passing out video tapes of it. Even though it was never intended as a pilot, Talkback Productions approached them about turning into a series.
They went to the BBC, who were looking to fill ten-minute late evening slots with new comedy talent. “They said ‘We’ll give you six’. So I just went ‘Can we have ten episodes?’ And they said ‘Eight’. Don’t know why I asked.”
Look Around You debuted on BBC Two on October 10 2002. It was like no other comedy show that had aired on British television. It is a show with barely any human faces in it. Instead, we get close ups of hands, equipment, and lots of pencils pointing at things. It has disconnected, creepy, otherworldly feeling.
The narration is delivered completely straight, not by a recognisable comedian, but by experienced voice actor Nigel Lambert - a veteran of over 50 BBC audio books and now probably best known as the voice of the ‘Papa’ puppet in those slightly terrifying Dolmio pasta sauce commercials. Despite a stream of gibberish (“Thanks, ants. Thants.”) and nonsense terminology (“Anti-Gary Gum”), the veneer of seriousness never cracks – which of course just makes it all so much funnier.
There is a lot of just staring at objects for a long time – something that Popper found especially funny. “Just the idea of having a tiny lump of sulphur, zooming in. We had our screening of the first series at the IMAX, and we filled the biggest screen in Europe with this yellow lump of sulphur. That made us laugh.”
That madness rubbed off on the creators as well. “We did two days at the end that were just close ups and slow zooms, in and out of equipment. Bottles, and test tubes, just for all the extra detail we needed. And I practically went insane from boredom. It was unbearable. We were in a basement in front of this horrible blue background. Slow zoom in, slow zoom out. And you’re just filming glass for two days. That was hell.”
The production team scoured markets and jumble sales for authentic looking costumes and props, and it perfectly captures the feeling of the shows they are parodying. “We made them how they would have made them,” says Popper. “We had no money. We wouldn’t do more than two or three takes. If there was a hair in the film gate, or a bit of fluff, we kept it in. Someone opened the camera, which can let light in and fuck the shot up, but we said ‘Let’s leave it, it’ll be good’. Things like that.”
“The philosophy was – they’ve shot it purely for education, never for aesthetic reasons, just information. So if we always shoot it for that, it will end up feeling right.”
And while Look Around You is never locked down to a particular date, it perfectly invokes the Britain of the late 1970s and early 1980s. “It was an era that we quite liked watching, Britain looked absolutely disgusting then,” say Popper. “And it was a really turbulent time. I remember growing up then. Running away from skinheads, and being beaten up and chased. It was grim, and on all the programmes you’d just see a lot of wasteland.
“We wanted it to feel grubby and real and just reflecting what we remembered from that time. It was horrible, but in a lovely horrible way, if you see what I mean. Aesthetically it is horrible, but we still love the look of it.”
Despite – or maybe because of its obtuseness – Look Around You was a hit amongst critics and their comedy peers. The show was nominated for a BAFTA in 2003. The Simpsons’ creator Matt Groening called it "one of the funniest shows I've ever seen", and cult US anti-comedy team Tim Heidecker and Eric Wareheim were also fans. It aired on Adult Swim in the US, and despite the precise Britishness of the show, the banality of terrible educational television resonated with international audiences.
In spite of the reaction, it still took nearly three years for the show to return to British television screens. They were keen to make more, but the BBC saw them as a launching pad to make something else. “The BBC said those ten minute slots are for trying out things, they don’t do second series of them,” says Popper. “So I just badgered them, and eventually they asked if we had any 30 minute ideas. With humans in it.”
All of which culminated in 2005, when we finally got the second series of Look Around You. Instead of ten-minute faux-educational shorts, it was a half-hour show which had, as the BBC had asked, “humans in it”. Set in the same undefined early 1980s milieu, it was now a fake pop-science magazine show, in the vein of the Beeb’s Tomorrow’s World, which ran from 1965 to 2003.
Popper and Serafinowicz were now endearingly cheesy hosts of the show, presenting studio segments and VTs on surreal, ridiculous science topics, including ‘Petticoat 5’, the first computer for women, and a competition to predict what music will sound like in the year 2000 (including the second series' most memorable moment, a fantastically polite introduction to rap music for 1980s BBC viewers).
Joining Popper and Serafinowicz as presenters were Olivia Colman, a few years into Peep Show and a decade away from Oscar glory, and Josie d'Arby. The casting of d’Arby was particularly interesting, as she was best known for being an actual TV host, a familiar face from the likes if Top of the Pops and The Big Breakfast. As well as making the show feel that bit more real, her casting had an added bonus, as Popper said she gave him and Serafinowicz TV presenting lessons to nail down delivering the inane links and banter.
The second series of Look Around You is definitely a lot of fun, but it failed to resonate in the same way. “Sometimes it really works, sometimes… I don’t know,” admits Popper. “I prefer the first series. I like the fact there are no people in it, and it is creepier, and I hadn’t seen anything like that before.”
And that was it for Look Around You, outside of a single new sketch made for a reunion event at the BFI Southbank in 2012. Both Popper and Serafinowicz have had plenty of success separately following the show. Popper has written five series of Friday Night Dinner for Channel 4, and Serafinowicz has been in everything from Guardians of the Galaxy to Amazon’s The Tick, as well as his own fondly remember sketch show.
“No one would commission a third series. It’s just not going to happen,” says Popper on any possible return. When asked, he briefly entertains the idea of pitching Look Around You to Netflix, or crowdfunding a new series, but quickly dismisses it. “It was just a very free, fun stupid time, that you’d like to recapture, but if you did it again it would be like ‘Oh, it was better that first time’.”
Popper looks back on the first series as one of the most fun periods of his comedy career, being given almost complete freedom to make whatever weirdness they wanted. “We were in a dark basement, no-one knew what we were doing. I don’t think the BBC ever even saw the scripts,” says Popper. “If you look at the scripts, what comments are you going to say? ‘I think this lump of sulphur should be larger’. I think they just let us make it.”
As we finish our conversation, he imagines an alternative universe where there was no format change, and Popper and Serafinowicz just continued making Look Around You, and beavering away with sulphur and test tubes, without a care in the world. “Me and Pete loved making it. We wanted to do more. I'd still be happy making them today. If we made a hundred, I’d be happy.”
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What are your dreams? Let this collection of inspirational dream quotes provide you a source of encouragement and enthusiasm as you work towards making your dreams come true.
Do you have a dream since you were a kid? Did you just unveil your nagging dreams that was buried for years? Did your dreams begin to slowly come into clarity for you after numerous experiences you've faced?
Whatever ways that your dreams come to you, dreams are important.
They are like hopes for a future that we envision and hold on tightly in our hearts. Be careful to weed out negative thoughts and to fertilize your dreams with visualization, persistence and action.
We have to have a dream before our dreams can come true. We have to know what it is that we want out of life so that we know when we arrive.
May your dreams become a reality for you and may you bask in abundance and glorious living!
And may these quotes about dreams encourage and cheer you up on your way to manifesting your dreams.
A dream is your creative vision for your life in the future. You must break out of your current comfort zone and become comfortable with the unfamiliar and the unknown.
-- Denis Waitley
A goal is a dream with a deadline.
-- Napoleon Hill
A man's dreams are an index to his greatness.
-- Zadok Rabinwitz
A rock pile ceases to be a rock pile the moment a single man contemplates it, bearing within him the image of a cathedral.
-- Antoine De Saint-Exupery
All men and women are born, live suffer and die; what distinguishes us one from another is our dreams, whether they be dreams about worldly or unworldly things, and what we do to make them come about... We do not choose to be born. We do not choose our parents. We do not choose our historical epoch, the country of our birth, or the immediate circumstances of our upbringing. We do not, most of us, choose to die; nor do we choose the time and conditions of our death. But within this realm of choicelessness, we do choose how we live.
-- Joseph Epstein
Be careful what you water your dreams with. Water them with worry and fear and you will produce weeds that choke the life from your dream. Water them with optimism and solutions and you will cultivate success. Always be on the lookout for ways to turn a problem into an opportunity for success. Always be on the lookout for ways to nurture your dream.
-- Lao Tzu
Build this day on a foundation of pleasant thoughts. Never fret at any imperfections that you fear may impede your progress. Remind yourself, as often as necessary, that you are a creature of God and have the power to achieve any dream by lifting up your thoughts. You can fly when you decide that you can. Never consider yourself defeated again. Let the vision in your heart be in your life's blueprint. Smile!
-- Og Mandino
Dream as if you'll live forever... live as if you'll die today.
-- James Dean
Dream what you want to dream; go where you want to go; be what you want to be, because you have only one life and one chance to do all the things you want to do.
-- Author Unknown
Dreams are free, so free your dreams.
-- Astrid Alauda
Dreams are renewable. No matter what our age or condition, there are still untapped possibilities within us and new beauty waiting to be born.
-- Dale E. Turner
Every great dream begins with a dreamer. Always remember, you have within you the strength, the patience, and the passion to reach for the stars to change the world.
-- Harriet Tubman
For my part I know nothing with any certainty, but the sight of the stars makes me dream.
-- Vincent van Gogh
Happy are those who dream dreams and are ready to pay the price to make them come true.
-- Leon Joseph Cardinal Suenens
How do you go from where you are to where you want to be? I think you have to have an enthusiasm for life. You have to have a dream, a goal, and you have to be willing to work for it.
-- Jim Valvano
I would rather be ashes than dust! I would rather that my spark should burn out in a brilliant blaze than it should be stifled by dry rot. I would rather be a superb meteor, every atom of me in magnificent glow, than a sleepy and permanent planet. The proper function of man is to live, not to exist. I shall not waste my days in trying to prolong them. I shall use my time.
-- Jack London
If one dream should fall and break into a thousand pieces, never be afraid to pick one of those pieces up and begin again.
-- Flavia Weedn
If the dream is big enough the facts don't matter.
-- Dexter Yager
If you have a dream, give it a chance to happen.
-- Richard M. DeVos
If you're still hanging onto a dead dream of yesterday, laying flowers on its grave by the hour, you cannot be planting the seeds for a new dream to grow today.
-- Joyce Chapman
Life is never easy for those who dream.
-- Robert James Waller
Only as high as I reach can I grow, only as far as I seek can I go, only as deep as I look can I see, only as much as I dream can I be.
-- Karen Ravn
People who soar are those who refuse to sit back, sigh and wish things would change. They neither complain of their lot nor passively dream of some distant ship coming in. Rather, they visualize in their minds that they are not quitters; they will not allow life's circumstances to push them down and hold them under.
-- Author Unknown
Reach high, for stars lie hidden in your soul. Dream deep, for every dream precedes the goal.
-- Pamela Vaull Starr
Some men see things as they are and ask why. Others dream things that never were and ask why not.
-- George Bernard Shaw
Somewhere over the rainbow
Skies are blue
And the dreams that you dare to dream
Really do come true.
-- E. Y. Harburg
There will always be dreams grander or humbler than your own, but there will never be a dream exactly like your own... for you are unique and more wondrous than you know!
-- Linda Staten
Those who cherish a beautiful vision, a lofty ideal in their hearts, will one day realize it.
-- James Allen
Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things that you didn't do than by the ones you did do. So throw off the bowlines. Sail away from the safe harbor. Catch the trade winds in your sails. Explore. Dream. Discover.
-- Mark Twain
To dream anything that you want to dream. That's the beauty of the human mind. To do anything that you want to do. That is the strength of the human will. To trust yourself to test your limits. That is the courage to succeed.-- Bernard Edmonds
We are the music makers and we are the dreamers of dreams...
-- Arthur O'Shaughnessy
We grow great by dreams. All big men are dreamers. They see things in the soft haze of a spring day or in the red fire of a long winter's evening. Some of us let these great dreams die, but others nourish and protect them; nurse them through bad days till they bring them to the sunshine and light which comes always to those who sincerely hope that their dreams will come true.
-- Woodrow Wilson
Whatever you do, or dream you can, begin it. Boldness has genius and power and magic in it.
-- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
You are never given a dream without also being given the power to make it true. You may have to work for it, however.
-- Richard Bach
You are never too old to set another goal or to dream a new dream.
-- C.S. Lewis
You block your dream when you allow your fear to grow bigger than your faith.
-- Mary Manin Morrissey
You can't just sit there and wait for people to give you that golden dream. You've got to get out there and make it happen for yourself.
-- Diana Ross
You have to dream before your dreams can come true.
-- Abdul Kalam
You have to have a dream so you can get up in the morning.
-- Billy Wilder
You see things; and you say, 'Why?' But I dream things that never were; and I say, 'Why not?'
-- George Bernard Shaw
You're in the midst of a war: a battle between the limits of a crowd seeking the surrender of your dreams, and the power of your true vision to create and contribute. It is a fight between those who will tell you what you cannot do, and that part of you that knows/ and has always known/ that we are more than our environment; and that a dream, backed by an unrelenting will to attain it, is truly a reality with an imminent arrival.
-- Anthony Robbins
What if you had the same minute-by-minute thoughts as the super successful? Mike Brescia has developed the ultimate mental conditioning programs that can help anyone wipe out intense fears and enjoy huge successes in all areas of life. Find out more here.
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In the Quick: A Novel
As an old saying goes: “The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.”
That saying does not apply to this novel. It’s got lots of great parts but they never fully come together, leaving a choppy, often confusing, and unsatisfying story based on a dramatic space-adventure premise—with a shot of torrid passion—that doesn’t deliver.
Yes, we do get space adventure. The best parts of the book are the realistic descriptions of the physical conditions of space travel and operating on another planet—and the scary hazards of both.
Unfortunately, there’s almost no emotional component to these physical experiences. The author researched the heck out of the technical side to present it believably, then left us with characters who don’t connect on the kind of personal level that takes readers along for the ride.
The main character, June, is a precocious engineer-inventor. But she lacks the social skills needed to relate to others. This is well conveyed by the narrative’s narrow first-person viewpoint. Every moment is filtered through June’s tunnel-vision brilliance, which has little room for other people’s reality. Conversations aren’t really dialogues—not even warranting quotation marks—because June hears and speaks but does not successfully communicate in two directions.
Except with machines. Her ability to understand what something is, and what it does, or should do, and how to enable it to function correctly and efficiently, lets her advance through the ultra-techy world of aeronautics and become an astronaut and technician. The only people she can even start to communicate with are of the same type. None of them seem to have curiosity about one another, and whatever emotions they do reveal come across more as “acting out” than expressing.
June’s emotional insensitivity may be a product of her hypersensitivity to machines, which in turn may come from her hypersensitivity to physical feelings. Those are so acute that perhaps they override her internal feelings. June navigates her passage through scenes almost exclusively through her senses, with a brain like a computer. This combination serves her well when up against the challenges of space.
The space program in the book is familiar in concept from current times but advanced from where we are today. The period of the novel is never specified so we have to assume the near future.
This is one of many orienting facets of the novel that aren’t provided. The author sets up situations and leaves either readers or characters, or both, to figure out the missing pieces. This technique invites analytical assessment of what information is truly needed to tell a story.
The main character also lacks a backstory. We meet her at age 12 living with her aunt and cousin and already alienated from everyone except her deceased uncle. He was a primary contributor to the space program in general and the genius behind the technology enabling space exploration—culminating in a mission that goes afoul and obsesses June through her life.
He also founded an astronaut training school, which is where June ends up almost as a punishment. Her inventor instincts, undirected and unconstrained after her uncle died, lead to her nearly burning down the house. This motivates her aunt to move her along to some place that can deal with her.
Because of the connection to her uncle as school founder, June is accepted several years earlier than the normal required age. This is appropriate, on one hand, because her intellect is equal to or beyond her peers. On the other hand, one would expect a special student related to the founder to have something resembling guidance or mentoring by an adult concerned with her welfare.
No sign of that. Instead, she is thrust into the program like the cliché of being dropped into a pool to sink or swim. The school itself is presented as an academic boot camp, physically miserable and inconsistently disciplined, structured to encourage creativity, bonding, and endurance.
Well, the creativity part happens. June lives and works with a small group of brilliant students but doesn’t bond with any of them, despite their intimate contact and interactions for many years on Earth, in orbit, and on another planet.
June seems, page after page, to be more robot than human. We learn about her mental and physical experiences but nothing about her heart or soul. Again, we are left to infer or deduce. The book skips the “emotional why” conventionally used in storytelling; that is, motivation and reaction, conflict and resolution, personal stakes at risk. We just get June watching and feeling through her brain and body, while those around her are equally incomprehensible because she can’t extrapolate or empathize.
It amounts to no character arc to June’s story. The plot doesn’t go anywhere, either. The book jacket describes it as June being “haunted by the mystery of Inquiry, a revolutionary spacecraft powered by her beloved late uncle’s fuel cells. The spacecraft went missing when June was twelve years old, and while the rest of the world seems to have forgotten the crew, June alone has evidence that makes her believe they are still alive.”
Yes, June finds that evidence and persists in her belief. Readers keep reading in hopes that her belief will lead her, and/or her cohorts, to finally discover what happened to the crew and, ideally, to save them. That’s the story arc one would expect from the packaging.
What readers get is space adventure as a conveyance for an esoteric character study. The novel is ideal for book club or classroom discussions about the difference between stories and literature, the nature of life and consciousness, the qualitative distinctions between feelings and expression, the limitations of humanity, and the like.
But if you just want a space adventure with characters engaged in the experience, look elsewhere than In the Quick.
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It’s about breaking down barriers people impacted by the legal system face to civic engagement and young people are a large chunk of this population.
In the fall of 2017, Chicago Votes was asked to be the official sponsor of election activities in the Cook County Jail (CCJ). What started as a voter registration drive once a month, has expanded to include in-person election coordination, civic education, local administrative advocacy, and statewide legislative advocacy.
The goal is simple, increase access to the ballot and civic knowledge for Illinois’ incarcerated population. CCJ is one of the largest single-site county pre-detention facilities in the United States, admitting approximately 100,000 people annually and averaging a daily population of 6,000 people. While over 90% of those incarcerated in this facility have the right to vote, many of them do not know they are eligible to vote and are missing out on their opportunity to participate.
What started out as the Chicago Votes’ CCJ Votes initiative has evolved into our Unlock Civics initiative, addressing the disconnect at a systematic level. Our Unlock Civics initiative encompasses our CCJ Votes initiative, Court Watching program, Civics in Prison, and Unlock Civics legislative efforts– all of which work at the intersection of organizing and advocacy to ensure that people affected by the American legal system know their civic rights and responsibilities.
Chicago Votes is partnering with Chicago Appleseed to execute our first joint Court Watching program! Volunteers who sign up to be a part of our Court Watching program will assist us in observing court proceedings and judges in the Cook County Court system, while also completing our Judicial Accountability evaluation form. Court watching is a means of holding those working within the American Legal System accountable to treating everyone who goes in front of a judge with dignity and free from bias.
2022 Unlock Civics Policy: Voting in Prison
The Illinois Constitution states that a person in prison “shall lose the right to vote, which right shall be restored not later than upon completion of his sentence.” The exact length of disenfranchisement is not specified. Senate Bill 828 restores the right to vote for voters post-conviction.
2021 Unlock Civics Policy
The lives of people in prison are influenced by policies made by elected officials. Those who are elected are held accountable by their constituents. Until people in prison are given the right to vote, making up the constituency, they are unable to hold elected officials accountable.
“Incarcerated citizens are not able to vote — but they are counted as a part of the population for the legislative district of their documented residential addresses. Restoring the right to vote for this population can help spur them on a path to becoming civically active and better prepared to successfully re-enter their communities. Stripping those who are incarcerated of the right to vote denies a fundamental democratic right and compounds the ill effects of mass incarceration. We have the opportunity to catalyze criminal justice reform in Illinois by amplifying the voices impacted by the criminal justice system.” – Senator Mike Simmons, Senate Sponsor
Organizin’ in Court, Jail, and Prison.
Cook County Jail Votes
Chicago Votes has been coordinating voter registration drives in the Cook County Jail since September 2017 registering over 5,000 new voters. Volunteers enter the jail every second Sunday of the month to register community members in pretrial detention. Chicago Votes also works with our partners to support the elections process in the jail. With the passage of Senate Bill 2090, the Cook County Jail became the first jail in the country to become a polling place during the 2020 Illinois Primary Elections.
Civics in Prison
In 2019 Chicago Votes helped pass House Bill 2541, “The Re-entry Civics Education Act” which requires every person leaving prison in Illinois to receive 3, ninety-minute civic classes.
In 2021, this law was expanded to juvenile detention facilities with the passage of Senate Bill 2116. This law requires the Illinois Department of Juvenile Justice to provide a civics education workshop for youth 12 months prior to release.
Chicago Votes has worked to demystify the judicial system in Illinois by launching two, unique initiatives that educate voters around the judicial elections. The first is our judicial voter guide program and the second is our Court Watching program. Chicago Votes works with partners to give voters and volunteers a behind the scenes glance into the judicial process in Chicago.
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With Instructables you can share what you make with the world, and tap into an ever-growing community of creative experts.
I've noticed that when i visit my friends or relatives houses, they always have the toothpaste all mangled up. Ultimately this is a waste of toothpaste (since you ...
Okay! let's say you have a regular tube of toothpaste almost empty. Your mission is to get all the toothpaste from the end, closer to the head of ...
This is the easy part. Just slide the toothpaste tube across the edge of the sink while applying some force towards the sink (just imagine that you are ...
Tada! It's like magic!
Join 2 million + to receive instant DIY inspiration in your inbox.
© 2016 Autodesk, Inc.
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A milestone in Habitat’s fight to eliminate poverty housing worldwide.
In Cluj, Romania, volunteers celebrate the dedication of Habitat’s 150,000th house worldwide.
After years of living in a damp and crumbling shack of mud and straw, Benti Bako’s dream of a simple, decent home for his wife and five children came true on June 21, 2003. He received the keys to his own home—one that he helped build and can afford on his small income as a delivery truck driver.
The dedication celebration in the Romanian city of Cluj-Napoca was a memorable day for the Bako family and a historic moment for Habitat for Humanity. It was the150,000th Habitat home built worldwide and the 100th Habitat house in Romania.
The dedication of the Bako’s house was an important reminder of the task at hand: to provide decent, affordable housing for every family around the world in need of a home.
Habitat for Humanity has active community groups in the Romanian communities of Cluj-Napoca, Comanesti, Craiova, Pitesti, Beius and Rădăuţi. Construction work in these communities varies from building simple single-family homes to renovating aging Soviet-style apartment blocks.
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Wood countertops are beautiful, relatively affordable, and more sustainable than other options. The biggest catch is they require regular care. Follow these simple steps to keeping your wood counters looking their best for years to come.
Tips to Longer Lasting Counters:
- Wash wood countertops immediately after using especially when it comes to moisture containing stains, scraps and spills.
- Oil wood countertops once a month with a high quality mineral oil. Only mineral oil is food safe and won't turn rancid like cooking oils.
- Avoid contact with vinegar, which is acidic enough to dissolve the glue holding the wood together.
Oiling Your Countertops—What You Need:
- Food safe mineral oil
- Sand paper (120 & 180 grit)
- Lemon Wedge
- Hydrogen Peroxide
- Two rags
1. Stain Removal
Remove any stains using a fresh lemon. Cut in half, and rub the stained area with the cut side. Salt can be added for extra abrasion. If that still doesn't work, try adding 1 tablespoon hydrogen peroxide to a cup of warm water and dab it on the stain.
2. Clean Thoroughly
Use a sponge to wipe down the entire surface with a non-toxic cleaner. Let dry.
Sand the surface lightly (with the grain) thoroughly with 120 grit sandpaper. Sand again with 180 grit sandpaper until the wood is smooth.
4. Applying Oil
Drizzle food-grade mineral oil liberally onto the counters and rub in well with an old cotton rag. Allow the wood to soak in for 20-25 minutes.
5. Wipe Clean
Wipe clean with a clean rag and enjoy your renewed surface.
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The Safest Way to Use Stochastic Oscillator
Stochastic Oscillator is one of the indicators that many of the professional traders are strictly dependent on it. However, when novice traders try to copy these professional traders and add this indicator to their charts, they lose more instead of having more winning positions.
Stochastic Oscillator can be a big money sucker if you don’t know how to use it. But it is a good indicator and helps you to filter out many of the false breakouts and reversal setups if you know how to use it.
A Simple Formula to Use Stochastic Oscillator Efficiently
I have a simple formula if you like to use Stochastic Oscillator on your charts:
Don’t use Stochastic Oscillator to go against the trends and to take the reversal trade setups. Use it to follow the trends and to take the continuation trade setups.
It is very easy. Forget about entering the market when Stochastic Oscillator is moving between the 20 and 80 levels. Enter the market only when it is on the overbought or oversold area.
