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Taoiseach Enda Kenny has warned European Union leaders that failing to prepare for the expanding digital economy risks losing out on nearly one million jobs.
Mr Kenny was speaking in Paris at a high-level conference aimed at agreeing measures on reducing youth unemployment.
He was one of 24 EU leaders in attendance, along with the presidents of the European Parliament, Council and Commission.
In his speech, Mr Kenny spoke about the growing opportunities in the digital economy, claiming the job creation possibilities were enormous.
He said Europe could have as many as 900,000 job vacancies in the information, communication and technology sector by 2015.
Regarding unemployment among under-25s, Mr Kenny said digital jobs could kick-start young careers and produce fast growing companies.
Mr Kenny dismissed suggestions that Ireland's Youth Guarantee Scheme is in difficulty.
He said the first phase of the plan would be ready before the end of this year.
The scheme aims to give unemployed young people either training, education or a job within four months.
He said: "The plan will be ready and we will live up to the four month commitment. We are absolutely focused on that."
According to the EU's statistical agency Eurostat, more than 5.5 million people under the age of 25 were unemployed in the 28-member unions in September.
The highest rate was in Greece where a massive 57% of young people do not have a job, while in Ireland the rate is 28%.
Agreement reached on 2014 budget
Meanwhile, EU finance ministers and the European Parliament reached agreement overnight on a compromise budget for 2014 following a marathon negotiating session in Brussels.
The negotiations proved to be very difficult due a wrangle over a €400m budget line for flood damage.
Ministers want the European Commission to find the cash by making cutbacks in existing resources.
However, MEPs are adamant that the EU budget cannot be cutback and have demanded that ministers provide new money to make-up the shortfall.
The compromise involved the payment of some additional funds across a number of years, but not the full amount which was originally envisioned.
Minister of State for Public Service Reform Brian Hayes represented the Government at the talks.
Mr Hayes said afterwards that the deal was "a pragmatic one that responds to the needs of a Europe emerging from a painful period of contraction.
"Spending at EU level has to reflect this present reality."
While the agreement will be welcomed, observers believe the arrangement means it is possible there will be future wrangles over the budget in the coming years.
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Research led by scientists at the Wellcome Sanger Institute in the UK shows that the production of blood cells changes dramatically after the age of 70 years likely due to a slow build up in mutations over time.
The buildup of mutations in normal, non-reproductive somatic cells over time is believed to be a contributing factor to the aging process, but the specifics of how these gradual mutations impact organ health is still unclear.
We produce over 2 million blood cells per second, which originate from a group of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Over time these HSCs accumulate small mutations, some of which make the cell more likely to survive and proliferate than others (driver mutations) whereas others have little effect (passenger mutations).
To investigate links between aging and blood cell changes over time, the research team analyzed the production of blood cells from bone marrow in 10 individuals ranging in age from newborn to elderly. The study describing the work was published in Nature, as well as an accompanying study exploring how different driver mutations impact blood cell growth rates.
Overall, the genomes of 3579 blood cells were sequenced and all the somatic mutations were identified. The scientists compared the cells and sequences between the individuals and assessed the impact of age and time on the mutations.
There was a striking difference between the production of blood cells in individuals under the age of 65 and those over 70 years. In those in the younger group, between 20,000-200,000 stem cells contributed equally to the production of new blood cells. Whereas in the older group, blood cell production varied a lot. As few as 10-20 expanded stem cell clones produced as much as half of all the blood cells.
The team think this reduction in diversity is due to the action of selfish ‘driver mutations’ that can result in dramatically reduced cell diversity over time and could be the reason older people are more prone to illnesses and infections. Because the type of driver mutations and resulting cell populations varies from person to person, this could explain some of the variation in health issues seen in older people.
“Factors such as chronic inflammation, smoking, infection and chemotherapy cause earlier growth of clones with cancer-driving mutations. We predict that these factors also bring forward the decline in blood stem cell diversity associated with ageing,” says Elisa Laurenti, Assistant Professor and Wellcome Royal Society Sir Henry Dale Fellow at the Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute at the University of Cambridge, and joint senior researcher on this study.
“It is possible that there are factors that might slow this process down, too. We now have the exciting task of figuring out how these newly discovered mutations affect blood function in the elderly, so we can learn how to minimize disease risk and promote healthy ageing.”
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Winged cats are a popular motif across art and literature, from renaissance art to the children’s book series Catwings. Their reoccurring appearance leaves us to wonder: could winged cats really exist? The answer might not be the resounding “no” you think it is…
Ripley’s Believe It or Not! is no stranger to the vast world of animal anomolies. With everything from cow hairballs to unicorn goats and deer and two-headed cows, we have real taxidermy specimens of many animal oddities. Beyond those, we have many examples of so-called gaff-taxidermy—taxidermy specimens that are fake but often presented as real (think the jackalope). These winged cats, however, make no appearance in our collection.
Barring early history, where cats across millennia have been depicted with wings in mythology, the modern sightings of cats with “wings” can be traced back at least 100 years. One of the earliest known mentions of a winged cat is from Henry David Thoreau, who described a winged cat at a farmhouse in 1842. According to Thoreau, the cat had long hairy appendages sprouting from its body, but that they fell off in the spring and were kept by the writer in his private collection for a time. Thoreau had no reason to think the cat was capable of flight, however. Calling these appendages “wings” was just poetic. They were actually just clumps of matted fur.
Nevertheless, over a century later, news of winged cats still circulates the news cycle from time to time.
In 2008, newspapers reported a winged calico in China, and in 2012, the video of a winged cat above appeared, with people in the video touching and showing off its “wings.” Over the years there have been countless sightings of winged felines, reported from the public and veterinarians. There are even photos and videos of them, with pairs of tiny sheets of fluff coming from their backs.
This has led some to speculate whether Thoreau’s observations were just a coincidence. Some people have posted comments suggesting crossbreeding or even divine intervention to explain these creatures, but no bird or bat could ever make hybrids with cats. As for divine order, no one could say for certain, but experts have a few guesses as to what could cause these apparent growths.
Sarah Hartwell at Messybeast lists three possibilities for these strange creatures:
First, you may notice when looking through pictures of winged cats that most of them are long-haired. Some long-haired cats struggle to groom themselves, especially on their backs, and the hair can become matted. Humans can easily clip or brush out mats of fur, which look like flapping wings when the cat runs.
A second possibility is that some of the cats may have a condition that makes their skin overly-elastic and fragile. This is called cutaneous asthenia and is the feline equivalent of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. As a cat crouches, skin can bunch up behind her arms and stretch to form folds like wings on her back. In some cases, you could even stretch out their fur-covered skin flaps like wings long enough for a photo.
The third explanation is that the cat could have been born with extra limbs, as a mutation or a partial conjoined twin. If a kitten was born with extra arms in the right spot, they might sort of look like wings.
Sadly, all of these conditions can harm, or at least be uncomfortable for the cat. It’s lucky, then, that these mythical beasts are so rare.
By Kristin Hugo, contributor for Ripleys.com
Kristin Hugo is a science journalist with writing in National Geographic, Newsweek, and PBS Newshour. She’s especially experienced in covering animals, bones, and anything weird or gross. When not writing, Kristin is spray painting and cleaning bones in her New York City yard. Find her on Twitter at @KristinHugo, Tumblr at @StrangeBiology, and Instagram at @thestrangebiology.
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Ipswich: Church with links to Sherlock Holmes author is up for auction
13:34 21 February 2014
All old houses have a history – but some are perhaps more colourful than most.
Back in the 1920s when all matters psychic were slightly risque, Ipswich became home to one of only a handful of spiritualist organisations in the country.
The Cedars Spiritualist Church was visited by people from far and wide, including Sherlock Holmes author, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, whose fascination in the beyond stretched to a series of books about spiritualism.
But the church, on the corner of Paget Road and Anglesea Road, is set to go under the hammer next month with a guide price of between £500,000 and £700,000.
Kandi Munson, The Cedars’ president, said she was looking for premises more suited to what the church offers, with healing, yoga, meditation and teaching courses as well as regular services.
She said the imposing Victorian property was originally bought in the 1920s for £800 and records show that Ipswich Psychic Society, as the church was once known, was a real crowd puller with garden parties, a talk at Ipswich Picture House that attracted about 1,000 people and other events. Miss Munson added: “We had our own mediums, Joan Brown and Dorothy Abraham, who lived here in the flats above the church for many years.
“They talked about people arriving in horse and carriages from London, visits from and to Native Indians in Canada and, of course, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, who came to society meetings on a number of occasions.
“We’ve got all his books on spiritualism –- all first editions which he gave us. They are locked away but they won’t be sold as part of the house. They are too precious and will be coming with us to our new home.”
Auctioneer Tim Golding said: “It’s a special property and not just because of its history.”
The Cedars will be going under the hammer at Goldings Auctions at Wherstead Park on Wednesday, March 5.
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"I believe we’ve cracked the COVID-19 code . . . People are dying needlessly . . . This protocol can save lives." SOURCE
"Every substance used in our cohort is either an essential nutrient or an oxidant mediator actually manufactured by the body. Nothing foreign to the body was used, nor anything patentable." SOURCE
"We present the current evidence for the use of vitamin C and quercetin both for prophylaxis
in high-risk populations and for the treatment of COVID-19 patients . . . " SOURCE
"In the overall clinical endeavor [preventing and treating COVID-19], it is likely useful to consider favoring the clinical application of substances that are normal to the body, such as GSH, NAC, vitamins D, A, and C, and zinc." SOURCE
" . . . The hypothesis suggests that SARS-CoV-2 virus poses a danger only for people with endogenous glutathione deficiency, regardless which of the factors aging, chronic disease comorbidity, smoking or some others were responsible for this deficit." SOURCE
". . . [before HBOT] he had previously been so weak he couldn’t open his eyes . . . He was returned to the ICU, sitting up in a wheelchair, chattering away, with his eyes wide open!" SOURCE
At times of illness, nutrients become depleted and need to be replaced so that your immune system can keep doing its job. A case series study of 107 successfully recovered COVID-19 patients represents one of a vast variety of natural approaches. It serves as an excellent example of the healing power of your own immune system when given appropriate nutrients and therapies, such as nebulized hydrogen peroxide.
At times of critical illness, a combination of drugs and nutrients can address severe symptoms while ensuring the immune system is supported optimally for a healthy recovery without lingering health issues. Frontline doctors around the world have developed such protocols with on-the-shelf products. One such team of leading ICU doctors in the U.S. -- the FLCCC -- developed and continue to update protocols to prevent and treat COVID-19, as well as treat COVID-19 vaccine injuries.
When we breathe, oxygen and other gases saturate our blood and cells. Movement and exercise are critical to maintaining immune health.
The most powerful oxygen therapy is hyperbaric oxygen (HBOT). It has been shown to address the symptoms of hypoxia and to boost antioxidant gene expression. Clinical trials and Compassionate Use are showing that all COVID-19 patients could benefit from HBOT.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines a "cure" as "recovery or relief from a disease" and "to restore to health, soundness, or normality."
. . .provides the "cure."
A properly supported healthy immune system will provide protection and resolve viral infections with no or minimal symptoms†.
. . .with less than optimal immune systems, there are many effective therapeutic options to choose from ~ available now†!
Information about doctors, nurses, and organizations with the Frontline COVID-19 Critical Care Alliance.
"Orthomolecular medicine describes the practice of preventing and treating disease by providing the body with optimal amounts of substances which are natural to the body." SOURCE
"The Functional Medicine model is an individualized, patient-centered, science-based approach that empowers patients and practitioners to work together to address the underlying causes of disease and promote optimal wellness." SOURCE
"Naturopathic medicine is primary health care that emphasizes prevention and the self-healing process through the use of healthy living and natural therapies, blending centuries-old knowledge and a philosophy that nature is the most effective healer with current research on health and human systems." SOURCE
"Osteopathic medicine provides all of the benefits of modern medicine including prescription drugs, surgery, and the use of technology to diagnose disease and evaluate injury. It also offers the added benefit of hands-on diagnosis and treatment through a system of treatment known as osteopathic manipulative medicine. Osteopathic medicine emphasizes helping each person achieve a high level of wellness by focusing on health promotion and disease prevention." SOURCE
Besides those listed above, there are other practitioners who can help you achieve and maintain health and wellness ahead of a medical emergency. The immune system does not function in isolation, and is often affected by imbalances in the nervous system.
"The nervous system consists of the brain, the spinal cord, and the miles of nerves that go to every single cell, system, structure and organ within the body. The brain speaks to each of these by sending messages down the spinal cord and out the nerves. The cells, systems, structures and organs send information back through the nerves into the spinal cord and up to the brain. This is the communication loop through which you live your entire life. . . . The better this system functions, the better your opportunity to experience optimal health." SOURCE
FIND A CHIROPRACTOR
Acupuncture, Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Ayurvedic Medicine are just a few of the many healing and health approaches that have evolved over the centuries, all bringing unique insights and traditions. There's something for everyone!
†By law, we have to say: these statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This website is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Disclaimer: This website is for informational purposes only and should not be construed as providing medical advice. HealthyImmunityNOW has no financial connection to any product mentioned. Links are provided for informational purposes only.
Copyright © 2020-2022 Healthy Immunity Now - All Rights Reserved.
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From National Science Education Standards: Light, heat, electricity and magnetism
Have you ever noticed your hair standing out on a dry day, or how a fuzzy fleece blanket can make sparks if you rub two sections of the blanket together in the dark? Both of these things are caused by electricity—which also runs as current through wires behind light switches and electrical outlets. But the form of electricity that causes hair to stand up, known as static electricity, is much weaker (though strong enough that a buildup of static electricity can cause a slightly painful shock if you touch the right surface).
Because it's weaker, static electricity doesn't work as well to power light bulbs or appliances, but you can make it do some surprising things around the house.
Static electricity works on similar principles as a magnet. It can create a positive or negative charge that can either attract or repel other objects.
Have you ever rubbed a balloon or fuzzy fabric against your hair and watched what happens? The rubbing action moves some of the loose negative charges (from atoms' electrons) in your hair to the surface of the balloon or fabric. This makes your (now) positively charged hair attracted to the (now) more negatively charged surface of the balloon or fabric. And because each of your hairs has a slight positive charge, like similar sides of a magnet, they will want to move away from each other, fluffing out your hair even more!
Water, which is two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, also is made up of charged particles, with the two hydrogen atoms having a positive charge. Because in water’s liquid form these atoms are free to move around any which way, it can easily be affected by a static electrical charge.
• Three small Styrofoam cups (alternatively, you can use two paper cups to hold the water and an inflated balloon to provide the static charge)
• Someone with a head of clean, dry hair
• Carefully push a toothpick half way through the bottom of one of the Styrofoam cups. Don’t remove the toothpick—leave it stuck in the cup to ensure a gentle trickle of water when you fill it up.
• Hold this cup directly over the second Styrofoam cup.
• Fill the top Styrofoam cup (with the toothpick in the bottom) with water, and make sure that it is leaking a steady but small stream of water into the cup below.
• Observe how the water is flowing straight down from the top cup into the one below.
• Rub the third Styrofoam cup against the head of someone with clean dry hair for several seconds to get a static electrical charge (you can tell this happens when the hairs start to stand apart from each other).
• Hold this statically charged cup near the stream of water without letting it get wet.
• What happens to the stream of water?
• Now move the cup away from the water stream. What does the water do?
• Extra: Try the activity with other objects, such as a paper cup, a balloon you've rubbed against your hair or other items. What works to change the water's stream? What doesn't?
Read on for observations, results and more resources.
Observations and results
What happened to the flow of water when the statically charged cup came close to it? What happened when you took the statically charged cup away? Why do you think this happened?
When you rubbed the Styrofoam cup in the hair, negative charges (electrons) moved from the hairs to the surface of the cup, giving the cup a negative charge. The water falling out of the top cup is made out of positive and negative pieces that are all jumbled together. But as the negatively charged cup approaches the stream, the positively charged parts of the water molecules (the hydrogen atoms) are attracted to the negative charge and move the whole stream toward the cup.
Why doesn't the water get pulled all the way sideways to attach itself to the surface of the cup? Even though the static electric pull between the negative and positive forces is strong, the water is still heavy enough to be pulled down by gravity. So when you take the charged cup away from the stream, gravity takes back over entirely and pulls the water straight down.
Share your water bending observations and results! Leave a comment below or share your photos and feedback on Scientific American's Facebook page.
Pour out the water and carefully remove the toothpick. You can rinse and reuse the Styrofoam cups that don't have a hole in them.
More to explore
"Why Are Lightning Bolts Jagged Instead of Straight?" from Scientific American
"How Do Batteries Store and Discharge Electricity?" from Scientific American
"Static Electricity: Learn about static charge & static shock" from Science Made Simple
"Structure of the Atom" from New York University
Where Does Electricity Come From? by C. Vance Cast, ages 4–8
Benjamin Franklin's Adventures With Electricity by Beverley Birch, ages 9–12
Under Pressure: Launch a Balloon Rocket
What you'll need
Balloon (Long ones work best, but a round one will do, too.)
Piece of string at least 10 feet long
Two chairs or sturdy door handles about 10 feet apart (with clear space in between)
Balloons of other shapes and sizes (optional)
Other thin materials that can work as a guide wire, such as fishing line, ribbon or twine (optional)
Stopwatch or clock that indicates seconds (optional)
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Generalized Literate Programming Framework
So Literate Coffeescript is a cool idea, but why isn't there a standard JS or compile-to-JS version? JS Programmers want some love too! This is my effort to rectify this inequity.
To use in-browser, include the marked source (and optionally the coffee-script source if desired):
<script src=""></script><script src=""></script>
npm install -g voc and run against your markdown file:
$ voc yourfile.md
VOC searches for markdown code blocks. Using GFM guards (triple backticks), hints after the opening backticks are used to direct content.
For example, "```>foo.bar" will redirect content in the codeblock to
If a preprocessor is available, VOC can be told to use it! This is needed for certain magic cases like Makefiles (which require explicit tabs).
As described in voc.md, there are two exported methods:
run. To add
your own language preprocessor:
Define the handler function (accepts code and returns JS)
Add the language to the framework
See the enclosed voc.md for more information.
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Disclaimer: We at Oddee love and respect animals. We do not condone or approve of animal cruelty in any way, shape, or form, but as a blog that reports on everything bizarre in our world, we thought that you should know about some of the craziest ways that animals are being used for sport around the world.
Reader discretion is advised.
Elephant polo is a variant of polo played whilst riding elephants. It is played in Nepal, Sri Lanka, Rajasthan (India), and Thailand.
Stress can cause a variety of aggressive and fearful responses in animals. Think about zoo animals or "pets" that are captured in the wild and then confined to a courtyard or cage. Even domesticated animals have anxiety living in confined areas. Equine behaviorists have long recognized the negative effects of stable stress on horses, and a group of them decided to create a game to ease the tension. That's how horse soccer was invented.
Horses enjoy playing soccer alone or with their riders. A new form of horse soccer is played with a large ball such as the one above. Horses and riders form teams and set up soccer goals. The horses, guided by their riders, kick or nudge the ball toward the team's goal. Sounds like a lot of fun.
The weird sport, called Ferret Legging, is a test of endurance or just the ability to “have your tool bitten and not care.” Also known as ferret-down-trousers and put ‘em down, the rules of the sport are pretty tight. Competitors have two ferrets placed inside their trousers, which are tied firmly at the ankles and belted up at the waist, thereby eliminating any point of escape for the furry creatures. The competitor then stands before judges, enduring the misery of the ferrets' razor-sharp claws and teeth. Other rules state that competitors cannot be drunk and the ferrets must not be sedated. Also, the ferrets must have a full set of teeth that have not been blunted or filed. The man who stands the longest, wins.
Cow fighting is a traditional Swiss event. Unlike bullfighting, in which humans fight bulls, cow fighting pits cow against cow. Each fight can last up to 40 minutes. Similar events take place in Haute-Savoie, France, in the Aosta Valley of Italy, and also in Artvin, Turkey.
The west coast of Turkey has a tradition of camel wrestling, which pits champion beasts from local villages against each other in a dusty stadium. But it tends to be as comic as it is exciting, since camels aren't natural-born fighters.
Camel wrestling is an open-air stadium sport pitting two bulls against each other, encouraged by an alluring cow, who's paraded in front of the contestants and led away. The male camels froth at the nose and mouth, and then -- if the crowd is lucky -- start to fight. The object for a wrestling camel, usually, is to dominate his rival by sitting on him.
The problem is that camels aren't built for battle. They can be nastily temperamental and prone to using their teeth; but a camel-wrestling match is a struggle for dominance using whatever method occurs to the animals at the time. The camels are muzzled -- colorfully -- to avoid bites, but a match might involve growling.
Roller pigeons are a domesticated breed of pigeons that can roll, somersaulting backward in fast and tight rotations, while flying through the air or on the ground. Some roller pigeons can roll so fast that they resemble spinning balls of feathers.
They are selectively bred to increase the duration, height and quality of their rolls for competition. Roller pigeons are also bred for their ability to fly and roll simultaneously as a team with other roller pigeons.
Teams are usually comprised of eight to 20 pigeons. During competitions, the birds are judged on several factors, including their compact formation, simultaneous rolling, depth and quality of the rolls. Judges concentrate on three phases of rolling: the entrance to the roll, the roll itself and the recovery from the roll.
Not all types of roller pigeons are bred for their ability to roll mid-air in competitions. Show rollers, for example, are bred for their appearance while parlor rollers, which do not fly, are bred for their ability to roll on the ground.
The Island Safari Centre on Koh Samui is teaching six-year-old Malie and nine-year-old Toktak to use their trunks to perform basketball skills, in an effort to improve their health and vitality. Organizers at the center which cares for the animals, say they undergo rigorous training in order to learn the basics of the game.
The keepers begin by teaching the elephants basic ball control skills, and how to hold the ball in their trunk. The animals are then taught to stand on their hind legs, walk with the ball, and finally, shoot it through the hoop.
Dog fighting is a form of blood sport in which game dogs are made to fight, sometimes to the death. It is illegal in most developed countries. Dog fighting is used for entertainment and may also generate revenue from stud fees, admission fees and gambling.
World Snail Racing Championships
Ready, set, slow! Snail racing involves racing two or more land snails, typically on a circular track with a radius of 13-14 inches. Racing numbers are either painted on their shells or small stickers are attached to them to distinguish each competitor. Many snail-racing events take place worldwide each year, but the annual World Snail Racing Championship in the U.K. is the most popular.
Turkey bowling is a sport which is based on ordinary bowling: a frozen turkey serves as a bowling ball and 10 plastic bottles of soft drinks or water are the bowling pins. The turkey is bowled down a smooth surface, for example, ice. It is commonly associated with Thanksgiving and is popular in minor league ice hockey in the United States and Canada.
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The inside story of Ranbaxy's dirty drugs scandal
Kumar’s document explained that while the company had slashed production costs and used the cheapest ingredients in those markets, it submitted data from the drugs that had been made for more regulated markets, a dangerous bait- and- switch that concealed the low quality. The report also noted that active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) that failed purity tests had been reblended with good API until it met requirements.
The report noted the “non- availability” in India and Latin America of validation methods, stability data, and bioequivalence reports. In short, Ranbaxy had almost no method for confirming the content of drugs in those markets. For example, the data collected by Thakur’s team showed that of the 163 drug products approved in Brazil since 2000, almost all had been filed with phony batch records and stability data that did not exist.
The report noted that in a majority of regulatory filings, Ranbaxy had “intentionally misrepresented” small research and development batches (some two thousand doses) as exhibit batches one hundred times the size, and then deceptively performed crucial tests for bioequivalence and stability on the smaller, easier- to- control batches. The result was that its commercial- sized batches had not actually been tested before being sold, putting millions of patients at risk.
In an email to Tempest marked “confidential” accompanying the report, Kumar noted that lack of adherence to regulation was only part of the problem. “It appears that some of these issues were apparent over a year ago and I cannot find any documents which sought to address these concerns or resolve the issues.” In closing, he made clear that his ultimate loyalties lay not with the company but with the truth. “I can not allow any information to be used for any dossier unless fully supported by data,” he wrote, adding: “With your permission, I would like to take advice from legal counsel in London as to my current responsibility and indemnity with respect to the above issues.”
In response, Tempest assured Kumar that the company would do the right thing.
Though the picture was grim, Kumar confided to Thakur that he believed he could fix the problems, if given the authority.
Thakur’s findings were not news to Ranbaxy’s top executives. Just ten months earlier, in October 2003, outside auditors started investigating Ranbaxy facilities worldwide. In this case, the audits had been ordered up by Ranbaxy itself. This was a common industry practice: drug companies often hired consultants to audit their facilities as a dry run to see how visible their problems were. If the consultants could find it, they reasoned, then most likely regulators could too.
The fact- finding mission by Lachman Consultant Services left Ranbaxy officials under no illusion as to the extent of the company’s failings. At Ranbaxy’s Princeton, New Jersey, facility, auditors found that the company’s Patient Safety Department barely functioned and training was essentially “non- existent.” The staff had no written protocols for investigating patient complaints, which piled up in boxes, uncategorized and unreported. They had no clerical help for basic tasks like mailing out the patients’ samples for testing. “I don’t think there’s the same medicine in this medicine,” was a common refrain from patients. Even when there were investigations, they were so perfunctory and half- hearted that expiration dates were listed as “unknown,” even when they could easily have been found from a product’s lot number.
After weeks of exhaustive research, Thakur brought his team’s preliminary findings on the Latin American, Indian, and ROW (rest of the world) markets to his boss, Raj Kumar.
It was 7:30 a.m., the time Kumar usually got to work, and they met in his office. The hallways were still quiet. Thakur placed some preliminary spreadsheets in front of Kumar. They showed that numerous drugs had never been tested properly, if at all, and had no underlying data to support the company’s claims. Kumar perused them in silence. “This can’t be right,” he finally said. It seemed impossible that Ranbaxy had filed dossiers on drugs the company hadn’t actually tested. Kumar had never heard of anything like it. “You must have missed data.”
“We’ve looked, and it doesn’t exist,” Thakur insisted.
“You have to go back and check again,” Kumar asserted. “This has got to be wrong.”
To Kumar, the only plausible explanation was that Thakur had either overlooked existing test results or misinterpreted the results he’d found. Otherwise, there was no precedent for what Thakur had uncovered. In the coming weeks, Kumar sent him back to check and recheck so many times that finally Thakur organized a meeting with the team so that Kumar could hear from them directly.
They, too, had been stunned by their own findings and remained at a loss for how to think about what they’d found. “Corruption to me was more Enron, more how you fudge earnings,” Dinesh Kasthuril recalled. Venkat Swawinathan had expected “nepotism and inefficiency.” But doing things that jeopardized people’s lives was another thing altogether.
Once Kumar heard from each member of Thakur’s team, it finally sank in. The company was committing fraud and potentially harming patients on a global scale. He distilled the information into a four- page report for the CEO, Brian Tempest. Though blandly titled “Inadequate Dossiers filed in various countries for various products” and written in the gray lingo of corporate quality assurance, the report was explosive. It laid bare systemic fraud in Ranbaxy’s worldwide regulatory filings. “The majority of products filed in Brazil, Mexico, Middle East, Russia, Romania, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, African Nations, have data submitted which did not exist or data from different products and from different countries.”
An audit of Ranbaxy’s main U.S. manufacturing plant, Ohm Laboratories in New Jersey, found that the company, though required to report adverse events to the FDA, rarely did so. There was no system to capture patient complaints after hours, and no global medical officer to ensure that any potential negative consequences for patients were being monitored. The consultants from Lachman urged Ranbaxy to address these problems globally. Ranbaxy’s initial reaction to the findings was to question the number of hours, and the resulting invoice, that Lachman had sent for its work.
The picture was not a lot rosier overseas. At a plant called Mohali, in India’s northern state of Punjab, auditors found so little control of records that twenty people were authorized to change test results. Over 120 different batch records had been reprinted, which Ranbaxy claimed was due to faulty dot matrix printers that had not been replaced. If the goal of good manufacturing was total control, this was about as wild and careening a picture as one could get.
The head of Lachman later sent a top company official a wide- ranging plan for corrective action. Among the suggestions was to establish a training program for workers, including a module entitled “Creating a Culture of Trust, Ethical Behavior, and a ‘Quality First’ Mindset.” But Ranbaxy refused to implement the proposed ethics training after a company executive deemed it unnecessary.
At 8:30 a.m., the heat already stifling outside, Dinesh Thakur looked around the conference table at his six project managers and saw tired faces. Some had left their homes hours earlier to beat rush-hour traffic and arrive on time. They knew the meeting was important, but didn’t know its agenda. Thakur was about to give his team one of the stranger tasks in the annals of corporate due diligence, but had decided in advance to keep the true reasons for it to himself.
“We have a new assignment from Dr. Kumar,” he began. “He wants to know if we can substantiate all of the data that we have provided to various countries. This is a retrospective review of our portfolio, and he wants to know how confident we are about the information we have provided to various regulatory agencies in the last twenty years.”
The members of his team looked surprised, yet the assignment fell within their wheelhouse. Their job was to map all of Ranbaxy’s data, so it was only logical to find out if it was accurate first.
Thakur directed their attention to a large whiteboard where he’d drawn a graph. On the vertical axis were all the regions of the world where the company sold its drugs. On the horizontal axis were myriad questions. What products were on the market? When were they registered? Where were the actual dossiers used to register the products? Where was the supporting data? How many batches were sold in that market? What facility manufactured them?
Thakur assigned each of his staffers a region of the world. He directed them to compare the company’s raw manufacturing data for the drugs in those markets against the claims made in submissions to regulators. Did the data match up, or were there any discrepancies? Did the submissions comply with local regulations?
A picture of the company’s entire operations had never been pieced together before. Until then, Ranbaxy had been partitioned. Specific groups worked on product development for different regions, but almost never met to compare notes. No one had a complete picture of how— or even where— the company’s drugs were approved. But Thakur had directed his team to make a multidimensional assessment that spread across the entire globe and stretched back years.
Extracted from Bottle of Lies - Ranbaxy and the Dark Side of Indian Pharma by Katherine Eban with permission from Juggernaut Books
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In the event of a timing chain failure, you will need a replacement chain - and it's recommended you replace the other timing chains at the same time if your car has more than one. We stock timing chains for all types of car.
The timing chain is an alternative to the timing (or cam) belt. Its job is to control the opening and closing of the engine's valves by turning the camshaft and crankshaft at the right speeds. The timing chain is subject to wear and tear along with other parts in the chain drive mechanism, and should be replaced every 40,000 - 100,000 miles. As well as the expected wear and tear of moving mechanical parts, the timing chain's demise will be further hastened by infrequent oil changes, impure oil or a depleted oil tank. When a timing chain becomes worn it will stretch, affecting the ignition and slowing down the opening and closing of the engine valves. This might result in a sluggish engine and difficulty starting, as well as producing some strange noises such as rattling or squealing. You could more than double the timing chain's lifespan if you look after your engine and change the oil regularly. However, do be sure to replace it (and its accompanying parts) when worn, or it could break and cause severe damage to the engine. Show Less
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Thursday, November 6, 2014
Goldwater (GWC) 487, Tempe campus [map]
Software-defined networking (SDN) is a new networking paradigm that decouples the control logic from the closed and proprietary implementations of traditional network data plane infrastructure. SDN enables researchers to more easily design and distribute innovative flow handling and network control algorithms. We believe that SDN can, in time, prove to be one of the more impactful technologies to drive a variety of innovations in network security. However, to date there remains a stark paucity of SDN security research.
In this talk, Guofei Gu will discuss some new opportunities as well as challenges in this new research direction, and demonstrate with our recent research results. In the first half of the talk, he will discuss how SDN can enhance network security, e.g., by offering a dramatic simplification to the way we design and integrate complex network security applications/services into large networks. Gu will introduce work on FRESCO, a new SDN/OpenFlow security application development framework designed to facilitate the rapid design, and modular composition of SDN-enabled security modules (e.g., for threat detection and mitigation). In the second half of the talk, Gu will discuss some unique security problems inside SDN, e.g., control plane saturation attacks, and introduce our work on AvantGuard to enhance the robustness and flexibility of SDN.
Guofei Gu is an associate professor in the Department of Computer Science & Engineering at Texas A&M University (TAMU). Before coming to Texas A&M, he received his doctorate degree in computer science from the College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology. His research interests are in network and system security, such as Internet malware analysis/detection/defense, software-defined networking security, web and social network security, mobile and Android security, and intrusion/anomaly detection. Gu is a recipient of 2010 NSF CAREER Award, 2013 AFOSR Young Investigator Award, 2010 IEEE Symposium on Security & Privacy (S&P’10) Best Student Paper Award, and a Google Faculty Research Award. He is currently directing the SUCCESS (Secure Communication and Computer Systems) Lab at TAMU.
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Journal of Discourses/Volume 7/Apostacy the Result of Ignorance, etc.
I wish to say a few words before the close of the meeting.
You have heard me say, a great many times, and it is the experience of all men who understand wisdom, that the greatest difficulty we have to meet is what may be termed ignorance, or want of understanding in the people. If people would readily understand and practise what they are taught, they would do very well without so much teaching as now seems to be necessary; but when they have not that intelligence which leads and guides to victory in the acts of life, they should be taught to know how to overcome every difficulty and enemy they have to meet. And if people could understand things as they are, there never would be any apostacy—none would fall through lack of faith and good works. In regard to this people's sustaining the First Presidency, they believe that they do; but still there is something beyond which many do not as yet understand: there are instances in which they do not fully sustain the Presidency. It may be asked, "Have not this people voted to sustain the Presidency?" Yes; but do they sustain them in every particular? The great majority sustain them, as far as they understand. The main difficulty is that many do not know how the Presidency should be sustained, through lack of intelligence to rightly discern and classify their acts and reflections. They will sustain, with their prayers, every department of the Priesthood as being teachers of the plan of salvation, but do not understand that there is not an act in the lives of intelligencies but what has a tendency to either sustain or oppose—a tendency either for good or evil.
The Government of the United States is Republican in form, and should be in its administration, and requires a man for President who is capable of communicating to the understanding of the people, according to their capacity, information upon all points pertaining to the just administration of the Government. He should understand what administrative policy would be most beneficial to the nation. He should also have the knowledge and disposition to wisely exercise the appointing power, so far as it is constitutionally within his control, and select only good and capable men for office. He should not only carry out the legal and just wishes of his constituents, but should be able to enlighten their understanding and correct their judgment. And all good officers in a truly Republican administration will constantly labour for the security of the rights of all, irrespective of sect or party.
This people would do many things that would tend to death, if they did not listen to correct instructions; for, as yet, they have not wisdom enough to guide them under all circumstances. And although you think that you sustain your Presidency, yet many conduct themselves in some things precisely as do the people in the world. They take a course to destroy themselves politically and religiously, and they will destroy themselves; and so would many of you, if you were destitute of counsellors dictated by the Spirit of the Lord to direct in all things, whether relating to religious or political government. We stand upon this platform; still we are in a measure yet like the world. There are some contentions and discords, and some are taking a course which will bring evil upon us. Do they know it? No, they do not: but their ignorance will not prevent the effects. They do not know the consequences of unwise acts; but they will produce evil, whether they understand them or not.
There are those who, it would seem, can never come to understanding: they are apparently stereotyped, never to improve any more, while others have their minds open and constantly learning and increasing in wisdom and understanding. When the people learn to partake of the Spirit which governs this kingdom, and become fully imbued with that Spirit, they will understand the objects, examples, and designs of those who are placed to counsel and direct them. Do you understand that, brethren and sisters? You must enjoy that Spirit, or you cannot walk in the same path with those who are appointed to be your counsellors and teachers. But if you possess that Spirit, instead of taking various by-paths, you will be able to walk in the path that leadeth to life. Who are your leaders? The First Presidency. Who was the master. spirit? Joseph. Who were his leaders? Those who immediately presided over him. If we will live upon the principles which our Government professes to be built upon, we shall follow him, and not make devious paths.
All the acts we perform should be governed by the guidance of the Priesthood. Were that done, you would see blessings result from all the acts of a nation, just as we wish to see in our Republic, and as we would see, if the people of our nation would learn and practise the principles of the Priesthood. The Priesthood does not wait for ignorance: it instructs those who have not wisdom, and are desirous of learning correct principles. But our Government is controlled by ignorance; and thousands who are ignorant of the true principles. of correct government are placed in important positions, and every department is more or less governed by ignorance, folly, and weakness. More imbecility has been manifested in the management of public affairs, of late, than ought to be manifested by any government.
Let those called Latter-day Saints so learn wisdom as to carry out the true principles of government, that they may be able to wisely govern and control all things. Do any suppose that we shall ever war against the principles or form of our National Government? We shall not; for we love and cherish them, and always have and ever expect to, because they are good and just. It is published from east to west, and from north to south, that the "Mormons" are opposed to the Government of the United States. That is not true, and never was. But many of the officers and people of the United States are too much opposed to their own institutions, and are taking a course to destroy the best form of government instituted by man. They lay the axe at the root of the tree, and it will fall and be as though it had not been, They do not understand the principles which will build them up. Each one strikes out and follows his own way. Do the members thereof know how to sustain their own party? No: they sap the foundation of their own party.
Such is measurably the case with a portion of this people. They wish to be saved—they desire to gain celestial glory; but their own acts sap the foundation of all their desires. This people desire to do right, and the reason why all of them do not is because all do not strive to know how. True principles will abide, while all false principles will fall with those who choose and cleave to them.
The government of this Church is based upon true principles, and the reason people fall out by the way is because of their ignorance—because they do not thoroughly canvass their acts, and wisely ponder the probable results.
Brother Wells has been speaking about many of the brethren's being careless about going north to look after their property. I have reflected upon that, and I conclude that the brethren feel to say, "We have left our property, because the Lord in his wisdom is leading us in a way that requires us to leave our buildings and other improvements; we have cheerfully left them in the line of duty, and we do not particularly desire to go back and guard them. They have passed from our affections, and shall we turn round and cling to them? We do not feel to care how soon the Lord sees fit, in his wisdom, to require us to lay them utterly waste." That feeling proves to me that the affections of this people are not placed upon earthly things; still there is a lack of understanding with some in regard to using them aright. If we have made the sacrifice complete in our feelings, we have been driven far enough; and I can tell the world that all earth and hell will never gain power to drive us out of these mountains, unless it is the will of the Lord, though we may be required to move from place to place. We have to learn that all the elements are eternal, though their varied earthly forms are organized to be dissolved. We must not place our affections upon these things until they are organized for eternity. If we will take that course, we shall be laying up treasures in heaven. Earthly things will be decomposed, and their reorganization will be by the power of the resurrection: then we shall begin to understand the proper use of element.
I hear some say, "Why should we wish to go to Box Elder to guard our property there?" The Lord gave us the ability to obtain what we have; and if our affections are so chastened that we can measurably realize that he gave us the power to accumulate our possessions—that he organized the elements and gave us bodies and life upon the earth—that all blessings are the gift of the Lord, then we have profited by the experience now offered; and now it is our duty to preserve that which the Lord has blessed us with, so far as circumstances will permit, and patiently await the development of future events and requirements.
Some do not understand duties which do not coincide with their natural feelings and affections. Do you comprehend that statement? I have tried to tell you; but I am sometimes at a loss to convey a correct understanding with words. I should have the language of angels to enable me to exactly convey my ideas, and that would require an audience who understand that language. There are duties which are above affection. Our enemies have driven this people from their homes until their affections are no longer placed upon the things of this world, which is more than all other communities can say in truth. No other people can truthfully say that they can handle the things of this world without having their affections placed upon them, even though many of them will endure more or less affliction for their religion. Some will throw themselves under the massive wheels of the car of Juggernaut, and be crushed to pieces, and others will endure all that is possible for their religion, no matter whether it is true or false. There is not so much difficulty in leading persons to death for the religion we profess, as there is in inducing them to live to its pure principles. There is but little trouble in inducing people to sacrifice and suffer for their religion: but who lives for it? If this people do not, no people upon this earth do. And I am happy in being able to say that they have proved that they place less value upon their farms, houses, and other comforts of life than they do, upon their religion, and that so many of them try to live their religion day by day.
If you have superior wisdom in your midst for your guidance, why do you not learn that fact, and permit yourselves to be guided by that wisdom in your business transactions as well as in doctrine?—for there is no dividing between matters spiritual and temporal. There is no act of a Latter-day Saint—no duty required—no time given, exclusive and independent of the Priesthood. Everything is subject to it, whether preaching, business, or any other act pertaining to the proper conduct of this life. It takes the whole man to make a Saint: there are no exceptions in "Mormonism." Learn so to think and direct your acts in every transaction of life, that we may overcome the evil that is sown within us. Overcome the inward enemy; then we can overcome the Devil's kingdom. And while others choose evil principles and build upon a foundation which leads to destruction, let us build upon the principles of eternal salvation, as we have striven to do all the day long.
We are a mystery and a stumbling-block to this generation. One man will say, "What a numbhead that Brigham Young is!" and another that "this people are dupes and fanatics;" and yet no man can controvert, with sound argument, the principles we advance. No society, political or religious, can cope with us in correct principles. In the opinion of some we are the most foolish people in the world, and in that of others we are the wisest. If this people live to the principles they have embraced, they will be capable of counselling the nations; for we build upon a just foundation, and our principles are truth, righteousness, and holiness. Let us stand by those principles until they crush out folly from these valleys, and we become teachers of wisdom to the nations. It would not require a great stretch of mind to teach them now, did duty require it. A man who has wisdom to control one wife and five children can control ten wives and one hundred children; then he can control a town, a city, a state, a nation, a kingdom, or the whole world.
Understand and practise those holy and just principles that reach to the comprehending of all wisdom, until the nations of the earth look to Zion for wise counsel. Whether it be in these mountains or elsewhere, and whether it be within ten years, or fifty years, or in one day, I will do all I can to prepare for the glory of Zion. I would build a good house here, had I the opportunity, though I knew I should not enjoy it five minutes. We intend to build a Temple in these mountains, and not act upon the principle of some who have been here ten years without a comfortable dwelling. I want the Elders of Israel to know how to lay the foundation of Zion.
I will now say a few words on business affairs. A road up Provo kanyon is much needed, and we want ten or twenty companies of labourers to go to work upon it forthwith, in order to finish it in about fifteen days, so that you can go into the valleys of the Weber, where there is plenty of timber.
I understand that a company has been chartered by the Legislative Assembly to make that road; and if those men will come forward, we will take the responsibility of making it. We shall need about five hundred labourers. I also want a mill-race dug some three-quarters-of-a-mile in length, and an excavation made for the foundation of a grist-mill. When that is done, we will plan something else for we want every one to have the privilege of being actively engaged in some useful occupation. We want men to labour in every mechanical pursuit that they can; for I believe that the time will come when we shall have to depend upon our own resources; and I pray the Lord to so hedge up the way and shut down the gate, that we may be compelled to depend upon our own manufacturing for the comforts of life.
Last spring I wanted to detect some spirits that I could not make manifest to the people, only in the course I then took. There are those who, when they know that they have liberty to act in a certain manner, do not care about moving in that direction; but if you say that they cannot or shall not, they are then very anxious to do so. That class reminds me of the Frenchman who loaned his money, and upon learning that the borrower was likely to fail, asked him when he could pay him. The answer was, "To-day, if you wish it." "Why, have you got it?" "Yes." "Oh, if you have got it, I do not want it; but if you have not got it, I want it very bad." With the exception of a short time during the late difficulties, all persons have always had the privilege of going away from here when they pleased, and have been repeatedly invited to do so, if they wished to; and a certain class did not avail themselves of the privilege: but when I said that they should not go until I gave them permission, we learned those spirits, and they have gone.
I want the clay well ground and well worked over. I want the pure in heart to receive their blessings, and to be free from the oppressions of the wicked.
God bless you, brethren and sisters! Amen.
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Students at KVC are provided with every opportunity to display their talents through the many Cultural and Arts activities that are an integral part of our school. They include drama, debating, public speaking, kapa haka, school productions, school orchestra, choir, Sheilah Winn Shakespeare festival, theatresports and many more.
Specialist and experienced teachers offer some really exciting initiatives. This has resulted in an increasing number of students showing an interest in studying Music, Drama and Visual Art with many going on to tertiary study or practice in the community.
Students wishing to learn how to play a musical instrument are able to do so, and the number who are confident to perform on stage is flourishing. Drama forms a regular part of the school curriculum and can be pursued to senior and Scholarship levels. Performance opportunities are created within the class, school productions, and talent quests.
Kaikorai Valley College has a wide array of activities that allow students to follow areas of passion in the Performing Arts. As well as learning a wide variety of musical instruments taught by itinerant music teachers, students can participate in a multitude of drama and performance activities.
Debating and public speaking are very much encouraged at the school and, likewise, form part of the regular curriculum. Speech contests are an annual feature.
We offer a large range of itinerant music lessons taught on a weekly basis by professional musicians and teachers who visit our school. The following are instruments students can learn while at Kaikorai Valley College:
Guitar, Drums, Bass, Voice, Violin, Viola, Cello, Double Bass, Flute, Clarinet, Saxophone, Trumpet, Cornet, Piano
- Orchestra and Chamber music groups
- Rock band and singer-songwriter groups
- Choral Music
- Talent Quest
- Theatre Games during lunchtimes
- School Production from Year 7-13
- Shakespeare Festival
- Wearable Arts Performances
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Samsung laser printers use toner cartridges, which unlike inkjet cartridges are larger and are filled with powder instead of ink. They also can contain metal, resin and other components that make them difficult for a traditional recycling centre to process. Throwing them away sends them to a landfill, where those potential toxins can leak into the topsoil. Samsung has a recycling program specifically targeted toward recycling and reusing every component of its cartridges. And best of all, Samsung pays for shipping.
- Skill level:
Other People Are Reading
Things you need
- Plastic bag
- Original cartridge packaging
Go to Samsung's cartridge recycling program website (see Resources). To return a small number of cartridges, you'll use the consumer portion of the page.
Type in your personal information, including your name and address, under "Register and request SmartLabel." If you don't want to receive promotional information from Samsung, uncheck the box under the text boxes. Click "Submit & Print Label" to print the label.
Wrap the Samsung laser cartridge in a plastic bag to avoid any leaking during transit, and put the cartridge in the original packaging if possible. Otherwise, put it in a similar-sized box. Tape the SmartLabel to the box, and drop it in any post office box.
- 20 of the funniest online reviews ever
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N-Acetyl L-Cysteine (400mg) is a powerful antioxidant that eliminates free radicals and neutralizes toxins. As a precursor to glutathione, another powerful antioxidant, N-Acetyl L-Cysteine promotes liver health and supports immune system function
Hawthorne Flower and Leaf Extract (300mg) dilates the coronary arteries, improving blood and oxygen supply to the heart. Hawthorne also strengthens the heart’s pumping ability, aiding cardiovascular function and efficiency.
Saw Palmetto (200mg) suppresses enlargement of the prostate and helps prevent the conversion of testosterone to DHT (dihydrotestosterone) via inhibition of 5alpha reductase, thereby combatting male hair loss.
Red Clover (100mg) supports cardiovascular healthy by improving blood circulation and increasing HDL (“good”) cholesterol. Red clover is believed to “purify” the blood since it exerts a diuretic-like effect in the body.
Celery Extract 4:1 (75mg) combats high blood pressure (hypertension) and offers some measure of liver protection due to its high phthalide content. Phthalides are volatile compounds present in celery responsible for the extract’s efficacy.
Grape Seed Extract (75mg) protects cells from free radical damage due to its high antioxidant and polyphenol content. Research also demonstrates that grape seed extract supports cardiovascular health by improving circulation.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://sportsnutritionauthority.net/shop/gear-support/
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I don't think many would argue that Oprah is one of the most well-known, and influential people on television. It seems like everything that Oprah endorses turns to gold. Dr. Phil's repeated appearances on Oprah's show launched his career by enabling him to start his own show, a book that is used in Oprah's book club will likely hit the top of the New York Times bestseller list (the case of 48 such books), and brands such as Dove have seen great sales increases from segments on Oprah's show. What makes Oprah such an influential person? We could say it is simply because of her show's high ratings and the fact that she is a household name, but I think that would only be part of the story. The influential power of her endorsements is also impacted by their structure, or LACK of structure. Oprah does not participate in structured brand integration deals, and technically does not participate in live commercials for the products in which she endorses. Oprah's endorsements are never scripted, giving her the flexibility and believability of improvisation. When Oprah talks about a product, charity, person, or book it doesn't seem like she is doing an advertisement, Oprah makes it seem as if she whole-heartedly believes in the person, group, or product in which she is endorsing, and that she is speaking about this product because she loves it not because she is getting paid to do so.
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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in file included from /usr/include/c++/4.0.0/backward/iostream.h:31,
/usr/include/c++/4.0.0/backward/backward_warning.h:32:2: warning: #warning This file includes at least one deprecated or antiquated header. Please consider using one of the 32 headers found in section 184.108.40.206 of the C++ standard. Examples include substituting the
header for the header for C++ includes, or instead of the deprecated header . To disable this warning use -Wno-deprecated.
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://myenigma.hatenablog.com/entry/20091209/1260341944
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We run an after school children’s yoga class on Tuesdays for children from 5 to 13 years old and their parent(s)/carer(s). It is a family atmosphere where adults join in with the children and older children interact with younger ones.
Why do Children’s Yoga?
Yoga helps children:
- Develop strength, co-ordination & flexibility
- Learn to find quiet
- Encourages creativity – a calm mind is a creative mind!
- Learn to listen to their bodies
- Become aware of their breath
- Builds emotional skills
- Encourages whole brain development
- Supports a child’s overall development
Yoga complements a child’s other chosen activities in sports, music and the arts by improving motor control, balance, breathing and whole-body awareness whilst stimulating creativity and encouraging emotional well-being.
- Age Group: 5 – 13 years
- Next Start Date: Tuesday 6th Sept 2022
- Class Time: 5.15 – 6.15 pm
- Course Duration: 7 consecutive weeks: 6, 13, 20, 27 Sept & 4, 11 Oct
- Venue: Congregational Church Hall, Hatton Gdns, Newark NG24 1TH
- How does it work? You will need to bring your own yoga mats. Aim to arrive 5 minutes early so that you have chance to settle.
- Cost: £60 (1 child & 1 adult), payable in advance (6 week block)
How the Classes Work:
Classes will follow sequences of movement incorporating classical yoga moves (asana) as well as:
- Games, yoga stories and pair-work
- Simple breathing exercises (pranayama)
- Guided relaxation
- Yoga Nidra techniques appropriate to children
We will build up to doing a long Yoga Nidra (about 12 minutes) at the end of each class.
If you do not have a yoga mat at home, please use a large towel to create a space to do your yoga practice.
How to Book:
To register for the next block please :: CLICK HERE :: to fill out a registration form. We will email you confirming course details and how to pay. We normally ask payment to be made by bank transfer.
If you have done yoga with us, you do not need to fill in another form. Simply email us on firstname.lastname@example.org to let us know you wish to book on.
Early booking is essential and payment must be made in advance. Please note that we cannot give credits for missed classes.
If you have any questions, please get in touch with Katie Greenfield on 07578 177445 or email email@example.com
- Sept/Oct: 6, 13, 20, 27 Sept & 4, 11 Oct 2022
- Nov/Dec: 1, 8, 22, 29 Nov & 6, 13 Dec 2022
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<urn:uuid:087e2750-3ac2-4c67-90a6-0dfc22a5a0fa>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.samyecentre.com/after-school-childrens-yoga/
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en
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Fortunately, most of the [Kennedy-Bush] reform proposals represent a very good deal for
There are three Mexican objections to the bill as it stands.
First, it has unduly harsh enforcement provisions at the border and the workplace, which will undoubtedly generate abuses and mistreatment. Still, if every Mexican in the
A second objectionable feature is the steep fines and fees in the Senate bill: up to $5,000. While this is not cheap, it’s also not much more than the “coyote” charges to smuggle a migrant across the border.
The last objection is more substantive; it is, in fact, a potential deal breaker.
Uh, Mr. Castaneda, I was under the impression that the bill was under consideration by the United States Senate. Under the Constitution,
The Senate voted last week to cut the number of guest worker slots to 200,000 from 400,000. The earlier figure would have allowed roughly the same number of workers who now cross illegally to obtain guest status. But if the final law has too few slots, it will not end illegal immigration, but simply perpetuate the status quo.
What’s good for
What's good for
By the way, here are three more interesting things about Castañeda that I only learned last year from Fredo Arias-King even though I read almost everything about Castaneda published in English back in 2000-2001, when he became Vicente Fox's foreign minister.
1. He is known in Mexican newspapers "as 'El Guero' ('the Blond One') for his fair complexion."
2. His Soviet mother was an employee of Stalin's government when his father met her.
In 2002, Bianca Vazquez Toness wrote in the
"His father, PRI member Jorge Castañeda de la Rosa, was once foreign minister. His mother, a Russian Jew and naturalized Mexican, met her husband while working as a translator at the U.N. in
His doctorate gave him clout upon returning to
3. Castaneda's chief advisor while he was Foreign Minister was his Soviet-born older half-brother, Ambassador-at-Large Andres Rozental, who is his mother's son by a previous marriage. Rozental personally advised
Isn't it remarkable how little the American press tells us about the men who have run
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://isteve.blogspot.com/2007/06/thats-reassuring.html
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The Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) issued ruling 2014-4 regarding which ingredients and processes used in the production of beer are to be subjected to formula requirements. Don’t worry, this will be helpful.
In this ruling, TTB exempts malt beverages made with certain ingredients, such as honey, certain fruits, certain spices and certain food ingredients, from the formula requirements of 27 CFR 25.55. TTB has also determined that certain processes such as aging beer in barrels that were previously used in the production or storage of wine or distilled spirits do not require formula approval.
TTB Ruling 2014-4 is effective immediately. Brewers with applications pending in Formulas Online for exempted products may withdraw these applications and proceed immediately to obtaining label approval (if required). As they come up for processing, TTB will reject any remaining pending and all new formulas applications for exempted products indicating that no analysis of the formula is required.
For quick reference check out Exempt Ingredients and Processes Determined to be Traditional Under TTB Ruling 2014-4.
TTB regulation 27 CFR 25.55 provides that a brewer must submit a formula for approval by TTB when the brewer intends to produce any fermented product that will be treated by any processing, filtration or other method of manufacture that is not generally recognized as a traditional process in the production of a fermented beverage designated as “beer,” “ale,” “porter,” “stout,” “lager,” or “malt liquor.”
Examples provided in the regulations
Brewers must file a formula for a fermented product using any of the following non-traditional processes:
- Removal of any volume of water from beer;
- Filtration of beer to substantially change the color, flavor, or character;
- Separation of beer into different components;
- Reverse osmosis;
- Concentration of beer; or
- Ion exchange treatments.
Brewers are NOT required to submit formulas for the following traditional processes:
- Filtration prior to bottling;
- Filtration in lieu of pasteurization;
- Centrifuging for clarity;
- Carbonation; or
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<urn:uuid:1aa6e7b1-d6d5-4229-ab3b-0792abfc43f7>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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https://www.craftbrewingbusiness.com/news/beer-ingredients-processes-exempt-ttb-formula-requirements/
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|
en
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NERC, Discos, Gencos, TCN Seal Deal On Compulsory Supply Of 5000mw Of Power From July 1
As Nigerians continue to contend with erratic power supply, the World Bank has said the country would need about $100 billion in the next 10 years to tackle the challenge which has defied all efforts by administrations since 1999.
However, as part of efforts to address the challenge in the power sector, the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission (NERC) yesterday said effective from July 1, 2022, there would be remarkable improvement in the nation’s power sector as market participants have committed in contracts to ensure the generation, transmission and distribution of 5000 megawatts (mw) of electricity in the country.
Commenting on the $100 billion needed by the country over the next 10 years, World Bank’s Regional Director for Infrastructure, Africa West and East of the global bank, Ashish Khanna, who spoke at a programme organised by The Electricity Hub, an organisation which provides insights on the sector, stated that a large chunk of the investment was expected to come from the private sector.
He added that Nigeria has the highest number of people without electricity worldwide, which has led to about four per cent loss of Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
Khanna said the issues of subsidy, gas-to-power as well as energy access would have to be sorted out before a headway can be achieved in the sector.
On a comparative basis, he noted that Ghana already has 85 per cent electricity access while Senegal was on its way to achieving 100 per cent access by 2025, stressing that Nigeria has all it takes to move from less than 50 per cent access to universal energy provision.
“Our estimation is that Nigeria will need at least $100 billion in the next 10 years, and it will be very difficult for government or the world Bank to plug that hole.
“And the private sector will do a lot of funding and will look out for whether the sector is financially viable. But they will ask ‘if I set up a plant, will they pay for it’? Is the policy and regulatory environment for the sector certain?” he said.
According to him, if the government gets the distribution side of the industry right, the private sector would be willing to come in. However, he added that Nigerians must begin to see improvement in supply, which is important for their buy-in.
He further revealed that the World Bank’s engagement in Nigeria is still largest by the organisation anywhere in the world, adding that the country remains an important development partner.
In his comments, the Minister of Power, Mr. Abubakar Aliyu, argued that the sector was now receiving more attention especially on infrastructure from generation, to transmission and distribution as well as the interfaces with gas producers.
He admitted that the sector hadn’t had enough focus in the past leading to decay, but said President Muhammadu Buhari was determined to upgrade the infrastructure because the country cannot move forward without it.
Aliyu said the Siemens project was on course, stressing that it is meant to take generation to 25,000 megawatts by 2025. He assured that between September to December, a number of infrastructure will be arriving from abroad.
He disclosed that the national grid remains unstable and wouldn’t take the other sources of planned energy, saying that therefore off-grid electricity was being planned in silos.
The minister further stated that the federal government was planning 14 projects which will give the country 1,000 megawatts with 10 state governors already collaborating for an additional 100 mw each to hit 2,000mw off-grid.
Declaring that Nigeria was also looking at newer sources of power like hydrogen, Aliyu explained that the current focus on solar is in line with the 30:30:30 vision to ensure that by year 3030, 30 per cent of Nigeria’s total power generation will be based on renewable sources.
He said the industry was undergoing reform, which he said will take time to manifest, insisting that comparing Nigeria with other countries like Senegal was fundamentally flawed because of size and other differences.
According to him, the Right of Way (RoW) issue had been a big challenge, taking years to resolve and halting some projects , which eventually will undergo variation because of delays.
“We want to raise our base-load to a level where we can later integrate these other energy sources,” he said, adding that the federal government was discussing with 14 solar developers to execute projects off-grid.
According to him, Nigeria’s biggest hydropower plants, Kainji and Jebba, could barely produce 130MW of power, despite having a combined installed capacity of around 1,300MW.
Also speaking, Country Director, World Bank, Shubham Chauduri, explained that as a development agency, the World Bank was committed to helping the government lift 100 million Nigerians out of poverty.
“So in the last two years, between 2020 and 2022, our board has approved $8.5 billion financing for Nigeria,” he said.
Beyond financing, he noted that officials of the bank also exchange ideas on how to get these things done, adding that the areas of power, human capital, domestic revenue mobilisation, among others remain very critical.
He noted that Nigeria needed to bring the missing pieces in the industry together, including the technical side, accountability , financing and regulatory clarity.
On top of the existing support , he stated that there’s another $1.5 billion for which approval has been given , plus the energy transition plan which could take another $2.5 billion,.
NERC, Discos, Gencos, TCN Seal Deal on Compulsory Supply 5000mw of Power from July 1
Meanwhile, NERC has said from July 1, 2022, there would be remarkable improvement in the nation’s power sector as market participants have committed in contracts to ensure the generation, transmission and distribution of 5000 megawatts (mw) of electricity in the country.
The commission also disclosed that the phase 1 of the National Mass Metering Programme (NMMP) where four million locally manufactured meters would be rolled out for customers would begin by the end of August this year.
The Chairman of NERC, Mr. Sanusi Garba, disclosed this yesterday during a media briefing in Lagos, saying the Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN), generation companies (Gencos) and distribution companies (Discos) have committed to sign contracts which mandates them to ensure that 5000wm generated was bought and paid for, and the gas for generation of that capacity is also paid for as and when due.
He said the contracts were part of the result of the ongoing reforms in the power sector which are being initiated and supported by the government, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and other stakeholders pushing for improvement in the nation’s electricity industry.
Garba said this was the first time market participants were coming together to commit to pay for energy produced by entering a contract to ensure payment or consequences for default.
Nigeria’s power sector has been enmeshed in multiplicity of challenges even after the privatisation of the distribution and generation aspcts of the sector in 2013, resulting in poor supply to Nigerians.
Grid collapse has become a regular occurrence in the sector with the power grid recording its latest collapse just a few days ago, throwing Nigerians in darkness, despite trillions of naira pumped into it by the government to improve its performance.
The country now barely delivers 2000mw power supply to its citizens, with the situation worsening the condition of living of Nigerians and jerking up cost of production.
Garba said this new development would lead to improved service delivery to consumers who require improvement in supply.
He said any of the parties in the deal that fails to play its part according to the terms of the contracts will receive the consequence, stressing that the targeted 5000mw will only be achieved when all parties comply.
He said, “So, what we are trying to do is, consumers require the service, the Discos should commit to buying this electricity from those who are generating it. Gencos that are generating the power must commit to buy the fuel to generate that electricity, and the only way it can be done and in a sustainable manner is if it is underpinned by contracts.
“And if any of the market participants defaults, then obviously, there will be consequences for not providing what you said you will do.
“That is the basic explanation of what we are doing which will take effect from first of July. So, we are going to start with 5000mw. Discos will commit to buy and Gencos will commit to generate and ensure that gas is there to provide this power by paying for gas. So, there will be no stories of I don’t have gas to produce.”
Garba also informed that apart from committing to deliver 5000mw on July 1, they would also see an opportunity to increase that contracted volumes from 5000 to 5,500 up to 7000mw.
This, he said, would make Nigerians to be able to see a trajectory of improvement in not just maintaining the targeted volume of power but to also ensure stability of supply and then assess if there is enough infrastructure to ramp up to 7000mw.
He assured categorically that power consumers woulf begin to see improvement in supply by “first of July”.
He said TCN has confirmed that it could deliver 5000mw and that even the Discos had successfully distributed 5000mw before but that they couldn’t continue delivering that 5000mw because of commercial reasons.
The NERC chair added, “So, the commission decided that this commercial issues militating against low distribution must be sorted out. For Nigerians to have 5000mw, there must be a commitment to buy 5000mw. That hasn’t happened before. This is the first time you have Discos committing to this.
“And the TCN will be committed to deliver that 5000mw. And we have identified power plants that will come and contract for the gas to deliver 5000mw. It hasn’t happened before.
“Now, the second leg is, will there be payments because a contract without payment doesn’t work? So, we have sat down working with the Discos, with everybody to ensure that there will be sufficient cash flow to undertake the contracts, because if I sign a contract to deliver gas to you and you default to pay for it, tomorrow, I will shut the power out.
“So what we are saying is, this is something that has been done to just steer back the market to a way it was designed to work in the first place.”
Also, the commission disclosed that the phase 1 of the National Mass Metering Programme (NMMP) where four million locally manufactured meters will be rolled out for customers will begin by the end of August this year.
It said about 45 local prepaid electricity meter manufacturers have submitted their bids and that the programme was still on the procurement stage.
|
<urn:uuid:50cf2ba7-aed0-4468-8cbf-2d3b0e318083>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://thelawyer.ng/nerc-discos-gencos-tcn-seal-deal-on-compulsory-supply-of-5000mw-of-power-from-july-1/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00269.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.967811
| 2,313
| 1.914063
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|
Understanding Business Models
Earlier in the semester, Professor Angelo Santinelli held a workshop around the concept of business models. A common problem entrepreneurs face is not knowing how to successfully create a good business model. Professor Santinelli shared insight on what a business model actually is, the different elements of the business model and how the business model canvas can be used to create a good business model.
The business model consists of two parts: the narrative and the numbers. The narrative is the description of the stakeholders in the venture, the needs and expectations that the venture seeks to satisfy, the value chain of the venture and the margin. The numbers part consists of the financial statements especially the profit and loss statement and how the finances set together to produce the desired results.
The four elements of a business model are Customer Value Proposition, Profit Formula, Key Resources and Key Processes:
• Customer Value Proposition consists of the target customer and how the venture’s product offering solves a problem being encountered by the target customer.
• The Profit formula consists of the financials especially the profit and loss statement and how the finances fit together to produce the desired results.
• Key Processes enable profitable, repeatable, scalable delivery of the customer value proposition. There are three sub-elements of the Key processes- norms, rules and metrics and the processes. The norms are the culture of the company and how it will approach channels and distributors. The rules and metrics are the credit terms, lead times, supplier terms and margin requirements of the business. The processes are the design and development, sourcing, manufacturing, lead times and supplier terms of the business.
• Key resources are the resources needed to deliver the customer value proposition profitably. These are the technology and equipment, the people, the channels, partnerships and the brand.
The feasibility analysis loop is a critical tool while using business model canvas in the business feasibility phase. There are four parts to the loop:
1. Problem/Solution fit: consists of questions such as “Is this a problem worth solving? Is it big enough/important enough? Is the target customer willing to pay?”
2. Product/Market fit: consists of questions such as “Is this a larger and/or growing market? Can the market be reached economically?”
3. Product/Industry & Competitive Fit: consists of questions such as “Are there barriers to entry or exit? Is rivalry fierce? Are there entrenched players?”
4. Product/Financial Fit: consists of questions such as “Is there sufficient margin to be made? What is the asset intensity required?”
The feasibility analysis loop helps the entrepreneur decide how good the business idea is.
This business model concept is essential for the success of the venture. Once this process is operationalized, it will give the venture a competitive advantage because the product/service is being constantly revised and updated to match the needs and wants of the target customer. As an entrepreneur, the skill to make a good business model is extremely useful to help determine success or failure.
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<urn:uuid:58dc3c75-8b3d-477c-9e9b-98315261c0cf>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://blogs.babson.edu/entrepreneurship/2012/11/26/understanding-business-models/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00670.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.923474
| 624
| 2.78125
| 3
|
English Grammar Test contains 1000+ grammar questions covering familiar day to day situations.
This is a 2 in 1 grammar app since it also offers you the possibility to learn the basics of English through its Learning section.
Grammar lessons such as tenses, articles, adjectives, adverbs, idioms and much more are present in this English grammar app.
Are you a competitive student ? For you we created Gold, Silver and Bronze Medal Achievements. 🙂
Just a sneak peek:
– Free beautiful designed grammar app;
– 1000+ English grammar questions;
– 20 tests with each test having 30 grammar questions;
– Bronze, Silver and Gold Medal achievements. Can you collect each Gold medal ?;
– English Grammar lessons;
– present simple;
– present continuous;
– past simple;
– past continuous;
– past perfect;
– grammatical gender;
– idioms > 20 popular idioms explained;
– nouns > common nouns, countable and uncountable nouns, collective nouns, proper nouns etc;
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<urn:uuid:19beb600-7fbb-44f6-be78-e825abe67cce>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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https://apk4free.net/english-grammar-pro/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00155-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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en
| 0.855052
| 222
| 2.09375
| 2
|
Brandy Matthews, MD
Dr. Matthews' areas of research interest include the clinical presentation of frontotemporal dementia and related disorders, social and emotional cognition in the context of neurodegenerative disorders, and the neuroscience of music. She is also interested in systematic assessment of education in neurobehavior across disciplines including neurology, psychiatry, and geriatric medicine.
She began her investigations as a neurology resident at Mayo Clinic under the supervision of Behavioral Neurologist Brad Boeve, MD. Her early research suggested that patients with very early frontotemporal dementia may have deficits in social cognition as evidenced by performance on "theory of mind" neuropsychological tests used in the study of autistic spectrum disorders. She was subsequently the recipient of a National Institutes on Aging training fellowship in dementia research and worked with Bruce Miller and colleagues at University of California San Francisco on the Program Project Grant "Frontotemporal Dementia: Genes, Images, and Emotions." This experience allowed her to secure independent funding from the GRAMMY Foundation for her project "MEANING: Musical Emotion and Affect Naming In NeurodeGeneration." Her data preliminarily suggests that understanding emotion in music may be preserved even as language degenerates as a consequence of dementia.
She continues to explore brain behavior relationships as a member of the Clinical Core of the Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Center (IADC) in an attempt to further efforts to diagnose frontotemporal dementia and related disorders earlier and more accurately. Likewise, as Associate leader of the IADC Education Core and Associate Program Director of the IU Neurology Residency Program, she has designed and implemented a behavioral neurology and dementia curriculum in an effort to better inform trainees and encourage them to pursue careers in behavioral neurology.
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<urn:uuid:7d370442-afa6-4415-968b-4ded3113f28e>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://iadc.medicine.iu.edu/about-us/iadc-faculty/brandy-matthews-md/
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en
| 0.940091
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| 1.648438
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- freely available
Nutrients 2013, 5(2), 396-410; doi:10.3390/nu5020396
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate health outcomes resulting from dietary supplementation of novel, low-digestible carbohydrates in the cecum and colon of Sprague-Dawley rats randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups for 21 days: 5% cellulose (Control), Pectin, soluble fiber dextrin (SFD), or soluble corn fiber (SCF). Rats fed Pectin had a higher average daily food intake, but no differences in final body weights or rates of weight gain among treatments were observed. No differences were observed in total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) or branched-chain fatty acid (BCFA) concentrations in the cecum and colon of rats fed either SFD or SCF. The SFD and SCF treatments increased cecal propionate and decreased butyrate concentrations compared to Control or Pectin. Pectin resulted in increased BCFA in the cecum and colon. Supplementation of SFD and SCF had no effect on cecal microbial populations compared to Control. Consumption of SFD and SCF increased total and empty cecal weight but not colon weight. Gut histomorphology was positively affected by SFD and SCF. Increased crypt depth, goblet cell numbers, and acidic mucin were observed in both the cecum and colon of rats supplemented with SFD, SCF, and Pectin. These novel, low-digestible carbohydrates appear to be beneficial in modulating indices of hindgut morphology when supplemented in the diet of the rat.
Dietary fiber as a promoter of healthy gut function and other health benefits is well recognized . However, most of the population of the United States consumes less than half the recommended concentration of dietary fiber daily . This has led to a demand for the development of novel carbohydrates that have functional properties similar to those of dietary fiber but that may be incorporated more easily into a wider array of solid and liquid food matrices.