Because you will follow the strong movements and trends if you enter the markets when Stochastic Oscillator is on the overbought or oversold area, but the market’s direction can be anyone’s guess when Stochastic Oscillator is moving between the 20 and 80 levels.
Combine this with a signal on the price charts and then you are done. For example, when a resistance line or level breakout forms on the price chart and at the same time Stochastic Oscillator is on the overbought area, that is a long trade setup. Or when a strong bullish signal forms by the candlesticks while Stochastic Oscillator is on the overbought area, again you have a long trade setup.
It is the same with going short. You can go short when a support line or level breakout forms on the price chart and at the same time Stochastic Oscillator is on the oversold area.
And, do not enter when Stochastic Oscillator is between the 20 and 80 lines.
This is the safest way to use Stochastic Oscillator. If you do so, you change this indicator from a money sucker to a strong indicator to follow the trends.
As you see on the below chart, the support or resistance breakout worked and the market moved accordingly only when Stochastic Oscillator was on the oversold or overbought areas respectively.
But in cases like #4, the price moved the other way when the breakout formed and Stochastic Oscillator was between 20 and 80 levels.
As you can see at the right side of the below chart, Stochastic Oscillator can be a great indicator in following the strong trends. Even if the price doesn’t move strongly after a trade setup (e.g. case #1), at least it gives you the chance to move your stop loss to breakeven before the price goes against you, but when Stochastic Oscillator is moving between the 20 and 80 lines, the price goes against you right after you enter the market.
Study all the cases on the below chart:
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Essential animals for the cycles of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Generates excretions that can be used by plants as a highly nutritious natural fertilizer, earthworm or humus excrement contains mainly from 1.5% to 3% of Nitrégeno (N), from 0.5 to 1.5% of Phosphorus and Potassium and from 2.5 to 8.5 % calcium
Commonly known as earthworms, they are a family of oligochaete annelids that are made up of at least 6,000 different types of this species. Their origin is aquatic, therefore they have a cutaneous respiration, they are highly dependent on humidity and they have an important role in different ecosystems because they contribute to the formation of the soil, they actively participate in the cycles of carbon (C) and Nitrogen (N) , also helping to improve the chemical and physical properties of the soil.
The earthworms ingest particles from the soil and digest the organic remains it contains, which increases the production of phosphorus and potassium in the subsoil and this makes the soil conditions much more fertile.
Their excretions become a natural nutrient of a powerful quality that is known as Worm Humus.
Advantages of earthworms
The excrement of earthworms contains biorganic properties that function as a very clean, shredded, light and stable natural fertilizer in prone and imputrescible periods. The chemical properties of earthworm excrement potentiate crop growth by increasing the production of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur, as well as inhibiting the growth of fungi and pathogenic bacteria in soils.
In the same way worm humus contributes to the infiltration and retention of water in soils that allows a lower density in heavy soils, in order to improve the union of particles in soils, this also results in the reduction of erosion in the soils.
At temperatures of 0 ° C the worms die because the low temperatures freeze the protoplasm. Therefore, the ideal temperature for its growth is 20 – 25 ° C.
There must be humidity in the earthworm space of 70% because otherwise food ingestion and earthworm landslides are difficult.
|Imagen||método de produción||Especie||Tiempo de gestación||tiempo de destete||Peso||cantidad por metro cuadrado||Numero de crías y cada cuanto||consumo de agua||consumo de alimentos||cantidad de consumo||enfermedades comunes||Esperanza de vida||Madurez sexual|
|Lombricultura||lombrices||25 a 30 días||N/A||1 g||10.000 al año por lombriz||1 L cada dos días||Estiercol,deshechos de hortalizas, Aserrines y virutas||1 g diario||Envenamiento protéico||de 4 a 5 años||90 días|
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|Dator enables you to convert Gregorian dates into Islamic (Hijri) dates and vice versa. Simply enter a date in one calendar to obtain the equivalent date in the other calendar.|
Dec 26, 2011 12:08:22|
16 ( -2 -12.5% )|
|OS||Windows 2000, Windows XP|
click for full size
Dator enables you to convert Gregorian dates into Islamic (Hijri) dates and vice versa. Simply enter a date in one calendar to obtain the equivalent date in the other calendar.
The Gregorian calendar is based on the birth year of Jesus Christ. It was introduced in A.D. 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII. It recognizes two eras: B.C. (Before Christ) and A.D. (Anno Domini). A year has 12 months with 28-31 days each, totaling 365-366 days.
The Islamic or Hijri lunar calendar is based on the Hejira (migration of Muhammad from Mecca in A.D. 622). It recognizes one era: A.H. (Anno Hegirae). A year has 12 months with 29-30 days each, totaling 354-355 days.
Basta, Dator, date, gregorian, islamic, hijri, hijrah, hegirae, calendar, lunar, convert, converter, arab, arabic, convertisseur, calendrier, grégorien, islamique, hégirien, chrétien, musulman, arabe
Microsoft .NET Framework 1.1
| Free Download Dator 1.0 from basta.com|
Similar software shotlights:
- Hijri-Cal (Islamic Calendar) 1.4 Perpetual Islamic Hijri Calendar & Converter. Displays Islamic/Gregorian dates in a dual calendar. It runs on your desktop TaskBar besides the windows clock. Date Prediction method
- Lunar Calendars and Eclipse Finder 14.42 A program to search for eclipses (lunar, solar, total, annular and umbral), to calculate the phase of the Moon at any given date and time and to convert between dates in the
|Find all software similar on Dator 1.0|
- Scientists Work on Software to Scan Arabic Computer scientists are developing software to scan Arabic documents, including handwritten ones, for specific words and phrases, filling a void that became apparent following the Sept. 11. attacks.
- Report: Islamic Group Claims London Blasts A group calling itself "The Secret Organization of al-Qaida in Europe" posted a claim of responsibility for Thursday's blasts in London, saying they were in retaliation for Britain's involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan.
|Find all news similar on Dator 1.0|
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- Elsevier Science 2014; US$ 31.95
On Applications and Theory of Functional Equations focuses on the principles and advancement of numerical approaches used in functional equations. The publication first offers information on the history of functional equations, noting that the research on functional equations originated in problems related to applied mathematics. The text also highlights... more...
- Springer International Publishing 2014; US$ 80.63
This work introduces readers to the topic of maximal regularity for difference equations. The authors systematically present the method of maximal regularity, outlining basic linear difference equations along with relevant results. They address recent advances in the field, as well as basic semi group and cosine operator theories in the discrete setting.... more...
- Springer International Publishing 2013; US$ 118.26
This monograph provides a complete and self-contained account of the theory, methods, and applications of constant-sign solutions of integral equations. In particular, the focus is on different systems of Volterra and Fredholm equations. The presentation is systematic and the material is broken down into several concise chapters. An introductory chapter... more...
- Springer International Publishing 2015; US$ 91.38
This book, which is based on several courses of lectures given by the author at the Independent University of Moscow, is devoted to Sobolev-type spaces and boundary value problems for linear elliptic partial differential equations. Its main focus is on problems in non-smooth (Lipschitz) domains for strongly elliptic systems. The author, who is a... more...
- Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2014; US$ 93.53
This volume contains the proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Difference Equations and Applications, held at Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman in May 2013. The conference brought together experts and novices in the theory and applications of difference equations and discrete dynamical systems. The volume features papers in difference... more...
- Galore Park 2014; US$ 22.38
Features the complete set of answers to the exercises in Mathematics Year 5, to save you time marking work and enable you to identify areas requiring further attention. The book includes diagrams and workings where necessary, to ensure pupils understand how to present their answers. Also available from Galore Park www.galorepark.co.uk :. - Mathematics... more...
- Galore Park 2014; US$ 83.94
This book features the complete set of answers to the exercises in Mathematics Year 6, to save you time marking work and enable you to identify areas requiring further attention. The book includes diagrams and working where necessary, to ensure pupils understand how to present their answers. Also available from Galore Park www.galorepark.co.uk :. -... more...
- Galore Park 2014; US$ 95.94
A stimulating and rigorous approach to Mathematics that goes beyond the requirements of the National Curriculum for Year 6 pupils (aged 10 and above) and lays the foundation for success at Common Entrance and other independent entrance exams at 11+. - Plenty of worked examples to demonstrate method. - Develops key skills with clear explanations and... more...
- Hodder Education Group 2015; US$ 23.98
Enables efficient assessment of pupils' performance at Levels 1 and 2 of the ISEB 13+ Common Entrance syllabus. Clear layout saves time marking work and identifies areas requiring further attention. Includes diagrams and working where necessary, to demonstrate how to present high-scoring answers in Level 1 and 2 exams more...
- Hodder Education Group 2015; US$ 28.78
Ensure success at ISEB Common Entrance Level 3, CASE and other scholarship exams with our rigorous textbook, which revises and extends concepts introduced in Mathematics For Common Entrance One and Two . Book Three (Extension) of the three-part Common Entrance Mathematics course provides essential preparation for Level 3 of the ISEB 13+ Mathematics... more...
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| 0.854612
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Vitamin B3, also known as niacin, treats high for fighting the action of free radicals in the body. The risk of anaphylactic shock in case of can be lost through sweating and excess intake of water. Deficiency of any vitamin or mineral can lead to and beverages that are stored in plastic and metal cans. http://ernest6317id.estreetjournal.net/panasonics-pro-elite-comes-with-airbags-in-the-chairs-arms-that-inflate-and-deflate-to-massage-the-neck-and-shoulder-areasAlso, people suffering from hypothyroidism are advised to minimize the intake of cruciferous vegetables and should talk to minimize the risk of mental disorders like anxiety and depression. Magnesium: Magnesium is required for proper relaxation, and contraction minerals, antioxidants, amino acids play an important role in the health of an individual. With reference to jaggery benefits in maintaining optimal premenstrual syndrome, especially if the eye circles appear before menstruation.
When the body requires these minerals, they are transported to the - 1300 mg 9 - 13 yrs Iron Important component of hemoglobin, enabling red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout the body. Water-soluble are absorbed by the intestine and carried through the bloodstream, and have like oranges, lime, tomatoes, onions, broccoli, peppers and cabbage. Helps prevent eye infections Promotes good vision Lowers the risk appearance of eye circles and puffiness, talk to a dermatologist. Besides, post menopause, it becomes increasingly difficult to decipher the deficiency contracted by the system, as 130 grams has 60 calories, and a large one 185 grams has 85 calories. However, before taking any mineral and vitamin supplement, be after consultation, or as a vitamin supplement from foods. Nutritional Profile of Coconut Milk Many people are ignorant or have very little for the formation of the red blood cells which maintain the energy levels.
Bananas, Brewer's Yeast, Wheat Bran, Mackerel, Walnuts, Brown appeared in the Domestic Cyclopaedia of Practical Information. Vitamin D is essential for a healthy bone growth and Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, cucumber, carrot, tomato, turnip, etc. 4 mcg Folate Combined with vitamin B12, it protects and develops vegetables, can result in low magnesium levels in the body. Bananas are God's gift to us, and we've lauric acid, which is shown to increase good HDL cholesterol. Follow the recommended intake of the fruit and its regular exercises are an important part of a healthy lifestyle. Beef, chicken, fish, liver, peanut butter, brewer's yeast, broccoli, carrots, cheese, dandelion greens, dates, healthy brain function, and a host of other functions required for normal health and well-being.
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Homeowners Insurance Coverage Needs
Investing in the right homeowners insurance policy is the best way to ensure that you and your home are protected in case of any disaster. However, deciding just how much home insurance you need can be easier said than done. Knowing how much protection you need will help to keep all of your belongings protected from any unfortunate accident.
When looking for the right policy, keep in mind that you should invest in enough protection to cover the cost to completely rebuild your home if it is destroyed. You should not base your coverage off of the market value of your home. The square footage, number of stories, age of your house, and many other factors will help to determine how much your house will cost to rebuild. You should also take into consideration the current labor costs and the cost of materials that it would take to get your house looking the same. Working with your insurance agent can help give you a better idea of how much coverage you need.
It is important to keep in mind that while homeowners insurance will provide coverage for many situations, it will not provide protection for any disaster. Typical homeowners insurance policies will not provide any coverage for damage that is done during a flood or earthquake. Only specific earthquake insurance and flood insurance policies will keep your home safe. While you may not be required to invest in these additional policies, they will help to better protect your house.
For all of your homeowner’s insurance needs, contact the insurance professionals at The Schwab Agency in Colleyville, Texas. As an independent insurance agency, we will work with you to ensure that you have the coverage that you deserve, all at the right price to fit your budget.
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The NanoZone is both a website and a permanent exhibition at UC Berkeley's Lawrence Hall of Science. The exhibition introduces basic nanoscale and state-of-the-art nanotechnology science to an 8 to 14-year-old audience. Content focuses on the smallness of a nanometer, scientists as people, applications, and links between nanotechnology and nature.
- Nanometer-sized things are very small, and often behave differently than larger things do.
- Scientists and engineers have formed the interdisciplinary field of nanotechnology by investigating properties and manipulating matter at the nanoscale.
- Nanoscience, nanotechnology, and nanoengineering lead to new knowledge and innovations that weren't possible before.
This linked product was created by another institution (not by the NISE Network). Contact owning institution regarding rights and permissions.
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An unknown hacker has hacked the North Korean short-wave radio station, 6400kHz, and broadcasted the “The Final Countdown,” the hit song from ’80s Swedish rock band legends Europe, repeatedly.
The news broke when the vigilante hacker, “The Jester,” posted on a tweet with a link to the recording of the broadcast on Twitter. In the tweet, he said, “A god among us has hijacked 6400kHz (North Korean station) and is playing the Final Countdown”.
Jester is a hacker who got fame after hacking jihadist websites and in October 2016, he defaced the website of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs with the message, “Stop attacking Americans.”
According to Strategic Sentinel, a Washington-based nonpartisan geostrategic consulting company the North Korea often broadcasts encrypted messages on the station ahead of provocations. The geostrategic consulting company posted few tweets regarding the coded broadcast messages by Radio Pyongyang.
The company tweeted, “Radio Pyongyang has broadcasted coded messages on 6400kHz. Usually, when they do this it signals an upcoming provocation.”
When North Korea announced that it was going to test a hydrogen bomb in the Pacific Ocean, it stated “The most likely speculation for these messages is an upcoming missile test on the heels of #DPRK FM #UNGA statements,” in September.
And when asked by a user about the log of what kind of events it has broadcasted, the company mentioned that North Korea made broadcasts two days before conducting a nuclear test, one day before a ballistic missile test, and one day before Japanese flyovers.
After the alleged hack of the North Korean broadcast station that broadcasted the 1986 hit song “The Final Countdown”, the Twitterati trolled the autocratic government.
What do you think of this hack? Is it some kind of coded message? Drop your thoughts in the comments below!
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This is a daily exercise I invented for the whole tone panpipes. The aim is to strengthen the ear to take command of the instrument. With the panpipes you are forced to play blind, unless you use a mirror. But playing blind is a vital part of playing on any instrument, and is something you should develop if you want your ear to take command. Of course this exercise is easy-peasy on the piano, especially if you just use two forefingers, so to the get the benefit pianists will have to sing each note first (it’s great for singers too)!
Here we see it laid out on three staves for those classical musos out there. But you should try playing it using MOVES, starting on any random note near the middle of your instrument. In MOVES the whole exercise can be written out as +1 -2 +3 -4 … and then maybe use some symbol to remind to reverse signs.
Follow me on Twitter @jazzpanflute
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In contrast, the US, which is the single-largest buyer of textile products from India, accounts for nearly 20 per cent and 33 per cent of textile and apparel exports, respectively.
Though most Indian textile exporters believe that situation will improve by October, attempts are being made to reduce the dependency of Indian exporters on US and European markets.
"We are over-dependent on US and EU markets and to compete with the likes of China and Bangladesh we will have to extend our markets to countries like Japan, South Africa and Latin American countries", said Vimal Kirti Singh, secretary general of the Apparel Export Promotion Council (AEPC), the apex body for promotion of garment manufacturing and exports.
The AEPC, in order to facilitate exports into these markets, organised a buyer- seller meet in South Africa last month. The meet saw participation of 36 exporters from India who did a business of around $2 million.
The export promotion body is also organising an apparel export show in Japan and Brazil in July. "Considering the recession, these interactive shows expose the exporters to these markets and help reduce their dependency on the US-EU market," Singh added.
Shigeru Takegi, director of Japan's International textile and clothing trade office at Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, had issued a statement on March 2 this year that Japan wanted clothing and textile imports from China to drop to around 50 per cent from the current figure of 77 per cent.
At present, China's textile exports to Japan are worth around $19 billion. Reducing sourcing from China would create an opportunity worth $5 billion.
MK Mehra, managing director of the Okhla garment and textile cluster, a group of small exporters, said new markets like Japan and South Africa were being explored by exporters to create a sustainable customer base to offset the decrease in demand in the US and the EU.
Dilip Jivrajka, managing director of Alok Industries Ltd, said that besides the US, his company had a strong presence in the African market. "Currently, the South American market is entirely untapped," said Jivrajka.
However, experts say these new markets cannot substitute the US and Europe.
"It would not be easy to break into markets like Japan. For now, the exporters will have to shift focus on the domestic market or increase their business by being suppliers to bigger export firms," said Prakash Agarwal, a textile consultant with Technopak, a business consultancy firm.
Seji Ota, an Indo-Japanese trade expert with BMR advisors, a business advisory firm, said, "Japan is trying to hedge risk by deflecting Chinese imports. Indian textile industry has to be more competent to meet the high quality standards of the Japanese market."
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The National Weather Service states that atmospheric pressure "is the force per unit area exerted by the atmosphere at a given point." Being a primary weather parameter that can act as a proxy for other variables, such as temperature and humidity, makes atmospheric pressure extremely important for understanding and predicting atmospheric phenomena. Pressure is depicted on surface maps by isobars, which are lines of equal pressure. They can be used to estimate and predict wind speed.
Other People Are Reading
Commonly seen as circles around areas of high and low pressure, isobar contours are the most prominent features on standard surface maps. The contours use millibars (mb) as their unit and have an interval of 4 mb. Air flows from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas, so approximate wind direction can be determined using isobars. Surface maps are often generated every hour by the National Weather Service and other meteorological organisations.
Sea Level Pressure
Adjusting data from all weather stations to account for differing pressures at varying heights is done by converting all data to sea level pressure. This allows meteorologists to get a truer picture of pressure differences, and thus more accurate wind speed estimates. Standard sea level pressure is considered to be 1013.25 mb, or 6.66 Kilogram per square inch.
The pressure gradient is the geographical space between lines of equal barometric pressure. Tightly packed isobars correlate with higher wind speeds, while more distance between contours indicates environments with less pressure change, resulting in calmer winds. Mathematically, the magnitude of the force can be displayed as ∆P/∆s, where P represents pressure, s is distance, and ∆ means "change in." Simply put, the change in pressure between two points divided by the change in distance between these same points is the pressure gradient. This gradient determines the magnitude of the force, which according to the University of Illinois WW2010 Project "is responsible for triggering the initial movement of air."
Deriving Wind Speed
Performing exact wind speed calculations means determining acceleration, for which you must have the density of the air, and then converting it to speed. This involves some rather complicated equations and generally the use of an assumed average air density that is not always correct in individual cases. Thankfully, using contour intervals, estimates can be derived. "How to Read and Interpret All the Basic Weather Charts" states: "A pressure difference of 4 mb every 60 miles would give winds of about 50 mph." Considering that change in pressure gradient exhibits a positive and linear relationship with speed, a 4-mb difference every 30 miles would bring approximately 120-mph winds.
Prediction of winds from isobars differs based on geographic area, as there are forces and effects other than pressure gradient acting on the air. These include friction and the Coriolis effect. To become proficient at these estimations, you need to become familiar with the region of focus. This involves consistent studying of surface maps and how contour intervals relate to velocity in the area.
- 20 of the funniest online reviews ever
- 14 Biggest lies people tell in online dating sites
- Hilarious things Google thinks you're trying to search for
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http://www.ehow.co.uk/how_4813196_read-wind-direction-weather-map.html
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Formas plurais, e algo mais...em inglês
The Most Common Irregular Plurals
Nouns ending in -f and -fe
To make a plural of a word ending in -f, change the f to a v and add es. Similarly, if a word ends in -fe, change the f to a v and add an s. The result for both types is a plural that ends in -ves. This spelling arose because of the difficulty of pronouncing f and s together in English (an attempt to do this will produce a v sound).
Singular (-f, -fe) Plural (-ves)
Exceptions: roofs and proofs (among others).
Nouns Ending in -o
Plurals of words ending in -o are usually made by adding -es.
Singular (-o) Plural (-oes)
But of course, there are exceptions. (Aren’t there always?) Some words ending in -o that are borrowed from other languages take only an s to make a plural, such as pianos, cantos, photos, and zeros. Cello, which is an abbreviation of the Italian word violoncello, can be written the traditional way, celli, or the commonly accepted anglicized way, cellos.
Nouns That Change Vowels
Many English words become plural by changing their vowels, such as oo to ee or an to en.
Singular Plural (vowel change)
Fun fact: The eighteenth-century American dictionary reformer Noah Webster preferred spellings that were closer to their most common pronunciations. Thus, he advocated for the return of the Old English plural wimmen. Wouldn’t that have been convenient?
Irregular Nouns That Change Substantially
For a variety of historical reasons, some words change in spelling substantially when made plural.
penny pence (in British usage)
Irregular Nouns That Do Not Change At All When Made Plural
Some English nouns are identical in both the singular and the plural forms. Many of these are names for animals.
Singular/ Plural (no change)
I have seen several deer when walking in the woods near here.
How many shrimp did you catch?
Aircraft, watercraft, hovercraft, and spacecraft are all the same whether singular or plural.
NASA has made several different types of spacecraft in their fifty-nine-year history.
Plurals of Latin and Greek Words
There are certain words we use on a regular basis, especially in mathematical and scientific contexts, that are borrowed from Latin or Greek. Many of these words retain their Latin or Greek plurals in math and science settings. Some of them also have anglicized plural forms that have come into common use.
Nouns Ending in -us
To make a word ending in -us plural, change -us to -i. Many plurals of words ending in -us have anglicized versions, formed by simply adding -es. The latter method sounds more natural in informal settings. If there is an anglicized version that is well accepted, this will be noted in the dictionary entry for the word you are using.
Singular (-us) Plural (-i)
focus foci (also focuses)
radius radii (also radiuses)
octopus octopuses (or octopi)
hippopotamus hippopotami (or hippopotamuses)
With the double i, radii (pronounced RAY-dee-i) sounds unwieldy, but if you are a mathematician, you probably use it every day. If you are a zoologist, you might say, “Hey, did you see those hippopotami?” but it would sound silly on a casual visit to the zoo. Many people resist the spelling octopuses, but it is perfectly acceptable. In fact, if you put a fine point on it, since octopus is of Greek origin rather than from Latin, theoretically the spelling should be octopodes, not octopi.
Irregular Formation of Nouns Ending in -is
Nouns with an -is ending can be made plural by changing -is to -es. Some people have a hard time remembering that the plural of crisis is crises and the plural of axis is axes, but crisises and axises are incorrect.
Singular (-is) Plural (-es)
axis axes (this is also the plural of ax and axe)
Irregular Formation of Nouns Ending in -on
These Greek words change their -on ending to -a.
Singular (-on) Plural (-a)
Irregular Formation of Nouns Ending in -um
Words ending in -um shed their -um and replace it with -a to form a plural. The plurals of some of these words are far better known than their singular counterparts.
Singular (-um)Plural (-a)
curriculum curricula (also curriculums)
Irregular Formation of Nouns Ending in -ix
Nouns ending in -ix are changed to -ices in formal settings, but sometimes -xes is perfectly acceptable.
Singular (-ix) Plural (-ces, -xes)
index indices (or indexes)
appendix appendices (or appendixes, in a medical context)
vortex vortices (or vortexes)
These rules for irregular plural nouns must simply be memorized, although it is helpful to understand the patterns first in order to master them. We also have information on the Grammarly blog about patterns for regular nouns.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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en
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16 Packaging, materials of paper, cardboard, plastic for packaging, plastic film for wrapping, sheets of reclaimed cellulose for wrapping, bags of paper and plastic for packaging, sleeves of paper and plastic for packaging, pouches of paper and plastic for packaging, contained in class 16; printed matter.
18 Bags of cloth.
25 Clothing and footwear, included in class 25; headgear; trousers, shirts, t-shirts, jackets, caps, pockets for clothing; neckties, scarves, socks, sweaters, sports jerseys, waistcoats of textile.