One class of carbohydrates, low-digestible carbohydrates, is becoming popular as a food ingredient, not only due to their potential to improve both the physical and chemical properties of foods, but also due to possible health benefits associated with their consumption that are similar in nature to those of dietary fiber . Low-digestible carbohydrates are low molecular weight carbohydrates that resist hydrolytic activity of human digestive enzymes [4,5,6]. They pass into the colon where they are substrates for complete or partial fermentation by colonic microbiota. Fermentation results in short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) that provide colonic cells with energy and lower pH of luminal contents, stimulating a healthy environment for beneficial bacteria. Low-digestible carbohydrates also may beneficially impact the morphology of the gastrointestinal tract, especially through modulation of the mucosal layer. This layer is primarily composed of mucin glycoproteins synthesized and secreted by goblet cells that serve as a protective barrier for the epithelial cells . Modulation of the mucosal layer may positively or detrimentally affect this barrier and, thus, the health of the gastrointestinal tract.
Two novel, low-digestible carbohydrates are soluble fiber dextrin (SFD) and soluble corn fiber (SCF). Soluble fiber dextrin is an indigestible dextrin produced when corn starch is treated with heat and acid, and SCF is produced by isolating an oligosaccharide-rich fraction from corn syrup. Both of these novel, low-digestible carbohydrates are produced in such a way that branching and the number of α-1,6-glycosidic bonds are increased [8,9]. Soluble fiber dextrin and SCF have been reported to have a decreased in vitro hydrolytic digestion. Also, they attenuate glycemic and insulinemic responses and have reduced energy values . However, little research exists regarding these novel, low-digestible carbohydrates on indices of gut health.
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of supplementation of SFD and SCF on select indices of gut health. This was determined by measuring pH, SCFA concentrations, and microbial populations in the cecum and/or colon of rats. Total and empty cecal and colonic mass and crypt and goblet cell measurements also were taken to determine the impact of these low-digestible carbohydrates on gut morphology. It was hypothesized that SFD and SCF would enhance fermentative processes in the hindgut, positively affecting intestinal microbiota and exerting trophic effects on gut morphology.
2. Experimental Section
Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats (average initial weight, 174 ± 11 g; 6 weeks of age) were purchased from Harlan Laboratories, Inc. (Indianapolis, IN, USA). Rats were housed individually in stainless steel wire-bottom cages in a temperature and humidity controlled facility with 12 h light and dark cycles. Prior to the experiment, rats were fed for 7 days on an AIN-93G diet . Rats were given free access to water. All animal care procedures were approved by the University of Illinois Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee before initiation of the experiment.
2.2. Experimental Design and Treatments
Rats were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments (10 rats/treatment) after the adaptation period of 7 days. Rats were given free access to pelleted diets. Four dietary treatments were utilized in this study: a control diet that was the AIN-93G diet with 5% cellulose (Control), a positive control that consisted of the AIN-93G diet with 5% pectin (high-methoxy pectin, TIC Gums, White Marsh, MD, USA) substituted for cellulose (Pectin), a treatment that consisted of the AIN-93G diet with 5% soluble fiber dextrin (Nutriose, Roquette, Keokuk, IA, USA) substituted for cellulose (SFD), and a treatment that consisted of the AIN-93G diet with 5% soluble corn fiber (Promitor®, Tate & Lyle, Decatur, IL, USA) substituted for cellulose (SCF). All diets were prepared by Research Diets, Inc. (New Brunswick, NJ, USA). The ingredient and chemical composition of the diets is listed in Table 1. The duration of the study was 21 days. Food intake was determined daily and body weights were measured weekly.
|Item||Control||Pectin||SFD 1||SCF 2|
|Ingredient composition||% of diet|
|Mineral mix 3||3.50||3.50||3.50||3.50|
|Vitamin mix 4||1.00||1.00||1.00||1.00|
|Chemical composition||% of diet|
|Dry matter (DM)||90.6||90.4||89.1||89.6|
|% DM basis|
|Total dietary fiber||5.9||5.3||2.0||2.2|
|Acid hydrolyzed fat||6.9||6.9||7.0||7.0|
|Gross energy, kcal/g||4.7||4.7||4.7||4.7|
1 Soluble fiber dextrin; 2 Soluble corn fiber; 3 Mineral mix = AIN-93G-MX. Mineral (g/kg): Calcium carbonate, 357.00; Potassium phosphate, 196.00; Potassium citrate, 70.78; Sodium chloride, 74.00; Potassium sulfate, 46.60; Magnesium oxide, 24.00; Ferric citrate, 6.06; Zinc carbonate, 1.65; Sodium meta-silicate, 1.45; Manganous carbonate, 0.63; Cupric carbonate, 0.30; Chromium potassium sulfate, 0.28; Boric acid, 0.08; Sodium fluoride, 0.06; Nickel carbonate, 0.03; Lithium chloride, 0.02; Sodium selenate, 0.01; Potassium iodate, 0.01; Ammonium paramolybdate, 0.008; Ammonium vanadate, 0.007; Powdered sucrose, 221.03; 4 Vitamin mix = AIN-93G-VX. Vitamin (mg/kg) (except as noted): Nicotinic acid, 3.00; Ca pantothenate, 1.60; Pyridoxine, 0.70; Thiamin, 0.60; Riboflavin, 0.60; Folic acid, 0.20; Biotin, 0.02; Vitamin B12, 2.50; Vitamin E (500 IU/g), 15.00; Vitamin A (500,000 IU/g), 0.80; Vitamin D3 (400,000 IU/g), 0.25; Vitamin K, 0.08; Powdered sucrose, 974.65.
2.3. Sample Collection
On day 21, rats were euthanized by placement in a CO2 chamber. A ventral midline incision then was made and the cecum and colon were removed. Immediately after removal, cecum and colon with contents were weighed to determine total weight. pH of cecal and colonic contents was taken using a Beckman pH meter and electrode (Beckman Instruments, Inc., Fullerton, CA, USA). Aliquots of cecal and colon contents then were taken for DM, SCFA, and microbiota analysis. The SCFA aliquots were acidified with 5 mL 2 N HCl before storing at −20 °C. The aliquot for microbial analysis was sealed in a sterile cryovial, snap frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at −80 °C. No colonic contents were collected for microbiota analysis due to insufficient amounts of colonic digesta.
Following removal of the appropriate samples, the tissues were cleaned with water, blotted dry, and weighed to determine empty cecum and colon weights. Total cecal and colonic contents were calculated as total tissue weight with contents minus empty tissue weight. Cecal and colonic tissue from rats was collected and fixed in phosphate buffered formalin for histomorphological analysis.
2.4. Chemical Analysis
Diet samples were analyzed for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) , Leco N , acid hydrolyzed fat (AHF) [13,14], and gross energy (GE) (Parr Instrument Co., Moline, IL, USA). Diet samples also were analyzed for total dietary fiber (TDF) content . All procedures were performed in duplicate. To maintain quality control during chemical analysis, the error between duplicate samples was determined and, if it exceeded 5%, the assay was repeated. Fresh cecal and colonic contents were analyzed for DM and pH (as indicated above), and SCFA using gas chromatography . Briefly, acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, isovalerate, and valerate concentrations were determined on the supernatant of acidified cecal and colonic contents using a Hewlett-Packard 5890A Series II gas chromatograph (Palo Alto, CA, USA) and a glass column packed with 10% SP-1200/1% H3PO4 on 80/100+ mesh Chromosorb WAW (Supelco, Bellefonte, PA, USA).
2.5. Microbial Analysis
Microbial populations were analyzed using methods described by Middelbos et al. with minor modifications. Cecal digesta DNA was extracted from freshly collected samples that had been stored at −80 °C until analysis, using the repeated bead beater method described by Yu and Morrison followed by a QIAamp DNA stool mini kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA, USA) according to manufacturer’s instructions. Extracted DNA was quantified using a NanoDrop ND-1000 spectrophotometer (Nano-Drop Technologies, Wilmington, DE, USA). Escherichia coli, the Bifidobacterium genus, and the Lactobacillus genus were quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and specific primers. Amplification was performed for each bacterial group within each sample according to the procedures of Deplancke and co-workers . For amplification, 10 μL final volume containing 5 μL of 2× SYBR Green PCR Master Mix (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA), 15 pmol of the forward and reverse primers of the bacteria of interest, and 5 ng of extracted cecal DNA were used. Pure cultures of each bacterium were used to create serial dilutions in triplicate of the targeted bacterial genus to obtain standard curves. Bacterial DNA was extracted from each dilution and amplified along with cecal DNA samples using a Taqman ABI PRISM 7900HT Sequence Detection System (Applied BioSystems, Foster City, CA, USA). Colony forming units (cfu) of each standard curve serial dilution were determined previously by plating on specific agars. E. coli was grown on Luria-Bertani medium, Lactobacillus on Difco Lactobacilli MRS broth (Becton, Dickenson, and Co., Sparks, MD, USA), and Bifidobacterium on Difco Reinforced Clostridial Medium (Becton, Dickenson, and Co., Sparks, MD, USA). Cycle threshold values were plotted against the standard curves for quantification (cfu/g cecal contents) of the targeted bacterial DNA from cecal samples.
2.6. Cecal and Colonic Histomorphology
Cecal and colonic sections from each rat were embedded in a paraffin block, sliced into 5 µm thick sections using a microtome, and stained. One set of slides was stained with alcian blue (AB) and periodic acid Shiff and counterstained with hematoxylin for determining crypt depth, goblet cell numbers, and mucin (acidic and neutral) components. Another set of slides was stained with high iron diamine (HID) and AB to determine sulfated and sialylated mucins; subtypes of acidic mucins. Slides were prepared and stained at the Department of Veterinary Biosciences Histology Laboratory, University of Illinois. Crypt depth, goblet cell counts, and mucin composition measurements were attempted on a minimum of 15 crypts per section. Data are presented as the average number of stained goblet cells per crypt. Digital images of tissues and measurements were taken using Axiovision LE software and an AxioCam MRc5 (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany).
2.7. Statistical Analyses
Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA). The model contained the fixed effect of diet and the random effect of rat. Differences among treatments were determined using a Fisher-protected least significant difference test with a Tukey adjustment to control for experiment-wise error. Reported pooled standard errors of the mean (SEM) were determined according to the Mixed Models procedure of SAS. Significant differences were accepted at a probability of P < 0.05.
3.1. Diet Composition, Body Weight, and Food Intake
Dietary treatments were similar in DM, OM, CP, AHF, and GE composition (Table 1). Total dietary fiber concentrations were lower for the SFD and SCF diets because the TDF method used does not fully quantify low-molecular weight dietary fibers like SFD and SCF. The complete carbohydrate composition of SFD and SCF is presented in Knapp et al. .
Daily food intake, final body weights, and rate of weight gain are presented in Table 2. Initial body weights of the rats were similar among the groups (avg. 178.4 g) and, after 21 days on the experimental diets, the final body weights and rate of weight gain did not differ significantly. Daily food intake was approximately 16.5 g/day, with rats fed the Pectin diet having a higher (P < 0.05) daily food intake.
|Control||Pectin||SFD 1||SCF 2||SEM 3|
|Daily food intake, g/day||16.5 a||17.4 b||16.1 a||15.9 a||0.26|
|Initial body weight, g||178.2||178.8||179.3||177.4||2.09|
|Final body weight, g||314.6||323.8||327.4||318.5||6.01|
|Rate of weight gain, g/day||4.6||4.9||5.0||4.5||0.22|
1 Soluble fiber dextrin; 2 Soluble corn fiber; 3 Pooled SEM; a,b Means in the same row with different superscript letters are different (P < 0.05).
3.2. Cecal and Colonic Weight, pH, and Dry Matter Content
Total weight, empty weight, and pH values for cecum and colon are presented in Table 3. Total weight of the cecum was dramatically increased (P < 0.05) as a result of consumption of SFD and SCF. However, this effect was not noted in the colon where all treatments resulted in a similar total colon weight. Empty cecal weight was increased (P < 0.05) compared with the Control as a result of Pectin, SFD, and SCF consumption, with values for the latter two fibers being higher than that for Pectin. Empty colonic weight was unaffected by diet. Cecal and colonic pH values were lowered (P < 0.05) by SFD and SCF. Dry matter of cecal contents was greatest for Control and SCF, intermediate for SFD, and smallest for Pectin (P < 0.05). Colon content (% DM) did not differ among dietary treatments and it was quite variable as depicted by the large SEM.
|Control||Pectin||SFD 1||SCF 2||SEM 3|
|Total weight, g|
|Cecum||3.1 a||4.0 a||6.7 b||6.2 b||0.38|
|Empty weight, g|
|Cecum||0.9 a||1.2 b||1.6 c||1.3 c||0.08|
|Cecal pH||6.9 b||6.7 b||5.9 a||6.0 a||0.10|
|Colon pH||6.9 b||6.9 b||6.2 a||6.1 a||0.14|
|Cecal content, % DM||21.8 c||15.0 a||18.5 b||22.1 c||1.05|
|Colon content, % DM||31.3||28.4||28.4||33.9||6.77|
1 Soluble fiber dextrin; 2 Soluble corn fiber; 3 Pooled SEM; a,b,c Means in the same row with different superscript letters are different (P < 0.05).
Histomorphology data collected on rat cecum and colon are presented in Table 4.
|Control||Pectin||SFD 1||SCF 2||SEM 3|
|Crypt depth, μm||164.6 a||210.6 b||208.8 b||201.5 b||5.46|
|Goblet cells (n) per crypt|
|Total||12.6 a||20.1 b||19.8 b||19.3 b||1.48|
|Acidic mucin||7.1 a||14.2 b||13.9 b||12.5 b||1.22|
|Mucin (n) per crypt|
|Crypt depth, µm||216.5 a||257.5 b||245.4 b||242.7 b||7.94|
|Goblet cells (n) per crypt|
|Total||15.8 a||25.0 b||23.9 b||24.3 b||1.36|
|Acidic mucin||11.5 a||21.4 b||19.4 b||20.1 b||1.28|
|Mucin (n) per crypt|
|Sulfomucins||6.6 a||13.3 b||10.5 b||10.9 b||1.00|
1 Soluble fiber dextrin; 2 Soluble corn fiber; 3 Pooled SEM; a,b Means in the same row with different superscript letters are different (P < 0.05); (n) = the average number of stained goblet cells per crypt.
Crypt depth in both cecum and colon was increased (P < 0.05) in rats fed the Pectin, SFD, and SCF compared with Control. A similar pattern for goblet cell number was noted. In both cecum and colon, supplementation of Pectin, SFD, and SCF increased (P < 0.05) goblet cell numbers compared to Control.
The majority of goblet cells found in both cecum and colon crypts were found to be comprised of acidic mucin, and increased (P < 0.05) acidic mucins were found in rats fed Pectin, SFD, and SCF. These were found concentrated towards the bottom of the crypts. No goblet cells composed of only neutral mucin were observed in cecal or colonic crypts for any treatment; however, goblet cells comprised of a mixture of both acidic and neutral mucins were observed. These cells stained purple, indicating that both types of mucins were present . No differences between cecum and colon or among dietary treatments were observed for mixed goblet cells. Fermentable substrates resulted in more sulfomucins relative to Control in colon but not in cecum.
3.4. Microbial Concentrations
No differences among treatments were noted in cecal concentrations of Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., or Escherichia coli (data not shown). Average concentration values across treatments for these microbiota were 9.7, 11.4, and 11.7 log10 cfu/g cecal DM, respectively.
3.5. Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids
Fermentative end-product concentrations in cecal and colonic contents are presented in Table 5. Pectin resulted in increased (P < 0.05) acetate concentrations in cecal contents compared to the other treatments. Propionate concentrations were highest (P < 0.05) for SFD, with SCF and Pectin having lower (P < 0.05) concentrations. Cecal concentrations of butyrate were lowest (P < 0.05) for the SFD and SCF treatments. Pectin supplementation resulted in the highest (P < 0.05) total cecal SCFA concentration among treatments. Supplementation of SFD and SCF resulted in similar total SCFA when compared to the Control diet.
Cecal isobutyrate, valerate, and total BCFA concentrations were lower (P < 0.05) with supplementation of both SFD and SCF compared to either Control or Pectin treatments. Isovalerate concentrations were lower (P < 0.05) for the SFD and SCF treatments compared to Pectin. Pectin resulted in the highest (P < 0.05) cecal concentrations of total BCFA for all dietary treatments.
Colonic SCFA concentrations were lower overall compared to those in cecal contents. Acetate and total SCFA concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) for the Pectin treatment compared to the SCF treatment. Soluble fiber dextrin resulted in higher (P < 0.05) propionate concentrations compared to Control. Similarly to cecal SCFA, butyrate concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) for the Pectin and Control treatments compared to SFD and SCF treatments.Concentrations of BCFA were lower in the colon compared to concentrations in the cecum. Pectin resulted in higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of isobutyrate than did SFD. Isovalerate concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) for Pectin compared to Control and SCF. Pectin resulted in the highest (P < 0.05) concentrations of valerate and total BCFA compared with the other treatments.
|Control||Pectin||SFD 1||SCF 2||SEM 3|
|Cecal SCFA, µmol/g 4|
|Acetate||192.3 a||460.9 b||206.8 a||171.6 a||20.46|
|Propionate||53.0 a||88.1 b||113.5 c||90.4 b||6.33|
|Butyrate||52.8 b||60.2 b||13.6 a||14.0 a||5.15|
|Total SCFA||298.2 a||609.2 b||333.9 a||276.0 a||26.17|
|Cecal BCFA, µmol/g 4|
|Isobutyrate||4.5 b||5.3 b||2.7 a||2.2 a||0.44|
|Isovalerate||4.6 a,b||5.6 b||4.0 a||3.5 a||0.35|
|Valerate||5.0 b||8.1 c||1.5 a||1.9 a||0.41|
|Total BCFA||14.1 b||19.0 c||8.2 a||7.6 a||1.04|
|Colonic SCFA, µmol/g 4|
|Acetate||118.1 a,b||214.9 b||100.7 a,b||81.7 a||29.94|
|Propionate||29.7 a||50.8 a,b||73.9 b||34.1 a,b||11.09|
|Butyrate||30.3 b||43.6 b||6.7 a||6.3 a||5.86|
|Total SCFA||178.8 a,b||309.1 b||180.9 a,b||121.7 a||42.70|
|Colonic BCFA, µmol/g 4|
|Isobutyrate||2.3 a,b||3.3 b||1.2 a||1.6 a,b||0.45|
|Isovalerate||2.3 a||4.5 b||3.0 a,b||2.2 a||0.54|
|Valerate||2.4 a||4.9 b||0.9 a||1.3 a||0.55|
|Total BCFA||6.9 a||12.8 b||5.0 a||5.0 a||1.43|
1 Soluble fiber dextrin; 2 Soluble corn fiber; 3 Pooled SEM; 4 Values are expressed on a dry matter basis; a,b,c Means in the same row with different superscript letters are different (P < 0.05).
Rats consuming the SCF diet developed diarrhea soon after starting the treatment, but did not significantly decrease food intake or lose weight. Consumption of Pectin and SFD also resulted in looser stools by the end of the study, but not to the extent experienced by rats fed SCF. The % DM of the cecal and colon contents is reflective of the last day of experiment, which agrees with the fecal consistency observation. Weaver et al. supplemented SCF and SFD to rats at 10% of the diet and found that they also developed loose stools. The test carbohydrates then were reduced to 5% dietary concentration and loose stools persisted, as was the case in the current study. Low-digestible carbohydrates such as SCF and SFD can result in tolerance issues such as diarrhea when consumed for a period of time [22,23,24].
Weaver et al. also found that supplementation with SCF, SFD, and other novel fibers increased cecum weight compared to cellulose. In that study, supplementation of 4% SCF and SFD resulted in a cecum weight of 5.58 g, similar to what was found in the current study (cecal weight of 6.15 g and 6.72 g, respectively). Other research has demonstrated that ingestion of low-digestible carbohydrates resulted in increased cecum weights of rats [25,26,27,28]. The increased cecal weight likely is due to increased epithelial cell proliferation from the trophic effects of SCFA . The major differences in organ weights were noted only for cecum and not for colon. This is probably due to the fact that the major site of fermentation for rodents is the cecum and not the colon as in humans. The decreased cecal pH is due to increased SCFA production at that site. Even though an increase in SCFA production was not always followed by a decrease in pH, this could potentially be a result of the production of lactic acid (not measured in this study) that would lead to pH change, but would not be accounted for in the total SCFA production.
Increased crypt depth as a result of dietary supplementation of low-digestible carbohydrates is a beneficial morphological effect. The crypts contain intestinal stem cells, the principal site of cell proliferation in the intestinal mucosa, and increased depth is associated with increased rate of turnover of intestinal mucosal cells [30,31]. Several studies have shown that pectin and other dietary fibers increase crypt depth throughout the intestinal tract [31,32,33]. However, pectin has been reported to simultaneously increase crypt depth and decrease villus height of the small intestine .
The increase in goblet cells per crypt may have a positive impact on gut health by increasing the thickness of the mucous layer of the large bowel. Other studies have reported increased goblet cell numbers in rats fed fermentable fibers including fructans and galactooligosaccharides [31,34,35,36,37]. Acidification of large intestinal contents is postulated to stimulate mucus synthesis and secretion and could perhaps explain the increased numbers of goblet cells with the dietary treatments tested in this experiment. It has been suggested that acidic mucins protect against bacterial translocation because sulfated mucins (sulfomucins) in particular appear to be less degradable by bacterial glycosidases and host proteases . Rats fed diets supplemented with low-digestible, inulin-type fructans have been shown to modulate mucins in the intestinal tract by increasing acidic mucins, especially the protective sulfomucins [31,36,40]. Alterations in the mucosal architecture and amounts of sulfomucins and sialomucins could have important effects on the gut mucosal barrier and health maintenance of the gut. Sulfomucins or sialomucins were found in both the cecal and colonic crypts. In the cecum, no differences among dietary treatments were observed. However, for the colonic crypts, diets supplemented with Pectin, SFD, and SCF had higher numbers of sulfomucins compared with Control.
Soluble corn fiber has been shown to affect microbial concentrations in vitro. Maathuis et al. reported a 2-fold increase in Bifidobacterium spp. using SCF in a validated dynamic computer-controlled in vitro model of the human proximal large intestine (TIM-2), where soluble corn fiber was fermented for 36 h, with a feeding rate of 10 g of test substrate per 24 h period. A bifidogenic response also was found in a human in vivo study where healthy men were supplemented with 21 g/day of SCF for 21 days . This dose of SCF was found to increase (P < 0.05) fecal concentrations of Bifidobacterium spp. compared with the non-fiber control (from 6.9 log10 cfu/g to 8.2 log10 cfu/g), but did not have any effect on Lactobacillus spp. or Escherichia coli populations. Pasman et al. found that neither 30 nor 45 g/day of SFD increased Lactobacillus spp. in feces compared with a maltodextrin control in a human study. Neither carbohydrate affected microbiota concentrations in rat cecum, indicating potential differences in responses due to experimental design such as in vivo vs. in vitro model, species, dose of test substrates, and fermentation period.
The lack of difference between SFD and SCF as regards cecal SCFA compared to Control may be due to the increased cecal volume of rats consuming SFD and SCF, thus leading to a dilution effect for SCFA in cecal contents. Colonic SCFA concentrations were lower than those observed for cecal SCFA production. However, a similar pattern was observed, with Pectin treatment showing greater SCFA production. Small but similar amounts of colonic contents were found for all dietary treatments; thus, few differences among treatments were observed. The Control resulted in higher (P < 0.05) butyrate concentrations compared to SFD and SCF. The cecum is the main fermentative organ for the rat; therefore, a higher production of SCFA is to be expected at this site when compared to the colon.
Neither of the novel, low-digestible carbohydrates were butyrogenic in contrast to Control and Pectin treatments. Weaver et al. found a similar response to SCF and SFD in cecal SCFA concentrations in rats. The supplemental SCF and SFD did not increase butyrate concentrations compared to a cellulose control when supplemented at 4% of the diet. Stewart et al. found that supplementation of 12 g/day SFD and SCF to human subjects resulted in no differences in fecal SCFA concentrations compared with a maltodextrin control. Soluble corn fiber has been supplemented at 21 g/day to human subjects and, similar to results with rats, fecal butyrate concentrations were not increased compared with a control .
In general, colonic BCFA concentrations for Control rats were similar to those for rats fed SFD and SCF. However, as regards cecal BCFA concentrations, Control tended to result in higher concentrations than did SFD and SCF. Overall, for both cecal and colonic BCFA, Pectin had higher values than did the other dietary treatments. Pectin increases the viscosity of digesta, which could decrease crude protein digestion, resulting in higher quantities of amino acids reaching the cecum and colon where they would be fermented, thus producing BCFA [45,46].
Although this research provides valuable information on the fermentative behavior and on the potential beneficial effects of SFD and SCF in gut health, a limitation of this study is that the cecum is the major fermentative site in the rat, whereas in humans it is the colon. Furthermore, in this study these substrates were incorporated into a semi-purified diet, which differs from how these products may be consumed by humans. Also, results observed from SFD and SCF are dependent on the brand of each fiber source used herein; therefore, outcomes might vary when using different sources of SFD and SCF.
In summary, SFD and SCF both resulted in extensive fermentation in the cecum of rats. Dietary supplementation at the 5% level of the diet resulted in tolerance issues (loose stools) for the Pectin, SFD, and SCF treatments, but this did not affect food intake, body weight, or rate of weight gain. Diets containing SFD and SCF resulted in total cecal SCFA concentrations similar to those of Control diet. In general, Pectin resulted in higher concentrations of BCFA in cecal and colonic contents compared to SFD and SCF. Even though SFD and SCF did not result in increased butyrate concentrations, they nevertheless resulted in positive effects on cecal and colonic histomorphology.
In conclusion, SFD and SCF have the potential to beneficially impact large bowel morphology. Both of these low-digestible carbohydrates increased cecal weight, increased cecal and colonic crypt depths, and had a positive effect on goblet cells and mucin composition. Even though SFD and SCF were fermented in the hindgut of rats, they do not appear to be butyrogenic or bifidogenic in the rat. Future research is warranted to determine the optimal dietary supplementation level of SFD and SCF to minimize tolerance issues and to still provide beneficial effects on gut histomorphology important for maintenance of the gut health.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
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At a glance
- Originator Central Drug Research Institute
- Class Antiparasitics; Quinolines; Small molecules
- Mechanism of Action Undefined mechanism
Orphan Drug Status
Orphan designation is assigned by a regulatory body to encourage companies to develop drugs for rare diseases.
On Fast track
Fast track status is assigned by the US FDA so therapies with the potential to address unmet needs can move faster through development.
Highest Development Phases
- Discontinued Malaria
Most Recent Events
- 28 Sep 2000 Discontinued-I for Malaria in India (Unknown route)
- 28 Sep 1993 Phase-I clinical trials for Malaria in India (Unknown route)
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Also included in
- This is an easy-to-use, print-and-go short story unit bundle that is perfect for your middle school or high school classroom! With challenging activities, teacher annotations, in-depth discussion questions, comprehensive unit tests, and more, this bundle is a rigorous, comprehensive look at FOUR tri$27.00$34.25Save $7.25
- These Nine Short Stories included in this bundle are perfect for your middle school classroom! Incorporating more short stories into your curriculum can result in higher student engagement, increased proficiency in citing and justifying textual evidence, and more complex analysis just to name a few!$52.00$67.75Save $15.75
This PRINT and DIGITAL resource for Shirley Jackson's "The Lottery" includes EVERYTHING you need to teach this exciting and shocking short story! Six engaging activities, teacher notes, vocabulary word wall, essay question, and a complete unit test! Perfect for middle school and even high school students.
Students will use Jackson’s shocking story, “The Lottery” to evaluate vocabulary, participate in a plot prediction activity, analyze characters’ perspectives of tradition and behavior, work closely with various themes, and determine how setting can have an emotional effect on the reader and set the mood for the plot. In addition, students will identify why an author chooses to use suspense and foreshadowing and what that effect has on the story. Detailed teacher notes are provided that are sure to spark students’ discussion, including some intriguing background on Jackson herself and how she created “The Lottery.” A critical thinking Response to Literature question and a unit test are also included in the resource.
**THIS RESOURCE IS A PART OF A LARGER, SHORT STORY BUNDLE. SAVE OVER 20% BY PURCHASING THE BUNDLE BY CLICKING HERE! Our Short Story Bundle includes "The Most Dangerous Game," "Gift of the Magi," "The Necklace," and "The Lottery."**
INCLUDED IN THIS UNIT:
• Instructions for Use:
Detailed instructions that walk you through exactly how to implement this unit in your classroom.
• "The Lottery" Poster:
To be hung up around your classroom in the week/days leading up to your introduction of the unit to get students excited about the story and making inferences!
• Vocabulary Word Wall Cards:
Includes 11 integral vocabulary cards with definitions to be hung up in your classroom and referenced throughout the reading.
• Vocabulary Preview Activity:
Students work with synonyms to gain further understanding of vocabulary words from "The Lottery." Additionally, students work to create groups of these vocabulary words and their relationships to one another.
• Popcorn Predictions Activity:
Introduce students to the short story in an exciting way with this predictions activity! Get students up and walking around and making inferences before you even begin reading.
• Teacher Notes:
Because we are unable to provide you with a complete version of the text (due to copyright law), we have included detailed teacher notes, including descriptions of characters, plot, symbols, etc. to help you more effectively teach this short story. No more searching online for an in-depth look at the text!
• Setting Activity:
Students work with the social environment and irony of the text with this activity, using evidence from the short story to support their claims.
• Traditions and Behavior Activity:
Students write from the perspectives of two characters from the story to answer interview-like questions.
• Suspense and Foreshadowing Activity:
Because "The Lottery" is filled with contrasts, students will prove that the author sets the reader up for false expectations through this activity.
• Focusing on Theme Activity:
Students work closely with the text to identify various themes and support their claims with justification.
• Final Unit Test:
A 30-question test with answer key has been included. Vocabulary questions, matching characters to who spoke each quote, and true or false questions.
• Essay Question:
As an additional or even alternative assessment, we've included an essay question that requires students to write a persuasive essay / response to literature. We've included the essay question in two different formats for you. One is just the essay question by itself, while the second is the essay question with a detailed outline for students to follow meant to help them organize their thoughts.
• Essay Rubric:
Finally, we've included an easy-to-use rubric to make the essay grading process easier for you!
*PLEASE NOTE: Due to copyright law, this resource DOES NOT include the text for the short story, "The Lottery."
We sincerely hope you enjoy this unit as our students have! If you have any questions at all, please feel free to email us.
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Vendor Cancel filter
Objectives of training: The course will introduce participants to several cyber security domains, both organizational and technical in nature, and will provide them with knowledge necessary for succeeding in the ...
To introduce business-oriented staff with current developments in ICT world as a current and future trends. The training also contains current ICT terminology..
The course covers basic techniques, tools and approaches used for identification and analysis of different types of malicious code, discovery of its main functionalities and implementation of relevant defensive ...
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UC Health Radiation Therapist Wins Unsung Hero Award
Published June 2011
Shameka Williams always knew she wanted to work in medicine and help people. Being a doctor didn’t seem like the right fit—the long-term training was just too much.
She found her calling as a radiation therapist.
Now nearly eight years into her career—at the youthful age of 28—Williams serves as chief radiation therapist at the UC Health Barrett Cancer Center where she oversees a staff of seven therapists who work side-by-side with the radiation oncologists and physicists who provide care at the Clifton outpatient facility.
"I get a lot of joy out of what I do,” says Williams, who recently won Cancer Family Care’s Unsung Heroes Oncology Professional Award for her dedication to outstanding patient care.
The Unsung Heroes program celebrates "acts of quiet heroism performed by cancer patients and the people who care for them.” This year drew nearly 40 nominations in four categories: patient, caregiver, oncology professional and volunteer.
William Barrett, MD, chair of radiation oncology at UC and medical director for the Barrett Cancer Center, nominated Williams.
"Shameka goes beyond a job description and works so hard for others every day. She shows our patients that they are very much cared about and helps put them at ease during a stressful time,” says Barrett.
In addition to direct patient care, Williams enjoys mentoring students who rotate through radiation therapy about how to work with patients in a professional yet compassionate way.
"Cancer is a disease we are fighting together, but as professionals we need to know where to stop. I tell students that we can encourage and support patients, but there must be appropriate checks and balances,” she reflects.
The outcome isn’t always positive, but Williams says she does everything possible to lift patients’ spirits during treatment and show them that there is a caring medical team behind them.
"I get so much satisfaction out of seeing patients come back to report positive news—whether it is that they are now cancer free or that they are able to eat solid foods again, ” says Williams.
Williams received her associate’s degree in applied science from UC. She enjoys spending time with her husband, Gianni, and daughters, Asya, 7, and Gianna, 3.
To learn more about radiation oncology at UC Health, visit ucphysicans.com.
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By Alicia H. Munnell
Alicia Munnell, the director of the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College, is a weekly contributor to “Encore.”
One could have hoped that the nation would come through this electoral season with only a nod to the desire to fix Social Security’s modest financing shortfall as quickly as possible. Alas, that is not to be! Instead, Governor Perry and others have big plans for fundamentally changing the nation’s primary retirement program. The Governor points to the plan adopted in Galveston and two other Texas counties as a model. These plans guarantee a base level of interest on retirement contributions and allow employees some additional returns when the market goes up. The problem with the Galveston-type approach is that Social Security’s “legacy costs” – costs associated with paying benefits in excess of contributions to early generations of retirees – increase for those workers who remain in the system.
The 1935 Social Security Act set up a plan that bore a much stronger resemblance to a private insurance plan than to the system we know today. The legislation called for the accumulation of a trust fund and stressed the principal of a fair return. The 1939 amendments, however, fundamentally changed the nature of the program. They tied benefits to average earnings over a minimum period of coverage, and thus broke the link between lifetime contributions and benefits. As a result, early cohorts received windfall returns on their contributions.
The story of Ida May Fuller is an extreme example. Ms. Fuller had worked under Social Security for less than three years when she became the first person to claim monthly benefits. She died at the age of 100, after receiving benefits for 35 years. She clearly enjoyed an extraordinary rate of return on her contributions to the system.
Virtually all observers agree that the decision to provide full benefits to early cohorts was a wise one. Many of these people had fought in World War I and had endured the economic devastation of the Great Depression. Poverty rates among older people were at unacceptably high levels. Moreover, the recession of 1937 followed rapidly after the introduction of the Social Security system, making the accumulation of a substantial surplus undesirable on fiscal policy grounds.
The benefits paid to the early retirees did not come for free, however. If earlier cohorts had received only the benefits that could have been financed by their contributions plus interest, trust fund assets would be much larger than they are today. The assets in that larger fund would earn interest and that interest would cover a substantial part of the cost of benefits for today’s workers. Without it, payroll taxes must be substantially higher.