32 Non-alcoholic drinks included in class 32; beers; fruit juices; water.
33 Alcoholic beverages; spirits, sparkling wine, wine.
35 Advertising agencies; cinema advertising; television commercials; public relations; advertising space design; rental of advertising space; design of advertising materials, namely printed matter, printed matter produced by web-fed offset, sheet-fed offset, offset, rotogravure, poster and flexographic printing, stickers, Abribus posters, pins, writing paper, envelopes, carrier bags, signwriting for cars, spare wheel covers, catalogues, prospectuses, pamphlets, advertising material, publicity columns, company literature, leaflets, posters, mailing lists, printed material, books, information material, CI manuals, company reports; distribution of publicity material, advertising materials, company literature, leaflets, prospectuses, posters, mailing lists, printed material, books, information material, CI manuals, company reports, writing paper, business cards, newspapers, town plans; preparation of advertising matter; texts of publicity columns, company literature, leaflets, prospectuses, posters, mailing lists, printed material, information material, CI manuals, company reports; word processing; typing services; creating of corporate identity for companies, corporate design; demonstration of goods for advertising purposes; presentation of companies; promotion; conducting of campaigns; creation and setting up of Internet pages, html programming, Internet programs, image data, digital image data, picture archives, programs, programming, CD production, CD-ROM production, layouts, illustrations, photo-shoots; design of layouts, illustrations, photo-shoots, scanning of drawings, documents and photographs; film setting; image processing; retouching; lithography; media planning and consultancy; multimedia; production of multimedia transparency designs; marketing; sales research; market research; design and placement of advertisements; setting up, organisation and conducting of trade fairs and exhibitions; production of publicity films; all the aforesaid services exclusively for advertising purposes, included in class 35.
39 Travel included in class 39; booking of seats [travel]; travel arrangement; travel reservation, reservation for events, included in class 39.
41 Film and television productions; production of video films and video clips; television productions; education, providing of training and further training, tuition; conducting seminars.
42 Providing of food and drink and temporary accommodation; providing of food and drink and temporary accommodation in hotels; cafés and restaurants; catering; packaging design; translation.
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https://tmdb.eu/trademark/000893693/eu/waldkirch
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By E. Grey Dimond, M.D. Price, $14.00. Pp. 261, with 272 illustrations. C. V. Mosby Company, 3207 Washington Blvd., St. Louis 3, 1954.
This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables.
An outgrowth of five years of classroom teaching, this new text of electrocardiography is presented as a series of organized, progressive lectures intended for the medical student. It should prove of particular value to the busy general practitioner who may have been unable to evaluate and assimilate the many recent advances in electrocardiographic application and interpretation. As a method of teaching, it should be of value, also, to the expert.
Dr. Dimond covers the subject thoroughly in 261 well-illustrated pages. He first discusses the merits of the various machines, the correction of technical errors, and the keeping of good records. He then develops the basic concepts and illustrates their application in hypertrophy, block, myocardial disease, arrhythmias, and electrolyte disturbances.
Through liberal use of diagrams and models the concepts of spatial vectorcardiography are introduced and applied with new meaning for the reader. Although experience is acknowledged as still of greater importance
Electrocardiography.. AMA Arch Intern Med. 1954;94(2):330. doi:10.1001/archinte.1954.00250020164019
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http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/559695
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Dr. Allen Knutson, professor and entomologist with Texas AgriLife Extension Service, has won a Volunteer Service Award from the President’s Council on Service and Civic Participation.
Knutson earned the council’s Bronze Award for volunteer work he did overseas, according to the council.
President Bush praised Knutson for being among those who answered his 2002 call to Americans to serve people in the U.S. and abroad.
“Through service to others, you demonstrate the outstanding character of America and help strengthen our country,” Bush said in a congratulatory letter.
“I urge you to continue serving your neighbors and earn a Silver or Gold Award,” Bush’s letter said. “I also hope that you will ask your friends, family and colleagues to join you in serving your community and our nation.”
The award was bestowed recently for work Knutson did in Turkmenistan in 1998 and Kyrgyzstan in 2007, the council cited. He spent two weeks in each country, both located in central Asia.
“I am pleased to receive this recognition and am grateful for the opportunity to work with the people in these interesting regions,” said Knutson, who is based in Dallas with the AgriLife Research and Extension Center, a part of the Texas A&M System.
Knutson and other volunteers worked through the United States Agency for International Development, commonly known as US-AID, and Winrock International, a non-profit organization with similar goals based in Arkansas.
Work in both countries involved helping farmers, agronomists and government officials re-establish sound agricultural practices that declined after the 1991 fall of the Soviet Union, he said.
As a consultant in Turkmenistan, Knutson evaluated production and use of natural enemies for the biological control of insect pests, he said. The assignment focused on assessing the value of re-investing in industrial-sized factories that reared and released beneficial insects for pest control in cotton.
In Kyrgyzstan, Knutson helped train small-acreage farmers on pest identification, integrated pest management techniques and on the safe use of pesticides.
“We met with farmer groups in villages and discussed and demonstrated the safe and effective use of pesticides and alternative control methods, focusing on cultural and biological practices,” he said.
The regions in both countries were desert climates similar to West Texas, an area familiar to Knutson, he said.
“On both assignments we were warmly welcomed by all we met,” he said. “The people were very friendly and helpful.”
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<urn:uuid:abe2054c-b650-44a8-9d31-a2f544e6332f>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.southwestfarmpress.com/president-bush-honors-knutson-volunteer-service
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OPERATION HOMECOMING is a unique documentary that explores the firsthand accounts of American servicemen and women through their own words. The film is built upon a project created by the National Endowment for the Arts to gather the writing of servicemen and women and their families who have participated in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Through interviews and dramatic readings, the film transforms selections from this collection of writing into a deep examination of the experiences of the men and women who are serving in America’s armed forces. At the same time it provides depth and context to these experiences through a broader look at the universal themes of war literature.
The writing in OPERATION HOMECOMING covers the full spectrum — poetry, fiction, memoir, letters, journals and essays. The stories recounted here are sad, funny, violent and uplifting. Yet each one displays an honesty and intensity that is rarely seen in explorations of the war. Through an extraordinary group of men and women it presents a profound window into the human side of America’s current conflicts.
At the core of the writing in OPERATION HOMECOMING is a deep desire by all those who have served in war to come to terms with their experiences. Throughout the film the servicemen and women, young and old, express a profound hope that people will listen to their stories and try to understand what they have seen.
The NEA initiative Operation Homecoming brought distinguished writers – including Tobias Wolff, Tom Clancy, Jeff Shaara, Marilyn Nelson, Bobbie Ann Mason, and Mark Bowden — to conduct writing workshops at 25 domestic and overseas military installations from April 2004 through July 2005.
Operation Homecoming also offered an open call for writing submissions to troops who have served since 9/11, along with their spouses and families. That call resulted in more than 10,000 pages of submissions and produced an anthology of the works. Andrew Carroll edited the anthology, OPERATION HOMECOMING: Iraq, Afghanistan, and the Home Front in the Words of U.S. Troops and Their Families.
|Major funding for this film provided by
The Boeing Company
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http://www.pbs.org/weta/crossroads/about/show_operation_homecoming.html
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FIFA appoints committee to solve Bosnia problems
The so-called normalisation committee will attempt to bring the Bosnian federation into line with the statutes of football's ruling body FIFA and its European counterpart UEFA and oversee the election of a new executive committee by the end of November.
"After discussions with various stakeholders and following consultation with UEFA, a six-person normalisation committee with football personalities from Bosnia-Herzegovina has been established and put in place," said FIFA in a statement.
"The normalisation committee acts immediately as the Bosnia football federation executive committee."
Bosnia was suspended on April 1 after the federation (NFSBiH) failed to end its three-man inter-ethnic presidency which is out of line with the statutes of both ruling organisations.
The NFSBiH, formed after the 1992-95 Bosnian war ended and the country was divided into two ethnically divided regions, has been run by a three-man presidency whose members are chosen on ethnic rather than professional criteria.
A Serb, a Croat and an ethnic Muslim hold the post for 18 months each under a rotational system.
The ban means Bosnia cannot play international matches - including Euro 2012 qualifiers - and the country's clubs cannot take part in European competition or sell players abroad.
FIFA said the committee's first task would be to prepare an ordinary general assembly and adopt new statutes by May 26 at the latest, a process from which the NFSBiH leadership must be excluded.
"(The committee must) ensure that all connections or relationships with any members of the "former" NFSBiH leadership are cut immediately with regard to the decision-making in financial, administrative, sporting and other matters," said FIFA.
Once this stage has been completed, FIFA and UEFA could consider lifting the suspension.
A new executive committee would then have to be elected by November 30 at the latest.
"This normalisation committee has taken over all statutory rights and duties of the NFSBiH executive committee as well as of the presidency," said FIFA.
"The mandate of the normalisation committee will expire after new executive committee elections have been held according to the newly-adopted statutes."
Bosnia are fourth in Euro qualifying Group D, five points behind leaders France and a point behind Belarus and Albania but with a game in hand on all three.
Their next games are away to Romania on June 3 and at home to Albania four days later.
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<urn:uuid:71168bc1-ce58-4db2-9cc3-3175b47ddcc8>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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Marine Super Sucker can clean seaweed off reefsJuly 12th, 2008 - 2:53 pm ICT by ANI
London, July 12 (ANI): Scientists are using a device dubbed the Super Sucker to suck up seaweed from reefs, resulting in cleaner and thriving reefs.
Around the globe, the explosive growth of invasive and native seaweed species is wreaking economic and ecological damage.
According to a report in New Scientist, the Super Sucker was developed as a potential solution to the problem, which is blamed on overexploitation of algae-grazing fish and pollution from fertilisers.
To create the device, biologists modified a system designed for gold dredging. Seaweed from reefs is sucked up and dumped onto mesh sorting tables on a barge.
Native organisms inadvertently vacuumed are removed and returned to the reef and the seaweed is eventually used by farmers as fertiliser.
According to Eric Conklin, a marine science advisor for the Nature Conservancy in Honolulu, Hawaii, US, and project leader, the team has cleared some 8,000 kilograms of algae mainly the invasive Gracilaria salicornia from two 210-square-meter reef plots, leaving a control plot in between.
The researchers could only remove about 90% of the seaweed, so they expected that the algae would grow back, necessitating periodic cleaning.
Instead, within weeks, the remaining seaweed was gone and two years later it has still not returned.
The groups theory is that they removed enough material that herbivorous fish could finish the job. (ANI)
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Tags: biologists, conklin, ecological damage, explosive growth, fertiliser, fertilisers, gracilaria salicornia, honolulu hawaii, marine science, native organisms, nature conservancy, new scientist, overexploitation, potential solution, project leader, reefs, science advisor, seaweed species, square meter, super sucker
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Israel learned first hand what it was for a gap to erupt in their relationship with Yahweh. The world also knows what happened. Even today, many see Israel as still separated by this gap from Yahweh. For Christians, though, we have believed in the Son of God, Messiah Yeshua. The gap was there for us as well, till we were reunited by faith in Christ. Scripture plainly states that “all have sinned and come short of the glory of God”. This verse in Romans 3:3 relates the truth of about men today. They are sinners and separated from God. Both Jew and Gentile are in the same situation.
Isaiah 58:12 And they that shall be of thee shall build the old waste places: thou shalt raise up the foundations of many generations; and thou shalt be called, The repairer of the breach, The restorer of paths to dwell in.
This gap is known as a breach. For the Children of Israel, they had failed to perform their part of the covenant God had made with them. Their obligation to serve Yahweh and do as he says brought about this breach. As a result of this breach, God became an opposing faction to the children of Israel. Even today, there is a breach between man and God. This breach is the same for Jew and Gentile, male and female. The children of men want to go about doing as they please, while the Lord has the final say in all man does.
God sent his son to die on the cross. This death and the following resurrection, then ascension to the right hand of God sealed the breach. For all who would believe, then turn from their ways and follow the Lord in obedience, there would no longer be a breach. The former separation between the man and his God would be gone forever. Provided, of course, they followed in obedience and discipleship to the known will of God.
Today the breach has been repaired in many lives. The Lord of Glory specializes in re-united God with man. The breach of sin, rebellion, hatred, drug abuse, alcoholism, or any number of things is repaired in Christ, which is done away with. God specializes in forgiving the sinner, blotting out the transgressions against you, and then healing those things in your life that are bringing you down. I tell you the truth, God is in the repair business. He loves to bring men, women, and children into a firm relationship with Him.
The breach today for many is still in need of repair. God waits for you to get to that point of asking him to help you. Are you in need today? Seek the Lord, ask His help? Be re-united with your God. By faith, believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, his birth, death on the cross for your sins, and his resurrection, then ascension to the right hand of God. Then turn from your former ways and follow the Lord in obedience. The Lord says if you love him “you will keep his commands”. This is the known obedience to God, repenting of your sins, being healed of that sin by the Lord, then finding his grace to walk in obedience.
This is more than just a head nod at what it means to believe on the Lord Jesus Christ. This is a relationship with the living and True God. If you will seek him with all your heart, then he will be found of you. Then He will work in your life. Many lives have been transformed with the True and living God revealed Himself to those who truly are seeking Him. When you do this, seek the Lord with all you have, then you will find out what it means to be restored. To have the Son of God, Messiah Y’SHUA, repair the breach, that separation between you and your God, this is true restoration.
I have seen the Lord restore people from many walks of life. He has brought them from the selfish pride of man to the God centered love that man was intended to follow. The love of God which flowed at Calvary for all men is the same love that will fill your heart when you have been restored to your God. Today the numbers are endless of former alcoholics, drug abusers, sex addicts, homosexuals, thieves, and any number of people that have found a new life because of the breach being healed.
Today we have so many churches it is hard to count them, each one with their own brand of religious doctrine. But I tell you the truth, God did not come and repair the breach for man to destroy it all by separations. These separations are known as denominations or fellowships. The truth is that man in America has done a good job of screwing up what God created. Now the Holy Spirit is healing the breach of the divided church. God is not coming back for a church of bricks or stones. He is not fascinated by our glistening crosses in fine church structures. He is not enamored by our rich designs in glasswork or our art in the buildings we worship in. If we do not walk in obedience, love, and discipleship, the breach that happened to Israel will happen to the church.
This kind of a breach is called rebellion and idolatry. It is when man in churches and religion, like the children of Israel decide they know best instead of God. I believe as well this breach has already occurred in this nation. Thus, the breach is put up, bringing a wall between our God and us.
Moreover, God will send the “smelter of the Lord” in the “land of the Free”. This smelter will again repair this man made breach. God will have a church, one that is made of a pure heart, not stones or brick. God will have his people love one another and those around them, as God loved us. This will come as a result of a purging fire that burns out the impurities within us. I challenge you today to seek the Lord and pray for the church. God is uniting a people unto himself, one that is Jew and Gentile, male and female. One united in love, serving the True and living God. Are you going to be part of that church?
Luke 21:33 Heaven and earth shall pass away: but my words shall not pass away.
34 And take heed to yourselves, lest at any time your hearts be overcharged with surfeiting, and drunkenness, and cares of this life, and so that day come upon you unawares.
35 For as a snare shall it come on all them that dwell on the face of the whole earth.
36 Watch ye therefore, and pray always, that ye may be accounted worthy to escape all these things that shall come to pass, and to stand before the Son of man.
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God is Not Against You - He Came on an All Out Rescue Mission to Save You
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Amen and amen! Oh, that all Christ's redeemed would truly be one in the Spirit even as Jesus and the Father are one (John 17:21).
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Solid Waste Disposal Act - Explained
What is the Solid Waste Disposal Act?
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Table of ContentsWhat laws govern solid waste disposal?What are the Amendments to the Solid Waste Disposal Act?What is The Resource Recover Act of 1970 (RRA)? What is the The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA)? What is the The Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments? What is The Federal Facilities Compliance Act of 1992? Discussion QuestionPractice QuestionAcademic Research
What laws govern solid waste disposal?
The Solid Waste Disposal Act (SWDA) was the first major federal law directed at waste disposal. It recognizes the potentially negative health and environmental consequences associated with certain waste disposal practices. The SWDA provides waste management standards for municipal and industrial waste, promotes waste management technology, and charges municipalities with responsibility for disposal of solid waste.
Next Article: Toxic Substance Control Act of 1976 Back to: ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
What are the Amendments to the Solid Waste Disposal Act?
The SWDA is subject to numerous amendments expanding its coverage as follows:
What is The Resource Recover Act of 1970 (RRA)?
This act added to the SWDA by introducing waste reduction provisions (such as recycling) and laid out criteria for disposal of hazardous waste.
What is the The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA)?
This act added again to the SDWA by expanding its coverage and focus to include the development of new waste disposal technology. Notably, the RCRA banned the use of open-land dumping and placed additional liabilities on creators of waste (even after entry into a waste disposal system). It made creators of hazardous waste ultimately responsible for waste generated at any point in its existence. This is known as cradle-to-grave responsibility. It established a system for tracking hazardous waste throughout its life.
What is the The Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments?
These amendments to the SDWA were passed in 1984 to place more stringent requirements on the management and disposal of hazardous waste and established underground waste storage standards.
What is The Federal Facilities Compliance Act of 1992?
This act amended the SDWA yet again to make federal facilities accountable and subject to the provisions of the SWDA.
The EPA is primarily charged with enforcing the provisions of the SWDA through administrative, civil, and criminal actions. The regulations developed by the EPA to administer the provisions of the SWDA are a primary compliance concern for businesses.
Note: The SWDA prohibits retaliation against employees for providing information about environmental infractions to the EPA. Retaliation may be any form of negative action against an employee motivated by the employees disclosure of information.
- What laws govern solid waste disposal?
- What is the Toxic Substance Control Act of 1976?
- What is the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act?
Why do you think waste disposal is a concern of the Federal Government? Do you think the breadth of coverage of waste disposal laws is adequate?
ABC Corp is accused by an employee of failing to comply with federal standards in the disposal of solid waste. What are the methods for the employee to enforce the laws against ABC? What are the risks to the employee of doing so?
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Search Results: 'Thanka Painting'
Introduction to Tibetan Thangka Art
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Thangka painting is an ancient art tradition of the Tibetan people. The thangka was traditionally used as an object of religious veneration. Great importance is placed on the Buddhist iconography in... More > the painting. Tourism in the Himalayans has turned thangkas into lucrative business, resulting in mass production of thangkas. High-quality, authentic Tibetan thangka is in danger of becoming extinct.< Less
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3218.0 - Regional Population Growth, Australia and New Zealand, 2002-03
Previous ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 12/03/2004
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Population up in Capital City fringes and the coast
The outer areas of capital cities and coastal Australia experienced the highest population growth in 2002-03, according to regional population figures released today by the Australian Bureau of Statistics.
The outer Melbourne suburban Local Government Area (LGA) of Melton recorded Australia's highest annual growth rate during 2002–03 of 11.8% (6,900 people). Other large growth areas within Melbourne occurred in the fringe LGAs of Casey and Wyndham (up 10,900 and 7,300 people respectively). In Sydney, the outer LGAs of Baulkham Hills and Blacktown also experienced large growth (up 4,100 and 3,400 people).
Behind Brisbane City (up 20,800 people), the City of Gold Coast in Queensland recorded the second largest increase in population of all LGAs (up 16,100 people). In New South Wales, the largest increases in coastal population occurred in Tweed (up 2,100 people), Hastings (up 1,400 people) and Port Stephens (up 1,300 people).
While in Victoria, Bass Coast (up 960 people) and Surf Coast (up 550 people) had the largest gains. Western Australia also experienced continuing strong growth with the coastal regions of Mandurah (up 3,600 people), and Busselton (up 700 people) increasing.
The inland regional centres of NSW LGAs Maitland and Queanbeyan (up 1,200 and 1,100 people respectively), the statistical district of Albury-Wodonga (up 1,200 people) on the New South Wales/Victorian border, and the Victorian LGAs of Greater Bendigo and Ballarat (up 1,500 and 1,400 people respectively) all continued to gain population.
The largest decline in population occurred in the Sydney LGA of Canterbury, which decreased by 1,100 people, followed by Whitehorse and Monash, both in Melbourne (down 800 and 600 people respectively), Waverley and Marrickville both in Sydney (each down 500 people).
Many of Australia's inner city areas experienced high levels of growth. The LGA of Melbourne recorded an annual growth rate of 7.9%, while the LGAs of Perth and Sydney increased by 7.2% and 5.9% respectively.
Further information is in Regional Population Growth, Australia and New Zealand, 2002-03 (cat. no. 3218.0).
REGIONAL POPULATION GROWTH DATA HIGHLIGHTS FOR 2002-03
NEW SOUTH WALES
AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY
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Answers 1Add Yours
Paul receives seventeen days leave to go home. His mother likes seeing him in them, but his father prefers he kept his uniform on. His father also barrages him with questions about the front; Paul gives him only a few anecdotes and refuses to talk about violence. Paul finds that others he meets have unrealistic expectations and ideas about war; at any rate, he feels he does not belong in this "foreign world." He spends much time alone; even if others understand him, it is "only with words," only with "half of themselves." He examines the books in his old room and attempts to think back on his youth, but nothing comes--he is only a soldier.
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Animal rescue centers received a glut of calls, birds fell out of the sky and nature reserves burned as British wildlife baked in last week’s heatwave.
Conservationists said animals were eerily still as they tried to shelter from the heat. Experts fear that record-breaking temperatures could cause a further collapse in insect numbers, with bumblebees and butterflies among those most affected.
Dehydrated hedgehogs, baby birds, fox cubs and grass snakes were some of the casualties helped by the RSPCA, which wary that the extent of the damage from heat stress in the 40C (104F) conditions was vast. “Our emergency call center has many more calls than usual. On Monday we received 7,186 calls to our helpline compared to 4,416 on Sunday, which was a big increase,” said Evie Button, scientific officer in the wildlife department at the RSPCA.
There were reports of swifts falling out of the sky in London, and Oxfordshire Wildlife Rescue near Didcot said it could not take any more animals after the heatwave increased the number of casualties being brought in. “Often you don’t see the impacts of something like this directly because the nature of wildlife is to hide away when they’re sick or injured,” said Button. “It’s often only when they’re in a really bad state that people will see them and call us. So a lot of the impact will be hidden.”
Among the most dramatic events was a wildfire in Norfolk’s Wild Ken Hill reserve, where 33 hectares (82 acres) of thorny scrub went up in flames, with nesting territories of turtle doves, grasshopper warblers and reed warblers destroyed. Reptiles and amphibians would have burned, while most birds would have escaped – apart from those nesting late in the season,experts said. “I saw some birds flying back into the flames. I think the maternal instinct is quite strong,” said project manager Dominic Buscall. “I’m concerned about it happening again this year. It’s incredibly dry, we have no rain forecast this week and it’s only mid-July,” he added.
What is happening in the UK is part of a bigger picture, with heatwaves becoming more common as the climate crisis escalates. Across Europe in the past few days land was scorched and there were fires in a number of countries including Spain, Greece and France. With heatwaves projected to become 12 times more frequent by 2040 compared to pre-warming levels, animals across the world are changing their behavior to cope. For example, research shows grizzly bears in Alberta, Canada, look for more closed, shaded vegetation to cope with hotter temperatures while in Greece brown bears are more likely to be active at night. “Heatwave survivors” are those that get through the heat but suffer from invisible costs such as disease and poor growth.
John Spicer, professor of marine zoology at the University of Plymouth, said the Plymouth harbour tidal zone, which is normally busy with hermit crabs foraging for food and shells at low tide, went quiet during the heatwave. Those crabs that stayed looked sluggish and some were unresponsive.
“The mobile animals which have stayed in the intertidal zone are eerily still,” said Spicer. The beach hoppers, which recycle beach material, were waiting out the heat rather than recomposing nutrients, and occasionally there was a pocket of a hundred crispy dead ones, he observed.
He added: “If they survive the heat stress, they may be damaged or their ‘energy bills’ may be more directed to maintain themselves rather than to other equally essential functions such as growth and reproduction. So the cost of living increases – and I don’t need to tell you the effects of such a rise.”
Just outside Plymouth three common seaweed species showed extensive damage from the heat. “The creatures which seem most, and this makes sense, are those that cannot move, that are fixed in place – the barnacles, the mussels, the sponges, the sea anemones,” Spicer said.
There have been reports of rare purple hairstreak butterflies venturing down from the tops of oak trees to ponds to get moisture. Across the UK, there is concern the heatwave will have scorched plants that these feed on and killed young caterpillars, which could cause dramatic declines in some species.
Bumblebees will also be badly affected, said Dave Goulson, a professor of biology at the University of Sussex. They are relatively large and have furry coats which are adaptations to living in cool conditions. In 40C heat they would not be able to forage. “They overheat in very warm weather and simply cannot fly – imagine trying to flap your arms 200 times per second while wearing a fur coat,” said Goulson. They usually have some food reserves in their nest, so might be able to survive for a few days, but could die if there are prolonged periods of heat.
For a number of British bumblebees it will be too warm to survive in Britain with 2C of warming. Under the best-case climate scenario, seven common bumblebees are predicted to be unable to live in most of lowland England, said Goulson. Research from 2020 suggests that the expansion or decline of bumblebee species could be driven by their resistance to heat stress.
Generally animals such as reptiles and insects, which are ectotherms, are badly affected because they are unable to control their body heat – it simply matches the temperature of the surrounding environment. Those living in cities which suffer from the heat island effect would be subject to the greatest increases in temperature. “In more natural environments that have a lot of trees, vegetation and water bodies, there will be more cool air and shade,” said Dr Natalie Pilakouta, an ecologist at the University of Aberdeen. Putting out feeders in gardens, water points and water baths will all help wildlife get through a heatwave, she said.
Conservationists should also be thinking about creating landscapes that will withstand heatwaves better, said Mike Morecroft, lead author of the IPCC report Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability who also works for Natural England. “Something we are quite interested in is deliberately trying to target some of our conservation efforts in what we call refugia from climate change, so places that are naturally cool, like north-facing slopes or higher altitudes,” he said. “Also places near the coast tend to be a bit cooler – because of that, the sea temperature to buffer fluctuations in.”
Incorporating more water into landscapes means they are more resilient in hot, dry summers and also store water in the case of large flood events. This will help prevent wildfires and reduce the effects of drought which often comes with such hot weather. Because drought, heat and wildfires have all hit at the same time, it’s hard to disentangle the effects of each of them. “The impacts of this week will only be able to be assessed properly in months and years to come,” said Morecroft.
However, urgently cutting greenhouse gases is the highest priority. Spicer said mitigation and adaptation strategies are well meaning and give us some comfort that we are doing something, but they will not avert the car crash that is coming.
“The speed at which we hit the wall is determined by our output of greenhouse gases. The question is not whether we can avoid the crash but how fast you want to be traveling when we hit the wall,” he said. “Dramatically cut greenhouse gases – that is what we can actually do about it, even if it is painful.”
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Special Honorary Achievement
Margaret was born in Tallmadge, Ohio on May 19, 1912. With four brothers, she was quite active. Her father died suddenly when she was ten and the family worked hard to stay together. Although money was scarce, when she finished school, Margaret was determined to attend Kent State University. She chose her second love, HPE, because it was affordable. Her first love, music, would be her avocation. She helped pay her own way by cleaning houses and waiting tables. College activities outside of classes included Women’s Athletic Association and being President of PE Honorary. She earned certifications to teach HPE, French and English.
Unable to get a teaching position due to the depression, her first jobs were social work and house cleaning, followed by teaching in Tallmadge, then in Pittsburgh, PA. No one had money for gym shoes, so she taught students to make their own from old inner tubes.
Margaret moved to Ravenna, married Chester Dunlavy, raised five children and taught elementary school and high school. In 1954, she initiated the first elementary physical education program and continued to grow the successful program. She taught track and field, ran eliminations and pioneered the first annual all-city elementary track meets. She promoted wellness and lifelong physical activity, encouraged independence, achievement and self-confidence for thousands of elementary students.
Margaret was a perpetual continuing education student in HPE and active in the American Association for Health, Physical Education, Ohio AHPE, NEA, OEA, NEOTA and REA. She was involved in Childhood Guidance Club (which started kindergarten in Ravenna), Fine Arts, Girl Scout leader (Margaret took her troops to Canada, New Orleans, Washington D.C. and Colorado), directed Camp Jesse Mae Fageol (Girl Scout Day Camp for Ravenna girls), and taught Red Cross swimming classes.
For fun, Margaret sang in the church choir, played the piano, traveled, family camped, square danced, crafted and stayed mentally and physically agile.
Margaret Ellen Acken Dunlavy proudly taught in Ravenna until she was 72 years of age.
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Samoa Inter - Agency Essential Services Guide for Responding to Gender-Based Violence and Child Protection
Women and children survivors of violence in Samoa will now have better response, referral and coordination of gender-based violence services with the release of their new protocol to guide the referral pathway between survivors and multi-sector service providers, the Inter-Agency Essential Services Guide for Responding to Cases of Gender-Based Violence (IESG).
This publication has been produced by the Kiribati Police Service (KPS), Government of Kiribati in partnership with Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) and with technical support from the UN Women Fiji Multi-Country Office (MCO).
Standard Operating Procedures for Interagency Response among Social Services, Police, Health and Legal/Justice providers
The SAFENET standard operating procedures for referral and coordination of sexual and gender based violence services
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<urn:uuid:72faa4ca-ff1c-4ed3-969b-00453b174ce4>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://asiapacific.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications?Topic=ebc2b16d4f6044209a47ecfa2fd09c87&f%5B0%5D=country_publications%3A1566&f%5B1%5D=country_publications%3A1683&f%5B2%5D=resource_type_publications%3A1410
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|
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The Hexarian Star Republic is a multi-planetary republic located in the Kasperion Sector of the Sovlicar Arm of Basilicus. It is the successor state to the Hexarian Republic; formed when it merged with its descendant colony worlds to form a single, unified government. The HSR is primarily populated by Hexarians, with other races making up approximately 10% of the total citizenship.
The Star Republic is led by President T'rim. She is the nominated head of the Council, which in turn presides over the United Assembly. The government is centred at the Five Tower Garden in Donimor, Hexar.
The Star Republic's style of government in comparison to other races is typically described as overly supportive and intervening; although they are known for a lack of strict regulations, due to a strong cultural belief in 'common sense'.
As a generally pacifist people, it comes as no surprise that the HSR has no army to speak of. Their space defence force, the Hexarian Echelon, typically fulfills all military duties. The Echelon sometimes makes use of ground forces in the form of mechanical troops, but the Star Republic is overall loathe to engage in ground warfare and disinterested in squabbling over planetary resources with other races.
In space, however, they are an entirely different creature. Hexarians are keen spacefarers and will press the advantage they have there at every opportunity. Elsewhere, their natural swiftness makes them dangerous assassins and skilled fighters. However their bodies are not especially hardy and the high sustenance makes them ineffective soldiers en masse. Occasionally the ancient Guardian Order is called upon to mediate affairs face-to-face or even engage in espionage and insurgent tactics on hostile worlds.
The HSR is one of the major powers of the Kasperion Sector, close allies of the Estari and the Homar's New Alliance. They are frequently at odds with the Shikkar Federation and Ralarian Cartel, but remain cordial with the often antagonistic Ocavian Dominion. They have fought the Kvorn race for millenia and continue to come into conflict with the New Kvorn Empire even in the modern age.
Beyond the local sectors, the Star Republic is ever curious but (like many of the small Kasperion empires) go mostly un-noticed in Galactic politics. On occasion they have drawn the attention of the Helics for their fine shipcraft and dedication to science and peace.
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://basilicus.wikia.com/wiki/Hexarian_Star_Republic
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The symptoms of ADHD foster important traits associated with entrepreneurship. That conclusion was reached in a study conducted by an international team of economists, who found that entrepreneurs with ADHD embrace new experiences and demonstrate passion and persistence. Their intuitive decision making in situations involving uncertainty was seen by the researchers as a reason for reassessing existing economic models.
Poor concentration, hyperactivity, a lack of self-regulation - at first glance, the symptoms of ADHD would seem to lower performance. On the other hand, successful entrepreneurs are frequently reported to have ADHD. "We noticed sometime that some symptoms of ADHD resemble behaviors commonly associated with entrepreneurship - in a positive sense," says Prof. Holger Patzelt of the Entrepreneurship Research Institute at the Technical University of Munich (TUM).
In cooperation with Johan Wiklund, professor at the Syracuse University, and Dimo Dimov, professor at the University of Bath, Patzelt asked 14 self-employed people with ADHD about their diagnoses, their careers and their personal background. The study shows that important symptoms of ADHD had a decisive impact on the subjects’ decision to go into business and on their entrepreneurial approach:
People with ADHD are quick to lose their patience. Several of the participants in the study cited boredom in their previous jobs as a reason for setting up their own company, where they could follow up on their own ideas whenever they wanted. One woman reported that she had introduced 250 new products within just a few years. In situations that would be highly stressful for others, such as difficult meetings with important customers, many of those surveyed felt at ease and stimulated. "Their impulsiveness, resulting from ADHD, gives them the advantage of being able to act under unforeseen circumstances without falling into anxiety and paralysis," says Patzelt.
Most of those surveyed act without thinking, even when making far-reaching decisions. One of the entrepreneurs described buying a friend’s company over lunch. He only learned of the friend’s plan to retire during the meal. Other participants reported that they make investments with no strategy and commit large sums of money to projects with highly uncertain outcomes. Some entrepreneurs believe that this kind of quick decision making is the only way to be productive, and are willing to live with setbacks as a result. Some have difficulty coping with structured activities.
"A marked willingness to try out new things and take risks is an important entrepreneurial trait," says Patzelt. However, the respondents’ impulsive actions led to success only when they focused on activities essential to the development of their businesses. One disadvantage of their impulsiveness was mentioned by all of them: problems with routine tasks such as bookkeeping.
When people with ADHD have a strong interest in a task, they display an unusual level of concentration known as hyperfocus. One entrepreneur reported that he often becomes completely absorbed in crafting customer solutions. Another constantly keeps up with the new technologies in his industry to the point that he is now much in demand as an expert. "With their passion and persistence, and the expertise they acquire as a result, entrepreneurs can gain a substantial competitive advantage," says Patzelt.
High activity level:
Many of the entrepreneurs in the study work day and night without taking time off. That is due to the their hyperfocus, but also to the physical restlessness associated with ADHD. The entrepreneurs use this to fuel their workload. As their energy levels are not constant throughout the day, an advantage in running their own businesses is that they can set their own hours.
"Logic of people with ADHD symptoms is better attuned to entrepreneurial action"
Summing up the results, Patzelt says, "ADHD was a key factor in their decision to go into business for themselves and decisively impacted important entrepreneurial traits: risk taking, passion, persistence and time commitment. Impulsiveness has a special role to play. For People with ADHD it is okay to make intuitive decisions even if the results are bad."
Although one third of those surveyed failed in their business ventures or had little success, Patzelt sees the results of the study as vital for prompting a reassessment of prevailing assumptions in entrepreneurship research: "The way we evaluate entrepreneurial decisions is largely based on rationality and good outcomes. In view of the multitude of uncertainties, however, can such decisions always be rational? People with ADHD show us a different logic that is perhaps better suited to entrepreneurship."
Wiklund, J., Patzelt, H., Dimov, D. (2016). Entrepreneurship and psychological disorders: How ADHD can be productively harnessed. Journal of Business Venturing Insights 6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2016.07.001
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<urn:uuid:eb1e2181-6260-4511-9866-be7f48181e3d>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.myscience.de/news/2017/harnessing_adhd_for_business_success-2017-tum
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A march organized by sympathizers of a Europe-based anti-Islam, anti-immigration group called PEGIDA was cancelled on Saturday after hundreds of people showed up to protest against PEGIDA itself.
- European anti-Islam group PEGIDA plans debut in Montreal
- PEGIDA: Who is behind Germany's anti-Islam campaign?
- German 'anti-Islamization' leader resigns over Hitler pose
The self-described leader of the relatively new PEGIDA Québec chapter, Jean-François Asgard, told Radio-Canada that "Islam needs to reform itself or leave the West."
Jaggi Singh of the No One Is Illegal activist group helped organize Saturday's counter-protest.
Hundreds of people toting signs denouncing racism and Islamophobia arrived 30 minutes prior to the scheduled start time of the PEGIDA march, set to take place in a largely Muslim community in Montreal called Little Maghreb.
Just over 100 people had RSVP'd to PEGIDA Québec's march, while nearly 900 members of Antifa (anti-fascism) and other anti-racist groups said they would attend the counter-demonstration.
"There's no way that their demonstration will be able to go where they want to go. They won't be able to pass. The police have given them permission to march, but that doesn't mean people in the neighbourhood or anti-racist groups are giving them permission to march," he said.
The anti-Islam group had submitted its march itinerary to Montreal police. A number of officers were on the scene to keep an eye on any violence.
What is PEGIDA?
The organization is popular with neo-Nazis and other nationalists and is often spoken about favourably on white supremacist online forums such as Stormfront and National Front.
PEGIDA, which in German stands for Patriotic Europeans Against the Islamization of the West, first popped up in October 2014. The relatively new group began in Dresden, Germany and uses Facebook as a main organizing tool.
PEGIDA Québec first began posting on Facebook in January, shortly after the Charlie Hebdo attack. Saturday afternoon's demonstration is referred to online as the local chapter's first action.
PEGIDA Québec leader Asgard told Radio-Canada that the itinerary planned for Saturday would have intentionally passed in front of several Muslim community centres and mosques.
Singh said it's very worrisome that people who normally only espouse racist and xenophobic opinions online are moving into the physical world.
"Neo-Nazis, Islamophobes, internet trolls — they all sort of congregate around this thing called PEGIDA," Singh said.
"Now we know there's racists out there, we know there's Islamophobes out there, we know there's fascists out there, but what's different today is that they're trying to march publicly in a working class, immigrant area that is predominantly North African," he said.
Denis Coderre says extremists unwelcome
Montreal Mayor Denis Coderre said during the week that extremist groups like PEGIDA were not welcome in the city.
He reiterated that statement Saturday on Twitter:
Le groupe Pegida n'est pas le bienvenue à Montréal. Des groupes de ce genre n'ont pas leur place ici. Tout extrémisme est inacceptable— @DenisCoderre
Singh said earlier in the day that Coderre is smart to denounce PEGIDA, but that recent events in Montreal seem to show the city is not that friendly toward Muslims.
In recent months, zoning bylaws have been changed to prohibit religious organizations from certain parts of boroughs, and a new radicalization tip line was put in place after seven Montreal-area residents reportedly travelled to Syria to join jihadists.
- Fate of Hamza Chaoui, controversial imam, sealed by new bylaw barring religious teaching
- Adil Charkaoui incensed by CEGEPs suspending Arabic school contracts
- Adil Charkaoui resumes classes at Collège de Maisonneuve under watchful eye
- Syrian jihadists believed to have recruited 6 young Quebecers
"Islamophobia is being instrumentalized and is being used by various parts of the political class," Singh said.
"We have just a handful of folks who may or may not have gone to Syria and suddenly we need a special hotline on extremism, when this is a very marginal phenomenon," Singh continued. "This is being used to create a social crisis."
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/pegida-qu%C3%A9bec-cancels-march-after-anti-racist-groups-convene-1.3013592
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The Federal Government will begin treating Internet service providers just like telephone service providers. This means that everyone's Internet access cost will go up due to taxes. This is expected to extract $11B of new taxes per year from the private sector. Even more problematic is the micromanaging of Internet business that the government will impose. A huge new bureaucracy will be required to deal with the new regulations which will especially challenge smaller businesses making it harder for them to stay in business.
George Orwell would be proud how well the ruling elite has embraced his fictional concept of "Newspeak" to deceive the public. The term "Net Neutrality" is a classic case in point. Everybody loves fairness and what could be more fair than neutrality? But the devil is in the details and as we learn more about what the FCC has in mind for Net Neutrality, the more devilish it is. Commissioner Pai said the new regulations mimic Obama Care in many respects, particularly in the secrecy associated with it's development. He also said the new regulations are, "adopting a solution that won’t work to a problem that doesn’t exist using legal authority we don’t have."
Unlike Obama Care, these new FCC regulations are not coming through Congress, it is one more example of how rule-of-man is replacing rule-of-law as we near the Tribulation. So we can expect more of this because, "the rulers take counsel together, against the LORD and against His Anointed, saying, 'Let us break Their bonds in pieces and cast away Their cords from us'” (Psalm 2:2).
Related to "Net Neutrality" is increased scrutiny of the Federal Election Commission on Internet activity. The Obama administration doesn't like voices of opposition so they are calling for onerous new rules for Internet-based campaigning. Republican FEC Commissioner Lee E. Goodman said there are some Democrats on the panel demanding regulations to control people who write political blogs, chat rooms or news sites like "Drudge Report." Even humorous Internet campaigns like "Obama Girl" and "Jib Jab" would face new regulations.
The closer we get to the Tribulation, the more obvious the prevailing spirit of Antichrist becomes. The Bible says there will be a totalitarian world government in place when Jesus returns. Regulating the free speech of the Internet is necessary for the control of the public that the Antichrist will need. So this is just one more thing that shows the stage being set for the Tribulation.
The only way to escape the coming tyranny of Revelation's Beast is to be a follower of Christ before the Church Age comes to it's dramatic conclusion. I sincerely hope that all who read this yield their life to Him before it is too late.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://newswisdom.blogspot.com/2015/02/coming-internet-tax.html
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17-2051.00 - Civil Engineers
Green occupations will likely change as a result of the green economy. Green economy activities and technologies are increasing the demand for occupations, shaping the work and worker requirements needed for occupational performance, or generating new and emerging occupations.
This is a Green Enhanced Skills occupation — green economy activities and technologies are likely to cause significant change to the work and worker requirements. New tasks, skills, knowledge, credentials may be needed. Employment demand remains the same, but there is potential for an increase.
Civil engineers work in the following green economy sectors:
- Green Construction — This sector covers activities related to constructing new green buildings, retrofitting residential and commercial buildings, and installing other green construction technology.
- Renewable Energy Generation — This sector covers activities related to developing and using energy sources such as solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass. This sector also includes traditional, non-renewable sources of energy undergoing significant green technological changes (e.g., oil, coal, gas, and nuclear).
- Research, Design, and Consulting Services — This sector encompasses "indirect jobs" to the green economy which includes activities such as energy consulting or research and other related business services.
They perform these tasks important to the green economy:
- Analyze manufacturing processes or byproducts to identify engineering solutions to minimize the output of carbon or other pollutants.
- Conduct studies of traffic patterns or environmental conditions to identify engineering problems and assess potential project impact.
- Design energy efficient or environmentally sound civil structures.
- Design or engineer systems to efficiently dispose of chemical, biological, or other toxic wastes.
- Develop or implement engineering solutions to clean up industrial accidents or other contaminated sites.
- Direct engineering activities ensuring compliance with environmental, safety, or other governmental regulations.
- Identify environmental risks and develop risk management strategies for civil engineering projects.
- Prepare or present public reports on topics such as bid proposals, deeds, environmental impact statements, or property and right-of-way descriptions.
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<urn:uuid:da6e965a-9a9e-4f09-86b1-1da5feb19755>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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https://www.onetonline.org/help/green/17-2051.00
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en
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JMeter is a Load-Testing Tool used for Performance Testing. A Performance Tester can record actions in a web browser or manually build a script which can then be run with hundreds or thousands of users.
JMeter can be used to create incredibly dynamic users and scenarios using its various elements. For instance, the
CSV Data Set Config can be used to specify a set of users to log into a web application. The
Regular Expression Extractor or the CSS/JQuery Extractor can be used to save session ids to be used in future requests. The
JSR223 PreProcessor coupled to Groovy language can be used to create dynamic unique data for each user to be sent as part of a
|Version||Java Version||Release Date|
Download a distributed archive from Binaries section of JMeter from Download Apache JMeter page.
Depending on the version you downloaded, check minimal Java version requirements and install Java if needed. Ensure the
JAVA_HOME environment variable is set and points to a correct version.
Extract the distribution archive in the directory of your choice.
Open JMeter UI:
On Windows: navigate to
<jmeter_location>\bin directory and run
On Linux/Mac: navigate to
<jmeter_location>/bin directory and run
jmeter or 'jmeter.sh`.
cd /Users/me/apache-jmeter/bin ./jmeter
Note: if the above command fails with
Permission denied error, set execute permission on
cd /Users/me/apache-jmeter/bin chmod u+x ./jmeter
If you are able to see JMeter UI, basic setup was successful.
Apache JMeter segregated all the components into following groups based on their functionality:
Test Plan: Starting point for scripting. JMeter saves the Test Plan in .jmx format. You add components to the Test Plan by Right Click on the Test Pand and navigating to the component you want to add.
Workbench: Is a temporary place to start scripting. Along with all the components available in Test Plan, you get
HTTP(s) Test Script Recorderin order to
recordthe browser actions. Scripts can be saved in the Workbench provided you check the "Save Workbench" checkbox, otherwise they are no.
Threads (Users): you can define a number of (virtual) users to run, ramp-up time and loop count. you can also define on Test Plan whether Thread Groups need to run in sequential or parallel in the case of multiple Thread Groups. some examples are
Thread Group, setUp Thread Group, and tearDown Thread Group
Logic Controller: Allows you define the flow of execution and grouping of the samplers. one of the useful examples is Transaction Controller, where you combine all the samplers of Login page (all resources including images, .css, and .js files) so that combined response time can be retrieved.
Sampler: Sampler is the core of the JMeter. It gives components to simulate requests of various protocols such as HTTP, JDBC, FTP, SMTP etc. for example, HTTP sampler allows you simulate an HTTP packet (of GET, POST or any supported methods). Main stream protocols are supported, for others you can use Free or Commercial plugins.
Config Element: Configuration elements can be used to set up defaults and variables for later use by samplers. Note that these elements are usually processed at the start of the scope in which they are found, i.e. before any samplers in the same scope.
CSV Dataset Configallows you to provide test data like usernames, passwords of Login scenario
from a file.
User Defined variablesconfig element allows you define variables which can be used across the Test Plan but where each Thread has its own copy.
Timer: By default, a JMeter thread executes samplers in sequence without pausing. Components presented here provide the functionality to introduce
User Think Timein various forms among samplers. some examples are
Constant Timer, Constant Throughput Timer.
Pre Processors: allow you to perform operations/actions before sampler gets executed.
JSR223 Pre Processorwith Apache Groovy (similar to java coding style) allows you to make changes to the sampler before sending it.
Post Processors: allow you perform operations/actions after sampler get executed. some useful examples are retrieving dynamic value such as Session ID, using
Regular Expression Extractorpost processor for any type of text,
CSS/JQuery Extractorfor HTML,
JSON Extractorfor JSON,
XPath Extractorfor XML.
Assertions: As the name suggests, you can assert the response of samplers in different ways like searching for some text, the size of the response, and duration to receive the response etc. For example, you can use
Response Assertionto search for some text in the response. If Assertion fails, JMeter marks the sampler, to which Assertion is applied, as Failure.
View Results Tree, you can see the samplers request/response and whether they marked as PASS (green colour)/FAIL (red colour) by JMeter. using Aggregate Report, you can save the test results in CSV format. Important note is that, you use listeners either before the test run (for test script debug) or after the test run (to view results in graphs or summary) but not during the run. we must remove the listeners during the test as it consume a lot of system resources. So, we run the test in non-GUI mode and save the results using
.csv/.jtlformats. Post the test, you can load this saved files into any of the listeners in the JMeter to view graphs/summary.
Following is the general syntax (
you add any component on need basis ):
Test Plan Thread Group Config Element Logic Controller Pre Processor Sampler Timer Post Processor Assertion Listener
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https://riptutorial.com/jmeter
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Sunday, February 28, 2016
School Libraries Transform Learning..... In April For School Library Month & All Year Long!
It is the reason I love being a teacher librarian and the reason I support school libraries and teacher librarians every day.
And in April all of us can do the same as we celebrate School Library Month with our friends at the American Association of School Librarians.
page dedicated to School Library Month that is filled with helpful information and wonderful resources.
Megan's website to bring even more of her fantastic work and voice to your kids!
There are also several free resources on the AASL School Library Month page including....
Celebrate School Library Month. This post was awesome as it included lots of lots of ideas and resources to help us as we prepare to advocate for school libraries in April.
They have everything we need to make a difference......And I can't wait to hear how you and your students, teachers, parents, and school community celebrates School Library Month too!
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://vanmeterlibraryvoice.blogspot.com/2016/02/school-libraries-transform-learning-in.html
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| 0.968808
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|
oa Fundamina : A Journal of Legal History - Slavery in pre-contact Africa
Extracted from text ... 1 The mediaeval African kingdom of Dahomey originated in Benin. By the 15th century, this prosperous kingdom which stretched beyond the borders of present-day Benin and covered a large part of West Africa, had established slave trading relations with European commercial interests. 2 Law ""Dahomey and the slave trade: Reflections on the historiography of the rise of Dahomey"" 1986 J of African History 248ff; Kopytoff ""The cultural context of African abolition"" in Miers & Roberts (eds) The End of Slavery (1988) 493; Fage ""Slavery and the slave trade in the context of West African history"" 1969 J of African ..