To see the impact of having, in essence, given away the trust fund, compare the cost of a funded and a pay-as-you-go system. Assuming the Social Security Trustees’ real interest rate of 2.9 percent, the average worker and his employer would have to contribute about 9 percent – 4.5 percent each – to generate a benefit equal to 36 percent of earnings (the projected Social Security replacement rate for the average earner at age 65 once the full retirement age equals 67). Giving away the trust fund to early generations of retirees moved the system to a largely pay-as-you-go system. With a projected ratio of two workers for each retiree, a 36-percent replacement rate would require, in a world of no wage growth, a contribution rate of 18 percent – 9 percent each for employer and employee. That is, each of the two workers (and their employers) would pay for half of the retiree’s 36 percent benefit. Add in wage growth, and the cost rate falls, but remains well above that in a funded system.
So the reason that projected payroll tax rates are high is that the system paid benefits to early cohorts and has not built up a trust fund. The long-run cost of the program incorporates the legacy costs associated with the absence of such a trust fund. These facts have two implications. First, any jurisdiction opting out escapes paying its fair share of the legacy costs and shifts the burden to those who remain in the program. Second, cost comparisons between Social Security and entities that opt out are not meaningful because those who opt out have an unfair advantage by escaping their fair share of the legacy costs.
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Electronics/Cell Phone Recycling
Electronics recycling includes everything from small devices such as cell phones and digital cameras to large devices such as televisions and desktop computers. It is illegal to discard of electronic waste in the trash! Electronics manufacturers are required by law to provide information on how to recycle your equipment free of charge. Click here to view a comprehensive list of NYS registered manufacturers, their brands and recycling info.
Retail stores such as BestBuy, Staples, OfficeMax, etc. and local recycling centers accept electronics through recycling and trade-in programs. Click here for a comprehensive list of NYS collection sites or visit the links below to find a local recycling location appropriate for your device/equipment. Check each site's list of acceptable items. Fees may apply!
Accepted at ecopark During All Operating Hours
- Computers: Laptops, Desktops and Tablets (Erase personal data before recycling)
- Televisions & Monitors
$10 Fee for Tube TVs/Monitors (Credit/Debit Only)
- Computer Peripherals and Cables (Keyboards, Mice, Etc.)
- Fax Machines, Scanners & Printers (For use with a computer, less than 100 lbs.)
- Small Electronic Equipment and Cables (VCRs, DVRs, DVD Players, MP3 Players, Digital Media Receivers, Game Consoles)
- Cell Phones (Donated to Cell Phones for Soliders)
- Cameras & Video Cameras
- Global Positioning System (GPS) Receivers
- Many Other Devices...
10 Avion Drive, Rochester, NY 14624
Wed 1pm-6:30pm, Sat 7:30am-1pm
Closed on Holidays
Haul Away Service for Large Electronics
Haul Away Service for old electronics (televisions, etc.) may be provided by retailers when buying replacement equipment and having it delivered. Check with the retailer you are purchasing from to see if this service is offered.
Digital Storage Media (CDs, DVDs, VHS Tapes, Zip Disks, Floppy Discs, Etc.)
These items are not recyclable and should be disposed of in the trash.
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Natural Cashew Butter is one of the best selling Ezra Cohen Montreal products. And it makes sense: this super smooth, subtly sweet nut butter has an inherently buttery flavor and is packed with protein and nutrients. We love to eat it spread onto whole-grain toast; stirred into smoothies, sauces, and dressings; and baked into bread and cookies. It also makes a great snack right out of the jar!
Of course, cashew butter brings more to the table than just its great flavor. Here are four of the biggest health benefits of cashew butter, in case you needed any more reasons to add this spreadable treat to your day.
Benefit #1: It’s Full of Nutrients
Our Natural Cashew Butter definitely has no shortage of nutritional strongpoints. You’ll find calcium, iron, vitamin E, magnesium, and riboflavin (a complex B vitamin) in every single serving. So while cashews might not have the omega-3 fatty acids that you find in other nuts, they more than make up for it in other good-for-you vitamins and minerals.
Benefit #2: It Has a Ton of Protein
Protein is fuel. You need it to stay strong and focused, and it also makes the difference between whether you feel satiated or still hungry after eating. And with nearly three grams of protein per tablespoon, cashew butter is a natural choice for giving your body the energy it needs and helping you maintain a healthy diet.
Benefit #3: It’s Chockful of Fiber
Cashew butter provides you with plenty of fiber, a necessary nutrient for managing digestive health and balancing out your blood sugar levels. Research shows that eating more fiber might even help you live longer!
Benefit #4: It’s Good For Your Heart
When you eat cashew butter, you consume both the monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats that your body needs to regulate cholesterol levels and protect the health of your heart. Even just a couple of tablespoons a day can provide your heart with big benefits, in turn reducing your chances of heart disease.
Ezra Cohen, McGill graduate and founder of Ezra Cohen Montreal, has been promoting healthier snacking since the inception of the Ezra Cohen Montreal brand. Incorporating nut butters—including our unbeatable Natural Cashew Butter—is a great way to add more nutrients to a well-rounded diet, and can take the guesswork out of getting the nutrients that your body needs.
Looking for inventive ways to eat nut butters? Check out our recipe blog!
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The original explanation from Intel, why back when, was that the gate wrapped around three-sides of the rectangular cross-section fin.
If the fin is trapezoidal then tri-gate name is still ok, but if that fin is triangular in cross-section then perhaps Intel should go with bi-gate?
Makes sense. Consistent with
Intels 22nm chip voltage was raised to slightly greater than 1V vs foundry mobile parts that run 0.85 to 0.9V
b) intel 22nm parts having high leakage / leakage power.
I hope GSS publishes more on this topic. Very good work and helpful.
I spoke to my go to fab guy
He said the fin shape results from a gross electrical compromise to clear spacer off fin (required for the si and SiGe fin epitaxy). Vertical fins create better electrical uniformity and performance. But its very difficult to clear spacer off a vertical fin. He does not think this fin shape will work for foundry SOC chips. Too much electrical variation and leakage
the other driver for a tapered triangular Silicon FIN is to avoid / minimize ion implant shadowing in the source drain / graded drain ion implants ( if implanted ). A vertical FIN sidewall would likely introduce asymmetric and wafer rotational dependence on Source Drain offset with respect to the edge of the FIN channel. Another process latitude driver for FIN triangular shape.... ( ie not merely metrology )
Agree. Lower transistor threshold voltage results in faster but leaker part. If intel was taking all trigate leakage improvement and targeting performance, I don't understand why performance and or frequency is about the same? Ivy bridge frequency bins are only ~100Mhz higher vs 32nm sandy bridge. Clock frequency of 3.4 vs 3.5Ghz or performance benchmarking is less than I was expecting.
I still wonder if this trigate is really going to give intel a competitive advantage in mobile? Or is intel marketing misdirecting from their own short comings. Stock analysts in my opinion are often wrong but when I look at the data I think Gus Richards might be right.
Trigate has higher processing cost and extra design restriction (increases cost via larger die area). I looked at designing my I/O block with finfet (foundries name for trigate). Layout was larger (higher cost) and at block level my power was higher.
It will be interesting to watch if intel can make a better cell phone or tablet chip. But they better hurry since 28nm chips with improved power are ramping fast.
Finfets should provide power/perforamance advantage. Intel probably set their process to fit within a given power budget -- get as much performance as possible within that limit.
For example, lower transistor threshold voltages -- faster & more leakage. Intel would set process knobs like this to get as much performance as possible without blowing power limit.
For low power parts, Intel could set these knobs differently.
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Cheap flights to Krakow
If you’re looking for a reason to visit Poland then you’ve just found it with Krakow. Beautiful, charming and romantic, this Polish city of idyllic medieval squares and imposing Gothic architecture might be the country’s second city, but it is the number one destination for tourists visiting the country each year.
This city knows all about the limelight. After all it was the royal capital of Poland for 500 years, meaning it’s had plenty of time to grow the rich cultural, artistic and architectural heritage you’ll find there today. And it’s certainly very impressive, with its 6000 historic buildings, nearly two-dozen museums and a staggering 2 million pieces of artwork.
If you're looking for a sweeping panorama of the region climb the 1930s memorial mound to independence hero Marshal Pilsudski in the woods on the fringe of Krakow. Access is swift by 134 bus to the zoo, then follow the marked trails.
Check out quirky examples of contemporary Polish design at the new exhibition 'The Logic of the Local', at the International Cultural Centre on the Main Market Square (No. 25). Polish designs are presented alongside Norwegian ones, with many interesting traits in common. Runs 2 January to 26 March.
Hop on a tram east to the Polish Aviation Museum, which boasts a sleek new HQ and over 200 flying machines. Interactive exhibits make this a hit with kids too. (39 Aleja Jana Paw?a/ tram No. 4 or 52 to the Muzeum Lotnictwa stop).
If the weather is not at its best, the salt mines at Wieliczka make for a handy back-up plan. The UNESCO-listed site includes a vast chapel carved from salt.
You're flying from
You know when you want to travel
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Seemingly endless snow this winter has strained snowclearing operations in St. John's, but the weather itself isn't the only challenge for crews to keep the streets clear.
The city has been facing a lot of criticism from people this winter who think they haven't done enough to deal with snow on the ground.
But Paul Mackey, deputy city manager for public works, said there's many things that go on behind the scenes that make snow clearing more expensive and difficult.
In 1996, St. John's spent more than $7-million on snowclearing, and that number jumped to more than $15-million in 2012.
The city expanded in that time, adding close to 300 kilometres of new streets. But the bottom line is the cost of snow clearing per kilometre continues to increase.
Inflation affecting costs
"With inflation and normal increases, you would expect those costs to probably double, even if you kept the operation at the same level, and of course that hasn't been the case," Mackey said.
He said that the city is doing more than ever, as well, including salting and plowing some sidewalks and using software programs to make plowing routes more efficient.
But Mackey said the unique problem in the city is finding experience and qualified people to operate the equipment.
He said there are more opportunities in this province for qualified operators to find other work on projects like Long Harbour and Bull Arm, so it's detracting from the pool of candidates the city can pull from.
"Experience is a big issue because the efficiency, the amount of damage to equipment and private property, that sort of thing. Those are all issues we have to deal with."
Mackey said just like any other job, someone with less experience often can't do the same quality of work for the job.
"That's an ongoing thing for us. We're fortunate enough that we've managed to keep all of our positions filled, but there's a greater turnover, and finding experienced people is tougher," he said.
"We're finding now that we have to sometimes hire people with lesser qualifications and training and experience and do a lot of that in-house."
Mackey said the city will continue to change the way it does its snowclearing, to make it as efficient as possible, but the challenges continue to grow along with St. John's.
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Hidden beneath the veil of popular drive-enhancing technology such as autonomous driving and all-electric sits a feature that doesn't get a lot of time in the spotlight. Rightfully so, as most attempts have proven frustrating, useless, and otherwise a sad, one-trick pony. It's the one feature that is rarely a top 3 deciding factor when someone buys a car: voice-activated driving.
On the morning of Oct. 28, 2015, 12 pedestrians were struck by cars in the City of Toronto. While some would say it's the result of a wet, grey day, this statistic follows an average of six pedestrians being hit each day, a stunningly high number set to increase as density intensifies and our population ages.
With "Future Day" a week away, there have been many recent articles on "What Did Back To The Future Get Right?" Rather than bore you with a typical comparison, I thought I'd take a different approach, and highlight how both the BTTF trilogy and Demolition Man made technological predictions of a more inclusive and accessible world.
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A green ash killed by emerald ash borers
<<The emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis or Agrilus marcopoli and EAB) is a green beetle native to Asia. In North America the borer is an invasive species, highly destructive to ash trees in its introduced range. The potential damage of this insect rivals that of Chestnut blight and Dutch Elm Disease. Since its accidental introduction into the United States and Canada in the 1990s, and its subsequent detection in 2002, it has spread to 14 states and adjacent parts of Canada. It has killed at least 50 to 100 million ash trees so far and threatens to kill most of the 7.5 billion ash trees throughout North America. The emerald ash borer is now one of the most destructive non-native insects in the United States; it and other wood-boring pests cause an estimated $3.5 billion in annual damages in the U.S.
The insect threatens the entire North American Fraxinus genus, unlike past invasive tree pests, which have only threatened a single species within a genus. The green ash and the black ash trees are preferred. White ash is also killed rapidly, but usually only after green and black ash trees are eliminated. Blue ash displays some resistance to the emerald ash borer by forming callous tissue around EAB galleries; however, they are usually killed eventually as well.
The adult beetle is dark metallic green, bullet-shaped and about 8.5 millimetres long and 1.6 mm wide. The body is narrow and elongated, and the head is flat with black eyes. Adults lay eggs in crevasses in the bark. Larvae burrow into the bark after hatching and consume the cambium and phloem, effectively girdling the tree and causing death within two years. The average emerging season for the emerald ash borer is early spring to late summer. Females lay around 75 eggs, but up to 300 from early May to mid-July. The borer's life cycle is estimated to be one year in southern Michigan but may be up to two years in colder regions.
The natural range of the emerald ash borer is eastern Russia, northern China, Japan, and Korea. Its first confirmed North American detection was in June 2002 in Canton, Michigan. It is suspected, that it was introduced by overseas shipping containers being delivered to Yazaki North America. It has since been found in several other parts of the United States and Canada. Ohio, Minnesota, and Ontario have experienced emerald ash borer migration from Michigan. Additionally, Maryland and Virginia received shipments of contaminated trees from a Michigan nursery. The emerald ash borer was confirmed in Indiana in April 2004, in Central Kentucky in the Spring of 2009 and in Northeast Iowa in May 2010.
The insect is unusually difficult to kill. More than 7.5 billion ash trees are currently at risk. Nearly 114 million board feet of ash saw timber with a value of US$25.1 billion is grown in the eastern United States each year. Over forty million ash trees have died or are dying in the United States at this time. The full time it takes for a tree to die due to the EAB is generally two or three years. Losses are estimated in the tens of millions of dollars. The National Ash Seed Collection Initiative collects and stores ash seeds in cryogenic vaults at the National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation in Fort Collins, CO. If the population of American ash trees is destroyed, the stored seeds will be the genetic base to re-establish ash.
As part of the campaign against the emerald ash borer (EAB), American scientists in conjunction with the Chinese Academy of Forestry searched since 2003 for its natural enemies in the wild leading to the discovery of several parasitoid wasps including Tetrastichus planipennisi. These tiny stingless wasps can sense beetles underneath the bark and then lay their eggs in the larvae or egg, thus killing them. Initial results have shown promise and it is now being released along with Beauveria bassiana, a fungal pathogen with known insecticidal properties.>>
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Fish Allergy Alert Centerville Pie Company of Hyannis, MA
Fish Allergy Alert
Centerville Pie Company of Hyannis, MA is voluntarily recalling all clam pies because they contain undeclared fish (anchovies), which is an ingredient in the Worcestershire sauce used in the clam pie recipe. People who have an allergy or severe sensitivity to anchovies may run the risk of an allergic reaction if they consume these clam pies.
Affected pies come in both one and two-pound sizes and are vacuum sealed with a circular "Centerville Pie" label. The clam pies were distributed through their retail location in Centerville, MA and at various wholesale locations in the Cape Cod, Massachusetts area.
No illnesses or allergic reactions have been reported to date.
The voluntary recall was initiated after it was discovered that the labels on the clam pies did not reveal the presence of fish (anchovies) as an ingredient in Worcestershire sauce used in the clam pie recipe. Labels have now been corrected to reflect the allergen, fish (anchovies).
Consumers who have purchased a Centerville Pie clam pie and have an allergy or severe sensitivity to fish are urged to return them to the place of purchase for a full refund. Consumers with questions may contact the company at 774.470.1406 Monday through Friday between 9:00am and 4:00pm.
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Hieroglyphs Tea cup & saucer
The taste of Egyptian decoration saw an unprecedented interest in France during the Egyptian campaign.
The motifs are inspired designs from monuments of ancient Egypt.
- Dimensions :
- H. 6,2 cm - Ø 6,1cm
- Themes :
- Middle East, Gastronomy, Arts and crafts, Historical figures
- Art movements :
- Egyptian Antiquities, Empire, 18th century, Decorative Arts, Art Déco
- Author :
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Directions： Write a composition on the topic Large Companies and Small Companies in thirty minutes. You should write no less than words and base your composition on the outline （given in Chinese） below.
Large Companies and Small Companies
Upon graduation from college， young men and women face the first choice in their career life： to go to a large company or a small one？ Although many graduates are attracted by the prestige of large companies， I believe the small one will afford more chances of success and more opportunities to develop your ability.
京ICP备15053428号-2 北京市公安局海淀分局备案编号：1101081950号 防网络诈骗专栏
作文网版权所有 Copyright © 2005-2013 www.zuowen.com . All Rights Reserved
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The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge in San Francisco. It spans the Golden Gate which is the opening of San Francisco Bay into the Pacific Ocean. It is considered to be the most photographed bridge in the world. Construction started in January 1933 and opened in May 1937. It is painted in a color called International Orange, originally used for a sealant for the bridge. Unfortunately more people attempt suicide at the bridge, than any other location.
Our pattern set collection contains many photographs of the bridge taken from various angles and vantage points, and at different times of day. Several show the bridge enveloped in fog, a common occurrence in San Francisco.
- ’Exploring the offbeat of the Golden Gate Bridge’ (msnbc.msn.com)
Be an Artist in 2 minutes with Segmation SegPlay® PC (see more details here)
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In the face of COVID-19, we now are often facing situations and struggles for which we feel unprepared, and many of these circumstances may test our deepest values, our sense of who we think we are or most want to be. Since we wrote this piece, the brutal killing of George Floyd and the subsequent expressions of impassioned voice around racial injustice and police violence have triggered yet another moment when this struggle to enact our values effectively is salient. Although the examples below revolve around the pandemic, I envision a future discussion focused on effective voice and action around the quest for a just, humane and unified nation.
I have spent much of my career developing a pedagogical approach to business ethics and values-driven leadership development that helps prepare individuals to not only now what the right thing to do in a particular situation may be, but to be prepared to act on that knowledge — confidently, skillfully, effectively.
That pedagogy is called Giving Voice to Values (GVV). Drawing on actual experience and scholarship, GVV fills a longstanding critical gap in the development of values-centered leaders. GVV is not about persuading people to be more ethical. Rather, GVV starts from the premise that most of us already want to act on our values, but that we also want to feel that we have a reasonable chance of doing so effectively and successfully. This pedagogy and curriculum are about raising those odds. Rather than a focus on ethical analysis, the Giving Voice to Values curriculum focuses on ethical implementation and asks the question: “What if I were going to act on my values? What would I say and do? How could I be most effective?”
GVV is now based at UVA Darden School of Business but it has been shared and piloted all over the world, in many contexts — business schools, businesses, NGOs, the military, health care, law, engineering, the police, etc. — and I have begun to think about how this approach that involves pre-scripting, action planning, actual rehearsal and peer coaching might be helpful in our current pandemic situation. A colleague and friend, Jeff Hittner, who performs leadership-development trainings in New York City recently shared this example, and I am pleased to share it here.
Jeff Hittner: GVV Addressing Unfortunate Realities
I am the founder of Project X, a learning and development consulting company that builds and facilitates career discovery, leadership, and startup programs and workshops around the globe. I’ve been using Giving Voice to Values to train high-potential leaders both digitally and in-person. As March approached, I designed two specific COVID-19 scenarios, based on unfortunate realities in NYC.
Two COVID-19 Scenarios
In the first, an elderly passenger gets sick on a flight into NYC before the lockdown begins, passing out and vomiting. A couple nearby is grazed by some of the fluid and becomes outraged. Their outspoken agitation make it difficult for the crew to ensure the elderly woman is alright and to keep all the other passengers calm.
In the second scenario, an Asian American coughs on the subway. A teenager begins to curse at this person and blames him for bringing coronavirus to the U.S. The teenager screams for the Asian American to get off the train and threatens that whenever the Asian American gets off, he will also get off to follow him.
In both scenarios, the action plans and scripts of my participants varied widely.
Personal Safety and Moral Decision-Making
The high-potential leaders I was working with in Washington, D.C., easily identified the inappropriate actions but had difficulty separating their personal fears in scripting solutions. One group, which included a doctor, focused on the majority of the plane passengers, rather than the unruly couple. They wanted to explain to passengers that these were not COVID-19 symptoms. Another group tried to focus on speaking to the unruly couple and offering to swap seats, also believing they were not at risk, so preferring to support the sick elderly woman by removing the couple that was making the situation worse for her.
The subway scenario had several groups calling for the police once the subway came to a stop. One group tried rationalizing with the teenager that the Asian American had coughed into his sleeve and only coughed for a moment. In the actual situation this scenario was based upon, several passengers found a creative solution, choosing to get up and sit next to the Asian American, starting a conversation with him and promising, very loudly, to get off the subway with him as a group at the next stop.
These scenarios reinforce a critical — and far-too-common — values challenge in this pandemic: the interconnectedness of personal safety and moral decision-making. When our fight or flight response is triggered, our values-based decision-making is at greater risk. As a result, the need for scripting and rehearsing is paramount. Both are core elements of the GVV process.
My hope is that these stories expand people’s empathy to all actors caught up in morally challenging situations. The GVV approach enables participants to zoom out and see that what is at risk for all and that different approaches may be necessary for each actor. Several leaders grappling with these scenarios have recognized they cannot solve them alone, and so their proposed action plans involved joint efforts. With so many competing fears, one values-based leader can’t tend to all actors. My hope is that many of our participants see the need for collaboration.
Living in New York City with a 3-year-old and a newborn, these scenarios are only becoming more real and complex as we struggle with the realities of safety and empathy in this pandemic.
I plan to create additional GVV case studies related to the treatment of frontline supermarket workers, neighbors that are medical first responders, and so on. These GVV scenarios will form the basis for virtual trainings going forward, as part of a broader series of workshops on crisis leadership.
Mary Gentile: Remaining Our Best Selves in a Pandemic
I was excited and grateful to learn about Jeff’s innovative application of the Giving Voice to Values methodology, described above. One of the most rewarding aspects of the journey I have been on to share the GVV approach to values-driven leadership development has been witnessing the wide and varied applications that users and educators have found. I recall the Manager in the Nigerian division of a multi-national corporation who used GVV to raise a critical local conflict with the corporate headquarters in the U.K.; or the corporate compliance officer in Abu Dhabi who told me he used the approach in a challenging relationship with his father; or the tenured professor who used it in her exchanges with her teenage son; or the medical school professor who used it in his teaching; or the leadership scholars at the U.S. Air Force Academy who applied GVV in their training of new cadets; and so on.
As we all deal with the current pandemic, the struggle is to remain our best selves — who we most want to be — even in the face of unanticipated challenges. I believe that the action-oriented focus of GVV can help prepare us all to remain true to the values we already hold most dear in our lives, rather than succumb to the fear or anger or denial that can only make the situation worse
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- 1 What do you wear to gymnastics if you don’t have a leotard?
- 2 What do gymnasts wear when they’re on their period?
- 3 What do you wear on your feet for gymnastics?
- 4 Do gymnasts wear undies?
- 5 Can you wear a bathing suit for gymnastics?
- 6 Do gymnasts wear bras?
- 7 Do gymnasts get periods?
- 8 Do gymnasts have to be skinny?
- 9 Do girls need shoes for gymnastics?
- 10 Do you wear a bra with a leotard for gymnastics?
- 11 Do gymnasts go barefoot?
- 12 Do gymnasts shave?
- 13 Do female gymnasts get waxed?
- 14 How do gymnasts keep leotards in place?
What do you wear to gymnastics if you don’t have a leotard?
What to Wear To Gymnastics besides a Leotard?
- Gymnastic Crop Top. A gymnastic crop top is a perfect wear during the practice sessions.
- Gymnastic Shorts. Gymnastic shorts can be worn with the crop top.
- Gymnastic Leggings.
- Personalised Gymnastics Hoodie.
- Why Leotards Are the Best Option.
What do gymnasts wear when they’re on their period?
When you’re a gymnast or dancer, pads aren’t going to work (for obvious reasons). You’re going to need to use tampons or a menstrual cup. Menstrual cups weren’t around when I was younger, so I’ve never used them, I always just used tampons.
What do you wear on your feet for gymnastics?
” The half socks the gymnasts wear help reduce friction and protect feet while practicing and performing these turning elements,” Yim tells INSIDER in an email.
Do gymnasts wear undies?
What do gymnasts wear under their leotards? In lots of cases, professional gymnasts and dancers tend to not wear any panties under their leotards. Some leotards have built-in liners which can be removed and washed, and ballet dancers usually just use their tights as underwear.
Can you wear a bathing suit for gymnastics?
Simply put, yes, you can wear a swimsuit to a gymnastics class.
Do gymnasts wear bras?
– Gymnastics Bras: Most athletes wear a gymnastics sports bra to ensure the breasts are held firmly in place and don’t interfere with running, jumping or tumbling. – Gymnastics Underwear: Gymnasts should wear underwear designed to fit discretely under a leotard.
Do gymnasts get periods?
Many elite women gymnasts, and some other endurance athletes like distance runners, are amenorrheal, or experiencing a significant delay in the onset of menstruation and puberty. It is routine for top-flight gymnasts to begin menstruating years later than other girls.
Do gymnasts have to be skinny?
A lean athlete, not just a skinny athlete, will perform better. There is no correlation between body weight and the skills necessary for an elite gymnast—running speed, jumping height and hand strength. The average female gymnast gets her first period at age 15 ½ compared to the average girl at age 13.
Do girls need shoes for gymnastics?
No special shoes or socks, no bats or gloves, or balls. Gymnasts simply need a tight fitting athletic outfit, a leotard is preferred. Read more about the essential attire, how to find the perfect fitting leotard, and where to purchase a leotard.
Do you wear a bra with a leotard for gymnastics?
4. Don’t let your bra and underwear show (and yes, gymnasts wear them!). “ No there isn’t [a built-in bra and underwear on the leotards] so we have to wear our own. The leotard company makes them so they’re briefs just like nude briefs and then a nude sports bra.
Do gymnasts go barefoot?
To wear shoes or just barefoot? While most of the gymnasts wear nothing on the feet, you may find some athletes wearing some kind of gear as they perform. However, what you wear on your feet could make a difference in your performance.
Do gymnasts shave?
” We are told not to shave all season long to let the hair grow out on your legs. Then when you to get a big swim meet you have shaving parties and shave your whole body so you feel more sleek in the water when you dive in.”
Do female gymnasts get waxed?
Women gymnasts have come to resemble swimmers in their uniform lack of body hair— waxing being an unspoken mandate that has as much to do with aesthetics as with aerodynamics. (Well groomed in her appearance.) In gymnastics, the body fat that is a typical signal of healthy womanhood is stubbornly burned off.
How do gymnasts keep leotards in place?
Gymnast Nastia Liukin, the all-around gold medalist at the 2008 Olympics, told People.com that some gymnasts use an adhesive spray such as Tuf-Skin to hold the leotard in place, since picking a wedgie during a performance is grounds for a deduction. Custom fittings help ensure that the leotard is just the right size.
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https://nwgymnastics.com/gymnastics/what-do-i-wear-to-gymnastics.html
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00066.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.946322
| 1,173
| 1.734375
| 2
|
Understanding Dallas County, Alabama Property Taxes
Overview of Dallas County, AL Property Taxes
Out of the 67 counties in Alabama, Dallas County has the 19th highest property tax rate. Compared to the state average of 0.35%, homeowners pay an average of 0.00% more. Put another way, if you live in Dallas County, you can expect to pay $3.50 for every $1,000 of real estate value, or 0.35%.
Dallas County Property Search
If you are planning to buy a home in Dallas County and want to understand the size of your property tax bill and other home information, use the Dallas County Property Lookup Tool.
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<urn:uuid:f80a605b-4b66-438e-99f9-b54e8ef0fc75>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://app.taxproper.com/main/content/taxes-by-county/AL/dallas-county/75
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00472.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.9139
| 135
| 1.664063
| 2
|
2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
To get an idea of how Blue Sky multiples might change with an increase in the corporate tax rate, the simplest way may be to look at what happened the last time the rate changed. Fortunately for this analysis, we don’t have to go back too far. In December 2017, former President Trump signed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”) into law. Shortly after his inauguration, President Trump indicated a goal of “15 to 20%” for the federal corporate tax rate, down from 35% at the time. Fast forward to September 2017, the Trump administration and congressional Republican leaders announced a tax framework that included a 20% federal corporate tax rate, which eventually settled at 21% when the bill was signed into law on December 22, 2017.
On a statutory basis, a dealer structured as a traditional C corporation making $1 million in pre-tax earnings went from net income of $650,000 to $790,000, or an increase in value of 21.5% assuming no change in the P/E multiple. While this generally comports with the returns of the S&P 500 in 2017 (which increased 19.4%), this increase happened gradually over time. While there are many other contributing factors, it is evident in the chart below that the market likely priced in any favorable tax changes gradually throughout the year.
Because the market generally trended upwards in 2017, it would be difficult to point to any one period of rapid increase related to optimism surrounding lower corporate taxes. However, because the market has historically trended upwards, it can be more difficult to attribute the rise to specific policies. While this paints with more broader strokes for the market, let’s consider Blue Sky multiples.
Blue Sky Multiples Before and After TCJA
While after-tax earnings likely rose for most dealers due to the tax law change, pre-tax profits by definition would not be impacted. Theoretically as noted above, a buyer should be willing to pay more for a higher return, so the value should increase if earnings go up. With the earnings stream utilized in Blue Sky multiples unchanged, an increase in value should be seen in higher multiples.
From Q3 2017 – Q1 2018, there were no changes in the range of multiples for any brands despite the material decrease in corporate tax rates. This begs the question: Why not?
If dealership values had increased by 21.5%, the average Blue Sky multiple would have increased from 4.85x in Q3 2017 to 5.89x in Q4 2017. This change also could have been more gradual throughout the year. However, multiples were largely unchanged.
From Q1 2017 to Q1 2018, only five brands saw a change in their Blue Sky multiples. Subaru multiples improved by one full turn of pre-tax profits in Q2 2017 (from 4x-5x to 5x-6x), while Toyota, Honda, Chevrolet, and Buick-GMC saw more modest increases in Q3 2017. From then until Q1 2018, there were no changes in the range of multiples for any brands despite this material decrease in corporate tax rates. This begs the question: Why not? Well, there are numerous potential reasons.
State of the Industry
In the Q4 2017 Haig Report, private dealership values were judged to have fallen by an estimated 2.6% from the year-end 2016 due to increased expenses. Despite generally favorable macroeconomic conditions in the U.S., auto sales and gross profit per vehicle retailed were starting to trend down at the same time that dealership expenses are increasing, reducing profits. With years of annual volumes above 17 million, there were concerns about declines. While volumes in 2018 and 2019 were below the 2016 peak, they remained above 17 million. SAAR for 2015 through 2019 is shown in the below graph for perspective.
As the pandemic reminded us all, volumes do not directly correlate with profits. In order to gain a broader perspective of the auto dealer market conditions, we’ve considered the stock price returns of the S&P 500, the Russell 2000, and the publicly traded franchised dealers in 2017.
The S&P 500 paced the group with the aforementioned 19.4% return. Lithia was just behind at 17.3% as it continued to buy up dealerships which the market viewed favorably. The return on the Russell 2000 was 13.1%, well above all other auto dealer stock prices whose returns ranged from 5.5% (AutoNation) to negative 19.4% (Sonic). The trend was particularly bad through the end of August with all non-Lithia dealers down between 6.7% and 23.0%. SAAR followed this general trajectory and caught a nice bounce in September, which coupled with optimism over favorable tax treatment potentially aiding in the rebound.
Despite lower taxes increasing after-tax cash flows, it appears declining industry conditions offset gains, leading to minimal change in Blue Sky multiples
After the passage of the tax law and with some time to analyze any impacts, the Q1 2018 Haig Report noted positive and negative trends thusly:
Positive Trends: “This remarkable era in auto retailing continues. We have enjoyed many years of low interest rates, cheap gas, and rising employment. Consumer confidence remains near its 17-year high and household wealth has never been greater. It’s true that dealership profits (and values) peaked a couple of years ago, but they remain close to record levels. The much-predicted downturn in sales has not yet happened. Congress even gave dealers a nice boost by lowering taxes and walking back pressure from the CFPB.
Negative Trends: “While sales remain strong, there are some troubling vibrations coming from the disruptive influences of technology. Dealers continue to suffer from the degradation of gross profits due to the shift in pricing power from the retailer to the consumer thanks to various digital tools. And over the next five to ten years, electrification, ride sharing and autonomous vehicles loom as threats. Some well-respected industry leaders predict that the best days of auto retail are behind us, that profits will never return to current levels and that many dealerships will end up closing their doors.”
Despite lower taxes increasing after-tax cash flows, it appears declining industry conditions offset these gains, leading to minimal change in Blue Sky multiples. To take the analysis a step further, we consider the specific tax structures of privately held dealerships and transaction considerations, rather than comparing it solely to publicly traded companies which are required to be structured as C corporations.
Tax Structure of Largest Auto Groups
Blue Sky multiples are calculated on adjusted pre-tax profits. This enables comparison between dealerships subject to different income tax rates. Differences in total corporate income taxes paid are usually due to two reasons: state/local tax rates and ownership structure (C corporation vs pass-through). First, let’s address state/local tax rates. Language in the Haig report from editions before and after the tax law change note, “dealerships in states with no income tax usually bring premiums to dealerships in high tax states.” This means that for a given range, say 5x-6x, dealerships subject to lower taxes are more likely to receive a pre-tax multiple on the upper end of the range. While not all dealerships necessarily fit into this range, one can infer that local tax rate differences may not ultimately impact the multiple by more than one turn of pre-tax earnings.
Dealerships in states with no income tax usually bring premiums to dealerships in high tax states
Many dealers may also structure their companies to be taxed at individual rates (S corporation, LLC, etc.) instead of corporate rates (C corporation). The pass-through tax structure has been popular because it avoids “double taxation” when a dealer pays corporate income taxes on profits then taxes on distributions from net income to dealers after the payment of corporate taxes. For a pass-through dealer, their marginal tax rates only declined from 39.6% to 37.0%. While the initial tax framework proposed by Republicans included a maximum 25% rate on pass-throughs, the TCJA instead offered a 20% deduction for Qualified Business Income (“QBI”). For dealers in the top marginal income tax bracket, this could mean a pass-through rate as low as 29.6% (37% x [1-20%]). Implied increases in values are demonstrated below:
As noted above, Blue Sky multiples derived from private dealership transactions are applied to pre-tax earnings, enabling comparisons regardless of elected corporate structure. This is intuitive because a buyer is unlikely to be concerned with the corporate structure of the seller. While corporate taxes declined, many dealerships are structured in this way. Therefore, a negotiation between a buyer and seller is likely to balance favorable income tax treatment against other factors on pre-tax income. As discussed above, industry conditions were relatively stable if not modestly declining.
Anticipated Impact of Increasing Corporate Tax Rates
Under the Biden plan, a 28% corporate tax rate would decrease after-tax earnings for C corporations by 8.9% all else equal. However, as we saw after the TCJA, not all else is equal. The reverse may be occurring in 2021 with rising taxes being offset by more favorable industry conditions as many auto dealers finished 2020 with record profits despite a global pandemic.
In 2021, rising taxes may be offset by more favorable industry conditions
Heading into 2021, looming threats associated with scale continue to exist, though this is not exclusive to smaller dealers. With online-only used retailers attracting plenty of equity capital from the public markets, larger players in the industry are feeling the pressure to grow themselves. This levels the playing field as buyers are equally incentivized to grow as sellers might be to capitalize on high exit multiples, forgoing the need to make significant technological investments.
So, what does the TCJA tell us about the proposed increase in corporate tax rates under the Biden administration? The short answer is it depends. Buyers and sellers are likely more focused on determining the run-rate, or core earnings of dealerships after record profits in 2020 than what rate may or may not apply to them. Fear of rising taxes may motivate sellers to cash in, which would weigh on value if there’s excess supply of dealerships for buyers to choose from. In 2017, the opposite was likely true as bolt-on acquisitions became more costly as dealers were less motivated to cash out as more income fell to their bottom line. As we’ve demonstrated, an increasing federal corporate tax rate may impact some dealers, but for most that are structured as pass-through entities, changes in the top marginal tax bracket for individuals is more likely to impact dealer principals. And while the corporate income tax rate is important for the future earnings of a dealership, sellers are likely to be more concerned about the taxes they would need to pay after selling their business.
Mercer Capital provides business valuation and financial advisory services that consider the potential valuation implications of changes in legislation and how this impacts auto dealerships and their principals. We also help our dealer clients understand how their dealership may, or may not, fit within the published ranges of Blue Sky multiples. Contact a Mercer Capital professional today to learn more about the value of your dealership.
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<urn:uuid:f2aed956-fcec-4abd-8d51-5c5e37352a4b>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://mercercapital.com/auto-dealer-valuation-insights/blue-sky/valuation-implications-of-a-28-corporate-tax-rate-on-blue-sky-multiples/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00667.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.958533
| 2,347
| 1.625
| 2
|
- Year Published: 1913
- Language: English
- Country of Origin: United States of America
- Source: Dunbar, P.L. (1913). The Complete Poems of Paul Laurence Dunbar. New York: Dodd, Mead, and Company.
- Flesch–Kincaid Level: 6.5
- Word Count: 41
Dunbar, P. (1913). "Curtain". Lyrics of Lowly Life (Lit2Go Edition). Retrieved January 21, 2017, from
Dunbar, Paul Laurence. ""Curtain"." Lyrics of Lowly Life. Lit2Go Edition. 1913. Web. <>. January 21, 2017.
Paul Laurence Dunbar, ""Curtain"," Lyrics of Lowly Life, Lit2Go Edition, (1913), accessed January 21, 2017,.
Villain shows his indiscretion,
Villain’s partner makes confession.
Juvenile, with golden tresses,
Finds her pa and dons long dresses.
Scapegrace comes home money–laden,
Hero comforts tearful maiden,
Soubrette marries loyal chappie,
Villain skips, and all are happy.
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<urn:uuid:46788701-e31e-4423-93d9-abad11469eae>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/187/lyrics-of-lowly-life/3648/curtain/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00378-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.862888
| 259
| 2.328125
| 2
|
One of the most unique features about the architecture of Carmel Mission Basilica is its stone church. This was constructed after Father Junipero Serra’s death, overseen by Father Fermin Lasuen who continued Father Serra’s work at the mission. The stone church was built on the same location where the old adobe church had once stood with quarried sandstone from the Santa Lucia Mountains. The design was architected by Manuel Esteban Ruiz and Santiago Ruiz of San Blas, Mexico. The church has two unequal towers with a rounded arched portal on the sides. The walls of the church were constructed five feet deep at the base. The inside of the church is different from other missions due to its wooden tunnel vault ceiling, shaped in a parabolic arch.
The mission is constructed around an irregular shaped quadrangle or large square courtyard which is common place in most mission archtiecture. The inner courtyard is beautifully constructed with deep, overhanging portals or “inner porches” along the sides to add protection from the elements. The mission has two fountains, one is located inside the mission’s inner courtyard, and the other fountainon is by the entrance of the church.
The overall design of the mission is a combination of Spanish and Moorish influences. There are two bell towers, one that was built as a Moorish-style dome, the second larger bell tower contains 9 bells, most of them are authentic. The amount of intricate detail and expert craftmanship that has gone into the restoration and the daily maintenance of this lovely mission is hard to imagine. If you get a chance to visit Carmel Mission you won’t be able to get enough of the Spanish-Moorish-Mediterranean inspired architecture as well as the overall stunning nature of the grounds that are full of colorful gardens, citrus and olive trees, roses, and brilliant bogenvilla flowers.
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<urn:uuid:79db2e07-d1e3-41a9-98ca-2a83a06cc7d7>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.carmelmissioninn.com/explore/carmel-mission/architecture
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00154-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.970022
| 397
| 2.328125
| 2
|
1. What is your view of the property tax levy: too high, about right or too low? If too high, how would you reduce it? The mill levy rate, the rate applied to a property’s assessed value, may increase or decrease each year because of changes in home values and may or may not result in a tax increase or decrease. Through the annual budget process, the city commission works to find an acceptable balance between providing services and programs without putting an undue burden on the taxpayer. The current property tax levy is “about right” as it has allowed the city to meet its adopted budget.
2. Which social service agencies should the city be responsible for funding, at least in part? The current process followed by the Social Services Advisory Board (SSAB) to recommend to the city commission which social service agencies should be funded has worked well. I would not presume to know which agencies should be funded aside from those recommended by SSAB.
3. Does the city need to reduce its debt? If so, how? The passage of the half-cent sales tax guarantees that 35% of the monies collected will go to debt reduction. Prior to the passage of the sales tax there was already a reasoned plan in place to pay down the debt; debt that was being paid down faster than planned because sales tax revenues have been higher than projected. The additional money from the half-cent sales tax will help the city continue to pay down the debt more quickly than planned.
4. What guidelines would you follow to determine how to spend the city’s 65 percent portion of the half-cent sales tax that is dedicated to economic development and infrastructure? As was done when the sales tax was passed in 2002, I would recommend that the city commission appoint a committee to do the following: 1) review the current economic development application and guidelines to determine whether or not they still meet the commission’s needs when asked to approve a funding request; 2) establish criteria to determine what types of infrastructure should be funded; and 3) determine whether there should be a certain percentage set aside for infrastructure vs. economic development.
|
<urn:uuid:14c34b35-ad89-4360-b5ca-b8adcf9c17ef>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://themercury.com/articles/budget-questions
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00190-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.961915
| 435
| 1.890625
| 2
|
Packaging Solution for SiC Power Modules with a Fail-to-Short Capability
Packaging Solution for SiC Power Modules
with a Fail-to-Short Capability
Fail-to-short packages, which can still carry current after the failure of their semiconductor devices, are required for HVDC applications. However, all existing solutions are dedicated to silicon components. Here, a fail-to-short package is proposed for SiC devices. Its manufacturing process is described. 4 modules are built and submitted to intense short circuit currents (up to 2000 A). It is found that they offer a stable short-circuit failure mode, providing that the modules are mechanically clamped to prevent separation during the surge current test.
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<urn:uuid:055b1bce-4d6e-45e4-bdfb-d194a6b9ea3a>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.supergrid-institute.com/fr/2019/03/16/publication-packaging-solution-for-sic-power-modules-with-a-fail-to-short-capability/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00077.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.934504
| 152
| 1.875
| 2
|
Psychological Services offer a specialist service to schools and parents to help children and young people with additional learning needs.
Educational Psychologists can support and help children of all ages. They will talk to your child about their feelings and their likes and how they get on with other people and at school.
Our service works with:
You can access our service by asking the head teacher in your child's school about meeting with the school's link educational psychologist. Or, by sending a request in writing to the Principal Educational Psychologist
Others who can access the service include:
Our service will not have any contact with your child without your prior consent. You will know about all actions and agree to them before we do anything on your child's behalf.
For more information on:
Principal Educational Psychologist
c/o Carleith Primary School
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<urn:uuid:a0fa6175-2d57-4000-bc95-35e90e853794>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://west-dunbarton.gov.uk/schools-and-learning/schools/support-for-pupils/additional-support-needs/psychological-services/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00295-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.955707
| 172
| 1.789063
| 2
|
Jim McLaren, former National Farmers Union Scotland president, told the conference: “We should not allow non-compliant pigmeat into compliant EU states.”
Unless a ban was implemented, McLaren warned the problems experienced with the import of eggs and egg products produced from illegal battery cages would be repeated with pigmeat. “We have seen it with hens and battery cages and now it is about to happen again with sow stalls,” he said.
Earlier this week, the National Pig Association (NPA) warned food manufacturers and shoppers about a tide of meat and meat products produced from 40,000 illegally produced pigs an hour entering the European food chain.
Flout welfare rules
Up to 40% of EU pigs were now supplied by farms that flout the new animal welfare rules by continuing to confine sows in individual metal cages known as stalls, claimed the NPA. It pointed to statistics which highlighted 80% of EU countries had not complied with the ban, according to statistics published by Brussels last month.
France was only 33% compliant with the European stalls ban, Germany only 48% and Ireland only 57%. Other countries unlikely to hit the deadline included Belgium, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain.
While some European countries will strictly enforce the stalls ban, others don’t have the infrastructure to identify law-breaking farms, so Europe is going to have a “significant law-breaking problem” for some time, claimed the NPA.
Illegally produced pigmeat
NPA chairman Richard Longthorp said: “We have been pressuring Brussels for more than a year to take measures to protect European consumers from illegally produced pigmeat.
“Its stock response has always been that it could do nothing until January 1, 2013. Well, that date is now upon us and it needs to act urgently to have any chance of keeping its integrity intact.”
The NPA has urged shoppers to buy only pork and pork products which carry the British independent Red Tractor logo.
Sow stalls have not been used in the UK for many years.
The European Commission is to hold a meeting on January 28 to discuss the ban on sow stalls, at which it is likely to claim compliance was better than the official statistics suggest, said the NPA.
Meanwhile, the Red Tractor scheme received a blow last October when Sainsbury decided to scrap the logo to avoid what it described as “consumer confusion”. The retailer had used the logo on its meat, poultry, dairy and fresh products.
Illegally-run continental pig farms produce:
- 6M sausages/h
- 4M bacon rashers/h
- 4M sausage rolls/h
- 640,000 pork pies/h
- 800,000 pork chops/h
- 160,000 rolled shoulder joints/h
- 80,000 leg joints/h
|
<urn:uuid:ef3b925d-ed61-4010-a08b-9315a5a57580>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://www.foodmanufacture.co.uk/Sectors/Meat-poultry/Call-to-ban-import-of-pigmeat-from-illegal-sow-stalls
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721278.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00148-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.966872
| 595
| 1.921875
| 2
|
ça va faire une maudite poutine
How to make a poutine? It can take 10 minutes, or, if you are up for the challenge, 5 hours. And the difference between the 10-minute and 5 hour type can be as great and as little as ready-bake cake and a grande torte. Somedays, you want the comfort-food of a ready-bake cake; and others, the culinary challenge of creating a transcendent example of la cuisine is what gets you out of bed and to the market at 6am.
The poutine from which all poutines are derived is the Classic Quebec Poutine -- fries, a peppery chicken Velouté sauce, and cheddar curds.
Cheddar cheese curd, from Fromagerie Lemaire
The classic poutine, invented in Quebec, and the example from which all poutines are derived, is a heap of crispy french fries topped by a handful of cheddar curds, and a chicken (or, sometimes, veal) based sauce. While great fries are important, it is the combination of sauce and curds which makes a poutine a trascendent culinary experience.
The classic, home-made Quebec poutine is a comfort food composed of well-established, but not widely available, brand components. The french fries can be cooked-up from Prince Edward Island potatoes ( Canada's answer to Idaho potatoes ) or tossed from a frozen-food plastic bag of McCain's brand onto cookie sheet.
The typical cheese curds are from the brand Frommage Beaucronne, and they must be absolutely fresh, made just that morning. Fresh curds are easy to identify, even to a novice, because they squeek, loudly and unmistakenably, when chewed. This squeeking is caused by their high humidity (47% is typical) and slight patina of oil, combined with their flexibility (which, again, is due to their high humidity) which causes the curds to slip and rub against the teeth. The squeek is unmistakable: if you aren't sure you're hearing it, you aren't, and the curds you are eating are more than a day old.
The Fromagerie Lemaire, a cheese shop and restaurant between Warwick and Drummondville
Of course, there are other, just as outstanding examples of cheese curds which can be had. In August 2005, I took a trip out to Lemaire (restaurant and cheese shop) out in Drummondville. The cheese has a constant line to the register, behind which were two girls, one cheerily scooping cheese curds into one of five different sized bags, as ordered up by the customer, and the other ringing up the constant stream of bagged cheese curds purchases. We grabbed a bag and ate right through it, a perfectly snackable, briny unripened cheese.
A bag of cheese curds, after your correspondent had gotten to it, from Fromagerie Lemaire
While fresh curds are vital, the most important part of the poutine is the sauce. At home, the province-wide standard is not a fresh sauce, but sauce from a pouch; specifically, from the St. Hubert brand. The St. Hubert brand is basically a thickened chicken-stock, seasoned with pepper, and a taste of onions. (French-trained chefs will immediately recognize the base as the standard Velouté sauce, with additions and modifications). Presumably, St. Hubert is well known due in part to its rotisserie chicken restuarants.
St. Hubert poutine sauce
Prepare french-fries, approximately 2 cups into a serving bowl. Drop 1/2 C of cheddar cheese curds on top of the fries. Ladel 1 cup of sauce (while hot) on top of the fries and cheese. Allow to rest for 3-5 minutes, permitting the sauce and cheese to work together. Grab a fork, and enjoy!
Bring the stock to a boil in a saucepan.
Combine the fat and flour, cook over high heat, stirring until you have a pale roux (2-3 minutes).
Whip the roux into the stock. Simmer (30-40 min), skimming the surface every 5-10 minutes. Strain the sauce through a chinois or strainer lined with cheesecloth. Salt and pepper to taste.
The above is the recipe for the Velouté sauce, which is the base for a poutine sauce. To make it into a poutine sauce, reduce it by a factor of 2-4 over medium heat. You can also try one of the following modifications:
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<urn:uuid:d50b44bd-2ced-4b6c-a8aa-8bc44cb30409>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.montrealpoutine.com/?recipes
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00274-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.945506
| 969
| 1.59375
| 2
|
Hatch: Law of the Sea Treaty will sink the economy
This Law of the Sea Treaty (LOST) has got to be stopped if what Senator Orrin Hatch says about it is true.
The treaty that Reagan refused to sign in 1982 is reappearing once again in the Senate. The truth is, LOST contains numerous provisions that hurt the U.S. economy at a time when we need more jobs - not fewer.
Under the guise of being for "the good of mankind, " LOST would obligate the United States to share information and technology in what amounts to global taxes and technology transfer requirements that are really nothing more than an attempt to redistribute U.S. wealth to the Third World.
At the center of these taxes and transfers is the International Seabed Authority (ISA), a Kingston, Jamaica based supra-national governing body established by the treaty for the purpose of redistributing cash and technology from the "developed world" to the "developing world."
Ceding authority to the ISA would mean that the sovereignty currently held by the U.S. over the natural resources located on large parts of the continental shelf would be lost. That loss would mean lost revenue for the US government in the form of lost royalties that the U.S. government collects from the production of those resources. According to the U.S. Extended Continental Shelf Task Force, which is currently mapping the continental shelf, the resources there "may be worth billions if not trillions" of dollars.
In case proponents of LOST have not noticed, the US is over $15 trillion in debt, and we still have more than 20 million Americans who can't find a job. The last thing we need to do redistribute funds from our country to our economic and strategic competitors.
To make matters worse, the US would have no control over how or to whom the taxes and technology would be redistributed.
I doubt very much whether LOST is "for the good of mankind." Sounds like it would be good for some and crap for others - including us.
This treaty should be deep sixed.
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<urn:uuid:abff1c1d-41d7-4570-88f4-3d6bdaa8d2a2>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.americanthinker.com/blog/2012/05/hatch_law_of_the_sea_treaty_will_sink_the_economy.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00492-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.95454
| 430
| 1.890625
| 2
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🔼The name Abel-mizraim in the Bible
The place called Abel-mizraim is mentioned only once in the Bible, in Genesis 50:11. It's the location, close to the threshing floor of Atad, beyond the Jordan, where Joseph leads the seven day lament over his deceased father Jacob. When the Canaanites saw what was going on, they saw two things: (1) There were people mourning, and (2) they looked like Egyptians. Hence they named the place Abel-mizraim. After the week of lament, Jacob's body was transported to the family grave; the cave of Machpelah at Mamre, where also Abraham, Sarah, Rebekah and Leah lay interred (Genesis 50:13).
🔼Etymology of the name Abel-mizraim
The name Abel-mizraim consists of two elements. The first element Abel (which is not the same name as that of Abel, the son of Adam and Eve), comes from the root group אבל. This element occurs in multiple names, where it usually is translated with meadow or brook. But the word is also identical to the root meaning to mourn (as used in Genesis 50:11), and that seems to serve the context quite well:
The second part of the name Abel-mizraim is Mizraim, which is the Hebrew word for Egypt. The name Mizraim is probably a transliteration of a word out of another language, but as is it looks like a dual form of the word מצור (masor) means siege, entrenchment. It comes from a root group that consists of five identical roots of the form צור:
For a meaning of the name Abel-mizraim, NOBSE Study Bible Name List reads Meadow Of Egypt, Jones' Dictionary of Old Testament Proper Names proposes Mourning Of The Egyptians and BDB Theological Dictionary suggests Meadow Of Egypt. But following the suggestion of HAW Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament about the meaning of the word אבל, the name Abel-mizraim may also mean Brook Of Egypt.
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As the sun sinks behind the ancient monuments and rooftops, the mournful sounds of Fado music in Lisbon can be heard drifting under doorways and through the cobbled streets. At the heart of the Portuguese soul, Fado music lies like a melancholy mistress. Arguably the oldest urban folk music in the world, Fado has a somewhat chequered history as none can really say where its origins lie. Some sources claim it came as a dance from Africa in the 19th century and was adopted by the poor on the streets of Lisbon. Others say it began at sea as a sad, melodic song coaxed from the rolling waves by homesick sailors and fishermen.
Whatever its origins, the almost lovesick themes of Fado music have remained constant, a tangled web of destiny, betrayal in love, death and despair. This mournful song can be performed by men or women and is accompanied by one Portuguese guitar and one classic guitar, which in Portugal is called viola. It’s heart-breaking music and a Fado performance is not considered successful if an audience is not moved to tears.
Burning with the historic resonance of national identity and culture, Fado was a product of early 19th century bohemia and derives its name from the Latin for fate, or fatum. By the early twentieth century, Fado music had become a fixture in the everyday life of Lisbon’s working class, as much a form of pleasure as to relieve the pain of their daily toil. The music of taverns, brothels and street corners, Fado reached its golden era in the first half of the 20th Century when the Portuguese dictatorship of Salazar (1926-1968) forced the performers to become professional and confined them to sing in the Fado houses.
Traditionally focused on the working class districts of Alfama and Mouraria, these melancholic strains of guitars, mandolins, and poetry have produced such internationally acclaimed fadistas as Amália Rodrigues, the true diva of Fado. Worshipped at home and celebrated abroad as the most famous representative of Portuguese culture, when she died in 1999, the country’s prime minister called for three-days of national mourning, such is the hold of Fado over the people of Portugal. Take a trip to Lisbon and surrender yourself to the music of the people and fall under the melancholy spell of Fado. See our pick of the top Fado bars in Lisbon or ask the Concierge for more details.
Beco dos Armazéns do Linho 2, 1100-037 Lisboa
With a record of notable clientele including The Rolling Stones, Casa De Linhares attracts big-name Fado performers and serves up hearty Portuguese fare.
Beco Espírito Santo 1, 1100-222 Santo Estêvão – Lisboa
Fado aficionados swear by Parreirinha de Alfama as their favourite venue, no doubt because it’s owned by local Fado legend Argentina Santos and hosts some of the biggest names in the business.
Rua Meio à Lapa 18, 1200 Lisboa
Owned by the legendary Fado star Maria da Fé, this cosy candlelit restaurant provides an intimate setting to hear performances from world-class fadistas.
Rua São João da Praça 86 – 94, 1100-521 Lisboa
One of the most celebrated and atmospheric places to hear Fado music in Lisbon Clube de Fado impresses with its ancient façade, vaulted ceilings and stone arches.
Rua de São João da Praça 18, 1100-520 Lisboa
Hidden away down a narrow street in one of the oldest districts in Lisbon, Páteo de Alfama promises an authentic evening’s Fado, accompanied by a feast of local food and wine.
Set sail on your next voyage and discover Lisbon with a stay on our magnificent Maritime Suite, including an unforgettable coastline tour onboard an exclusive yacht.
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Reading Time: 2 minutes
A new study revealing that current tariffs in the Indian solar sector (hovering at Rs2.50-2.87/kWh) have stabilised at rates about 20-30% below the cost of existing thermal power in India, and up to half the price of new coal-fired power, concludes that the lucrative prices provide enormous opportunities to invest in clean, zero-emissions energy.
The study undertaken by IEEFA and JMK Research & Analytics compared domestic tariffs and the conditions enabling project returns, with the results juxtaposed against solar developer expectations.
Vibhuti Garg, IEEFA energy economist, said their modelling found that as per current market conditions, tariffs below Rs2.50/ kWh are financially not viable in the Indian solar sector. “DEVELOPERS HAVE ALREADY REDUCED THEIR RETURN EXPECTATIONS FROM 14% TO 12%, with tariffs being achieved as low as Rs.2.5/kWh.” “While this rate is very competitive compared to thermal plant tariffs, and lucrative for power distribution companies entering long-term power purchase agreements, this is a floor for developers if they want to make money,” Garg said.
He said Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI) and national power company NTPC also played a key role in building international investor interest. Contractual certainty is in place with counter-party and payment risk assurance from these central government agencies.
According to Jyoti Gulia of JMK Research, conditions in India are very different from other energy markets. “We found a number of competing concerns in our analysis,” said Gulia. “Interest rates, module costs, and capacity utilisation factors (CUF) in particular, have a major impact on solar tariffs and project returns.”
THE COST OF FINANCING IS A BIG ELEMENT IN DETERMINING TARIFFS AND RETURNS, according to the report. Significantly higher interest rates in India compared to other leading renewable energy countries is one of the reasons for higher domestic tariffs. The zero indexation for the 25-year period is also a key value for India that is not explicit in the Year-1 tariff.
“The landed cost of imported modules at a time of currency devaluation is also adversely affecting tariffs, however, this might be compensated by the falling module prices.
Finally, the capacity utilisation factors differ across states in India, in light of significant variations in solar resource quality.
“Any drop in utilisation rates has a significant impact on project returns. As per our report findings, a 3% drop in CUF results in over 7% fall in equity returns.”
Developers must be mindful of all the parameters impacting tariffs when bidding. “To earn reasonable returns on project investments, it is crucial for project developers to factor in the risks and rightfully estimate the costs of every component,” said Garg.
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With community collaboration, our work is love made visible through supportive services and partnership with people experiencing or at risk of homelessness.
The Friendship Center is a place where the hungry are fed, the homeless are sheltered, and everyone is welcome. We believe that every act of generosity and kindness can transform the world for those around us. Every human has value, and we want to envision and create a world without homelessness.
WHAT WE PROVIDE
We provide a continuum of services for men, women and children who are at risk or experiencing homelessness in Central Connecticut. These services range from basic outreach to those living on the streets, to emergency shelter for families and individuals, and transitional living and permanent supportive housing options for those who are transitioning out of homelessness.
We offer meals for the community each day in the Tomasso Family Community Dining Room and work to prevent homelessness through the Emergency Needs Program. Since 1968, the Friendship Service Center has been a place that community members could rely on, and with your support, it will continue to do so.
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Editor’s note: In the wake of the discussion about the ‘ontological turn’ at this year’s American Anthropological Association conference, we asked several scholars, “which texts or resources would you recommend to a student or colleague interested in the uses of ‘ontology’ as an analytical category in recent work in anthropology and science and technology studies?” This was the answer we received from Javier Lezaun, James Martin Lecturer in Science and Technology Governance at the University of Oxford.
Those of us who have been brought up in the science and technology studies (STS) tradition look at claims of an ‘ontological turn’ with a strange sense of familiarity: it’s déjà vu all over again! For we can read the whole history of STS (cheekily and retroactively, of course) as a ‘turn to ontology’, albeit one that was rarely thematized as such.
A key text in forming STS and giving it a proto-ontological orientation (if such a term can be invented) is Ian Hacking’s Representing and Intervening (1983). On its surface the book is an introduction to central themes and keywords in the philosophy of science. In effect, it launches a programme of research that actively blurs the lines between depictions of the world and interventions into its composition. And it does so by bringing to the fore the constitutive role of experimental practices – a key leitmotiv of what would eventually become STS.
Hacking, of course, went on to develop a highly original form of pragmatic realism, particularly in relation to the emergence of psychiatric categories and new forms of personhood. His 2004 book, Historical Ontology, captures well the main thrust of his arguments, and lays out a useful contrast with the ‘meta-epistemology’ of much of the best contemporary writing in the history of science.
But we are getting ahead of ourselves and disrespecting our good old friend Chronology. The truth is that references to ontology are scarce in the foundational texts of STS (the term is not even indexed in Representing and Intervening, for instance). This is hardly surprising: alluding to the ontological implies a neat distinction between being and representing, precisely the dichotomy that STS scholars were trying to overcome – or, more accurately, ignore – at the time. The strategy was to enrich our notion of representation, not to turn away from it in favour of higher plane of being.
It is in the particular subfield of studies of particle physics that the discussion about ontology within STS developed, simply because matters of reality – and the reality of matter – featured much more prominently in the object of study. Andrew Pickering’s Constructing Quarks: A Sociological History of Particle Physics (1984) was one of the few texts that tackled ontological matters head on, and it shared with Hacking’s an emphasis on the role of experimental machineries in producing agreed-upon worlds. In his following book, The Mangle of Practice: Time, Agency, and Science (1995), Pickering would develop this insight into a full-fledged theory of temporal emergence based on the dialectic of resistance and accommodation.
An interesting continuation and counterpoint in this tradition is Karen Barad’s book, Meeting the Universe Halfway: Quantum Physics and the Entanglement of Matter and Meaning (2007). Barad’s thesis, particularly her theory of agential realism, is avowedly and explicitly ontological, but this does not imply a return to traditional metaphysical problem-definitions. In fact, Barad speaks of ‘onto-epistemology’, or even of ‘onto-ethico-epistemology’, to describe her approach. The result is an aggregation of planes of analysis, rather than a turn from one to the other.
Arguments about the nature of quarks, bubble chambers and quantum physics might seem very distant from the sort of anthropo-somatic questions that preoccupy readers of this blog, but it is worth noting that this rarefied discussion has been the terrain where key elements of the current STS interest in ontology – the idioms of performativity and materialism in particular – were first tested.
The work that best represents this current interest in matters of ontology within STS is that of Annemarie Mol and John Law. Their papers on topologies (e.g., ‘Regions, Networks and Fluids: Anaemia and Social Topology’ in 1994; ‘Situating technoscience: an inquiry into spatialities’, 2001) broke new ground in making explicit the argument about the multiplicity of the world(s), and served to develop a first typology of alternative modes of reality. Mol’s ethnography of atherosclerosis, The Body Multiple: Ontology in Medical Practice (2003), is of course the (provisional?) culmination of this brand of ‘empirical philosophy’, and a text that offers a template for STS-inflected anthropology (and vice versa).
One distinct contribution of this body of work – and this is a point made by Malcolm Ashmore in his review of The Body Multiple – is to extend STS modes of inquiry beyond the study of new or controversial entities, and draw the same kind of analytical intensity to realities – like that (or those) of atherosclerosis – whose univocal reality we tend to take for granted. For better and worse, STS grew out of an effort to understand how new facts and artifacts enter our world, and the field remains attached to all that is (or appears to be) new – even if the end-result of the analysis is often to challenge those claims to novelty. The current ‘ontological turn’ in STS would then represent an effort to excavate mundane layers of reality, to draw attention to the performed or enacted nature of that that appears old, settled or uncontroversial. I suspect this manoeuvre carries less value in Anthropology, where the everyday and the taken-for-granted is often the very locus of inquiry.
The other value of the ‘ontological turn’ is, in my view, to recast the question of politics – as both an object of study and a mode of engagement with the world. This recasting can take at least two different forms. There are those who argue that attending to the ontological, i.e., to the reality of plural worlds and the unavoidable condition of multinaturalism, intensifies (and clarifies) the normative implications of our analyses (see for instance the genealogical argument put forward very forcefully by Dimitris Papadopoulos in his article ‘Alter-ontologies: towards a constituent politics in technoscience’). A slightly different course of action is to think of ontology as a way of addressing the intertwining of the technological and the political. Excellent recent examples of this approach are Noortje Marres’s Material Participation: Technology, the Environment, and everyday Publics (2012) and Andrew Barry’s Material Politics: Disputes Along the Pipeline (2013).
In sum, and to stake out my own position, I think STS is best seen as a fairly tight bundle of analytical sensibilities – sensibilities that are manifested in an evolving archipelago of case studies. It is not a theory of the world (let alone a theory of being), and it quickly becomes trite and somewhat ritualistic when it is transformed into a laundry list of statements about what the world is or should be like. In this sense, an ‘ontological turn’ would run counter to the STS tradition, as I see it, if it implies asserting a particular ontology of the world, regardless of whether the claim is that that ontology is plural, multiple, fluid, relational, etc. This sort of categorical, pre-empirical position smothers the critical instincts that energize the field and have driven its evolution over the last three decades. Steve Woolgar and I have formulated this view in a recent piece for Social Studies of Science (‘The wrong bin bag: a turn to ontology in science and technology studies?’), and a similar argument been made often and persuasively by Michael Lynch (e.g., “Ontography: investigating the production of things, deflating ontology”).
Javier Lezaun is James Martin Lecturer in Science and Technology Governance and Deputy Director at the Institute for Science, Innovation and Society in the School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography at the University of Oxford. His research focuses on the politics of scientific research and its governance. He directs the research programme BioProperty, funded by the European Research Council, which investigates the role of property rights and new forms of ownership in biomedical research. Javier is also currently participating in research projects on the governance of climate geoengineering, and new forms of consumer mobilization in food markets.
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by Mary Waddell
ON RETURNING from school one evening and finding her mother with eyes swollen from weeping, and a red mark across one cheek, Esther Fairdale burst into tears. "O, Mother!" she exclaimed, "Father has been drinking again, I know. Where is he now?"
Esther's First Party
"He has just gone with Alec Barnes and Tim Slocum," replied Mrs. Fairdale.
"I wish father would not go with such men. Only yesterday I heard a man call Mr. Slocum 'That old blear-eyed soak.' 0 dear! if I knew people talked that way about father I would be so ashamed I would not want to go to school. Well, l'Il never marry a man who drinks!"
"I sincerely hope not. But, Esther, I did not marry a drinking man. For the first two years your father and I were very happy; then he met Tim and Alec and though I remonstrated they influenced him to believe an occasional drink was harmless. As you know, all of them are drunkards now. lf what we have did not belong to me instead of your father we would be as poor as the Barnes and Slocum families. He struck me today because I refused him money. It is difficult to find work, for people do not like to employ drinking men."
"Mother, it frightens me to think of what might happen to you if father could not get money for drink." Esther was crying again.
"My poor little girl!" said Mrs. Fairdale, drawing her close to her. "We must not give up hope that father will yet try to break this habit that binds him like a slave."
"What you say, Mother, reminds me of what the teacher said about Lincoln and Lee today. You know this is Lincoln's birthday. As you are a Southerner you doubtlesss know what agreat temperance man General Lee was."
"Yes, he was one of the finest gentlemen in all the southland."
"Since father is a northerner he might be interested in Lincoln who, when a young man, made temperance speeches and persuaded people to sign a pledge that helped so many men to stop drinking. I committed the pledge today. Do you suppose .we could get father to sign it?"
"It would do no good for me to say more, but he might listen to you; suppose you try."
When Esther talked with her father, he said, "I am afraid it is too late, little girl; my appetite is stronger than my will power."
"God will help if you do your part," she answered. "If you sign the pledge you will not want to break your promise and that will help you keep it."
Mr. Fairdale could not sleep that night for thinking of what Esther had said. By morning he was ready to sign the pledge she wrote for him. Mrs. Fairdale wept for joy, and Esther's delight was a pleasure to behold. "I just feel like celebrating,"she said.
"How about a party," asked her mother.
"Just the thing!" cried Esther as she danced about the room. On, account of drunkenness in the home she had never given one. The time set for the great event was "Washington's Birthday."
Mrs. Fairdale sang as she prepared good things to eat, and as Mr. Fairdale helped with the decorations he seemed as happy as Esther. All the mothers readily agreed to help with the costumes.
When the time came, Esther and her cousin, Edgar Haddocks, dressed as George and Martha Washington, stood at the door and received their guests in a very formal manner, and later led in a grand promenade about the house. Hal Evans and Tom Turner, too bashful to wear costumes, looked on at first, but they soon joined the parade feeling sorry they had not "dressed up."
"Ain't we havin' the bestes time?" said Ada, one of the Baker twins, as she flourished her fan.
"Hurry up," said Addie, "We're gettin' behind." In front of the twins were Billy Carl and Sadie Campbell, Madge Phillips and James Patterson always found time to argue, while Harry Carroll, walking with Theresa Siders, was so excited he started to sing. Clarence Holmes and Carrie Mays kept close to George and Martha. Being so tall, Anne Sheridan felt justified in marching with more dignity than the others. A gayer crowd never celebrated George's birthday. There were games old and new in which Mr. and Mrs. Fairdale took an active part. Later in the dining room so beautifully decorated with flags, a wonderful feast was served. When no one could eat more, Martha arose and making an old-fashioned curtsy, said:
"When George was a boy, a tiny little boy
And a tiny little hatchet had he,
A cherry tree stood all ready to cut,
just as handy as handy could be.
"Sometimes when a boy's in a tight little place
He will find he can easily lie;
But when it was asked, 'Who damaged the tree?'
George answered quite promptly, ' 'Twas I.,
"The truth, it is a wonderful thing,
Yet lightly 'tis treated each day.
How many a boy who'd President be
Has fallen along the way!"
Making a low bow, George then arose and replied:
Tis true that George was a wonderful boy
And a wonderful man was he;
We'll always remember his truthfulness,
And the hatchet and cherry tree.
"Now a man is only half a man
When a wife has he, 'tis said;
But she has never been called the foot
E'en though he's called the head.
"O, here's to George, the truthful man!
But let us not forget
That Martha, as his better half,
Did help him some-you bet!"
As it was now quite late, the guests were soon on their way home, talking as they went about the great time they had spent. Later, when his little girl had fallen asleep, Mr. Fairdale stole into her room and kissing her, knelt by the bed; there he renewed his vow never to drink again, asking God to help him keep it and thanking Him for such a dear child as Esther.
Published by the Licoln-Lee Legion, Westerville Ohio
Copyright, 192l. The American Issue Publishing Co.
A hard copy of this story can be found at the Anti-Saloon League Museum: ID Number: Story.
9 a.m. - 9 p.m.
9 a.m. - 6 p.m.
9 a.m. - 6 p.m.
1 p.m. - 6 p.m.