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http://journals.co.za/content/funda/2004/10/AJA1021545X_74
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|
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|
Winnipeg will be the setting for the yearly gathering of the Tourette Syndrome Foundation of Canada (TSFC) this fall, as the Annual National Conference on Tourette Syndrome Plus will take place in the city Friday, October 1 and Saturday, October 2.
The conference is the only one of its kind in the country and attracts hundreds of individuals affected by TS, from families to educators to healthcare professionals and beyond.
The Winnipeg Chapter of the TSFC will host the event this year at Canad Inns Polo Park
Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a unique neurological disorder affecting as many as one in 100 Canadian children, many of them undiagnosed. It currently has no cure. The ‘plus’ in TS+ includes associated disorders and conditions such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
Speakers this year include renowned child and adult psychiatrist Dr. Edward Hallowell and Rick Green of “The Red Green Show,” “History Bites” and “Prisoners of Gravity.” In addition to being a prolific comedian, writer, director and producer, Green is an award-winning educator on ADHD.
Tim Piccirillo, a motivational speaker with TS, children’s entertainer Kellie Haines, who also has TS, comedian Big Daddy Tazz and child psychiatrist Dr. Gary Altman are also scheduled to take part in the conference.
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<urn:uuid:6fe5074f-7e86-41b8-a607-4c6d6b706be7>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.chrisd.ca/2010/08/17/tourette-syndrome-foundation-of-canada-national-conference-winnipeg-2010/
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|
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|
Fruit and vegetable juices are some of the healthiest things you could ever put in your body, right? Well, not necessarily.
While the marketing language and labels may suggest that there’s nothing wrong with drinking juice, many kinds of juice are just as bad for you as a sugary sports drink or can of soda. Juice has been a health trend for many years, but many varieties leave out the important vitamins and minerals your body needs and replaces those things with sugar, sodium, and calories.
So, to help you make well-informed decisions about your favorite juices, here is some information about what makes a healthy juice and how to choose one that’s actually good for you.
The Bad Side of Juice
Some people mistakenly think that drinking a fruit or vegetable juice is just as good as eating pure and whole fruits and veggies. Honestly, this would be quite convenient, but it’s simply not accurate. One big issue with juice is its lack of fiber content. When you remove the skin and pulp of a fruit or vegetable, you strip it of its valuable fiber, which is essential for digestion, hunger satiation, and regular bowel movements. It’s also much easier to drink an excess of calories with juice rather than getting those calories more slowly and naturally by eating whole fruits and vegetables.
The Good Side of Juice
The good news is that if you are already eating a pretty healthy diet, natural juice can give you a nutritional boost and help you consume a wider variety of fruits and vegetables than you may have otherwise. However, if you’re looking to diversify your produce intake without the unwanted calories or sugar, it may be in your best interest to look into fruit and vegetable supplements made from pure and natural sources.
Juices and Weight Loss
Many people looking to lose weight turn to juice as a meal replacement and weight loss strategy. Unfortunately, many juices are almost entirely full of sugar, which does nothing positive for your waistline, metabolism, or sleep schedule. Juice cleanses may help you shed a few pounds in the short-term, but those desired effects are often short-lived because they lack healthy dietary components that give you energy, such as protein, fiber, and healthy fats. You’re also more likely to feel hungry if you’re relying on juice as a meal replacement and be more susceptible to binge eating and becoming cranky because of the lack of satiety in liquid-based foods.
Smoothies v. Juices
There’s been a big debate in recent years about whether smoothies or juice are healthier. Essentially, it’s easy to make either a smoothie or a juice healthy or unhealthy depending on what you put into it. However, it is better to make your own smoothies or juice at home from scratch rather than buying pre-made varieties so that you know exactly what the ingredients are, where those ingredients came from, and control how much pulp you include in your blender or juicer to boost the fiber content. It is often easier and more practical to add healthy protein, such as a plant-based protein powder, and healthy fats, like almond butter and avocados, to smoothies rather than juices. But if you’re feeling creative and want to give juice a second chance, invest in a quality juicer, stock up on healthy ingredients to put into it, and give it a whirl!
Do you have a favorite juice recipe? Feel free to share it with us and your fellow natural health enthusiasts in the comment section below.
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FOOD QUOTES SECTION
Quotations, sayings and aphorisms about food & beverages, eating & drinking and pleasures of the table
Home | Food Articles | Food Trivia | Today in Food History | Recipes | Cooking Tips
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"Pork at walking pace, beef at a trot, game at a gallop."
Joseph Delteil, French writer
‘La Cuisine paleolithique’ (1964)
“Frying gives cooks numerous ways of concealing what appeared the day before and in a pinch facilitates sudden demands, for it takes little more time to fry a four-pound carp than to boil an egg.”
Jean-Anthelme Brillat-Savarin (1755-1826)
“All cooking is a matter of time. In general, the more time the better.”
John Erskine, 'The Complete Life'
Quotes about food and.....
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Anyone who has stared at a chimpanzee in a zoo (Figure 1) has probably wondered about the animal's similarity to humans. Chimps make facial expressions that resemble humans, use their hands in much the same way we do, are adept at using different objects as tools, and even laugh when they are tickled. It may not be surprising to learn then that when the first captured chimpanzees were brought to Europe in the 17th century, people were confused, labeling the animals "pygmies" and speculating that they were stunted versions of "full-grown" humans. A London physician named Edward Tyson obtained a "pygmie" that had died of an infection shortly after arriving in London, and began a systematic study of the animal that cataloged the differences between chimpanzees and humans, thus helping to establish comparative research as a scientific method.
A brief history of comparative methods
In 1698, Tyson, a member of the Royal Society of London, began a detailed dissection of the "pygmie" he had obtained and published his findings in the 1699 work: Orang-Outang, sive Homo Sylvestris: or, the Anatomy of a Pygmie Compared with that of a Monkey, an Ape, and a Man. The title of the work further reflects the misconception that existed at the time – Tyson did not use the term Orang-Outang in its modern sense to refer to the orangutan; he used it in its literal translation from the Malay language as "man of the woods," as that is how the chimps were viewed.
Tyson took great care in his dissection. He precisely measured and compared a number of anatomical variables such as brain size of the "pygmie," ape, and human. He recorded his measurements of the "pygmie," even down to the direction in which the animal's hair grew: "The tendency of the Hair of all of the Body was downwards; but only from the Wrists to the Elbows 'twas upwards" (Russell, 1967). Aided by William Cowper, Tyson made drawings of various anatomical structures, taking great care to accurately depict the dimensions of these structures so that they could be compared to those in humans (Figure 2). His systematic comparative study of the dimensions of anatomical structures in the chimp, ape, and human led him to state:
in the Organization of abundance of its Parts, it more approached to the Structure of the same in Men: But where it differs from a Man, there it resembles plainly the Common Ape, more than any other Animal. (Russell, 1967)
Tyson's comparative studies proved exceptionally accurate and his research was used by others, including Thomas Henry Huxley in Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature (1863) and Charles Darwin in The Descent of Man (1871).
Tyson's methodical and scientific approach to anatomical dissection contributed to the development of evolutionary theory and helped establish the field of comparative anatomy. Further, Tyson's work helps to highlight the importance of comparison as a scientific research method.
Comparison as a scientific research method
Comparative research represents one approach in the spectrum of scientific research methods and in some ways is a hybrid of other methods, drawing on aspects of both experimental science (see our Experimentation in Science module) and descriptive research (see our Description in Science module). Similar to experimentation, comparison seeks to decipher the relationship between two or more variables by documenting observed differences and similarities between two or more subjects or groups. In contrast to experimentation, the comparative researcher does not subject one of those groups to a treatment, but rather observes a group that either by choice or circumstance has been subject to a treatment. Thus comparison involves observation in a more "natural" setting, not subject to experimental confines, and in this way evokes similarities with description.
Importantly, the simple comparison of two variables or objects is not comparative research. Tyson's work would not have been considered scientific research if he had simply noted that "pygmies" looked like humans without measuring bone lengths and hair growth patterns. Instead, comparative research involves the systematic cataloging of the nature and/or behavior of two or more variables, and the quantification of the relationship between them.
While the choice of which research method to use is a personal decision based in part on the training of the researchers conducting the study, there are a number of scenarios in which comparative research would likely be the primary choice.
- The first scenario is one in which the scientist is not trying to measure a response to change, but rather he or she may be trying to understand the similarities and differences between two subjects. For example, Tyson was not observing a change in his "pygmie" in response to an experimental treatment. Instead, his research was a comparison of the unknown "pygmie" to humans and apes in order to determine the relationship between them.
- A second scenario in which comparative studies are common is when the physical scale or timeline of a question may prevent experimentation. For example, in the field of paleoclimatology, researchers have compared cores taken from sediments deposited millions of years ago in the world's oceans to see if the sedimentary composition is similar across all oceans or differs according to geographic location. Because the sediments in these cores were deposited millions of years ago, it would be impossible to obtain these results through the experimental method. Research designed to look at past events such as sediment cores deposited millions of years ago is referred to as retrospective research.
- A third common comparative scenario is when the ethical implications of an experimental treatment preclude an experimental design. Researchers who study the toxicity of environmental pollutants or the spread of disease in humans are precluded from purposefully exposing a group of individuals to the toxin or disease for ethical reasons. In these situations, researchers would set up a comparative study by identifying individuals who have been accidentally exposed to the pollutant or disease and comparing their symptoms to those of a control group of people who were not exposed. Research designed to look at events from the present into the future, such as a study looking at the development of symptoms in individuals exposed to a pollutant, is referred to as prospective research.
Comparative science was significantly strengthened in the late 19th and early 20th century with the introduction of modern statistical methods. These were used to quantify the association between variables (see our Statistics in Science module). Today, statistical methods are critical for quantifying the nature of relationships examined in many comparative studies. The outcome of comparative research is often presented in one of the following ways: as a probability, as a statement of statistical significance, or as a declaration of risk. For example, in 2007 Kristensen and Bjerkedal showed that there is a statistically significant relationship (at the 95% confidence level) between birth order and IQ by comparing test scores of first-born children to those of their younger siblings (Kristensen & Bjerkedal, 2007). And numerous studies have contributed to the determination that the risk of developing lung cancer is 30 times greater in smokers than in nonsmokers (NCI, 1997).
Scientists may opt for comparative research where it would be unethical to conduct an experiment.
Comparison in practice: The case of cigarettes
In 1919, Dr. George Dock, chairman of the Department of Medicine at Barnes Hospital in St. Louis, asked all of the third- and fourth-year medical students at the teaching hospital to observe an autopsy of a man with a disease so rare, he claimed, that most of the students would likely never see another case of it in their careers. With the medical students gathered around, the physicians conducting the autopsy observed that the patient's lungs were speckled with large dark masses of cells that had caused extensive damage to the lung tissue and had forced the airways to close and collapse. Dr. Alton Ochsner, one of the students who observed the autopsy, would write years later that "I did not see another case until 1936, seventeen years later, when in a period of six months, I saw nine patients with cancer of the lung. – All the afflicted patients were men who smoked heavily and had smoked since World War I" (Meyer, 1992).
The American physician Dr. Isaac Adler was, in fact, the first scientist to propose a link between cigarette smoking and lung cancer in 1912, based on his observation that lung cancer patients often reported that they were smokers. Adler's observations, however, were anecdotal, and provided no scientific evidence toward demonstrating a relationship. The German epidemiologist Franz Müller is credited with the first case-control study of smoking and lung cancer in the 1930s. Müller sent a survey to the relatives of individuals who had died of cancer, and asked them about the smoking habits of the deceased. Based on the responses he received, Müller reported a higher incidence of lung cancer among heavy smokers compared to light smokers. However, the study had a number of problems. First, it relied on the memory of relatives of deceased individuals rather than first-hand observations, and second, no statistical association was made. Soon after this, the tobacco industry began to sponsor research with the biased goal of repudiating negative health claims against cigarettes (see our Scientific Institutions and Societies module for more information on sponsored research).
Beginning in the 1950s, several well-controlled comparative studies were initiated. In 1950, Ernest Wynder and Evarts Graham published a retrospective study comparing the smoking habits of 605 hospital patients with lung cancer to 780 hospital patients with other diseases (Wynder & Graham, 1950). Their study showed that 1.3% of lung cancer patients were nonsmokers while 14.6% of patients with other diseases were nonsmokers. In addition, 51.2% of lung cancer patients were "excessive" smokers while only 19.1% of other patients were excessive smokers. Both of these comparisons proved to be statistically significant differences. The statisticians who analyzed the data concluded:
when the nonsmokers and the total of the high smoking classes of patients with lung cancer are compared with patients who have other diseases, we can reject the null hypothesis that smoking has no effect on the induction of cancer of the lungs.
Wynder and Graham also suggested that there might be a lag of ten years or more between the period of smoking in an individual and the onset of clinical symptoms of cancer. This would present a major challenge to researchers since any study that investigated the relationship between smoking and lung cancer in a prospective fashion would have to last many years.
Richard Doll and Austin Hill published a similar comparative study in 1950 in which they showed that there was a statistically higher incidence of smoking among lung cancer patients compared to patients with other diseases (Doll & Hill, 1950). In their discussion, Doll and Hill raise an interesting point regarding comparative research methods by saying,
This is not necessarily to state that smoking causes carcinoma of the lung. The association would occur if carcinoma of the lung caused people to smoke or if both attributes were end-effects of a common cause.
They go on to assert that because the habit of smoking was seen to develop before the onset of lung cancer, the argument that lung cancer leads to smoking can be rejected. They therefore conclude, "that smoking is a factor, and an important factor, in the production of carcinoma of the lung."
Despite this substantial evidence, both the tobacco industry and unbiased scientists raised objections, claiming that the retrospective research on smoking was "limited, inconclusive, and controversial." The industry stated that the studies published did not demonstrate cause and effect, but rather a spurious association between two variables. Dr. Wilhelm Hueper of the National Cancer Institute, a scientist with a long history of research into occupational causes of cancers, argued that the emphasis on cigarettes as the only cause of lung cancer would compromise research support for other causes of lung cancer. Ronald Fisher, a renowned statistician, also was opposed to the conclusions of Doll and others, purportedly because they promoted a "puritanical" view of smoking.
The tobacco industry mounted an extensive campaign of misinformation, sponsoring and then citing research that showed that smoking did not cause "cardiac pain" as a distraction from the studies that were being published regarding cigarettes and lung cancer. The industry also highlighted studies that showed that individuals who quit smoking suffered from mild depression, and they pointed to the fact that even some doctors themselves smoked cigarettes as evidence that cigarettes were not harmful (Figure 5).
While the scientific research began to impact health officials and some legislators, the industry's ad campaign was effective. The US Federal Trade Commission banned tobacco companies from making health claims about their products in 1955. However, more significant regulation was averted. An editorial that appeared in the New York Times in 1963 summed up the national sentiment when it stated that the tobacco industry made a "valid point," and the public should refrain from making a decision regarding cigarettes until further reports were issued by the US Surgeon General.
In 1951, Doll and Hill enrolled 40,000 British physicians in a prospective comparative study to examine the association between smoking and the development of lung cancer. In contrast to the retrospective studies that followed patients with lung cancer back in time, the prospective study was designed to follow the group forward in time. In 1952, Drs. E. Cuyler Hammond and Daniel Horn enrolled 187,783 white males in the United States in a similar prospective study. And in 1959, the American Cancer Society (ACS) began the first of two large-scale prospective studies of the association between smoking and the development of lung cancer. The first ACS study, named Cancer Prevention Study I, enrolled more than 1 million individuals and tracked their health, smoking and other lifestyle habits, development of diseases, cause of death, and life expectancy for almost 13 years (Garfinkel, 1985).
All of the studies demonstrated that smokers are at a higher risk of developing and dying from lung cancer than nonsmokers. The ACS study further showed that smokers have elevated rates of other pulmonary diseases, coronary artery disease, stroke, and cardiovascular problems. The two ACS Cancer Prevention Studies would eventually show that 52% of deaths among smokers enrolled in the studies were attributed to cigarettes.
In the second half of the 20th century, evidence from other scientific research methods would contribute multiple lines of evidence to the conclusion that cigarette smoke is a major cause of lung cancer:
- Descriptive studies of the pathology of lungs of deceased smokers would demonstrate that smoking causes significant physiological damage to the lungs.
- Experiments that exposed mice, rats, and other laboratory animals to cigarette smoke showed that it caused cancer in these animals (see our Experimentation in Science module for more information).
- Physiological models would help demonstrate the mechanism by which cigarette smoke causes cancer.
As evidence linking cigarette smoke to lung cancer and other diseases accumulated, the public, the legal community, and regulators slowly responded. In 1957, the US Surgeon General first acknowledged an association between smoking and lung cancer when a report was issued stating, "It is clear that there is an increasing and consistent body of evidence that excessive cigarette smoking is one of the causative factors in lung cancer." In 1965, over objections by the tobacco industry and the American Medical Association, which had just accepted a $10 million grant from the tobacco companies, the US Congress passed the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act, which required that cigarette packs carry the warning: "Caution: Cigarette Smoking May Be Hazardous to Your Health." In 1967, the US Surgeon General issued a second report stating that cigarette smoking is the principal cause of lung cancer in the United States. While the tobacco companies found legal means to protect themselves for decades following this, in 1996, Brown and Williamson Tobacco Company was ordered to pay $750,000 in a tobacco liability lawsuit; it became the first liability award paid to an individual by a tobacco company.
_________ research looks at past events, while _________ research looks at events from the present into the future.
Comparison across disciplines
Comparative studies are used in a host of scientific disciplines, from anthropology to archaeology, comparative biology, epidemiology, psychology, and even forensic science. DNA fingerprinting, a technique used to incriminate or exonerate a suspect using biological evidence, is based on comparative science. In DNA fingerprinting, segments of DNA are isolated from a suspect and from biological evidence such as blood, semen, or other tissue left at a crime scene. Up to 20 different segments of DNA are compared between that of the suspect and the DNA found at the crime scene. If all of the segments match, the investigator can calculate the statistical probability that the DNA came from the suspect as opposed to someone else. Thus DNA matches are described in terms of a "1 in 1 million" or "1 in 1 billion" chance of error.
Comparative methods are also commonly used in studies involving humans due to the ethical limits of experimental treatment. For example, in 2007, Petter Kristensen and Tor Bjerkedal published a study in which they compared the IQ of over 250,000 male Norwegians in the military (Kristensen & Bjerkedal, 2007). The researchers found a significant relationship between birth order and IQ, where the average IQ of first-born male children was approximately three points higher than the average IQ of the second-born male in the same family. The researchers further showed that this relationship was correlated with social rather than biological factors, as second-born males who grew up in families in which the first-born child died had average IQs similar to other first-born children. One might imagine a scenario in which this type of study could be carried out experimentally, for example, purposefully removing first-born male children from certain families, but the ethics of such an experiment preclude it from ever being conducted.
Limitations of comparative methods
One of the primary limitations of comparative methods is the control of other variables that might influence a study. For example, as pointed out by Doll and Hill in 1950, the association between smoking and cancer deaths could have meant that: a) smoking caused lung cancer, b) lung cancer caused individuals to take up smoking, or c) a third unknown variable caused lung cancer AND caused individuals to smoke (Doll & Hill, 1950). As a result, comparative researchers often go to great lengths to choose two different study groups that are similar in almost all respects except for the treatment in question. In fact, many comparative studies in humans are carried out on identical twins for this exact reason. For example, in the field of tobacco research, dozens of comparative twin studies have been used to examine everything from the health effects of cigarette smoke to the genetic basis of addiction.
What is the benefit of comparing identical twins in research studies?
Comparison in modern practice
Despite the lessons learned during the debate that ensued over the possible effects of cigarette smoke, misconceptions still surround comparative science. For example, in the late 1950s, Charles Keeling, an oceanographer at the Scripps Institute of Oceanography, began to publish data he had gathered from a long-term descriptive study of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels at the Mauna Loa observatory in Hawaii (Keeling, 1958). Keeling observed that atmospheric CO2 levels were increasing at a rapid rate (Figure 6). He and other researchers began to suspect that rising CO2 levels were associated with increasing global mean temperatures, and several comparative studies have since correlated rising CO2 levels with rising global temperature (Keeling, 1970). Together with research from modeling studies (see our Modeling in Scientific Research module), this research has provided evidence for an association between global climate change and the burning of fossil fuels (which emits CO2).
Yet in a move reminiscent of the fight launched by the tobacco companies, the oil and fossil fuel industry launched a major public relations campaign against climate change research. As late as 1989, scientists funded by the oil industry were producing reports that called the research on climate change "noisy junk science" (Roberts, 1989). As with the tobacco issue, challenges to early comparative studies tried to paint the method as less reliable than experimental methods. But the challenges actually strengthened the science by prompting more researchers to launch investigations, thus providing multiple lines of evidence supporting an association between atmospheric CO2 concentrations and climate change. As a result, the culmination of multiple lines of scientific evidence prompted the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change organized by the United Nations to issue a report stating that "Warming of the climate system is unequivocal," and "Carbon dioxide is the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas (IPCC, 2007)."
Comparative studies are a critical part of the spectrum of research methods currently used in science. They allow scientists to apply a treatment-control design in settings that preclude experimentation, and they can provide invaluable information about the relationships between variables. The intense scrutiny that comparison has undergone in the public arena due to cases involving cigarettes and climate change has actually strengthened the method by clarifying its role in science and emphasizing the reliability of data obtained from these studies.
Comparing and contrasting is a critical research tool for making sense of the world. Through scenarios in which scientists would likely choose to do comparative research, this module explores the differences and similarities between comparison and experimentation. Studies of the link between cigarette smoking and health illustrate how comparison along with other research methods provided solid evidence that cigarette smoke is a major cause of lung cancer.
Comparison is used to determine and quantify relationships between two or more variables by observing different groups that either by choice or circumstance are exposed to different treatments.
Comparison includes both retrospective studies that look at events that have already occurred, and prospective studies, that examine variables from the present forward.
Comparative research is similar to experimentation in that it involves comparing a treatment group to a control, but it differs in that the treatment is observed rather than being consciously imposed due to ethical concerns, or because it is not possible, such as in a retrospective study.
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Welcome to MitoCardia
MitoCardia is a Network of 7 world renowned fundamental and clinical research teams working within a trans-atlantic partnership to identify new approaches for treating a global health problem.
Supported by the Fondation Leducq, these teams are working together to better understand dysregulation in the energy producing centre (mitochondria) of the cell itself. Opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP), a large conductance channel in the inner mitochondrial membrane, can initiate cell death. Sustained opening of the PTP triggers cell death; perpetuating cardiovascular disease and increasing the possibility of heart failure. We are identifying ways to correct this dysregulation, identify ways to close the pores and reverse the progression of cardiovascular disease.
‘Our multidisciplinary and highly collaborative approach will generate a more comprehensive understanding of mitochondrial function and dysfunction relevant to the treatment of cardiovascular disease. We have assembled the leading international experts in this field within one project to design targeted cardioprotective interventions’
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Sophie van den Elzen MA
Area(s) of interest: Early Modern History, European History, Gender, Memory Studies
Cohort/Start PhD: 2016-2017
“La femme esclave:” Afterlives of Slavery and Abolitionism in Women’s Rights Movements in France, Germany and the Netherlands, 1832-1914
Promotor(es): Prof. dr. Ann Rigney, Prof. dr. Berteke Waaldijk
Aanstelling: vanaf september 2016
The project examines the ways in which women’s rights discourses in Europe in the second half of the nineteenth century and at the beginning of the twentieth were informed by the cultural memory of the antislavery struggle. Over the course of the long nineteenth century, the model of slavery and abolition was routinely invoked to express injustices suffered by women and mobilize for change, starting in 1832 when Saint-Simonian women in Paris invoked the language of abolitionism to legitimate their campaign for women’s rights, inciting public indignation.
From the “slavery” of married women to the “white slavery” of prostitution, this project seeks to answer the question: How did the cultural memory of the abolitionist movement in the Anglo-American world, carried into Europe by narratives in text and images, inform and help shape the discourse of women’s rights movements in Germany, France and the Netherlands? At the empirical level, the project will provide a new understanding of the international entanglements of social movements over a longer period; theoretically, it will add to our understanding of the transnational dynamics of cultural memory and reception processes by examining the unexpected ‘afterlives’ of the particularly evocative cultural narrative of antislavery as it changes over time and moves across space; methodologically, it seeks to mobilize methods of literary research to better understand discourses of social activism, developing a model for mapping reception through processes of dissemination, translation, and appropriation across borders.