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The custom algorithm in our visualization produces a signature "bull's-eye" pattern for each cover:
To celebrate its anniversary, in 2008 WIRED Magazine commissioned us to create a visualization of its history and culture.
We immediately thought of the bold colors the magazine is famous for, and created a visualization of every palette used in 15 years of cover art. The piece depicts every magazine issue before June 2008 in chronological order, with each circle displaying the main colors of the cover it represents.
To create the image, we used a custom algorithm designed to extract "peak" colors from any image. Our algorithm can be applied to any image; we have subsequently used it in other projects, including Flickr Flow.
A low-resolution image of all the covers together is shown below. Each row is a
year of issues and the overall circle sizes represent the magazine's
circulation. (The first row is sparse because the magazine began as a
In print the image ran with a silver background. Wired also created a two-sided poster from this piece, showing the circles on the front and the actual covers on the back.
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Musical theatre is a style of performance that combines singing, dance and drama. Here at the Mobile Music school, we regularly deliver musical theatre workshops for schools. Our musical theatre workshops prove to delight students every time- and now we have even more good news! The benefits of musical theatre workshops are endless, meaning that your child, or even yourself, could receive serious benefits to their confidence, problem solving abilities, and creative abilities! Read on to find out five benefits of musical theatre workshops.
1. Improved self confidence
Firstly, musical theatre workshops push students out of their comfort zone. Performing in front of the class can bring students out of their shells, therefore improving their self confidence. Secondly, students may even discover a hidden talent for dance, drama or acting they never knew they had. Further, getting over their initial nerves and enjoying the workshop can also give students the confidence to try new activities they were previously apprehensive about.
2. Problem solving skills
In drama, students are required to communicate the who, what, where, when and why of a scene. Improvisation encourages quick thinking and problem solving skills, and allows students to get creative and think outside the box. This provides a creative outlet for students,as students can expressive themselves. These quick thinking and creative skills lead to greater adaptability later on in life.
3. Teamwork and trust
Students are required to work as a team during our musical theatre workshops. The social interaction and risk taking in drama develop trust in self, others, and the process. Working as an ensemble can forage friendships, and develop a team building element of the workshops.
4. Social Awareness
Legends, myths, poems, stories, and plays used in drama teach students about social issues and conflicts from cultures past, present, and all over the world. Students learn the backdrop of the scene or piece they are performing, in turn learning all about cultural context and society. Acting out scenes from different situations, time periods, and cultures promotes compassion and tolerance for others.
Students always enjoy themselves at our musical theatre workshops, and in some cases, go on to pursue musical theatre independently. The students having fun and enjoying themselves are the core principles of our workshops, and this in turn improves motivation in school and reduces stress.
Interested in booking one of our musical theatre workshops? Contact us here.
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In every pregnancy, a woman starts out with a 3-5% chance of having a baby with a birth defect. This is called her background risk. This sheet talks about whether exposure to fluoxetine may increase the risk for birth defects over that background risk. This information should not take the place of medical care and advice from your health care provider.
What is fluoxetine?
Fluoxetine is a medication commonly used to treat depression. Fluoxetine is also used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorders, Tourette’s syndrome, eating disorders (bulimia nervosa), and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD). Brand names for fluoxetine are Prozac® and Sarafem®. Fluoxetine belongs to the class of antidepressants known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
I am taking fluoxetine, but I would like to stop taking it before becoming pregnant. How long does fluoxetine stay in your body?
The liver breaks down fluoxetine. Every person’s ability to break down the medication is different. On average, fluoxetine has a half-life (time it takes to eliminate one half of the drug from the body) of two to three days, but may be found in your system for several weeks after you stop taking it. Studies have shown that the levels are fairly low after one to two weeks. An active metabolite of fluoxetine called norfluoxetine has a half-life of seven to sixteen days, but can remain in the body for a much longer time period.
Please talk to your health care provider before you stop taking fluoxetine. The benefits of taking the medication for your specific situation, and any possible adverse outcomes of not taking it, should be discussed with your health care provider.
Can taking fluoxetine make it more difficult for me to become pregnant?
Animal studies have not shown any effect on fertility with the use of fluoxetine. There have been reports of lack of orgasm or delayed orgasm in women and men who take fluoxetine. There have also been reports of men and women who have had infertility problems after being treated with fluoxetine. Further studies are needed to determine fluoxetine’s effect on fertility.
Can taking fluoxetine during my pregnancy cause birth defects?
Fluoxetine is one of the better-studied antidepressants in pregnancy. There are reports of over 2,000 pregnancies exposed to fluoxetine during the first trimester. Studies have generally not found an increased risk for birth defects with fluoxetine use during pregnancy.
I need to take fluoxetine throughout my entire pregnancy. Will it cause withdrawal symptoms in my baby?
If you are taking fluoxetine during the third trimester until the time of delivery, your baby may experience some complications for the first few days of life requiring extra care. Symptoms of withdrawal such as problems breathing, jitteriness, increased muscle tone, irritability, altered sleep patterns, tremors and difficulty eating may occur. In most cases, these symptoms are mild and disappear by two weeks of age with no treatment or with only supportive care. While these problems occur at all doses of fluoxetine, they may occur more often with higher doses of fluoxetine.
Are there any other problems fluoxetine can cause when used in the third trimester?
Further research is needed to answer this question. One study found that third trimester use of fluoxetine compared to first trimester use increased the chances for premature delivery, higher rates of care in the newborn special-care nursery, and lower birth weight and length. In this study, women who stopped using fluoxetine by the end of the second trimester did not seem to be at an increased risk for these problems. Another study did not confirm these findings. Studies have shown that prematurity and other pregnancy complications may be related to the maternal depressive disorder itself rather than to the medication exposure.
One study showed that babies whose mothers take SSRIs like fluoxetine during the second half of pregnancy may be at an increased risk for pulmonary hypertension, a serious lung problem at birth. The risk for this appears to be low. You should inform your obstetrician and your baby’s pediatrician that you are taking fluoxetine so that any extra care can be readily provided.
Should I stop taking fluoxetine before the third trimester?
It is important to discuss with your health care provider the risks associated with taking fluoxetine during pregnancy as compared to the risks of stopping fluoxetine. Studies have shown that when depression is left untreated during pregnancy, there may be increased risks for miscarriage, preeclampsia, preterm delivery, low birth weight, and a number of other harmful effects on the mother and the baby. Only you and your health care provider know your medical history and can best determine whether or not you should stop taking fluoxetine during pregnancy. Some women can gradually wean off of fluoxetine before 28 weeks; for other women, the effects from stopping fluoxetine may be more harmful than the possible risks to the baby if they stay on fluoxetine. The benefits of taking fluoxetine for your specific situation and the potential risks to the baby should be considered before a decision is made.
Will taking fluoxetine have any effect on my baby’s behavior and development?
Studies have begun to look at the possible long-term effects on infants exposed to fluoxetine during pregnancy. Fluoxetine affects the mother by changing chemical levels in the brain. These changes could also have an effect on fetal brain development. Two studies examining development in children at 16 months to 7 years of age did not find differences between exposed and unexposed children. These studies are reassuring; however, more studies are needed before we can be certain of the effects on the fetal brain.
Can I take fluoxetine while breastfeeding?
Fluoxetine and its breakdown product, norfluoxetine, are found in breast milk. The amount of the medication that gets to the breastfed baby is usually less than ten percent of the amount found in the mother’s blood.
There are several small studies and case reports regarding the use of fluoxetine during breastfeeding. Most reports found no problems in breastfed babies. However, in a small number of cases, irritability, vomiting, diarrhea, and/or decreased sleep were seen in newborns. These symptoms were thought to be due to the mother’s use of fluoxetine while breastfeeding. One study also noted a slight decrease in weight gain; however, this decrease would likely only be significant if the infant’s weight gain were already of concern.
One small study showed that babies whose mothers took fluoxetine while breastfeeding scored no differently on neurodevelopmental tests than other babies. More studies need to be done to determine if breastfeeding while taking fluoxetine causes any long-term effects on learning or behavior.
Other antidepressants like paroxetine or sertraline get into breast milk in lower amounts than fluoxetine and therefore may be better to use while breastfeeding. Be sure to talk to your health care provider about all your choices for breastfeeding.
What if the father of the baby takes fluoxetine?
There are no studies looking at possible risks to a pregnancy when the father takes fluoxetine. As stated earlier, fluoxetine could pose some infertility problems in the male. In general, exposures that fathers have are unlikely to increase risks to a pregnancy. For more information, please see the MotherToBaby fact sheet Paternal Exposures and Pregnancy at http://www.mothertobaby.org/files/paternal.pdf.
References Available By Request
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http://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/fluoxetine-prozac-pregnancy/
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"Delay in care for teenager with scoliosis"
About: Royal Orthopaedic Hospital / Trauma and orthopaedics Royal Orthopaedic Hospital Trauma and orthopaedics B31 2AP South East Essex PCT South East Essex PCT Southend-on-Sea SS2 6HE Spire Wellesley Hospital Spire Wellesley Hospital Southend-on-sea SS2 4XH
Posted by cherub (as ),
My 18, now 19, year old daughter went to the doctor with back pain at the beginning of the 2008 year. A locum immediately referred her to the Wellesley private hospital for MRi scans, as he noted she had scoliosis.
This was at great expense to the NHS. However, her doctor then "forgot" to refer her to the Royal orthapaedic! Several months later, we made enquiries and eventually she got an appointment, then another lot of MRI scans. During these 8-9 months, her spine curvature has degenerated badly so that she now needs two 4 hour operations. We are still waiting and have been told February.
From our experience, it seems the Royal orthapaedic is under funded and over worked.
WHY? Many teenagers have this condition, curvature of the spine.
Why isn’t scanning (a simple touch your toes, whilst a doctor looks at their back) done as a routine check, like it is in other countries? Now my daughter has to face life with a metal rod in her back. I’m angry, upset and disgusted at the lack of funding.
Who wants to help campaign?
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<urn:uuid:0d093361-0ccf-4a3c-a144-f42e46762c7a>
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https://www.patientopinion.org.uk/opinions/15460
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Look out, Verdi. Students at Beverly Farms Elementary have written, composed and developed, “Twisted Temptations,” their own opera.
“It has blown my mind what they have come up with,” said Valia Vassila, music teacher and faculty advisor. This is the fifth year students at Beverly Farms have created an original opera.
The students start with a theme, which this year was fear — not surprising consider the students spent almost a month in Code Blue lockdown in the fall.
“They picked the theme last October,” Vassila said.
As a way of demonstrating fear, and the ways courage can overcome fear, the students chose to use dental hygiene and the fears of a new tooth.
The opera features a new tooth, played by Stephanie Weinstein, and its difficulties in choosing between healthy snacks and snacks which could rot her. Helping her along in her epic quest are good and an evil tooth fairy. “Only 11-year-olds could come up with this,” Vassila said.
The students all work together to develop the opera. They choose jobs and are each given a role to play. “We’re all very good friends, so it’s easy to work together,” said Aishini Thiyagarajan, the production manager. “I supervise to make sure that everything is going smoothly.
The play is written by a group of students which each takes a different part. “At first we all did different things, then we all worked together,” said Crystal Chiang, one of the writers.
Students typically worked in areas in which they had an interest. “They know where they are best,” said Vassila.
“We like to play with [make-up] at home,” said Tessa Port a make-up artist for the opera.
“I thought it would be exciting to publicize our opera,” said Laura Ardila. As a result of her interest, Ardila became a public relations representative for the show.
In addition to developing the opera the students are taking the opportunity to help others. They have been selling “Opera grams” to raise funds for the Children’s Inn at NIH. “I expect them to raise over $1,000,” said Vassila.
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http://www.connectionnewspapers.com/news/2003/may/13/not-an-average-school-play/
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An effective dietary supplement used to treat osteoarthritis in the knees is called osteobiflex. The said supplement contains glucosamine and chondroitin, which are substances that have long been used to treat arthritis in the knees by improving its joint comfort, joint flexibility and joint mobility.
Osteobiflex has four strengths which are as follows: regular strength, the double strength, plus MSM, triple strength and advanced.
The regular strength osteobiflex consists of naturally sourced glucosamine and chondroitin. The daily recommended dose is six caplets. Each caplet may be taken at the same time or spread throughout the day. In every six caplet, the regular strength contains 1,500 milligrams glucosamine and 1,200 milligrams chondroitin.
On the other hand, double strength osteobiflex requires a person to take three caplets daily. The said caplets may be take one at a time throughout the day. Double strength gives people the same daily dose of glucosamine and chondroitin contained in six regular strength caplets. However, you get the same dosage in just three caplets.
Meanwhile, osteobiflex MSM requires one to take four caplets each day. These caplets may be taken together all at once, or may be spread throughout the day. For each four caplets, the plus MSM variety contains 1,500 milligrams of glucosamine, 1,200 milligrams of chondroitin and 1,000 milligrams of MSM.
Furthermore, triple strength osteobioflex requires its users to take only two caplets day to day. Like other varieties, this variety may also be taken all together or can be spread throughout the day. Triple strength gives a person the same daily dosage of glucosamine and chondroitin contained by six caplets of the regular strength varieties in just two caplets.
The advance formula variety of osteobiflex contains glucosamine, chondroitin, MSM, manganese and vitamin C, plus something that is called a “joint shield.” A joint shield’s key ingredient is a potent extract of Boswellia serrata called five-loxin. This is ten times more concentrated version compared to ordinary Bosweilla extracts.
Osteobiflex is the only brand that features different ingredients combined with a joint shield and the ingredient called five-loxin which is still pending patent. According to its manufacturer, joint shield with five-loxin works to guard joints against the action of enzymes which ultimately causes pain to the said part of the body. These claims however, were not confirmed the the US Food and Drug Administration, which does not actually regulate dietary supplements.
In addition, unlike many other brands osteobiflex utilize the hydrochloride form of glucosamine. According to clinical tests however, many types of glucosamine differ in their abilities to help reduce arthritis symptoms.
Here is some related info you may be interested in:
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<urn:uuid:f1eb01e1-3ffe-48e7-91e8-c758442b7124>
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CC-MAIN-2016-44
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http://arthritisnaturalremedies.com/osteobiflex/
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You are not currently logged in.
Access your personal account or get JSTOR access through your library or other institution:
Deriving Measures of Intensive Care Unit Antimicrobial Use from Computerized Pharmacy Data: Methods, Validation, and Overcoming Barriers
David N. Schwartz MD, R. Scott Evans MS PhD, Bernard C. Camins MD MSCR, Yosef M. Khan MD MPH, James F. Lloyd BS, Nadine Shehab PharmD MPH, Kurt Stevenson >MD MPH and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Epicenter Program
Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology
Vol. 32, No. 5 (May 2011), pp. 472-480
Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/659760
Page Count: 9
Preview not available
Objective. To outline methods for deriving and validating intensive care unit (ICU) antimicrobial utilization (AU) measures from computerized data and to describe programming problems that emerged.Design. Retrospective evaluation of computerized pharmacy and administrative data.Setting. ICUs from 4 academic medical centers over 36 months.Interventions. Investigators separately developed and validated programming code to report AU measures in selected ICUs. Use of antibacterial and antifungal drugs for systemic administration was categorized and expressed as antimicrobial-days (each day that each antimicrobial drug was given to each patient) and patient-days receiving antimicrobials (each day that any antimicrobial drug was given to each patient). Monthly rates were compiled and analyzed centrally, with ICU patient-days as the denominator. Results were validated against data collected from manual review of medical records. Frequent discussion among investigators aided identification and correction of programming problems.Results. AU data were successfully programmed though a reiterative process of computer code revision. After identifying and resolving major programming errors, comparison of computerized patient-level data with data collected by manual review of medical records revealed discrepancies in antimicrobial-days and patient-days receiving antimicrobials that ranged from less than 1% to 17.7%. The hospital from which numerator data were derived from electronic records of medication administration had the least discrepant results.Conclusions. Computerized AU measures can be derived feasibly, but threats to validity must be sought out and corrected. The magnitude of discrepancies between computerized AU data and a gold standard based on manual review of medical records varies, with electronic records of medication administration providing maximal accuracy.
© 2011 by The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. All rights reserved.
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A report and photos from Massa at JREU. JREU is a member of the ITF-affiliated JRU (Japanese Railway Union).
The 7th day since disaster on 17th March.
JREU and JRU have established the relief operation HQs office just after the disaster on 11 March.
Tohoku and Kanto provinces became the most devastated area. JREU have 12 regional offices, three of them in Morioka, Sendai and Mito where were damaged worst and powerful tsunami, which waves reached at the place 20 meters high, hit the Pacific Ocean side coastal towns and villages there area and ruined them.
The National Police Agency said 3,373 people were confirmed dead and 6,746 were missing but the death toll will be expected to jump further. Some 53,000 people have taken shelter at 2,600 sites in seven prefectures.
We intended to start relief activities but faced some serious difficulties because the disaster is so destructive that infrastructure of transport system, railway and main roads were partly destroyed, telephone and mobile phone were suspended, and what was worse, life lines, supply of electricity, water and gas were stopped.
Then, devastated area was isolated from Tokyo and other areas. Meanwhile, people there, who even maintain their houses, became to suffer from lack of gasoline, food, water and daily necessaries.
On 15 March JREU sent cars loaded relief goods from Tokyo and other unaffected areas to Morioka, Sendai areas, when we first drove to Niigata, located in Japan sea side then went there taking a wide turn but we could go to Mito directory from Tokyo.
Our members now help each other not only in local communities but also in the east Japan area. Yesterday officers from Tokyo & Chiba went to local branch and shelter in Mito and delivered water and food. Today, a team of Niigata & Yokohama stayed a night in Niigata drove to Sendai and Hachiouji & Omiya went to Morioka. A car of JREU Head Office is heading to Sendai to see our members having supplies.
Because of smoke, fires spark from reactors at nuclear power plant that causes evacuate order people in the devastated area faces more difficulties.
We will fulfill what we can do to help but people living in Minami-soma City close to the Fukuhima nuclear power plant started to move to other safe area yesterday by 47 buses.
Thank you for your solidarity.
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The titbit is courtesy of a Samsung presentation wall being set up in Indonesia, posted on Twitter by Ahau.
— Ahau (@Gherrykwok) August 9, 2018
The wall shows some features of the handset, including some detail of the S-Pen. We already pretty much know how it works, but we now know how the pen is powered.
The detail shows the S-Pen is powered by a supercapacitor rather than a battery. A supercapacitor stores energy as electrons on a large surface area substrate, rather than chemical changes such as in a normal Lithium-Ion battery. This means it charges very fast and does not wear out, but tends to have a smaller capacity as it less energy dense than a chemical battery.
Reportedly the S-Pen will be able to charge in its silo in 40 seconds long enough to be used for 30 minutes, suggesting Samsung’s solution should work more than well enough.
The presentation also shows Bixby 2. will offer image search, location-based search and voice translator.
Samsung will be launching the Note 9 at 4 PM BST – keep an eye on the site for all the details.
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Do you remember your first day of college? I do.
It was fall 2011 and I had arrived at Bowling Green State University to major in adolescent to young adult education, which covered grades 7–12. I showed up nearly 45 minutes early to my first class, Introduction into Education, to choose a seat. I didn't want to appear too eager to my peers or not eager enough to my professor.
I was practically radiating nervous excitement. To me, this was it. This was the day I finally started working toward my dreams of becoming an educator.
Fast forward to 2012. I was disappointed with my major. It wasn't the education aspect—oh no, I still loved being in the classroom and working with students in any way possible. But there was something I couldn't quite put my finger on. After speaking with several professors, my advisor, and other education majors, I asked to be assigned a classroom of students much younger than the tenth- and twelfth-grade students I had been working with.
Delaney Buechner and her middle grades students.
The next semester, I walked into a fifth grade classroom and I was hooked
. It was like everything had finally clicked for me; middle childhood education was where I belonged, it was where I needed to be, and it was where I knew I would make the most impact in students' lives.
Surviving the Negativity
Although I had finally found my place in the educational world, there was still one problem. It seemed as though the educational world was filled with nihilists. I like to think of myself as having pretty thick skin, but there's just something about hearing every possible negative remark about your passion that starts to wear on the nerves rather quickly.
From the time I became an education major I'd heard it all: "How will you ever make a comfortable living?" "Aren't you worried about being hurt?" "Why would you want to work such a thankless job?" "I could never be a teacher, but good luck to you." And my personal favorite: "At least you have the summers off, right?"
At first, most of the harsh "realism" came from friends, family, and students in a variety of other majors. Then it started coming from the very people I thought understood how ridiculous all the questions were: other educators. My professors at Bowling Green told us to stay out of the teachers' lounge, and for good reason. By the time I was a junior, I was walking around like a deflated balloon.
It was during my junior year that I had a class with a middle childhood major named Kathleen. Kathleen was the president-elect of our university's Collegiate Middle Level Association chapter. I had never really thought about joining groups before, and no one had ever approached me about CMLA, but Kathleen was in love with CMLA and she wanted to share that love with anyone who seemed interested, which included me.
I eventually attended a CMLA meeting, and it didn't take long before I was signing up to travel to the Ohio Middle Level Association Conference, which was held in Columbus that year.
As I headed to the conference, I was still feeling down about the outlook of my chosen profession. If I heard someone liken it to being a glorified babysitter, I wasn't sure how much longer I could last. Many of my classmates had already changed their majors to something less stressful.
As we stepped into the hotel for the keynote address, I wondered if I was going to hear the same negativity. I hadn't researched a lot of professionals in the education field, at least not yet, and I wasn't sure what their outlook on education was. I was prepared to be disappointed. Let me tell you, I was not. It was like being hit in the face with a burst of fresh air. Everyone there was excited; they were passionate!
I could talk about all the amazing things that happened that weekend, but I would need more space. However, one thing that stuck with me from that conference was one of the keynote "presentations." I use quotation marks because it wasn't really a presentation or speech, it was more like an art performance.
I watched Rick Wormeli dance up and down the aisles, singing his remix of the Sound of Music's "Do-Re-Mi" like nothing I had ever seen before. And he was singing about differentiation. Differentiation was making me more excited about my future teaching career than I had been in months.
I became as involved in CMLA as was possible. I ran for our executive board and became programs director, in charge of finding speakers for professional development meetings. I volunteered. I did everything I could to get more involved.
I was energized, I was ready to take on the world and everyone who told me that teaching wasn't a real career. I knew that no matter what anyone said, this was where I belonged.
The next year, I traveled to Kalahari in Sandusky, Ohio, for the 2014–2015 OMLA conference, where I was awarded the Kathy Hunt-Ullock scholarship, for which I had applied. That conference was just as invigorating as the previous one. I especially remember Ron Clark's enthusiastic plea to us all to be the most amazing teachers we could be.
I'm now in my last year of college, doing my student teaching. I still hear talk of how the outlook for new teachers is dismal, even if the projected number of openings is higher than it's been in years. People continue to warn me that I'm going to regret my decision years down the road when I'm burned out.
But I have inspiring professors, I have a supportive cooperating mentor teacher, and I have peers who helped me find my way to CMLA, OMLA, and AMLE. These organizations restored my passion to get back on track to becoming the most effective educator possible.
I also must acknowledge my Uncle John, whose pep talks gave me endless encouragement and helped me get to this point. After all, I'm going into the most rewarding profession in the world, and the best is definitely in the middle.
Delaney F. Buechner is a senior at Bowling Green State University, completing her student teaching.
Published in AMLE Magazine
, May 2016.
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South Sudan government 'accepts deployment of regional force'
South Sudan's government has accepted the deployment of a regional force to the country, almost a month after fighting erupted between opposing army factions, an African regional bloc said on Friday night.
South Sudan had previously rejected an outside force, but the head of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development said the government had accepted a protection force "without any precondition."
Mahboub Maalim spoke to reporters after several regional heads of state met on the crisis. He said the timing of the deployment of the force, which is meant to protect civilians and help implement a peace deal, will be determined after regional defense chiefs meet in the coming days.
He also said the recently named first vice president, Taban Deng Gai, has agreed to step down if opposition leader Riek Machar returns to South Sudan's capital, Juba.
Mr Machar, who had been first vice president under a peace deal reached in August 2015, fled the capital into hiding shortly after the fighting began last month. His rival, President Salva Kiir, replaced him with Mr Taban, who had acted as the rebels' chief negotiator during peace talks to end a civil war that began in December 2013.
Tens of thousands of people have been killed since the civil war began, and fighting has continued despite the peace deal. The latest violence in the capital created a fresh wave of displaced people, many fleeing the country or into UN camps.
The UN human rights chief on Thursday said South Sudanese security forces had killed and raped civilians in the latest fighting.
Mr Maalim, the Igad secretary-general, told reporters that regional leaders agreed on the opening of humanitarian corridors in South Sudan for the delivery of aid. They also agreed to investigate who and what caused the latest fighting, he said.
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SPRING INTO GARDENING WITH CONTAINERS
Container gardening is one of the quickest ways to jump start the growing season. Once the snow has melted and the northerly winds of winter shift slightly to the south, spring is not far behind. Ahead is the rebirth of all that is green and glorious in the garden. Bulbs are bursting with color and Pansies and Primrose are filling the air with their sweet scent of the season.
Tulips, Daffodils, Hyacinths and Pansies are not exclusive to the garden flower bed anymore, nor are they the only cool weather annuals available. This spring try combining flowering bulbs together in pots for instant color. Or, wow your friends with some unique design know-how by grouping different cool weather annuals, perennial, and edible in containers.
When planting any type of container garden begin with a centerpiece or tallest plant in the arrangement. Consider perennial Columbine and Hellebore both have delicate flowers and soft color palette. Another alternative is the little known annual bulb Ranunculus. This beautiful flower has the look of a cabbage rose and continues to bloom throughout the spring. The colors range from bright orange, to the softest yellow and the hottest red.
Osteospermum, commonly known as African Daisy is beautiful bloomer during the spring. These vibrant colored flowers can last through the summer. The ‘Symphony’ series is a great example. The ‘Lemon Symphony’ variety is a soft pale yellow that is the perfect compliment to any color palette you choose. If you want to add a little fragrance to the garden add Stock, an annual with medium size flower stalks and a delicious spicy fragrance. Nemesia, another favorite spring annual, adds a sweet fragrance and delicate texture to any container combination.
Pansies are the perennial favorites with there wide range of colors and faces. Primroses are great for early spring planting. They tolerate the coolest of temps and can be planted later on in the garden. For a softer texture try a pot of Alyssum, an annual that blooms throughout the early summer. Alyssum adds brightness with its white color and sweet fragrance flowing over the container. Even Petunias, Million Bells and lush green English Ivy can make their seasonal debut in the month of April if we are lucky!
Don’t be afraid to add an edible or two. Cool season starter vegetables and herbs are available now at your local garden center and ready to plant. I always add a little red and green lettuce or Swiss Chard to my containers. It adds texture and variety, along with being delicious to eat!
If you are looking for architectural interest consider adding an obelisk or trellis to the large pot, or bunches of cut curly willow, pussy willow, or forced Forsythia branches, these can add new dimension to your display.
Remember spring containers should not remain empty waiting to be filled with summer annuals. Try some of these new ideas to bring your containers to life this spring season.
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In-Stat/MDR's "Wireless Cribs: Living Large with a Wireless Home Network" report says Wi-Fi technology will take the lead in putting wireless into products like DVDs, game consoles, and high-end television displays. Overall, the report says that the six million Wi-Fi products expected to ship in 2002 will be paltry compared to four years from now, when 33 million Wi-Fi nodes will be sold.
In-Stat gives much of the credit to the grown of 802.11-based networks in the home to product vendors like Linksys, D-Link, SMC, Actiontec, and Netgear for continuing to innovate with current products and try to make them more user friendly.
The market for WLANs in the United States will remain the largest, but In-Stat says the Asia Pacific region will see notable growth, especially in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Australia and Singapore.
802.11 isn't going to just make new inroads into households, but also at the local bank and other financial outlets. TowerGroup's latest research reports ("'Hot Spots' in the Financial Services Enterprise: Is the Wireless LAN Ready for Enterprise Usage?" and "Playing to Win with Wireless LAN: Considerations for Deployment and ROI") say the flexibility of Wi-Fi in not only sending data interoffice but also to customers will put the technology into more and more financial institutions. The lack of credible security -- much of it vendor driven instead of standards based -- has kept many banks from using it, but the group's research shows 14% of North American financial institutions have a WLAN in at least one facility, and that number is expected grow to 50% by 2006.
Whereas the home market's Wi-Fi use will likely go toward high bandwidth uses, like streaming video and audio, TowerGroup's prediction show that WLANs in finance will be fine with the current level of throughput for uses like back-office connectivity and simple roaming in, for example, a bank branch office.
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CC-MAIN-2016-44
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http://www.cioupdate.com/trends/article.php/1489431/Wi-Fi-Growth-At-Home-and-at-the-Bank.htm
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Promotion of goods and services through social media is very popular all around the world. SMM’s goal is to use social media to gain clients’ attention. To put it another way, this is the seller’s job on social media platforms to attract new customers and sell them your service or product. The benefits of using social media are so significant that anyone who isn’t taking advantage of this low-cost resource is missing out on a fantastic marketing opportunity. Let’s take a closer look at the goals, features, and most popular Social Media Marketing approaches (SMM). Social Media Marketing Course in Chennai at FITA Academy will teach you what is SMM in Digital Marketing?
Unique Characteristics Of Social Media Marketing
This sort of advertising is popular because social networks have a large number of users, a high ability to pick candidates who meet the desired criteria, and it can all be done for a low cost.
The labour, on the other hand, is tiresome and necessitates a unique approach. To comprehend each client’s preferences, it’s vital to communicate with them on an equal footing. You’ll need a text, a creative image, and a compelling offer.
Stages of successful social network work include:
- Define the promotion objectives.
- Consumers and customers should be thoroughly researched.
- Choose platforms for successful brand promotion.
- Examine the actions of your competition.
- Find out what customers want.
- Keep a close eye on the work you’re doing.
Techniques Of social media marketing (SMM)
- The first method entails the development of official pages and groups for the purpose of promoting a brand (company). Subscribers pass forth information about the company and its products, as well as an invitation to join the club. People who have subscribed go to the company’s official website and read it before making purchases.
You should constantly draw attention to the website and make it stand out. Text, visuals, and aphorisms can all be used to do this.
Every social media platform has its own set of users. Looking at the most popular social networks, you can say that Facebook caters to a younger demographic, Linkedin caters to business professionals, Instagram caters to women’s goods, Twitter caters to blogs and news, Telegram caters to business products, brands, and services, and YouTube caters to video advertising.
- The second strategy is to communicate and collaborate with bloggers and community owners. When a business partner communicates with the company, the brand and resources are advertised as a link to the company.
- The third strategy is to keep your reputation intact. It is vital to keep track of the company’s feedback and suggestions. If the evaluations are negative, it is critical to smooth them out and persuade the critic of the goods’ distinctiveness.
- The fourth option is to create your own program, which anyone can download and use to learn a lot of new topics. Soft information about the company and its products is contained in these files, which is not particularly relevant.
In any case, Social Media Marketing is a means to use social media to promote a brand or company, inform customers about products and services, and make people happier. Here in this blog, we discussed about what is SMM and how social media marketing works and to learn more about SMM in digital marketing, join Social Media Marketing Online Course at FITA Academy.
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<urn:uuid:2ed41ea0-54a7-4e46-a7d4-78976beca1a1>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.smart-writing.com/what-is-social-media-marketing-and-how-it-works/
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en
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There are three main approaches in Israel to sovereignty over the Temple Mount: There are those who came, despaired and surrendered; those who came and remained strong; and those who have yet to come.
Those who surrendered and those who have yet to come oppose a Jewish presence on the Temple Mount. Those who have remained strongly support it.
Those who came to the Land of Israel inspired by the Zionist vision but who became despaired of that vision – losing their connection to the Land of Israel in the process – are Israel’s leftists. Their burning desire to settle the land morphed into rejection of the land. For them, Jewish sovereignty in the Land of Israel has little meaning – especially, sovereignty on the Temple Mount, which connects Israeli nationalism with its faith.
Those yet to come are the haredim, who never adopted the Zionist vision. For them, Jewish sovereignty in the Land of Israel never had any significance. Praying at the Western Wall under an Israeli flag or under a British flag is one and the same (in the best-case scenario). Their religion is disconnected from a spatial coordinate, and so they are afraid of the place chosen by God.
The haredim are not afraid of connecting Israeli nationalism to its faith. Just the opposite. They are afraid to connect the Jewish faith to the Israeli nationalism reawakening in Israel. They reach the same conclusion as does the Left: basic trepidation from the Temple Mount, fear of the place that connects heaven and earth, the place that transforms the Torah from a religion to a complete culture.
Who supports Israeli sovereignty over the Temple Mount? Everyone else.
I recently appeared on TV’s Avri Gilad Show with Peace Now head Yariv Oppenheimer. The show conducted a poll on the Temple Mount issue among the viewing audience. Despite all of Oppenheimer’s attempts to scare the viewers, 75 percent of the audience said they support, in various degrees of determination, restoration of Israeli sovereignty over the Temple Mount. Clearly, the majority of Israel’s public wants to reconnect to the Temple Mount.
The fear expressed by the leftist Knesset members toward my demand to actualize Israeli sovereignty over the Temple Mount is real. Many are fearful because they believe that the Temple Mount is a powder keg. But just the opposite is true. The Temple Mount – and the entire Land of Israel – are powder kegs because of our fear.
What is the source of this fear?
The fear stems from our loss of confidence in the justice of our cause. Those who do not believe that the Temple Mount – and essentially the entire Land of Israel – is ours, those who feel that they are guests here, are constantly gripped by fear. It is this fear that invites violence.
When the Oslo Accords were signed, the accepted axiom was that the violence was fueled by despair. “If we give our enemies ‘hope,’ they will lose their motivation for violence” was the mantra of that period. Reality, of course, proved otherwise. The Oslo Accords plunged us into a horrific cycle of blood and tears.
Despair does not cause terror. Hope does. The hope for the destruction of the state of Israel.
When Israel strongly reaffirms its sovereignty – especially over the Temple Mount – it closes the window of hope for the destruction of our state. In the short term, we will bear the brunt of threats of violence. But if we remain firm, we will once again enjoy the fruits of our determination, as we did when we opened the Western Wall Tunnel and returned to the City of David despite Arab violence. The same will hold true for any future tests. Our determination will bring us both sovereignty and peace.
This article originally appeared in Hebrew in Makor Rishon.Moshe Feiglin
About the Author: Moshe Feiglin is the former Deputy Speaker of the Knesset. He heads the Zehut Party. He is the founder of Manhigut Yehudit and Zo Artzeinu and the author of two books: "Where There Are No Men" and "War of Dreams." Feiglin served in the IDF as an officer in Combat Engineering and is a veteran of the Lebanon War. He lives in Ginot Shomron with his family.
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Our comments section is intended for meaningful responses and debates in a civilized manner. We ask that you respect the fact that we are a religious Jewish website and avoid inappropriate language at all cost.
If you promote any foreign religions, gods or messiahs, lies about Israel, anti-Semitism, or advocate violence (except against terrorists), your permission to comment may be revoked.
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CC-MAIN-2016-44
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http://www.jewishpress.com/indepth/columns/moshe-feiglin/despair-hope-and-explosives/2014/03/13/
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|
en
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Vitamin D Newsletter
HIV and AIDS Introduction
Vitamin D may be beneficial in reducing the risk of AIDS.