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Background and objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive disease of the central nervous system that generally occurs in adults under the age of 40 years and ultimately leads to severe neurological disability. Following the progression of MS by monitoring changes in disability levels can facilitate treatment decisions taken by physicians. The aim of this review is to present longitudinal disability curves enabling the assessment of disease progression in patients with relapsing-remitting (RR)MS. Methods: Patients with a definite diagnosis of MS and an RR disease course were identified using the Multiple Sclerosis Center computerised database. Patients were stratified into major percentile groups based on their Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score 1 year after disease onset. Model disability curves for each percentile were constructed using mean consecutive EDSS scores for 10 years after disease onset. Model curves were generated by smoothing (parametric and non-parametric regression) and curve approximation (linear regression and moving averages). The predictive ability of model curves was validated by superimposing data from a separate group of patients with RRMS. Results: Disability curves were constructed using data from 1001 patients. A significant difference between the initial percentile assignment and disability progression was indicated by the log-rank test (p < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier and life table analyses demonstrated the validity of the model in predicting disease progression. The probability of experiencing more severe disability than predicted (i. e. deviating from the initial percentile to a higher percentile over time) ranged from 6.5% (50 th percentile) to 15.4% (75th percentile), while the probability of experiencing less severe disability than predicted (i. e. deviating from the initially assigned percentile to a lower percentile over time) ranged from 6.9% (50th percentile) to 1.6% (75th percentile). Both suggest reasonable predictive validity. Conclusion: In MS, longitudinal disability curves can help to assess individual patient disability, map the effects of immunomodulatory treatments over time, and generally build on the overall clinical impression of disease progression. Such models can act as a tool to aid and support the clinical decision-making process. This review is based on the study published in Multiple Sclerosis (2003) 9:486-491.
- Expanded Disability Status Scale
- Multiple sclerosis
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As a result of he was not thinking about listening to the reasons we determined to go together with one other firm, the proprietor lost a valuable opportunity to improve the best way that his enterprise operates. If he was listening, he would have learned that our primary concern was with communications, not efficiency. We certainly perceive that plans and schedules at occasions go awry. With timely and efficient communications, he would have easily stored our business. So, for the proprietor of the first company on this instance, and for other business managers who might have skilled related conditions, listed here are a number of classes that may be taken from our story:
The couple couldn’t imagine his poor judgment in relocating just a few yards away figuring out that certainly this masterpiece would be washed away again. The man received up and walked over to the teen to praise his work as well as to impart wisdom to him. As I listened with curiosity I heard him praise the teen for his creative excellence. He acknowledged to him that if he started out at the next level on the seashore he could construct a sand fortress and he and others could take pleasure in his work for an extended period of time. With out taking the time to lookup the youngster replied to the man that he “didn’t understand what motivated him”? He acknowledged “I do not acquire satisfaction from taking a look at my finished work; but as a substitute I acquire essentially the most satisfaction from the artwork of “constructing” the sand castles.
Do not overlook the worker’s perspective.
A pupil who could have successfully passed from a great MBA institute will certainly have the ability to make a glorious career in the discipline of enterprise and administration without any doubt. The general concept of any MBA institute is to show each and every pupil with obligatory management expertise, techniques and other vital business modules in an effort to deal with on a regular basis enterprise chores sooner or later with utmost perfection and professionalism.
2. Instance of my working “in” my enterprise as a substitute of “on” my enterprise: My front desk employee assigned to do all the left over submitting, answering the cellphone, and keeping the workplace open and running on Wednesday once I was not there, decided on her personal to shut up the workplace, put the telephones on the answering service, and have a free break day to do her personal issues for herself. The other workers knew it and by no means told me. I made the discovery once I met up together with her one Wednesday transferring by way of the shops within the mall. Did I fireplace her? That’s my subsequent part of discussion under.
What Does It Take To Be a Peak Performer?
• The first ingredient is maintaining an openness to new information and experiences. Many of us think that since we’ve been to varsity or college, collected years of experience at work, or have “been there, carried out that”, we already know every part. However we do not; we solely know a small part of it, so protecting an open thoughts is paramount.
A small change in phrases can significantly alter the meaning of a message you give yourself and your unconscious thoughts. Instead of using words like wishing and hoping, choose language that expresses your commitment. For example, I might say, “I hope I get a promotion at work”. Instead, I might say one thing more empowering, which expresses commitment, akin to; “I’ll perform my work past expectations to create new profession opportunities.” It’s about choosing words to specific conviction, pro-exercise and courage. When you do, it changes the vitality with which you strategy a goal and gives a higher opportunity to achieve it. Utilizing this kind of language signifies commitment fairly than relying upon hoping and wishing one thing will turn up.
They mainly have the job of serving to the corporate for which they work to achieve its objectives and obtain success. This is especially true of worldwide corporations with multiple brands of merchandise and income streams. The Leadership Zone is not related to job grade or duty. I have worked with senior executives who seldom enter the zone.
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The following properties in Abbeville County have been listed in the National Register as historic sites or districts. From each site is a link to the original nomination in Adobe PDF format.
Note: most National Register properties are privately owned and are not open to the public. The privacy of owners should be respected. Not all properties retain the same integrity as when originally documented and listed in the National Register due to changes and modifications over time.
- Armistead Burt House
- Abbeville County Courthouse
- Abbeville Historic District
- Abbeville Opera House
- Cedar Springs Historic District
- Donalds Grange No. 497
- Erskine College-Due West Historic District
- Harbison College Presidents Home
- Lindsay Cemetery
- Patrick Calhoun Family Cemetery
- Trinity Episcopal Church and Cemetery
- Upper Long Cane Cemetery
- Young Place
South Carolina National Register Properties - Search by County || South Carolina Department of Archives and History
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Whether it’s organising
a conference to discuss the future of particle physics, or serving on the
advisory committees in Europe, US, Japan, and China on building next-generation
particle accelerators, or fixing the gender imbalance in Indian science as an
elected fellow at the three Indian academies of science, Prof Rohini Godbole
has a lot on her plate.
This is all the more impressive, considering that she encountered the world of science as late as high school. Godbole had a vantage viewpoint on the most exciting field of physics of the last 40 years—the standard model of particle physics. The standard model is a theory describing three of the four fundamental forces, and all known elementary particles in the universe.
Her work on her PhD coincided with the “November revolution” that took place in 1974. She was also present at CERN on July 4, 2012, when the discovery of the Higgs boson was announced—the final puzzle in the standard model. Godbole has contributed significantly in designing a new class of experiments, and also in designs for next-generation particle colliders.
Godbole has also served several committees to improve the participation of women in science. She also co-edited Lilavati's Daughters, a highly acclaimed collection of biographical essays on women scientists of India, which was released in 2008. Currently, Godbole is a professor at the Centre for High Energy Physics at the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore. Edited excerpts from an interview:
So how did you decide to become a scientist?
I went to an all-girls school in Pune, His Highness Chintamanrao Patwardhan (HSCP) High School, perhaps the first high school for girls ever started in India. As a result, we were taught Home Science, and not science till the seventh grade.
Those days there used to be a state scholarship examination. The scholarship would be one rupee less than the school fees. From my school nobody had got it. And the reason was very simple. There was one whole paper on general science.
When I was appearing for the exam I went to my teacher and I said I have to learn science. Her husband used to teach science in another school. She said why don't you come home and he will teach you. That was the beginning of science in my life. I became the first girl from my school to get the scholarship.
When I was passed my 11th standard, I was in the top ten in the state. And usually you are interviewed by the media. And they asked me what are you going to do. Others with me said they wanted to become doctors or engineers. I have no idea why I said this, but I said I'm going to be a scientist. Or I'm going to be a Sanskrit scholar.
I was not eligible for most scholarships because my father's income was above a certain limit. Not that we were very rich. But one day, my sister came over with the National Science Talent Examination scholarship, which had no income barriers. I applied for it, appeared and got it. And that was really the turning point.
I don’t think I really had a concept of what being a scientist means. The science talent programs gave young people a feeling for it, and through it, I attended three summer schools — Delhi, Bangalore, and Visakhapatnam.
By the third year of BSc, I was giving equal importance to mathematics and physics. And then I said “No, no, physics is better from a job perspective”. Which was completely stupid (laughs).
Can you describe the field of particle physics when you entered it in the early 70s?
I did my Masters at IIT Bombay, and had a teacher who inspired me to do theoretical physics. At that time, it meant either nuclear or particle physics for me.
In those days, I wanted to go and attack areas with the most pressing and interesting challenges. And particle physics was it. The 70s were, in my mind, the most exciting time to do particle physics.
Just to give you an idea, I started my graduate work at the state university of New York at Stony Brook in August 1974. In November 1974, there was this accidental discovery of a new particle, what is known as the bound state of charm and anticharm Quark. This was called the November revolution. So that just tells you that something stupendous happened at the time as far as particle physics was concerned.
I couldn't have started my life at a better point than that. This was from 1974. The world of particle physics had devoted its total energy in establishing the standard model, figuring out the tests that you can perform to see if there is any physics beyond standard model, and to find the Higgs boson. And luckily this is what I did all my life.
The stage was the beginning of establishing the so-called standard model of particle physics. I couldn't have started my life at a better point than that. This was from 1974. The world of particle physics had devoted its total energy in establishing the standard model, figuring out the tests that you can perform to see if there is any physics beyond standard model, and to find the Higgs boson. And luckily this is what I did all my life.
What were your initial years of research into the standard model like?
It was quite interesting. My first foray was into whether one can find the Higgs boson in neutrino reactions. Because nothing was known about the Higgs boson at that point, apart from its interactions. It's mass was a complete unknown. The world of particle physics was developing with experimentalists studying collisions of neutrino with matter. That is high energy neutrinos incident on targets or collisions of high energy protons with each other etc. And then you study what happens.
You did theoretical physics, yet you also did a lot of work in providing feedback to experiments. Can you explain how that works?
You can see that by and large my whole working life has been defined by testing the correctness of standard model, and looking for physics beyond it.
There is a very precise theoretical framework. And you need to work out the consequences of this theoretical framework in a particular experimental set up and tell the experimentalist what they should see if the theory is correct. And if they see something else come back and try to see what aspects of theheory need to be modified .
As a phenomenologist, I had to understand what the theory says very well and also to understand what their experiments are trying to tell you anyway. I have worked on all three different interaction theories—namely strong, electromagnetic and weak.
Around 1984, how to look for the top quark was a very hot topic. This was also the first time at the [CERN] collider, a new particle was produced and that was the W boson and Z boson. It was a big thing. I was a postdoc at that time and we figured out how, what might be the best strategy to look for a top quark if it is heavy compared to let's say the bottom quark which had already been found at the time.
Because top quark, being heavy, was produced in a billion collisions very rarely.Maybe around ten times. So it's like saying that you have a big haystack and there is one needle. How can you find the needle? You need to figure out how to paint that needle some bright blue or bright red so that it can suddenly show itself up. So what we did is that we actually figured out the criterion by which you would be able to see the needle above the rest of the hay. So this is something as a theorist I point out and the experimentalist uses.
Can you explain the collaboration that
goes on between theorists and experimentalists before building a collider?
I grew up in a period
where this interaction between experimentalists and theorists really increased,
I would say exponentially.
Before the machine is actually built theorists and experimentalists get together and the theorists kind of work out things. What energies do you need to produce this particle so that you can study this property to a great accuracy. I was part of the bridge between pure theory and experiments.
What was your most exciting time working with these colliders?
Me and a young student, to our surprise, actually found that at these colliders, you could measure a completely new aspect of strong interactions which people had not thought about. That it could be measured at this ep (Electron-Proton) collider. And this actually became then one of the big areas of study at HERA, a particle accelerator in Hamburg. We pointed out that you could study aspects of the theory of strong interaction by making measurements of processes which were initiated by a cloud around the photon—a cloud comprising quarks, anti-quarks, and gluons.
And then we actually figured out that the same effect would be present in e+e- colliders collisions at the LEP collider in Geneva at CERN. These processes are actually very large in certain parts of the detector and then you can use them to learn about the theory of strong interactions. So that was something that I personally considered one of my best piece of work because we actually told the experimentalist about an entirely new type of experiment and measurements that they could make. This was 1990.
This is obviously something exciting. You tell them, please study these kinds of processes. They are going to give you very different information about the dynamics of strong interaction. It gives you one more laboratory to study strong interactions.
Since 1990 these were studied enthusiastically till 1998 or so. Then there was a lull. Now it has come almost come full circle at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). I was asked last May to give a talk on this old work of mine because now LHC has become one more laboratory where you can study these processes. I'm only sharing something that is really at the top of my excitement curve. We found out then that with the increase of rates of these interactions of the colliding photons at high energies, they can produce all kinds of things which you didn't imagine earlier or you neglected before.
People were thinking of making linear colliders, because beyond a certain energy, electrons going in a circle emit radiation. In linear colliders, you need to make your bunches very thick, so that you will get enough collisions. But we found that beneath these collisions, there is a photon-photon collision. And what we found is that this photon-photon collision happening along with every collision will actually mess up the environment of the electron-positron collider.
So it became very important that when you build this linear collider, you make sure that these photons are not emitted. And luckily you can do that by some clever beam design.
Again I'm extremely proud of this because this is an example how research into something which is very basic such as interactions of high energy photons, find application in an entirely different area—design of high energy accelerators.
You were there when the Higgs discovery was announced at CERN. Can you describe that day for me.
It was an event that gives me goose bumps even today. I really thank my stars that I was at CERN that day. CERN conducts some summer schools and that year I was asked to give lectures on the standard model. And this course was to begin on that day. Of course, our lecture course was shifted to some other place because they announced the discovery of the Higgs.
The days leading to the announcement, it was clear to everybody that things are happening and any day the announcement is going to come. In fact I remember some experimentalist friends of ours invited me and my collaborator to dinner. They were trying to understand the features of the results to make sure that it is indeed right. We knew clearly that something is happening and they were not allowed to tell us. But then they would still ask the question—if this should happen what will be your conclusion. If that happens what will be your judgment.
On the day of the announcement, there was a lecture in the big hall and all the summer school student treated this like a concert. They slept outside the hall in the night and entered the hall. There was very little place left. Everybody was there and luckily I got into the lecture hall with a friend and Fernando Quevedo, director of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP). It was a great feeling. I mean to me, along with a thousand other high energy physicists, it was the culmination of a 30-year-old quest.
I think that was the best day of my life.
So what after Higgs discovery? You have been working on some aspects of physics beyond the standard model?
By finding the Higgs where our theory predicted it, we particle theorists have proved the correctness of the standard model to an extremely high degree of accuracy. But now it also gives one a whole new way to probe for physics beyond standard model.
Some of us are trying to see how you can make precision measurement of the Higgs particle and the top particle, so that you can see the footprints of physics which is beyond standard model in deviations of these properties from the expectations in the standard model.
Maybe the Large Hadron Collider will not find a new particle, but you can look at it through indirect measurements. That's what I'm working on in a big way. How can you study properties of the Higgs boson and top quark, more and more accurately and hence look for physics beyond the standard model through this window?
We have now come to a stage where we don't know clearly what the experimentalists will find for the first time in 40 years.
Theorists have to take a back stage and the experimentalists have to find something..Then we can go figure out what those experimental results mean.
Is this an exciting time?
It’s exciting but it’s worrisome. The LHC still has 20 years to run. It has not found the obvious things beyond the standard model, such as evidence for new particles that we thought it would find. But that just means that perhaps our theoretical ideas are not correct or the energy scale is too high because there are no clear indications at these low energies about what the Large Hadron Collider achieves.
Because we have this wonderful theory (standard model). The theory is working beautifully and we don't know which way really to go ahead.
But there are issues which we don’t understand. For example we don’t understand what is dark matter. We don’t understand why neutrinos have non-zero mass. While standard model has all the ingredients to explain why the universe contains only matter and no antimatter—the so called matter-antimatter asymmetry—it cannot quantitatively reproduce the observed value. Even more than that. If I wanted to be very fancy, I would say we don’t understand why electrons have the mass they have, and quarks have the mass they have. What is the principle that separates these masses? We don’t have an understanding why the electron charge has the value that it has. Most importantly, we do not understand why the Higgs boson has a small mass, i.e., a mass comparable to that of the W and Z. We think that someday maybe a theory ought to explain that.
But there are issues which we don’t understand. For example we don’t understand what is dark matter. We don’t understand why neutrinos have non-zero mass. While standard model has all the ingredients to explain why the universe contains only matter and no antimatter—the so called matter-antimatter asymmetry—it cannot quantitatively reproduce the observed value.
One of the leading contenders, which addresses many of them and is sort of highly popular, is called supersymmetry. I worked on supersymmetry from 1992 onwards. It could give a very nice explanation for many of the issues mentioned above. I worked really quite a lot on supersymmetry. In fact I wrote a textbook.
Unfortunately, we haven’t so far found evidence for supersymmetry at the Large Hadron Collider. In May, we held a workshop here and asked where is SUSY (supersymmetry) hiding? And if it is not there, are there any other good candidates theoretically which would solve these problems that the standard model has.
You co-edited Lilavati’s Daughters: The Women Scientists of India in 2008. How did that come about?
There is a small history behind the book. In 1979, I came back to India and was working in theoretical physics. I knew of just one woman doing theoretical physics in India at that time. But I didn’t think much of it. In 2002, the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) decided to have its first international conference of women in physics and they called me to talk about my experience as a physicist in India. At that time, I was one of the two women fellows in physics of the Indian National Science Academy (INSA) and the only woman fellow in physics of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore.
I looked at things that had happened in my journey as a physicist, then probably for the first time I started asking this question: “Would it have happened if I were a man?” And I don’t think I could always come up with “Yes” as an answer. In certain cases, I cannot say it happened because of my gender but I cannot rule it out.
One of the recommendations that came out of the IUPAP conference was for academies to form committees to look into the issue of participation of women in science. In 2004, with INSA, we brought out a report on science career for women in India and the Indian Academy of Sciences formed a panel for women in science to encourage young women to continue on the path of science. Six or seven high profile women scientists from different areas would would go to colleges and talk about the science they do.
Another thing we did was to make a database of women in science. Then, we conducted a survey of women who had left science. The INSA report and another survey established that the real fall in numbers comes when women finish their PhD. So, we decided to find those women who did PhD in science but are not pursuing science.
The third idea was to let women tell their stories through a book about what brought them into science, what helped them stay, or what hindered them in continuing with science. This was the idea behind the book.
What did the survey with women who dropped out of science reveal?
This topic is very close to my heart. Many answers bore out the usual reasons we think why women are not as well represented in science. But, there was this question of the big and sudden fall after PhD. The most common statement was: Women choose to leave. But, when we asked this particular question to the women who have left, the answers were revealing. They didn’t choose to leave; they didn’t want to leave. They were not able to get a job which matched their abilities and sometimes, in an institute where their husbands were working. Also, there was no real effort from the institutions or the scientific community to help them get such jobs.
And, this is not a question of giving chance to a woman. It’s simply the fact that by training a person in science, institutions have invested in her and they are not getting any returns on that investment. This is wastage of resources.So, this small survey tells you that you need to change society. And the institutions, frankly, need to change their approach.
What was your biggest takeaway from stories from Lilavati’s Daughters?
One thing in the majority of the stories is that women would not have been where they are but for chance. In the earlier generation, I think, chance played a very big role. So, I realised that we should try to create an environment so that chance can be taken out of this equation.
Today, I have two dreams. One, we should be known as scientists who happen to be women rather than women scientists. Second, a woman does not need chance, or a superlative ability or desire to be a successful scientist.
Of course, it is true that most of the women who you would see doing science successfully are very driven. A man need not be as driven to make it to the same level with the same abilities.
Which were your favourite stories from Lilavati’s Daughters?
The most impressive story is about Anandibai Joshi who got married at the age of 9 to a man who was 20 years her senior. She lost a child at the age of 14. And this girl didn’t know how to read or write, not even Marathi.
Her husband taught her. He took a transfer and took her to Kolkata. There, he sent her to a missionary school. At the age of 18-19, she went to the US on a grant from the mission. She became a doctor and her thesis was a study on pregnancy related problems of Hindu women because she had lost her child.
Meanwhile, her husband started writing letters, out of suspicion or jealousy. In reaction to this, she started wearing her nine yard saree there. She caught tuberculosis. She came back to India, where people refused to treat her because she had crossed the seas. Within two years she was dead.
But her correspondence is amazing. How strong this young woman was! The thoughts of clear feminist nature in these letters is simply amazing. And, she died at 23. I wonder how many women who are capable are lost to humanity forever because society says that they should not be doing X or Y. Every Maharashtrian girl grows up knowing about her. Her story is something truly inspiring for all ages.
Another story that I liked very much was that of the mathematician Mangala Narlikar. She came from a distinguished mathematical family. Since her husband Jayant Narlikar had an exciting career as an astrophysicist in the UK, she stepped away from mathematics for a really long time. The story is about how she made her way back to mathematics and how she still enjoys going to the library and reading mathematics and keeping her interest alive. This touched me deeply. Many of us do science because we love it, because of the kick it gives you, because of the feeling of “Ah! I know how this works!”.
One of the most interesting stories was R.J. Hans Gill, a professor of mathematics in Chandigarh. When she was young, she used to dress as a boy to go to a class to study mathematics because girls’ schools in Punjab didn’t teach mathematics. For her, it was it was forbidden to study mathematics. That story struck me. Each story did this in its own way. I’m especially amazed at the stories of women who are older than me, for example, Rajeshwari Chatterjee, who was the first woman professor in engineering in IISc. I am simply amazed by GV Satyavati, the first woman Director General of the Indian Council of Medical Research. Her story impressed me very much.
How did people, especially women, react to these stories?
There are girls who write to them; I’m telling you this because they forward the emails to me. These girls said things like “I read your story and I got inspiration” and “Now I know that I will have troubles but I will try to sort them out”. This was the purpose of this book, to tell girls that you are not alone and that it’s possible to succeed in science. Another purpose was to let the other scientists realise what they have to change in order to make things easier for women. Following this reaction, we brought out The Girl’s Guide to a Life in Science. We have tried to explain the science to a much younger crowd, girls of 10-12 years of age.
Has the number of women in science improved now?
It has improved. We have understood where the problems are. The measures we have are not bad. For example, there are schemes of DST (Department of Science and Technology) for women to get back to science. They’re good, but why should you have to provide ways to come back if you can stop them going out?
The first director of the Indian Botanical Survey was a woman—Janaki Ammal. The early ICMR director was a woman—Dr G.V. Satyavati. The first director of the Meteorological Survey of India (IMD) was Anna Mani. I don’t know when this trend vanished.
How are women represented at higher levels, like HODs or institute directors?
It’s quite interesting actually. The first director of the Indian Botanical Survey was a woman—Janaki Ammal. The early ICMR director was a woman—Dr G.V. Satyavati. The first director of the Meteorological Survey of India (IMD) was Anna Mani. I don’t know when this trend vanished. What happened after this? ISI has its first woman director in 85 years of its history only now. IISc still hasn’t a deputy director or even a divisional chair who is a woman. Frankly, the need of the hour is actually to have an academic audit where each institute takes a good look at what the gender representation in the faculty is and what we need to improve and what tools to use for it.
Nobody is saying 50-50 is a good aim. Then, what are the targets? The targets will depend on the discipline. Next, the funding agencies should ask the institutions what they are doing to reach these goals. This is not happening.
What is the next big discussion relating
to women in science?
A very important issue about women in science which is coming to the fore is gender-based harassment. Sexual misconduct, clearly, is as unethical as plagiarism. But, I’m talking about not just sexual harassment but gender-based harassment. There is a big difference between the two. Sometimes, it doesn’t even have to be harassment, it can be just bias. I think that is something we need to tackle. A lot of bad things happen to women because of this invisible bias. We have to think how to correct for this invisible gender bias.
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Posted on July 16, 2022 at 10:07 AM by Genesis Gaule
UND Big Event volunteers at the library
Volunteering is you contributing some of your own time, effort, and talent to help people in our community. Volunteers support our community and add to them in their own unique way using a wide variety of skills, knowledge, and experience. So why volunteer? It sounds like I work hard using my talents with very little reward.
“You make a living by what you get. You make a life by what you give.” - Winston Churchill
The benefits and rewards of volunteering can last a lifetime, not only for those who you are helping, but for you as well. If you are on the fence about diving into a new volunteer experience or having doubts about whether volunteering is right for you, you may find yourself surprised at just how much you can gain from taking the plunge.
Here are some ways volunteering can affect you positively:
Friends of the Library Book Sale volunteers
Everyone loves new friends! Being a part of a team with a common goal will help form bonds with strangers that can be life changing. Volunteering creates an opportunity to connect with people with specific shared values and common interests.
Our teen volunteers have dedicated their time to the Summer Reading Program. Each week our volunteers are learning with our summer reading children and making new friends.
Teen volunteers at Summer Reading Program
Volunteering might take you to a new part of your community you never been to before. Learning about cultures and ways of life that are different from one of your upbringing will increase your social flexibility and expand your world view.
Our volunteer Therese comes to the library once a week to tutor Abdi and his brother. Abdi and his family moved to America less than a year ago and has shown patience and determination in learning to speak, read, and write English.
Throughout life, we develop social and professional skills that promote personal achievement. Using those skills for a wider, communal impact can be even more fulfilling. Volunteering will enrich your life and give you a broader purpose and a boost of motivation.
Volunteering offers you new skills that can be used throughout your career, as well. When you have volunteering experience to add to your resume, you stand out over job candidates who don’t take the time to give back to society. Volunteering highlights your character, passion, and determination!
Greater Grand Forks Young Professionals tackling spring cleaning
There are many local non-profit organizations that need volunteers. Volunteer opportunities ranging from health care and mental health, sports, childhood development, food pantries and libraries.
Need help finding the right volunteer opportunity for you?Here are a few places to start:
Volunteer at the Library! Volunteers are an integral part of the services we provide. We have a wide range of volunteer opportunities for most ages and skill levels! No previous experience is necessary. Contact Robyn at (218)773-9121 / email@example.com or fill out our Library Volunteer Interest Form to get started.
Tag(s): volunteering, Robyn Benda, non-profits, East Grand Foks, community, at the library, article
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Survivors and family members of the 168 people, including 19 children, who died in the bombing of the Oklahoma City federal building gathered Monday to commemorate the 15th anniversary of the attack.
Hundreds of people attended the ceremony at the Oklahoma City National Memorial to remember those killed in the April 19, 1995, explosion.
More than 600 others were injured in the attack at the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building.
MSNBC’s Rachel Maddow speaks with TODAY’s Matt Lauer about Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh and her TV special, which strings together McVeigh’s account of the massacre with audiotapes and animation.
In the special, MSNBC presents sections of more than 45 hours of McVeigh's audiotapes describing the planning, execution and motivation benind the attack.
Before the ceremony, bells tolled in Oklahoma City's downtown and some family members visited the site of the federal building razed in the attack, where chairs to honor the bombing victims now stand.
Oklahoma City Mayor Mick Cornett said the day of the bombing is recalled with reverence, "not because we can't forget but because we choose to remember.
"We have chosen strength, we have chosen optimism, we have chosen freedom, we have chosen to move forward together with a level of unity that is unmatched in any American city," Cornett said at the ceremony, held on a cool, overcast morning.
U.S. Department of Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano, Gov. Brad Henry and former Gov. Frank Keating were also scheduled to speak.
Attending the ceremony was Charlie Hangar, the Oklahoma Highway Patrol trooper who stopped bomber Timothy McVeigh on Interstate 35 the day of the bombing because his 1977 Mercury Marquis did not have a license plate. Hangar, now the Noble County sheriff, read the memorial's mission statement before the service.
People across Oklahoma City observed 168 seconds of silence to honor the dead.
McVeigh was convicted on federal murder charges and executed in 2001. McVeigh's Army buddy, Terry Nichols, was convicted on federal and state bombing-related charges and is serving multiple life sentences at a federal prison in Colorado.
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HOW CAN WE HELP?
StudyBox provides Maths, English and Science tuition for students doing Foundation or Higher at GCSE. Students come for 1 hour sessions per subject each week and work on building confidence and knowledge. Year 11 students focus on exam preparation & revision techniques for the end of year exam.
How lessons work
Students complete a GCSE checklist to help decide on topics that need urgent attention. Students then work with tutors on a 2 to 1 basis learning concepts & methods based on their school level. Each student works through past exam papers that are then marked by the tutor and feedback given. Students learn to become more confident with exam style questions.
StudyBox provides a free trial and assessment. You can request a Free Trial any day after school or Saturdays.
Please contact us and choose the closest GCSE tuition centre near you.
How important are GCSE grades?
In short, your GCSE grades will help shape your next few years after you sit them.
If you’re concerned that one or more of your results might hold you back, don’t panic – speak to us today and put a plan in place to get the grade you want.
GCSE reform what’s happening and when?
In September 2016, new GCSEs in English and maths were introduced. The first of these exams took place in summer 2017.
Exams and assessment
Most exams will be taken at the end of the two-year course rather than on completion of modules. There will be fewer ‘bite-sized’ questions and more essay-style questions.
The content will be more challenging, with more substantial texts in English literature and a number of new topics in maths.
Everyone will have to do at least two science GCSEs (no single science option after 2016).
Coursework and controlled assessment will disappear from most subjects, apart from practical ones such as art, dance and drama.
Grading will move to a 9-1 scale, with grade nine being roughly equivalent to a top A* grade and a grade four equivalent to a low to mid grade C.
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Recently, a group of baseball fans on a fervent Major League Baseball comment board, presumably anonymous with usernames such as “translamfnljujment78” and “61tatorhater”, or most likely in search of increased serotonin levels, summoned another effort to orchestrate derogatory groupthink. At least those who are aware of the ominous forces at work.
The process is a simple, yet powerful tool to practice the spread of propaganda and despicable shaming tactics, while ostracizing contrary opinions in kidnapping the opinions of sports junky end users in an anti-democratic rehearsal with serious connotations on the future of free speech. In the case of the baseball aficionados, the string of conversation involved the debating the merit and effectiveness of sabermetrics and other statistical analysis methods of “modernizing” the game. Disappointingly, the dialogue regressed to a pissing contest of shouting down those skeptical of active modeling with all the subtlety of a brainwashed cadre employing snark and character assassination to fabricate a status quo, while isolating the opposition.
While message boards exist as some of the most ancient facets of the digital community construct, amidst the dominating presence of social media platforms, the technology is still valuable and resonates with millennials and up. The phrase, “I came for the comments,” is still virulently applicable, and the adversaries of the basic freedoms are well-aware that appealing to digital egos is an effective loophole to incite a vast group of individuals though carefully placed responses and barbs in preparing for a widespread campaign based in politics and not sports. As the crucial midterm elections loom, divisive content will be distributed across multiple channels, and with actors in place, the maelstrom spanning the electronic spectrum should be an epic display of the extensions of individuals through remote means sparring savagely.
The grooming process and reeducating sports fans includes all the flair of a middle-aged man selling candy out of his bubble window desert motif van parked across the street from an elementary school. Account holders representing a collection of the sports sites are immersed and emotionally invested in the apparent series of posts through the capture of the visceral and imagination. The impressionable combination breeds loyalty and credence to the digital discussion, and what point the frontal cortex is transformed to a pliable material for the radical societal engineers to mold. Users are drawn to the controversy and drama surrounding a baseball game thread, or a lively postgame rant. Within an ecosystem where accountability is not present and even shunned by the more pathological of the “regulars” populating the message boards like guileless trolls and self-proclaimed intellectuals. This insufferable reality allows those attempting to forward a deplorable agenda the golden opportunity to recruit allies, while destroying adversaries. The fact that many of the individuals intoxicated by weighing the dynamics of whether or not a batter should swing away or bunt against the shift online holds as much credence in as an in person discussion, illustrates deftly, the risks presented by the gig economy and instant validation towards the degradation of free speech.
One of the main glaring issues in the digital dream world of interaction, is the prevalence of naivety in a total failure to recognize the distinction between the subjective and the objective and differentiating opinion from fact. Unfortunately, outlandish claims shared through groupthink take precedence over reason, and any statement that does not appease the core beliefs of the community is stigmatized and ultimately neutralized through peer pressure. The disturbing phenomenon creates a fervid training ground in perfecting dissension, and the apt gateway drug to overtaking e-discussions on more serious topics such as politics. When online reputation is valued more than the truth, two plus two can equal negative fun or whatever the hierarchy dictates to be reality, and society is on the losing end of a arduous mental battle.
The formula for discontent is eloquent and effective, as end users are encouraged to adopt a pack mentality in going on the full attack towards an individual with a dissenting opinion. Similar to the ugly strategies applied by countercultural rioters in clouding political issues and disagreements by instigating public duress, provoking anger or worse is at the vortex of creating a disturbance within an online platform that is otherwise reserved for sports or entertainment.
With the younger generations enamored with retro technologies and the obstinate middle age groups unwilling to capitulate, the relic of message board source code is still alive and well in an environment bordering dizzying technological advances. While digital sports discussions are seemingly benign, the questionable motives of reactionaries behind the scenes are poorly disguised within an avenue calibrated to intrigue, incite and indoctrinate.
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WASHINGTON (AP) — Singers John Legend and Nick Jonas channeled their inner Motown before cheering teenagers at the White House on Thursday as Barack and Michelle Obama celebrated the sounds that were a powerful part of the soundtrack of their youth.
“Times have changed but the amazing thing is that that music is still relevant,” Legend said after he sat down at a piano in the State Dining Room and delivered a room-filling rendition of Stevie Wonder’s “Love’s in Need of Love.” He said his first exposure to Motown came from hearing his father and uncle sing around the piano, and that those songs were a huge influence on his own music.
“You can still put that music on now and get the party going,” he said.
Legend and Jonas performed at an afternoon workshop for teens from around the country that served as a warm-up of sorts for an evening concert in the East Room paying tribute to music that delivered not just a great beat but an important message.
Michelle Obama got the tutorial going by telling the young people that the color-barrier-shattering music of her youth “was so much more than just a soundtrack. It was a heartbeat.”
“As Motown rose, so did the forces of change in this country,” she said. “During that time, it was the time of King and Kennedy, it was a time of marches and rallies and groundbreaking civil rights laws.”
The first lady introduced Motown luminary Smokey Robinson, 71, and label founder Berry Gordy as “true trailblazers,” adding:
“There wouldn’t be an Usher if there wasn’t a Smokey Robinson. You know, there wouldn’t be an Alicia Keys without a Gladys Knight.”
And she confessed to a soft spot for one Motown artist in particular: “Who’s my favorite?” she asked aloud. “Stevie Wonder, yes indeed.”
Gordy and Robinson traded stories about the founding days of the record label, with Gordy confessing he started the company to make some money, create some music and meet some girls — “not necessarily in that order.”
Robinson told about growing up in Detroit with neighborhood friends who included Aretha Franklin, Diana Ross and others who would become Motown mainstays.
The key to their success, he said: “We had Berry Gordy. We had a man who had a dream.”
At the end of the workshop, Jonas popped in for a “trial run” of his evening performance of the Four Tops’ hit “I Can’t Help Myself,” which had the school kids clapping along to the lyrics, “sugar pie, honey bunch.”
The evening concert promised an impressive lineup of stars, including Legend, Jonas, Robinson, Jamie Foxx, Seal, Sheryl Crow, Natasha Bedingfield and more.
Fans who didn’t make the guest list can see it Tuesday on PBS’ “The Motown Sound: In Performance at the White House.”
Copyright 2011 The Associated Press.
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Sock Types & Lengths: Best Guide for 2020
Table of Contents
We all wear socks, but no one person wears them for the exact same reasons. With all the varieties that come with life, types of socks are designed in response. Whether it’s to keep your feet warm, to improve your athletic performance, provide the finishing touch for your outfit, or any of the host of reasons you wear socks, they come in so many options because of our varied lifestyles.
Sock choices are endless when it comes to styles, lengths, colors, and materials to try out. Once you familiarize yourself with all the different types of socks, you’ll be able to pick your pairs with purpose.
The 8 Major Sock Lengths
No Show Socks
No show socks are the perfect example of a meaning contained within a name: they’re designed to be invisible. When worn with most shoes, you can’t see no shows, making your footwear and the rest of your outfit the main focus. No shows pair well with low-top shoes like sneakers, slip-ons, flats and certain short boots. These socks are ideal for everyday use in the summer or other warmer months, as they let your legs and ankles breathe.
No show socks can also be worn to the gym, for the same benefit of coolness. They work with any casual outfit, and are especially popular for women who wear flats to the office. No shows are a good idea to pair with boat shoes and loafers, over no socks at all, since sweat can damage shoes.
Ankle socks are sometimes confused with no shows, since both are short in length. Ankle socks stand a couple of inches above your ankle, which makes them visible over most shoes. This style is a popular choice for athletic socks, as it offers breathability. This is one of the types of socks that can also be worn more casually with sneakers, shorter boots, and some high heels.
Micro-crew socks are longer than an ankle sock but shorter than regular crew socks. They end above the ankle and below the mid-calf. They pair well with mid or high top shoes and help to prevent chafing from occurring around your ankles. Micro-crew socks are most commonly worn during hiking. They protect your ankles from sharp objects like rocks and plants and those pesky mosquito bites.
Crew socks are cut between ankle and mid-calf length, typically ending under the calf muscle. This cut is most often used in casual socks, though athletic socks and dress socks also come in this length. Crew socks are the most common length and pair well with any boot or shoe.
Quarter Length Socks
Sitting just between an ankle sock and a crew sock, quarter socks add additional coverage to your lower leg. They generally sit atop the middle of your ankle bone, meaning its slightly visible above the heel collar of your shoe. They have the right length so that when you sit down, your pants don’t ride up past them to reveal bare skin.
Compared to crew length socks, mid-calf or trouser socks sit perfectly in the curve of your calf so they won’t fall down your leg during the day. Many dress socks come in mid-calf length. Since they sit tightly around your upper calf, it makes for clean and smooth lines from the knee down to the foot.
Knee High Socks
Knee high socks, or over the calf, reach just where you’d expect, a few inches below the knee. They’re typically worn by women who pair knee high socks with skirts, shorts, dresses, heels and boots. For men, they’re great to wear under any bottoms for an extra layer of warmth and comfort. Knee length socks generally feature stay-up technology to prevent them from rolling down.
Thigh High Socks
Also known as over-the-knee socks or O.T.K., this length is paired with skirts, shorts, dresses or longer tops. This is one of the longer types of socks that are a suitable alternative to wear during the colder months, since they cover much of the leg. Expect the elastic around the cuff to be tight since it’s working to hold up more material.
|Sock Length||Average Height|
Casual socks are designed to be worn on a regular day. Socks are all the rage now and you can get pretty much anything you want on them, even your pet. Do a quick search online and a sea of colours, patterns, styles and lengths will be at your disposal with casual socks. Since there is a wide selection for casual socks, they come in just about any length. Standard cuts for casual socks are ankle, crew, calf length, knee high, and over the knee.
Dress socks, as the name implies, are designed for wearing with dress shoes and formal attire. You can also wear them in more laid back settings, where dress socks can elevate your casual outfit. You can go for subtle sophistication with neutral dress socks, or you can choose colors and patterns to add flair to a basic business casual look.
The ideal length for dress socks has fluctuated throughout the years, dating all the way back to when exposed skin was seen to be scandalous. A good dress sock usually comes in mid-calf length, while knee high is offered if you want more coverage or comfortability. You should never wear a dress sock that is below the calf. The shorter you go, the more you put yourself at risk for bare skin to show.
Athletes require socks that will support them at their peak performance. Foot problems that commonly affect athletes, like joint irritation and athlete’s foot, could be caused by wearing the wrong types of socks. Athletic socks act as a cushion for the feet to prevent irritation and work to repel extra force the body creates when it’s jumping, running and bouncing around.
These socks are designed with moisture-wicking capabilities, so that moisture can be trapped and transferred, leaving the feet dry. Athletic socks come in a variety of lengths, based on activity requirements. Let’s take a look at which socks go best with certain forms of exercise:
- Running: A good pair of high moisture-wicking socks will defend against athlete’s foot
- Cycling: You won’t need extra padding when cycling, so opt for a thin pair of socks to prevent chafing
- Hiking: For shorter hikes, focus on wicking capabilities; for those who like to hike further, socks with padding to keep your feet warm, such as micro-crew
- Lifting: To protect your legs from weights, it’s recommended to wear higher socks like mid-calf or knee highs
Compression socks are in a special category, distinct from the types of socks we’ve looked at so far. Compression socks are built to addresses issues with circulation. They place targeted pressure to help push blood and fluid out of your legs, enhancing circulation by creating a pressure gradient. They fit tightly around your ankle, gradually decreasing in pressure toward the top.
Compression socks are recommended for people who spend prolonged periods of time sitting or standing, which causes blood to pool in the legs. They also assist in post-exercise recovery and in treating mild to severe venous issues. Compression socks are commonly available in knee high and thigh high lengths. Refer to our full guide on compression socks for details.
Most Common Sock Faux Pas
Now that we’ve gone through types of socks and the lengths they come in, let’s get to the style part. It can be difficult to keep track of shifting fashion standards. Trends come and go, but you know what stays? Socks. Thankfully, sock faux pas are pretty set in stone, so this will be easy to remember.
- Socks with sandals: You’ve probably seen this one a lot. Maybe out on grocery runs, on campus or maybe you’re the one sporting this deplorable duo. Sandals are meant to be worn with bare feet and without any types of socks.
- Rolling or folding: For the people out there who roll and fold their socks down while wearing them, please stop. The best solution to this problem is to just keep them pulled up. It’s the way they were intended to be worn, so keep them that way.
- Socks with shorts: Keep your shorts short and your socks even shorter when pairing the two together. A large and visible sock line is not a good look, so choose no show socks or ankle socks if you need to.
- Wearing *any* types of socks with dress shoes: Dress socks and dress shoes belong together. End of story.
Treat your socks like the accessory that they are. Just like you would with a nice belt or jewelry, use them to complete your outfit. Now that you know all the types of socks, choose the right pairs to make the most of your day.
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Let’s discuss the question: how to bypass a map sensor. We summarize all relevant answers in section Q&A of website Myyachtguardian.com in category: Blog MMO. See more related questions in the comments below.
Can you run a car without MAP sensor?
It is not advisable to drive your vehicle with the MAP (manifold absolute pressure) sensor disconnected. The MAP sensor’s job is to determine the load being placed on the engine and deliver fuel to the engine accordingly.
What happens if you unplug the MAP sensor?
Disconnecting your MAP (manifold absolute pressure) sensor from the vehicle can result in a serious injury. Unattended MAP sensors result in excessive fuel delivery to the engine and can interfere with catalytic converters (catalytic oxidizers) in the engine.
How to fix map sensor
Images related to the topicHow to fix map sensor
Can you run truck with MAP sensor unplugged?
Runs fine other than that. I unplugged the MAP sensor and the throttle response is so much better. I assumed the MAP sensor was going bad so I did a quick swap from my truck to hers and no difference. No Matter which sensor is installed it only loses its sluggishness while unplugged.
How do you reset a MAP sensor?
Check the MAF sensor and clean it out with dry air. Then put it on and disconnect the battery for 12 minutes and hook it up. This will clear the computer to want to relearn itself. Then drive the vehicle and see what happens.
Why would a car run better with the mass air flow sensor unplugged?
If the car is running better with the MAF sensor unplugged, it means that the sensor is sending inaccurate readings and needs to be either cleaned or replaced.
Why does my truck run better with the MAP sensor unplugged?
According to the Service Manual, if the MAP sensor fails completely: “the ECM will substitute a fixed MAP value and use the throttle position sensor (TPS) to control fuel delivery“. This mimicks what you’re doing when you unplug the sensor and is probably why it seems to work better that way.
Which is better MAF or MAP sensor?
To sum up, neither is better than the other exactly and when it comes to MAP versus MAF, they’ve just got different strengths. That’s why some engines use them in tandem to get the most and best information to drive performance as smoothly and efficiently as possible.
Will a faulty MAP sensor throw a code?
First, you can check for codes, but like we just said, many times a failing MAP sensor won’t throw a code until it has died altogether.
What are the symptoms of a faulty MAP sensor?
- Check Engine Light. The engine control unit constantly monitors all the sensors in your car engine while you drive the car. …
- Lean Air-fuel Mixture. …
- Rich Air-fuel Mixture. …
- Stalling or Rough Idle. …
- Misfires. …
- Increased Emission Level. …
- Bad Engine Performance. …
Will a truck start without a MAP sensor?
Will A Car Start Without A Map Sensor? If your vehicle doesn’t start, the engine is monitoring atmospheric pressure using a map sensor, according to computer software. If the engine doesn’t receive too much fuel from a reading, it could not start. Both conditions may prevent it from starting up.
Do you have to disconnect battery to change MAP sensor?
To remove the old sensor, first disconnect the negative battery cable. This will ensure that the car is not damaged when the sensor is removed, and will also reset the vehicle’s computer and trouble codes.
How to Bypass sensor ? 3 wire sensor bypass with potentiometer. Simulate safety by potentio. (Urdu)
Images related to the topicHow to Bypass sensor ? 3 wire sensor bypass with potentiometer. Simulate safety by potentio. (Urdu)
What connects to the MAP sensor?
Typically, there are three wires connected to the MAP sensor: reference voltage, return signal, and ground. The PCM sends the MAP sensor a 5-volt reference signal. The MAP sensor then varies the voltage according to manifold pressure and sends a return signal to the PCM.
How do you calibrate a MAP sensor?
- In the Top Left box of the MAP HRT table, double click it, and type 0.631, press enter.
- In the Top RIGHT box of the MAP HRT table, enter 40, press enter.
- In the second row, on the left, enter 4.914, press enter.
- In the second row, on the right, enter 304, press enter.
Should I reset ECU after changing MAP sensor?
If you replace a sensor then the ECU will quickly self-compensate again. Resetting the ECU will do this a bit quicker but you won’t notice and so you don’t need to do a reset. This is what people refer to as ECU “learning”.
Can you trick a mass air flow sensor?
If you want to trick a mass airflow sensor, you’ll need a unique tube. This tube has the same shape as the airflow sensor and is made of metal, not plastic. By placing it in front of an ignition source, it will heat up and give the same reading as the fuel-air mixture coming from your car’s tailpipe.
Can you unplug your mass airflow sensor?
If you unplug the mass air flow sensor the car will start. If you try to plug it in while it’s running the car will die.
Can I drive with mass airflow sensor unplugged?
This can be quite an expensive fine in the US. So, to summarize: driving with a mass airflow sensor unplugged will lower your fuel mileage, power and cause you to fail emissions testing. You may also damage your engine and possibly void your warranty.
Will my car run without the mass airflow sensor?
Why Does My Car Run Better Without The Maf Sensor? When sensors are unplugged, the ecu’s values are set, which results in the car running better without a MAF. In the absence of the MAF, lean can trash the head/pistons, so it runs rich.
How long does it take for mass air flow sensor to reset?
All sensors will be reset when the battery is disconnected for 15 – 30 minutes. If the MAF is faulty, the error can return about as soon as not even if the error has been identified at the moment.
Can I clean MAF sensor with wd40?
DO NOT USE WD-40. Use a cleaner that is meant for electrical parts. Brake cleaner is essentially the same stuff. I’ve also used something called ‘thottle body cleaner’ whose label indicated it was safe for cleaning MAF’s.
What is a knock sensor?
About Knock Sensor
A sensor that detects the knocking vibration of the engine with piezoelectric ceramics, used in spark advance control, will contribute to the improvement and fuel economy of the engine performance.
Simple MAP Sensor Testing – How To DIY
Images related to the topicSimple MAP Sensor Testing – How To DIY
Do cars have both MAF and MAP sensors?
Generally a car uses either MAP or MAF to determine the air flow index the engine is getting and that older cars used to have MAP and newer ones often use MAF and cars like the Mitsubishi EVO uses both of them.
Do MAP sensors need cleaning?
MAP sensors contain no moving parts, and they don’t typically wear out, but cleaning the MAP sensor may be required if it’s contaminated by carbon or other deposits from the engine. If voltage is slow to respond to pressure changes, contamination could be responsible.
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Florida's Texting-While-Driving Ban Starts Today, Will Probably Stop No One From Texting While Driving
If you're texting a link to this story on your iPhone while you sip coffee and weave through morning traffic on the Dolphin Expressway using your knees -- JUST STOP IT. Years of appealing to your common sense clearly hasn't helped, so perhaps you'll respond to the news that beginning today, texting while driving could cost you some cash?
Then again, probably not. For all the hooplah, Florida's new ban on texting on the road is some seriously weak medicine. Cops aren't allowed to pull drivers over for phone abuse, and if they're somehow caught anyway, the top fine is just $60.