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease of the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
As treatment can be very expensive, finding simple ways to reduce the risk and severity of this disease is an important goal.
Individuals with HIV/AIDS often have low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels. Low serum 25(OH)D levels have been linked to both increased risk of acquiring HIV and progression to AIDS.
In addition, treatment of HIV/AIDS with highly active antiretroviral therapy has been found to reduce serum 25(OH)D levels and bone mass density.
Vitamin D is likely beneficial in reducing the risk of HIV/AIDS through induction of cathelicidin and defensins, which have been found to reduce the risk of other viral and bacterial infections.
Patients with HIV/AIDS should consider having their serum 25(OH)D levels measured and then increase oral intake to increase levels to the 30-40 ng/mL range, however being careful to monitor any adverse effects of doing so such as hypercalcemia.
Page last edited: 14 May 2011
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.vitamindcouncil.org/health-conditions/infections-and-autoimmunity/hiv-and-aids/introduction/
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en
| 0.951663
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Secretary of State Hillary Clinton on Tuesday appealed for caution by all those involved in the aftermath of Israel's lethal raid against a flotilla that tried to deliver aid to the blockaded Gaza Strip. U.S. Middle East envoy George Mitchell is being dispatched to the region for urgent contacts with Israeli and Palestinian officials.
The Israeli military operation against the aid flotilla that killed at least nine pro-Palestinian activists has complicated U.S. efforts to expedite Israeli-Palestinian peace talks.
Speaking to reporters after meeting with Romanian Foreign Minister Teodor Baconschi, Clinton said the incident underscores the need to reach a two-state solution to the Middle East conflict. She urged restraint on the part of all those involved in the incident.
"I think the situation from our perspective is very difficult and requires careful, thoughtful responses from all concerned," said Hillary Clinton. "But we fully support the U.N. Security Council's action last night in issuing a presidential statement. And we will work to implement the intention that this presidential statement represents."
The United States joined other U.N. Security Council member countries in a statement expressing deep regret over the casualties in the Israeli operation, and condemning acts that resulted in the loss of life and other casualties.
The council called for a prompt, impartial, credible and transparent investigation of the incident conforming to international standards.
The Obama administration says Israel is "best positioned" to conduct the investigation. But Clinton said the United States is open to alternate ideas.
"We support an Israeli investigation that meets those criteria," she said. "We are open to different ways of assuring a credible investigation, including international participation. And we will continue to discuss these ideas with the Israelis and our international partners in the days ahead."
Clinton urged Israel to allow consular access to all activists detained after the incident and immediately repatriate the dead and injured.
She also called the broader situation in Israeli-blockaded Gaza "unsustainable and unacceptable." Clinton said humanitarian needs in the Hamas-controlled area must be met along with legitimate Israeli security concerns.
The secretary of state discussed the situation earlier Tuesday with Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglo, who had come from the Security Council deliberations in New York.
The Turkish official told reporters that the Israeli attack on the flotilla, which carried about 300 Turkish nationals, was the psychological equivalent for Turkey of the 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States.
Davutoglo urged outright U.S. condemnation of what he called a criminal act by Israel.
"What do we expect? One, a clear and formal apology from the Israeli government, not only for the people of Turkey, but for the international community for the families of those who lost their lives," said Ahmet Davutoglo. "Second, an independent, not national, investigation - an objective transparent investigation. If someone says Israel can do their own investigation, no. It did not happen in the territories of Israel, it happened on the international sea."
The Turkish foreign minister said the attack scuttled an effort by his government to broker renewed, indirect peace talks between Israel and Syria.
U.S. Middle East envoy Mitchell moved up his planned departure for the region by several hours because of the flotilla incident. He is expected to meet Palestinian leaders on Wednesday and Israeli officials on Thursday in a bid to salvage U.S.-brokered "proximity" peace talks.
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<urn:uuid:72befaf7-8776-4f82-88c8-34737c1ecb01>
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CC-MAIN-2016-44
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http://www.voanews.com/a/clinton-urges-caution-in-aftermath-of-gaza-flotilla-raid-95359634/118694.html
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|
en
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Characterization of Surface Cracks Through The Local Magnetic Field Induced by Eddy Currents
It is important to reliably characterize cracks in metallic mechanical parts in order to assess the serenity of damage due to fatigue. The most important parameter for this is the crack depth. This is notoriously difficult with standard Eddy current techniques. We show here that this can be achieved by measuring the local magnetic field induced by Eddy currents flowing around the crack. This is done by using a high-density array of micro-Hall sensors integrated in a single CMOS chip with a spatial resolution of 10 mu m. We present the dependence of the signal on varying crack depths, liftoff and yaw angle. Finally, we study the response of the sensor to cracks in a DC magnetic field, i.e. the flux leakage due to the presence of a crack. This is especially relevant to cases where cracks appear predominantly close to edges with complex geometries for which it is difficult to induce clean Eddy currents.
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<urn:uuid:31b86eec-3ec9-4a38-bffc-1891ec6fdecb>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/198396
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00401-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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en
| 0.930411
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You can make an iMac run faster through two major ways: hardware upgrades and software fixes. Hardware upgrades are by far the most efficient way to make a computer run faster, as they add newer, faster components to your iMac. Software fixes are slightly beneficial as they optimize OS X for better performance.
Consider Upgrade Options
Upgrade your iMac's RAM memory. Newer iMacs come equipped with at least 2GB of RAM. So, if you have a newer iMac, you probably do not need to upgrade the memory. However, many older iMacs were sold with only 512MB or 1GB of RAM standard. If this is the case with your iMac, consider upgrading the RAM to 2GB or 4GB. Not only will you notice a difference in overall speed, but you will be able to run more applications simultaneously as well. Purchase RAM upgrades in matching pairs. IMacs have two RAM memory slots. Be sure to use the same sized RAM module in each slot. For example, a 1GB RAM module in each slot would give you an overall RAM memory capacity of 2GB. But a 1GB RAM module in one slot and a 2GB RAM module in the other slot would not give you a great advantage over the 1GB-1GB setup. IMacs run in dual-channel mode to better utilize RAM memory. Dual channel mode only works with matching pairs.
Consider upgrading your version of OS X. If you are running on an older OS X version such as Tiger, your iMac is outdated. The newest and current version of OS X, Snow Leopard, claims to be the fastest version of OS X yet. Upgrading to Snow Leopard should make your iMac run considerably faster.
Consider upgrading your iMac's hard drive. If the hard drive on your iMac is close to being full, this can play a role in how your iMac performs. A bigger hard drive with some extra space will cut back on seek time, allowing your iMac to find information faster. Get a hard drive with a faster RPM rate. If you have an older iMac, you may be using a 5400 RPM hard drive. Consider upgrading to a 7200 RPM drive which spins and seeks information faster. If you want to go all out, you can get a SSD (solid state drive). A solid state drive is a type of hard drive that relies on direct memory rather than a spinning disk to record and write information. SSDs are currently the fastest type of hard drive available.
Software Fixes For Speed
Repair the disk permissions on your iMac's hard drive. This can be done by using the disk utility, located at the path: Finder - Applications - Utilities - Disk Utility. As more and more applications build up on your computer, the iMac's permissions database sometimes gets confused. This can lead to apps not launching and operating at their full potential. Repairing disk permissions will fix this.
Adjust applications that start up everytime you use your iMac. This can be done within system preferences by using the path: Finder - Applications - System Preferences - Accounts - Login Items.
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<urn:uuid:f6e2f959-df69-4d6f-81f5-a8164468c5c6>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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https://www.techwalla.com/articles/ways-to-make-my-imac-run-faster
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00493-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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en
| 0.925671
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| 2
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- How much energy does a human need to survive?
- How many AA batteries does it take to cook a chicken?
- Does the type of pants affect the energy released, and if so how signifigantly? Couldd a pair of navy pants power
- How soon will we have power from nuclear fusion to charge our batteries?
- How many AA batteries does it take to power the UK for one day/year/month?
- Could you use the energy from the human body to power lights heating etc. wouldn't this be eco-friendly? can you also
- What are the main political barriers to finding and implementing large-scale renewable energy plans? How do we overcome
- In your opinion which is the most important development in the use of energy? The use in mobile phone chargers in
- Why when we see electrons passing through the air do they appear to be purple? Also, where does the charge in lightning
- Thank you for the enlightening and informative lecture. What I would like to know is about the third world countries
- Who invented electricity?
- How many scientists watch Big Bang theory and have any become angry to find out it has nothing to do with the big bang
- Will increasing energy sources increase the rate of global warming?
- What is the best advice you would give to aspiring young scientists?
- What is the role of nanotechnology (such as using fullerenes/tubes) in fuel?
- When was the RI founded and who by?
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<urn:uuid:86bb1f40-1d13-4c59-b80b-984471ed8409>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://xmasenergy.imascientist.org.uk/2017/01/06/why-compare-the-energy-used-to-power-the-lecture-to-aa-batteries-for-a-start-they-are-aa-cells-you-do-not-state/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00210-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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en
| 0.949687
| 312
| 2.609375
| 3
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We have a couple of excellent articles up at Mother Jones today about the conflict in the Middle East. (Both come by way of Foreign Policy in Focus.) In the first, retired U.S. Army Colonel Daniel Smith writes that just as the Bush doctrine of preventive war has failed to make the United States more secure in the world (while making the world more insecure from the the U.S.), so has Israel's security strategy--responding to any provocation with the application of maximum force--failed to win it peace and security. He writes: "Perhaps the United States and Israel should try something that neither country is very good at: examining policy from the viewpoint of those who do not have overwhelming military firepower."
In the other piece, Stephen Zunes reflects on last week's congressional resolution in support of Israel, which he argues, "reveals a bipartisan consensus on the legitimacy of U.S. allies to run roughshod over international legal norms. The resolution even goes so far as to radically reinterpret the United Nations Charter by claiming that Israel's attacks on Lebanon's civilian infrastructure is an act of legitimate self-defense...despite a broad consensus of international legal scholars to the contrary.
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<urn:uuid:99a43c54-2f09-4436-9a30-de4c6eab7cd5>
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CC-MAIN-2016-44
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http://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2006/07/new-mother-jones-war-middle-east
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721387.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00448-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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en
| 0.938151
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| 1.554688
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Back to the Future Titles Photoshop Tutorial from David Occhino Design
Time: 60-90 minutes
This is a free Adobe Photoshop™ tutorial from David Occhino Design.
If you have intermediate Photoshop and Illustrator skills, the Back to the Future movie titles are not difficult to re-create. This step-by-step guide will demonstrate a few simple tricks that simulate the bold, adventurous look of the famous Back to the Future movie titles, originally designed by artist Andrew Probert.
Back to the Future Movie Titles Tutorial by David Occhino Design
Prerequisite Photoshop skills:
create, copy, lock and rename layers
create and rename layer groups
copy and paste image data
create, move and rename layers
work with selections, select and deselect
use the paint bucket, gradient fill and brush tools
B) Create a Photoshop file with the dimensions you need.
C) Using the Paint Bucket tool , fill the background with 50% gray (808080).
D) Name and save the file and exit Photoshop.
Step 2: Type the text in Illustrator
A) Open Adobe Illustrator and set up a new file. An 8.5" x 11" file will work fine.
B) Using the Type tool and the Time Travel Back font at 120 pt., type the top word in black (000000).
C) Use the Type tool create a second text layer. Using the Time Travel Forward font at 120 pt., type the bottom word.
D) Select both type layers (Fig. 2) and convert the text to paths (Object: Expand...).
Step 3: Adjust the text
A) Using the Free Transform tool , scale the lettering to the size you want.
B) Using the Direct Selection tool , select the bottom word and use the Move tool to raise the bottom word so that only a narrow gap of space separates the top and bottom word (Fig. 3).
Step 4: Add perspective to the text
A) Using the Direct Selection tool , select only the top word. Apply a Free Distort (Effect: Distort & Transform: Free Distort) and set the envelope:
B) Select only the bottom word. Apply a Free Distort (Effect: Distort & Transform: Free Distort) and set the envelope:
Your artwork should look similar to Fig. 4.
Step 5: Customize the lettering
To achieve a custom hand-lettered look, modify the letters in the Time Travel font by making minor adjustments to the letter shapes to add balance.
A) Use the Direct Selection , tools to modify any letter shapes of the letters as needed. In this example, the capital "R" was made to extend into the capital "A."
B) Once all adjustments have been made, select all the text. With the Pathfinder window open (Window: Pathfinder), click on the "Unite" option:
This unifies the lettering paths.
Step 6: Create the text outlines
A) With the lettering selected, add a black stroke and change the fill to transparent (none). The thickness of the stroke will depend on the size of your artwork. Use Fig. 6 as a guide.
D) Save the Illustrator artwork (to be on the safe side) and then copy all the lettering so that it can be pasted in Photoshop. Keep the Illustrator file open as you'll be coming back to it.
Step 7: Add the lettering to Photoshop
You be adding to new layers to Photoshop that you'll use for the creation of the final artwork.
A) Paste the Illustrator data that you just copied into a new layer in Photoshop. If it doesn't paste, go back to Illustrator, select the artwork, return to Photoshop and paste (Fig. 7).
If you find that the artwork isn't the preferred size, delete the Photoshop layer, return to Illustrator and use the Free Transform tool to scale the artwork to the correct size, copy it, and then repaste.
You now have the outlines of the letters in Photoshop. Rename this layer "Lettering Outlines."
B) Return to Illustrator and select the artwork. Set the fill color to black and the stroke to none (zero). Copy this solid text, go back to Photoshop and paste the solid lettering into a new layer and rename the layer "Lettering Fill." Be sure that the "Lettering Fill" layer is under the outline later (see Fig. 7a).
C) Quit Illustrator: you won't need it for the remainder of this project (unless you decide to tweak the lettering further, and in that case, be sure to delete all the vector art layers in Photoshop and repeat steps 7A-C.)
Step 8: Create the fill gradient
A) Rasterize both of the Lettering layers (Layer: Rasterize: Smart Object) and lock the transparent pixels of both layers:
B) To prepare for the gradient fill, set the foreground and background colors:
Foreground: Dark Red (920f0c)
Background: Orange (fa9902)
C) With the "Lettering Fill" layer active, use the Polygonal Lasso to make a selection area of just the top word. Then, using the Gradient Fill tool , create a gradient that matches that in Fig. 8 above. After this, invert the selection (Select: Inverse) and create the same gradient — but reversed — for the bottom word.
Step 9: Prep the outline for painting
A) To prepare for the gradient fill, set the foreground and background colors:
Foreground: Blue (495989)
Foreground: Silver (e3e5ed)
C) With the "Lettering Outline" layer active, use the Polygonal Lasso to make a selection area of just the top word. Then, using the Gradient Fill tool , create a gradient that matches that in Fig. 9. After this, invert the selection (Select: Inverse) and create the same gradient — but reversed — for the bottom word.
C) Fill the background layer with black (000000).
Fig. 10 - click image to enlarge
Step 10: Paint the outline highlights and shadows
This next step takes a while to complete, but the effort is well worth it.
A) With the "Lettering Outline" layer still active, use the Polygonal Lasso to select a single segment of the outline for painting (Fig 10a, frame 1).
B) With this small segment selected, use a soft-edged Paintbrush tool add highlights and shadows to the segment. Use the same Blue (495989) and Silver (e3e5ed) to paint the segment as shown in Fig. 10a.
C) Continue this painting process with all the line segments in the outline. To see a larger image that shows the details of all the highlights, click here.
For most purposes, your artwork will be completed after the painting of the highlights and shadows. However, if you want to pull out all the stops on this project, you can continue your design journey with the following optional steps.
Fig. 11 - click image to enlarge
Step 11: Optional enhancements
While the classic background is suitable, you might choose a different approach. In our example, a custom illustration of a clock face with lightning bolts was used. A canvas texture was added, giving the artwork an authentic painted look. A drop shadow was added to make the text pop above the background (Fig. 11).
If you would like to use the custom illustration by artist David Occhino, click here for a low-res version which can be used only for non-commercial, non-business-related purposes only. To use the artwork for a commercial or business project, contact us.
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<urn:uuid:1c041552-5167-4180-969a-861eeae09561>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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Over the last decade, an increasing number of consumers have embraced the convenience of online shopping. As a result, e-commerce has experienced steady growth.
And the COVID-19 pandemic significantly sped up this growth. In fact, while total retail spending has declined this year, e-commerce has exploded. eMarketer predicts e-commerce will grow 18% in 2020.
This is great news for brands that sell online, especially those in categories that have experienced exceptionally high growth. According to Bazaarvoice, those categories include toys and games, food and beverage, health and beauty, and others.
But there’s also a downside to this massive e-commerce growth. Namely, a surge in online orders will almost certainly be followed by an increase in product returns. After all, 15-40% of online purchases are returned, compared to 5-10% of items purchased in-store.
What’s more, the holiday shopping season can account for up to 40% of total annual sales. Having nearly half of those goods and services returned would weigh heavily on your bottom line. So it’s well worth your time to understand the potential cost of returned goods and to be proactive to mitigate this unsavoury reality of e-commerce.
Let’s take a deeper look at the impact of returns on e-commerce brands and retailers, as well as seven practical actions you can take to significantly slash your e-commerce return rates.
The High Cost of E-Commerce Returns
Returns are a headache for brands and retailers. And a costly one at that.
E-Commerce Returns Are Expensive
An analysis from Appriss Retail found that last year, in the United States alone, $309 billion worth of merchandise was returned. Returns from online purchases accounted for $41 billion.
But lost sales are only the tip of the iceberg. Many other costs are associated with product returns.
Take, for example, shipping costs. Today, many consumers expect free shipping and returns. A 2018 study from the National Retail Federation found that 75% of shoppers in the US expected free shipping — even on purchases under $50. And a 2018 survey from Narvar found that 69% of consumers would avoid shopping with a brand if they knew they had to pay for return shipping.
Your brand might pay for shipping both ways to meet customer expectations. But when merchandise is returned, that’s money gone — without a sale to show for it.
Of course, there are also costs associated with receiving, sorting and repackaging merchandise.
Finally, there’s a lot of returned merchandise that can’t be resold at full price — or at all. According to Gartner Research, less than half of returned merchandise is resold at full-price. For example, if a piece of clothing is returned that’s out of season, the retailer will likely discount it. Or if an opened package of makeup is returned, the brand will be forced to trash it. In both cases, the brand is losing money.
E-Commerce Returns Can Damage Your Reputation
Returns can also have a negative impact on your hard-earned reputation. For starters, an unhappy shopper will likely steer clear of your brand in the future. According to data from Happy Returns, a staggering 87% of consumers won’t shop with a brand again if they have a bad returns experience. Having a central, integrated tool for handline returns, exchanges and repairs is key to a seamless process that won’t sour your valuable relationship.
Plus, unhappy shoppers are likely to tell others about their bad experience. They might even write negative reviews about your product or company, which will deter future buyers.
7 Simple Ways to Reduce E-Commerce Returns
E-commerce returns are frustrating and costly to brands. While there’s no way to completely eliminate returns, there are things you can do to decrease your return rates. The key is to provide your shoppers with all of the information they need to make informed purchase decisions.
If you’re looking for ways to reduce your e-commerce returns (and who isn’t), here are seven key actions to take.
1. Enhance Product Descriptions
When shoppers visit a brick-and-mortar store, they have the opportunity to touch and see a product before purchasing. For example, a shopper can try on a pair of pants to check out quality and fit.
But when shopping online, consumers depend on product descriptions to find the items that best fit their needs.
Great product descriptions give shoppers realistic expectations. When shoppers know what to expect, there are fewer surprises when their purchases arrive in the mail. And they’re less likely to return products.
Review your product descriptions to ensure they’re detailed and accurate. And be sure to spell out what is (and isn’t) included. Though it might be tempting, avoid overselling your products. Doing so will result in disappointed customers — and more returns.
A great resource for uncovering unclear product details is the customer Q&A section. If a topic is not covered in your description and warrants one or multiple customer questions, it should probably be added to your product description. We’ll discuss the value of Q&A for reducing e-commerce returns in more detail in tip #5.
2. Provide Plenty of Visual Content
Photos and videos convey information in a way words alone can’t. So be sure you’re providing your shoppers with plenty of visual content. Again, this is an important step to ensure shoppers know what to expect from your products.
Be sure to provide visuals that capture different aspects of a product. Let’s take, for example, this full cover moisturiser from It Cosmetics. While the main image is a photo of the product’s packaging, the brand also includes a close-up shot of the product itself, which gives shoppers a better idea of texture.
This next photo does double duty, helping shoppers understand what the product looks like on different skin tones — and how large the packaging is.
The brand also includes a video on the product listing that provides an even closer look at the product in action.
Remember: while it’s important to show your products in the best light, it’s also critical to make sure your photos and videos are realistic. According to an infographic from Invesp, a top reason e-commerce shoppers return products is because they look different than pictured.
3. Showcase Product Reviews
Before making a purchase, shoppers want to hear about the experiences of others like them. Product reviews provide this insight.
What’s more, reviews (both positive and negative) help shoppers make more informed purchase decisions, which can reduce the amount of merchandise that’s returned to you.
For example, let’s say a customer is shopping for a new pair of running shoes. She does a quick search and comes across this fun pair of shoes that perfectly fit her style. They’ve got an average star rating of 4.5 and lots of great reviews.
Before she adds them to her cart, she takes a closer look at the reviews. A lot of the four- and five-star reviews rave about how the shoes are great for track running. And several of the one- and two-star reviews mention the shoes aren’t great for trail running. The shopper primarily runs on trails. So based on this information, she keeps searching for a pair of shoes that better fit her needs. She finds another pair she loves that are great on trails, and the retailer avoids an unnecessary return.
You can display the review content on your product pages where it’s easy to find and read, regardless of the device a consumer is using to shop.
4. Respond to Negative Reviews
Shoppers write negative reviews for a variety of reasons. But in some cases, the issues that are raised in a negative review are due to user error. When a brand responds with some quick tips or helpful information, they’re helping the customer have a better experience with the product. And that can help the brand avoid an unnecessary return.
For example, this customer wrote a one-star review for a skincare product, indicating it left an oily residue on her face. The brand responds to the negative review with some helpful application tips, as well as an invitation to chat with a consultant for more help. When the shopper understands how to use the product correctly, she’ll have a better experience. And she’ll be less likely to send the product back.
If you’re a Reputation Studio customer, you can easily monitor and respond to all of your reviews from one platform, regardless of where they were written. That way, you can spot negative reviews early on and respond with information that’ll help shoppers use your products correctly — and help you avoid returned merchandise.
Want to learn more about how responding to negative reviews can turn a bad situation around — and prevent unnecessary product returns? Check out this blog that’s full of tips for responding to negative reviews.
5. Empower Shoppers to Ask Questions
If a customer has a question about a product while shopping in a store, they can find a sales associate to ask. But when they’re shopping online, it can be more challenging for that shopper to get their questions answered.
Be sure you’re giving your shoppers ways to ask questions before making a purchase. That way, they’ll have all of the information they need to make informed purchase decisions.
One key way to do this is to add Q&A software to your product pages, enabling your shoppers to get all of their questions answered before purchase. For example, this shopper asked if the arch support can be removed from a pair of shoes. The brand responds by letting him know the insole is removable, but he’d need to put in a different one. After getting his question answered, the shopper has a better understanding of what to expect, which means he’ll be less likely to return the shoes.
Another way to address questions from online shoppers is to add live chat to your e-commerce site. Shoppers will make more confident purchase decisions after chatting with one of your associates. And they may even end up spending more. According to Forrester, there’s a 10% increase in average order value when a shopper engages in a live chat prior to making a purchase.
6. Feature Size and Fit Information
A top reason shoppers return merchandise — especially apparel — is because it doesn’t fit. To reduce returns, it’s critical to provide your shoppers with the information they need to purchase the correct size.
At a minimum, provide an accurate size chart on your product pages. And consider adding an interactive tool that allows shoppers to determine the best size for them, based on other apparel items they own.
Finally, collect size and fit information from customers who write apparel reviews. For example, ask those who write reviews for apparel items to indicate how the item fit — large, small or true to size. Then, display that information on your product pages.
For example, a shopper can see that this pair of pants runs slightly small, based on customer feedback. As a result, they opt to order a larger size than they typically wear. The pants arrive, they fit great and the retailer avoids a return.
7. Analyse the Reasons Your Shoppers Return Merchandise
You likely ask your shoppers to provide reasons for returns. But are you doing anything with this information?
Be sure you’re regularly analysing this data to improve products and experiences.
For example, maybe you notice a lot of shoppers return the same skirt — and indicate it’s because of poor quality. You may want to work with the manufacturer to see how you can improve the product. Or, you might completely pull it.
Or if several shoppers return a children’s toy because it’s not what they expected, there may be an opportunity to enhance the product page with a better description and more visual content.
How You Handle E-Commerce Returns Can Make or Break the Customer Experience
Regardless of how much you optimise your digital shelf to reduce returns, they are bound to happen. It’s a natural part of retail, and you must accept returns to instill the confidence to buy in the first place.
The returns process can be particularly painful when you are a multichannel e-commerce company. It’s only a matter of time before the approach to using different marketplaces, channels and apps to manage orders, returns and inventories in their own silos backfires. For example, two customer service reps could promise the last available replacement item to two different customers at the same time.
That’s why having an integrated system for returns is key to success. Cloud Conversion allows agents to process returns, exchanges and repairs from multiple marketplaces and channels in one central place.
Workflows help automate communication and logistics with a simple barcode scan. The Cloud Conversion solution also shops for the best return shipping rates so you are optimizing your ROI even as you’re processing a return.—
Blog post by Faith Hinz, Content Marketer at Reputation Studio
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Today, we remember to lives of Layne Staley and Kurt Cobain, two of the most prominent vocalists and lyricists of the ‘Grunge’ era. In this piece, we will concentrate on the life and contributions of the [lastfm link_type=”artist_info”]Nirvana[/lastfm] frontman, Kurt Cobain.
[lastfm link_type=”artist_info”]Kurt Cobain[/lastfm] was born on February 20, 1967 in Aberdeen, Washington to parents Donald and Wendy. The pair would divorce in 1975. Kurt would move in with his father several months later. In 1978, Donald would remarry, leaving Kurt feeling neglected and resentful of his stepmother and her children. His life would change in 1981 when his Uncle Chuck bought him a guitar for his birthday.
1985 brought great change to Kurt’s life. He dropped out of high school and his father encouraged him to join the Navy. He would take the entrance test and pass. However, Kurt rejected joining the service. He later would form Fecal Matter with Dale Crover of [lastfm link_type=”artist_info”]the Melvins[/lastfm], a group Cobain highly idolized. They went on to record a demo and play a few small gigs.
Finally, in 1987, Kurt formed a new band with his high school friend Krist Novoselic and Steve Newman. The group would consider a few names before settling on Nirvana. The following year, Cobain, Novoselic, and Crover would record and release their first demo “Love Buzz/Big Cheese” in October.
Seattle label Sub Pop Records released Nirvana’s debut album Bleach in June of 1989. The album did not sell well at first, but was eventually certified Gold in 1995. To this day, it has sold over four million copies worldwide. Bleach contained their single “About a Girl” and a re-recorded version of “Love Buzz.” The album also earned them enough notoriety to join [lastfm link_type=”artist_info”]Sonic Youth[/lastfm] on a west coast tour. Prior to the tour, their drummer, Chad Channing left the group following several internal disputes. Dale Crover would fill in until the group was introduced to drummer Dave Grohl of the Washington D.C. hardcore group, Scream. Grohl would officially join the group in 91. Cobain would also start dating Courtney Love in the summer of 1991.
Contradictory to their anti-establishment/punk-rock attitude, Nirvana would sign to Geffen records in ’91. On September 10th, “Smells Like Teen Spirit” was released, spurring a musical and cultural revolution. The album, Nevermind, was dropped two weeks later. It would reach #1 status in January 1992. The group would perform Saturday Night Live on January 11 and end their set trashing the set and kissing one another. The “make-out” session was edited out of the televised version.
On February 24, 1992, Cobain married Courtney Love in Waikki Beach, Hawaii. Their daughter, Frances Bean was born on August 18th the same year. Love and Cobain would inflict some public criticism when Love admitted in a Vanity Fair article to heroin use while pregnant. Their daughter was removed from their custody for several weeks.
Kurt Cobain continued in a downward spirl of drug addiction, overdosing twice in 1993. The first time occurred on May 2nd. Luckily, Love revived him with a shot of Buprenorphine. Months later, Love would save him again of a heroin overdose with a shot of Narcan. Cobain went on the perform at the New Music Seminar in New York City the same night. In Utero was released on September 21. The album featured “Heart Shaped Box”, “All Apologies”, and “Rape Me”. All three singles would reach #1 on Alternative Charts while the album went to #1 on Billboard’s 200 Chart. Nirvana would become the first group to appear twice on SNL, when they performed “Heart Shaped Box” and “Rape Me” on September 25th. The MTV Unplugged album was recorded weeks later on November 18 and be released the following year.
While on tour in Germany of March of 1994, Cobain was diagnosed with bronchitis and larygitis. While on break of the tour, Cobain would overdose again on a combination of alcohol and rohypnol in his hotel room in Rome on March 4th. When he returned home, Love held an intervention with friends and band mates on March 25th. Days later on the 30th, Cobain entered the Exodus Recovery Center in Los Angeles, only to leave the following day.
On April 8, 1994 the body of Kurt Cobain was discovered by a serviceman in the guest house of his home at Lake Washington with a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head. Two days later, a vigil was held in the park at Seattle Center. Thousands of fans gathered to remember Kurt and hear Courtney Love read his suicide note that he left to his family and fans.
As we recount the careers of Kurt Cobain and Layne Staley, it is important to learn from their struggles with addiction. Still, their contributions to rock music and grunge culture are insurmountable, and we pay homage to both of these men on the anniversary of their death, April 5th.
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In this report, we share findings based on responses to a number of diversity questions that we asked as part of a larger GlobeScan-SustainAbility Survey, Evaluating Progress on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which was published in February 2021 with our partners from GlobeScan.
The intention was to explore the current state of diversity among the sustainability professionals who take our surveys, and to find out whether and how women and/or those belonging to one or more minority groups feel their careers have been affected by the way that they self-identify.
As the sample sizes presented here are relatively small, findings are indicative. Nevertheless, we believe they represent important insights into the current state of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DE&I) in the industry and suggest that there are significant issues that need to be resolved to enable the full potential of all sustainability professionals.
This report is based on responses from the 496 sustainability professionals from 75 countries who completed the SDG survey.
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What do Pell Grants, International Houses, Sister Carrie, and an oral history of a WWII Army Air Corps veteran have in common? All are subjects of internships undertaken by this fall semester’s ten undergraduate interns. HIST 398, the History Undergraduate Internship, allows undergraduates to earn 3 credit hours and to satisfy Loyola’s Engaged Learning requirement in return for interning at a local institution or with a faculty member.
Several undergraduates are working directly with faculty and staff on research projects this semester. Junior Abby Peck is learning from Kathy Young, University Archivist, how to process collections in University Archives. Her blog vividly illustrates her work cataloguing the Dorr Felt Collection, an extensive assemblage of newspaper clippings and ephemera put together by an early twentieth-century Chicago industrialist. Senior Liam Brew is working through another archival collection – several dozen drawings by nineteenth-century Jesuit artist Nicholas Point – under the direction of Professor Steve Schloesser that will be featured in the summer 2014 LUMA exhibition commemorating the Bicentennial of the Restoration of the Jesuits. Recovering the life of Point, a missionary to the Native peoples of the west, and putting his works in chronological and geographical order is no small task as Liam’s blog so engagingly demonstrates. Junior Madiha Rizvi is working with Professor Elizabeth Shermer on an important question: how it was decided that more student loans would be given over grants (such as the Pell Grant) to undergraduates in the United States. Her blog reveals the ways in which historians adjust their research projects as they seek out sources and discover new questions. Sophomore Jill Kreider is also studying a topic related to universities: the International Houses that were founded to promote hemispheric friendship. Working with Professor Dina Berger, Jill will be traveling to archives around the city uncovering information about the place of Latin American nations in International Houses and documenting it in her blog.
Two undergraduate interns are learning how history can be taught to primary and secondary school students this semester. Senior Mudassir Muztar is moving towards his goal of becoming a high school teacher by interning at Mather High School. Mudassir’s blog details his observations of how an experienced history teacher tailors his pedagogical approach and content for high school students. For anyone interested in secondary education, Mudassir’s blog is a must-read. Interning with the Chicago Grassroots Curriculum, Junior Nikki Jarvis is helping develop a set of six textbooks on the African history called “Great Migrations: From Africa to the Americas” for a younger audience: elementary school students. Nikki’s blog nicely shows how curriculum development requires far more than writing: communication and organizational planning are just as essential to the process.
Thanks to the generous support of the College of Arts and Sciences Dean’s Office, the History Department is able to offer a handful of internships with stipends as part of the History at Work Fellowship program. Two undergraduates participating in this program are interning at the Pritzker Military Library. Sophomore Kyle Jenkins’s blog shares his experience helping library patrons, creating a “Discovery Page” for the Pritzker website on the topic of Merchant Marines, and learning the importance of social media networking. Senior Andrew Prior’s blog talks about the joys and challenges of transcribing an oral history of a WWII Army Air Corps veteran. Over in Andersonville at the Swedish-American Museum, Junior Andrea Marshall is also learning about oral history; only her audience is Chicago’s Swedish-American community. Ever wonder what goes into undertaking an oral history? Check out Andrea’s blog for a nice discussion of the process. Finally, Senior Liam Grogan is delving into two fascinating aspects of early twentieth-century Chicago: the 1919 Black Sox Scandal and the publication of Theodore Dreiser’s Sister Carrie as an intern at the Chicago History Museum. Read Liam’s blog to learn more about his fascinating internship responsibilities, which include composing tweets in the voice of Shoeless Joe Jackson!
It’s not too early to start thinking about internships for the spring semester. More information can be found about HIST 398 on the department website and the Loyola Undergraduate History Internships blog. Remember, as well, that there are 10 openings available for the History at Work Fellowship program for the spring semester. Please be in touch by email (firstname.lastname@example.org) for more information or to set up a time to talk in person.
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Political Science: The political structures and social forces underlying poverty and inequality in the creating world; the historical roots of inequality in several areas, varying manifestations of inequality (class, region, ethnicity, gender), and selected modern issues. A survey of traditional and modern scholarship on ladies and gender in world politics, specializing in theoretical and empirical explorations of political participation, illustration, activism, democracy, struggle, and human rights. The specialisation gives college students with sturdy theoretical foundations and substantive empirical knowledge in subjects such as representative and deliberative democracy, political events, democratic reform, the welfare state, gender, and immigration policy. Political Science: This course analyzes the theory and politics of well being coverage and institutions, evaluating provincial fashions and contextualizing Canadian programs with worldwide perspectives from the U.S. and Europe.
Analyzes and contrasts completely different patterns of nationwide political improvement in Western, Marxist-Leninist, and Third World international locations. The course will also … Read More
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In 2011, the annual U.S. solar capacity broke the 1-GW threshold for the first time. As capacities have grown, so has the influence of utilities over solar markets.