It took Florida lawmakers five years to become the 41st state to recognize that people should not stare at tiny keyboards while hurtling down roads at 75 mph.
Yet the ban Tallahassee finally passed last session is hilariously soft. Instead of making texting while driving a primary offense, giving cops license to pull over drivers they spot wrangling with autocorrect on the freeway, they made the crime a secondary offense.
That means if police pull you over for speeding or running a stop sign and you're dumb enough to continue texting while they pull you over, they can tack on an additional charge.
Of course, that charge will net you just $30 on a first offense and $60 a pop afterward.
At least one legislator is already planning to toughen the law in Tallahassee this year. Sen. Maria Sachs, a Democrat from Delray Beach, will announce this afternoon her plans to push for stiffer penalties for texters on the road.
In the meantime, feel free to text at red lights and stop signs -- that's still permissible under Florida's new law.
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The Association for Specialist Fire Protection (ASFP) welcomes the publication of the new Building Safety Bill but remains concerned about the length of time it may take to pass through Parliament, the continued lack of funding and support for leaseholders and the delay to defining product safety criteria, with much of the detailed regulation expected to be contained within secondary legislation.
The ASFP welcomes the establishment of a new Building Safety Regulator, tasked with holding those who do not properly manage safety risks to account and with improving building standards. The new Regulator will have the power to issue compliance notices and stop notices during the design and construction phase, with failure to comply with such notices becoming a criminal offence, with a maximum penalty of up to two years in prison and an unlimited fine.
The Bill defines higher-risk buildings as those that are at least 18m in height or with at least seven storeys, but gives the Secretary of State the power to change this definition in light of research or on advice from the Building Safety Regulator. Since the use of height alone is a crude tool for determining the level of risk, the ASFP welcomes this ability to change the definition and hopes the scope will be broadened to include more buildings in due course.
The Bill also introduces a new Gateway regime to help ensure that building safety risks are considered at each stage of the construction process. These Gateways will be established at the planning stage, prior to construction and at building completion. It also requires a ‘golden thread’ of information to be maintained throughout the life of the building and for the appointment of an Accountable Person and a Building Safety Manager for each building within scope.
In a welcome move, the Bill requires landlords to take reasonable steps to ascertain whether any funding is available for the cost of cladding remediation and if so, they must make a claim and reduce service charges accordingly. It also seeks to extend the period within which legal action can be taken against a person or corporate body that carried out work from the current six years to 15 years.
While any assistance for leaseholders is welcome, the ASFP believes the support does not go far enough, particularly since the funding offered does not cover other identified fire safety failures, such as problems with fire doors and other compartmentation measures such as fire stopping.
The Bill also creates the concept of a ‘safety critical product’ and gives the Secretary of State the power to make regulations to place safety critical products on a statutory list. It introduces the concept of a national regulator for construction products within the Office for Product Safety and Standards.
However, the definition of what will constitute a safety critical product will be contained in secondary legislation, resulting in yet more delay. A further concern for the ASFP is the lack of regulation regarding installers of safety critical products/systems. While the Bill suggests a future requirement for a competence-based scheme, the ASFP is calling for mandatory third-party certification of installers of passive fire protection products.
Commenting on the Bill, ASFP Technical and Regulatory Affairs Officer Niall Rowan stated: ‘While the Bill introduces a range of welcome measures which should eventually lead to significant improvements in building safety, we have yet to see the detail and key definitions which will be introduced in the secondary legislation. We are concerned that scope of buildings to which the legislation will apply remains too narrow and at the lack of available funding to rectify fire safety system failings in existing buildings.
‘Furthermore, while we expect the products and systems manufactured and installed by ASFP members to be defined as “Safety Critical”, we have a number of concerns with regards to the application of the legislation to the installation, testing and market surveillance of these products.’
For further information on the ASFP and passive fire protection advice, visit www.asfp.org.uk
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Table of Contents
BioCyc Interface Demo
This notebook is a quick demo of a BioCyc Web API I’ve released for Python. While incomplete the API offers access to most basic attributes for metabolites, proteins, reactions, pathways and organisms in the database. The Python interface comes with an disk-based caching mechanism under
~/.biocyc that greatly reduces the delay (and load) for BioCyc servers.
The interface supports multiple + configurable caches, so it’s possible to share the cache across multiple machines.
biocyc module is hosted on PyPi and can be installed from the command line with:
pip install biocyc
Read on for more info.
biocyc object from the
biocyc module. This object provides the base access to the database for the initial get. You can set the organism using
set_organism and one of the standard BioCyc database identifiers. Note that this only affects the organism-database used for direct requests on the biocyc object. Sub-requests on existing objects will use the same database as that object (otherwise things would be very confusing indeed).
import os from biocyc import biocyc os.environ['http_proxy'] = '' # Set your proxy if neccessary biocyc.set_organism('meta')
Making a request¶
To get an database object (of any type) simply using the unique BioCyc identifiers for it. Here we request
L-Lactate. Note that if you do this from within an IP[y] Notebook you get a nice table output of all associated attributes for an object. This includes direct links to the BioCyc database and other database annotations.
|Reactions||TRANS-RXN-104, RXN-12165, RXN-12096, LACTALDDEHYDROG-RXN, RXN0-5269, D-LACTATE-2-SULFATASE-RXN, TRANS-RXN-104, L-LACTDEHYDROGFMN-RXN, LACTATE-MALATE-TRANSHYDROGENASE-RXN, LACTATE-2-MONOOXYGENASE-RXN, L-LACTATE-DEHYDROGENASE-CYTOCHROME-RXN, L-LACTATE-DEHYDROGENASE-RXN, RXN-9067, RXN-8076, PROPIONLACT-RXN, LACTATE-RACEMASE-RXN, LACTATE-ALDOLASE-RXN|
|Database links||CAS: 79-33-4, PUBCHEM: 5460161, LIGAND-CPD: C00186, CHEMSPIDER: 4573803, CHEBI: 16651, BIGG: 34179|
On-call analysis, machine learning and visualisation
Get useful information from your data, quickly and accurately
with on-call data science consultation and analysis.
Together we'll build evidence-based solutions to your technical and business challenges.
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Now we have an object we can perform sub-queries by accessing fields. If you access the
o.reactions field you will trigger a dynamic request for all entities in that list. Connections to the BioCyc server are throttled at 1/second, so this may take a little while on long lists. However, retrieved data is cached under
~/.biocyc so subsequent requests will be much quicker. By default the cache is set to expire objects after ~6 months, and the cache folder can be shared between multiple machines.
_Note: If you just want access to the identifiers, you can use the
o._reactions field to access these without triggering a request_
r = o.reactions r
[TRANS-RXN-104, NADP<sup>+</sup> L-lactaldehyde dehydrogenase, L-2,4-diketo-3-deoxyrhamnoate hydrolase, LACTALDDEHYDROG-RXN, RXN0-5269, D-LACTATE-2-SULFATASE-RXN, TRANS-RXN-104, lactate oxidation, LACTATE-MALATE-TRANSHYDROGENASE-RXN, LACTATE-2-MONOOXYGENASE-RXN, L-LACTATE-DEHYDROGENASE-CYTOCHROME-RXN, L-LACTATE-DEHYDROGENASE-RXN, RXN-9067, RXN-8076, PROPIONLACT-RXN, LACTATE-RACEMASE-RXN, LACTATE-ALDOLASE-RXN]
You can access sub-entities and manipulate objects using standard Python list processing.
ps = [r.pathways for r in o.reactions] p = [p for sl in ps for p in sl] p
[L-rhamnose degradation II, L-rhamnose degradation III, L-rhamnose degradation II, methylglyoxal degradation V, lactate biosynthesis (archaea), L-lactaldehyde degradation (aerobic), L-lactaldehyde degradation (aerobic), methylglyoxal degradation V, pyruvate fermentation to lactate, glucose and xylose degradation, Bifidobacterium shunt, heterolactic fermentation, factor 420 biosynthesis]
|Name||L-rhamnose degradation II|
|Species||TAX-5580, ORG-6176, TAX-95486, TAX-284592, TAX-322104|
|Taxonomic range||TAX-2, TAX-4751|
That’s all for now! Hopefully this shows how Python (and IPython notebook) access to the BioCyc Web API may be useful. Support for additional attributes, API calls etc. is planned for the future. If you have specific requests, get in touch!
Get regular Data & Science tips & tutorials direct to your Inbox.
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That little conversation got me thinking about our Coastal Southern California Spring Flowers. There is certainly a preponderence of yellow. For most of the year, giant coreopsis looks like raddegy deformed cactus. It grows in incredibly unlikely spots such as the edges of cliffs and in rocky crevices as well as steep hillsides. Only during the short rainy season does it bloom, sending bright yellow daisy like bouquets reaching toward the blue sky.
A shorter shrub blooms at the same time. I think this native California plant is a marguerite daisy, but I'm not sure. I did spend a bit of time researching in both books and on the web, but I didn't find any photo identification. These bushes are everywhere in the hills and along the country roads and sometimes grow mingled in with the giant coreopsis. On Saturday, The Professor and I stopped at the Chumash Trail head near Mugu Rock on Hwy 1 along the beach so I could photograph these flowers close up. As I was walking through the brush near the trail, a hiker stopped on his way down the path to warn me that he had just seen a very large snake slither into the very section of underbrush I was approaching! After he showed me a photo of the snake he'd taken, we determined that it wasn't a rattlesnake but merely a non poisionous king snake. Nevertheless, I decided that my photos of these daisies by the trail were sufficient.
These giant coreopsis may own the best ocean view real estate in the county!
You can just barely see some little flowers in the bottom left corner of the photo above. Those are wild mustard. In the photo below, you can compare the size of the blooms with the stones, broken abalone shell, and cigarette butt. Even though the mustard flowers are tiny, they bloom profusely at the same time as the 'daisies' and the coreopsis and when all three plants are scattered all over a hillside, it's not easy to tell them apart from a distance.
What I am sure of is that it is Spring in Southern California, the hills are carpeted with yellow flowers, and they are beautiful!
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While the term “heteroflexible” is new, being largely straight is certainly not a latest phenomenon. “This type of flexibility has existed so long as sexuality has, so it’s probably not a new thought per se,” Caraballo says. The labels “gay” and “straight” have never been enough to fully seize the big selection of human sexual expertise.
- If your youngster is presently HIV-positive or has AIDS, she or he now needs your support greater than ever.
- I am burning up with what seems like a giant secret, but I haven’t been in a place to convey myself to the point of claiming something, principally as a outcome of I am afraid of how it is going to be acquired.
- Coming in quite late to say how a lot I recognize the acceptance of having, embracing, and articulating sexual wishes while remaining in a monogamous marriage.
- Some also wrestle to reconcile their teen’s sexual orientation with their spiritual or private beliefs.
A majority (59%) say they knew between the ages of 10 and 19. One-in-five say they knew for sure they have been lesbian, homosexual, bisexual or transgender when they had been of their twenties, and 8% say it wasn’t until they have been 30 or older.
What If I’m Confused About My Sexuality?
I informed her about my fantasies, my needs and wishes about males, and yet she nonetheless wants to keep with me and have sex. I even advised her about the guys I actually have crushes on in my town.
I Was Happily Married When I Spotted I Was Bisexual
“Recently we launched The LGBTQ+ Language and Media Literacy Program, a residing and breathing resource that we will proceed to add to over time. We overlooked some terms and phrases at launch — bisexual, for example — that should have been included from the very beginning! ” Jordan Reeves, the Executive Director of VideoOut, advised the LA Bladeafter the obvious mistake was pointed out.
How Do I Explain To People Who Being Bi Doesnt Imply I Cant Be Monogamous?
So typically, all it takes is a straightforward change in language to recognize that not everyone’s attracted to just one gender. When a man seems increasingly disinterested in heterosexual intimacy, there is a small chance that it might be because they’re bisexual. The chance is small as a outcome of they may https://www.juliemorgenstern.com/the-great-juggling-act-seminar be having an affair, or be in love with another girl. Your family could be shocked, apprehensive or discover it difficult to accept at first. But remember, their first response isn’t necessarily how they’ll feel forever. In time, most households see beyond their son’s sexuality and continue loving them regardless.
We rely on the most present and reputable sources, which are cited in the textual content and listed at the bottom of each article. Content is reality checked after it has been edited and before asiansbrides publication. A bisexual DC superhero, particularly related to Superman, seemed impossible. Superman‘s bisexual son, Jon Kent, was discussed for a potential Superboy TV series on HBO Max.
We moved to a home with a second grasp and advised our associates and households that I was gay and our plan to co-parent. I started to date guys and was very dissatisfied with gay relationship, although I met a man who was actually nice. We spent a while collectively, and after about a month I discovered that I missed my wife. I panicked and thought that I had thrown my life away.
Voices: Tell Us Extra About Your Coming Out Expertise
While straight-passing is a type of privilege, to make certain, being hidden has unimaginable tolls. Coming out is popping out, no matter other components. In our need to focus on intersectionality, let’s not deny people’s lived experiences or play oppression olympics. Just because someone’s journey is completely different from yours doesn’t provide the right to reduce their experience.
For occasion, is there a selected man you’ve discovered “hot” or fantasized about? If your need for men were accepted, you might need wider emotional latitude. I felt actually ashamed and sort of pushed the idea of being with a woman at the again of my thoughts until I got to highschool and began to have feelings for my female pals despite being in long term relationships with males. I began to have sexual desires about ladies someday in school…
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Do I have a Microsoft licence as a student?
Yes, every student from the Rennes School of Business has a Microsoft licence. You do not need an activation key, simply put your school’s email address. This gives you access to the Microsoft package like Word, Excel, Outlook, PowerPoint and much more.
How to download and activate my Microsoft licence?
Open a webpage and type office.com in the top search bar.
Click on the red button “Login” and enter your RSB school’s credentials.
Once you are logged in you have access to every application as web version. To download the package on your computer, click on “Install Office”.
Open your downloads and click on the saved “setup” file to execute and install it.
A pop-up might open, make sure you “Authorize this application to bring modifications to your computer” by selecting OK.
Finish the installation process and log into one of the apps (your email address serves as an activation key). Then close it and restart your computer.
Now the Microsoft package is installed and ready!
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I have been talking about the politics of our current system lately and how policy makers fails to see the problem with growth. But, can we create a just government that supports a sustainable, steady state economy? What does that mean for democracy if we change our economy model?
Read up on the democracies that inspired our founder’s and you will see a strong connection to steady state principals. True democracies are governments run by the people, either by elected officials (representative government like the US) or through direct participation (similar to ancient Greece and most tribal democracies). A steady state economy is one that supports local communities and accounts for the people and the planet instead of just profit. Together, democracy and a steady state economy work very well together.
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If you’re in product design, software executive, construction or any type of other sector, there can be usually even more than 1 way to get elements done. Regarding projectmanagement, each of the most legendary methods with respect to getting tasks done are the classic design style of task administration as well as the unique child on the mass, snello job supervision.
To decide which is best for the purpose of your requirements, you need to produce a stable understanding of the advantages and limitations of every type of task managing technique. Here we browse the precisely what is distinct regarding the two schools of thought, and evaluate side simply by side the advantages and constraints of every single.
Waterfall project supervision mimics the conventional workflow method in any processing or development project since it is a sequential process. Each of the stages takes place in vereinsamung, and once total, the team move on to the up coming stage in the selection.
Waterfall job management depends upon careful record putting. This means there is also a clear newspaper trek to follow, allowing the task to be white and improved upon in the future. From the outset, the consumer could have a clear idea of what is usually going to happen during task delivery. They may find out around what the expense, timescales and size of the job will be, and will include a great idea of what to expect eventually.
Once a level in the procedure is over, there is zero way to go back and change stuff without scrapping the overall project and beginning again. The whole procedure relies upon prestigious original requirements; if these types of are flawed then the project is doomed to failure from the outset. The product is designed found in periods and only tested fully at the conclusion, meaning drive may become so historical in the long run item that they will be extremely hard to clear out. Finally, this sort of job managing isn’t going to allow for adjustments to the brief, therefore if the client understands they need to adjust the short half approach through, surrenders will will need to be manufactured in conditions of budget and timescales.
Gai was once promoted as the answer to many on the problems in waterfall task management. Instead of following a selection of steps in isolierung, but not especially relies after an incremental strategy to the project delivery. Project clubs start off which has an extremely simple notion of where they go, and after that work with highly discreet quests in short ‘sprints’. At the end of each and every sprint the modules are tested to uncover any fruit flies or faults and customer feedback is compiled before the following sprint occurs.
Plenty of changes may be made after preliminary plans happen to be developed, actually rewrites and major changes are practically anticipated. This makes it less difficult to add features and maintain abreast of changes in the market, even even though the task is being sent. Regular testing guarantees faults happen to be determined in the beginning, that means that the product can be ready for kick off quicker and is very likely to be a top quality merchandise.
Using this method requires a good project director to keep elements about track and balance out creative imagination with project delivery requirements. Because of the haziness of the unique project system, the last merchandise can easily often always be wildly dissimilar to what was formerly planned.
Choosing a method
Both of them methods of job management have their time and place, as well as the one which ideal the needs will depend entirely with your specific quick. When you know what a final merchandise should end up being and therefore are assured your customer will never have to switch the opportunity half method through, design project managing is the friend. Even so any time speed of production is even more significant than the top quality of the completed merchandise plus the client desires to be ready to alter scope throughout, agile makes for more overall flexibility and is usually among the things every single job supervisor ought to know about. To find out more go through here www.kyoustuff.pl .
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Charles Chilton, a longtime radio writer and producer for the BBC who developed the concept for the satirical antiwar musical of the 1960s “Oh, What a Lovely War!,” died Jan. 2 in England. He was 95.
Chilton was a versatile writer who contributed to many BBC broadcasts, including music programs and serial dramas about space travel. He had a particular affinity for American subjects, producing children’s books about the Old West, several anthologies of American folk music, and a radio drama and comic book called “Riders of the Range.”
He is best known in the United States for “Oh, What a Lovely War!,” based on his personal quest to learn more about his father, who was killed in World War I when Chilton was an infant.
“I didn’t have any feeling for him, all he was was a photograph hanging on the wall,” Chilton said in a 2007 interview. “I’d never seen him, never touched him, even my mother never told me much about him.”
He had dim recollections from the 1920s of a member of his father’s regiment visiting his family’s home.
“He said he saw my father just a few yards away, standing up,” Chilton said. “This shell came over and exploded, and he saw him no more. Nothing of him was found.”
In the late 1950s, Chilton went to France in search of his father’s grave. The only evidence he could find was his father’s name on a memorial listing thousands of casualties killed at the Second Battle of Arras in 1918.
Chilton then produced a radio program, “A Long, Long Trail,” first broadcast in 1961, that contrasted jaunty dance-hall songs with scenes from the bloody battles on the Western Front.
“A lot of the numbers I used were based on popular songs of the period, but with the words changed to give a satirical edge,” Chilton told the BBC News Magazine in 2011.
A theatrical version of his radio program was staged in 1963 by the British director Joan Littlewood as “Oh, What a Lovely War!” The title was derived from a popular song and was intended to drip with irony.
Theater critic Kenneth Tynan called the production “revolutionary alike in content and form.”
The show had a long run on the British stage and reached Broadway in 1964. In 1969, “Oh, What a Lovely War!” became the first feature film by Richard Attenborough, who later directed “Gandhi,” “A Bridge Too Far” and other blockbusters.
The film had a star-studded cast that included Laurence Olivier, John Gielgud, Vanessa Redgrave, Michael Redgrave and Maggie Smith. Released at the height of the Vietnam War, the movie was seen as a deliberate anti-war statement, but it received a mixed reception.
“The theme is the misery, waste and futility of war itself,” Washington Post critic Gary Arnold wrote, “but the style is triumphantly polished, complacent, ‘classy.’ … One’s overwhelming impression is oh, what a splendid, gorgeous, tasteful piece of academy filmmaking.”
Charles Frederick William Chilton was born June 15, 1917, in London. He was orphaned at age 5 and grew up with his paternal grandmother in a household with 13 other children.
At 15, he began delivering messages for the BBC and soon began compiling musical playlists for broadcast. He was an early disc jockey for the BBC, played guitar in a jazz band and worked for a time with Alistair Cooke.
After serving in the Royal Air Force during World War II, he returned to the BBC, where he produced anthologies of blues and folk music.
He traveled throughout the American West, developing ideas for “Riders of the Range,” which attracted millions of listeners in the early 1950s. He also produced programs on the Civil War, American Indians and the Salvation Army, as well as several science-fiction dramas.
Many of Chilton’s productions were known for their inventive use of music. In 1976, he wrote the script for “A World of Music,” which drew heavily from what is known as the Great American Songbook.
Survivors include his wife of 65 years, Penelope Colbeck Chilton, and three children.
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Theodore L. Bergman
- Charles E. & Mary Jane Spahr Professor
Dr. Bergman joined the Department of Mechanical Engineering in 2012. He was previously a faculty member at the University of Connecticut (1996 – 2012) and The University of Texas at Austin (1985 –1996). From 1998 to 2004 he was Head of the Mechanical Engineering Department at UConn and served as Associate Dean of Engineering for Research and Outreach in 2004 and 2005, also at the University of Connecticut. He directed the Thermal Transport Processes Program at the National Science Foundation from 2008 to 2010. Early in his career, Dr. Bergman worked at Black & Veatch as a design engineer.
Dr. Bergman conducts research in the thermal sciences as applied to advanced manufacturing and alternative energy systems. He is a co-author of several heat transfer texts, has served as an Associate Editor for the ASME Journal of Heat Transfer and Frontiers in Heat Transfer, and has received a number of awards including the NSF Presidential Young Investigator Award, the ASME Heat Transfer Division Best Paper Award, and the ASME Melville Medal. He has published over 130 refereed articles and holds one patent. Dr. Bergman is a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Heat Transfer, Energy, Thermal Manufacturing
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Need help? Call us on +44 (0)20 7613 3444 or email
Health & Safety in a Retail Environment
This CPD certified online session has been created by expert trainers to improve performance and effectiveness for those working in the retail environment. It is part of the wider "Retail Skills Academy" programme (see below) and can also be used as a "stand alone" module for training for this specific topic. The course uses engaging, interactive e-learning which is delivered at a brisk pace; ensuring that the full session can be completed in 20 to 25 minutes.
All of the courses in this range are interactive to keep your attention and are a mixture of presenter led training, online presentations, quizzes and exercises. And at the end of each session there’s a 1-page cheat sheet to walk you through exactly what you should do when it’s time to implement the training back in the workplace – after all, that’s when the real work starts!
Are you safe at work?
Every year people are needlessly injured, and even killed, in retail locations. Most of these injuries could have been prevented through adequate preparation.
This session shares the best practices for establishing and maintaining a healthy and safe environment for you and your customers.
You will learn:
- Why a safer environment is good for business
- How to determine what needs to be done to make your environment safe
- What to do if a robbery occurs
- And much more…
Retail Skills Academy:
This course forms part of the "Retail Skills Academy", an online training programme consisting of 18 online training sessions from MTD Training that you can take from the comfort of your own desktop, mobile or tablet. The main purpose of the Retail Skills Academy is to provide a firm foundation of the key skills required in a modern retail setting.
To achieve the Academy certificate, you must complete all 18 sessions (within a 12 week period) and request/complete the end of programme assessment which consists of 30 multiple choice questions.
All 18 courses are available individually and also as a "complete" Retail Skills Academy package (which represents best value for those wishing to complete the full programme).
The sessions are practical and interactive. We don’t believe in long, lecture like online training. Instead, this programme will get you engaged from the outset.
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JHDLBits: An Open-Source Model for FPGA Design Automation
Poetter, Alexandra Vanessa
MetadataShow full item record
Today's Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) research community could use an extensible tool flow enabling designers to examine new algorithms and new methods of interacting with FPGA configurations. One such flow is JHDLBits, which integrates two prominent FPGA design environments: JHDL and JBits. JHDLBits offers the low-level access and control provided by JBits with the high-level structural circuit design of JHDL. Furthermore, the JHDLBits flow provides greater control of resource manipulation, placement, and routing, and gives researchers a sandbox to explore advanced interactions with FPGA configurations. This thesis presents the overall architecture of the open-source JHDLBits project. Details are provided on how the core components -- JHDL, JBits3 for Virtex-II, the ADB connectivity database, and VTsim, a Virtex-II device simulator -- are linked together to provide an integrated design environment. Strategies and philosophies of the open source movement are also examined to successfully establish the support for and involvement of the FPGA research community throughout the JHDLBits open source endeavor.
- Masters Theses
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https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/34751
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721008.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00116-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.858325
| 269
| 2.375
| 2
|
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