The Solar Electric Power Association's (SEPA) fifth-annual Utility Solar Rankings analyzes the amount of new solar power interconnected by the more than 240 most solar-active U.S. electric utilities in 2011, representing more than 99% of the U.S. solar electric power marketplace.
Utilities are adapting to solar as their fastest-growing electricity source. In 2011, utilities interconnected more than 62,500 photovoltaic (PV) systems, a 38% growth over 2010. Thirteen utilities interconnected more than 1,000 PV systems and 22 interconnected more than 500 systems. In comparison, about 350 non-solar power plants (>1 MW) were expected across the entire United States in 2011.
This annual volume of solar interconnections is unlike anything the utility industry has managed previously and poses strategic questions for utilities:
Rapid Rise in Solar Power
How will utilities physically process this volume of interconnection requests?
How will the distribution grid accommodate this high-penetration growth?
How will the utility and solar industries resolve the economic implications of reduced sales of electricity?
For the fourth straight year, utilities integrated a record amount of new solar power. The nation's most solar-active utilities integrated almost 1,500-MW AC of new solar, equivalent to six natural gas power plants. These 2011 numbers represent a 120% growth in the megawatts installed over 2010. Fifteen utilities reported integrating more than 20 MW each, and eight reported more than 50 MW each. SEPA expects continued growth in 2012, driven by sustained price decreases and a build-out of large solar power plant contracts.
Utility-driven solar procurement is vital to rapid solar market expansion. Utility-driven procurement represented 39% of the new solar capacity in 2011 versus 9% in 2008. As compared to the more traditional customer-oriented market segment, this sector consists of direct wholesale purchases and utility-owned projects, which were 26% and 13% of the market respectively. Large solar projects (>10 MW) make up the bulk of this capacity with an estimated 18 projects totaling 332 MW. SEPA anticipates that this utility segment could increase to 1,500 MW in 2012, equivalent to the 2011 market in its entirety.
The Top 10 annual national rankings measure a utility's newly integrated solar power and includes PV systems interconnected in 2011. Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) in California ranked first, installing 288 MW. The company's portfolio was about half large projects, including three utility-owned projects totaling 50 MW and a 38-MW power purchase agreement with the largest project completed in the United States in 2011. PG&E also integrated more than 13,600 customer-sited projects — over 20% of the total.
Public Service Electric & Gas in New Jersey ranked second with 181 MW, a 142% growth over 2010. Its portfolio was 83% distributed projects and 13% utility-owned.
Arizona Public Service (APS) moved into third place with 144 MW, a nearly five-fold increase over 2010. APS installed three centralized, utility-owned projects, leading the utility to own about one-third of its new solar generation. Two municipal utilities also ranked, with Sacramento Municipal Utility District in California and Long Island Power Authority in New York ranking seventh and ninth, respectively.
To make this year's Top 10 rankings required a minimum of 45 MW, compared to 20 MW in 2010. Going forward, expect larger numbers in 2012, especially with centralized projects.
The most solar-active utilities aren't talking about solar in the future, they are already engaged with solar in substantial ways. A few years ago, the solar integrated into the grid was dominated by customer-owned, net-metered systems. There is a marked shift toward the utility-side of the meter as utilities influence solar markets in new ways.
As solar markets grow, utilities are already adapting to this rapid growth and the operational and regulatory changes that it requires, and in the process laying a path that other utilities will soon follow. Utilities need to look at solar strategically over their typical 10-year to 15-year resource planning horizons and plan accordingly.
Mike Taylor (email@example.com) is the director of research for SEPA.
Editor's note: The full report includes additional analysis and discussion on the national rankings, including the cumulative utilities' solar portfolios and annual rankings by region and utility type. For more information, visit www.sepatop10.org.
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Story by the Jacksonville Business Journal
Jacksonville may be focused on renewable energy, electric vehicles and natural gas, but at the Florida Energy Summit, the keynote address was on how all forms of energy — including coal and other forms of fossil fuels — can be used to the U.S.’s benefit.
The guest speaker, Christopher Guith, vice president for policy at the U.S. Chamber of Commerce’s Institute for 21st Century Energy, emphasized that the U.S. is not an energy poor country.
“The U.S. has diverse energy sources,” Guith said. “Eighty-one percent of which are fossil fuels.” He added that by 2040, figures show that the U.S. will have the same dependance on fossil fuels, and U.S. energy demand will increase 9 percent.
Using technology available today, Guith said the U.S. has natural gas to last for 120 years, oil to last for 206 years and coal to last for 464 years.
Assuming technology improves over time, Guith said those numbers increase substantially: The U.S. will have enough natural gas to last for 586 years, oil for 536 years and nearly 10,000 years of coal usage left.
Guith discussed the Clean Power Plan, a program that establishes carbon emission standards for power plants. Guith criticized the plan for its complicated red tape and for calling for reduced emissions too rapidly for the power plants to keep up with, resulting in closures. He also said that nuclear power and natural gas were under-represented in the plan.
In Jacksonville, much of the focus for developing energy has been not on coal, but on creating a natural gas hub. Organizations like Jax Chamber and its transportation and energy group, Jax Alliance, have vocally supported natural gas-related businesses.
Although it may seem surprising that the speaker of honor at the Florida Energy Summit, co-hosted by Jax Chamber, would be such a coal advocate, Alan Mosley, director of Jax Alliance, said the chamber supports the entire portfolio of energy sources.
“We just want to do things in an effective and environmentally-conscoius way,” Mosley said. “We want to keep the economy going…. It’s in national best interest to keep our energy sources diverse. And we have to use coal and fossil fuels responsibility, because they are part of our life.”
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Young Men's Buddhist Association of Kolonnawa (YMBA (K) ) is a voluntary organization operating in an area of about 16.3sq.km bordering Colombo, the capital of Sri Lanka. Established on 21st July 1962, YMBA (K) has nearly 400 volunteer members committed to serve the social, economic, educational and spiritual needs of Buddhists in particular and other communities in general in this locality where there are about 120,000 Buddhists and 50 Buddhist temples.
Achiving another great mile stone in recent history YMBA Kolonnawa incorporated as Approved Charity Orgnisation by parlimant act no 25 of 2009.
Its Motto is coined in the Buddha's own words Paraththan Patipajjetha meaning "Be in the service of Others".
In the recent years the YMBA (K) has emerged as a catalyst in introducing modern management concepts and techniques to the institutional and non-formal Buddhist organizations in the area so as to maximize return on the human and material resources at their command.
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Putting aside for a moment the short-term and the hurly-burly of Jobs-Act politics (I’ll get back to those later), I’ve been thinking about inequality and mobility.
Income (or wealth, or wage) inequality is the distance between income classes at a point in time. That distance has of course gotten much wider over time.
Income mobility is the rate at which people or families move across those distances, from one income class to another.
Think of the income distribution as a hotel (if you like the usual quintile analysis, think of it as a hotel with five floors). Inequality measures the distance between the floors; mobility measures how likely families are to move from one floor to another.
[One further nuance that I won’t reference here, but for aficionados —there’s absolute and relative mobility. “Absolute” mobility just measures how a person or family moves around the income scale in real income terms; “relative” measures examine how they move around relative to other families. The latter is most common because it links conceptually to inequality in a way I’ll emphasize in a moment. Also the “absolute” analysis is tricky because we expect a family’s income to rise as they age—every few years, someone writes a silly article about how things must be fine because if you follow families as they age, their income goes up. But the question is how fast relative to past generations?]
So why is this interesting? For one, because it’s such a key component of the American dream—working hard, getting ahead, a better life for your kids. If such mobility is threatened, if folks are truly beginning to worry that their kids won’t have the opportunities they had, as some recent polling and data suggest, that constitutes a foundational problem.
But I’d like to look at it from a different angle. What’s the relationship between inequality and mobility?
I became interested in this question years ago, when conservatives who wanted to downplay the increase in inequality cited mobility as a reason why that increase didn’t matter. Essentially, they argued that sure, the floors of the hotel are further apart but people move between them all the time so what’s the big deal?
Except they don’t. More than half of the families who start out in the bottom and top fifths of the income scale are still there a decade later. The correlation between parents and their kids’ income is about 0.5—such a correlation would be very low in a highly mobile society. (What do such numbers mean? One study, which finds a correlation of 0.6, points out that with that level of “intergeneration mobility,” it would take a poor family of four persons 9-10 generations—about 200 years—to achieve middle-class income.)
Another fundamental flaw in the conservative inequality/mobility dismissal has to do not just with the existence of inequality, but with its sharp increase over time. For mobility to offset the increase in inequality, the rate of mobility has to accelerate. It’s not enough to assert that “mobility exists”—the rate at which people switch floors in the hotel has to become faster, and there’s no evidence for that—if anything, the rate of mobility may have slowed in recent years (certainly this chart shows that, but other research finds no change—no research finds an increase).
Also, and this is one of the more remarkable findings from this literature, income mobility is actually higher in every other advanced economy with the exception of the UK (see here). It’s counterintuitive to some, given that we have fewer social protections and hew more to free market principles, etc…but it’s that finding that got me thinking:
What if the conservative dismissal is not just wrong…it’s backwards? That is, what if higher inequality creates new barriers to mobility?
As I noted above, with some exceptions, the research on the rate of mobility does not yet show significant declines in the rate of mobility, but such research depends on “longitudinal data”—data sets that follow people across time, and there’s a long lag with such data sets.
I predict that future research will find this slowdown, and I strongly suspect there’s a linkage between slower mobility and higher inequality.
The connections I’m thinking about here include disinvestment in public educational quality for lower income communities, as well as access to and completion of college education, as these are among the most well-documented correlates of higher mobility (the Obama administration has made useful inroads to improve college access).
But I’m also thinking of decent parks, libraries, food/nutrition, health care, and basic exposure to interesting, mind-expanding experiences when you’re young (some research suggests your income mobility future is determined alarmingly young, like around five, but I’m not yet ready to swallow such determinism without more evidence).
Which leads me to my last point—you know I had to go to the policy place with all this.
Many of the budget cuts we’re (pretty blithely) contemplating in what’s called non-defense discretionary (NDD) spending –as obfuscating a label as you’ll hear in DC—have mobility implications. Much of this spending has been shown to help lower mobility barriers, and in an era where inequality makes those barriers higher, we need more, not less of such investments.
Consider WIC— the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children . It’s about a $7 billion program in which more than half of all newborns, and about one in four children under five, participate. It also provides nutritious food, counseling on healthy eating, and health care referrals to around nine million low-income pregnant and postpartum women and their babies.
Head Start is also part of this funding stream, as are many other education boosters for low-income families.
And all of these programs have been shown, in pretty extensive and consistent research, to be associated with lifelong advantages. They are, in short, tools to reduce mobility barriers.
As commenter DCS reminds me, this line of thinking also implies an explanation for the Euro/Scandinavian result–it shouldn’t surprise us that greater social protections are associated with greater economic mobility. Once again, it may well be the case that the classical economics model is backwards: such protections don’t incent laziness and stagnation, as the model argues…they reduce increasingly entrenched societal barriers and thus enable people to better realize their intellectual and economic potential.
So when you hear people talking about cuts to “non-defense discretionary spending” or even when the White House brags that under their watch NDD will be “the lowest as a share of the economy since the Eisenhower years” ask not for whom the bell tolls. It tolls for those whose futures depend on pushing back on the ever-rising barriers to income mobility. Or even more fundamentally, it tolls for the American dream.
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Creating and using strong passwords is an important part of your server security.
If your old password was compromised, make sure that your new password is very different from your old one.
With Plesk 11 or higher, a strong password is required with your intial setup. These passwords are at least 8 characters long. Along with upper and lower-case characters, they require multiple occurrences of digits and special symbols. Such passwords provide strong protection from brute-force attacks.
Things to include
- At least eight characters.
- One or more of each of the following:
- lower-case letter
- upper-case letter
- punctuation mark
- Lookalike characters to protect against password glimpses. Examples:
- O as in Oscar and the number 0.
- Lower-case l and upper-case I.
- The letter S and the $ sign.
Things to avoid
- Words you can find in the dictionary.
- Passwords shown as "example strong passwords."
- Personal information, such as names and birth dates.
- Keyboard patterns, like qwerty or 12345. Particularly avoid sequences of numbers in order.
- Common acronyms.
- All one type of character - such as all numbers, all upper-case letters, all lower-case letters, etc.
- Repeating characters, such as mmmm3333.
- The same password you use for another application.
Memorable password tips
While passwords that are easy for you to remember are also less secure than a completely random password, following these tips can help you find the right balance between convenience for you and difficulty for hackers.
- Create a unique acronym for a sentence or phrase you like.
- Include phonetic replacements, such as 'Luv 2 Laf' for 'Love to Laugh.'
- Jumble together some pronounceable syllables, such as 'iv,mockRek9.'
Keep your password secret
- Never tell your password to anyone (this includes significant others, roommates, coworkers, etc.). If you need to grant someone access to your server, set up a separate username and password for that person.
- Never write your password down, especially not anywhere near your computer.
- Do not store your password in a plain text file on your computer.
- Never send your password over an unecrypted connection - including unencrypted email.
- Periodically test your current password.
- Update your password every six months.
Password strength tests
Password storing tools
Please investigate any third-party security tools before using them. (mt) Media Temple is not affiliated with the websites and products shown here.
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Thursday, November 01, 2012
During a recent visit to the school, I found Ms. Walker’s kindergarten class outside learning about leaves. “What color is the leaf?” she asks, and hands are raised. She then instructs the students to look and see what other colored leaves they can find in the area. All the children run to get the task done.
The students are not only learning about life cycle of trees, but also about decomposition. There is a leaf cage in the outdoor classroom, in which raked leaves are placed. The students watch as they decompose overtime into compost and soil to feed the plants.
The outdoor classroom includes meadowlands and a vegetable garden. Parents and staff help tend the garden throughout the year. This past Saturday, students planted lots of bulbs, as parents raked, picked up trash, and built new raised beds for planting. “There is a high level of collaboration between teachers and families," says principal Louise Kulman. " Working in teams is a hallmark of instruction in this school! ”
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Happy Wednesday you have made it to the half way point of the week! You are working so hard well done! Keep reading, blogging, emailing, TTRS and keep active!
Keep going with the PE and challenges!
Still not enough children are blogging me or logging onto TT RockStars, it is really important that you do!
Don't forget to keep up with the PE links, this will make sure you are ready for the Lancashire Virtual Sports Day events!
Here are today's tasks:
Have a go at this indoor scavenger hunt!
Task 1: Maths
Today's English task is on Education City. Log on and click on Classwork, then on Maths Task: Wednesday 24th June. Complete all the activities into you exercise books and use the answers to mark you own work. Don't forget the date and LO. Enjoy! It looks like this:
Task 2: English
LO: To develop vocabulary and sentences to create atmosphere.
From the PDF document below use the picture to complete the activities. Use your imagination and get creative! There is no wrong answers here! Enjoy!
Task 3: Music
LO: Asian Music
This week we head to Asia on the other side of the world. Asia is a very big continent, and our lesson today focuses on the East Asian country of China.
Read through the PowerPoint slides (click the link below), you will need to view the presentation as a slide show or the links to the videos will not work!!
Your task is on the final slide, to make a beautifully decorated chinese fan and then use the fan to perform with the chinese fan dance video on the PowerPoint.
Please remember to send in pictures of your finished fan, you can comment on the music blog or email work to your teachers.
I hope you enjoy this task!
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Malware Discovered On Healthcare.gov Server
A reminder that no system, no matter how large or important, is safe from malware: a hacker was able to put a piece of malware onto the server for Healthcare.gov and that breach went undetected for more than a month.
According to reports, the hacker just looked around for vulnerable servers and came upon a server for Healthcare.gov that still had the default password for the server. The malware was a bot, so it could have been used to leave malware all across the system, but fortunately that didn’t happen. The government also says that no personal information was compromised.
This incident combined with the IRS failing to properly back up e-mails shows that the government is clearly not following some of the most basic safety precautions that businesses and every home users are supposed to take.
Microsoft Sued Over Bing Image Widget
Microsoft is facing a copyright infringement lawsuit from Getty Images over the Bing Image Widget. You can use the Image Widget to imbed images from Bing Search onto a website. Getty says that function allows users to put images on their websites, whether they’ve paid for them or not.
Since Getty is in the business of selling photographs, this could cost them a whole lot of money. They want Microsoft to get rid of the widget and Microsoft says they’ll take a look at Getty’s concerns.
After Photo Hacking, Apple To Send Out More Security Alerts
As part of the fallout from the hacking of the iCloud accounts of several celebrities, which resulted in nude photos being posted online, Apple says they are going to start sending out more security notices. Users will be notified when iCloud data is added to a new device for the first time.
Users also receive notices when someone attempts to change an account password and when someone logs in to iCloud with a new device for the first time.
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JACKSONVILLE, Fla. - Monday was dedicated to civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and Jacksonville celebrated with the 33rd annual MLK Day parade and a post-parade event at Metropolitan Park.
Up a couple dozen participants back in the 1980s, the 2014 parade included more than 200 different bands, floats, vehicles and marching units. It was the largest in the city's history and wound through the streets of downtown for 2½ hours.
"It has grown over the period of years," said Richard Wilson, one of the founders of Jacksonville's MLK Foundation and one of those 25 who walked in that initial parade. "Dr. King set a precedent. He believed in marching for peace, justice, love -- and all races join hand and march in unity."
Gov. Rick Scott, U.S. Rep. Corrine Brown and Mayor Alvin Brown joined with dozens of community groups, schools, fraternities, sororities, motorcycle clubs and more groups to participate in the parade. Also represented were the Jacksonville Jaguars and Giants, as well as dozens of youth athletic associations.
"This is the one of the dreams that Martin Luther King had -- to be educated, and that's the dream realized," said Ceila Thomas, of Fill My Cup Ministries. "So we picked this day to give over 3,000 books today to kids (to) remind them to keep this dream alive. We can do and be whatever we want to be."
After the parade, the celebration continued with the celebration of the lives of two community leaders who passed away in 2013: Dr. Chester Aikens and Jacksonville Sheriff's Office Chief Jerome Spates.
Spates was named posthumous grand marshal for the parade because he was a huge supporter of the event.
"When we decided that his legacy, so to speak, would be the grand marshal. I mean, we had smiles in the room from ear to ear," said Gary Thomas, president of Dr. Martin Luther King Memorial Foundation.
After honoring Spates, Aikens and Nelson Mandela and other leaders organizers say Dr. King would be proud of, those gathered at Metro Park were treated to the "Let Freedom Ring" gospel concert.
"We want our young people to know about the man and the struggles that he went through; all of the liberties and freedoms that are enjoyed are result of Martin Luther King's work," said Ken Jefferson, Channel 4's crime and safety analyst who marched in the parade as a member of Save Our Sons.
For more information about the annual parade and event, visit mlkfdnorg.com.
Copyright 2014 by News4Jax.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
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Image: Cherax destructor; the common yabby. Author provided
For children growing up in rural areas, going “yabbying” in farm dams is a rite of passage. The common yabby (Cherax destructor) is the most widely distributed Australian crayfish, inhabiting rivers and wetlands across southeast Australia.
And although the humble yabby is not as cute and cuddly as some better-known Australian icons, from an ecosystem perspective, we argue they may be more important.
Yabbies are a staple food for platypus, many waterbird species, and fish such as Murray cod and golden perch. And yabbies’ diet is largely made up of algae, detritus (dead organic material) and small animals. This means they link energy from the very bottom of the food chain to apex predators at the top.
And yet, little is known how their diets influence their growth and alter their quality as a food source. Our recent research starts to fill this critical gap.
We found yabbies in wetlands are better food source for fish than those in rivers, because wetland yabbies eat more foods rich in high-quality fatty acids. While more research is needed, these results show how higher quality yabby diets can increase the total biomass of predators, such as Murray cod, that riverine ecosystems can support.
Untangling the food web
Food webs describe what eats what within ecological communities and provide a useful way to illustrate how energy moves through the environment.
But it’s more complex than big fish eats little fish. Within food webs, organisms can be lumped into two groups:
- autotrophs: organisms that obtain energy from the sun via photosynthesis, such as plants
- heterotrophs: organisms that obtain energy by eating other organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and animals.
Algae fall in to the first group, providing a high-quality energy pathway in food webs because they can synthesise so-called “long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids”: omega 3 and omega 6.
If you grew up in the 1980s you’re probably familiar with the term “polyunsaturated fatty acids” from its association with margarine (though few probably understood its relevance back then). Today, we more often hear the term around seafood.
We’re encouraged to eat oily fish because of the omega 3 and omega 6 they provide, which the body needs for brain function and cell growth. We source these fatty acids from fish thanks to algae, which underpins many aquatic food webs. Fatty acids are essential for the growth of all animals, including yabbies.
The other primary energy source in freshwater comes from detritus – organic debris and decomposing material. In wetlands and rivers, detritus accumulates from falling leaves and branches along banks, which can be washed into rivers during high flows.
But while detritus is often abundant, it’s considered poorer quality because it’s difficult to digest and has low concentrations of some important fatty acids. And in food webs, poor quality food provides less bounce for the ounce, so to speak.
The yabby is an omniovore – algae, detritus and other animals are its food, but we know little about how these different energy sources affect yabby growth and survival – or how it might affect animals that rely on yabbies for food.
You are what you eat
Our research investigated how different quality fatty acid diets affected yabby growth, and how this might influence other animals up the food chain.
We found yabbies fed poor quality diets in the laboratory, made up of only dead plant matter, barely grew at all. These yabbies also represented a poor-quality food resource for predators.
In contrast, yabbies fed mixed diets rich in high quality polyunsaturated fatty acids grew the most – more than doubling in mass over a 70-day trial. They also retained higher concentrations of these fatty acids in their body tissue, making them a good food resource for other animals.
Yabbies are tough. They’re well adapted to Australia’s extremes, capable of surviving dry conditions by lying dormant in burrows dug in dried waterways. During wetter periods, they can travel long distances in search of a new home – usually wetlands or rivers.
So how might their environment affect their diet? We found wild yabbies that live in wetland habitats ate foods with higher concentrations of these fatty acids compared to yabbies that live in rivers.
And as with our laboratory fed yabbies, wild wetland yabbies eating high quality foods also represented a better food option for fish than riverine yabbies. This is likely due to wetlands containing a higher proportion of diatoms (single-celled algae) and green algae, which both synthesise long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.
What does this mean for freshwater ecosystems?
Australia’s floodplain rivers are dynamic. Wet periods with high flows connect rivers to wetlands that lie on the floodplain. In dry periods with low flows, this connection is interrupted, leaving wetlands on floodplains isolated, sometimes even drying out completely.
Connectivity between rivers and their floodplain is important for many reasons. It provides habitat and breeding opportunities for birds and fish, revitalises plants, and an exchange of nutrients.
Water in the Murray-Darling Basin is shared between irrigators, municipal water supply and the environment, and is largley regulated with infrastructure such as dams and weirs.
Read more: Damning royal commission report leaves no doubt that we all lose if the Murray-Darling Basin Plan fails
Our research is an example of the many benefits that come with ensuring we have adequate water for the environment. Our work shows that an important aspect of connection is to allow riverine predators access to high quality food resources – yabbies – in floodplain wetlands.
If yabbies are thriving and passing essential fatty acids up the food chain, populations of popular recreational fish, such as Murray cod and golden perch, will benefit accordingly.
It’s critical we improve our understanding of these complex relationships. This includes recognising other drivers of riverine population success such as competition, habitat, life history traits and spawning cues, to ensure Australia’s riverine animals can thrive.
This article was co-written by:
Paul McInerney receives funding from the Murray-Darling Basin Authority and the Commonwealth Environmental Water Office
Gavin Rees receives funding from the Murray-Darling Basin Authority and Commonwealth Environmental Water Office
This article is a syndicated news item via
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New Podcast Episode: “Aquinas’ ‘On the Perfection of the Spiritual Life’“ with Dr. Kent Lasnoski
St. Thomas Aquinas is known primarily as a great thinker. And indeed, his works still undergird a Catholic understanding of God and the world. But for St. Thomas, thinking, teaching and writing about Sacred Scripture, theology, and philosophy were never ends in themselves. His academic work—and indeed from his point of view all his work and rest—served a higher purpose.
That higher purpose animates St. Thomas’ short work, “On the Perfection of the Spiritual Life.” “Since certain persons, knowing nothing about perfection,” he began, “have presumed to speak follies concerning the state of perfection, our purpose is to treat of perfection: what it is to be perfect; how perfection is acquired; what is the state of perfection; and what befits those who take up this state.”
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UN Religious Freedom Investigator Requests Visit to Egypt
Government Should Grant Immediate Access
The Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights (EIPR) today welcomed the announcement that the United Nations (UN) Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion and Belief has requested permission to conduct a visit to Egypt. The organization urged the Egyptian government to grant her immediate access.
The UN announced this week that the Special Rapporteur submitted the request to the Egyptian government in order to study the situation of religious freedoms in the country and present recommendations to the government on how to further promote and protect freedom of religion and belief.
"The recent sectarian incidents in Alexandria brought to the forefront the government's need to take urgent and concrete measures to deal with the root causes of increasing sectarian tensions and other religious freedom issues," said Hossam Bahgat, Director of the Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights. "The Special Rapporteur's visit and her ensuing report will assist the government significantly in this regard."
The mandate of the Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion and Belief was established by the UN in 1986. Ms. Asma Jahangir, a prominent Pakistani lawyer and distinguished legal expert, was appointed to the position in 2004. Special rapporteurs work as independent experts on a voluntary basis and submit annual reports to the UN on their respective mandates. Ms. Jahangir's latest report, submitted this month to the UN General Assembly, deals with the issues of conversion and the religious rights of detainees.
"The government should accept every sincere effort and advice at the moment to deal with its record of religious freedoms' violations. The response to the Special Rapporteur's visit request will be a litmus test of how serious the government is in addressing this important subject."
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Tamar was the queen of Georgia from 1184 to 1213 CE. She is considered one of the greatest of medieval Georgia's monarchs, and she presided over its greatest territorial expansion, taking advantage of the decline of other major powers in the region. Tamar was the first female monarch of Georgia, and despite initial resistance to a female ruler, her sex helped craft her legacy as Georgia's great medieval queen.
Crowning a Queen
Tamar was the eldest daughter of George III of Georgia (aka Giorgi III, r. 1156-1184 CE). Without any sons of his own, and having blinded and castrated his only nephew after a rebel fomented around him, George had no male heirs. But George made his decision of successor clear, unlike his father Demetrius I of Georgia (aka Demetre I, r. 1125-1156 CE) and grandfather David IV (aka Davit IV, r. 1089-1125 CE), by having Tamar crowned co-monarch in 1178 CE in front of all the Georgian senior aristocracy and clergy.
Tamar then was the nominal co-ruler while George continued to rule for another six years. But when George died in 1184 CE, the nobility made demands of their new queen. First, they insisted that she be recrowned by them, to which she agreed. Next, they demanded that she remove former serfs and foreigners from power, including the powerful Qipchaq general Qubasar, the amirspasalari (commander-in-chief); to this she also agreed. But when they, led by Qutlu Arslan, suggested that the nobility should have the power to appoint government ministers and enact laws, she resisted. Tamar arrested Qutlu and had the rebellious nobles back down when she offered to pardon them.
Tamar also faced resistance from Mikel Mirianisdze, the catholicos (chief bishop) of Georgia. Since the reign of David IV, the catholicos was also the mtsignobarukhutsei (prime minister) of Georgia, which meant he had enormous power. She summoned a synod in 1185 CE to try and overthrow him, but the synod decided to not oppose Mikel, only removing a few hostile bishops from power.
The battle between the aristocracy and clergy versus Tamar came to a fever pitch over her marriage. Many in the kingdom were eager to have Tamar marry so an heir could be secured for the throne. The nobility proposed Yuri Andreyevich Bogolyubsky, a Kievan Rus duke-in-exile. This choice was supported by Catholicos Mikel and Tamar's aunt, Rusudan, who was a powerful figure at court. Yuri was fetched, and the two were wed, with Tamar remaining the ruling monarch. Yuri proved a successful military commander, which was especially valuable because Tamar usually only accompanied the troops partway without leading them into battle. However, the two did not get along well and Yuri was reputedly debauched; in frustration, Tamar requested and was granted an annulment.
Her Own Queen
In 1188 CE, not only was Yuri sent away but Catholicos Mikel also died. Freed from their control, Tamar chose her own men to fill the top positions in Georgia, including interior minister and commander-in-chief. The Mkhargrdzeli brothers, Zakare and Ivane, became especially important as advisors and military commanders. She next married someone of her own choosing: the Ossetian prince David Soslan (also given as Davit Soslan). David was distantly related to Tamar and he had been raised at the Georgian court in Tbilisi, making him an acceptable match, even if Ossetia was not as powerful of an ally as the Kievan Rus could have been. Unlike the one with Yuri, Tamar's marriage with David was a success: they had two children - the future King George IV of Georgia (aka Giorgi IV, r. 1213-1223 CE) and Queen Rusudan (r. 1223-1245 CE) - and the royal couple reportedly balanced each other.
In 1187 CE, Saladin (r. 1174-1193 CE) had retaken Jerusalem from the Crusaders. With Muslim power on the rise again, Tamar sent two diplomatic missions to Saladin which secured the safety of Georgia's Monastery of the Cross and its exemption from taxation in exchange for peace between Georgia and Saladin's state.
But while peace was secured to the south, war would soon erupt to the west. Yuri, the former husband of Tamar, showed up in Turkish Erzurum. His Georgian supporters, led by Guzan of Tao, came out to greet him and brought him across the border, crowning him king at the royal palace of Geguti. Tamar initially sent negotiators, but then had her loyalist army defeat the rebels in the field. When the rebels surrendered, Tamar showed what became her characteristic mercy: Yuri was sent back to exile in Constantinople; the rebels lost their lands and titles but kept their heads. When Guzan rebelled again, however, David Soslan had him blinded before Tamar could grant him clemency again.
Georgia was once again secure, and in 1192 CE, Tamar gave birth to the future George IV. To celebrate, David Soslan launched two military campaigns, capturing the city of Bardavi, the old capital of Albania in the eastern Caucasus, and Erzurum. In response, the Caliph in Baghdad declared a jihad of all Muslims against Georgia. Nusrat al-Din Abu Bakr, a Muslim ruler of the Eldigüz Dynasty in Azerbaijan, led the attack, occupying Georgia's ally, the Muslim state of Shirvan. Around the same time, Yuri arrived and pledged his loyalty to Nusrat al-Din Abu Bakr.
Yuri was defeated by a Georgian duke in 1193 CE, and thereafter vanishes from the historical record. The main Muslim army under Nusrat al-Din Abu Bakr faced off against David Soslan at the Battle of Shamkor in 1195 CE. David Soslan was victorious, and even the caliphal banners were captured, which were later given by Tamar to the Georgian monastery of Khakhuli. The victorious Georgian army then marched on Ganja, capturing the city and giving it to Amir Mihran, the brother of Nusrat al-Din Abu Bakr, to govern as a Georgian vassal. Nusrat al-Din Abu Bakr had his brother poisoned and managed to recapture Ganja, but the Georgian army marched victoriously south, even capturing the important trading city of Nakhichevan. Although these successes supposedly led Nusrat al-Din Abu Bakr to drink himself to death, Ganja did resist recapture.
Georgia was now at its greatest territorial expanse, which raised the ire of the Seljuk Sultan Rukn ad-Din Süleyman Shah (r. 1196-1204 CE). Süleyman attacked Erzurum and sent a demeaning letter to Tamar, calling her a “simpleton of a queen” and demanding Georgia's surrender. Süleyman offered that if Tamar converted to Islam, he would make her his wife; if not, she would become his concubine. Tamar had a large Georgian army assemble, and David Soslan led it to victory over the several days long Battle of Basiani in 1202 CE. A Muslim counterattack several years later failed and in 1206 CE, Georgian forces occupied Erzurum and Kars.
David Soslan died in 1207 CE, but the Georgian expeditions to the southeast continued unabated. But while Georgia's borders continued to expand, the country did suffer some setbacks: the sultan of Ardabil in Azerbaijan sacked the former capital of Armenia, Ani, on Easter 1209 CE, slaughtering the praying Armenian populace. Georgian forces continued on into Iran, and even the cities of Tabriz and Qazvin offered tribute to Tamar. The loot from this Iranian expedition helped pay for rebuilding Ani.
Aunt Tamar the Empire Builder
While Georgia was victorious in the east, Constantinople had been surrounded by and sacked by the Fourth Crusade in 1204 CE. While the Byzantine Empire was occupied with the Crusaders and then disintegrated into a successor land grab when Constantinople was sacked, Tamar was engaged in a new adventure in Byzantine territory on the Black Sea.
Tamar's sister Rusudan had married Manuel Komnenos, the son of Byzantine Emperor Andronikos I Komnenos (r. 1183-1185 CE). When Andronikos was overthrown in 1185 CE, Manuel and Rusudan's two sons, Alexios and David, were shipped away from Constantinople, the sole survivors of Andronikos' family. Alexios and David were raised at their aunt Tamar's court in Georgia.
When the Byzantine Empire was disintegrating, it appeared an ideal time to help her nephews recapture some of their grandfather's former land. Her Georgian forces helped Alexios and David capture Trebizond and the Black Sea coast up to Sinope. Alexios became Alexios I (r. 1204-1222 CE) of the Empire of Trebizond, which survived as a Byzantine successor state until 1461 CE. The new Empire of Trebizond had strong ties to Georgia and thus expanded Tamar's zone of influence.
Under Tamar, Georgia reached its greatest territorial and political height. Its armies campaigned from Trebizond to Iran, and Georgia was undisputedly a major power in the region. Tamar is almost certainly the most lauded of Georgia's medieval rulers and was written about and eulogized by Georgians medieval and modern. Contemporary poet Shota Rustaveli's epic, The Knight in the Panther's Skin, is considered a positive allegory of Tamar's reign, and it pointedly notes that “the lion's whelps are equal, be they male or female” (Rustaveli, 39). While there is no historical record of her fighting in battle, the image of Tamar as a warrior queen has also been passed down through Georgian legend as well as images of her as a deity or saint. Tamar was declared a saint by the Georgian Orthodox Church centuries later.
Tamar passed this powerful state to her son, George IV, who seemed poised to continue Tamar's legacy as the leader of a powerful Georgia. Unrest by Georgia's vassals and George's own impulsiveness soured these prospects, but the greatest injury to the legacy of Tamar's Georgia was out of her control: just a decade after her death, the Mongols would arrive in Georgia, and in their wake, the Georgia of Tamar would be but a memory.
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Distance from Zwedru to Bensonville
Distance from Zwedru to Bensonville is 278 kilometers. This air travel distance is equal to 173 miles.
The air travel (bird fly) shortest distance between Zwedru and Bensonville is 278 km= 173 miles.
If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles) from Zwedru to Bensonville, It takes 0.31 hours to arrive.
Zwedru is located in Liberia.
|GPS Coordinates (DMS)||6° 4´ 0.0120'' N |
8° 7´ 41.0160'' W
Zwedru Distances to Cities
|Distance from Zwedru to Bensonville||278 km|
|Distance from Zwedru to Gbarnga||181 km|
|Distance from Zwedru to Greenville||154 km|
|Distance from Zwedru to Monrovia||297 km|
|Distance from Zwedru to Harper City||192 km|
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